Management System

Abstract

To provide a management system that can manage a gaming-purpose substitute currency owned by a player.SOLUTION: A management system for a gaming-purpose substitute currency (600) comprises a player identification device (601) that is installed at a predetermined location in a casino facility and identifies that a player is at the predetermined location by identifying the player, a database (603) that stores holder information of the gaming-purpose substitute currency, and a management device (602) that refers to the database (603) and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the holder information. The management device (602) determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the combination of the predetermined location where the player identified by the player identification device (601) is located and the holder information stored in the database (603).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 53

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a management system for gaming tokens in casino facilities. [Background technology]

[0002] Facilities (typically casinos) that offer games using gaming tables require players to register as members and issue member cards. Member information (typically, a member ID) that identifies the registered member is stored in the member card. When a player who is a member plays a game at a gaming table, the player hands over the member card to an operator (typically, a dealer at the gaming table, or a pit manager who manages multiple gaming tables including the gaming table). The operator reads the member card with a card scanner. A management device connected to the card scanner identifies the member and stores the playing status of the member (for example, number of plays, win / loss results, bet amount, balance, incentive points, etc.) in association with the member information in a storage means.

[0003] Motivated by the benefits that can be obtained through incentive points, members proactively present their membership cards to the operator before playing. In exchange for giving benefits to members, game providers enjoy the benefits of being able to use information on members' playing status for marketing purposes and also to detect fraudulent activities. DISCLOSURE OF THEINVENTION [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In casino facilities, it is desirable to properly manage gaming tokens held by players.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a management system capable of managing gaming tokens possessed by players. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The management system according to one aspect of the present invention judges whether there is an abnormality in the holder information by referring to a database storing the holder information. This management system is a management system for gaming tokens, and has a configuration including a database storing the holder information of the gaming tokens, and a management device that judges whether there is an abnormality in the holder information by referring to the database.

[0007] The management system may determine an abnormality in a combination of a player's location and the holder information. That is, the management system may further include a player identification device that is installed at a predetermined location in a casino facility and identifies a player, thereby identifying that the player is at the predetermined location, and the management device may determine the presence or absence of an abnormality in a combination between the predetermined location where the player identified by the player identification device is located and the holder information stored in the database.

[0008] The above management system may determine whether or not the take-out rules and / or bring-in rules are being followed at the gate. That is, in the above management system, the player identification device may be installed at the gate of the casino facility and identify that the player is at the gate as the location, and the management device may determine the presence or absence of the abnormality in accordance with the take-out rules and / or bring-in rules for the gaming tokens at the casino facility.

[0009] The management system may be used in a case where taking out is prohibited. That is, in the management system, the management device may determine that the abnormality exists when the player identified as being at the gate is stored in the database as a holder of the gaming token.

[0010] The above management system may be used in a case where a take-out limit is set. That is, in the above management system, the database may further store information on the amount of the gaming tokens, and the management device may refer to the database to identify the amount of the gaming tokens held by the player identified by the player identification device, and determine the abnormality according to the identified amount.

[0011] The management system may determine an abnormality by comparing the declared amount with an amount in a database. That is, in the management system, the management device may compare the amount of the gaming token declared by the player identified by the player identification device with the amount identified by referring to the database, and determine the abnormality based on the comparison result.

[0012] The management system may determine that an abnormality exists when the holder of the database is different from the actual holder. That is, in the management system, the gaming token may have readable identification information, the database may store the holder information of the gaming token in association with the identification information, the management system may further include a player identification device that identifies a player, and a reading device that reads the identification information of the gaming token held by the player identified by the player identification device, and the management device may determine that the abnormality exists when the player identified by the player identification device and the identification information read by the reading device are not associated in the database.

[0013] The management system may determine an abnormality based on the possession time. That is, in the management system, the database may store, as the information on the holder, possession time information indicating the time when the holder acquired the gaming token or the duration of possession, and the management device may determine the presence or absence of an abnormality in the possession time information.

[0014] The management system may determine that there is an abnormality when the possession time is too long. That is, in the management system, the management device may determine that there is an abnormality when the continuous possession time of the same owner obtained from the possession time information exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0015] The management system may determine an abnormality in the history of the holder. That is, in the management system, the database may store the history of the holder as information about the holder, and the management device may determine an abnormality in the history of the holder.

[0016] The management system may determine that an abnormality exists when the same holder holds too many tokens. That is, in the management system, the management device may determine that an abnormality exists when the number of tokens held by the same holder is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value.

[0017] One embodiment of the management system of the present invention is a management system in a facility that provides games using a gaming table having a play position, and is configured to include a member's card having a card RFID tag embedded therein that stores member information, and a card RFID reader that is provided at the play position of the gaming table and reads the member information from the card RFID tag.

[0018] With this configuration, the member information stored in the member's card is read at the play position, so the member does not need to hand the member's card over to the dealer, and the dealer does not need to operate the member's card, and the management system can grasp which member is at which play position.

[0019] The above management system may further include a chip determination device that determines chip identification information of the payout chip paid out to the play position, a storage medium that stores the member information and the chip identification information of the chip owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other, and a control device that stores the member information read at the play position and the chip identification information of the payout chip determined at the play position in association with each other in the storage medium.

[0020] With this configuration, it is possible to store to which member the chips have been paid out, so that it is possible to know which player has which chips.

[0021] The above management system may further include a chip determination device that determines the value of the payout chip to be paid out to the play position, a storage medium that stores the member information and the value of the chip owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other, and a control device that stores the member information read at the play position and the value of the payout chip determined at the play position in association with each other in the storage medium.

[0022] With this configuration, it is possible to store which member has been paid out chips and what value they have received, so that the value of chips held by each member can be known.

[0023] The above management system may further include a storage medium that stores the member information in association with the bet amount corresponding to the member information, a chip determination device that determines chip identification information of the bet chip bet at the play position, a database that stores the correspondence between the chip identification information and the value of the bet chip, and a control device that refers to the database to determine the value corresponding to the chip identification information determined at the play position and updates the bet amount associated with the member information stored in the storage medium for the member information read at the play position based on the value.

[0024] This configuration makes it possible to store which member has bet how much, and this bet amount can be used as incentive points for that member, for example.

[0025] The above management system may further include a storage medium that stores the member information in association with a bet amount corresponding to the member information, a chip determination device that determines the value of a bet chip bet at the play position, and a control device that updates the bet amount associated with the member information stored in the storage medium for the member information read at the play position based on the value of the bet chip determined at the play position.

[0026] This configuration also makes it possible to store information about how much each member has bet. This bet amount can be used, for example, as incentive points for the member.

[0027] The above management system may further include a chip determination device that determines chip identification information of a reserve chip not betted at the play position, a storage medium that stores the member information and the chip identification information of the chip owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other, and a control device that stores the member information read at the play position and the chip identification information of the reserve chip determined at the play position in association with each other in the storage medium.

[0028] With this configuration, even if a member is not stored or not definitely stored as the holder of a reserve chip that the member possesses, by placing the reserve chip in the play position, the member information of the member can be associated with the holder of the chip. Also, if there is a discrepancy in the holder, this can be discovered, and by recording such a discrepancy, cheating can also be discovered.

[0029] The above management system may further include a chip determination device that determines the value of reserve chips not betted at the play position, a storage medium that stores the member information and the value of the chips owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other, and a control device that stores the member information read at the play position in association with the value of the reserve chips determined at the play position in the storage medium.

[0030] With this configuration, even if a member is not stored or not definitely stored as the holder of a reserve chip that the member possesses, by placing the reserve chip in the play position, the member information of the member can be associated with the holder of the chip. Also, if there is a discrepancy in the holder, this can be discovered, and by recording such a discrepancy, cheating can be discovered.

[0031] In the above management system, the chip identification information of the chip may be stored in a chip RFID tag built into the chip, and the chip determination device and the card RFID reader may be the same device, which may read the chip RFID tag and the card RFID tag.

[0032] With this configuration, the member's card can be read using a device for reading bet chips.

[0033] In the above management system, the value of the chip may be stored in a chip RFID tag built into the chip, and the chip determination device and the card RFID reader may be the same device, which may read the chip RFID tag and the card RFID tag.

[0034] With this configuration, the member's card can also be read using a device for reading bet chips.

[0035] In the above management system, when one card RFID reader simultaneously reads multiple pieces of member information from multiple member cards, the control device may associate the multiple pieces of member information read with the chip identification information and store them in the storage medium.

[0036] With this configuration, when there are a plurality of pieces of member information to be associated with chip identification information, they can be associated with the chip identification information.

[0037] In the above management system, the storage medium may be provided in the chip, may be provided in the membership card, or may be provided in a database capable of communicating with the card RFID reader and the chip determination means.

[0038] In the above management system, the playing position may be provided with a card RFID reader for a sitting player and a card RFID reader for a back bet player.

[0039] With this configuration, it is possible to grasp the member information of back bet players as well.

[0040] In the above management system, the member's card may include a regular member's card in which member information specific to a registered member is stored in the card RFID tag, and a non-regular member's card in which temporary member information is stored in the card RFID tag.

[0041] With this configuration, even unregistered players who have not registered as members can be managed using the member's card.

[0042] In the above management system, the non-regular membership cards may have different provisional member information stored in the card RFID tags.

[0043] With this configuration, chips owned by unregistered players can also be managed.

[0044] In the above management system, the gaming table may have a plurality of the play positions, and the card RFID reader may be provided at each of the plurality of play positions.

[0045] With this configuration, even if there are multiple play positions on a gaming table, it is possible to identify members for each play position. Effect of the Invention

[0046] According to the present invention, the member information stored in the member's card is read at the play position, so the player does not need to hand the member's card over to the dealer, and the dealer does not need to operate the member's card, and the management system can grasp which player is at which play position. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0047] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of the entire table game management system according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of a database according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an RFID tag included in a game token according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a method for recording data on game tokens according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an overview of the entire management system for game tokens according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a reading device and a writing device for game tokens according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7A]FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram showing a data structure of a game token according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing the data structure of game tokens according to another second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a database according to another second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an overview of the entire management system for table games in a gaming facility having a plurality of gaming tables according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of chip reading by a camera and an RFID according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a gaming table according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the state of gaming tokens bet on a gaming table according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the state of gaming tokens bet on a gaming table according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14A] FIG. 14A is a diagram showing details of a chip tray according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14B] FIG. 14B is a diagram showing another example of the chip tray according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a diagram of a gaming table according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the results of reading a chip by a camera and an RFID according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a diagram of a gaming table according to another third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a diagram of a gaming table according to another third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a diagram of a gaming table according to another third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20]FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a game token according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a game token according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a game token according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a first example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a first example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a first example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a first example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a second example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a third example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a third example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 30] FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a third example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a third example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 32] FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a fourth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 33] FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a fifth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 34] FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a sixth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 35]FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a sixth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 36] FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a sixth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 37] FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a sixth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 38] FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a sixth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 39] FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a seventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 40] FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a seventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 41] FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a seventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 42] FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a seventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 43] FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a seventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 44] FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating a database in a seventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 45] FIG. 45 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to an eighth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. [Figure 46] FIG. 46 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management system according to a ninth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 47] FIG. 47 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a ninth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 48] FIG. 48 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a ninth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 49] FIG. 49 is a diagram illustrating an example of updating variation information in a ninth example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 50] FIG. 50 is a diagram showing an example of a bet area in an eleventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 51A] FIG. 51A is a diagram showing another example of the bet area in the eleventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 51B] FIG. 51B is a diagram showing another example of the bet area in the eleventh example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 52] FIG. 52 is a diagram showing a configuration of a management system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 53] FIG. 53 is a diagram showing a configuration of a management system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Embodiment

[0048] (First embodiment) The overall outline of the table game management system according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the overall outline of the system. A gaming table 1004 for a baccarat game has betting areas for a player 1441, a banker 1442, a tie 1443, a player pair 1444, and a banker pair 1445 for each of player positions 1131 to 1135. A chip placement area 1025 is provided for each player position, and a chip reader 1002 is provided for reading the RFID of a gaming token 1001 placed in the chip placement area.

[0049] Furthermore, within each chip placement area 1025, there is a pay area 1026 for placing the gaming tokens 1001 taken out from the chip tray 1009 of the gaming table 1004 when the dealer pays out the gaming tokens 1001 from the chip tray 1009 to the winning player.

[0050] The device further includes a control device 1003 for grasping the results of reading the RFID of the gaming token 1001 read by the chip reader 1002 .

[0051] First, a player who joins a game bets a gaming token 1001 in a betting area within a chip arrangement area. The chip reader 1002 reads the RFID of the bet gaming token 1001, and the control device 1003 obtains information about the holder of the gaming token 1001, which is associated in the database with the ID information of the RFID.

[0052] If the casino wins based on the game result, the dealer collects the gaming tokens 1001 bet by the losing players and places them in a chip tray 1009. The RFID of the gaming tokens 1001 in the chip tray 1009 is detected by a chip reader 1002, and a control device 1003 records in a database that the holder of the gaming tokens 1001 collected by the casino is the casino.

[0053] Based on the result of the game, the dealer pays out to the winning player gaming tokens 1001 from the chip tray in an amount corresponding to the amount of the bet chips, in accordance with the rules of the game.

[0054] When making a payment, the payment chip may be placed in the pay area 1026 described above, or in a chip placement area other than the pay area.

[0055] Here, a method for recording information on the holder of a payment chip will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows a method for recording information on the holder of a gaming token 1001 when a chip is paid to a winning player.

[0056] When multiple players place betting chips in the same player position, resulting in two or more stacks, the chip reader 1002 reads all of the gaming tokens 1001 placed in the chip placement area 1025 at once, and therefore acquires the ID 1010 of the bet gaming tokens during the game without knowing which gaming token 1001 belongs to which player. After the outcome of the game is determined, when making a payment to the winning player, the dealer pays out from the chip tray 1009 for each player (each stack). The gaming tokens 1001 removed from the chip tray 1009 are placed in the chip placement area 1025. The chip reader 1002 reads the ID 1011 of the payment chips placed in the chip placement area 1025.

[0057] The winning player receives the paid-out gaming token 1001 together with the initially bet gaming token 1001. At this time, the betting chip and payment chip in question move out of the chip placement area 1025, so the IDs of the betting chip and payment chip in question disappear from the reading result by the chip reading device 1002. As a result, the control device 1003 determines to which player the paid-out payment chip has been paid out by associating it with information about the holder of the betting chip in question.

[0058] The control device 1003 stores information regarding the holder of the identified payment chip in a database in association with the ID of the gaming token.

[0059] As a result of the above, it becomes possible to trace the holder of the gaming token 1001, and if there is any fraudulent transfer of the gaming token 1001, it becomes possible to discover that the holder information stored in the database differs from the actual holder.

[0060] In addition, the actual owner can be identified by using facial recognition technology or an ID such as a membership card.

[0061] In addition, in the above explanation, the ID of each gaming token is managed on a database, but the gaming token 1001 itself may store holder information.

[0062] In addition, the above-mentioned pay area 1026 may be provided for each player position, or may be configured as an area independent of each player position, and reading by the chip reader 1002 may be performed independently.

[0063] Furthermore, the configuration may be such that it is possible to select whether or not to use the pay area 1026 depending on the reading performance of the chip reader 1002.

[0064] Furthermore, this table game management system is also linked to an RFID reader that reads the chips in the chip tray 1009 using RFID, a camera that reads betting chips, and a winning / losing result determination device such as a shoe that determines the outcome of the game, and may be configured to enable the information to be used mutually.

[0065] (Second embodiment) First, a gaming token used in a gaming token management system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 3 shows a gaming token 1 used in the system. In the figure, an RFID tag 2 capable of storing various information is embedded in the gaming token 1. The RFID tag 2 has an area 21 where data cannot be rewritten and an area 22 where data can be rewritten.

[0066] The area 21 where data cannot be rewritten stores, as fixed information 3, information that does not change, or information that does not change, or information that must not be changed while the gaming token 1 is being used. Specifically, production information, product information, casino information, amount information, serial number, etc. of the gaming token 1 are stored as the fixed information 3. The production information includes the date and time when the gaming token was manufactured, the manufacturing machine, etc., while the product information includes, for example, information indicating that the token is a chip for the VIP area of ​​a casino and information indicating the type of chip (for example, information indicating that the chip is a rolling chip or a cash chip), etc.

[0067] The area 21 where data cannot be rewritten may be an area where writing is functionally impossible due to the specifications of the RFID tag, or it may be an area that is locked so that data cannot be written after the necessary information is written in an area where data can be written.

[0068] The rewritable data area 22 stores information that changes while the gaming token 1 is being used as variable information 4. For example, as shown in Fig. 3, location-related information 220 including information 221 about date and time, information 222 about place and event, and information 223 about the holder is stored as the variable information 4.

[0069] The fixed information 3 and the variable information 4 may be encrypted to prevent unauthorized reading or writing of the information by others, and may be stored as metadata.

[0070] Fig. 4 shows an example of a method for recording data of the variable information 4 of the gaming token 1. As shown in Fig. 4, location-related information 220 consisting of date and time, time information 221, place, event information 222, and holder information 223 is treated as one block, and the information of the block is linked in a chain so that the history of the information 220 regarding the location of the gaming token 1 can be grasped.

[0071] Figure 4 shows an example of the variable information 4 stored in the gaming token 1, from which the following movements of the gaming token 1 can be understood. At 16:02 on January 28, 2019, Mr. A exchanges cash for the gaming token 1 in cage 5. At 16:15 on the same day, Mr. A places a bet using the gaming token 1 at table No. 325. At 16:43 on the same day, Mr. B receives the gaming token 1 as redemption money for winning a bet at table No. 325. At 17:01 on the same day, Mr. B leaves the casino with the gaming token 1.

[0072] The variable information 4 may be configured to store only the latest information, or may store all written location-related information. Also, as shown in FIG. 4, some of the location-related information may be selected and stored. When some information is selected and stored, information on a plurality of locations may be stored, including at least the latest location-related information 220 of all location-related information 220. With the above configuration, the usage or movement history of a certain gaming token 1 can be known from the variable information 4 of the gaming token 1. In other words, the traceability information of the gaming token 1 is written in the gaming token 1 itself, making it possible to understand the information.

[0073] Next, a management system for the gaming token 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. Figure 5 shows an overview of the entire system.

[0074] First, at the factory 6, the writing device 14 writes variable information 4 including information on completion of production or shipment from the factory as location-related information 220 into the data-rewritable area 22 of the RFID tag 2.

[0075] The gaming token 1 shipped from the factory 6 is accepted in the casino's backyard 7. In the backyard 7, the reading device 13 reads the variable information 4 stored in the area 22 where data of the gaming token 1 can be rewritten, and based on the reading result, the management control device 15 judges whether location information 220 indicating that the information was written in the factory 6 has been written as the latest variable information 4, as information that should have been written. If there is no writing record in the factory 6, an error signal is generated as the gaming token suspected of being fraudulent. This makes it possible for the casino to refuse to accept the gaming token or to request an investigation from the factory. If there is no problem with the writing record, the writing device 14 writes location information 220 indicating the backyard in the area 22 where data of the RFID tag 2 can be rewritten. When writing, location information indicating the backyard may be written in addition to location information indicating the factory, or location information indicating the backyard may be written by deleting location information indicating the factory. Furthermore, the reading and writing of gaming tokens in the backyard 7 described above can also be performed in conjunction with the normal validation and activation work of the gaming tokens.

[0076] The gaming token 1 that has completed the receiving inspection in the back yard 7 is transported to the casino's warehouse 8 or cage 9. In the warehouse 8 or cage 9, the reading device 13 reads the variable information 4 stored in the data rewritable area 22 of the gaming token 1, and based on the reading result, the management control device 15 judges whether location information 220 indicating that the information was written in the back yard 7 has been written as the latest variable information 4, as information that should have been written. In addition, it may also be inspected whether information indicating the factory 6 has been written in the history of the variable information 4. The management control device 15 judges whether there is an abnormality in the location information history, as in the inspection in the back yard 7 described above. If there is no problem in the reading result, the writing device 14 writes location information 22 indicating the warehouse 8 or cage 9 in the data rewritable area 22.

[0077] A player purchases gaming tokens 1 in a cage 9. When a player purchases gaming tokens 1, a writing device 14 in the cage 9 writes, as variable information 4, the time when the gaming tokens were purchased and information indicating that the holder of the gaming tokens has changed from the casino to a customer. Players may be identified and recorded using face recognition technology or ID cards such as casino member cards or My Number cards.

[0078] A player uses the gaming token 1 that has been converted into cash to place a bet in a betting area 11 at a gaming table. The reader 13 reads location-related information 220, consisting of date and time information 221, location and event information 222, and holder information 223, from the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 1 that has been bet, and the management control device 15 judges whether there is an abnormality. For example, if a certain period of time has passed since the date and time of the last written information on use at the gaming table or information on conversion to cash in the cage, or if the holder information 223 stored in the gaming token 1 differs from the holder information 223 identified by face authentication or an ID card, it can be judged that there is an abnormality.

[0079] If there is no problem with the read result, the writing device 14 writes location-related information 220 to the data rewritable area 22 for the bet gaming token 1. The location-related information 220 includes date and time information 221, location and event information 222, and holder information 223. At the table, for example, the writing device 14 writes variable information 4 including the player position number where the gaming token 1 is placed and player information. The player information may be identified by an ID card or face recognition. Usually, multiple gaming tokens 1 are stacked and placed in the betting area 11, so writing is performed collectively while they are stacked.

[0080] When a player takes gaming token 1 out of the casino floor, the player performs an exit process at gate 10. When exiting, location information 220 is read by reading device 13, and management control device 15 determines whether there is an abnormality in variable information 4. Also, at gate 10, writing device 14 writes variable information 4 including location and event information 222 indicating the exit, and holder information 223.

[0081] When a player brings in a gaming token 1 that he or she has previously taken out when entering the casino floor, information regarding its location is read by the reading device 13, and the management control device 15 judges whether there is an abnormality in the variable information 4. For example, if the holder of a gaming token 1 once taken out of the casino is different from the holder at the time of leaving the casino and the holder at the time of entering, it can be determined that the gaming token has been handed over outside the casino.

[0082] The above-mentioned management control device 15 may output an alarm to the cage 9 or gate 10 when the judgment based on the reading result of the reader 13 is abnormal. When the holder of the gaming token 1 exchanges it for cash in the cage 9 or when he / she leaves through the gate 10, the management control device 15 may refuse the exchange based on the alarm outputted by the management control device 15, or may perform an individual check at the time of exit. In addition, when the judgment result is abnormal, the management control device 15 may issue a warning to the dealer of each gaming table to suspend the game, or issue a warning to the pit, and the pit manager may decide to suspend or continue the game, or to take measures such as exchanging the gaming token 1. Alternatively, the management control device 15 may be connected to the overall management control device 18 of the casino and may be configured to issue a warning to the overall management control device 18.

[0083] Similarly, the management control device 15 may read the variable information 4 by the reading device 13 when cashing in the cage, and determine whether there is an abnormality. Specifically, it may determine whether there is an abnormality when a certain period of time has passed since the date and time of the last written information on use at the gaming table or information on cashing in the cage, or when a person other than the holder information 223 stored in the gaming token 1 is attempting to cash it. If an abnormality is determined, the management control device 15 may output a warning and refuse to cash the gaming token 1 determined to be abnormal.

[0084] In the above description, reading is performed by the reader 13, and after the management control device makes a decision, writing is performed by the writer 14. However, reading and writing may be performed simultaneously.

[0085] In the following, details of an embodiment of the application of the present invention are given.

[0086] In the factory 6, when production is completed or when the product is shipped, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written. A writing device 14 writes production information and product information as fixed information 3, and, if necessary, locks the information so that it cannot be rewritten, and also writes variable information 4.

[0087] In the back yard 6, when the gaming token 1 shipped from the factory is received and activated as a usable gaming token 1, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written.

[0088] In the warehouse 8, when the gaming token 1 is moved from the warehouse 8 to the cage 9 or when the gaming token 1 is moved from the cage 9 to the warehouse 8, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written. Alternatively, the RFID tag 2 may be read and / or written for the gaming token 1 stored in the warehouse 8 at regular intervals or at a predetermined timing.

[0089] The cage 9 reads and / or writes the RFID tag 2 when the coin is moved to or from the warehouse 8, and when the gaming token 1 is exchanged for customer cash. When the exchange is performed in the cage 9, the variable information 4 is written as the holder information 223, including the location of the exchange, event information 222, and information about the player who performed the exchange. The holder information 223 can be obtained from the player's casino ID card, a face authentication system, a credit card, etc.

[0090] At the gate 10, when a player enters or leaves, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written. When a player leaves, the location and event information 222 indicating the taking out and the holder information 223 indicating the player taking out are written as variable information 4 for all gaming tokens 1 that the player takes out, and registration is performed, and when a player enters, the location and event information 222 indicating the bringing in and the holder information 223 indicating the player taking in are written as variable information 4 for the gaming tokens 1 that the player takes in, and registration is performed.

[0091] In the betting area 11, the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 1 placed in the betting area 11 by the player to participate in a bet is read and / or written. Also, the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 1 placed in the betting area 11 by the dealer as redemption money for the player is read and / or written.

[0092] In the chip tray 12, reading and / or writing of the RFID tags 2 is performed for the gaming tokens 1 collected in the chip tray and the gaming tokens 1 stored therein.

[0093] The gaming table further includes a payment area, which may read and / or write the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 1 placed in the betting area 11 by the dealer as redemption money for the player.

[0094] The management control device 15 has a function of judging whether there is an abnormality in the location-related information 220 obtained from the reading result of the reading device 13 at each location. In judging whether there is an abnormality, it can judge whether there is any of the following events: the information has not been used for a predetermined period or more since the last time it was written, or the information on the location that should have been written has not been written.

[0095] Events that have not been used for a specified period of time since the last write are 1) The latest location information is information indicating cage 9, and the next information was written more than a predetermined time ago; 2) The latest location information indicates entry at gate 10, and the next information has been written more than a certain amount of time ago. 3) The most recent location information indicates an exit at Gate 10, and the next information has been written more than a certain amount of time ago. This is one of the following situations.

[0096] The event where the information regarding the location that should have been written is not written is as follows: 4) When entering an arcade, information indicating exit at gate 10 is not written as information regarding the latest location of data in data rewritable area 22 of gaming token 1. 5) When used in the cage 9, no information indicating the backyard 7 is written. 6) When leaving the playground, no information indicating the cage 9 or the backyard 7 is written. This is one of the following situations.

[0097] The management control device 15 determines whether an abnormality exists based on the information 223 about the holder obtained from the reader 13 as follows: 1) A person other than the last owner stored in the data rewritable area 22 exchanges the gaming token 1 for cash or change in the gaming arcade, or leaves the gaming arcade. 2) A person other than the person who possessed the token at the time of exiting the arcade and whose data is stored in the rewritable data area 22 brings the token into the arcade. It is possible to determine either of the above situations.

[0098] The management control device 15 determines whether an abnormality occurs based on the information indicating the location of the betting area 11, the information indicating the location of the chip tray 12, or the information indicating the payment area obtained from the reading device 13, as follows: 1) A person other than the last holder of the gaming token 1 stored in the data rewritable area 22 uses the gaming token 1 at a gaming table. 2) A person other than the person who purchased the gaming token 1 at the cage 9 exchanges the gaming token 1, which has no record of use at a gaming table, for cash at the cage 9. 3) A gaming token 1 that does not have information indicating a cage 9 or a backyard 7 is used in an amusement facility. 4) The latest location information is information indicating the betting area 11 or the payment area, and after a predetermined period of time, the information is exchanged for cash in the cage 9 or used at the gaming table. Determine whether the situation is one of 1) to 4) above.

[0099] 8 shows a database according to another embodiment of the present invention. The management system further includes a database 17 that records the gaming token 1 as well as the similar fixed information 3 and variable information 4. The management control device 15 records information in the database 17 based on the reading result of the reading device 13, and can compare the fixed information 3 and variable information 4 stored in the gaming token 1 with the information in the database to determine whether there is an abnormality.

[0100] In the RFID tag 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the functionally unwritable area of ​​the unrewritable area 21 may be a TID. The area that is locked to prevent data writing after necessary information is written in the unrewritable area 21 may be an EPC or a user area. The rewritable area 22 may be an EPC or a user area.

[0101] The reader 13 and the writer 14 may take different forms depending on the location. For example, in the factory 6, they are on a stand as shown in FIG. 6, while at the gate 10 they are box-shaped, and in the betting area 11 and the chip tray 12, the betting area 11 and the chip tray 12 themselves may have the functions of the reader 13 and the writer 14. The gaming tokens 1 may be stacked as they are, or may be read and written in a state where they are stored in a chip case or the like. The reader 13 and the writer 14 may be integrated.

[0102] In the above embodiment, a case has been described in which a gaming token has one RFID tag, and the single RFID tag has an area where data cannot be written and an area where data can be rewritten. Alternatively, a gaming token may have two RFID tags, one of which stores fixed information and is locked so that data cannot be written to it, and the other RFID tag records variable information and is made rewritable.

[0103] However, in this case, when multiple gaming tokens are read at once, the information group of fixed information 3 and the information group of variable information 4 are read separately, as shown in Figure 7A, so that it is not possible to determine the combination of fixed information and variable information of a specific gaming token, and it is not possible to identify gaming tokens with abnormalities in the variable information.

[0104] In contrast, in the case of a single RFID tag, as shown in Figure 7B, even when multiple gaming tokens are read at once, the mutual correspondence between the fixed information and variable information read by the reading device can be understood, so it is considered better to use a single RFID tag.

[0105] Generally, the larger the diameter of an RFID tag, the higher the reading accuracy, so when placing an RFID tag in a gaming token, it is desirable for the RFID tag to have a diameter at least equal to or greater than the radius of the gaming token, but placing two RFID tags in a gaming token makes the diameter of each RFID tag smaller, which is undesirable. Also, placing two RFID tags increases the number of RFID tags to be read, which leads to a decrease in reading speed when reading multiple gaming tokens.

[0106] For these reasons, it is believed that using a single RFID tag would be more effective.

[0107] (Third embodiment) The following is an overview of the entire management system for table games in a gaming facility having multiple gaming tables according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the overall overview of the system, and the management system for table games in a gaming facility having multiple gaming tables 2004 includes a game recorder 2011 that records games played on the gaming tables 2004 as images using multiple cameras 2002, including the gaming tokens 1, an image analyzer 2012 that performs image analysis of the recorded images, a chip reader 25 that reads the RFID tag attached to the gaming tokens 1, and a game result determiner 18 that determines and displays the game results of each game on the gaming tables 2004.

[0108] The game result determination device 18 is, for example, a card distribution device 2003, which is a so-called electronic shoe already used by those skilled in the art. The rules of the game are preprogrammed, and the device is structured to be able to read the information of the cards C that are distributed and determine the outcome of the game. For example, in a baccarat game, the banker's win, the player's win, and a tie (draw) are basically determined by the ranks of two or three cards, and the determination result (win or loss result) is displayed on the result display lamp 2013.

[0109] In the figure, the gaming table 2004 is a table for Baccarat, and has five sitting numbers 13 ("sitting number 1" 131, "sitting number 2" 132, "sitting number 3" 133, "sitting number 5" 134, and "sitting number 6" 135), and five game participants can participate in the game. A betting area 44 is provided for each sitting number 13. The betting area 44 for the sitting number 13 includes areas for a player (PLAYER) 441, a banker (BANKER) 442, a tie (TIE) 443, a player pair (P) 444, and a banker pair (B) 445. Each game participant places a bet by placing gaming tokens 1 of the amount to be bet in a position corresponding to the object to be bet on. 9, for example, two gaming tokens 1 are placed and bet on a tie 443 of the gaming token sitting number 5, and two gaming tokens 1 are placed and bet on a player 441. The gaming table 2004 is further provided with a player card area 45 on which drawn player cards are placed, and a banker card area 46 on which drawn banker cards are placed.

[0110] The control device 2014 can grasp, via the camera 2002 and the image analysis device 2012, on which position (player, banker, tie, or pair) each player 2006 has bet the gaming tokens 1 in the betting area 2008, the type of gaming tokens 1 bet (different values ​​are assigned to each color of the gaming tokens 1) and the number of tokens. That is, the control device 2014 can grasp, for example, that two gaming tokens 1 have been bet on the sitting number 5, tie 443, and two gaming tokens 1 have been bet on the player 441.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 9, the chip reader 25 is arranged so that the entire betting area is treated as one reading area for each sitting number and the RFIDs of the gaming tokens 1 in the reading area can be read collectively. Unique ID information, the amount, type, manufacturing information, and holder information of the gaming token 1 are written in the RFID attached to the gaming token 1. Alternatively, the ID information and the amount, type, manufacturing information, and holder information of the gaming token 1 may be stored in a database in association with each other. The chip reader 25 can grasp the gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number by reading the RFID attached to the gaming token 1, and can grasp the total amount or number of tokens. That is, for example, four gaming tokens are bet on sitting number 5, and the type, amount, and ID of each can be grasped.

[0112] 10, the control device 2014 grasps the total amount or total number of gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number from the type and number of gaming tokens 1 bet in each bet area for each sitting number based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device 2012, compares it with the total amount or total number of gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number based on the RFID information of the gaming tokens 1 read by the chip reading device 25, and judges whether they match. Furthermore, it can output sitting numbers for which the above judgment does not match, and can identify problematic sitting numbers.

[0113] When the total amount or the total number of gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reader 25 is less than the total amount or the total number of gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analyzer 2012, it is possible that the RFID attached to the gaming tokens 1 is broken, the RFID is unreadable, or the gaming tokens 1 do not have an RFID attached. In FIG. 10, the total number of readings based on the image analysis result by the image analyzer 2012 for the gaming tokens 1 bet on sitting number 1 is 4, whereas the total number of readings based on the reading of the RFID by the chip reader 25 is 3. Therefore, it is possible that the RFID of one of the four gaming tokens 1 bet on sitting number 1 was unreadable.

[0114] When the total amount or the total number of gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reader 25 is greater than the total amount or the total number of gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analyzer 2012, it is possible that the image analyzer 2012 was unable to read the gaming tokens 1 due to factors such as the gaming tokens 1 being in the blind spot of the camera. In FIG. 10, the total number of readings based on the image analysis result by the image analyzer 2012 for the gaming tokens 1 bet on sitting number 3 is 1, whereas the total number of readings based on the RFID reading by the chip reader 25 is 2. Therefore, it is possible that although there were two gaming tokens 1 bet on sitting number 3, the image analyzer 2012 was only able to recognize one.

[0115] The RFID ID information attached to the gaming token 1 is registered in the casino's database, which records information on production and shipping at the factory, and information on receipt, validation, and activation at the casino. The control device 2014 can compare the RFID information read by the chip reader 25 with information in the database and determine whether it is authentic or not, i.e., whether it is registered as something to be used in the casino.

[0116] With this configuration, the camera can grasp the type and number of gaming tokens 1 bet in each betting area, and based on the RFID information of the gaming tokens 1 read by the chip reading device 25, it is possible to determine the authenticity of the gaming tokens 1 and whether they are defective gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number.

[0117] The system further includes a player identification means using a face recognition system or a player ID card, and the control device 2014 can link player information identified by the player identification means with a sitting number. The control device 2014 can store, for each player, the bet amount, redemption or recovery amount, and win / loss information stored for each sitting number. Also, information on a player playing multiple games at multiple tables can be collectively stored.

[0118] The control device 2014 can determine the total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 of the dealer 2005 of the gaming table 2004 using the chip tray determination device 12, and after the game is over and settlement is made, can compare and calculate whether the total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 has increased or decreased according to the result of the game win or loss, depending on the recovery of the losing gaming tokens 1 bet by each player 2006 and the amount of the winning chips 9W paid to the winning player 2006W. The chip tray determination device may grasp the total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 by photographing the gaming tokens 1 stored in the chip tray 17 using the camera 2002 and analyzing the image analysis device 2012, or may detect the total amount of gaming tokens 1 stored in the chip tray 17 by providing an RFID reader in the chip tray 17.

[0119] In this example, fraud or mistakes are detected based on the outcome of the game, information on how many of what type of gaming tokens 1 were bet and at what position in the betting area 2008 (player, banker, tie, pair), and the increase or decrease in the amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 after the losing chips have been collected and the winning gaming tokens 1 have been redeemed. Therefore, fraud or mistakes can be detected without knowing the movement of the gaming tokens 1 after the game ends, i.e., whether the bet gaming tokens 1 have moved to the player's side or the dealer's side.

[0120] Here, in the case of baccarat, for example, the outcome of the game can be determined in accordance with the rules of baccarat by reading the rank of the card C played in the game in the card dealing device 2003. The outcome of the game can also be determined by taking a picture of the game table 2004 with the camera 2002, analyzing the image with the image analyzing device 2012, and comparing the analysis result with the rules of the game in the control device 2014. In this case, the camera 2002, the image analyzing device 2012, and the control device 2014 constitute a game result determining device. Information on the player of each sitting number 7, what type of gaming token 1, and how many coins have been bet on which position (player, banker, tie, player pair, banker pair) in the betting area 2008 can be obtained by taking a picture of the gaming token 1 placed in the betting area 2008 with the camera 2002 and analyzing the image for each playing position 7 with the image analyzing device 2012.

[0121] In addition, the increase or decrease in the amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 before and after the collection of losing gaming tokens 1 and the redemption of winning gaming tokens 1 can be calculated by comparing the total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 before the collection of losing gaming tokens 1 and the redemption of winning gaming tokens 1 with the total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 after the collection of losing gaming tokens 1 and the redemption of winning gaming tokens 1.

[0122] For example, let us assume that the total amount of the gaming tokens 1 on the chip tray 17 before the start of the game is Bb, and that the total amount of the gaming tokens 1 on the chip tray 17 after the game is over and the collection of the losing chips and the redemption of the winning chips is Ba. In addition, let us assume that in this game, the total amount of the gaming tokens 1 on all the play positions 7 bet on the player area is bp, the total amount of the gaming tokens 1 on all the play positions 7 bet on the banker area is bb, and the total amount of the gaming tokens 1 on all the play positions 7 bet on the tie area is bt. For example, if the outcome of this game is a win for the banker, Ba-Bb=bp-bb+bt should be established. Alternatively, the total amount of the gaming tokens 1 on the chip tray 17 after the game is over should be (Bb+bp-bb+bt). If this is not the case, it can be determined that there has been fraud or a mistake in the collection or redemption of the chips.

[0123] FIG. 14A is a diagram showing details of the chip tray of this embodiment, and FIG. 14B is a diagram showing another example of the chip tray. The chip tray 17 is provided with a collection chip tray 171 for collecting and temporarily storing the gaming tokens 1L bet by the losing player 2006L, and a redemption chip tray 172 for storing the gaming tokens 1W to be redeemed. The image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 grasp the position, type, and number of the gaming tokens 1L bet by the losing player 2006L, and calculate the increase in the gaming tokens 1L in the game (the amount of the gaming tokens 1 that should be in the collection chip tray 171). Furthermore, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 grasp the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 171 after collection, and compare the actual total amount with the actual total amount to determine whether there is a difference.

[0124] The control device 2014 can further perform redemption for the gaming tokens 1 to be redeemed, and when redemption is complete, compare the total amount that should be in the chip tray based on the amount of chips to be redeemed for the game, which is calculated from the position, type and number of chips bet by each game player at the gaming table and the game result, with the actual total amount in the chip tray, and determine whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0125] In addition, by using the gaming tokens 1 in the redemption chip tray 172 to redeem the gaming tokens 1W to the winning player 2006W, it is possible to ensure sufficient time for the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 to grasp the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 1 in the collection chip tray 171 after collection.

[0126] As described above, in this embodiment, the control device 2014 calculates the chip balance for each game from the bet chip amount on the gaming table 2004 and the win / loss result of the game, and verifies the increase in the chip balance in the chip tray 17 after the game. If the control device 2014 detects a discrepancy in this verification, it issues an alarm or adds a record to that effect to the video record captured by the camera 2002. The casino operator can investigate the cause of the discrepancy by checking the video.

[0127] The table game management system of this embodiment adds or subtracts the increase or decrease in the amount of chips in a game, which is calculated from the positions, types and numbers of gaming tokens 1 bet by all players 2006 in that game and the win / loss result of that game obtained by the win / loss result determination device, from the total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 before the settlement of each game, and compares the total amount that should be of the gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 after settlement at the end of that game with the actual total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 at the end of that game obtained via the image analysis device 2012, and determines whether there is a difference between the actual total amount and the total amount that should be.

[0128] The control device 2014 grasps the position, type and number of chips bet by each player via the image analysis device 2012, and when all of the losing chips bet by each player have been collected, grasps the actual total amount of chips in the chip tray, and compares the total amount that should be of the gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17, which is calculated by adding the increase in the chip tray 17 for that game based on the position, type and number of chips bet by the losing player from the total amount of chips in the chip tray before the settlement of each game, with the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17, and determines whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0129] The control device 2014 compares the total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 before the settlement of each game, plus the increase in the chip tray 17 for that game based on the position, type and number of gaming tokens 1 bet by the losing player, to determine whether there is any difference between the total amount that should be there and the actual total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17, and if so, compares the total amount that should be there in the chip tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game with the actual total amount of gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 at the end of the game obtained via the image analysis device 2012, and if so, determines that there is a difference between the total amount that should be there and the actual total amount, determines that there has been a payment error and generates a payment error signal to notify of the payment error.

[0130] The chip tray 17 is provided with a collection chip tray 171 for collecting and temporarily storing the gaming tokens 1 bet by losing players, and the image analysis device 2012 compares the total amount that the gaming tokens 1 should be in the collection chip tray 171, which is calculated by adding the increase in the gaming tokens 1 for the game in question, calculated from the position, type and number of the gaming tokens 1L bet by the losing player, with the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 1 in the collection chip tray 171, and determines whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0131] When the control device 2014 determines that the actual total amount of gaming tokens 1 grasped in the chip tray 17 of the dealer 2005 of the gaming table 2004 does not correspond to the increase or decrease in the amount of chips calculated from the amount of chips bet by all players and the outcome of the game, the game recording device 2011 can add an index or time to the captured video, or identify and play back the scene of collection or payment of the gaming tokens 1, so that the game recording device 2011 can analyze the record of the game in which the above-mentioned difference occurred.

[0132] In this way, the control device 2014 obtains the total amount of chips in the chip tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game via the image analysis device 2012. In this case, the determination after settlement is made when any of the following 1) to 4) occurs. 1) When redemption of winning gaming token 1 is completed, 2) When the card C used in the game is collected and discarded in the discard area 41 or the discard slot 42 of the table, 3) When a predetermined button associated with the winning / losing result determination device is pressed, 4) When marker 43, indicating victory or defeat, is returned to its original position.

[0133] The control device 2014 is an artificial intelligence-based or deep learning-based control device that can grasp the position (position where the player, banker, or pair is bet) and amount (type and number) of chips bet at each playing position 7 of the gaming table 2004, and can extract the win / loss history and the amount of chips (winning amount) of each player 2006 obtained by the winning / losing result of each game as a unique situation (set by the casino) by comparing it with statistical data of many past games (big data). Typically, the control device 2014 is an artificial intelligence-based or deep learning-based control device that can extract the occurrence of a winning amount of a certain amount (1 million dollars) or a situation in which the amount of bet chips when losing is small and the amount of bet chips when winning is large for several games in a row, as a unique situation by comparing it with statistical data of past games (big data, etc.).

[0134] Furthermore, the control device 2014 of this table game management system (integrated with the image analysis device 2012) is configured to be able to identify an individual player 2006 at a playing position 7 who has been extracted as a peculiar situation or who has won a predetermined amount or more. Such identification of the player 2006 is performed by obtaining an image of the face by feature point extraction or the like in the image analysis device 2012, and assigning an identity number (ID or the like) to the player 2006. When the identified player 2006 leaves his / her seat and sits at another gaming table, the control device 2014 has a warning function for notifying the presence of the identified player at the other gaming table. Specifically, the control device 2014 notifies a pit manager who manages each gaming table 2004 or a person in charge of each table (which may be a dealer) to prevent further peculiar phenomena.

[0135] The control device 2014 can identify the collected gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number based on the RFID ID information of the collected gaming tokens 1 determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the gaming tokens 1 read by the chip reading device 25.

[0136] In FIG. 11, gaming tokens 1 are bet as shown in the detailed tables of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13. Analysis by the image analysis device 2012 makes it possible to know the location (player, banker, etc.) where the gaming tokens 1 are bet, and the number (and amount) of tokens. Meanwhile, reading by the chip reading device 25 makes it possible to know the RFID ID attached to the gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number. Furthermore, since the chip tray determination device can determine the ID of the gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 9, it is possible to know the collected gaming tokens 1 by knowing the IDs that have increased before and after collection. In FIG. 11 to FIG. 13, when the game result is a win for the banker, it is understood from the analysis result of the image analysis device 2012 that the two chips bet on the banker pair should be collected, and it is understood that, of the IDs of the collected chips determined by the chip tray determination device, the two chips with IDs 6 and 18 that the chip reading device 25 read as being bet on sitting number 5 have been collected.

[0137] The control device 2014 further grasps the total amount or total number of gaming tokens 1 to be collected for each sitting number, determined using the game results obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the positions, amounts, and numbers of gaming tokens 1 based on the image analysis results by the image analyzer. Therefore, the control device 2014 can compare the total amount or total number of collected gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number determined based on RFID with the total amount or total number of gaming tokens 1 to be collected based on the image analysis results, and determine whether they match.

[0138] For example, if the reading result by the chip reading device 25 for sitting number 1 is "A, B, C, D, E", the analysis result by the image analysis device 2012 is "2 chips for tie, 2 chips for banka", the game result is "Banka wins", and the reading result by the chip tray determination device 18 is "A, B", it can be determined that the chips A and B bet on tie have been correctly collected.

[0139] The control device 2014 can further determine whether or not the RFID ID information of the collected gaming token 1 determined by the chip tray determination device matches the RFID ID information of the bet gaming token 1 read by the chip reading device 25. This determination makes it possible to determine whether or not the gaming token 1 collected in the chip tray is the gaming token 1 bet on the gaming table, or is the gaming token 1 illegally collected from another location.

[0140] The control device 2014 can further determine the type of chip, such as a cash chip, a rolling chip, a promotional chip, etc., based on the RFID information read by the chip reading device 25, and can store the amount bet and the amount recovered or redeemed for each determined type of chip.

[0141] Rolling chips are special chips that cannot be exchanged for cash and can be purchased by specific members, and the amount of rolling chips purchased is managed for each member. They must be used for betting and consumed, and bets made using rolling chips are redeemed with cash chips. By storing the amount of rolling chips bet or collected based on the RFID information read by the chip reader 25, it is possible to know the amount of rolling chips that a specific member should have.

[0142] The chip reader 25 further has a function of a confirmation area, and can read the gaming tokens 1 placed for redemption. As shown in FIG. 15, when redemption is made for the banker of sitting number 2, the gaming tokens 1 for redemption are placed in the chip reader 25 and read. In FIG. 15, the gaming tokens 1 are placed next to the winning gaming tokens 1 bet on the banker of sitting number 2. The control device 2014 compares the redemption amount determined using the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of the gaming tokens 1 based on the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the image analysis result by the image analyzer with the amount of the gaming tokens 1 placed for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reader 25, and can determine whether the redemption amounts match or not, and output the result. In FIG. 16, the total number of gaming tokens 1 to be paid for sitting number 1 is 4, while the reading result of the chip reader 25 is 3, so there is a mismatch. If the redemption amounts do not match, a mismatch signal is output, and the dealer can replace the gaming token 1 for redemption based on the output signal. If the gaming token 1 is replaced, a judgment is made again and the judgment result can be output. The area in which the gaming token 1 for redemption is placed may be anywhere in the chip reading device 25. Also, as shown in FIG. 15, a payment confirmation area 26 may be arranged on the dealer side of the betting area, separate from the betting area. In FIG. 7, the gaming token 1 for redemption is placed in the payment confirmation area 26 for sitting number 6, the chip reading device 25 reads it, the control device 2014 makes a judgment, and the redemption chip is placed next to the winning gaming token 1 placed in the banker.

[0143] Also, the image analysis of the confirmation area may be performed by the image analyzer 2012, and the control device 2014 may compare this with the reading result of the chip reader 25 to determine whether the total numbers match.

[0144] The control device 2014 can output a signal based on the determination that it has made. The signal may be output to a display on the display unit of the chip tray 9 or the display unit of the card dealing device 2003, or the signal may be output to a pit manager or the back yard of the casino.

[0145] The chip reader 25 may treat the entire betting area for each sitting number as one reading area as shown in Fig. 17, or may treat the player betting area and the banker betting area as one reading area for each sitting number, and the tie betting area, the player pair betting area, and the banker pair betting area as one reading area as shown in Fig. 18. Also, the tie betting area, the player pair betting area, and the side betting area of ​​the banker pair betting area may each be treated as one reading area as shown in Figs. 19 and 22.

[0146] The gaming token 1 used in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 20 is an external view of the gaming token 1 used in this system, and FIG. 21 is a front cross-sectional view. A multi-layer structure is formed by laminating a plurality of plastic layers of different colors, with at least a colored layer 101 in the middle, and laminating a white layer 102 or a light-colored layer (not shown, but it may be a layer with a lighter color than the colored layer 101) on both sides of the middle colored layer 101. By forming a multi-layer structure in this way, with the colored layer 101 and the white layer 102 or a light-colored layer (not shown, but it may be a layer with a lighter color than the colored layer 101) on both sides of the middle colored layer 101, a striped pattern is formed on the side in the lamination direction as shown in FIG. 20, and the type of gaming token 1 (10 points, 20 points, 100 points, 1000 points, etc.) can be identified by changing the color of the colored layer 101 (red, green, yellow, blue, etc.).

[0147] The colored layer 101 may be formed of a plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 21) as shown in Fig. 21. The plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 21) are thermocompression bonded together, so the three-layer structure is not visible as in Fig. 21, and Fig. 21 shows three layers for the sake of explanation. Furthermore, a cutout B is provided in the middle layer of the three layers of the colored layer 101, and an RFID is embedded therein.

[0148] Furthermore, the gaming token 1 is not limited to a structure in which plastic is laminated, and may have an appearance similar to that of the colored layer 101.

[0149] A method in which the image analyzing device 2012 analyzes the gaming token 1 will be described in detail below. The image analyzing device 2012 performs image analysis on the image recorded in the recording device 11 to recognize at least two colors, namely, the specific color 121 that is at least partially given to the gaming token 1 and a reference color R that is different from the specific color 121 and exists in the image. The specific color 121 is given at least partially at a predetermined position or in a predetermined shape on the gaming token 1. For example, the specific color 121 may be given as a colored layer 101, given in the circumferential direction on the side surface of the gaming token 1, or given as a predetermined mark on the surface of the gaming token 1. The reference color R may be, for example, the color of a specific area of ​​the gaming table 2004, or may be a color given to a place in the gaming token 1 different from the specific color 121.

[0150] The image analysis device 2012 includes an artificial intelligence device 12a that identifies a specific color by, for example, deep learning technology, and determines the number and type of gaming tokens 1 placed on the gaming table 2004. The recognition device 12 may further determine the position of the gaming tokens 1 on the gaming table 2004.

[0151] The image analysis device 2012 acquires a plurality of images of the gaming token 1 and the reference color R illuminated at different illuminance, and learns from the acquired images and the correct colors of the specific color 121 and the reference color R of the gaming token 1 in each image by manual instruction as teacher data, and creates a learning model 13a (recognition program). Note that the images of the gaming token 1 and the reference color R illuminated at the same illuminance condition can acquire the relative relationship between the specific color 121 and the reference color R because the specific color 121 and the reference color R are illuminated at the same illuminance. For example, this relative relationship may be used to recognize the specific color 121.

[0152] Furthermore, the chip recognition device 12 may extract the center line C of the gaming token 1 without using artificial intelligence by using the results of photographing and recording the image by the camera 2002 and analyzing the image to measure image features such as shape, brightness, saturation, and color tone.

[0153] The artificial intelligence device 12a further includes a configuration for performing image analysis of a predetermined range of peripheral images around the extracted center line C (e.g., a range of 8 pixels centered on the center line and perpendicular to the center line) to recognize at least two colors, a specific color 121 in the peripheral images and a reference color R different from the specific color 121. When analyzing the peripheral images of the predetermined range around the extracted center line C, the images may be analyzed as they are, or may be analyzed after image processing such as color enhancement and noise removal so that the specific color 121 can be easily recognized.

[0154] In summary, the artificial intelligence device 12a of the recognition device 12 is configured to extract a center line C from an image of the gaming token 1, and perform image analysis of the surrounding images of a predetermined range centered on the center line C, thereby recognizing at least two colors, a specific color 121 in the surrounding image and a reference color R different from the specific color 121, and is an artificial intelligence device taught as training data using multiple surrounding images of the gaming token 1 and the reference color R illuminated at different illuminances.

[0155] In another embodiment of the present invention, the control device 2014 further comprises: 1) In each game, whether there is any movement of chips between the start of card withdrawal or the start of the game by the dealer and the display of the game result by the card distribution device; 2) After the end of each game, while the dealer is collecting the chips bet by the losing players, whether or not anyone other than the dealer has made any chip movements. 3) After the end of each game, whether chips were added while the dealer was collecting the chips bet by the losing players, 4) After the end of each game, whether the dealer has paid out the winning chips of the players; 5) Having a function of determining, after the end of each game, whether or not a winner among the game participants has taken the chips that they had bet and the chips that had been paid.

[0156] Furthermore, the control device 2014 may be configured to determine at least one of 1) to 5) by detecting the hand movements, chip movements, or said hand movements and chip movements of the dealer and game players using the analysis results of the image analysis device 2012.

[0157] The control device 2014 has the following functions 1) to 5) as characteristic functions of the present invention, and judges whether or not any cheating that violates the rules is taking place according to the rules of the baccarat game. That is, 1) In each game, from the signal from the card dealing device 2003 to start drawing out cards, or from the game start operation by the dealer 2005 pressing the start button 4s, until the result of the game is displayed by the card dealing device 2003, the image analyzing device 2012 monitors for any movement of the gaming tokens 1 using information obtained by the camera 2002. 2) After each game ends, while the dealer 2005 is collecting the gaming tokens 1 bet by the losers among the game participants 2006, the image analyzer 2012 monitors whether the losers 6 have illegally taken the gaming tokens 1 based on information obtained by the camera 2002. 3) After the end of each game, while the dealer 2005 is collecting the gaming tokens 1 bet by the losers among the game participants, the image analyzer 2012 monitors, using information obtained by the camera 2002, whether or not a person other than the dealer 2005 (winner or loser) adds winning gaming tokens 1W or places new gaming tokens 1 on the winning side where no bet has been made. 4) After the end of each game, whether the dealer 2005 has correctly placed the gaming token 1W for payment at the position of the gaming token 1 on which the winner among the game participants 2006 had bet is monitored based on information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002. 5) After each game is over (the dealer 2005 operates the card distribution device 2003 to display the winning or losing result on the display lamp 13), whether or not the winner 6W among the game participants 2006 has taken the gaming tokens 1 that he or she had bet and the gaming tokens 1W that he or she had paid is monitored based on information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002.

[0158] In the above embodiment, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 are devices utilizing artificial intelligence or having a deep learning structure. Specifically, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 may perform image analysis and the above various controls using a scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm, a convolutional neural network (CNN), deep learning, machine learning, or the like. These techniques are techniques for recognizing objects contained in a captured image by performing image recognition. In particular, in recent years, objects have been recognized with high accuracy by using deep learning techniques in which neural networks are multi-layered. This deep learning technique generally recognizes objects with high accuracy by stacking layers over multiple stages in an intermediate layer between an input layer and an output layer of a neural network. In this deep learning technique, in particular, a convolutional neural network has attracted attention for its higher performance in recognizing objects based on conventional image features.

[0159] In a convolutional neural network, labeled target images are trained and the main objects contained in the target images are recognized. If there are multiple main objects in the training image, they are designated by rectangular regions, and the image corresponding to the designated region is labeled for training. Furthermore, the convolutional neural network can determine the main object in the image and the position of the object.

[0160] To further explain the convolutional neural network, the target recognition process extracts candidate regions based on local features by performing edge extraction processing on the recognition target image, inputs the candidate regions into the convolutional neural network to extract feature vectors, classifies them, and obtains the most certain classified candidate region as the recognition result. The certainty is an amount that indicates how high the similarity of the subject of an image learned together with a certain image region and label is relative to the similarity of other classes.

[0161] Various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, it goes without saying that the above-mentioned embodiments can be modified by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention, and the device of the present embodiments may be appropriately modified according to the needs of the game to which it is applied.

[0162] (Additional Note) In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the management system for game tokens of the present invention comprises: A single RFID tag having an area where data cannot be rewritten and an area where data can be rewritten is attached to the gaming token; The area of ​​the RFID tag where the data cannot be rewritten stores at least one of production information, product information, casino information, amount information, and serial number of the gaming token as fixed information, The rewritable data area stores, as variable information, information regarding the location of the gaming token, The variable information stored in a rewritable area of ​​the same RFID tag can be extracted from the fixed information stored in a rewritable area of ​​the RFID tag, The system comprises: a writing device for writing information regarding the location of the gaming token in the data rewritable area; a reading device capable of collectively reading the fixed information stored in an area where the data of a plurality of the gaming tokens cannot be rewritten, and reading the location information stored in an area where the data paired with each of the fixed information can be rewritten based on the read fixed information; and a management control device that examines the location information obtained from the reading device, the rewritable data area stores a plurality of pieces of location information including at least the latest location information of all the location information written by the writing device; The management control device has a function of determining whether there are any abnormalities in the history of the location-related information obtained from the reading device, and if there is an abnormality, generates an error signal and is configured to be able to identify the fixed information of the gaming tokens that are determined to be abnormal.

[0163] Furthermore, the rewritable data area is configured to store information on the time when the writing device wrote data into the gaming token together with the information on the location, The management control device is configured to determine whether or not there is an abnormality based on the location-related information obtained from the reading device, by determining whether or not either of the following events has occurred: the device has not been used for a predetermined period of time since the last time it was written, or the location-related information that should have been written has not been written.

[0164] Furthermore, the management control device determines that the information regarding the location includes at least one of information indicating a cage, information indicating entry or exit, and information indicating a backyard, The above-mentioned event of not being used for a specified period of time since the last write is 1) The latest location information indicates a cage, and the next information was written more than a certain amount of time ago. 2) The latest information on the location indicates an entry, and the next information has been posted more than a certain amount of time ago. 3) The latest information on the location indicates an exit, and the next information has been posted more than a certain amount of time ago. In either of the following situations: The event in which the information regarding the location that should have been written is not written is as follows: 4) When entering an arcade, no information indicating exit is written as information regarding the latest location of the data rewritable area of ​​the gaming token. 5) When using the cage, there is no information indicating the backyard. 6) When leaving the amusement facility, there is no information indicating a cage or back yard. It may be either of the above situations.

[0165] Furthermore, the information regarding location may include information regarding the holder of the gaming token.

[0166] Furthermore, the management device determines whether the abnormality is present based on the information about the holder obtained from the reader device, as an event. 1) A person other than the last owner of the tokens stored in the rewritable data area converts the tokens into cash or other change within the gaming establishment, or leaves the gaming establishment. 2) A person other than the person who possessed the token at the time of exiting the arcade and whose data is stored in the rewritable data area brings the token into the arcade. The device may be provided with a function for determining the above-mentioned situation of either 1) or 2).

[0167] Furthermore, information regarding the holder of the gaming token may be identified by facial recognition or reading an ID card.

[0168] The location information may further comprise information indicating the location of a chip tray, or information indicating the location of a betting area, or information indicating a payout area of ​​the particular gaming table.

[0169] Furthermore, the management device determines whether the abnormality is present based on the information indicating the location of the chip tray of the gaming table, the information indicating the location of the betting area, or the information indicating the payment area obtained from the reading device, as an event for determining whether the abnormality is present: 1) A person other than the last holder of the gaming token stored in the rewritable data area uses the gaming token at a gaming table. 2) A person other than the person who purchased the gaming token at the cage redeems it for cash when the gaming token has no record of use at a gaming table. 3) Tokens that do not indicate a cage or backyard are used in the amusement facility. 4) The latest location information is information indicating a betting area or a payment area, and after a predetermined period of time, it is exchanged for cash in a cage or used at a gaming table. It may be one having a function of determining any of the above situations 1) to 4).

[0170] Furthermore, the information carried by the RFID tag may be encrypted.

[0171] Furthermore, the area where data cannot be rewritten may be configured so that data cannot be written functionally, or may be configured so that data cannot be written to the area.

[0172] Furthermore, the reading device is configured to read the fixed information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten and the location-related information stored in the area where the data can be rewritten all at once, The management control device may be configured to extract and grasp the location-related information stored in an area of ​​the same RFID tag where the data can be rewritten from the multiple fixed information of the multiple gaming tokens read by the reading device.

[0173] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art, the gaming token of the present invention is provided with a single RFID tag having an area where data cannot be rewritten and an area where data can be rewritten, The area where the data cannot be rewritten stores at least one of production information, product information, casino information, amount information, and serial number of the gaming token as fixed information, The rewritable data area is configured to store, as variable information, information regarding the location of the gaming token, which is written by a writing device; The variable information stored in an area where the data cannot be rewritten in the same RFID tag can be extracted from the fixed information stored in an area where the data cannot be rewritten.

[0174] Furthermore, the gaming tokens may be configured so that a reading device can read the fixed information stored in an area of ​​a plurality of the gaming tokens where the data cannot be rewritten all at once, and based on the read fixed information, the location-related information stored in an area where the data can be rewritten can be read.

[0175] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the management system for table games of the present invention comprises gaming tokens with individually identifiable RFID tags attached thereto, a gaming table for playing a game using the gaming tokens; a game recording device for recording, as an image, tokens bet by each game player in a game played at the gaming table via a camera; an image analyzer for analyzing the recorded images of the tokens; a chip reader for reading the RFID tag attached to the gaming tokens bet by each game player; A control device that grasps the image analysis result of the image analysis device and the reading result of the chip reading device, the gaming table is provided with a plurality of betting areas including at least a player betting area and a banker betting area for each sitting number; the chip reader reads the gaming tokens by treating the entire betting area as one reading area for each sitting number, or divides the entire betting area into a plurality of reading areas which are fewer in number than the betting areas, and reads the gaming tokens for each reading area; The control device is configured to grasp the type and number of gaming tokens bet for each betting area, including at least the player betting area and the banker betting area, independently based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device, determine whether or not the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each sitting number or each reading area based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each sitting number or each reading area based on the reading results of the chip reading device, and output the determination result.

[0176] The control device may be configured to output a sitting number for which the judgment result is inconsistent.

[0177] Furthermore, the control device may be configured to generate a signal indicating that the RFID attached to the gaming token may be broken or that the gaming token may not have an RFID attached when the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each sitting number based on the reading results of the chip reading device is less than the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each sitting number based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device.

[0178] In addition, the control device may be configured to generate a signal indicating a possibility of an error in reading the gaming tokens by the image analysis device when the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each sitting number based on the reading results of the chip reading device is greater than the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each sitting number based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device.

[0179] The game machine further includes a database that stores the RFID IDs attached to the game tokens, The control device may be configured to compare the RFID ID based on the reading result of the chip reading device with the ID stored in the database, determine the authenticity of the gaming token, and output the determination result.

[0180] Furthermore, a chip tray for holding gaming tokens used by a dealer at the gaming table; a chip tray determination device capable of determining the type and number of the gaming tokens stored in the chip tray; a game result determination device for determining a game result of each game at the gaming table; the control device has a calculation function for calculating the casino's income and expenditure at the gaming table for each collection and redemption of each game, using the game results obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the positions, amounts and numbers of gaming tokens based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device; a collection judgment function for, when the collection of the losing chips bet by each game player is completed, comparing the amount of chips to be collected in the game, which is calculated from the positions, types and numbers of chips bet by each game player at the gaming table and the game result, with the actual collected amount in the chip tray, and judging whether there is a difference between the amount to be collected and the actual collected amount, thereby judging whether or not there has been any fraud or mistake in the collection of the gaming tokens; The device may be equipped with a redemption determination function which performs redemption for chips to be redeemed and, when the redemption is complete, compares the total amount that should be in the chip tray based on the amount of chips to be redeemed for the game, which is calculated from the position, type and number of chips bet by each game player at the gaming table and the game result, with the actual total amount in the chip tray, and if it is determined that there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount, determines that there has been fraud or an error in the redemption.

[0181] Furthermore, the control device identifies the collected gaming tokens for each sitting number based on the RFID ID information of the collected gaming tokens determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the gaming tokens read by the chip reading device, The configuration may be capable of comparing the identified ID, amount or number of the gaming tokens with the ID, amount or number of the gaming tokens to be collected for each sitting number, determined using the game results obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount and number of the gaming tokens based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device, and determining whether there is a match for each sitting number.

[0182] In addition, the control device may be configured to determine, in each game, the type of the gaming token, categorized according to its use or purpose, based on the RFID ID information of the gaming token read by the chip reading device, and to store, for each sitting number, the amount bet or the amount recovered or redeemed for each type of gaming token.

[0183] The control device may also be configured to store the cumulative amount bet or the cumulative amount collected or redeemed for each sitting number and for each type of gaming token in a plurality of games.

[0184] The type of the gaming tokens may be at least a cash chip, a rolling chip, or a promotion chip.

[0185] The control device may also be configured to identify the holder based on the ID information of the rolling chip, and to store, for each holder, the cumulative amount bet with the rolling chip or the cumulative amount recovered or redeemed.

[0186] Also, the chip reader reads the gaming tokens for redemption placed on the chip reader for each sitting number, The control device may be configured to compare a redemption amount determined using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount and number of gaming tokens based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device with the amount of the gaming tokens placed for each sitting number based on the reading results of the chip reading device, determine whether the redemption amounts match or mismatch, and output the result.

[0187] In addition, the control device may be configured to display a mismatch if the determination result of the redemption amount is a mismatch, and further to make a re-determination if there is a change in the amount of the gaming tokens placed in the chip reading device for each sitting number read by the chip reading device, and to re-output whether it is a match or a mismatch.

[0188] In addition, the control device may be configured to compare the amount of the gaming tokens placed for redemption for each sitting number with the increase or decrease in the chip tray before and after redemption, and determine whether there is a difference.

[0189] The chip reader may also include a payment confirmation area located on the dealer's side of the betting area where the gaming tokens are placed for redemption.

[0190] The game system further includes a face recognition system or a player ID card to identify game participants. The control device may be configured to be able to link the sitting number with information on the game player identified by the game player identification means.

[0191] The device may further include a display device that performs a display based on the output of the control device.

[0192] The gaming table further includes a betting area for side bets, The betting area for side bets is provided adjacent to each other for each sitting number, The chip reader is capable of reading at least one of the side bet areas collectively; The control device may be configured to grasp the type and number of the gaming tokens bet in the at least one betting area for side bets based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device, determine whether or not the total amount or total number of the gaming tokens in the at least one betting area for side bets based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of the gaming tokens in the betting area for side bets based on the reading results of the chip reading device, and output a signal of the determination result.

[0193] Another embodiment of the present invention is a table game management system, comprising: a gaming token having an individually identifiable RFID tag attached thereto; a gaming table for playing a game using the gaming tokens; a game recording device for recording, as an image, tokens bet by each game player in a game played at the gaming table via a camera; an image analyzer for analyzing the recorded images of the tokens; a chip reader for reading the RFID tag attached to the gaming tokens bet by each game player; A control device that grasps the image analysis result of the image analysis device and the reading result of the chip reading device, the gaming table includes a betting area consisting of a player betting area, a banker betting area, and a side betting area; The betting area for side bets is provided adjacent to each other for each sitting number, The chip reader is capable of reading at least one of the betting areas for side bets at once, The control device is configured to grasp the type and number of the gaming tokens betted independently for at least one of the betting areas for side bets based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device, determine whether or not the total amount or total number of gaming tokens in the at least one betting area for side bets based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for the side bet based on the reading results of the chip reading device, and output a signal of the determination result.

[0194] The control device may be configured to output the side bet when the judgment result is a mismatch.

[0195] Furthermore, the control device may be configured to generate a signal indicating that the RFID attached to the gaming token may be broken or that the gaming token may not have an RFID attached when the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each side bet based on the reading results of the chip reading device is less than the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each side bet based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device.

[0196] In addition, the control device may be configured to generate a signal indicating a possibility of an error in reading the gaming tokens by the image analysis device when the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each side bet based on the reading results of the chip reading device is greater than the total amount or total number of gaming tokens for each side bet based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device.

[0197] The game machine further includes a database that stores the RFID IDs attached to the game tokens, The control device may be configured to compare an RFID ID based on the reading result of the chip reading device with an ID stored in the database, and determine the authenticity of the gaming token.

[0198] In addition, the control device may be configured to identify the collected gaming tokens for each side bet based on the RFID ID information of the collected gaming tokens determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the collected gaming tokens read by the chip reading device, and compare the ID, amount or number of tokens to be collected for each side bet determined using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount and number of gaming tokens based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device with the ID, amount or number of the collected gaming tokens for each side bet, and determine whether the collected amounts match or do not match for each side bet.

[0199] (Fourth embodiment) The fourth embodiment of the present invention will now be described.

[0200] (First example) FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of a first example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the management system 110, the holder of the gaming token is traced without using a database. For this purpose, information on the holder is stored in the gaming token. The management system 110 is provided with a gaming table 4004 having a roughly oval shape. The player 82 is positioned on one side (the lower side of FIG. 23) of the gaming table 4004, and the dealer (not shown) is positioned on the opposite side. On the upper surface of the gaming table 4004, betting areas 41a to 41e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "betting area 41") are partitioned for each of a plurality of play positions. The betting area 41 is an area for the player 82 to place a bet by placing the gaming token 83. On the dealer position side of the gaming table 4004, a chip tray 12 for placing the dealer's gaming token 82 is provided.

[0201] The gaming token 83 has the same configuration as the gaming token of the above embodiment. That is, an RFID tag 2 having a non-rewritable area 21 for storing fixed information 3 and a rewritable area 22 for storing variable information 4 is embedded in the gaming token 83. A chip ID (identification information) that uniquely identifies the gaming token 83 is stored in the RFID tag 2 as the specific information 3. Also, a user ID that uniquely identifies the holder of the gaming token 83 is stored in the RFID tag 2 as the variable information 4.

[0202] In addition, the casino or dealer is assigned a common user ID, and when the gaming token 83 is in the casino's possession (including when it is stored in the chip tray 12), the variable information 4 stores the user ID indicating the casino or dealer.

[0203] RFID antennas 511a to 511e (hereinafter collectively referred to as "RFID antennas 511") are provided in the betting areas 41a to 41e of the gaming table 4004. Specifically, the RFID antennas 511 are embedded under the cover of the gaming table 4004 at positions where the corresponding betting areas 41 are defined. Also, an RFID antenna 513 is provided in the chip tray 12.

[0204] The RFID antenna 511 reads and writes data from the RFID tag 2 embedded in the gaming token 83 placed in the corresponding betting area 41. The RFID antenna 513 reads and writes data from the RFID tag 2 embedded in the gaming token 83 placed in the chip tray 12.

[0205] The RFID antennas 511a to 511e and the RFID antenna 513 are connected to the RF control device 54. In FIG. 23, only the line connecting the antenna 511e and the RF control device 54 is shown, and the lines connecting the antennas 511a to 511d and the RF control device 54 are omitted for clarity of the figure, but the antennas 511a to 511d are also connected to the RF control device 54 like the antenna 511e. This is the same in the following drawings. The RF control device 54 controls reading and writing for each antenna. The RF control device 54 controls reading and writing by distinguishing each antenna. For this reason, each antenna is given an area ID that uniquely identifies the area where the antenna performs reading and writing. In addition, when the RF control device 54 performs reading, it performs reading periodically.

[0206] By referring to this area ID, it is possible to determine whether the read gaming token 83 is in the chip tray 12 or in the betting area 41, and for the betting area 41, it is also possible to determine which of the betting areas 41a to 41e it is in for a play position.

[0207] When reading, the RF control device 54 receives data read by each antenna and identifies the area in which the data was read, i.e., the area ID. When writing, the RF control device 54 identifies the antenna to write to, i.e., the area ID, and transmits the data to be written. This allows the RF control device 54 to individually control reading and writing for each antenna.

[0208] The RF control device 54 outputs the user ID of the gaming token 83 ("User ID" in FIG. 23) and the area ID of the area from which the user ID was read ("Area ID" in FIG. 23) based on the data read by each antenna. The management system 110 further includes a management control device 56 connected to the RF control device 54. The management control device 56 receives the user ID and area ID from the RF control device 54, and specifies to the RF control device 54 the user ID to be written to the RFID tag 2.

[0209] As will be explained below, the user ID stored in the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83 changes when the gaming token 83 is moved, but the RFID tag 2 stores past user IDs as well as the latest user ID as variable information 4. Therefore, by referring to this variable information 4, it is possible to check the change in the owner of each gaming token 83. In the following explanation, expressions such as "rewrite the user ID" mean at least changing the latest user ID, and do not necessarily mean erasing information on past user IDs at the same time.

[0210] The management control device 56 updates the variable information 4 of the gaming token 83 based on the data (user ID and area ID) of the gaming token 83 received from the RF control device 54. A method of updating the variable information 4 will be described below.

[0211] 24 to 26 are diagrams for explaining an example of updating variable information. As shown in Fig. 24, a player bets a gaming token 831 in the betting area 41b. The management control device 56 receives the user ID of the betting chip 831 and the area ID of the betting area 41b obtained by reading the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token (hereinafter also referred to as "betting chip 831") bet by the player in the betting area.

[0212] At the stage of placing a bet, as shown in Fig. 24, the same user ID ("P1" in the example of Fig. 24) is read from the betting area 41b, and the same ID ("D" indicating that the holder is the casino or dealer in the example of Fig. 24) is also read from the chip tray 12. If this player wins the game, as shown in Fig. 25, gaming tokens (hereinafter also referred to as "payout chips 832") are paid out (redeemable) from the chip tray 12 by the dealer and placed next to the betting chips 831 in the betting area 41b.

[0213] Then, in addition to "P1", "D" is read from the betting area 41b as the user ID. When the gaming tokens 83 read from the same betting area 41 have two types of user IDs, one of which is "D" and the other is a user ID assigned to a player, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user IDs of all the gaming tokens 83 in the betting area 41 to the user ID assigned to the player ("P1" in the case of FIG. 25). In this case, the same "P1" is further written as the latest user ID to the betting chip 831 in which "P1" was stored as the user ID.

[0214] On the other hand, when the player loses the game, the dealer collects the bet chips 831 into the chip tray 12 as shown in Fig. 26. Then, in addition to "D", "P1" is read from the chip tray 12 as the user ID. If the user ID of the gaming token 83 read from the chip tray 12 includes a user ID assigned to the player other than "D" ("P1" in the example of Fig. 26), the management control device 56 rewrites the user ID of all gaming tokens 83 in the chip tray 12 to "D".

[0215] In addition, a collection float may be provided to temporarily store the gaming tokens 83 collected in the chip tray 12, and the antenna may be separated between the collection float and other parts, so that the above processing is performed only on the gaming tokens 83 collected on the collection float.

[0216] The above-mentioned processing of the management control device 56 updates the user ID stored in the gaming token 83 in response to a change in the actual holder. That is, in this embodiment, the user ID is stored in the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83, and the user ID of the payout chip 832 is updated so that the holder is the same as the holder of the bet chip 831. Therefore, without using a database or a player identification system described later, and even if the management control device 56 does not grasp the progress of the game (betting stage, game stage, settlement stage), it is possible to trace the change in the holder due to the game played on the gaming table 4004.

[0217] When a player purchases a new gaming token 83, the player is identified using a player identification system described later, and the user ID of the casino or dealer is rewritten to the user ID of the identified player before the gaming token 83 is handed over to the player. Also, when the player exchanges the gaming token 83 for cash, the user ID of the gaming token 83 handed over by the player is rewritten to the user ID of the casino or dealer.

[0218] (Second example) 27 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of a second example of the fourth embodiment. In addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example, a player identification system is introduced into the management system 120. The player identification system includes an image recognition system consisting of a camera 52 and an image recognition device 55, and a card authentication system consisting of a card 81 and a card reader 53, but may be either one of them.

[0219] The camera 52 photographs the face of the player 82 positioned at the play position, and outputs the image generated by photographing to the image recognition device 55. The image recognition device 55 is equipped with a face recognition engine using a neural network that has learned face images of a plurality of players 82 (hereinafter, the registered players are also referred to as "members") who have been registered in advance. The image recognition device 55 inputs the image from the camera 52 into the neural network, thereby identifying which registered member the input face image belongs to. If the image recognition device 55 determines that the image from the camera 52 does not belong to any of the registered members, it outputs a result indicating that the face image is a face image of a non-member.

[0220] Furthermore, the image recognition device 55 identifies the play position of the member based on the position in the image where the face is authenticated. The image recognition device 55 outputs the area ID of the identified play position ("Area ID" in FIG. 27) together with the user ID of the member corresponding to the image from the camera 52 ("User ID" in FIG. 27). Note that if the image recognition device 55 cannot identify which member the member is, it outputs "Unknown" as the user ID.

[0221] The card reader 53 scans the member's card 81 handed to the dealer by the player 82, and reads the information stored in the member's card 81. The member's card 81 is a magnetic card with a magnetic stripe formed thereon, and at least the user ID of the player 82 (member) is stored in the magnetic stripe. When the dealer receives the member's card 81 from the player 82, the dealer scans the member's card 81 using the card reader 53, and inputs the playing position of the player 82 into the card reader 53. The card reader 53 outputs the user ID read from the member's card 81 ("User ID" in FIG. 27) and the area ID of the playing position input by the dealer ("Area ID" in FIG. 27).

[0222] The management control device 56 receives the user ID and area ID stored in the gaming token 83 and read using the antenna 511 from the RF control device 54, the user ID and area ID identified based on the player's facial image from the image recognition device 55, and the user ID obtained by reading the member's card 81 from the card reader 53 and the area ID specified by the dealer.

[0223] For the same area ID, if the user ID read from the antenna 511, i.e., the user ID stored in the gaming token 83 bet in the betting area 41 as the holder of the gaming token 83, does not match the user ID read from the member's card 81 or the user ID identified by the image recognition device 55, i.e., the player identified by the player identification system, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID stored in the variable area 4 of the gaming token 83 bet in the betting area 41 as the holder to the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system.

[0224] The RF control device 54 uses the antenna 511 to write the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system in the rewritable area 22 of the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83 placed in the betting area 41. At this time, the RF control device 54 also records in the writable area 22 that the user ID has been rewritten as holder information due to a mismatch in the user ID. This allows a casino or dealer to know that there has been a mismatch in the holder by referring to the history of holder changes when they acquire the gaming token 83, and also makes it possible to identify the player involved in such a mismatch.

[0225] In addition, in the player identification system, it is possible to identify the player only by either the face authentication system or by reading the member's card 81. In other words, when a registered member arrives at a play position, the player does not necessarily need to be identified by the member's card 81, in which case the player is identified only by the face authentication system. Even if the face of the player cannot be photographed well and face authentication cannot be performed, the player may be identified by the member's card 81.

[0226] Furthermore, a player may be identified by both face authentication and the member's card 81. In this case, the user ID of the player identified by face authentication may differ from the user ID of the player identified by the member's card 81. If either of the user IDs matches the user ID read from the gaming token 83, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to record, in the writable area 22 of the gaming token 83, the user ID that does not match the user ID read from the gaming token 83, and a message indicating that there was a mismatch in the identification of the player by the player identification system.

[0227] In this example, as in the first example, the user ID stored in the gaming token 83 is updated according to the actual holder. Furthermore, in this example, when the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system does not match the user ID stored in the gaming token 83, the mismatch is corrected and the occurrence of such a mismatch is recorded in the gaming token 83. Therefore, by referring to this record in the gaming token 83, it is possible to know that the gaming token 83 has been exchanged between players, and to identify the players involved in the exchange.

[0228] When exchanging the gaming tokens 83 for cash, a player identification system similar to that described above can be used so that if the user ID of the player (user attempting to exchange) identified by facial recognition or the membership card 81 differs from the user ID stored in the gaming tokens 83 to be exchanged for cash, an alarm to that effect can be output and the operator can refuse to allow the exchange.

[0229] (Third example) FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of a third example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 130 includes a database 57 in addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example. The database 57 stores a chip ID ("Chip ID" in FIG. 28) that uniquely identifies the gaming token 83 and a user ID of a player who possesses the gaming token 83 in association with each other. As described above, the holder of the gaming token 83 changes when the gaming token 83 is purchased, used in a game, and exchanged for cash, and the database 57 records the history of past holders. Therefore, by referring to the database 57, it is possible to know the change in the holder of each gaming token 83.

[0230] In this example, the gaming token 83 only needs to have the non-writable area 21, and does not need to have the writable area 22. That is, it is sufficient that at least a chip ID is stored in the gaming token 83. Also, the RF control device 54 does not need to have a writing function, and may be an RF reader having only a reading function.

[0231] The management control device 56 updates the database 57 based on the data (chip ID and area ID) of the gaming token 83 received from the RF control device 54. A method of updating the database 57 will be described below.

[0232] 29 to 31 are diagrams for explaining an example of updating the database 57. As shown in Fig. 29, a player bets gaming tokens 831 in the betting area 41b. The chip ID of the betting chip 831 and the area ID of the betting area 41b obtained by reading the RFID tag 2 of the betting chip 831 bet by the player in the betting area 41b are input to the management control device 56.

[0233] At the stage of placing a bet, as shown in FIG. 29, "C00001" to "C00005" are read as chip IDs from the bet area 41b, and "C20001" to "C20100" are read as chip IDs from the chip tray 12. Then, the RF control device 54 outputs a set of the chip IDs read by the antennas 511 and 513 and the area IDs corresponding to the antennas 511 and 513 to the management control device 56. In the example of FIG. 29, the RF control device 54 obtains a combination of the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" and the area ID "Area 2", and a combination of the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" and the area ID "Area T" (area ID representing the chip tray 12), and outputs these to the management control device 56.

[0234] 30, the dealer pays out (redeems) a payout chip 832 from the chip tray 12 and places it next to the bet chip 831 in the bet area 41b. Then, the RF control device 54 obtains combinations of chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" and "C20001" to "C20005" with the area ID "Area 2", and combinations of chip IDs "C20006" to "C20100" with the area ID "Area T", and outputs these to the management control device 56.

[0235] The management control device 56 refers to the database 57 for all the read chip IDs and obtains the user ID associated with the chip ID. Then, the management control device 56 refers to the combination of the chip ID and the area ID obtained from the RF control device 54, and if the user IDs are different for multiple chip IDs associated with the same area ID, updates the database 57 so that those user IDs become the same user ID.

[0236] Specifically, when the user IDs of multiple gaming tokens 83 read by the area ID of the same betting area 41 include a player's user ID and a casino or dealer's user ID, the management control device 56 unifies the user IDs of the chip IDs paired with the same area ID by rewriting the casino or dealer's user ID to the player's user ID.

[0237] On the other hand, when the player loses the game, the dealer collects the bet chips 831 into the chip tray 12, as shown in Fig. 31. Then, in addition to "C20001" to "C20100", "C00001" to "C00005" are read as chip IDs from the chip tray 12. The RF control device 54 obtains pairs of the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" and "C00001" to "C00005" and the area ID "Area T" of the chip tray 12, and outputs them to the management control device 56.

[0238] The management control device 56 refers to the database 57 for all the read chip IDs and obtains the user ID associated with the chip ID. Then, the management control device 56 refers to the combination of the chip ID and the area ID obtained from the RF control device 54, and if the user IDs are different for multiple chip IDs paired with the same area ID, updates the database 57 so that those user IDs become the same user ID.

[0239] Specifically, when the user IDs of multiple gaming tokens 83 read by the area ID of the chip tray 12 include a player's user ID and a casino or dealer's user ID, the management control device 56 rewrites the player's user ID to the casino or dealer's user ID, thereby making the user IDs of all chip IDs associated with the area ID of the chip tray 12 the casino or dealer's user ID.

[0240] By the above-mentioned processing of the management control device 56, the user ID stored in the database 57 is updated according to the actual holder. That is, in this embodiment, the database 57 is rewritten so that the gaming tokens 83 associated with different user IDs in the same area are unified to one of the user IDs according to the area. Therefore, without using the above-mentioned player identification system, and without the management control device 56 grasping the progress of the game (betting stage, game stage, settlement stage), it is possible to trace the change of holders due to the game played on the gaming table 4004.

[0241] Also, in the above example, the management control device 56 determines that the payout chip 831 is a payout chip 831 based on the fact that it is read in the bet area 41 and that the user ID in the database 57 is "D", and rewrites the user ID to the player's user ID, but instead, the chip ID of the payout chip 832 may be identified based on the difference between the chip IDs read from the chip tray 12 before and after payout.

[0242] For example, in the examples of Figures 29 and 30, before dispensing, as shown in Figure 29, the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" are read from the chip tray 12, whereas after dispensing, as shown in Figure 30, the chip IDs "C20006" to "C20100" are read from the chip tray 12. Therefore, from this difference, the management control device 56 can determine that the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" have been dispensed.

[0243] (Example 4) FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of a fourth example of the fourth embodiment. In addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example, the management system 140 includes a player identification system, a database 57, and a card distribution device (electronic shoe) 4003. In addition, the gaming table 4004 is provided with pay areas 42a to 42e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "pay areas 42") on the dealer side of the betting areas 41 of each play position. In addition, the pay areas 42a to 42e are provided with antennas 512a to 512e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "antennas 512") corresponding to the respective areas.

[0244] When the dealer pays out (redeems) gaming tokens 83 to a player 82 who has won a game, the dealer positions the gaming tokens 83 taken out of the chip tray 12 in the pay area 42 of the winning player 82 and then places the gaming tokens 83 in the betting area 41 of that player 82.

[0245] In this example, the camera 52 photographs not only the player 82 but also the bet chips 831 bet on the bet area 41. The image recognition device 55 performs image recognition processing not only on the player's face but also on the bet chips 831 in the bet area 41, recognizes which bet object (player, banker, tie, player pair, banker pair, etc.) in the bet area 41 the bet chips 831 in each bet area 41 are bet on, and outputs the recognition result as the bet content ("Betting" in FIG. 32).

[0246] The camera that photographs the face of the player 82 and the camera that photographs the betting chip 831 may be separate cameras. Also, the image recognition device that identifies the player based on the image of the player's face and the image recognition device that recognizes the betting details based on the image of the betting chip 831 may be separate devices.

[0247] In this example, the card dealing device 4003 determines the progress of the game (i.e., betting, playing, or settlement) and outputs the result to the RF control device 54. The card dealing device 4003 determines that the game has started when the first card is drawn, and determines that the game has ended based on the reading result of the drawn card according to the game rules of baccarat. Also, the card dealing device 4003 determines that settlement has ended and betting has started when the game start button is pressed.

[0248] Moreover, the card dealing device 4003 reads at least the rank of the drawn cards and determines the game result, such as a player win, a banker win, a tie, a player pair, or a banker pair, in accordance with the rules of the baccarat game.

[0249] The management control device 56 determines which play position will receive a payout based on the bet details obtained from the image recognition device 55 and the game result obtained from the card distribution device 4003. The management control device 56 further obtains the user ID of the player for each play position from the image recognition device 55 and the card reader 53, and determines which player will receive a payout based on this information as well.

[0250] The RF control device 54 activates the antenna 512 in the pay area 42 to read and write to the RFID tags of the gaming tokens 83 when the game progress information received from the card distribution device 4003 is being settled.

[0251] The management control device 56 refers to the database 57, and if the user ID associated with the chip ID of the payout chip 832 read in the pay area 42 is the user ID of the casino or dealer, it rewrites that user ID with the user ID associated with the chip ID of the bet chip 831 placed in the corresponding bet area 41 at that time.

[0252] In addition, when the dealer collects the bet chip 831 of a losing player, the antenna 512 of the pay area 42 may read the chip ID of the bet chip 831. In this case, the chip ID read in the pay area 42 will match the chip ID read in the bet area 41 immediately before it. This will enable the dealer to determine that the chip ID was read in the pay area 42 at the time of collection, and in this case, the user ID of the gaming token 83 read in the pay area 42 will not be rewritten.

[0253] In this example, the management system 140 has been described as including a player identification system, a database 57, and a card distribution device (electronic shoe) 4003. However, as in the first example, in a management system that does not include a player identification system, a database 57, and a card distribution device (electronic shoe) 4003, a pay area 42 and a corresponding antenna 512 may be provided as in this example, and user IDs may be updated.

[0254] In the management system 140 of this example, a pay area 42 is provided and is distinguished from the betting area 41, and the RFID tags of the gaming tokens 83 are read and written in the payout area 42, so that the payout chips 832 dispensed from the chip tray 12 can be read and written at high speed. That is, as in the above first to third examples, if the payout chips 832 are read and written using the same antenna 512 as the betting chips 831, it is necessary to read and write the betting chips 831 in order to read and write the payout chips 832, which takes time. However, in the layout area 42, since it is necessary to read and write only the payout chips 832, reading and writing can be performed in a relatively short time, and there is no significant disruption to the operation of the game.

[0255] (Fifth Example) Fig. 33 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of a fifth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 150 has the same configuration as the management system 140 of the fourth example shown in Fig. 32. That is, the management system 150 includes a player identification system, a database 57, and a card distribution device (electronic shoe) 4003 in addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example.

[0256] In this example, the camera 52 photographs not only the player 82 but also the bet chips 831 bet on the bet area 41. The image recognition device 55 performs image recognition processing not only on the player's face but also on the bet chips 831 on the bet area 41, recognizes which bet object (player, banker, tie, player pair, banker pair, etc.) the bet chips 831 on each bet area 41 are placed on, and outputs the recognition result as the bet content ("Betting" in FIG. 32).

[0257] The camera that photographs the face of the player 82 and the camera that photographs the betting chip 831 may be separate cameras. Also, the image recognition device that identifies the player based on the image of the player's face and the image recognition device that recognizes the betting details based on the image of the betting chip 831 may be separate devices.

[0258] The card dealing device 4003 determines the game results, including player win, banker win, tie, player pair, and banker pair, according to the rules of the baccarat game by reading at least the ranks of the cards drawn in sequence.

[0259] The management control device 56 determines which play position will receive a payout (redemption) based on the bet details obtained from the image recognition device 55 and the game result obtained from the card distribution device 4003. The management control device 56 further obtains the user ID of the player for each play position from the image recognition device 55 and the card reader 53, and therefore determines which player will receive a payout (redemption) based on this information as well.

[0260] The management control device 56 receives, for each bet area 41, a pair of the area ID of the bet area 41 and the chip ID of the bet chip 831 read in the bet area 41 from the RF control device 54. As described above, the management control device 56 determines which play position will receive a payout, and therefore refers to the database 57 to obtain the user ID associated with the chip ID read in the play position that will receive a payout, and updates the user ID associated with the chip ID of the payout chip 832 to be paid out with the obtained user ID.

[0261] The management control device 56 recognizes the chip ID that is no longer read from the chip tray 12 before and after the payout as the chip ID of the payout chip 832. When there are multiple players to receive payouts, the dealer pays out in order from the edge in a predetermined direction (for example, payouts are made in order from the edge on the right hand side of the dealer to the edge on the left hand side). This makes it possible to determine to which play position or player the payout chip 832 removed from the chip tray 12 is to be paid out, even when there are multiple players to receive payouts.

[0262] In addition, since the management control device 56 can determine the playing position of the losing player, it updates the database 57 so that the user ID associated with the chip ID read from the bet area 41 of that playing position is set to "D", which represents the casino or dealer.

[0263] As described above, in this example, the management control device 56 can determine which player or play position's bet chips 831 are paid out and which player or play position's bet chips 831 are collected by grasping the bet contents and the game results, and can also identify the chip IDs of those bet chips 831 and payout chips 832, so that it can determine which user ID should be changed and which user ID should be changed to for which chip ID in the database 57. This makes it possible to trace the holder of the gaming token 83.

[0264] (Example 6) 34 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of a sixth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 160 has a configuration similar to that of the second example. In baccarat, as described above, a plurality of play positions are provided on the gaming table 4004, and a bet area 41 is provided for each play position at a position corresponding to each play position on the gaming table 4004. In principle, one player plays at one play position.

[0265] However, when all play positions are filled, a player (back bet player) may appear behind a player (sitting player) playing at a play position and place a bet in the betting area 41 assigned to that sitting player, and such a bet may be permitted depending on the casino or the gaming table 4004. A back bet results in multiple gaming tokens 83 with different user IDs being bet in the same betting area. The management system 160 of this example makes it possible to trace the holder of the gaming token 83 even in such a case.

[0266] In the management system 160 of this example, as in the second example, the user ID of the gaming token 83 is stored in the rewritable area 22 of the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83, and no database is used. However, the management system 160 has a player identification system for identifying a player.

[0267] 35, a bet chip 831a of a user ID "P1" and a bet chip 831b of a user ID "P2" are bet in the same bet area 41b. At this time, "P1" and "P2" are read from the bet area 41b as the user IDs of the gaming token 83.

[0268] 36 to 38 are diagrams for explaining examples of payouts when both players win the game. First, as shown in FIG. 35, a payout is made to the player 82a with the user ID "P1". At this time, the management system 160 cannot distinguish whether a payout is made to the player 82a with the user ID "P1" or to the player 82b with the user ID "P2", and cannot make the written information different for a plurality of game tokens 83 in one betting area 41. Therefore, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user IDs of all game tokens 83 in the betting area 41b to selective information "P1 or P2".

[0269] When the player 82a who has received the payout takes his / her bet chips 831a and payout chips 832a from the bet area 41b, as shown in FIG. 37, bet chips 831b with a user ID of "P1 or P2" remain in the bet area 41b. The dealer confirms that the player 82a has taken the gaming tokens 83, and pays out payout chips 832b with a user ID of "D" to the bet chips 831b, as shown in FIG. 38. At this time, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user IDs of all the gaming tokens 83 in the bet area 41 to "P1 or P2".

[0270] As a result, both the players 82a and 82b who have placed bets in the same betting area 41 will own the gaming token 83 in which "P1 or P2" is recorded as the user ID.

[0271] If these players 82a and 82b were to use those gaming tokens 83 to bet again in the same betting area 41, then both of the betting chips 831a and 831b would have "P1 or P2" recorded as the user ID. Alternatively, some of the betting chips may contain gaming tokens 83 with user IDs of "P1" or "P2". In these cases, when making a payout according to the game result, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to selectively write "P1 or P2" as the user ID of all gaming tokens 83 placed in the betting area 41 at the time of payout.

[0272] When the bet chip 831 with the user ID "P1 or P2" is collected in the chip tray 12, "D" representing the casino or dealer is written as the user ID.

[0273] Thereafter, when a player 82a, 82b individually bets a gaming token 83 on which the user IDs of multiple users are selectively recorded in the betting area 41, and the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system matches any of the user IDs of the options, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the selective user ID of the gaming token 83 to the matching user ID.

[0274] For example, when the player 82a bets the gaming token 83 having "P1 or P2" recorded as the user ID alone in the betting area 41, the RF control device 54 reads the user ID "P1 or P2" from the betting chip 831 in the betting area 41, and the player identification system recognizes that the user ID of the player who bet in the betting area 41 is "P1". In this case, since the user ID "P1" matches, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID of the betting chip 831 in the betting area 41 to "P1".

[0275] On the other hand, when a player who owns a gaming token 83 on which a user ID is selectively recorded places a bet, and a player with a user ID that is not included in the options bets in the same betting area 41 and receives a payout according to the game result, the user ID of the gaming token 83 is selectively written to include the user ID of that player as an option.

[0276] For example, if a player 82a bets gaming tokens 83 having "P1 or P2" recorded as the user ID in the betting area 41, and another player bets gaming tokens 83 having "P3" recorded as the user ID in the same betting area 41, when making a payout according to the outcome of the game, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user IDs of all gaming tokens 83 including the payout chips in the betting area 41 to "P1 or P2 or P3."

[0277] As described above, in this example, by allowing selective recording as a user ID, it is possible to trace the holder even when multiple players bet in the same betting area. Furthermore, by using a player identification system, it is also possible to definitively rewrite the user ID that was selectively recorded.

[0278] In addition, if multiple players bet on the same bet area 41, and some players win and some players lose, the bet chips of the losing players are collected first, so for the collected bet chips, when they are read by the chip tray 12, "D" is recorded as the user ID, and the above processing is performed for the bet chips that receive the payout chips 832 and the payout chips that are paid out in response to them.

[0279] (Example 7) 39 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of a seventh example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 170 has a similar configuration to the management system 130 of the third example. In the management system 170, even when a plurality of players bet on the same betting area 41, it is possible to trace the holder of the gaming token 83.

[0280] 40 to 44 are diagrams for explaining an example of updating the database 57. When the player 82a bets the bet chip 831a on the bet area 41b and the player 82b bets the bet chip 831b on the same bet area 41b, as shown in FIG. 40, the RF control device 54 reads out the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" of the bet chip 831a and the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" of the bet chip 831b from the bet area 41b as user IDs, and outputs them to the management control device 56 as a combination with the area ID "Area 2" of the bet area 41. Also, the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" are read out from the chip tray 12, and the management control device 56 obtains a combination with the area ID "Arrea T" of the chip tray 12.

[0281] As shown in FIG. 40, at this point in time, in database 57, chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" are associated with user ID "P1," chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" are associated with user ID "P2," and chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" are associated with user ID "D."

[0282] As a result of the game, if both the players 82a and 82b win, the dealer first pays out to either the bet chip 831a or the bet chip 831b, as shown in Fig. 41. At this time, the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" of the bet chip 831a and the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" of the bet chip 831b as well as the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" of the payout chip 832a are read from the bet area 41b, and are output to the management control device 56 as a combination with the area ID "Area 2" of the bet area 41.

[0283] At this stage, the management control device 56 cannot yet determine whether the payout chip 832a has been paid out to the bet chip 831a with chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" or to the bet chip 831b with chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005", and therefore does not update the database 57.

[0284] Next, when the player 82a removes the bet chips 831a and the corresponding payout chips 832a from the bet area 41b, only the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" of the remaining bet chips 831b are read from the bet area 41b as shown in FIG. Based on this change, the management control device 56 determines that the payout chips 832a with chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" read in the bet area 41b have been paid out for the bet chips 831a with chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005", and rewrites the user ID associated with the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" in the database 57 from "D" to "P1", i.e., the user ID associated with the bet chips 831a removed from the bet area 41b along with the payout chips 832a with chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005".

[0285] The dealer confirms that the bet chip 831a and the payout chip 832a paid out in response thereto are removed from the bet area 41b, and then pays out the payout chip 832b in response to the bet chip 831b to the same bet area 41b, as shown in Fig. 43. Then, the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" of the bet chips 831b and the chip IDs "C20006" to "C20010" of the payout chips 832b are read from the bet area 41b, and are recorded in the management control device 56 in combination with the area ID "Area 2" of the bet area 41.

[0286] Thereafter, when the player 82b takes the bet chips 831b and the payout chips 832b, as shown in Fig. 44, the chip IDs are not read from the bet area 41b, and only the chip IDs read from the chip tray 12 are input to the management control device 56. Based on this change, the management control device 56 determines that the payout chips 832b with chip IDs "C20006" to "C20010" have been passed to the same player as the players with chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005", and updates the database 57 so that the user IDs associated with the chip IDs "C20006" to "C20010" in the database 57 become the same as the user IDs associated with the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005".

[0287] As described above, the management system 170 of this example detects that the bet chip 831 and the payout chip 832 have been removed from the betting area together, and updates the database 57 so that the user ID of the payout chip 832 becomes the same as the user ID of the betting chip 831. Therefore, even if game tokens 83 of multiple players have been bet on the same betting area 41, it is possible to know to which player the payout chip 832 has been paid out by paying out the tokens to those players in order, and update the database 57, thereby making it possible to trace the holder of the game token.

[0288] (Example 8) 45 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system of an eighth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 180 has a configuration similar to that of the management system 140 of the fourth example. However, in the management system 180, a player pair area 44, a tie area 45, and a banker pair area 46 are provided as betting areas on a gaming table 4004. Also, antennas 514, 515, and 516 are provided on the gaming table 4004 in correspondence with the player pair area 44, the tie area 45, and the banker pair area 46.

[0289] Each of these areas 44 to 46 is divided into sections for play positions within the area, and when a player bets on these areas 44 to 46, the player places a bet chip in a position (section) within these areas that corresponds to the player's play position.

[0290] That is, the player pair area 44, the tie area 45, and the bank pair area 46 are shared betting areas shared by multiple players. In the example of FIG. 45, players 82a to 82c are participating in the game, and among them, players 82b and 82c bet bet chips 831b and 831c on the tie area 45, respectively.

[0291] In this example, for the common betting areas 44 to 46, the holder of the gaming token 83 can be traced in the same manner as in the sixth or seventh example. Even if the management system 180 does not have the database 57, the holder of the gaming token 83 can be traced in the same manner as in the sixth example, and even if the management system 180 does not have a player identification system, the holder of the gaming token 83 can be traced in the same manner as in the seventh example for the common betting areas.

[0292] (Example 9) FIG. 46 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system in a ninth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 190 includes a player identification system. In this example, the gaming token 83 is traced without using the database 57. The gaming table 4004 is provided with pay areas 42a-42e and corresponding antennas 512a-512e. The fixed information 3 of the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83 stores information indicating the amount (value) of the gaming token 83, and the variable information 4 stores the user ID of the holder.

[0293] In this example, the database 57 may also be used, in which case a chip ID is stored in the gaming token 83, and the amount (value) of the gaming token 83 and the user ID of the holder are stored in association with the chip ID in the database 57.

[0294] As shown in FIG. 47, when player 82a's bet chips 831a (five chips with the value of "100") and player 82b's bet chips 831b (two chips with the value of "1000") are placed in the bet area 41b, five gaming tokens 83 with the value of "100" and a user ID of "P1" are read from this bet area 41b, and two gaming tokens 83 with the value of "1000" and a user ID of "P2" are read, and these are output to the management control device 56 together with the area ID of the bet area 41, which is "Area 2."

[0295] The management control device 56 detects the bet amount for each player by calculating the total value of the bet chips for each player in each bet area 41. In the case of FIG. 47, the management control device 56 detects that the bet amount for user ID "P1" is "500" and the bet amount for user ID "P2" is "2000".

[0296] As a result of the game, if both the players 82a and 82b win, the dealer pays out (redeems) the bet chips 831a and 831b in turn. As shown in FIG. 48, when paying out the payout chip 832a for the bet chip 831a, the dealer places the payout chip 832a in the pay area 42b.

[0297] At this time, the RF control device 54 reads the gaming tokens 83 in the pay area 42b, reads that there are five gaming tokens 83 each with an amount of "100", and outputs this to the management control device 56. The management control device 56 detects the payout amount by calculating the total amount of the payout chips 832a read in the pay area 42b.

[0298] The management control device 56 compares the payout amount of the payout chip 832a with the bet amount for each player in the bet area 41b, and identifies a player whose bet amount matches the payout amount. In the case of FIG. 48, five payout chips 832a with an amount of "100" are read from the pay area 42b, and the payout amount is detected to be "500". The management control device 56 determines that the payout amount "500" matches the bet amount "500" of the bet chip 831a of the user ID "P1", and rewrites the user ID of the payout chip 832a to "P1".

[0299] After that, when the player 82a takes the payout chip 832a and the bet chip 831a, the bet chip 831b of the player 82b remains in the bet area 41b as shown in Fig. 49. When the dealer places the payout chip 832b to be paid out for the bet chip 831b in the pay area 42b, the management control device 56 detects the payout amount of the payout chip 832b by calculating the total amount of the payout chip 832b.

[0300] The management control device 56 compares the payout amount of the payout chip 832b with the bet amount for each player in the bet area 41b, and identifies a player whose bet amount matches the payout amount. In the case of FIG. 49, two payout chips 832b with an amount of "1000" are read from the pay area 42b, and the payout amount is detected to be "2000". The management control device 56 determines that the payout amount "2000" matches the bet amount "2000" of the bet chip 831b of the user ID "P2", and rewrites the user ID of the payout chip 832b to "P2".

[0301] As described above, in the management control system 190 of this example, even if multiple players bet on the same betting area 41, if their bet amounts are different, it is determined to which player the payout chips are paid out based on the bet amount and the payout amount of the payout chips.

[0302] (Example 10) In the above first to ninth examples, if the player 82 is a non-member who is not registered as a member, the player identification system cannot identify the player 82 because a user ID is not given to such a non-member. Also, as described above, for the gaming token 83 owned by a non-member, a valid user ID cannot be stored in the RFID tag 2 or database 57, so "Unknown" is recorded as the user ID.

[0303] When the management system pays out a payout chip 832 to a non-member player, it sets the user ID of the payout chip 832 to "Unknown," and when it collects a bet chip 831 from a non-member player, it sets the user ID of the bet chip 831 to "D."

[0304] When a member player and a non-member player bet in the same betting area 41, if both players win the game, the dealer may make a payout under the rule that the payout is always made to the non-member player, or always made to the member player.

[0305] For example, if a rule is in place that non-members are always paid out first, the management system will rewrite the user ID of the first paid out payout chip 832 to "Unknown," and rewrite the user ID of any subsequently paid out payout chips 832 to the user ID of a player who is a member, using the example above.

[0306] Also, for example, if a rule is applied that the member is always paid out first, the management system rewrites the user ID of the first paid out payout chip 832 to the user ID identified from the bet chip 831, and rewrites the user ID of the later paid out payout chip 832 to "Unknown."

[0307] When identifying a player using a card authentication system, the dealer scans the member's card 81 himself, and can therefore know which player is a member, but when identifying a player using a face recognition system, the dealer cannot know which player is a member. Therefore, visual information indicating the play position or betting area where the user ID was recognized may be shown to the dealer on a monitor or the like as the recognition result by the face recognition system.

[0308] (Example 11) 50 is a diagram showing an example of a bet area in the eleventh example of the fourth embodiment. In this example, the bet area 41 of each play position is divided into a bet area 411 for members and a bet area 412 for non-members, and the antenna is also divided into an antenna 5111 for members and an antenna 5112 for non-members.

[0309] The management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID of the gaming token 83 for the betting chips 831 bet in the betting area 411 for members, as in the first to ninth examples above, and rewrites all user IDs of the payout chips 832 paid out in response to the betting chips 831 bet in the betting area 412 for non-members to "Unknown".

[0310] According to this example, gaming tokens 83 in which the user ID given to the player is stored in itself or in the database 57 and gaming tokens 83 in which the user ID given to the player is not stored in itself or in the database 57 (the user ID is "Unknown") are not read together, and it is possible to effectively trace gaming tokens 83 in which the user ID given to the player is stored in itself or in the database 57.

[0311] Figures 51A and 51B are diagrams showing other examples of bet areas in the eleventh example of the fourth embodiment. In this example, the bet area 41 of each play position is selectively set to a bet area 41 for members as shown in Figure 51A or a bet area 41 for non-members as shown in Figure 51B.

[0312] A display unit 413 is provided near each betting area 41 to variably display whether the betting area 41 is set for a member or a non-member. This display unit 413 is installed under the lining of the gaming table 4004, and the display information is visible to the player through the lining.

[0313] The means for visually indicating whether each betting area 41 is set for a member or a non-member is not limited to the display unit 413 embedded under the lining of the gaming table 4004. For example, whether each betting area 41 is set for a member or a non-member may be displayed by a monitor installed on the gaming table 4004 so as to be visible to the player.

[0314] By controlling the RF control device 54, if the betting area 41 is set for members, the management control device 56 rewrites the user IDs of the gaming tokens 83 for the betting chips 831 bet there, as in the first to ninth examples above, and if the betting area 41 is set for non-members, the management control device 56 rewrites all of the user IDs of the payout chips 832 paid out in response to the betting chips 831 bet there to "Unknown".

[0315] In this example as well, gaming tokens 83 in which the user ID given to the player is stored in itself or in the database 57 and gaming tokens 83 in which the user ID given to the player is not stored in itself or in the database 57 (the user ID is "Unknown") are not read in a mixed manner, and it is possible to effectively trace gaming tokens 83 in which the user ID given to the player is stored in itself or in the database 57.

[0316] (Example 12) In the above first to ninth examples, even when the gaming tokens 83 are exchanged between the dealer and the player at the gaming table 4003, it is possible to trace the holder of the gaming token 83. In this case, the management system includes a progress status determination means for determining the progress status of the game (i.e., whether a bet is being made, a game is being played, or settlement is being made). As such progress status determination means, the card distribution device 4003 can be used, but any other means may also be used.

[0317] In the management system of this example, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 during betting to make each antenna periodically read at a predetermined time interval. When a gaming token 83 with a user ID of "D" is read in any of the betting areas 41 or any of the pay areas 42 (hereinafter referred to as "reading areas of the gaming table 4004") during betting, and when a gaming token 83 with a user ID of the user ID assigned to a member is read in the chip tray 12, the management control device 56 determines that the gaming token 83 is being exchanged.

[0318] This is because, in terms of the operation of baccarat, during betting, the gaming tokens 83 cannot be moved from the chip tray 12 onto the gaming table 4003 except for exchange, and the gaming tokens 83 of the player on the gaming table 4003 cannot be moved to the chip tray 12. Note that when the game progress status is "in game", such movement of the gaming tokens 83 is considered as a fraudulent act, and therefore the management control device 56 may output an alarm when it detects such movement of the gaming tokens 83 during the game.

[0319] If, during betting, a gaming token 83 whose user ID is the user ID assigned to a member or "Unknown" is read by the chip tray 12, the management control device 56 determines that the gaming token 83 is a gaming token 83 (pre-exchange chips) that has been placed by a player on the gaming table 4004 for exchange between chips.

[0320] Specifically, if a user ID is stored in the gaming token 83 itself, the management control device 56 determines that an exchange is occurring when the user ID given to the member or "Unknown" is read from the chip tray 12 during a bet, and if a user ID is stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 determines that an exchange is occurring when the number of gaming tokens 83 read from the chip tray 12 during a bet decreases. Alternatively, if a user ID is stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 may determine that an exchange is occurring when the number of gaming tokens 83 read from the chip tray during a bet increases.

[0321] In addition, when a gaming token 83 with a user ID of "D", indicating that the gaming token is held by a casino or a dealer, is read in the reading area of ​​the gaming table 4004 during a bet, the management control device 56 determines that the gaming token 83 is a gaming token 83 (exchanged chip) to be given to the player in correspondence with the pre-exchange chip.

[0322] Specifically, if a user ID is stored in the gaming token 83 itself, the management control device 56 determines that an exchange has occurred when the user ID "D" is read from the reading area of ​​the gaming table 4004 during betting, and if a user ID is stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 periodically reads the reading area of ​​the gaming table 4004 during betting and determines that a gaming token 83 with the user ID "D" has been read from the reading area of ​​the gaming table 4004 by referring to the database 57 each time it is read.

[0323] The management control device 56 rewrites the user ID of the pre-exchanged chip to "D", which represents a casino or a dealer, and rewrites the user ID of the exchanged chip to the user ID of the pre-exchanged chip. Specifically, if a user ID is stored in the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID stored in the corresponding pre-exchanged chip and exchanged chip, and if the user ID is stored in the database 57 in association with a chip ID, the management control device 56 rewrites the user ID associated with the corresponding chip ID in the database 57.

[0324] In addition, after identifying the pre-exchange chip and the exchanged chip, the management control device 56 may control the RF control device 54 to exchange their user IDs (if the user ID is stored in the gaming token 83) or update the database 57 (if the user ID is stored in the database 57).

[0325] In the above embodiment, the member's card 81 is a magnetic card, and the card reader 53 is a magnetic card reader that reads information from the magnetic stripe of the member's card 81. Alternatively, an RFID tag may be embedded in the member's card 81, and the user ID may be recorded in the RFID tag. In this case, an RFID reader consisting of an antenna and an RF control device 54 is used as the card reader 53. Also, such an antenna may be provided at each play position. In this case, the player has his / her member's card 81 read at each play position without handing it over to the dealer. The user ID read from the member's card 81 is transmitted from each antenna to the RF control device 54 together with information identifying the play position. Furthermore, the antenna 511 and the RF control device 54 provided in the betting area 41 may be used as an RFID reader for reading the member's card 81. In this case, the player can have the antenna 511 read the user ID by placing the member's card 81 on the betting area 41 at his / her play position.

[0326] The first to eleventh examples of the fourth embodiment described above disclose the following techniques: (A1) A management system for managing gaming tokens, comprising: an owner identification means for identifying the owner of the gaming token by referring to a storage means that stores the owner of the gaming token when the gaming token is used; a player identification means for identifying a player who has used the gaming token when the gaming token is used; The control means is a management system in which, when the holder identified by the holder identification means for the used gaming token does not match the player identified by the player identification means, the control means stores the player identified by the player identification means as the holder in the storage means.

[0327] (A2) A management system of (A1), in which the control means stores in the memory means a mismatch between the holder identified by the holder identification means and the player identified by the player identification means for the used gaming token.

[0328] (A3) The management system of (A1), wherein the player identification means identifies the player who used the gaming token by facial recognition or reading an ID card.

[0329] (A4) The management system of (A1), wherein the storage means is a database or an RFID tag embedded in the gaming token.

[0330] (A5) A management system for managing tokens for gaming, comprising: A storage means for storing the holders of the game tokens; a player identification means for identifying a player who receives redemption of the gaming token; a control means for causing the memory means to store the player as the holder of the gaming token to be redeemed; A management system having:

[0331] (A6) the specifying means further specifies a betting area assigned to the player; The control device determines to which player the gaming token to be redeemed will be redeemed by identifying which of the bet areas the gaming token to be redeemed will be redeemed to. (A5) A management system.

[0332] (A7) When the gaming tokens, the holder of which is stored as the player identified by the identification means, and the gaming tokens, the holder of which is not stored as the player identified by the identification means, are bet in the betting area, the control device A management system (A5) for storing a player identified by the identification means as the holder of the gaming token to be redeemed for the gaming token of which the player identified by the identification means is stored as the holder.

[0333] (A8) Further comprising a detection device for detecting the amount of the tokens to be redeemed; When the gaming tokens, the holder of which is stored as a player specified by the specifying means, and the gaming tokens, the holder of which is not stored as a player specified by the specifying means, are bet in the betting area, the control device A management system (A5) in which, for the gaming token to be redeemed into the bet area after the detection device detects an amount equivalent to redemption for the gaming token for which the player identified by the identification means is not stored as the owner, the management system stores the player identified by the identification means as the owner of the gaming token.

[0334] (A9) Further comprising a detection device for detecting the amount of the tokens to be redeemed; When the gaming tokens, the holder of which is stored as a player specified by the specifying means, and the gaming tokens, the holder of which is not stored as a player specified by the specifying means, are bet in the betting area, the control device The management system of (A5) stores the player identified by the identification means as the holder of the gaming token detected first by the detection device in the bet area.

[0335] (A10) A management system of any of (A6) to (A9), wherein the betting area includes an area for betting the gaming tokens for which the player identified by the identification means is stored as the owner, and an area for betting the gaming tokens for which the player identified by the identification means is not stored as the owner.

[0336] (A11) A management system according to any of (A6) to (A10), further comprising an output means for outputting visual information for distinguishing between the betting area on which the gaming token, whose owner is the player identified by the identification means and the betting area on which the gaming token, whose owner is not the player identified by the identification means, is bet.

[0337] (A12) A management system for managing tokens for gaming, A storage means for storing the holders of the game tokens; a player identification means for identifying a plurality of candidate players who may receive the stack of the gaming tokens that have been paid out; a control means for causing the storage means to store the plurality of candidate players as holders of each of the gaming tokens constituting the stack to be paid out; A management system having:

[0338] (A13) The management system of (A12), wherein the player identification means identifies a plurality of players who will receive the payout as a result of betting on the same betting area as the plurality of candidate players.

[0339] (A14) The player identification means identifies a betting player who bets the gaming token, the management system further comprises a holder identification means for identifying the plurality of candidate players stored in the storage means as holders of the gaming tokens that have been bet; The management system of (A12), wherein, when the betting player identified by the player identification means matches any one of the plurality of candidate players identified by the owner identification means, the control means determines the matching candidate player as the owner and stores the same in the memory means.

[0340] (B1) A management system for managing chips having identification information stored therein, which are used in games at a gaming table, comprising: A first identification device that reads the identification information stored in a betting chip placed in a betting area on the gaming table; A second identification device that acquires the identification information stored in a payout chip that is paid out in response to the betting chip; a storage device that stores the identification information in association with the owner of the chip that stores the identification information; A management system comprising: a control device that stores in the memory device the holder associated with the identification information read from the betting chip by the first identification device as the holder associated with the identification information of the payout chip acquired by the second identification device.

[0341] (B2) The second identification device is the first identification device, and obtains the identification information stored in the payout chip by reading the identification information stored in the payout chip placed in the bet area.

[0342] (B3) The second identification device is a device that reads the identification information stored in multiple chips in a dealer's chip tray, and obtains the identification information stored in the dispensing chip from the difference between the multiple identification information read before the dispensing chip is dispensed and the multiple identification information read after the dispensing chip is dispensed. (B1) Management system.

[0343] (B4) The second identification device obtains the identification information stored in the payout chip by reading the identification information stored in the payout chip placed in a payout area different from the betting area on the gaming table.

[0344] (B5) the first identification device periodically reads the identification information; The control device stores in the memory device, when the first identification device is no longer able to read the identification information that it read from the betting chip, the holder associated with the identification information that is no longer read by the first identification device, as the holder associated with the identification information of the payout chip acquired by the second identification device.

[0345] (B6) the second identification device periodically reads the identification information stored in the dispensing chip to obtain the identification information, The control device stores in the memory device, when the second identification device stops reading the identification information read from the payout chip by the first identification device, the holder associated with the identification information read from the betting chip by the first identification device as the holder associated with the identification information that is no longer read. (B1) A management system.

[0346] (B7) A management system for managing chips having identification information stored therein, which are used in games at a gaming table, comprising: a first identification device that acquires the identification information stored in the unexchanged chips placed on the gaming table by a player for the exchange between the chips; a second identification device that acquires the identification information stored in an exchanged chip that is to be given to the player in correspondence with the unexchanged chip; a storage device that stores the identification information in association with the owner of the chip that stores the identification information; a control device that stores in the storage device a holder associated with the identification information of the pre-exchange chip acquired by the first identification device as a holder associated with the identification information of the exchanged chip acquired by the second identification device; A management system having:

[0347] (B8) The control device further stores in the memory device the holder associated with the identification information of the pre-exchange chip acquired by the second identification device as the holder associated with the identification information of the post-exchange chip acquired by the first identification device.The management system of (B7).

[0348] (B9) A management system according to (B7), wherein the first identification device is a reading device that reads the identification information of multiple chips in a dealer's chip tray, and obtains the increased identification information as the identification information stored in the pre-exchange chip.

[0349] (B10) The second identification device is a reading device that reads the identification information of multiple chips in a dealer's chip tray, and obtains the reduced identification information as the identification information stored in the exchanged chip. (B7) Management system.

[0350] (B11) A management system for managing the exchange of chips having identification information stored therein used in games at a gaming table, comprising: a reader for reading the identification information stored in the chip placed in a reading area on the gaming table for exchange; a storage device that stores the identification information in association with the owner of the chip that stores the identification information; a control device that, when an owner associated with the identification information stored in a first chip read by the reading device is different from an owner associated with the identification information stored in a second chip different from the first chip read by the reading device, stores in the storage device an owner associated with the identification information stored in the first chip as an owner associated with the identification information stored in the second chip; A management system having:

[0351] (Fifth embodiment) Fig. 52 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system according to a fifth embodiment. The management system 210 according to this embodiment can be used in addition to or instead of the player identification system according to any of the first to fourth embodiments. That is, in this embodiment, a system for identifying a player by face authentication and a system for identifying a player by scanning a member's card have been described as a player identification system, but the player identification system according to this embodiment can be used in addition to these systems or can be used instead of these systems.

[0352] As shown in FIG. 52, at each play position of the gaming table 5004 in this embodiment, card reading areas 61a to 61e (hereinafter collectively referred to as "card reading areas 61") for reading a member's card 810 are provided in front of the betting area 41.

[0353] A member's card 810 has a built-in card RFID tag 811. This card RFID tag 811 stores a user ID.

[0354] Card reading antennas 711a to 711e (hereinafter collectively referred to as "card reading antennas 711") that read the card RFID tag 811 of a membership card 810 placed therein are embedded in the card reading area 61. The card reading antennas 711 are connected to the RF control device 54. The RF control device 54 controls the card reading antennas 711 to read information from the card RFID tag 811.

[0355] According to this example, even when identifying a player by a member's card, there is no need for a casino operator such as a dealer or pit operator to scan the member's card and specify the play position as in the above embodiment in order to match the play position with the member. The player simply places his or her member's card 810 in the card reading area 61 in front of the betting area 41 of the gaming table 5004, and the play position can be matched with the member.

[0356] In this example, the card reading area 61 also reads gaming tokens 83 held by the player that have not been bet in the betting area 41 (hereinafter also referred to as "reserve chips 833"). In this example, the gaming tokens 83 have an RFID tag 2 (hereinafter also referred to as "chip RFID tag 2" to distinguish it from the card RFID tag 811) built in. The chip RFID tag 2 stores information on the chip ID and / or value (amount) of the gaming token 83.

[0357] In the example of Fig. 52, when the player 82a wins the game and receives a payout, the paid out payout chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b. In the database 57, the owner of this payout chip 832b is updated from the dealer or casino to the player 82a. Specifically, in the database 57, the user ID associated with the chip ID of the payout chip 832b is changed from the user ID indicating the dealer or casino, and the chip ID of the payout chip 832 is rewritten to the user ID of the user 82a, that is, the user ID read from the member's card 810 in the member's card reading area 61b.

[0358] Alternatively, when the payout chip 832b is read by the card reading area 61b, the user ID associated with the payout chip 832b may be rewritten to the user ID read from the member's card 810 by the card reading area 61b.

[0359] In addition, in the case where the database 57 stores a user ID in association with the value of the gaming tokens 83 held by the member of that user ID, when the payout chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b or the card reading area 61b, the database 57 may be updated so that the value of the payout chip 832b is associated with the user ID read in the card reading area 61b.

[0360] Also, a user ID may be associated with the chip ID and / or value of the gaming token 83 held by the member of the user ID, and stored in the card RFID tag 811 of the member's card 810 held by the member, instead of in the database 57. In this case, in the card reading area 61, it is possible to write to the member's card 810 in addition to reading.

[0361] When the payout chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b or the card reading area 61b, the chip ID and / or value of the payout chip 832b is stored in the member's card 810, thereby associating the user ID stored in the member's card 810 with the chip ID and / or value of the gaming token 83 held by the member of that user ID.

[0362] Also, a user ID may be associated with the chip ID and / or value of a gaming token held by a member of the user ID, and stored in the chip RFID tag 2 instead of in the database 57. In this case, in the betting area 41 or the card reading area 61, writing as well as reading can be performed on the chip RFID tag 2.

[0363] When the chip ID and / or value of the payout chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b or the card reading area 61b, the user ID of the member's card 810 read in the card reading area 61b is stored in the chip RFID tag 2 of the payout chip 832b, thereby associating the user ID stored in the member's card 810 with the chip ID and / or value of the gaming token 83 held by the member with that user ID.

[0364] Also, regarding the chip ID of the gaming token 83 that can no longer be read by either the card reading antenna 711 or the antenna 511 of the betting area 41 (hereinafter also referred to as the "chip reading antenna 511" to distinguish it from the card reading antenna 711), it may be recorded that the token has been collected and is in the possession of the dealer or the casino. Alternatively, regarding the value of the gaming token 83 that can no longer be read by either the card reading antenna 711 or the chip reading antenna 511, it may be recorded that the value has been transferred to the dealer or the casino.

[0365] The database 57 may record not only information about the members and the gaming tokens held by the members, but also the betting records of each member. In this case, when the gaming token 83 is bet in the betting area 41, the chip ID of the betting chip 831 in the betting area 41 is read and its value, i.e., the betting amount, is determined by referring to the database 57, or, if a value is stored in the chip RFID tag 2, the betting amount is determined by reading the value in the betting area 41. The betting amount is recorded in the database 57 as the betting record of the member in association with the user ID of the member's card 810 read in the card reading area 61 of the play position.

[0366] In addition, in the above embodiment, a card reading area 61 is provided in addition to the betting area 41 at each play position, and a chip reading antenna 511 is provided in the betting area 41 and a card reading antenna 711 is provided in the card reading area 61, respectively. However, it is also possible to read and write to the card RFID tag 811 of the member's card 810 using the chip reading antenna 511 in the betting area 41 without providing the card reading area 61 and the card reading antenna 711.

[0367] That is, in the above embodiment, the antenna for reading the chip RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83 such as the payout chip 832 at each play position and the antenna for reading the member's card 810 may be the same antenna.

[0368] In the above embodiment, a card reading area 61 for a back bet player may be provided between each play position. As described above, since the back bet player shares the same betting area 41 as the sitting player, it is necessary to determine whether the payout chip 832 has been paid out to the sitting player or the back bet player, but this problem can be dealt with by the solution of the above embodiment (for example, by associating the user ID of both the sitting player and the user ID of the back bet player with the chip ID of the payout chip 832).

[0369] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, even when multiple member cards 810 are read simultaneously in one card reading area 61 and multiple stacks of bet chips 831 are bet in one corresponding bet area 41, the user ID and chip ID can be associated in the same manner as in the above embodiment.

[0370] In this embodiment, a player who is not registered as a member may be provided with a non-member member's card by the dealer in the game table 5004. Hereinafter, a member's card provided to a registered member is particularly referred to as a "regular member's card," and a member's card provided to an unregistered player is particularly referred to as a "non-regular member's card."

[0371] The non-regular member's card may store a temporary user ID as a user ID, which indicates that the player is an unregistered player. In this case, the temporary user IDs may be different for multiple non-regular member's cards. This makes it impossible to identify an individual unregistered player, but makes it possible to manage unregistered players separately from each other. Furthermore, when an unregistered player registers as a member, it is also possible to transfer the information recorded on that player's non-regular member's card to the regular member's card.

[0372] In this embodiment, the member's card 810 may be placed in the card reading area 61 at all times, and reading and writing may always be performed in the card reading area 61. When the association between the user ID of the player 82 and the chip ID or value of the gaming token 83 owned by the player 82 is stored in the database 57 or the chip RFID tag 2, the member's card 810 may be read for the first time in the card reading area 61, and the database 57 and the chip RFID tag 2 may be updated assuming that the player 82 of the member's card 810 is always playing in that playing position until another member's card 810 is read next, or until it is released by the dealer.

[0373] When a player takes a play position and places the member's card 810 and the gaming token 83 (reserve chip 833) that the player possesses in the card reading area 61, the RF control device 54 uses the card reading antenna 711 to read the card RFID tag 811 of the member's card 810 and the chip RFID tag 2 of the reserve chip 833. Meanwhile, the database 57 stores, for each member, the user ID and the gaming token 83 possessed by the member in association with each other.

[0374] The management control device 56 judges whether or not the combination of the user ID stored in the card RFID tag 811 and the chip ID stored in the chip RFID tag 2 read by the RF control device 54 is stored in the database 57. If the combination of the user ID and the chip ID read by the RF control device 54 is not stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 outputs an alert.

[0375] The fifth embodiment described above discloses the following techniques. (C1) The management system of one embodiment is a management system 210 in a facility that provides games using a gaming table 5004 having a play position, and is configured to include a member's card 810 having a card RFID tag 811 that stores member information (user ID) built in, and a card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) that is provided at the play position of the gaming table 5004 and reads the member information (user ID) from the card RFID tag 811.

[0376] (C2) The management system 210 of (C1) above may further include a chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) that determines the chip identification information (chip ID) of the payout chip (payout chip 832) paid out to the play position, a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores member information (user ID) and chip identification information (chip ID) of the chip (gaming token 83) owned by the member corresponding to the member information (user ID) in association with each other, and a management control device 56 that stores the member information (user ID) read at the play position and the chip identification information (chip ID) of the payout chip 832 determined at the play position in association with each other in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811).

[0377] (C3) The management system 210 of (C1) above may further include a chip determination device (a chip reading antenna 711, an image recognition system that recognizes the amount, or a management control device 56 that determines the value (amount) of a payout chip (payout chip 832) to be paid out to a play position) and a storage medium (a database 57, a chip RFID tag 2, or a card RFID tag 811) that stores member information (user ID) and the value (amount) of chips (game tokens) owned by the member corresponding to the member information (user ID) in association with each other, and the management control device 56 that stores in the storage medium (a database 57, a chip RFID tag 2, or a card RFID tag 811) the member information (user ID) read at the play position and the value (amount) of the payout chip (payout chip 832) determined at the play position in association with each other.

[0378] (C4) The management system 210 of (C1) above may further include a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores member information (user ID) and a betting amount corresponding to the member information (user ID) in association with each other, a chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) that determines chip identification information (chip ID) of the betting chip 831 bet at the play position, a database 57 that stores the correspondence between the chip identification information (chip ID) and the value (amount) of the betting chip 831, and a management control device 56 that refers to the database 57 to determine the value (amount) corresponding to the chip identification information (chip ID) determined at the play position, and updates the betting amount associated with the member information (user ID) stored in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) for the member information (user ID) read at the play position based on the value (amount).

[0379] (C5) The management system 210 of (C1) above may further include a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores member information (user ID) in association with a bet amount corresponding to the member information (user ID), a chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and database 57, chip reading antenna 511, or an image recognition system that determines the value of the chip) that determines the value of the bet chip 831 bet at the play position, and a management control device 56 that updates the bet amount associated with the member information (user ID) read at the play position and stored in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) for the member information (user ID) read at the play position based on the value (amount) of the bet chip 831 determined at the play position.

[0380] (C6) The management system 210 of (C1) above may further include a chip determination device (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) that determines chip identification information (chip ID) of a reserve chip 833 that is not bet at the play position, a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores member information (user ID) and chip identification information (chip ID) of a chip (game token 83) owned by a member corresponding to the member information (user ID) in association with each other, and a management control device 56 that stores in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) the member information (user ID) read at the play position and the chip identification information (chip ID) of the reserve chip 833 determined at the play position in association with each other.

[0381] (C7) The management system of (C1) above may further include a chip determination device (the card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54, or an image recognition system that determines the value of the reserve chip 833) that determines the value (amount) of the reserve chip 833 that has not been bet at the play position, a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores member information (user ID) and the value (amount) of the chip (game token 83) owned by the member corresponding to the member information (user ID) in association with each other, and a management control device 56 that stores in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) the member information (user ID) read at the play position and the value (amount) of the reserve chip 833 determined at the play position in association with each other.

[0382] (C8) In any of the management systems 210 of (C2), (C4), or (C6) above, the chip RFID tag 2 embedded in the chip (gaming token 83) may store chip identification information (chip ID) of the chip (gaming token 83), and the chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) and the card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) may be the same device, and the device may read the chip RFID tag 2 and the card RFID tag 811.

[0383] (C9) In any of the management systems 210 of (C3), (C5), or (C6) above, the value (amount) of the chip (gaming token 83) is stored in the chip RFID tag 2 built into the chip (gaming token 83), the chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) and the card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) are the same device, and the device may read the chip RFID tag 2 and the card RFID tag 811.

[0384] (C10) In the management system 210 of (C2) above, when one card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) simultaneously reads multiple pieces of member information (user IDs) from multiple member cards 810, the management control device 56 may associate the multiple pieces of member information (user IDs) read with chip identification information (chip ID) and store them in a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811).

[0385] (C11) In the management system 210 of (C2) to (C7) above, the storage medium may be provided in the chip (game token 83).

[0386] (C12) In the management system 210 of the above (C2) to (C7), the storage medium may be provided in the member's card 810.

[0387] (C13) In the management system 210 of (C2) to (C7) above, the storage medium may be provided in the database 57.

[0388] (C14) In the management system 210 of (C1) above, a card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711) for a sitting player and a card RFID reader (card reading antenna) for a back bet player may be provided at the playing position.

[0389] (C15) In the management system 210 of (C1) above, the member's card 810 may include a regular member's card in which member information specific to a registered member is stored in the card RFID tag 811, and a non-regular member's card in which temporary member information is stored in the card RFID tag 811.

[0390] (C16) In the management system 210 of (C15) above, a plurality of unauthorized membership cards may have different provisional member information stored in the card RFID tag 811.

[0391] (C17) In the management system 210 of (C1) above, the gaming table 5004 may have a plurality of play positions, and a card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) may be provided at each of the plurality of play positions.

[0392] (Sixth embodiment) In some of the above embodiments, a database storing information on gaming tokens is used to manage the gaming tokens. In this embodiment, an example of using the database constructed and updated as described above will be described. The database in this embodiment may be updated by any of the methods described in the above embodiments, or may be updated by a method other than the method described in the above embodiment.

[0393] Fig. 53 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a management system for gaming tokens according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. This management system 600 for gaming tokens is a system that judges abnormality in holder information by referring to a database that stores holder information. As shown in Fig. 53, the management system 600 for gaming tokens includes a database 603 that stores holder information of gaming tokens, a management device 602 that judges the presence or absence of abnormality in the holder information by referring to the database 603, a player identification device 601 that is installed at a predetermined location in the casino facility and identifies a player, thereby identifying that the player is at the predetermined location, and an alarm device 604 that outputs an alarm when an abnormality is detected by the management device 602.

[0394] Specifically, the management system 600 judges whether there is an abnormality in the combination of the player's location and the owner information. That is, the management device 602 judges whether there is an abnormality in the combination of the predetermined location where the player identified by the player identification device 601 is located and the owner information stored in the database 603.

[0395] In this embodiment, when restrictions (including prohibition) are imposed on taking the gaming token 1 out of or into the casino facility, the management system 600 judges whether the take-out / bring-in rules are being followed at the gate, and judges a situation in which the restrictions are about to be violated as an abnormality. For this purpose, the player identification device 601 and the alarm device 604 are installed at the gate 10 of the casino facility. That is, the player identification device 601 identifies that a player is at the gate 10, and the alarm device 604 outputs an alarm at the gate 10 in a manner that can be recognized by the casino staff or the player.

[0396] The player identification device 601 identifies players entering the casino facility through the gate 10 and players leaving the casino facility. The player identification device 601 identifies players by biometric authentication technology such as face recognition or ID cards such as casino member cards or My Number cards.

[0397] The database 603 stores a table 6031 that stores information (chip ID) that identifies the gaming token 1 and information (holder information: player ID) that identifies the player who owns the gaming token 1 in association with each other, and a table 6032 that stores information (chip ID) that identifies the gaming token 1 in association with amount information. By referring to these tables 6031 and 6032, it is possible to know how much gaming token 1 each player owns. When a player plays a game using the gaming token 1 at a casino facility, the gaming token 1 owned by the player increases or decreases, and the table 6031 is updated accordingly. Note that instead of using two tables, the table 6031 that stores the association between the chip ID and the player ID and the table 6032 that stores the association between the chip ID and the amount information, one table that stores the association between the chip ID, the player ID, and the amount information may be used.

[0398] The management device 602 judges whether or not there is an abnormality according to the take-out rules and / or bring-in rules of the gaming token 1 in the casino facility. In this embodiment, taking the gaming token 1 out of the casino facility and bringing the gaming token 1 into the casino facility are prohibited. Therefore, the management device 602 judges that there is an abnormality when the player identified as being at the gate 10 is stored in the database 603 as the holder of the gaming token 1.

[0399] Specifically, for a player passing through the gate 10 (entering or exiting), the management device 602 refers to the database 603 using the player ID of the player identified by the player identification device 601 to check whether the player is in possession of the gaming token 1. If the player identified by the player identification device 601 is in possession of the gaming token 1, the gate management device 602 outputs an alarm signal to the alarm device 604.

[0400] The alarm device 604 is provided at the gate 10 and outputs an alert such as a buzzer sound upon receiving an alarm signal. The alarm device 604 may be a device that transmits the alarm signal to a security room located away from the gate 10, or may be a device that records the alarm signal so that it can be verified later.

[0401] According to the management system 600 of the above example, when taking out the gaming token 1 outside the casino facility is prohibited, by identifying a player who is about to leave the casino facility at the gate 10, it is possible to check whether the player owns the gaming token 1 by referring to the database 603, and it is possible to detect that the player is about to take the gaming token 1 out of the casino facility in violation of the rules. For this detection, the change in the holder of the gaming token 1 is recorded (traced) in the database 603 within the casino facility, and the database 603 is referred to at the gate 10 to check whether the player owns the gaming token 1. Therefore, it is not necessary to find the gaming token 1 by inspecting the belongings of the player who is about to leave the casino facility, and the player can be smoothly allowed to leave.

[0402] Furthermore, according to the management system 600 of the above example, when it is prohibited to bring the gaming token 1 into the casino facility, by identifying a player who is about to enter the casino facility at the gate 10, it is possible to check whether the player possesses the gaming token 1 by referring to the database 603, and it is possible to detect that the player is about to bring the gaming token 1 into the casino facility in violation of the rules. For this detection, the change in the holder of the gaming token 1 is recorded (traced) in the database 603 within the casino facility, and the database 603 is referred to at the gate 10 to check whether the player possesses the gaming token 1. Therefore, it is not necessary to find the gaming token 1 by inspecting the belongings of the player who is about to enter the casino facility, and the player can be smoothly admitted.

[0403] The management system 600 of this embodiment can also be applied when the casino facility adopts rules that permit the taking out and / or bringing in of gaming tokens 1 up to a predetermined limit. In this case, the management device 602 refers to the database 603 to identify the total amount of gaming tokens 1 associated with the player who is about to pass through the gate 10 (exit and / or enter), and judges whether there is an abnormality according to the identified amount. Specifically, the management device 602 judges that the amount is normal when the identified amount is equal to or less than the limit set by the rules, and judges that there is an abnormality when the identified amount is above the limit set by the rules. When the management device 602 judges that there is an abnormality, it outputs an alarm signal.

[0404] The management system 600 of this embodiment can also be applied when a casino facility adopts a rule requiring a declaration at the gate 10 when taking out and / or bringing in the gaming token 1. In this case, a chip reader (not shown) reads the chip ID from the gaming token 1 related to the declaration of taking out or bringing in. The management device 602 refers to the database 603 and checks whether a combination of the chip ID read from the declared gaming token 1 and the player identified by the player identification device 601 is stored in the database 603, that is, whether the declared amount of the gaming token 1 based on the reading by the chip reader matches the total amount of the gaming token 1 stored in the database 603 as possessed by the player. The management device 602 judges that the verification is normal if the verification is successful, and judges that the verification is abnormal if the verification is unsuccessful.

[0405] At this time, the chip reader may read the chip ID of the gaming token 1 related to the declaration, and the management device 602 may compare the read chip ID with the chip ID of the gaming token 1 stored in the database 603 as being owned by the player identified by the player identification device 601, and may determine that the chip ID is normal if they match, and may determine that there is an abnormality if there is any gaming token 1 that does not match. In other words, the management device 602 may compare the declared amount with the amount stored in the database 603 to determine that there is an abnormality.

[0406] By using such a management system 600, when a limit is set on the amount of gaming tokens 1 that can be taken out of a casino facility and / or the amount of tokens that can be brought into the casino facility, such restrictions on taking out and / or bringing in can be reliably implemented.

[0407] In the above example, the management system 600 manages the gaming tokens 1 at the gate 10, but the management system 600 may be configured to identify a player at any other location where a player can be identified, and check the database 603 to determine whether the player at that location is holding a gaming token 1 that he or she should have, or whether the player at that location is holding a gaming token 1 that he or she should not have, and output an alarm if necessary.

[0408] For example, in the management system 600, the player identification device 601 and the alarm device 604 may be installed in a cage for exchanging the gaming token 1 for cash (purchasing the gaming token 1 and cashing in the gaming token 1). In this case, the database 603 may be checked to detect an abnormality in the holder information of a player who is purchasing the gaming token 1 or cashing in the gaming token 1. For example, in the case where the holder history is stored in the database 603 as the holder information as in the above embodiment, the management device 602 may determine that an abnormality exists when the holder history is fraudulent (for example, when the possession of a certain player is replaced by the possession of another player without passing through the possession of a dealer or casino facility).

[0409] Furthermore, when the holder of the gaming token 1 has not changed from a specific player for a certain period of time (e.g., 24 hours or more) and is held by the same player, this means that the player has been in the casino facility continuously for a certain period of time (e.g., 24 hours or more), and in such a case the management device 602 may output a warning signal for the player. For this reason, when the holder of the gaming token 1 is changed, the holder is updated and the time is recorded in the database 603.

[0410] Furthermore, the management device 602 may, for example, refer to the database 603 and determine that there is an abnormality when the number of gaming tokens 1 held by the same player is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. That is, the management device 602 may determine that there is an abnormality when the player holds more than a predetermined number of gaming tokens 1 that can be carried around in the casino facility (for example, 10,000 pieces). [Explanation of symbols]

[0411] 1 Substitute coin for games 2. RFID tags 3 Fixed information 4. Changes in Information 5. Blockchain Information 6. Factory 7 Backyard 8 Warehouse 9 Cage 10 Gates 11 Betting Area 12 Chip Tray 13 Reading device 14 Writing device 15 Management control device 16 RFID antennas 17 Database 21 Area where data cannot be rewritten (rewritable area) 22 Area where data can be rewritten (non-rewritable area) 41 Betting Area 42 Pay Area 44 Player Pair Area 45 Thailand Area 46 Bangka Pair Area 53 Card Reader 54 RF Control Device 55 Image Recognition Device 56 Management control device 57 Database 61 Card reading area 81 Member's Card 82 Player 83 Substitute coins for games 110~210 Management System 220 Location information 221 Date and time information 222 Location and event information 223 Owner Information 511, 512, 513 Antennas 711 Card reader antenna 810 Member's Card 811 Card RFID Tag 831 Betting Chips 832 Payout Chips 833 Reserve Chip 1001 Substitute coins for games 1002 Chip reader 1003 Control device 1004 Gaming Table 1009 Chip Tray 1025 chip placement area 1026 Pay Area 2002 Camera 2003 Card distribution device 2004 Gaming Table 2005 Dealer 2006 Guest (game participant / player) 2007 Chair 2008 Betting Area 2009 Chip 2010 area 2010P Player Area 2010B Bangka Area 2011 Game Recorder 2012 Image analysis equipment 2013 Result Display Lamp 2014 Control Device 5004 Gaming Table

Claims

1. A gaming token management system, comprising: A database storing information on holders of the gaming tokens; A management device that refers to the database and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the owner information; a first player recognition device that is installed in a predetermined location in the casino facility and recognizes a player; Equipped with The management device determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the combination of the player at the specified location recognized by the first player recognition device and the holder information stored in the database in accordance with the rules for taking out and / or bringing in the gaming tokens at the casino facility.

2. The management system according to claim 1 , wherein the first player recognition device is installed at a gate of the casino facility and recognizes that the player is at the gate as the predetermined location.

3. The management system according to claim 1 , wherein the first player recognition device includes a player identification device that identifies a recognized player.

4. The game device further includes a reading device that is installed at the predetermined location and that reads identification information of the gaming token held by the player recognized by the first player recognition device; the database stores the holder information of the gaming token and the identification information of the gaming token in association with each other; 2. The management system according to claim 1, wherein the management device determines that an abnormality exists when a combination of the player recognized by the first player recognition device as being in the specified location and the identification information read by the reading device does not match a combination of the owner information and the identification information associated in the database.

5. The apparatus further comprises a reading device that is installed at the predetermined location and that reads monetary information of the gaming tokens held by the player recognized by the first player recognition device; the database stores the holder information of the gaming token and a possessed amount based on the amount information of the gaming token in association with each other; 2. The management system according to claim 1, wherein the management device determines that an abnormality exists when a combination of the player recognized by the first player recognition device as being in the specified location and the amount of money possessed based on the amount information read by the reading device does not match a combination of the owner information associated in the database and the amount of money possessed based on the amount information.

6. a second player identification device that is installed in a predetermined location of the casino facility and recognizes a player who receives the gaming token by purchasing, paying out, or exchanging; 2. The management system according to claim 1, wherein the database stores information on the player identified by the second player identification device as the holder information of the gaming token.

7. the database stores, as the holder information, possession time information indicating the time when the holder acquired the gaming token or the duration for which the holder has possessed the gaming token; The management system according to claim 1 , wherein the management device determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the possession time information.

8. The management system according to claim 7 , wherein the management device determines that the abnormality exists when a continuous possession time of the same possessor obtained from the possession time information exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

9. the database stores a history of combinations of the holder information and currency information relating to the gaming token; The management system according to claim 1 , wherein the management device determines anomalies in the history of the holder.

10. A management system for managing gaming tokens having readable currency information, comprising: a database that stores information on holders of the gaming tokens in association with the currency information; a first player recognition device that is installed in a predetermined location in the casino facility and recognizes a player; a reading device that is installed at the predetermined location and that reads the currency information of the gaming token held by the player recognized by the first player recognition device; a management device that determines that an abnormality has occurred when a combination of the player recognized by the first player recognition device as being in the predetermined location and the currency information read by the reading device does not match a combination of the holder information and the currency information associated in the database; A management system having:

11. The currency information is identification information of the gaming token, the database stores the holder information of the gaming token and the identification information in association with each other; 11. The management system according to claim 10, wherein the management device determines that an abnormality exists when a combination of the player recognized by the first player recognition device as being in the specified location and the identification information read by the reading device does not match a combination of the owner information and the identification information associated in the database.

12. The currency information is amount information of the gaming token, the database stores the holder information of the gaming token and the amount of the token based on the amount information in association with each other; 11. The management system according to claim 10, wherein the management device determines that an abnormality has occurred when a combination of the player recognized by the first player recognition device as being in the specified location and the amount of money possessed based on the amount information read by the reading device does not match a combination of the owner information associated in the database and the amount of money possessed based on the amount information.

13. The management system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the first player recognition device includes a first player identification device that identifies a recognized player.

14. a second player identification device that is installed in a predetermined location of the casino facility and recognizes a player who receives the gaming token by purchasing, paying out, or exchanging; The management system according to claim 10 , wherein the database stores information on the player identified by the second player identification device as the holder information of the gaming token.

15. the database stores, as the holder information, possession time information indicating the time when the holder acquired the gaming token or the duration for which the holder has possessed the gaming token; The management system according to claim 10 , wherein the management device determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the possession time information.

16. The management system according to claim 15 , wherein the management device determines that the abnormality exists when a continuous possession time of the same possessor obtained from the possession time information exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

17. the database stores a history of combinations of the holder information and the currency information, The management system according to claim 10 , wherein the management device determines anomalies in the history of the owner.

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