Method for operating a harvester using a plant growth model - Patents.com

Abstract

A method for operating a harvester to harvest a crop in a field, wherein at least one operating value of an operating mechanism of the harvester is determined based on at least one plant characteristic of the crop. Plant characteristics are mapped in a plant growth model, which models the development of the plant characteristics over time and determines a predicted value or characteristic of the plant characteristics during harvest.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for operating a harvester for harvesting a crop in a field, wherein at least one operating value of an operating part of the harvester is determined on the basis of plant characteristics of said crop.

[0002] The speed at which a harvester travels through a field to harvest the crop planted in front of it is one example of such an operating value for the harvester's drive motor or gear mechanism. The prior art discloses control devices which suggest a value for the travel speed as a function of plant characteristics in the form of crop canopy height or density.

[0003] DE 4431824 C1 discloses a method for operating a combine harvester that relies on a data register. The data register stores past area-specific yield data measured based on position coordinates. The crop yield in this case also represents a plant characteristic. Based on the current position coordinates of the combine harvester, the data from the data register is used to calculate the setpoint for the combine harvester's travel speed. In this method, past data is used that is only to a certain extent transferable to the current harvesting situation after all.

[0004] DE102005000770B3 describes a method for controlling the workings of a combine harvester using georeferenced data, which are acquired and recorded during biomass development. This biomass data is used to create a reference map, which serves as the basis for controlling the combine harvester. In an exemplary embodiment, the biomass canopy is surveyed on a georeferenced basis by a satellite-assisted sensing system during biomass development prior to harvesting. This biomass canopy can also be considered as a plant characteristic and is recorded in the biomass canopy map. However, this method does not detect all plant properties of the crop that affect the operating values ​​of the various actuators of the harvester, and there may be a period between the last recording of the biomass canopy and the time of harvest, so that pre-harvest events such as dry periods or heavy rains that can have a significant effect on plant properties such as grain or straw moisture content (Kornfeuchte or Strohfeuchte) are not taken into account.

[0005] EP 2 586 286 B1 discloses a method for predictive survey of a crop clamped by a harvester, in which a sensor assembly arranged on the harvester emits contactless signals for at least one plant property of the crop and uses them to derive statistics. Furthermore, a measuring device detects the plant properties of the crop actually clamped by the harvester. An evaluation unit in this case automatically determines a relationship between the signals of the sensor assembly and the statistical values ​​of the signals of the measuring device. These relationships are then taken into account in the calculation of the plant properties of the clamped crop. The signals of the sensor assembly are used to control the travel speed of the harvester taking into account the determined relationships. As a result, the travel speed depends on the absolute measured values ​​of the contactless sensors of the sensor device, which in practice does not always work precisely enough.

[0006] EP 2 803 256 A1 discloses a combine harvester in which a sensor is mounted on the roof of the cab, allowing a contactless detection of the crop planted in front of the harvester. This is used to prepare data on the predicted mass throughput. Furthermore, the actual mass throughput is determined by a measuring device. The control device for the travel speed is designed in such a way that the measured values ​​of the measuring device and the predicted mass throughput are compared with each other and the result of the comparison is used as a feedback value for setting the travel speed of the harvester. However, the operating values ​​of certain operating parts of the combine harvester depend on the plant characteristics, which are very difficult to detect by the measuring means and are therefore often inaccurate. There is also the problem that the sensor mounted on the roof of the cab can of course only predictively determine the plant characteristics to a certain extent, which means that there is a great need for control of the operating values ​​of the combine harvester.

[0007] The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for operating a harvester for harvesting a crop, in which an operating value of at least one operating part of the harvester can be easily and satisfactorily determined.

[0008] The object on which the invention is based is achieved by the feature combination according to claim 1. Exemplary embodiments of the invention can be seen from the dependent claims. As already mentioned above, the travel speed of the harvester during harvesting is also to be understood as an operating value of the operation of the harvester.

[0009] According to claim 1, at least one plant characteristic is mapped in a plant growth model, which models the development of the plant characteristic over time and determines a predicted value or characteristic for the plant characteristic at harvest time.

[0010] At least one plant characteristic may be the biomass of the crop. The height or density of the crop canopy is also mapped to the plant growth model as a plant characteristic whose development over time is modeled. A predicted harvest date for the height of the crop canopy can then be determined from this modeling.

[0011] Further examples of plant characteristics that can be recorded in the plant growth model are yield data on straw and on grain in the case of cereals, grain moisture content and straw moisture content, corn cob diameter, initial growth height of the corn cob, corn stalk diameter, individual grain size (thousand kernel weight (Tausendkorngewicht)), shattering tendency (degree to which the ear breaks down), protein content in the case of cereals, and disease pressure (mycotoxin content), canopy height and position risk.

[0012] Preferably, the plant growth model records many different plant properties. Hereinafter, when reference is made to a plant property or at least one plant property, this includes all other plant properties modeled by the plant growth model.

[0013] For example, for corn as a crop, the plant characteristics of corn cob diameter, corn stalk diameter, and initial growth height of the corn cob are considered and modeled in the plant growth model. One or more plant characteristics can be used to derive one or more further plant characteristics, such as crop yield data. Typically, such second plant characteristics are derived from the first plant characteristic. Correspondingly, the plant growth model allows the derived second plant characteristic to be expressed in terms of the variation over time of the first plant characteristic, if such variation is available.

[0014] The harvester may be a combine harvester, a forage harvester or other machine in which standing or lying crops are gripped and collected from the field, possibly for direct delivery to further process steps.

[0015] In the case of a combine harvester, a height-adjustable cutting unit may be used to cut the grain crop, in particular the cereal grain, which can then be fed into a threshing unit with a receiving net with a rotating threshing drum for the purpose of separating the grain from the straw. The threshing intensity can be increased or decreased by setting the threshing drum speed and the threshing gap between the threshing drum and the receiving net. A separating device may be placed after the threshing unit, in which the remaining grains and ears that were not completely threshed are separated from the straw. In a cleaning device, further separation of the grains and non-grain components can take place. The cleaning device preferably comprises a sieve and a blower, where an air flow (wind) acts on the sieve. This air flow serves the purpose that the lighter components, such as the non-grain components, do not fall through the sieve but are blown away and are consequently separated from the grains that have fallen through the sieve.

[0016] For example, if the straw moisture content is mapped by a plant growth model, according to the invention a predicted value of the straw moisture content can be determined for the time of harvest. If a higher value is calculated by the plant growth model, a correspondingly higher threshing drum speed (operating value) can be provided to the threshing unit (actuator). The air flow (here air flow corresponds to a possible operating value of a blower as actuator) can also be set correspondingly higher, since straw with a higher moisture content is heavier and can only be blown away by a stronger air flow.

[0017] In the case of forage harvesters, the straw moisture content can be used as an influencing variable for setting the chopping length. For dry silage, a short chopping length is advantageous to allow for sufficient compaction.

[0018] If the plant growth model records the individual grain size (thousand kernel weight) as a plant characteristic, the threshing gap between the threshing drum and the receiving net can be set based on this parameter. In the case of small grains, the intensity of the airflow of the blower can be reduced, since otherwise an excessive proportion of the grains would be blown away together with the non-grain components in the cleaning device. If values ​​for the shatterability (degree to which the ears break apart) are available at harvest, in the case of brittle ears, the threshing drum speed can be set to a rather low value, thus weakening the cleaning device downstream of the threshing unit, since a lower threshing drum speed generally results in a lower proportion of short stems in the cleaning device.

[0019] The adjustable clamping plate spacing also corresponds to an operating value that is determined by the method according to the invention based on the plant characteristics of the crop. For example, if the plant growth model specifies a value for the corn stalk diameter, the clamping plate spacing can be set to match accordingly. A well-set clamping plate spacing ensures a clean feed and reduces the risk of clogging. Alternatively or additionally, the method may also provide the corn cob diameter as an influencing variable for the clamping plate spacing.

[0020] The height of the initial growth of the corn cob, which can also be modeled by the plant growth model, can be used as an influencing variable for the height of the cutting unit. The higher the cutting unit is transported, the smaller the risk of damage and the smaller the power requirements at the cutting unit. The height of the cutting unit can also depend on the height of the crop canopy or the storage risk calculated by the plant growth model.

[0021] In the case of corn, biomass can serve as an influencing variable in determining the preferred or optimal running speed of the forage harvester. Straw yield data in the case of cereals can influence the running speed of the combine harvester. Kernel yield data in the case of cereals can be used to set the airflow speed in the cleaning device. If the results of the plant growth model show very low values ​​for the kernel moisture content (very dry corn), a corresponding setting of the actuators can be made accordingly to result in less broken kernels.

[0022] A further example is yield formation in the cobs of corn plants. If there is a short period of drought stress during the flowering stage, not all early kernels are fertilized. These cobs contain significantly fewer kernels. This relationship can be reproduced in plant simulation models, but not by means of remote sensing sensors on the harvester or environmental detection sensors.

[0023] The predicted values ​​or characteristics of the plant properties in the field can be determined in a georeferenced manner. This means that the predicted values ​​or characteristics of the plant properties can be assigned to corresponding location coordinates at a certain spatial resolution. The result of such an assignment can be a map representing the values ​​of the plant properties at a high spatial resolution, for example 100x100m, 50x50m or even 5x5m. Absolute values ​​of one or more plant properties, or even relative values, can be stored for each area element. Each area element may be assigned only a quantitative class for the plant property, for example "1, 2, ... 5", up to 5 or "very small, small, medium, large and very large". This map or the corresponding data record can be fed to a control device of the harvester, which then sets the individual actuators such that their operating values ​​result in an optimal harvesting result. 。

[0024] The plant growth model determines the predicted value or predicted characteristic of the plant property with respect to the time of harvest, which may be, for example, the week or day when harvesting takes place. However, to be able to accurately identify the value or characteristic of the plant property that changes over the course of a day, this period may be only a few hours, for example, less than 3 hours. Thus, the time of harvesting may be understood as an externally supported input variable. In another exemplary embodiment, the preferred or optimal time is calculated by the plant growth model.

[0025] In one exemplary embodiment, meteorological data is used that can affect the characteristic values ​​of plant properties. For example, air temperature, atmospheric humidity, sunshine hours and / or precipitation can be considered, preferably with high spatial resolution. On the one hand, these variables have a decisive effect on crop growth and, as a consequence, affect many plant properties. On the other hand, these variables may also have a direct effect on some plant properties, such as straw moisture content.

[0026] In the method according to the invention, soil data influencing the growth of the crop may also be used, for example the water content of the soil may be calculated at different times during the growing season as a function of the area of ​​the field. Based on this value, the plant growth model can then model the amount of water that the crop extracts from the soil. The water content of the soil is preferably again represented with high spatial resolution for individual area elements and can again be calculated taking into account meteorological data.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment, the plant growth model uses remote sensing data recorded by satellite. For example, vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI) can be calculated in a georeferenced manner based on satellite data and used to derive the biomass of the field. Such data on vegetation indices can, on the one hand, serve as a basis for other plant characteristics that cannot be detected by remote sensing. On the other hand, remote sensing data can be used to verify and correspondingly adapt certain assumptions in the modeling of plant growth. For example, if the plant growth model calculates the biomass of the field, this plant characteristic can be confirmed and possibly adapted by using satellite data.

[0028] In addition, the soil moisture of the ground can be measured by means of remote sensing. The soil moisture can then be taken into account in the calculation of the water content of the soil. In this case, the plant growth model only uses data on the soil moisture indirectly, in particular by modeling the water content of the soil. A measuring device can be attached to the harvester, and based on the signal of the measuring device, a predicted value or predicted characteristic of the plant property is calculated. The measuring device can comprise a non-contact sensor and / or a sensor for the actually harvested crop. For example, a non-contact sensor is attached to the roof of the harvester's cab and is designed to measure the height of the crop canopy, the measurement result of which can be used to check and possibly adapt the canopy height calculated by the plant growth model. If it turns out that the canopy height calculated by the plant growth model deviates from the measured canopy height, at least this plant property can be correspondingly corrected on the basis of this deviation. Such a correction (Kalibrierung) can also affect other plant properties, which can then be adapted as well. The corrections can be made once at the start of the harvesting operation or else continuously during the harvest, i.e. while the harvester is travelling through the field and collecting the crop.

[0029] The correction may also be performed by the sensor for the actually harvested crop. For example, in this way the weight of the harvested grain can be compared with the weight that would have been harvested based on the plant growth model, taking into account the specific grain losses of the harvester. The corresponding plant characteristics can then be readjusted. This calibration may also be performed in a georeferenced manner, where the georeferenced yield data of the sensor for the actually harvested crop is compared with the corresponding georeference of the data of the plant growth model.

[0030] Historical values ​​from previous growing seasons or previous harvests may be used in modeling the plant characteristics, in this way certain assumptions in the modeling of the plant characteristics can be verified and more accurately formulated.

[0031] The field can be divided into plots, and then a distinction can be made between a first group of plots and at least one second group of plots that differ from each other in terms of plant properties. For example, a threshold value for the protein content of the crop can be defined, so that all plots below the threshold are assigned to the first group and all plots characterized by a protein content above the threshold are assigned to the second group. Depending on the spatial resolution, these plots can be individual area elements, but they can also be composed of several area elements. In an exemplary embodiment, first the first group of plots and then the second group of plots are harvested. In this way, it is possible to perform selective harvesting characterized by different protein contents.

[0032] Another possibility is that the first crop container is filled when harvesting is performed in one of the first group of plots, and the second crop container is filled when harvesting is performed in one of the second group of plots. In this case, the harvester comprises a separation device which fills the first or second crop container depending on the protein content as a plant characteristic. In controlling the separation device, a certain time delay caused by the travel speed of the harvester and the time required to transport the crop from an area element of the field to the separation device of the harvester can be taken into account.

[0033] Another application for the selective harvesting mentioned above is the content of mycotoxins, which can also be the result of calculations of a plant growth model. Again, selective harvesting can be done by harvesting plots at different times (first the plots with a somewhat lower mycotoxin content are harvested, then the plots with a somewhat higher mycotoxin content are harvested) or by a separation device being operated, feeding the crop either to the first crop container or to the second crop container.

Claims

1. 1. A method of operating a harvester to harvest a crop in a field, comprising: At least one operating value of an operating part of the harvester is determined based on a predicted value or a predicted characteristic of at least one plant characteristic of the crop, the operating value being set by a control device, the predicted value or the predicted characteristic of the plant characteristic being determined in a georeferenced manner; the plant traits are mapped in a plant growth model; the plant growth model models the development of the plant trait over time and determines a predicted value or characteristic of the plant trait at harvest; The plant characteristics are a mycotoxin content for operating a separation device, a protein content for operating a separation device, an individual grain size for setting a threshing gap between a threshing drum and a receiving net, or a shattering characteristic for setting a threshing drum speed; The method, wherein the field is divided into plots, and a first group of plots and at least one second group of plots are distinguished based on the plant characteristics.

2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a combine harvester or a forage harvester is used as the harvesting machine.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant growth model uses measured data.

4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant growth model uses soil data.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant growth model uses remote sensing data.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a measuring device is attached to the harvester and the predicted value or characteristic of the plant property is modified based on a signal of the measuring device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein historical values ​​from previous growing periods or previous harvests are used in modelling the plant properties.

8. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first group of plots is harvested first, followed by the second group of plots.

9. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a first crop container is filled when harvesting is performed on one of the plots in the first group, and a second crop container is filled when harvesting is performed on one of the plots in the second group.