Coating Compositions Applied Directly to Metal

Abstract

A high-performance coating composition is provided that dries quickly, is heavy metal-free, has excellent UV resistance, and exhibits excellent corrosion resistance combined with fast drying and a long pot life. The coating can be applied directly to metals, such as blasted or treated cold-rolled steel, aluminum, and treated aluminum. By advantageously utilizing different pigment morphologies (particle size and shape), high corrosion resistance can be achieved without sacrificing gloss or UV resistance by selecting the appropriate pigment, appropriate pigment design, and appropriate loading. [Selection diagram] None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001]

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 481,157, filed April 4, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002]

[0002] The present invention is generally in the field of coating compositions. In various non-exclusive embodiments, the present invention is directed to direct metal coating compositions and associated performance characteristics. [Background technology]

[0003]

[0003] A variety of coating compositions have been devised to coat a variety of substrates. These coating compositions are generally coatings that include one or more carrier liquids, resins, dispersed pigments or other colorants, and various additives. Coating formulators select specific combinations of carrier liquids, resins, pigments, and additives to obtain coating compositions that have adhesion to a particular substrate and meet other desired parameters such as gloss and weatherability. In some cases, it may be difficult to obtain satisfactory results when the coating composition is intended for direct application to the substrate for which it is intended. In particular, metal substrates are often difficult to perform with a single layer of pigmented coating. As a result, a primer composition is often applied to the metal substrate before applying the pigmented coating composition. The primer coating usually provides adhesion and corrosion resistance, while the topcoat provides weatherability and durability. In some cases, a high gloss coating is also applied as a third layer. Requiring the application of two or more layers of the composition increases both the time and cost of coating these substrates. It is desirable to have a direct-to-metal ("DTM") coating composition to avoid the need for a separate primer layer, thereby reducing the time required for application and drying of the coating composition. When coated on metal surfaces, desirable characteristics of such coatings include dry gloss, corrosion protection, weatherability, and good adhesion directly to the metal surface without an underlying primer layer.

[0004]

[0004] Recently, malonate-functional polyester and acryloyl resins have been introduced by Nuplex Resins BV (Bergen Op Zoom, The Netherlands), as described, for example, in US Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0220252. This technology generally involves 2K systems based on malonate-functional polyesters and acryloyl oligomers that cure by undergoing a Michael addition reaction. The reaction generally requires a base catalyst. The commercial products sold by Nuplex, particularly those in the ACURE line, generally include a dialkyl carbonate as the resin, a malonate-functional polyester, and a strong base catalyst blocked with acryloyl. The function of the dialkyl carbonate is to prevent the base from catalyzing the reaction between the malonate and the acryloyl, thereby allowing a long pot life after the catalyst is mixed with the other components of the resin system. The blocked base forms an alkyl carbonate anion that forms an equilibrium with the dialkyl carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water. When the coating is applied to a surface, the composition has a large surface area that allows carbon dioxide to escape, thereby effectively deblocking the base, which then can catalyze the reaction between the malonate and acryloyl.

[0005]

[0005] Thus far, Michael addition-based technology using malonate polyesters and acryloyl resins has not been considered to be completely effective in DTM applications. It would be desirable to provide a DTM coating composition with a variety of resins that have long pot life, good adhesion to metal substrates, good corrosion and weather resistance without the need for an underlying primer layer. Similarly, it would be desirable to provide DTM technology using other resins. The coating composition of the present invention is a high performance coating composition that dries quickly, is free of heavy metals, has excellent UV resistance, and exhibits excellent corrosion resistance combined with fast drying and a long pot life. The coating composition of the present invention provides corrosion and weather resistance properties in a single formulation and can be applied as a single layer directly to metal substrates. The coatings described herein exhibit strong adhesion to metal substrates that are particularly difficult to coat using known compositions, such as cold rolled steel, blasted steel, treated steel, aluminum, treated aluminum, etc., without a primer layer. Summary of the Invention

[0006]

[0006] The present invention, in various non-exclusive embodiments, provides a coating composition comprising a carrier liquid, a binder resin, and a pigment composition, in which the binder resin may comprise any suitable binder system, and in some embodiments may comprise one or more of: (1) a malonate-acryloyl resin, (2) a polyurethane coating based on (i) one or more isocyanate-polyaspartic acid esters, or (ii) one or more isocyanate-polyester polyols or acrylic polyols, (3) an alkyd resin, or (4) an epoxy resin. The pigment composition includes a plurality of specialty pigment particles having a plurality of morphologies, such as two or more of acicular (needle-shaped), platelet-shaped, and generally spherical morphologies. The use of these pigments having a plurality of morphologies provides a high concentration of pigment loading. Also, by selection of the appropriate pigment particles as described herein, a coating composition may be provided that cures to form a medium gloss or high gloss coating. The pigment loading may be at least 10% by weight and may be up to about 80% by weight, preferably in the range of 20-60% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. In one embodiment, one of the pigments is an active corrosion-inhibiting pigment. The active corrosion-inhibiting pigment has an effective range of about 1-30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. In another embodiment, the corrosion-inhibiting pigment comprises at least one non-toxic, environmentally friendly, micronized, cation-containing pigment. Generally, such coating compositions may have a pigment volume concentration (PVC) in the range of 25-45% by weight. As used herein, "wt. %" refers to weight percentage (%).

[0007]

[0007] The disclosed method for coating a metal substrate generally includes providing a metal substrate and a coating composition, coating the metal substrate with the coating composition, and curing the coating composition to form a coating. The coating composition has both the corrosion resistance properties of a primer coating and the weather resistance of a topcoat in a single formulation, and is applied in a manner that is applied directly to the metal in the absence of a primer coating. It is also contemplated that once a first coating is formed on the metal surface, the coating composition may be reapplied to form an additional coating layer. Metal substrates coated in this manner are also within the scope of some embodiments of the present invention. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1]

[0008] FIG. 1 is a representative diagram showing multiple spherical pigment particles in a coating composition. [Diagram 2]

[0009] FIG. 2 is a representative diagram showing multiple pigment particles with different morphologies, demonstrating the space-filling properties thus obtained. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a representative diagram showing multiple pigment particles with different morphologies, demonstrating the space-filling properties thus obtained. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009]

[0010] In one embodiment, the coating composition of the present invention comprises one or more binder resins, the total resin content of the coating composition of the binder resin being about 15 to about 70% by weight, preferably about 20 to about 60% by weight, more preferably about 30 to about 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. The resin of the coating composition may be one type of resin or a mixture of various different types of resins. In a particular embodiment, the resin for the coating composition is an acryloyl and malonate type resin that forms the coating by a Michael addition reaction. The Michael addition reaction generally involves a compound that includes (i) an acceptor having an electron-deficient C=C double bond, such as an acryloyl compound, (ii) a donor having an acidic C-H bond, such as an acetoacetate or malonate moiety, and (iii) a base catalyst that generates a nucleophilic carbanion capable of addition to the double bond. The Michael addition reaction may be controlled to advantageously provide fast drying in combination with an extended pot life. In some embodiments, such resins may be commercially available, such as ACURE resins, such as ACURE 510-100, ACURE 510-170, and crosslinkers ACURE 550-100, ACURE 550-105 (both from Nuplex Industries Ltd., Louisville, KY), or may be used in combination. ACURE 510-100 and 510-170 are malonate-functional polyester resins in a butyl acetate carrier. ACURE 550-100 and 550-105 crosslinkers contain an aliphatic acryloyl resin and have a proprietary formula. In some embodiments, for example, the liquid coating composition may include about 20 to about 35 weight percent of a malonate-functional polyester resin and about 8 to 15 weight percent of an acryloyl resin, and may include additional resins.

[0010]

[0011] In yet another embodiment, the composition may also include a polyurethane resin based on (i) one or more isocyanate-polyester polyol or acrylic polyol compounds, or (ii) one or more isocyanate-aspartic acid ester compounds.

[0011]

[0012] In other embodiments, the binder resin may comprise one or more of an alkyd resin or an epoxy binder resin. The alkyd resin or polyester may be prepared in known manner by condensation of a polyhydric alcohol with or without air drying oil fatty acid and a polycarboxylic acid, as described elsewhere herein. The polyester or alkyd may contain a percentage of free hydroxyl and / or carboxyl groups available for reaction with a suitable crosslinker, if desired. Epoxy resins generally comprise an epoxy with one or more aliphatic or aromatic amine hardeners, polyamide hardeners. Exemplary epoxy resins include those formed from bisphenol A, bisphenol F, cycloaliphatic epoxies or novolac-type epoxies, and suitable amine hardeners include aliphatic amines, phenalkamines, cycloaliphatic amines, amidoamines, and polyamides.

[0012]

[0013] For adhesion promotion in the Michael addition reaction, the resin may further comprise an adhesion-imparting component selected from the group consisting of: (a) 0.5-15 wt. %, preferably 1-10 wt. %, and most preferably 2-6 wt. % of at least one liquid epoxy resin; and (2) 0.2-15 wt. %, preferably 0.5-10 wt. %, and most preferably 1-5 wt. % of at least one aminosilane.

[0013]

[0014] For example, the binder system may comprise one or more resins selected from the group consisting of: (a) 10-50%, preferably 15-35%, and most preferably 20-35% by weight of a malonate-functional donor resin; (b) 10-50%, preferably 15-40%, and most preferably 18-30% by weight of one or more acrylic or polyester polyol resins; (c) 10-50%, preferably 15-35%, and most preferably 20-25% by weight of one or more aspartic acid ester resins; and (e) 10-50%, preferably 20-45%, and most preferably 30-35% by weight of one or more alkyd or modified alkyd resins. Crosslinker resin systems for malonate-functional donor resins may comprise 5-40% by weight, preferably 6-25% by weight, most preferably 8-15% by weight of one or more acryloyl acceptor resins, and also 5-40% by weight, preferably 8-25% by weight, most preferably 10-18% by weight of one or more aliphatic isocyanate resins, relative to (b) and (c) above.

[0014]

[0015] In another embodiment, the binder system may comprise 10-50 wt%, preferably 15-35 wt%, and most preferably 18-22 wt% of one or more cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, and the crosslinker resin comprises 5-50 wt%, preferably 10-35 wt%, and most preferably 20-28 wt% of one or more amines.

[0015]

[0016] According to the present invention, the corrosion resistance is improved by adding multiple specialty pigments used in the coating composition described herein. In some embodiments, two or more specialty pigments with different pigment morphologies are used. The specialty pigments may be filler pigments, extender pigments, or a combination thereof, and the pigment particles allow high packing, exhibit physical compatibility, and exhibit a tighter space-filling effect, whereby the composite pigment volume is smaller than the sum of the individual volumes of each pigment, as shown by comparing Figures 1, 2, and 3. As shown, the first type of pigment particles fill the voids between the particles of the second pigment type more efficiently than is possible with the second type particles alone. The combination of different extender pigments with different morphologies, such as spherical, acicular, and platelet pigments, allows for increased pigment levels and improved pigment packing, reduced coating porosity, and thus improved barrier properties, such as water resistance. Corrosion resistance generally improves as the pigment volume concentration (PVC) increases, and it is generally desirable in connection with the present disclosure to provide compositions in which the pigment concentration of the composition is 15-60%, more preferably 25-50%, and most preferably 35-45%. In one embodiment, at least two different types of pigment particles are selected, each having a different type of morphology that may be generally spherical, acicular, or plate-like. Acicular pigments, such as wollastonite, can fill the voids created by spherical pigments (such as barium sulfate and TiO2). Plate-like pigments, such as talc and mica, have a high aspect ratio, and therefore such pigments are believed to reduce ion mobility within the coating layer, thereby reducing or delaying corrosion progression and blistering of the coating. Plate-like pigment particles are believed to improve adhesion in wet conditions. Pigments with low oil absorption are desirable, and preferred pigments are those having an oil absorption rate of less than about 25 grams per 100 grams.

[0016]

[0017] Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the needle-shaped pigment particles, such as wollastonite, or plate-shaped pigment particles, such as talc and mica, fill the voids created by the spherical particles, such as barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, or nepheline syenite, reducing ion mobility within the coating layer and thus reducing or retarding corrosion and blistering of the coating. In one embodiment, the specialty pigment comprises (a) at least one substantially spherical pigment, (b) at least one needle-shaped pigment, and (c) at least one plate-shaped pigment. The coating composition comprises from about 5 to about 50% by weight of at least one spherical pigment particle, such as titanium dioxide or barium sulfate, 2 to about 30% by weight of needle-shaped filler pigment particles, such as wollastonite, and 1 to about 30% by weight of plate-shaped filler pigment particles, such as mica or talc. Preferably, the composition comprises about 10-30% by weight of at least one substantially spherical filler pigment particle having a median particle size of 0.1-20 μm, about 3-20% by weight of acicular filler pigment particles having a median particle size of 0.1-20 μm, and about 3-20% by weight of platelet-shaped filler pigment particles having a median particle size of 0.1-20 μm. More preferably, the composition comprises about 15-25% by weight of spherical filler particles, about 4-12% by weight of acicular filler particles, and about 4-12% by weight of platelet-shaped filler particles. The preferred median particle size is 0.1-10 μm, and the most preferred median particle size is 0.3-6 μm. All the above weight percentages are based on the total weight of the coating composition. The median particle size information is based on the D50 Sedigraph method.

[0017]

[0018] In some embodiments, at least one pigment is a corrosion-inhibiting pigment. A corrosion-inhibiting pigment is a pigment that has chemical properties that act to inhibit or reduce corrosion, and examples include non-toxic, environmentally friendly, micronized, cation-containing pigments, such as calcium ion-exchanged amorphous silica pigments (e.g., commercially available pigments such as NOVINOX XCA 02 available from SNCZ (France), HEUCOSIL CTF available from HEUBACH GmbH, and SHIELDEX AC-3 and SHIELDEX AC-5 available from WRGrace). In another embodiment, the corrosion-inhibiting pigment may be at least one micronized anodic passivation pigment. Examples of micronized anodic passivation pigments include, for example, zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors (e.g., HALOX SZP-391 JM available from ICL Performance Products LP, and HEUCOPHOS ZPA and HEUCOPHOS ZAPP available from HEUBACH GmbH). These compounds reduce corrosion by ion exchange phenomena or other chemical pathways. In some embodiments, it is contemplated that the corrosion-inhibiting pigment may include a blend of different corrosion inhibitors. The coating composition includes from about 1 to about 30 weight percent, preferably from about 2 to about 20 weight percent, and more preferably from about 3 to about 15 weight percent of a corrosion-inhibiting pigment, such as calcium ion-exchanged silica or zinc strontium phosphosilicate.

[0018]

[0019] Exemplary pigments include those shown in the table below.

[0019] [Table 1]

[0020] Other pigments may also provide color, weatherability, or other properties to the coating. These pigments may also indirectly reduce corrosion of the underlying substrate by reducing the permeability of the coating and / or enhancing the strength of the coating. Generally, the color pigments may be organic or inorganic pigments and may be present in the range of 0.5 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0021]

[0020] The above three types of pigments may be combined in a single coating composition, thereby providing good adhesion, corrosion resistance, durability, color, and gloss to a coating that is applied directly to metal. Many commercial coating systems require layering of three separate compositions, namely a primer layer to provide corrosion resistance, a topcoat to provide color, and a clearcoat to provide weather resistance. The coating composition described herein provides all of these characteristics in a single coating composition.

[0022]

[0021] An increase in PVC generally results in a reduction in gloss. However, by using at least some ultrafine pigments (0.1-5 μm), both the PVC and pigment loading can be increased while maintaining gloss. For high gloss paints, the coating preferably has a 60 degree gloss value of at least 70. For medium gloss applications, the coating preferably has a 60 degree gloss value of greater than 10 and less than 70. The type and ratio of pigments may be selected to provide the desired level of gloss. The coating composition should generally have a PVC of about 10 to about 80, preferably about 20 to about 60, more preferably about 25 to about 45.

[0023]

[0022] The platelet pigments in combination with corrosion inhibitors (such as calcium ion-exchanged silica compounds or phosphate and phosphosilicate inhibitors) improve the wet adhesion of the coating and liberate metal ions as water and oxygen from the atmosphere penetrate the coating to form metal oxides and hydroxides which then plug open pores in the coating, reducing the permeability of the coating and reducing further corrosion.

[0024]

[0023] The pigment composition may include any other suitable pigment particles, examples of which include azo pigments, anazurite, aluminum silicate, potassium aluminum hydroxide, aluminum paste, anthraquinone pigments, antimony oxide, barium metaborate, barium sulfate, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, calcium carbonate, calcium metaborate, calcium metasilicate, carbon black, chromium oxide, clay, copper oxide, basic copper chloride, dioxazine pigments, feldspar, hansa yellow, iron oxides such as yellow iron oxide and red iron oxide, isoindoline pigments. , kaolinite, lithopone, magnesium silicate, metal flakes, mica, naphthol pigments such as naphthol red, nitroso pigments, nepheline syenite, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, polycyclic pigments, pyropyrrole pigments, phthalocyanines such as copper phthalocyanine blue and copper phthalocyanine green, quinacridones such as quinacridone violet, quinophthalone pigments, silicates, sulfides, talc, titanium dioxide, ultramarine, zinc chromate, zinc oxide, and zinc phosphate. Pearlizing agents, optical brighteners, UV stabilizers, and the like may also be added to the pigment vehicle. The color pigments are generally present in an amount of 0.5 to about 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0025]

[0024] The pigment may be provided in the form of a pigment vehicle that includes a wetting resin and may also include any one or more of a dispersant, a surfactant, a wetting agent, a deflocculating agent, and a stabilizer. Any suitable dispersant may be used with the pigment vehicle, such as any one or more of an anionic dispersant, a cationic dispersant, an amphoteric dispersant, or a non-ionic dispersant. Similarly, any suitable wetting agent may be used with the pigment vehicle, such as any one or more of an anionic wetting agent, a cationic wetting agent, an amphoteric wetting agent, or a non-ionic wetting agent.

[0026]

[0025] The carrier liquid is a fluid component of the coating composition, which serves to carry all of the other components of the composition and evaporates as the composition dries. Any suitable carrier liquid can be used in the method of making the coating composition. The carrier liquid may include any one or more of polar and non-polar solvents, such as the solvents described herein, along with the pigment dispersing resin. Also, the carrier liquid may have the same or different composition as the solvents used in the pigment dispersing resin, in the method of making the pigment dispersing resin, or in the pigment vehicle. Exemplary carrier liquids include isopropanol, 2-butoxyethanol, n-butyl alcohol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as mineral spirits.

[0027]

[0026] Additives may be added at any suitable time during the manufacturing method of the coating composition.Additives that may be included in the coating composition include any one or more of defoamers, dispersants, surfactants, pot life extenders, UV stabilizers, adhesion promoters, wetting agents, rheology modifiers, leveling agents, antiblocking agents, thickeners, thixotropic agents, drying agents, antisettling agents, and flattening agents.When such additives are used, they may be present in any amount suitable for the intended purpose.It is contemplated that some additives will play multiple roles in the coating composition.

[0028]

[0027] The coating composition of the present invention can be applied directly onto the surface of a metallic substrate, such as blasted cold rolled steel, aluminum, or treated metal (e.g., pretreated with Bonderite® coating, available from Henkel). Various application techniques can be used for coating applications, such as conventional spraying, air-assisted airless (AAA) spraying, or electrostatic spraying. Since the coating composition has both the corrosion resistance properties of a primer coating and the weather resistance of a topcoat, all in a single formulation, the coating composition can be applied in a manner that it is applied directly to the metal, even in the absence of a primer coating. The coating composition is then cured to form a coating. It is contemplated that once a first coating is formed on a metal surface, the coating composition may be applied again to form an additional coating layer. Metal substrates coated in this manner are also within the scope of some embodiments of the present invention. EXAMPLES

[0029]

[0028] The present invention will be described more specifically in the following examples. These examples are merely illustrative and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention. Because it is obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be made to these examples. These weight percentages (wt%) are based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[0030] Control Example A coating composition containing a blend of Michael additive resins was prepared by mixing the following ingredients in the amounts indicated:

[0031] [ka]

[0032] The pigment volume concentration of the control was 17% for a total pigment weight of 37%. Example 1 An isocyanate-free coating composition based on the Michael addition reaction was prepared by mixing the following components in the amounts indicated:

[0033] [ka]

[0034]

[0032] The PVC of the coating composition was 38% and the total pigment content was 48% by weight. The performance of single layer coatings applied to iron phosphate cold rolled steel panels with polymeric sealer and blasted hot rolled steel panels when subjected to salt spray testing is shown in Table 2.

[0035] Example 2 A polyurethane coating composition was prepared by mixing the following ingredients in the amounts indicated:

[0036] [ka]

[0037]

[0034] The PVC of the coating composition was 30% and the total pigment content was 40% by weight. The performance of single layer coatings applied to iron phosphate cold rolled steel panels with polymeric sealer and blasted hot rolled steel panels when subjected to salt spray testing is shown in Table 2.

[0038] Example 3 A polyaspartic acid coating composition was prepared by mixing the following ingredients in the amounts indicated:

[0039] [ka]

[0040]

[0036] The PVC of the coating composition was 28% and the total pigment content was 40% by weight. The performance of single layer coatings applied to iron phosphate cold rolled steel panels with polymeric sealer and blasted hot rolled steel panels when subjected to salt spray testing is shown in Table 2.

[0041]

[0037] All of the examples showed substantially improved direct adhesion to metal and salt spray resistance compared to the control. result

[0038] The coating compositions of the control and Examples 1-3 were applied to iron phosphate cold rolled steel with a polymeric sealer and to blasted cold rolled steel and tested for gloss, salt spray corrosion resistance, and xenon weathering resistance.

[0042] As shown in the table below, each formulation exhibited acceptable gloss and gloss retention at relatively high PVC and high corrosion resistance. On blasted steel, creepage was 2 mm, and on iron phosphate treated steel, creepage was 3 mm.

[0043] [Table 2]

[0044]

[0040] Examples 1-3 required a half-cure time of 30 minutes and a cure time of 90 minutes as determined according to ASTM D1640. Gloss was determined according to ASTM D523. 60 degree gloss retention and color change (ΔE) were determined using a xenon accelerated weathering test (ASTM G155-05a Cycle 7A). Creep (in mm) was tested on blasted cold rolled steel and Bonderite 1000 P99X substrates after 500 hours salt spray testing according to ASTM B117 and ASTM D1654, Procedure A, Method 2 (Creep Evaluation).

[0045]

[0041] As discussed above, the present disclosure provides, in various embodiments, direct metal coating compositions, methods of making coating compositions, methods of coating substrates, and coated substrates.

[0046] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples or language describing an example (e.g., "such as") provided herein is intended to clarify the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. Any statements herein regarding the nature or benefits of the invention or preferred embodiments are not intended to be limiting. The invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter described herein as permitted by applicable law. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context, any combination of the above-described elements, including all possible variations thereof, is encompassed by the invention. The description of any reference or patent in this specification, even if identified as "prior art," is not intended to constitute a concession that such reference or patent is available as prior art to the present invention. Any language not included in the claims should not be considered to limit the scope of the invention. Any statement or suggestion in this specification that particular features constitute elements of a claimed invention is not intended to limit the invention, unless such statement is reflected in the appended claims. Neither the marking of any product with a patent number nor the identification of a patent number in connection with any service should be construed as a representation that all embodiments described herein are incorporated into such product or service. [1] (a) a binder resin system; (b) a crosslinker resin; (c) a plurality of specialty pigments having pigment particles of various morphologies; (d) a corrosion-inhibiting pigment. [2] The composition according to [1], further comprising a color pigment. [3] The composition according to [1], wherein the specialty pigment is selected from the group consisting of filler pigments and extender pigments. [4] The composition according to [1], wherein the pigment volume concentration of the composition is 10 to 80%. [5] The composition according to [1], wherein the pigment volume concentration of the composition is 20 to 60%. [6] The composition according to [1], wherein the pigment volume concentration of the composition is 25 to 45%. [7] The composition of claim 1, wherein the corrosion-inhibiting pigment comprises at least one non-toxic, environmentally friendly, finely divided cation-containing pigment. [8] The composition according to [1], wherein the corrosion-inhibiting pigment is present in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. [9] The composition according to [1], wherein the corrosion-inhibiting pigment is present in an amount of 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[10] The composition according to [1], wherein the corrosion-inhibiting pigment is present in an amount of 3 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[11] The composition of claim 1, wherein the corrosion-inhibiting pigment comprises at least one finely divided anodic passivation pigment.

[12] 12. The composition according to

[11] , wherein the micronized anode passivation pigment is present in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, and most preferably 3 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[13] The composition according to

[11] , wherein the micronized anodic passivation pigment is 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[14] The composition according to

[11] , wherein the micronized anodic passivation pigment is 3 to 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[15] The composition according to [2], wherein the color pigment comprises 0.5 to 30 wt % of at least one organic or inorganic color pigment, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[16] The composition according to [1], wherein the specialty pigment comprises at least three or more types of specialty extender pigments having different particle sizes and shapes.

[17] The special pigment is (a) at least one spherical pigment; (b) at least one needle-shaped pigment; (c) at least one platelet pigment.

[18] The special pigment is (a) 5 to 50% by weight of a spherical pigment; (b) 2 to 30% by weight of a needle-shaped pigment; (c) 1 to 30% by weight of a platelet pigment; The composition described in [1], comprising:

[19] The special pigment is (a) 10 to 30% by weight of a spherical pigment; (b) 3 to 20% by weight of a needle-shaped pigment; (c) 3 to 20% by weight of a platelet pigment; The composition described in [1], comprising:

[20] The special pigment is (a) 15 to 25% by weight of a spherical pigment; (b) 4 to 12% by weight of a needle-shaped pigment; (c) 4 to 12% by weight of a platelet pigment; The composition described in [1], comprising: [twenty one] The special pigment is (a) at least one spherical pigment; (b) at least one needle-shaped pigment; (c) at least one platelet pigment; The composition according to [1], wherein the specialty pigment has a median particle size of 0.1 to 20 μm. [twenty two] The composition according to [1], wherein the specialty pigment has a median particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm. [twenty three] The composition according to [1], wherein the specialty pigment has a median particle size of 0.3 to 6 μm. [twenty four] the binder system comprising, based on the total weight of the coating composition: (a) 10 to 50 weight percent of a malonate-functional donor resin; (b) 10 to 50% by weight of one or more acrylic or polyester polyol resins; (c) 10 to 50% by weight of one or more aspartic acid ester resins; (d) 10 to 50% by weight of one or more alkyd or modified alkyd resins; The composition according to [1], comprising one or more resins selected from the group consisting of: [twenty five] the binder system comprising, based on the total weight of the coating composition: (a) 15 to 35 weight percent of a malonate-functional donor resin; (b) 15 to 40% by weight of one or more acrylic or polyester polyol resins; (c) 15 to 35% by weight of one or more aspartic acid ester resins; (d) 20 to 45% by weight of one or more alkyd or modified alkyd resins; The composition according to [1], comprising one or more resins selected from the group consisting of:

[26] the binder system comprising, based on the total weight of the coating composition: (a) 20-35 wt. % of a malonate-functional donor resin; (b) 18 to 30% by weight of one or more acrylic or polyester polyol resins; (c) 20 to 25% by weight of one or more aspartic acid ester resins; (d) 30 to 35% by weight of one or more alkyd or modified alkyd resins; The composition according to [1], comprising one or more resins selected from the group consisting of:

[27] 1. The composition of claim 1, wherein the binder system comprises 10-50 wt. % of one or more malonate-functional resins and the crosslinker resin comprises 5-40 wt. % of one or more acryloyl acceptor resins, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[28] The composition of [1], wherein the binder system comprises 15-35 wt. % of one or more malonate-functional resins and the crosslinker resin comprises 6-25 wt. % of one or more acryloyl acceptor resins, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[29] 1. The composition of claim 1, wherein the binder system comprises 20-35 wt. % of one or more malonate-functional resins and the crosslinker resin comprises 8-15 wt. % of one or more acryloyl acceptor resins, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[30] The composition according to [1], wherein the binder system is selected from the group consisting of one or more acrylic resins, polyester polyol resins, and aspartic acid ester resins, and the crosslinker resin contains 5 to 40% by weight of one or more aliphatic isocyanate resins.

[31] The composition according to [1], wherein the binder system is selected from the group consisting of one or more acrylic resins, polyester polyol resins, and aspartic acid ester resins, and the crosslinker resin contains 8 to 25% by weight of one or more aliphatic isocyanate resins.

[32] The composition according to [1], wherein the binder system is selected from the group consisting of one or more acrylic resins, polyester polyol resins, and aspartic acid ester resins, and the crosslinker resin contains 10 to 18% by weight of one or more aliphatic isocyanate resins.

[33] The composition according to [1], wherein the binder system comprises 10-50 wt. % of one or more cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, and the crosslinker system comprises 5-50 wt. % of one or more amines, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[34] The composition according to [1], wherein the binder system comprises 15 to 35 wt. % of one or more cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, and the crosslinker system comprises 10 to 35 wt. % of one or more amines, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[35] The composition according to [1], wherein the binder system comprises 18 to 22 wt. % of one or more cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, and the crosslinker system comprises 20 to 28 wt. % of one or more amines, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

[36] The composition according to [1], further comprising an adhesion-imparting component selected from the group consisting of: (a) 0.5 to 15 wt. % of at least one liquid epoxy resin, and (2) 0.2 to 15 wt. % of at least one aminosilane, based on the weight of the total coating composition.

[37] The composition according to [1], further comprising an adhesion-imparting component selected from the group consisting of: (a) 1 to 10 wt. % of at least one liquid epoxy resin, and (2) 0.5 to 10 wt. % of at least one aminosilane, based on the weight of the total coating composition.

[38] The composition of [1], further comprising an adhesion-imparting component selected from the group consisting of: (a) 2 to 6 wt. % of at least one liquid epoxy resin, and (2) 1 to 5 wt. % of at least one aminosilane, based on the weight of the total coating composition.

[39] (a) a metal substrate; (b) a coating composition on a surface of the metal substrate; and A coated metal substrate comprising: The coating composition comprises: (a) Binder resin system, (b) a crosslinker resin; (c) a plurality of specialty pigments having pigment particle morphologies of various kinds; and (d) a coating composition comprising a corrosion-inhibiting pigment; The coated metal substrate as described above.

[40] The composition of [1], wherein the coating composition is applied to a substrate using conventional spraying, air-assisted airless spraying, or electrostatic spraying techniques.

[41] The coating composition according to [1], wherein the coating has excellent corrosion resistance and weather resistance.

Claims

1. 1. A coated metal substrate comprising a metal substrate and a coating composition applied directly onto a surface of the metal substrate, the coating composition comprising: (a) a binder resin system comprising 10 to 50 weight percent of a malonate-functional donor resin; (b) a crosslinker resin comprising 5 to 40 weight percent of one or more acryloyl acceptor resins; (c) a plurality of pigments selected from the group consisting of filler pigments and extender pigments, the pigments having particles of various morphologies with a median particle size of 0.3 to 6 μm; (d) a corrosion inhibiting pigment; and wherein the coating is formed by a Michael addition reaction; Here, the pigment (c) is (1) at least one spherical pigment; (2) at least one needle-shaped pigment comprising calcium silicate; (3) at least one platelet pigment; The coated metal substrate as described above.

2. The coated metal substrate of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a color pigment.

3. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the pigment volume concentration of the composition is from 10 to 80%.

4. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the pigment volume concentration of the composition is from 20 to 60%.

5. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the composition has a pigment volume concentration of 25 to 45%.

6. 10. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the corrosion-inhibiting pigment comprises at least one non-toxic, environmentally friendly, finely divided, cation-containing pigment.

7. 10. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibiting pigment is 1 to 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

8. 10. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibiting pigment is from 2 to 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

9. 10. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibiting pigment is 3 to 15 weight percent, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

10. The coated metal substrate of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion-inhibiting pigment comprises at least one finely divided anodic passivation pigment.

11. The coated metal substrate of claim 10, wherein the finely divided anodic passivation pigment is from 1 to 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

12. The coated metal substrate of claim 10, wherein the finely divided anodic passivation pigment is from 2 to 20 weight percent based on the total weight of the coating composition.

13. The coated metal substrate of claim 10, wherein the finely divided anodic passivation pigment is 3 to 15 weight percent based on the total weight of the coating composition.

14. 3. The coated metal substrate of claim 2, wherein the color pigment comprises 0.5 to 30 weight percent of at least one organic or inorganic color pigment, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

15. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the pigment of (d) comprises a cation-containing pigment and / or an anodically passivated pigment.

16. The pigment (c) is (1) 5 to 50% by weight of a spherical pigment; (2) 2 to 30% by weight of a needle-shaped pigment; (3) 1 to 30% by weight of a platelet pigment; The coated metal substrate of claim 1 comprising:

17. 10. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an adhesion-imparting component selected from the group consisting of: (a) 1 to 10 weight percent of at least one liquid epoxy resin, and (2) 0.5 to 10 weight percent of at least one aminosilane, based on the total weight of the coating composition.

18. 10. The coated metal substrate of claim 1, wherein the coating composition is applied to the substrate using conventional spraying, air-assisted airless spraying, or electrostatic spraying techniques.

19. The coated metal substrate of claim 1 , wherein the coating has excellent corrosion and weather resistance.

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