Composition for improving phosphorus use efficiency in plants and use thereof

Abstract

To provide a composition for improving the efficiency of absorption and / or use of phosphorus by a plant, and use thereof.SOLUTION: A composition for improving the efficiency of absorption and / or use of phosphorus by a plant, comprises a phosphoric acid absorption enhancer. The phosphoric acid absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants, and use of the composition. [Background technology]

[0002] Establishing technology to improve the productivity of agricultural crops and useful plants is an urgent task as one of the solutions to the ongoing food problem on a global scale. One of the keys to solving this problem is efficient fertilization in plant cultivation. The three major nutrients for plants are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and these nutrients are essential for plant cultivation.

[0003] Among these, the appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer, one of the three major nutrients, is determined by the phosphate fixing capacity of the soil to which it is applied. The phosphate fixing capacity of soil is indicated by the phosphate absorption coefficient as an index in soil analysis. It is also known that applying more than the required amount of phosphorus fertilizer does not increase plant yields, so the amount of phosphorus fertilizer to be applied must be determined taking into account the soil's phosphate absorption coefficient and the available phosphate content in the soil. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2004-352679 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2009-165494 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2008-120815 A [Patent Document 4] International Publication WO01 / 80638 Brochure [Patent Document 5] International Publication WO2008 / 072602 Pamphlet [Patent Document 6] International Publication WO2009 / 063806 Pamphlet [Patent Document 7] International Publication WO2013 / 088956 Brochure [Patent Document 8] JP 2001-288011 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] There are environmental issues regarding phosphorus, such as the concern of global depletion of phosphate rock, the source of phosphorus, and the excessive enrichment of soil with phosphorus due to phosphorus fertilization, as well as economic issues due to the costs involved with fertilization.

[0006] As mentioned above, the amount of phosphorus available to plants varies depending on the soil's phosphorus fixing capacity, so plant growth and yields are affected by the properties of each soil, and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied to the soil also varies greatly.

[0007] In view of the above, there is a need for the development of a new fertilization system that is effective in protecting the environment, reducing costs, and achieving efficient plant cultivation with less phosphorus fertilizer application.

[0008] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to develop a technique for improving the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus use efficiency of plants, and to provide a technique for simply and efficiently producing plants with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus use efficiency. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The present inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems, and as a result, have succeeded in dramatically improving the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants by growing plants in the presence of glutathione. It has been found that glutathione can be used to efficiently redifferentiate callus in a short period of time (Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc.), to regulate cell or organ differentiation (Patent Documents 3 and 4, etc.), to improve the harvest index of plants (Patent Document 5, etc.), to improve the sugar content of plants (Patent Document 6, etc.), and to increase the amino acid content of plants (Patent Document 7). It has also been reported that a substance that improves the absorption of at least one of nitrate ions, phosphate ions, and potassium ions by 10% or more has been used as a plant activator, and it has been reported that fatty acids or derivatives thereof, alcohols or derivatives thereof, etc., actually contribute to improving the absorption of phosphate ions through experiments, but the effect of proteins or derivatives thereof as plant activators has not been confirmed (Patent Document 8). In particular, there has been no report to date that the application of glutathione improves the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants. Furthermore, the fact that the phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants, particularly in phosphorus-poor soils, can be easily increased is an exceptionally remarkable effect that goes beyond the range that could be predicted by those skilled in the art.

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes any one of the following aspects. [1] A composition for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in a plant, comprising a phosphate absorption enhancer, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof. [2] The composition according to [1], which is a composition for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants in phosphorus-deficient soil or under phosphorus-deficient conditions. [3] The composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the glutathione or its derivative is selected from the group consisting of oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, homoglutathione, carboxypropyl glutathione, dicarboxyethyl glutathione, and esters thereof. [4] The composition according to any one of [1] to [3], further comprising a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof, or used in combination with a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof. [5] The composition according to [4], wherein the phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of superphosphate, tribasic superphosphate, fused phosphorus, burnt phosphorus, ammonium phosphate, phosphorous acid and organic phosphorus.

[0011] [6] A method for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in a plant, comprising a step of cultivating the plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof. [7] A method for reducing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied to a plant, comprising the steps of cultivating the plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer and applying the phosphorus fertilizer to the plant, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof. [8] A method for growing plants in phosphorus-deficient soil, comprising the step of cultivating plants in the phosphorus-deficient soil in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof. [9] The method according to [8], further comprising the step of applying a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof to the plant.

[10] A method for producing a plant with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency, comprising the steps of cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer and measuring the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in the plant, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

[11] The method described in

[10] , further comprising a step of selecting, from among the plants cultivated with the application of the phosphate absorption enhancer, plants having improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency compared to plants cultivated in the absence of the phosphate absorption enhancer.

[12] The method of [6], [7] or

[10] , wherein the step of cultivating the plant comprises cultivating the plant in phosphorus-deficient soil or in phosphorus-deficient conditions.

[13] The method according to any of [6] to

[12] , wherein the glutathione or a derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, homoglutathione, carboxypropyl glutathione, dicarboxyethyl glutathione, and esters thereof.

[0012]

[14] Glutathione or a derivative thereof for use as a phosphate absorption enhancer in plants.

[15] Glutathione or a derivative thereof for use in improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants. Effect of the Invention

[0013] The present invention can improve the phosphorus absorption efficiency of plants, and can also improve the phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants, particularly in phosphorus-poor soils. Furthermore, it makes it possible to easily and efficiently produce plants with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization of oxidized glutathione on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in soils with different phosphate contents. [Diagram 2] 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization with oxidized glutathione on the phosphate content in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf blades, showing the phosphate content in the leaf blades per mg of fresh weight of Arabidopsis thaliana. [Diagram 3] 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization with oxidized or reduced glutathione on the phosphorus compound content in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf blades, and shows the phosphorus compound content in the leaf blades per gram of dry weight of Arabidopsis thaliana. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization of oxidized glutathione on the growth of Garland chrysanthemum in soil fertilized with various amounts of phosphate. [Diagram 5]FIG. 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization of oxidized glutathione on the fresh weight of garland chrysanthemum in soil fertilized with various amounts of phosphate. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization of oxidized glutathione on the growth of Garland chrysanthemum in soil fertilized with a lower amount of phosphate than P1. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 shows the phosphate content in the leaf blade per mg of fresh weight of Garland Chrysanthemum. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 shows the phosphate content and phosphorus utilization efficiency per Garland chrysanthemum individual. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] [Terminology] As used herein, the term "phosphorus" refers to any phosphorus compound and its derivatives, including both phosphorus compounds in a form that can be absorbed and utilized by plants and phosphorus compounds in a form that cannot be utilized by plants.

[0016] "Soil phosphate" refers to the total phosphate content in soil. 3 PO 4 ) is a function of the pH of the soil. 2 PO 4 - , H.P.O. 4 2- , P.O. 4 3- ) and in the form of phosphorus compounds in which these phosphate ions are combined with cations in the soil. "Soil phosphate" refers to the total amount of phosphate in all of these forms present in the soil.

[0017] In this specification, the "phosphate absorption coefficient" refers to the amount of phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) (mg) and is an indicator of the soil's phosphate fixing capacity.

[0018] Phosphate fixation occurs when cations such as iron, aluminum, and calcium in soil combine with anions of phosphate to form poorly soluble compounds that are unavailable for plants to absorb and use, and the phosphate components are strongly adsorbed and fixed in the soil. The higher the phosphate absorption coefficient, the stronger the soil's phosphate fixing ability and the stronger the ability to make the phosphate components in the soil unavailable. The magnitude of the phosphate absorption coefficient is largely determined by the compositional characteristics that the soil originally possesses. In addition, the appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer to be applied is determined according to the phosphate absorption coefficient of the target soil. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer taking into account the phosphate absorption coefficient. It is known that the phosphate absorption coefficient varies greatly depending on the type of soil.

[0019] For example, alluvial soil and sandy loam have few clay minerals and therefore a low phosphate absorption coefficient, but volcanic soil, especially black soil, has a lot of clay minerals and a lot of active aluminum that dissolves in an acidic environment, so the phosphate absorption coefficient is high. For example, the phosphate absorption coefficient of a typical black soil is over 1,500.

[0020] As used herein, "phosphorus-deficient soil" or "phosphorus-deficient conditions" refers to soils or conditions in which the amount of phosphorus available for plant absorption is low, limiting the availability of phosphorus to plants in the soil or growing conditions. It also includes phosphate-deficient soils or conditions in which phosphorus itself is deficient. It also includes soils or conditions in which the above-mentioned phosphate absorption coefficient is high and phosphate fixation occurs frequently, resulting in a low amount of available phosphate. Specific soils or conditions are described in detail below.

[0021] "Available phosphate" is the form of soil phosphate that can be absorbed by plants, and is also called available phosphate. The amount of available phosphate in soil can be calculated by extracting a portion of the phosphate in the soil with an appropriate solution using a method such as the Triogue method.

[0022] In addition, "phosphorus utilization efficiency" is defined as the efficiency of biomass (target product) productivity per phosphorus taken up by a plant. The efficiency of biomass (target product) productivity can be indicated, for example, by the harvest index per phosphorus taken up by a plant. The harvest index means the ratio of the biomass amount of the harvested product to the total biomass amount. In the present invention, as shown in the examples, the use of a phosphate absorption enhancer increases the biomass amount or harvest index in a plant per amount of phosphorus taken up by the plant compared to the case where a phosphate absorption enhancer is not applied. In addition, in the present invention, the use of a phosphate absorption enhancer increases the biomass amount or harvest index in a plant per amount of phosphorus taken up by the plant even in phosphorus-poor soil or under phosphorus-poor conditions compared to the case where a phosphate absorption enhancer is not applied.

[0023] Furthermore, "improving phosphorus utilization efficiency" in plants means the effect of improving phosphorus utilization efficiency compared to conditions in which the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not applied, i.e., the effect of improving the biomass amount or harvest index relative to the amount of phosphate applied or absorbed compared to conditions in which the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not applied is also intended.

[0024] "Enhanced phosphate absorption" means that phosphate absorption from soil into the plant body is enhanced, and "phosphorus absorption efficiency" means the efficiency of phosphorus absorption from soil into the plant body. The phosphorus form in "phosphorus absorption" includes all phosphorus compounds in a form that can be absorbed and used by plants, but phosphorus in soil is usually absorbed by plants as phosphorus compounds that exist in the form of phosphorus. Therefore, "phosphorus absorption" can also be rephrased as "phosphate absorption". "Phosphate absorption enhancer" can also be rephrased as "phosphorus absorption enhancer". In addition, "phosphorus absorption" from soil into the plant body can be evaluated, for example, using the change in phosphorus (or phosphorus compound) content in the plant body as an index. In other words, when the phosphorus content or phosphorus compound content of a plant body applied with a phosphate absorption enhancer is increased compared to a plant body without application of a phosphate absorption enhancer, or when the phosphorus or phosphorus compound content per individual from the time of sowing to the time of sampling at each time point is increased when comparing samples sampled at different times from sowing, these can be regarded as "enhanced phosphorus absorption".

[0025] "Improving phosphorus absorption efficiency" means the effect of improving phosphorus absorption efficiency compared to conditions in which the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not applied. In other words, it also intends the effect of improving the amount of phosphorus per weight of the plant, i.e., the phosphorus content, compared to conditions in which the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not applied.

[0026] As used herein, the term "harvest index" refers to the ratio of the weight of the harvested product to the weight of the entire plant. In other words, the ratio of the biomass of the harvested product to the total biomass of the plant.

[0027] In this specification, the term "harvest product" refers to the part of the plant that is used as food, such as the fruit in the case of a plant that is eaten for its fruit, the seed in the case of a plant that is eaten for its seeds, the stem in the case of a plant that is eaten for its stem, the root in the case of a plant that is eaten for its root, the flower in the case of a plant that is eaten for its flowers, and the leaf in the case of a plant that is eaten for its leaves, but also includes parts of the plant that are not used as food but contain the product of cultivation. Specifically, for example, in the case of a plant that is used for ornamental purposes, the harvest product includes the flowers, stems, leaves, roots, seeds, etc. that are objects of ornamental use.

[0028] In addition, in this specification, "improving the harvest index" means the effect of improving the harvest index compared to conditions in which the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not applied, and means increasing the ratio of the biomass of the harvested product to the total biomass even under conventional standard fertilization conditions optimized to maximize the yield per unit area. The yield per unit area is improved by increasing the planting density, but the effect is saturated at a certain planting density. In the present invention, "improving the harvest index" means the effect of increasing the ratio of the biomass of the harvested product to the total biomass even under such planting conditions.

[0029] The term "phosphorus fertilizer" refers to a fertilizer that contains phosphorus compounds and their derivatives and is commonly used in the art. The phosphorus compounds and their derivatives to be added will be described in detail below.

[0030] "Reducing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied" refers to reducing the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied that is required while cultivating a plant, and specifically refers to reducing the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied compared to the conventional total amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied when the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not applied (for example, the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied calculated by a fertilizer application calculation method of the prior art, which is determined from the phosphate absorption coefficient and available phosphate amount of the soil in which the plant is cultivated).

[0031] In this specification, "nutrient solution culture" or "hydroponic culture" refers to a general cultivation method in which nutrients and water necessary for plant growth are provided as liquid fertilizer. In other words, it broadly includes both cultivation methods using and not using a medium for supporting the roots (hereinafter also referred to as a support).

[0032] 1. Composition for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants The present invention provides a composition for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants, comprising a phosphate absorption enhancer, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a composition for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants in phosphorus-deficient soil or conditions.

[0033] (Phosphate absorption enhancer) As used herein, the term "phosphate absorption enhancer" refers to a substance capable of enhancing phosphorus absorption by plants, particularly in phosphorus poor soils or conditions, or capable of increasing the phosphorus content in plants, and is glutathione or a derivative thereof. In the present invention, the phosphate absorption enhancer is preferably a substance that is absorbed by plants and acts by contacting the plants.

[0034] As shown in the examples below, the phosphorus absorption amount and phosphorus utilization efficiency were significantly increased in plants cultivated with oxidized glutathione or reduced glutathione compared to plants cultivated under normal conditions or plants cultivated with ammonium nitrate. Also, in the examples below, phosphorus absorption by plants was enhanced even in soil with a low phosphorus concentration, and the phosphorus utilization efficiency was improved, and the plants took up sufficient phosphorus for growth.

[0035] (Glutathione or its derivatives) Glutathione, which has detoxification and antioxidant effects in vivo, is a tripeptide consisting of γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, and is a form for storing or transporting sulfur in plants. In the method of the present invention, glutathione or its derivatives applied to plants may be oxidized glutathione (hereinafter also referred to as "GSSG") or reduced glutathione (hereinafter also referred to as "GSH") or its derivatives. In the present specification, "oxidized glutathione" refers to, for example, a molecule in which two molecules of reduced glutathione are linked by a disulfide bond. Examples of glutathione derivatives include homoglutathione, carboxypropyl glutathione, and dicarboxyethyl glutathione. In addition, esters of glutathione or the above derivatives are also included in the glutathione derivatives. In addition, when glutathione or its derivatives are referred to in the present specification, the salt form thereof and the anhydride or hydrate form thereof are also included. Examples of the salt form of glutathione or its derivative include, but are not limited to, ammonium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, sodium salt, lithium salt, potassium salt, etc. Examples of the anhydrous or hydrated form include, but are not limited to, 0-8 hydrates. That is, the glutathione or its derivative used in the present invention may be a substance selected from the group consisting of oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, homoglutathione, carboxypropyl glutathione, dicarboxyethyl glutathione, and esters thereof.

[0036] The glutathione or its derivatives used in the present invention are not particularly limited in terms of the production conditions, and may be artificially synthesized or derived from natural products. The degree of purification may be high or low, and a commercially available product may be used.

[0037] Glutathione or a derivative thereof may be in a reduced or oxidized form, but is preferably in an oxidized form.

[0038] GSH is easily oxidized, so glutathione may contain a mixture of GSH and GSSG.

[0039] The composition of the present invention may contain GSH as glutathione or a derivative thereof, and the GSH may be oxidized to GSSG during storage or use, or after application to a plant body.

[0040] The method of oxidizing GSH to GSSG is not particularly limited. For example, GSH can be easily converted to GSSG by air oxidation. GSH may also be converted to GSSG by any artificial method known in the art.

[0041] A research group including the present inventor has been conducting research on the mechanisms of plant germination, growth, and flowering, and has found that by cultivating callus induced from a part of a plant body in a regeneration medium containing glutathione, rooting can be promoted and regenerated plants can be obtained efficiently from the callus in a short period of time (Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc.), that by cultivating a plant using glutathione, the number of seeds and the number of flowers of the cultivated plant can be significantly increased, that by cultivating a plant body having a mutation in the synthesis function or response function of a plant hormone (e.g., gibberellin) using glutathione, the number of side buds can be significantly increased, and the number of flowers (pods) can be increased accordingly (Patent Document 5, etc.), that the sugar content of the plant body can be improved (Patent Document 6, etc.), and that the amino acid content of the plant can be increased (Patent Document 7, etc.). However, the use of glutathione or its derivatives as a phosphate absorption enhancer, i.e., the use of glutathione to improve the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants, is a new use that is completely different from the conventional uses of the substance. In addition, the effect of obtaining a plant with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency could not be predicted at all from the conventional uses. Thus, the present invention was made based on the completely new discovery by the inventors.

[0042] (composition) In the application of the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention, glutathione or its derivatives as a compound may be used directly, or a composition containing glutathione or its derivatives may be used.The form of the phosphate absorption enhancer includes solid form and liquid form.It may also be in the form of a composition that contains at least glutathione or its derivatives as a component.

[0043] (Other ingredients and dosage forms) Furthermore, the composition of the present invention may contain other ingredients as long as the effects of glutathione or its derivatives are not impaired.

[0044] The composition according to the present invention may contain a phosphate absorption enhancer other than glutathione or its derivatives. Examples of the phosphate absorption enhancer other than glutathione or its derivatives include substances that increase the synthesis or production of glutathione.

[0045] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof. In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention is used in combination with a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof.

[0046] (Phosphorus compounds and their derivatives) Generally, phosphoric acid is classified according to its solubility into water-soluble phosphoric acid (phosphate soluble in water), soluble phosphoric acid, and citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid (insoluble in water and soluble in 2% citric acid). Water-soluble phosphoric acid is fast-acting, whereas soluble and citric acid-soluble phosphoric acid are slow-acting.

[0047] The phosphorus compound or its derivatives may be in the form of calcium phosphate (calcium superphosphate, calcium triphosphate, etc.; a mixture of water-soluble phosphoric acid and citrate-soluble phosphoric acid), fused phosphorus, heavy burnt phosphorus, burnt phosphorus, ammonium phosphate (ammonium sulfate, potassium ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, etc.), phosphorous acid, organic phosphorus (animal-derived substances such as bone powder and fish meal), humic acid phosphorus, magnesia superphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesia phosphoric acid, Linstar (registered trademark) (J-CAM AGRI Co., Ltd.), and phosphate buffer solution. In one embodiment, the phosphorus compound or its derivatives are selected from the group consisting of calcium superphosphate, calcium triphosphate, fused phosphorus, heavy burnt phosphorus, ammonium phosphate, phosphorous acid, and organic phosphorus. From the viewpoint of increasing the phosphorus concentration while decreasing the hydrogen ion concentration (i.e., pH) in the soil, calcium phosphate (calcium superphosphate, calcium triphosphate, etc.) is preferable. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of being less susceptible to phosphate fixation in soil and having high fertilizer effectiveness, citrate-soluble phosphates such as fused phosphorus are more preferred.

[0048] Examples of phosphate buffers include phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof. Examples of potassium phosphate include potassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) and the like. Examples of sodium phosphate salts include sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ) and the like. Furthermore, examples of ammonium phosphate salts include ammonium phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 PO 4 ), diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , (ammonium phosphate)), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H2 PO 4 ) etc.

[0049] In one embodiment, the phosphorus compound contained in or used in combination with the composition of the present invention is disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ) is a phosphate buffer solution.

[0050] The amount of the phosphorus compound or its derivative contained in the composition or used in combination therewith is appropriately determined depending on the target plant or soil to which it is applied, and is not particularly limited.

[0051] Furthermore, the composition of the present invention may further contain a nitrogen compound or a derivative thereof (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium magnesium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lime nitrogen, etc.), a potassium compound or a derivative thereof (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium sodium sulfate, magnesium potassium sulfate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, etc.), and other components added to general fertilizers.

[0052] The composition of the present invention may further contain a conventionally known soil conditioner for adjusting the pH, EC (electrical conductivity) and moisture of the soil. Examples of such soil conditioners include pH adjusters such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, and moisturizers such as high molecular weight absorbent polymers. Note that EC (electrical conductivity) represents the total amount of water-soluble salts in the soil, and is an index of the amount of salts such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid dissolved in the soil solution. EC is an index of the salt tolerance of crops.

[0053] The composition of the present invention may be in a solid or liquid form. For example, the composition of the present invention may be dissolved in water or a conventionally known liquid carrier, and provided in the form of a liquid, emulsion, gel, or the like. Examples of such liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene; alcohols such as ethanol and ethylene glycol; ketones such as acetone; ethers such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, and the like. The composition of the present invention may also be in the form of a solid agent, powder, or the like in which glutathione or a derivative thereof is supported on a solid carrier component. Examples of such solid carrier components include, but are not limited to, inorganic substances such as talc, clay, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, white clay, and silica gel; and organic substances such as wheat flour and starch. The composition of the present invention may also be appropriately mixed with other auxiliary agents. Examples of such adjuvants include anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, and dialkyl sulfosuccinates; cationic surfactants such as salts of higher aliphatic amines; nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol acyl esters, polyoxyethylene glycol polyhydric alcohol acyl esters, and cellulose derivatives; thickeners such as gelatin, casein, and gum arabic; extenders, binders, and the like.

[0054] If necessary, at least one other plant growth regulator or phosphate absorption enhancer (e.g., benzoic acid, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, pipecolic acid, etc.) can be blended in the composition to the extent that the desired effects of the present invention are not impaired. In addition, conventionally known fertilizers, including phosphorus fertilizers described below, can be blended in the composition.

[0055] (Formulation of composition) The dosage form of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be in the form of a liquid, tablet, powder, or granule.

[0056] When used to successfully prepare a solution containing a phosphate absorption enhancer, the composition of the present invention is preferably in the form of a tablet, powder or granule, and the phosphate absorption enhancer is preferably contained in the composition so that the final concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer in the resulting solution is within the above-mentioned range.

[0057] By applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention, the phosphorus absorption efficiency per plant can be improved, and / or the phosphorus utilization efficiency of the plant can be improved. In particular, by applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention, the phosphorus absorption efficiency per plant can be improved, and / or the phosphorus utilization efficiency of the plant can be improved, even in phosphorus-poor soil or phosphorus-poor conditions. Therefore, the use of the phosphate absorption enhancer can realize efficient phosphorus fertilization. Furthermore, since the harvest index of the plant can be increased, it is not only possible to increase the production of food and biomass resources per unit area, but is also suitable for use in the cultivation of plants that can be used industrially and plants for increasing the production of harvests obtained from them.

[0058] In addition, by applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention, the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants can be significantly increased even in phosphorus-deficient soil or conditions, so that plants can grow well even in phosphorus-deficient soil or conditions.Whether a certain soil or growth condition is phosphorus-deficient soil or condition is determined by the cultivated plants and cultivation conditions, so it is relative, but it can be evaluated by a method for measuring the amount of phosphorus in a form that can be absorbed by plants in the soil, a method for calculating the phosphorus absorption coefficient in the soil, etc.For example, when the amount of phosphorus (or phosphorus) contained in conventional cultivation soil or conditions is used as a standard, soil or conditions containing 90% or less of that, for example, 90% to 1%, 75% to 1%, 50% to 1%, or 25% to 1% of phosphorus (or phosphorus) correspond to phosphorus-deficient soil or conditions. Also included are examples of phosphorus poor soils known in the art along with their phosphate absorption coefficients: humic volcanic ash soils (phosphate absorption coefficients of 2000 or greater), volcanic ash soils (including Andosols) (phosphate absorption coefficients of 2000-1500 (Andosols have a phosphate absorption coefficient of 1500 or greater)), diluvial soils (phosphate absorption coefficients of 1500-700), and alluvial soils (phosphate absorption coefficients of 700 or less).

[0059] The application method, application amount, etc. of the phosphate absorption enhancer will be described in detail in the section below on methods for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus use efficiency in plants.

[0060] 2. Method for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus use efficiency in plants The present invention provides a method for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of a plant, comprising a step of cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer, the phosphate absorption enhancer being glutathione or a derivative thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the method of the present invention is a method for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of a plant in phosphorus-deficient soil or conditions, comprising a step of cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer in phosphorus-deficient soil or conditions. The method will be described in detail below.

[0061] The phosphate absorption enhancer used in this method is preferably one described in [1. Phosphate absorption enhancer]. That is, the phosphate absorption enhancer applied in this method may be applied in the form of a composition containing glutathione or a derivative thereof.

[0062] (Time to apply phosphate absorption enhancers) The timing of application of the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the phosphate absorption enhancer may be applied under conditions in which the plant can constantly absorb the phosphate absorption enhancer, or may be applied under conditions in which the plant can intermittently absorb the phosphate absorption enhancer throughout the cultivation period, or may be applied only during a specific growth period. Examples of intermittent conditions include application at intervals of once or twice a week, or at intervals such as every transplantation (replanting).

[0063] By applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention intermittently, the amount of the phosphate absorption enhancer used can be reduced, and the cost of plant cultivation can be reduced. When applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention intermittently, it is preferable to apply it at a fixed time interval, but it is not limited thereto, and it may be applied at an irregular time interval. For example, the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be applied from the time when the seeds of the plant are sown. Specifically, when the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is applied to a plant that will reach the harvest time in about 2 months to a little less than half a year after sowing, it may be applied on the day of sowing, preferably from the day of sowing to 4 weeks after sowing, more preferably from the day of sowing to 7 weeks after sowing, and even more preferably, it is applied periodically from the day of sowing to the day of harvest. In this case, the interval at which the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 4 times a week, more preferably 2 to 3 times a week.

[0064] In addition, the time interval for applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be determined depending on the concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer to be applied, the target plant, the time of application of the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention, etc. In general, when the target plant is a herbaceous plant, it is preferable to apply the enhancer once or twice a week, or at the same time as the top dressing period.

[0065] When seeds or fruits are assumed to be crops with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency, it is preferable to apply the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention before or after the transition from the vegetative growth stage to the reproductive growth stage (including the transition from the vegetative growth stage to the reproductive growth stage), or during the subsequent flower bud formation stage, or during the time when translocation to the target crop occurs. According to such a configuration, the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is used only at a specific time, thereby reducing the cost of plant cultivation.

[0066] When the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is applied only at a specific time, the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be applied under conditions in which the plant can constantly absorb the phosphate absorption enhancer for a certain period of time at the specific time, or the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be applied under conditions in which the plant can intermittently absorb the phosphate absorption enhancer for a certain period of time at the specific time. By applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention intermittently for a certain period of time at the specific time, the cost of cultivating the plant can be further reduced.

[0067] (Application period of phosphate absorption enhancer) The period of cultivating plant by applying phosphate absorption enhancer is not particularly limited, but when harvesting seeds or fruit, the period of applying the composition or phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention can be set based on the flowering period.For example, the composition or phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention can be applied at the bud stage, or after the petals fall, or during the period from the bud stage to the fruiting, from the flowering stage to the fruiting, or from the petals fall to the fruiting, or can be applied to inflorescence.

[0068] The application period is preferably from the start of cultivation to the harvest time. When the adsorbent of the composition is buried in soil and used, the contact time with the plant body is long, and it is possible to exert the effect with a small amount of application compared to the case of using it as a liquid fertilizer in soil or plants. For example, it may be continuously or intermittently applied from sowing, planting of cuttings or seedlings to harvest, or it may be applied immediately after sowing, planting of cuttings or seedlings, or it may be continuously or intermittently applied from the time of parent plant, cutting growth or seedling growth of the plant body. In yet another embodiment, the application of the phosphate absorption enhancer is performed in the top dressing process.

[0069] When seeds or fruits are harvested, the time of applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be set based on the flowering time. For example, the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be applied at the bud stage, or after the petals have fallen, or from the bud stage to the fruiting stage, from the flowering stage to the fruiting stage, or from the petals having fallen to the fruiting stage, or may be applied to the inflorescence.

[0070] (Application amount of phosphate absorption enhancer) The amount of the phosphate absorption enhancer applied to the plant can be adjusted depending on its concentration, application method, and application target, but the amount can be defined by the total amount of the phosphate absorption enhancer actually applied to the plant. By applying the phosphate absorption enhancer to the plant, the growth of the entire plant and / or the growth of the harvested product can be promoted.

[0071] In addition, the phosphorus content accumulated in the plant body can be increased compared to the case where the phosphate absorption enhancer is not applied.

[0072] The concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer applied during the cultivation period may be within a specific range. By applying the phosphate absorption enhancer to a plant, the growth of the plant can be promoted more effectively. As a result, the amount of phosphorus compounds and their derivatives accumulated in the plant body can be increased more effectively than when the phosphate absorption enhancer is not applied. The total amount of the phosphate absorption enhancer given to the plant throughout the cultivation period can be converted into, for example, the weight of GSSG at the same molar concentration as the phosphate absorption enhancer used. For example, the amount of GSSG used during a 4-week cultivation period is preferably within the range of 12.5 mg to 300 mg per plant, and preferably within the range of 60 mg to 1450 mg per 1 L of soil. The period during which the plant is cultivated by applying GSSG is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 5 weeks (35 days) before harvesting to the time of harvesting.

[0073] (Method of application of solid phosphate absorption enhancer) An example of a method for applying a solid form of a phosphate absorption enhancer is to mix the solid form of the phosphate absorption enhancer with a medium (support (eg, soil)) for cultivating a plant.

[0074] When the phosphate absorption enhancer is applied to a plant in a solid form, the concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mg to 4,000 mg, more preferably 0.4 mg to 800 mg per 1 L of medium volume, and even more preferably 1 mg to 100 mg per 1 L of medium volume. As an example, when oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is applied to a plant in the solid form of a 1% granule to a medium, it is preferably 0.01 g to 400 g per 1 L of medium volume, more preferably 0.04 g to 80 g per 1 L of medium volume, and even more preferably 0.1 g to 10 g per 1 L of medium volume. Such a concentration can further improve the growth rate of the plant.

[0075] When the phosphate absorption enhancer is applied in the form of a tablet, powder or granule, it may be contained in a medium used for growing plants, or when applied to plants grown hydroponically, it may be gradually dissolved in water. It may also be provided as a solid agent to be dissolved in water, and dissolved in water when used.

[0076] (Method of application of liquid phosphate absorption enhancer) Methods for applying the liquid phosphate absorption enhancer include wetting the whole or part of the plant, or a support on which the plant is to be planted, with a solution containing the phosphate absorption enhancer.

[0077] When provided in liquid form, the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be contained in a culture medium used to grow plants, or may be sprayed, dripped or applied to part or the entire plant, such as the growing point, buds, leaves, stems, etc.

[0078] When the phosphate absorption enhancer is applied to a plant as a liquid composition, the concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer used is preferably 0.0002 mM to 7 mM, more preferably 0.0007 mM to 5 mM, 0.002 mM to 5 mM, 0.1 mM to 5 mM, or 0.5 mM to 5 mM, even more preferably 1 mM to 5 mM, and even more preferably 2 mM to 5 mM. Within this range, the growth of the plant produced can be further improved. The liquid composition can be prepared by dissolving the phosphate absorption enhancer in a suitable solvent (e.g., water, etc.). The water can be any of deionized water, distilled water, reverse osmosis water, and tap water. The solvent can also contain components other than the phosphate absorption enhancer, such as various commercially available fertilizers and surfactants. The concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer can be appropriately changed depending on the type of plant to which it is applied and the time of application.

[0079] For example, as a method for wetting a support for cultivating a plant with a solution containing a phosphate absorption enhancer, more specifically, a method of sprinkling a solution containing a phosphate absorption enhancer from the top of the support, a method of placing a support in a container filled with a solution containing a phosphate absorption enhancer and watering from the bottom, etc. When sprinkling water from the top of the support, the amount of water sprinkled from the top can be appropriately adjusted according to the conditions of use of the phosphate absorption enhancer and cultivation conditions such as the pot volume, and when sprinkling water from the top of the support, the amount of water sprinkled from the top can be appropriately adjusted according to the conditions of use of the phosphate absorption enhancer and cultivation conditions such as the pot volume, and when assuming the use of 1 mM GSSG, for example, 5 mL / time to 150 mL / time per individual is preferable, 8.5 mL / time to 100 mL / time is more preferable, and 20 mL / time to 50 mL / time is even more preferable. When sprinkling water from the bottom, it is sufficient that the solution containing the phosphate absorption enhancer is substantially uniformly wetted into the support, and the amount of liquid and concentration used in such a case can also be defined as the amount of phosphate absorption enhancer applied per soil.

[0080] When the liquid composition is directly sprayed on the plant, the solution may be sprayed in the form of a mist on a part or the whole of the plant using a sprayer or the like. The amount of the solution to be sprayed is appropriately set depending on the concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer in the solution. The number of sprays may be one or more, but it is preferable to spray at the start of cultivation. Furthermore, depending on the conditions of use of the phosphate absorption enhancer, additional spraying may be performed appropriately during the cultivation period (for example, every few days (2 to 7 days)).

[0081] In addition, in the application of a phosphate absorption enhancer in the form of a solid or liquid, it is preferable that the medium or solution containing the phosphate absorption enhancer is supplied to the plant after the phosphate absorption enhancer is prepared within the above-mentioned concentration range, but it is sufficient that the phosphate absorption enhancer is mixed with the medium or solution at the stage of being taken up by the plant. Therefore, the medium or solution not containing the phosphate absorption enhancer and the auxiliary agent may be supplied directly to the outer surface of the plant or supplied to the vicinity of the plant (support or soil) simultaneously or continuously. By using such a procedure, the plant can take up the medium or solution mixed with the auxiliary agent. In addition, glutathione or its derivative or a composition containing it may be mixed with a conventionally known fertilizer or a drug such as a plant hormone and given to the plant.

[0082] (Cultivation support and cultivation device) In the cultivation step of the method of the present invention, a known hydroponic cultivation apparatus and the like used for cultivating plants may be used. Also, known supports and nutrient solutions may be used for cultivation.

[0083] As the support, soil can be used. The type of soil is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include soil in ordinary farm fields and horticultural soil (e.g., Kureha horticultural soil (Kureha)). In addition, for example, rock wool, gravel, or hydroballs may be used. In addition, for example, coco peat (a soil conditioner made by piling and fermenting fiber fibers that form the shells of coconuts), pumice (volcanic pumice), peat moss, vermiculite, perlite, or other soil may be used. In addition, different types of soil may be mixed in any ratio. When the support is soil, any type of soil may be used, and the phosphorus content, phosphorus absorption coefficient, and available phosphorus amount in the soil are not limited.

[0084] In the case of hydroponics, the plant may be cultivated by filling a small container such as a pot or a bag with the soil improver or soil, transplanting the plant therein, and immersing the container or bag in the nutrient solution.

[0085] The nutrient solution may be any known solution and is not particularly limited. For example, it may be water or an aqueous solution containing one or more components necessary for plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and metal components. For example, it may be an aqueous solution containing ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ), potassium content (K 2 O), magnesium (MgO), manganese (MnO), boron (B 2 O 2 An aqueous solution containing one or more of the following components can be used: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo).

[0086] In this way, when the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention is applied during cultivation, the composition may be mixed with a fertilizer and / or a chemical such as a plant hormone and then applied to the plant as described above. In this case, the timing for applying the mixture of the fertilizer and the composition is not particularly limited, and may follow the above examples or a preferred timing for applying the fertilizer.

[0087] From the above, the present method as an embodiment in which the fertilizer applied is a phosphorus fertilizer is a method for improving the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of a plant, which includes a step of cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer and a step of cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof, and the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof. In other words, in the method of the present invention, both the phosphate absorption enhancer and phosphorus fertilization may be performed on the plant.

[0088] The phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof to be applied includes the phosphorus compounds or derivatives thereof described in the section "1. Composition for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants."

[0089] The application of the phosphate absorption enhancer and the application of phosphorus may be performed simultaneously or at different times. That is, the application of phosphorus fertilizer may be performed first, followed by the application of the phosphate absorption enhancer, or the application of the phosphate absorption enhancer may be performed first, followed by the application of phosphorus fertilizer. In addition, the application may be performed simultaneously for a certain period, and separately for another certain period. When the fertilization is performed simultaneously, the phosphorus compound or its derivative may be contained in a single composition of the present invention, or separate compositions may be applied simultaneously.

[0090] In this case, the application timing and application form of the phosphorus compound or its derivative can be the same as those described above for the application timing and application form of the phosphate absorption enhancer.

[0091] In the method of the present invention, the total amount of phosphorus compound or its derivative required during plant cultivation can be reduced from the conventional total phosphorus application amount without application of a phosphate absorption enhancer (for example, the total amount of phosphorus compound or its derivative calculated by the application amount calculation method of the conventional technology, which is determined from the phosphate absorption coefficient and available phosphate amount of the soil in which the plant is cultivated). In one embodiment, the total phosphorus application amount when a plant is cultivated using the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention can be 95% or less (per phosphorus weight) of the conventional total phosphorus application amount determined from the phosphate absorption coefficient and available phosphate amount of the soil. In one example, it can be 50% or less of the conventional total phosphorus application amount determined from the phosphate absorption coefficient and available phosphate amount of the soil. In yet another embodiment, the total phosphorus application amount in the method of the present invention can be preferably 30 to 95% of the conventional total phosphorus application amount, more preferably 30 to 90% of the conventional total phosphorus application amount, even more preferably 30 to 75% of the conventional total phosphorus application amount, and most preferably 30 to 50% of the conventional total phosphorus application amount. In this way, by applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention, the amount of phosphorus applied can be reduced even when phosphorus fertilizer is applied, thereby reducing the costs associated with plant cultivation.

[0092] (plant) As used herein, the term "plant" refers to a whole plant, a plant organ (e.g., leaves, petals, stems, roots, seeds, etc.), a plant tissue (e.g., epidermis, phloem, parenchyma, xylem, vascular bundles, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, etc.), or a plant cultured cell, or various forms of plant cells (e.g., suspension cultured cells), protoplasts, leaf slices, callus, etc.

[0093] Plants to which the present invention is applicable are not particularly limited, and can be applied to all kinds of plants, such as various monocotyledonous plants, dicotyledonous plants, trees, etc. For example, monocotyledonous plants include plants of the Lemnaceae family, including plants of the genus Lemna (duckweed) and Lemna (leakweed, leucanthemum), plants of the Cattleya family, Cymbidium family, Dendrobium family, Phalaenopsis family, Vanda family, Paphiopedilum family, Oncidium family, plants of the Orchidaceae family, plants of the Typhaceae family, plants of the Hemerocallis family, plants of the Brassica family, and plants of the Orchidaceae family. Examples of plants include plants of the family Alpinaceae, the family Perillaceae, the family Celastraceae, the family Poaceae (such as sweet corn and other corn), the family Gypsophila, the family Palm, the family Araceae, the family Lycoraceae, the family Moniliaceae, the family Juncaceae, the family Santalum, the family Liliaceae, the family Amaryllidaceae, the family Dioscoreaceae, the family Iris, the family Lilium, the family Zingiberaceae, the family Planaceae, and the family Polyporaceae.

[0094] Examples of dicotyledonous plants include plants of the family Iridaceae, including plants of the genus Ipomoea (morning glory), plants of the genus Convolvulus (convolvulus, cauliflower, seaweed), plants of the genus Ipomoea (bundleweed, sweet potato), and plants of the genus Cupressaceae (cushion, dodder); plants of the genus Dianthus (carnation, etc.), plants of the genus Chickweed, plants of the genus Alpine clover, plants of the genus Mitella, plants of the genus Trifolium, plants of the genus Trifolium, plants of the genus Trifolium, plants of the genus Trifolium, plants of the genus Trifolium, plants of the genus Trifolium, plants of the genus Silene, plants of the genus Cinnamomum, plants of the genus Clover, plants of the genus Clover, plants of the genus Clover, plants of the genus Silene, plants of the genus Cinderaceae ... Plants of the Caryophyllaceae family, including the genera Acanthaceae and Chickweed; plants of the Bacillus subfamily, Dokudamiaceae, Pepperaceae, Crayfish, Salicaceae, Bayberry, Juglans, Birch, Beech, Elm, Mulberry, Nettle, Bryoniaceae, Brynoniaceae, Roughwood, Santalum, Mistle, Horsetail, Bryoniaceae, Atractylodes, Atractylodes, Bacillus subfamily ... , Scutellaria, Magnolia, Buccanidae, Wisps, Aquifoliaceae, Berry family, Myrtle family, Myrtle family, Akebia, Berberidae, Acanthaceae, Camphor family, Papaveraceae, Atractylodes family, Brassica family (Arabidopsis, cabbage, radish, wasabi, varied bracken, broccoli, etc.), Bryaceae, Podocarpus, Scutellaria, Snowdrop family, Lamium, Vitis, Planaceae, Rosaceae, Legumes, Hardtonia, and Galium. plants, Liliaceae, Atractylodes, Rutaceae, Bitternaceae, Meliaceae, Atractylodes, Brassica, Boxwood, Scutellaria, Cordata, Lacunaceae, Molybdenaceae, Cornus, Atractylodes, Acanthaceae, Maples, Horsetail, Scutellaria, Bacillus, Acanthaceae ...Plants from the family Araceae, Thumbnails, Violets, Cornaceae, Passiflora, Cactaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lycium, Loquataceae, Pomegranates, Lamiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rhododendrons, Elaeaceae, Scrubs, Ant-Lies, Cedrus, Ardisia, Apiaceae, Cornaceae, Prunus, Alpinia, Apiaceae, Rhubarb, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Cornaceae, Atractylodes, Atractylodes, Rhododendrons, Atractylodes, Primula, Asteraceae, Perilla, Scutellaria, Eucalyptus, Scutellaria, Atractylodes, Atractylodes, Primula, Asteraceae, Perilla, Scutellaria, Atractylodes ... Examples of the plant include plants of the family Bacilliaceae, the family Gentianaceae, the family Apocynaceae, the family Melastomataceae, the family Violets, the family Bacilliaceae, the family Bacilliaceae, the family Solanaceae (tomato, etc.), plants of the family Sesame, the family Acanthaceae, the family Pedunculaceae, the family Pontederiaceae, the family Gastropodaceae, the family Utriculariae, the family Vexillaceae, the family Plantain, the family Rubiaceae, the family Pycnonotaceae, the family Acanthaceae, the family Acanthaceae, the family Asteraceae (garland chrysanthemum, lettuce, burdock, butterbur, etc.). In addition, the plants that are the subject of the present invention may be not only wild types of the above-mentioned plants, but also mutants, transformants, genetically modified plants, and genome-edited plants.

[0095] As shown in the examples below, the part of the plant where the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency is improved is not particularly limited, and may be a harvested product or other parts. The term "harvested product" refers to the part of the plant that serves as food, such as, but not limited to, the fruit in the case of a plant whose fruit is eaten, the seed in the case of a plant whose seed is eaten, the stem in the case of a plant whose stem is eaten, the root in the case of a plant whose root is eaten, the flower in the case of a plant whose flower is eaten, and the leaf in the case of a plant whose leaf is eaten.

[0096] 3. How to grow plants in phosphorus-deficient soils The present invention also provides a method for growing a plant in phosphorus-deficient soil, comprising cultivating the plant in the phosphorus-deficient soil in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

[0097] As described above, the method of the present invention can significantly increase the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants, so that plants can grow well even in phosphorus-deficient soil. Whether or not soil is phosphorus deficient is determined based on the cultivated plants and cultivation conditions, and is therefore relative, but a person skilled in the art can evaluate it by using a method for measuring the amount of phosphorus (or phosphorus) in soil, a method for calculating the phosphorus absorption coefficient, etc.

[0098] This method may further include a step of applying a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof to the plant. The above description of [2. Method for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of a plant] can be applied to the step of applying a phosphate absorption enhancer and the step of applying phosphorus to the plant.

[0099] [4. Methods for reducing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used] The present invention also provides a method for reducing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied to a plant, comprising the steps of cultivating the plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer and applying the phosphorus fertilizer to the plant, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

[0100] As described above, in the method of the present invention, the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied can be reduced compared to the conventional total amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied without applying a phosphate absorption enhancer (for example, the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer calculated by the conventional fertilizer amount calculation method determined from the phosphate absorption coefficient and the amount of available phosphorus of the soil in which the plant is grown). Here, the phosphorus fertilizer is a fertilizer containing the above-mentioned phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof.

[0101] In one embodiment, the total phosphorus application amount when a plant is cultivated using the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention can be 95% or less (per phosphorus weight) of the conventional total phosphorus fertilizer application amount determined from the soil phosphate absorption coefficient and the amount of available phosphorus. In one example, the application amount can be 50% or less of the conventional total phosphorus fertilizer application amount determined from the soil phosphate absorption coefficient and the amount of available phosphorus. In yet another embodiment, the total phosphorus fertilizer application amount in the method of the present invention can be preferably 30 to 95% of the conventional total phosphorus fertilizer application amount, more preferably 30 to 90% of the conventional total phosphorus fertilizer application amount, even more preferably 30 to 75% of the conventional total phosphorus fertilizer application amount, and most preferably 30 to 50% of the conventional total phosphorus fertilizer application amount. In this way, by applying the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer can be reduced even when phosphorus fertilizer is applied, and the cost of plant cultivation can be reduced.

[0102] In addition, in this method, the step of applying a phosphate absorption enhancer to a plant and the step of applying a phosphorus fertilizer to the plant may be performed in either order, or may be performed simultaneously or at different times. In other words, the phosphorus fertilizer may be applied first, followed by the application of a phosphate absorption enhancer, or the phosphorus fertilizer may be applied after the application of a phosphate absorption enhancer. In addition, the steps may be applied simultaneously for a certain period and separately for another certain period. Furthermore, these steps may be repeated. When applying fertilizer simultaneously, the phosphate absorption enhancer and the phosphorus fertilizer (phosphorus compound or its derivative) may be used by being contained in a single composition, or separate compositions may be applied simultaneously. For these steps, the description in the above [2. Method for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of a plant] may be applied.

[0103] 5. Method for producing plants with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency The present invention further provides a method for producing a plant with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency, comprising the steps of cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer, measuring the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in the plant, and selecting from the plants cultivated with the application of the phosphate absorption enhancer, plants having improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency compared to plants cultivated in the absence of the phosphate absorption enhancer, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

[0104] Since the phosphate absorption enhancer can be absorbed by a plant by contacting it with the plant, the above step can be a step of contacting the phosphate absorption enhancer with the target plant or a step of allowing the phosphate absorption enhancer to be absorbed by the target plant. The procedure for allowing the phosphate absorption enhancer to be absorbed by the plant is not particularly limited, and for example, the plant may be cultivated in a medium (including soil and soil conditioner) containing the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention to allow the plant to absorb the phosphate absorption enhancer from the roots, or the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be given as a granule or liquid fertilizer, sprayed, or applied while the plant is being cultivated, so that the plant absorbs the phosphate absorption enhancer. In addition, the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention may be adsorbed on an adsorbent such as an ion exchange resin, and the adsorbent may be buried in soil or otherwise placed in a medium, and then the plant may be cultivated. That is, the method of the present invention further includes a step of cultivating a plant in the presence of the phosphate absorption enhancer. The specific procedure of the steps in the method of the present invention may be in accordance with the above-mentioned form of use of the phosphate absorption enhancer of the present invention.

[0105] Furthermore, the concentration of the phosphate absorption enhancer applied may be high or low within a range that can increase the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus use efficiency of the plant, and the desired effect can be achieved by appropriately setting the interval, timing, duration, etc. at which the enhancer is applied. When the total amount of the phosphate absorption enhancer applied throughout the cultivation period is within a specific range, the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus use efficiency of the plant can be increased. The interval, timing, duration, etc. at which the phosphate absorption enhancer is applied The total amount of the phosphate absorption enhancer applied to the plant throughout the cultivation period can be the same as that described above in [2. Method for improving phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus use efficiency of the plant].

[0106] In the plant to which the method of the present invention is applied, phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency are improved. The plant with improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency may be a plant with improved phosphorus content, biomass amount, and harvest index. In order to confirm the improvement of phosphorus content in the plant, the method of the present invention includes a step of measuring phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency. The step of measuring phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency may be at least one of a step of measuring phosphorus content, a step of measuring biomass amount, and a step of measuring harvest index. In addition, the method of the present invention may further include a step of measuring phosphorus content in the target harvest of the plant to which the phosphate absorption enhancer is applied. The method of measuring phosphorus content in the plant may be a conventionally known procedure, or may be a procedure described in the examples described below.

[0107] The method of the present invention may further include a step of controlling the light conditions at the time of harvesting the plant to which the present invention is applied in order to control the effect of the present invention (i.e., the effect of increasing the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of the plant). The control of the light conditions may be a change from light conditions to dark conditions, or from dark conditions to light conditions, or a change in the amount of light under light conditions, and may be performed before harvesting the crop, and the start time and control period are not particularly limited as long as the harvest is performed 8 hours or more after the start of the control and before the end of the control. In addition, the start of the control may be before or after the start of application of a phosphate absorption enhancer to the plant, and is preferably performed after the start of application of the phosphate absorption enhancer.

[0108] The method of the present invention may further include a step of controlling the temperature conditions during the cultivation period of the plant to which the present invention is applied in order to control the effect of the present invention (i.e., the effect of increasing the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of the plant). As shown in the examples described later, even if the plant is grown at a temperature outside the optimum temperature range for plant growth, the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in the plant can be improved by applying a phosphate absorption enhancer and controlling the temperature conditions. The control of the temperature conditions may be a change from a high temperature condition to a low temperature condition or a change from a low temperature condition to a high temperature condition, and the start time and the control period are not particularly limited as long as the control is started after sowing (preferably germination) and harvesting is performed by the end of the control. The control may be started before or after the start of application of the phosphate absorption enhancer to the plant, and is preferably carried out after the start of application of the phosphate absorption enhancer.

[0109] In addition, in order to confirm that the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency are improved in the plant produced by the production method of the present invention, the plant production method of the present invention further includes a step of selecting a plant having improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency compared to a plant cultivated in the absence of a phosphate absorption enhancer. By having the above-mentioned configuration, the target plant can be successfully selected.

[0110] As described above, the method of the present invention improves the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants, and enhances phosphorus absorption by plants. As a result, it is possible to produce plants with significantly improved phosphorus content, biomass amount, and harvest index. In addition, since the phosphorus required for plant growth is efficiently absorbed into the plant body under minimum phosphorus fertilization conditions, the amount of phosphorus fertilization can be reduced. Furthermore, even in a poor environment for plants, such as low phosphorus concentration soil or phosphorus-poor soil or conditions that would have been unsuitable for plant cultivation in the past, the phosphorus absorption by plants is enhanced, and the plants can take in sufficient phosphorus for growth and grow. As a result, it is possible to reduce phosphorus fertilization and efficiently grow plants while reducing the burden on the environment and costs.

[0111] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims. Embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the technical means disclosed in different embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[0112] The following examples are provided to further explain the present invention. EXAMPLES

[0113] Example 1: Effect of oxidized glutathione fertilization on Arabidopsis thaliana growth in soils with different phosphate contents (Experimental Method) A plant growth experiment was conducted. Plant cultivation is at 100μE / m 2 The experiment was carried out under photoperiods of 16 hours light / 8 hours dark at a temperature of 22°C. The culture medium used was vermiculite (Asahi Kogyo) for the bottom layer, Kureha horticultural soil (Kureha) for the middle layer, and vermiculite (Asahi Kogyo) for the top layer, with the volume ratio of bottom:middle:top layer being 2:1:1 (80 mL:40 mL:40 mL).

[0114] Seeds of *Arabidopsis thaliana* were sown in pots filled with soil immersed in water, and the soil was allowed to absorb water from the water. In this case, the fertilizing phosphorus was only the phosphorus derived from Kureha horticultural soil, and this phosphorus condition was designated as P1 (124 mg (phosphoric acid) / 100 g (soil)). Next, when allowing the seeds to absorb water, instead of water, 100 mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 was supplied from the bottom of the dish by irrigation, and the cultivation was carried out in the same manner except that the amount of phosphate fertilization was increased to twice the amount. This phosphorus condition was designated as P2 (248 mg (phosphoric acid) / 100 g (soil)).

[0115] (Phosphate concentration) The phosphate concentration conditions used in this experiment are based on the following calculations. <Phosphorus concentration condition (designated as P1)> Nutrient content per pot (40 mL) of Kureha horticultural soil: N (nitrogen) 12 mg, P (phosphorus) 30 mg, K (potassium) 18 mg Amount of P per dish: P 30 mg × 4 pots = 120 mg 120 (mg) / 31 = 3.87 mmol <P2 phosphorus concentration condition (double the concentration of P1)> At the time of water absorption, 38.7 mL of 100 mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 was used as the base fertilizer and supplied by irrigation from the bottom to double the amount of phosphorus. 100 mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 For 3.87 mmol of this: 3.87 mmol / (100 mmol / L) = 38.7 mL

[0116] Next, the plants were given either water alone (control) or 1 mM oxidized glutathione (GSSG) solution. Specifically, four pots, each measuring approximately 65 mm (W) × 65 mm (D) × 50 mm (H), were placed on one dish with three plants per pot, and 25 mL of solution per pot (100 mL per four pots) was added to the dish once a week at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after sowing to provide glutathione to the roots.

[0117] The total weight (dry weight), seed mass, and harvest index of the plants obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana (3 plants per pot) grown under the above conditions that had been growing for more than 10 weeks after sowing and had stopped growing were measured, and the average values ​​for the 16 pots of each treatment were calculated.

[0118] Both total and seed weights were measured as dry weights, and the harvest index was calculated as the ratio of seed weight to total plant weight. The results are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization of oxidized glutathione on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in soils with different phosphate contents. Figure 1A shows the total body weight (mg) of Arabidopsis thaliana cultivated under each of the above conditions, Figure 1B shows the seed weight (mg) of Arabidopsis thaliana cultivated under each of the above conditions, and Figure 1C shows the harvest index (n=16 for each) of Arabidopsis thaliana cultivated under each of the above conditions. Figure 1D and E show the seed weight ratio of Arabidopsis thaliana cultivated under each of the above conditions, where the seed weight ratio was calculated using the seed weight ratio of untreated GSSG (none) under P1 phosphorus condition (D) as the standard, and the seed weight ratio was calculated using the seed weight ratio of untreated GSSG (none) under P2 phosphorus condition (E) as the standard.

[0119] As shown in Figure 1, when treated with 1 mM GSSG, increases in total weight, seed weight, and harvest index were observed in both phosphorus conditions P1 and P2 compared to the control without GSSG treatment (none).

[0120] The increase in seed weight was about 21% for P1 with glutathione treatment (GSSG) compared to P1 without glutathione treatment (none), and about 26% for P2 with glutathione treatment compared to P2 without glutathione treatment (Fig. 1B). Similarly, the increase in harvest index was about 2.4% for P1 with glutathione treatment (GSSG) compared to P1 without glutathione treatment (none), and about 2.5% for P2 with glutathione treatment compared to P2 without glutathione treatment (Fig. 1C).

[0121] When the amount of phosphorus applied was increased (P2 condition), seed weight increased by about 16% compared to the reduced phosphate condition (P1) without glutathione treatment, even in the absence of glutathione treatment (P2 without glutathione treatment).However, when the amount of phosphorus applied was increased and glutathione was treated (P2 with glutathione treatment), seed weight increased by about 46% compared to the P1 without glutathione treatment (Figure 1B and D).

[0122] Furthermore, when the seed weight of P2 without glutathione treatment was taken as 100%, the seed weight of P1 without glutathione treatment was 86.0% (Fig. 1E). In contrast, the seed weight of P1 with glutathione treatment was 104.1%, and the seed weight of P2 with glutathione treatment was 125.6% (Fig. 1E). In general, when the amount of phosphate applied is reduced from the specified amount (under a reduced phosphate environment), the seed weight decreases compared to the case of the specified amount. However, when glutathione treatment was performed, the seed weight was higher than that of the specified amount (under P2 condition) even under reduced phosphate conditions (i.e., under P1 conditions) (Fig. 1B and E).

[0123] Example 2: Effect of oxidized glutathione fertilization on phosphorus content and phosphorus compound content in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf blades Next, the amount of phosphorus compounds in the leaf blade per dry weight of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under the above-mentioned P1 conditions was examined.

[0124] The cultivation method was the same as in Example 1. However, in this experiment, the plants were cultured in water only (Control), 1 mM oxidized glutathione (GSSG) solution, 2 mM reduced glutathione (GSH) solution, or 3 mM ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 The concentrations of the three fertilizers were set to be equal in terms of the amount of nitrogen (N). Ammonium nitrate was used as a control fertilizer that does not contain sulfur (S).

[0125] The phosphoric acid content was measured by the molybdenum coloring method. The phosphorus compound content was measured using a CE-TOFMS (capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometer: Agilent CE-TOFMS system (Agilent Technologies)) in cation and anion modes. The detected peaks were matched against a database based on m / Z and migration time to search for, identify, and quantify phosphorus compounds. For both measurements, plants 4 weeks after sowing were used, and leaf blades were used as samples.

[0126] The samples used in CE-TOFMS were prepared as follows. First, 500 μL of a methanol solution containing the leaf sample and 50 μM of the internal standard was placed in a crushing tube, frozen with liquid nitrogen, and crushed using a tabletop crusher. 500 μL of chloroform and 200 μL of Milli-Q water were added to this, stirred, and centrifuged (2300 × g, 4 ° C, 5 minutes). After centrifugation, the aqueous phase was transferred to one 400 μL ultrafiltration tube (MILLIPORE, Ultrafree MC UFC3 LCC Centrifugal Filter Unit 5 kDa). This was centrifuged (9100×g, 4° C., 120 minutes), and the aqueous phase was subjected to ultrafiltration. The filtrate was dried and dissolved in 50 μL of Milli-Q water for measurement.

[0127] Figures 2 and 3 show the results of investigating the effects of fertilization with oxidized glutathione or reduced glutathione on the phosphate content and phosphorus compound content in Arabidopsis leaf blades. Figure 2 shows the phosphate content in the leaf blades per mg of fresh weight of Arabidopsis. Figure 3 shows the phosphorus compound content in the leaf blades per dry weight of Arabidopsis.

[0128] As shown in Figure 2, the phosphorus content per fresh weight in the leaf blade of Arabidopsis thaliana without glutathione treatment (None) was 9.76 nmol / mg, whereas the content was 11.13 nmol / mg (14% increase) after 1 mM GSSG treatment (the figures in parentheses indicate the percentage increase when the amount of phosphorus compounds in the leaf blade of Arabidopsis thaliana without glutathione treatment is taken as 100%).

[0129] As shown in Figure 3, the phosphorus compound content per dry weight in Arabidopsis leaf blades not treated with glutathione (control) was 306.5 nmol / g. On the other hand, the phosphorus compound content was 342.6 nmol / g (12% increase) in the 1 mM GSSG treatment and 349.5 nmol / g (14% increase) in the 2 mM GSH treatment (the figures in parentheses indicate the percentage increase when the phosphorus compound content in the Arabidopsis leaf blades not treated with glutathione is taken as 100%). On the other hand, the phosphorus compound content per dry weight in the 3 mM NH 4 NO 3 (the equivalent amount of N in GSSG and GSH molecules) was 252.7 nmol (a decrease of 18%).

[0130] Example 3: Effect of oxidized glutathione fertilization on the growth of chrysanthemums in soil fertilized with various concentrations of phosphate (1) We investigated the effect of fertilizing oxidized glutathione on the growth of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum natans), a vegetable of the Asteraceae family, in soil fertilized with various concentrations of phosphoric acid. After sowing, chrysanthemum natans with uniform germination were selected and incubated in an incubator (light period: 14 hours at 20°C / dark period: 10 hours at 15°C, light intensity: approximately 250 μE / m 2It was cultivated in ( / s). As the culture medium, soil formed by stacking vermiculite (Asahi Industry) 2 in the lower layer, Kleha seedling cultivation soil (Kleha) 1 in the middle layer, and vermiculite (Asahi Industry) 1 in the upper layer was used.

[0131] The seeds of Kikuna were sown in a pot filled with soil immersed in water to allow the seeds to absorb water. In this case, the fertilizing phosphorus was only the phosphorus derived from Kleha horticultural soil, and this phosphorus condition was designated as P1.

[0132] Next, regarding the water for immersing the soil, instead of water, 100 mM NaH was added to the soil. 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 By performing bottom watering from the dish, the phosphate fertilizer application amount was increased to 2 times or 4 times that of P1, and these phosphorus conditions were designated as P2 and P4. That is, P1 was the P of 30 mg in the Kleha culture soil content, P2 was the phosphorus buffer equivalent to P1 + P30 mg, P4 was the phosphorus buffer equivalent to P1 + P90 mg, and based on P1, the total phosphorus amount was adjusted so that P2 was 2 times that of P1 and P4 was 4 times that of P1. P1, P2, and P4 (516 mg (phosphoric acid) / 100 g (soil)) were sown and cultivated in the same manner except for the different phosphorus conditions.

[0133] (Phosphoric acid concentration) The concentration conditions of phosphoric acid used in this experiment were based on the following calculations. <P1 (P30 mg) phosphorus concentration condition> Nutrient content per pot (40 mL) of Kleha horticultural soil: N 12 mg, P 30 mg, K 18 mg P amount per dish: P30 mg × 3 pots = 90 mg 90 (mg) / 31 = 2.90 mmol <P2 (P1 + P30 mg) phosphorus concentration condition (2 times the concentration of P1)> At the time of water absorption, 29.0 mL of 100 mM NaH per dish was used. 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 As the base fertilizer, it was given by bottom watering and the phosphorus amount was doubled. Calculation formula: 100 mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 For 2.90 mmol: 2.90 mmol / (100 mmol / L) = 29.0 mL <P4 (P1 + P90 mg) phosphorus concentration condition (4 times the concentration of P1)> During water absorption, 29.0 mL × 3 = 87.0 mL of 100 mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 was used as the base fertilizer and applied by bottom irrigation to quadruple the phosphorus amount.

[0134] Next, for the plants, either only water (None) or a 2 mM oxidized glutathione (GSSG) solution was given. Specifically, one plant per pot of approximately 65 mm (W) × 65 mm (D) × 50 mm (H) was used, and 25 mL of the solution per pot was given to the roots once a week at the timing of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after sowing.

[0135] The fresh weight of pakchoi (one plant per pot) at 7 weeks after sowing in the soil under each phosphate concentration condition with or without GSSG treatment cultivated under the above conditions was measured.

[0136] Figure 4 is a diagram showing the results of examining the effect of fertilization with oxidized glutathione on the growth of pakchoi in soil fertilized with various concentrations of phosphoric acid. As shown in Figure 4, the higher the amount of fertilized phosphoric acid, the better the growth of the plant body.

[0137] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the results of examining the effect of fertilization with oxidized glutathione on the fresh weight of pakchoi in soil fertilized with various concentrations of phosphoric acid. When grown only in Kureha soil (P1), the fresh weight of the non-glutathione-treated (None) was 2.8g, while that of the glutathione-treated (GSSG) was 3.8g, showing an increase of 36%. When the amount of phosphate was doubled (P2), the fresh weight of the non-treated was 3.0g, while that of the glutathione-treated was 5.3g, showing an increase of 77%. When the amount of phosphate was quadrupled (P4), the fresh weight of the non-treated was 2.8g, while that of the glutathione-treated was 5.1g, showing an increase of 82%.

[0138] Example 4: Effect of oxidized glutathione fertilization on the growth of chrysanthemums in soil fertilized with various concentrations of phosphate (2) Using the conditions of P1 in Example 3 above as a standard, the effects of conditions of phosphorus concentrations lower than P1 on the growth of garland chrysanthemum in soil fertilized with phosphorus at various concentrations were examined.

[0139] The cultivation conditions were the same as in Example 3. After sowing, the seeds with uniform germination were selected and then cultivated in an incubator (light period: 14 hours at 20°C / dark period: 10 hours at 15°C, light intensity: approximately 250 μE / m 2 / s).

[0140] Instead of the culture medium of Example 3, soil was used in which vermiculite (Asahi Kogyo) was used for the bottom layer, Kureha horticultural soil (Kureha) for the middle layer, and vermiculite (Asahi Kogyo) for the top layer, with the volume ratio of bottom layer:middle layer:top layer being 7:1:8 (70 mL:10 mL:80 mL).

[0141] Next, remove 100 mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 Or, the soil was inoculated with 100 mM NaHCO3 by subirrigation with water. 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 The plants were immersed in water and the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied was P1, 1 / 2 the amount of P1 (62 mg (phosphate) / 100 g (soil)), or 1 / 4 the amount (31 mg (phosphate) / 100 g (soil)).2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 solution, and 16.9 mg / ml of KNO 3 were added to make the nutrient contents of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) equivalent under any of the conditions of P1, P 1 / 2 , P 1 / 4 . That is, N and K were supplemented so that they would be equivalent under any of the conditions.

[0142] Specifically, P1 is a total of 30 mg of phosphate buffer equivalent to P7.5 mg + P22.5 mg of the P content in Kreha culture soil, P 1 / 2 is 15 mg of phosphate buffer equivalent to P7.5 mg + P7.5 mg of the P content in Kreha culture soil, P 1 / 4 is only 7.5 mg of the P content in Kreha culture soil, with a P amount of 7.5 mg. Based on P1, the total phosphorus amount was adjusted so that P 1 / 2 would be 1 / 2 times that of P1, and P 1 / 4 would be 1 / 4 times that of P1.

[0143] (Phosphoric acid concentration and nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) concentrations) The concentration conditions of phosphoric acid used in this experiment are based on the following calculations. Nutrient content per pot (10 mL) of Kreha horticultural soil: N 3 mg, P 7.5 mg, K 4.5 mg As a supplement per dish, to make up for the difference from the Kreha culture soil (P1) in Example 3 (equivalent to 30 ml of Kreha culture soil), 16.9 mg / ml KNO was added to 30 ml of Kreha culture soil during water absorption. 3 10 ml + 100 mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 21.8 ml was used as the base fertilizer and applied by bottom irrigation to set the phosphorus amount as P1 (P30 mg).

[0144] <P1 (P30 mg) Phosphorus Concentration Condition> Calculation formula: Phosphorus amount per dish: (P30 mg - P content in Kreha soil 7.5 mg) × 3 pots = 67.5 mg 67.5(mg) / 31=2.18mmol 100mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 2.18 mmol: 2.18 mmol / (100 mmol / L) = 21.8 mL N amount per dish: KNO 3 16.9mg / ml×10mL=169mg(N:23.4mg, K:65.3mg) N content per dish: Kureha soil N content 3mg x 3 + 23.4mg = 32.4mg Amount of potassium per dish: K-content of Kureha soil 4.5mg x 3 + 65.3mg = 78.8mg

[0145] <P 1 / 2 (P15mg) Phosphorus concentration conditions (1 / 2 the amount of P1) As a supplement per dish, to make up for the difference with the Kureha culture soil (P1) in Example 3 (30 ml of Kureha culture soil), add 16.9 mg / ml KNO 3 10ml + 100mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 7.3ml was applied as base fertilizer by bottom irrigation to increase phosphorus content. 1 / 2 (P15mg). Calculation formula: Amount of P per dish: (P 15mg - KUREHA soil P content 7.5mg) x 3 pots = 22.5mg 2.5(mg) / 31=0.73mmol 100mM NaH 2 PO 4 / Na 2 HPO 4 0.73mmol: 0.73mmol / (100mmol / L) 7.3ml

[0146] <P 1 / 4 Phosphorus concentration conditions (1 / 4 the amount of P1) As a supplement per dish, to make up for the difference with the Kureha culture soil (P1) in Example 3 (30 ml of Kureha culture soil), add 16.9 mg / ml KNO 3 Apply 10ml + water as base fertilizer by bottom irrigation to increase phosphorus content. 1 / 4 (P 7.5 mg).

[0147] FIG. 6 shows the results of investigating the effect of fertilization of oxidized glutathione on the growth of Garland chrysanthemum in soil fertilized with various concentrations of phosphate under conditions of a phosphate concentration lower than P1.

[0148] Next, the above P1, P 1 / 2 and P 1 / 4 For the Garland chrysanthemum plants grown under the above conditions, plants were sampled 7 weeks after sowing, and the phosphorus content in the leaf blades per unit fresh weight was examined. The phosphorus content was quantified by the molybdenum coloring method, as in the case of Arabidopsis thaliana in Example 2.

[0149] Table 1 below shows the fresh weight of Garland chrysanthemums grown under each P condition in this example.

[0150] [Table 1]

[0151] Figure 7 shows the phosphorus content (Pi content) in the leaf blade per mg of fresh weight of Garland chrysanthemum. None, 0.2, and 1 on the horizontal axis of Figure 7 represent no treatment, 0.2 mM treatment, and 1 mM treatment with GSSG, respectively. As shown in Figure 7, the phosphorus content in the leaf blade was higher in the case of P1 when oxidized glutathione was applied. On the other hand, in the case of P2, the phosphorus content in the leaf blade was higher in the case of P3 when oxidized glutathione was applied. 1 / 2 In the case of the control, no difference was observed in the phosphorus content in the leaf blade between the cases with and without oxidized glutathione application. 1 / 4 In the case of the application of oxidized glutathione, the phosphate content was lower than in the case of its absence.

[0152] Example 5: Effect of oxidized glutathione fertilization on the phosphorus utilization efficiency of garland chrysanthemum Next, using the results of Example 4, the phosphate content per Garland chrysanthemum plant and the phosphorus utilization efficiency were calculated.

[0153] Calculation formula: Phosphate content per plant (μmol Pi / plant) = Phosphate content per mg fresh weight (nmol Pi / mg FW) × fresh weight (mg FW / plant) Phosphorus utilization efficiency (mg FW / nmol Pi) = fresh weight (mg FW / plant) / phosphate content per plant (nmol Pi / plant)

[0154] Figure 8 shows the phosphorus content and phosphorus utilization efficiency per Garland chrysanthemum plant. None, 0.2, and 1 on the horizontal axis of Figure 8 represent no treatment, 0.2 mM treatment, and 1 mM treatment with GSSG, respectively. As shown in Figure 8, the phosphorus content per plant was higher in P1 when oxidized glutathione was applied. On the other hand, in P 1 / 4 As shown in the results of Figures 7 and 8, the phosphate content per individual was lower with oxidized glutathione than without it. 1 / 4 In this study, phosphorus utilization efficiency was improved with oxidized glutathione application compared to without it.

[0155] Example 6: Effect of foliar application of oxidized glutathione on lettuce growth (Experimental Method) Lettuce (variety: Souther) was used in the growth experiment. Seedlings were sown in 200-hole trays (14 ml of soil per seedling) and incubated at approximately 100 μE / m in an incubator. 2The cultivation was carried out for two weeks under conditions of a 16-hour light / 8-hour dark photoperiod and a temperature of 22°C, with light of an intensity of 1000 nm. After that, the plants were transplanted into 9 cm pots (402 ml of soil per plant) and cultivated in a glass greenhouse for two weeks. Cell soil (manufactured by Takii Seed) was used as the soil for both the seedling stage and pot cultivation. The fertilizer components of the cell soil were N (nitrogen) 320 mg / L, P (phosphate) 210 mg / L, and K (potassium) 300 mg / L. There was one plant per cell and pot, and the untreated area and the glutathione-treated area were replicated with 9 plants each.

[0156] Fertilization of oxidized glutathione was performed twice, once in the third week of seedling growth and once in the fourth week of seedling growth (at the time of planting), at 0.25 mmol / L, 0.09 ml / plant / time (100 ml / m 2 The leaves were sprayed at a dose of 100 mg / day. The phosphorus concentration conditions were 1.3 mg / cell when seedlings were grown and 84.3 mg / pot when potted (95 mg (phosphate) / 100 g (soil)).

[0157] The above-ground weight (dry weight) and total phosphorus content of lettuce grown under the above conditions were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. The above-ground weight increased significantly by 9% in the GSSG treatment compared to the control treatment, and the total phosphorus content increased by 20%. This shows that the application of glutathione also improves phosphorus absorption efficiency.

[0158] [Table 2] [Industrial Applicability]

[0159] According to the method of the present invention, the phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of plants can be improved, and therefore the present invention has industrial applicability in a wide range of fields, such as the agricultural field and the food industry field.

Claims

1. A composition for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency of a plant in phosphorus-deficient soil or under phosphorus-deficient conditions, comprising a phosphate absorption enhancer, A composition, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the glutathione or a derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, homoglutathione, carboxypropyl glutathione, dicarboxyethyl glutathione, and esters thereof.

3. 3. The composition of claim 1 or 2, further comprising or used in combination with a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof.

4. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, fused phosphorus, burnt phosphorus, ammonium phosphate, phosphorous acid and organic phosphorus.

5. A method for improving phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in a plant, comprising: The method includes cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer, The method, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

6. 1. A method for reducing the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied to a plant, comprising: Cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer; applying phosphorus fertilizer to a plant; It includes The method, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

7. 1. A method for growing plants in phosphorus deficient soil, comprising: Cultivating a plant in the phosphorus-deficient soil in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer, The method, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

8. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of applying a phosphorus compound or a derivative thereof to the plant.

9. A method for producing a plant with improved phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency, comprising the steps of: Cultivating a plant in the presence of a phosphate absorption enhancer; measuring phosphorus uptake efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency in the plant; It includes The method, wherein the phosphate absorption enhancer is glutathione or a derivative thereof.

10. The method described in claim 9, further comprising a step of selecting, from among the plants cultivated with the application of the phosphate absorption enhancer, plants having improved phosphorus absorption efficiency and / or phosphorus utilization efficiency compared to plants cultivated in the absence of the phosphate absorption enhancer.

11. 10. The method of claim 5, 6 or 9, wherein the step of cultivating the plant comprises cultivating the plant in phosphorus-deficient soil or in phosphorus-deficient conditions.

12. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 11, wherein the glutathione or a derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, homoglutathione, carboxypropyl glutathione, dicarboxyethyl glutathione, and esters thereof.

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