Lubricating oil composition containing polyalphaolefins

Abstract

A lubricating oil composition is disclosed. The lubricating oil composition includes one or more base oils (A) including one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils derived at least in part from C12 olefins. The lubricating oil composition further includes about 65 wt % to about 85 wt % of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a succinimide dispersant, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to lubricant compositions comprising one or more polyalphaolefin base oils that are effective in reducing oxidation and viscosity increase in lubricating oils for internal combustion engines. [Background technology]

[0002] The demands on engine lubricants are becoming more stringent to cope with modern engine designs that have stronger antioxidant requirements, forcing additive companies to develop robust engine oils with stronger antioxidant capabilities.

[0003] Engine oils are usually blended with various additives to meet various performance requirements. One well-known way to improve fuel economy is to reduce the viscosity of the lubricant. Most internal combustion engine oils that exhibit good fuel economy performance are usually formulated as low viscosity oils containing viscosity index improvers (VII) to reduce fluid friction due to viscous drag at low temperatures. To improve fuel economy, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are considering moving to small turbo diesel (DE) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines to improve fuel economy. The drawback of moving to lower viscosity oils with higher VII is increased oxidation and deposit formation. These are mainly derived from partially burned fuel and fuel soot and can deposit on the piston top, piston rings, and engine combustion chamber surfaces along with the engine oil.

[0004] Oxidation of engine oils adversely affects the performance of the lubricating oil, shortens the performance life of the engine oil, and damages the metal surfaces of the engine. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the oxidation of lubricating engine oils. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0006] (a) about 6 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt;

[0007] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0008] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and

[0009] The base oil (A) is at least partially 12 Derived from an olefin, base oil A has a weight average molecular weight of about 300 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol.

[0010] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising lubricating an engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0011] (a) from about 6 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt;

[0012] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0013] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and

[0014] The base oil (A) is at least partially 12 Derived from an olefin, base oil A has a weight average molecular weight of about 300 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol.

[0015] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a lubricating oil composition by an internal combustion engine to reduce piston deposits, the lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0016] (a) from about 6 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt;

[0017] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0018] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant;

[0019] The base oil (A) is at least partially 12 Derived from an olefin, base oil A has a weight average molecular weight of about 300 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol.

[0020] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0021] (a) from about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt;

[0022] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0023] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant;

[0024] The base oil (A) is at least partially 12Derived from olefins, base oil A has a molecular weight of 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.

[0025] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising lubricating an engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0026] (a) from about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt;

[0027] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0028] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant;

[0029] The base oil (A) is at least partially 12 Derived from olefins, base oil A has a molecular weight of 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.

[0030] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a lubricating oil composition by an internal combustion engine for reducing piston deposits, the lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0031] (a) from about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt;

[0032] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0033] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant;

[0034] The base oil (A) is at least partially 12 Derived from olefins, base oil A has a molecular weight of 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0035] While the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail herein, It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0036] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from "about" one particular value, and / or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values ​​are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about," it is understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It is further understood that each of the endpoints of a range is significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.

[0037] "Optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances when said event or circumstance occurs and instances when it does not occur.

[0038] To facilitate understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein, certain terms, abbreviations, or other shorthand forms used herein are defined below. Any term, abbreviation, or shorthand form not defined will be understood to have the ordinary meaning used by those of ordinary skill in the art upon the filing of this application.

[0039] definition As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings, unless expressly stated to the contrary: As used herein, the following words and expressions have the meanings indicated, if used:

[0040] By "major amount" it is meant greater than 50% by weight of the composition.

[0041] "Minor amount" means less than 50% by weight of the composition, expressed with respect to the additive being described and with respect to the total mass of all additives present in the composition, calculated as the active ingredient of the additive.

[0042] "Active ingredients" or "actives" or "oil-free" refers to additives that are not diluents or solvents.

[0043] All percentages reported are weight percent on an active ingredient basis (ie, without regard to carrier or diluent oil) unless otherwise specified.

[0044] The abbreviation "ppm" means parts per million by weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0045] Total base number (TBN) was determined according to ASTM D2896.

[0046] Metal - The term "metal" refers to an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or a mixture thereof.

[0047] High temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150° C. was determined according to ASTM D4863.

[0048] Kinematic viscosity at 100℃ (KV 100 ) was determined according to ASTM D445.

[0049] Cold cranking simulator (CCS) viscosity at -35°C was determined according to ASTM D5293.

[0050] All ASTM standards referred to herein are the most current versions as of the filing date of this application.

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising:

[0052] (a) from about 6 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt;

[0053] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0054] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant;

[0055] In another exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition further comprising:

[0056] (a) from about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt;

[0057] (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and

[0058] (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant;

[0059] The base oil (A) is at least partially 12 Derived from olefins, base oil A has a molecular weight of 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.

[0060] Base oil (A)

[0061] The base oil (A) used in one embodiment of the lubricating oil composition comprises one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 8.0 centistokes (cSt) to about 12 cSt at 100° C. In one embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity of about 8 cSt or greater, e.g., about 9 or greater, about 10 or greater, or about 11 or greater, at 100° C. In some embodiments, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity of about 8.0 to about 12.0, or about 9 to about 12, or about 10 to about 12 cSt at 100° C.

[0062] In one embodiment, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt at 100° C., can have a weight average molecular weight of about 300 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. In another embodiment, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt at 100° C., can have a weight average molecular weight of about 400 to about 950, about 450 to about 900, about 500 to about 850, about 600 to about 800, about 650 to about 800, about 700 to about 800, about 725 to about 800, or about 725 to about 775 g / mol.

[0063] In one embodiment, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt at 100° C., can have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 500 to about 900. In other embodiments, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt at 100° C., can have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 600 to about 850, about 600 to about 825, about 650 to about 800, about 675 to about 775, or about 700 to about 750.

[0064] In another embodiment of the lubricating oil composition described above, the base oil (A) used comprises one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt. In one embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of greater than about 30.0 cSt, e.g., greater than about 30.0, greater than about 35.0, greater than about 40.0, or greater than about 45.0 cSt. In another embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 30.0 to about 45.0 cSt. In another embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 35.0 to about 45.0 cSt. In another embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 35.0 to about 42.0 cSt. In other embodiments, the one or more PAO base oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of about 37.0 to about 42.0 cSt.

[0065] In one embodiment, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt at 100° C., can have a weight average molecular weight of about 900 g / mol to about 10,000 g / mol. In another embodiment, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt at 100° C., can have a weight average molecular weight of about 1500 g / mol to about 3500 g / mol. In another embodiment, base oil A, which comprises one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt, can have a weight average molecular weight of about 2000 to about 3200, about 2200 to about 3100, about 2400 to about 3000, about 2500 to about 3000, about 2600 to about 2900, or about 2700 to about 2800.

[0066] In one embodiment, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt at 100° C., can have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 1500 to about 2700. In other embodiments, base oil A, which includes one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt at 100° C., can have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 1700 to about 2500, about 1900 to about 2400, about 2000 to about 2300, about 2050 to about 2250, or about 2100 to about 2200.

[0067] In one embodiment, the one or more PAOs for use in base oil A above comprise oligomers of alpha-olefins having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or 7 to 13 carbon atoms, or 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or 9 to 12 carbon atoms, or 10 to 12 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the PAO comprises oligomers of alpha-olefins having 8, 9, 10, and / or 12 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the PAO is at least in part made from C 12 Includes oligomers derived from alpha-olefins.

[0068] In one embodiment, at least in part, C 12 The oligomers of the aforementioned alpha-olefins derived from olefins are C6-C 14 (or C7~C 13 , or C8~ C12 , or C9~C 12 , C 10 ~C 12 , or C 12 ) branched or linear alpha-olefin dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, etc. Suitable alpha-olefins include, for example, 1-hexane, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, and blends thereof.

[0069] In one embodiment, one or more PAOs comprise oligomers of a single alpha-olefin olefin species. In another embodiment, the PAOs comprise oligomers of a mixture of alpha-olefin olefin species (i.e., containing two or more alpha-olefin species), where each alpha-olefin has a carbon number of 6-14 (or 6-14, or 6-12, or 8-12). In one embodiment, the PAOs comprise oligomers of mixed alpha-olefins (i.e., containing two or more alpha-olefin species), where the weighted average carbon number of the alpha-olefin mixture is 6-14.

[0070] In one embodiment, the one or more PAOs are at least partially 12In another embodiment, the one or more PAOs are at least in part derived from linear alpha-olefin olefins. 12 Branched alpha-olefins include oligomers derived from olefins.

[0071] In one embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a flash point of about 225° C. or greater, e.g., about 240° C. or greater, about 250° C. or greater, about 260° C. or greater, about 270° C. or greater, about 280° C. or greater, or about 290° C. or greater. In another embodiment, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a flash point of about 240° C. to about 290° C., or about 250° C. to about 290° C., or about 255° C. to about 290° C., or about 260° C. to about 285° C.

[0072] In one embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a pour point of less than about -15° C., or less than -20° C., or less than -25° C., or less than -30° C., or less than -35° C., or less than 40° C. In another embodiment, the PAO or blend of PAOs has a pour point of from about -20° C. to about -75° C., or from about -25° C. to about -65° C., or from about -30° C. to about -60° C.

[0073] In one embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a viscosity index of about 125 or greater, e.g., about 130 or greater, about 140 or greater, about 150 or greater, about 160 or greater, about 170 or greater, about 180 or greater, about 190 or greater, or about 200 or greater. In another embodiment, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a viscosity index of about 125 to about 190, about 130 to about 180, or about 135 to about 175. In some embodiments, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a viscosity index of about 130 to about 150. In some embodiments, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a viscosity index of about 135 to about 150. In some embodiments, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a viscosity index of about 140 to about 155.

[0074] In one embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils have a Noack volatility of about 0.4 to about 6.5 wt. %. In another embodiment, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Noack volatility of about 0.6 to about 6.5 wt. %. In another embodiment, the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Noack volatility of about 0.8 to about 6.5 wt. % and the PAO or mixture of PAOs has a Noack volatility of about 1.0 to about 6.0 wt. %, or about 1.0 to about 5.0 wt. %, or about 1.0 to about 4.5 wt. %, or about 1.0 to about 4.2 wt. %, or about 1.0 to about 4.0 wt. %.

[0075] In one embodiment, the one or more base oils A having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 8.0 centistokes (cSt) to about 12 cSt are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 6.0 wt % to about 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another embodiment, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 6.0 wt % to about 12 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another embodiment, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 6.0 wt % to about 11 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another embodiment, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 6.0 wt % to about 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0076] In one embodiment, the one or more PAO base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt are present in an amount of about 2.0 to about 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another embodiment, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 2.0 wt % to about 8 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another embodiment, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 2.0 wt % to about 6 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In another embodiment, the one or more base oils A are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 2.5 wt % to about 5 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0077] Base oil (B)

[0078] The base oil (B) used in the lubricating oil composition includes one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity of about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt at 100° C. Suitable base oils having a kinematic viscosity of about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt at 100° C. include, for example, one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils, and mixtures thereof.

[0079] Group III base oils can be any petroleum-derived base oil of lubricating viscosity as defined in API Publication 1509, 14th Edition, Addendum I, Dec. 1998, so long as they have a kinematic viscosity of about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt at 100°C. In API guidelines, base stocks are defined as lubricant components that can be produced using a variety of different processes. In general, Group III base oils generally refer to petroleum-derived lubricating base oils with less than 300 ppm sulfur and a saturate content greater than 90 weight percent, with VI being 120 or greater. In one embodiment, Group III base oils contain at least about 95 wt. % saturated hydrocarbons. In another embodiment, Group III base oils contain at least about 99 wt. % saturated hydrocarbons. Group III base oils are described below under the heading "Oil of Lubricating Viscosity" and their properties relative to Base Oil B are summarized in Table 1.

[0080] Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAOs). In one embodiment, the one or more Group IV PAO base oils can be any PAO that meets the aforementioned Kv requirements at 100°C. In general, the one or more PAOs used as the base oil (B) component can be selected from any olefin oligomer oil used in lubricants. For example, the PAO oils can be derived from monomers having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or from about 10 to about 28 carbon atoms. Examples of useful PAOs include those derived from octene, decene, mixtures thereof, and the like.

[0081] In one embodiment, base oil (B) is a single Group III or Group IV base oil, in another embodiment, base oil (B) is a mixture of Group III or Group IV base oils, or a mixture of Group III and Group IV base oils.

[0082] Dispersants

[0083] Dispersants maintain in suspension oil-insoluble materials resulting from oxidation during engine operation, thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts. Dispersants useful herein include nitrogen-containing ashless (metal-free) dispersants known to be effective in reducing deposit formation when used in gasoline and diesel engines.

[0084] Suitable dispersants include hydrocarbyl succinimides, hydrocarbyl succinamides, mixed esters / amides of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids, hydroxyesters of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids, and Mannich condensation products of hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols, formaldehyde and polyamines.Condensation products of polyamines and hydrocarbyl-substituted phenyl acids are also suitable.Mixtures of these dispersants can also be used.

[0085] Basic nitrogen-containing ashless dispersants are well-known lubricating oil additives, and their preparation methods are widely described in the patent literature.Preferred dispersants are alkenyl succinimides and succinamides, where the alkenyl substituent is preferably a long chain of more than 40 carbon atoms.These materials are easily prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid material with a molecule that contains an amine functional group.Examples of suitable amines are polyamines, such as polyalkylene polyamines, hydroxy-substituted polyamines, and polyoxyalkylene polyamines.

[0086] Particularly preferred ashless dispersants are the polyisobutenyl succinimides formed from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and polyalkylene polyamines, such as the polyethylene polyamines of the formula: NH2(CH2CH2NH) z H (wherein z is 1 to 11). The polyisobutenyl group is derived from polyisobutene and preferably has a number average molecular weight (M) in the range of 700 to 3000 daltons (e.g., 900 to 2500 daltons). n For example, polyisobutenyl succinimide has an M of about 900 to about 3000 daltons. n In one embodiment, the bis-succinimide can be a bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having an M of about 900 to about 2500 daltons. n In one embodiment, the bis-succinimide can be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having an M of about 1300 to about 2500 daltons. n In one embodiment, the bis-succinimide can be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having an M of 2000 to 2500 daltons. n In another embodiment, the bis-succinimide can be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having an M n It can be derived from a polyisobutenyl group having the formula:

[0087] As is known in the art, the dispersant may be post-treated, for example, with a boronating agent or a cyclic carbonate.

[0088] In one embodiment, the bis-succinimide has an M n In another embodiment, the bis-succinimide is a borated bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having an M of 1300 Daltons. n The borated bis-succinimide is derived from a polyisobutenyl group having the formula:

[0089] Nitrogen-containing ashless (metal-free) dispersants are basic and contribute to the TBN of the lubricating oil composition to which they are added without introducing additional sulfated ash.

[0090] In one embodiment, the one or more dispersants may be present in an amount in the range of from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % (e.g., from about 0.5 to about 8, from about 0.7 to about 7, from about 0.7 to about 6, from about 0.7 to about 6, from about 0.7 to about 5, from about 0.7 to about 4 wt. %) based on the actives level of the lubricating oil composition.

[0091] The dispersant-derived nitrogen is present in an amount of from greater than about 0.0050 to about 0.30% by weight (e.g., from greater than about 0.0050 to about 0.10% by weight, from greater than about 0.0050 to about 0.080% by weight, from greater than about 0.0050 to about 0.060% by weight, from greater than about 0.0050 to about 0.050% by weight, from greater than about 0.0050 to about 0.040% by weight, from greater than about 0.0050 to about 0.030% by weight) based on the weight of the dispersant in the finished oil.

[0092] Cleaning agents

[0093] Detergents that may be used include oil-soluble overbased sulfonates, sulfur-free phenates, sulfurized phenates, salixarates, salicylates, saligenins, complex detergents and naphthenate detergents, as well as other oil-soluble alkylhydroxybenzoates of metals, particularly alkali or alkaline earth metals such as barium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium. The most commonly used metals are calcium and magnesium, both of which may be present in detergents used in the lubricants, and mixtures of calcium and / or magnesium with sodium.

[0094] Overbased metal detergents are typically produced by carbonating a mixture of a hydrocarbon, a detergent acid, such as sulfonic acid, alkylhydroxybenzoic acid, etc., a metal oxide or hydroxide (e.g., calcium oxide or hydroxide), and promoters such as xylene, methanol, and water. For example, to prepare overbased calcium sulfonate, in carbonation, calcium oxide or hydroxide reacts with gaseous carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. The sulfonic acid is neutralized with excess CaO or Ca(OH)2 to form a sulfonate salt.

[0095] The overbased detergent can be an overbased salt with low overbasing, e.g., a TBN of less than 100 on an actives basis. In one embodiment, the TBN of the low overbased salt can be about 30 to about 100. In another embodiment, the TBN of the low overbased salt can be about 30 to about 80. The overbased detergent can be an overbased salt with medium overbasing, e.g., a TBN of about 100 to about 250 on an actives basis. In one embodiment, the TBN of the medium overbased salt can be about 100 to about 200. In another embodiment, the TBN of the medium overbased salt can be about 125 to about 175. The overbased detergent can be an overbased salt with high overbasing, e.g., a TBN of more than 250 on an actives basis. In one embodiment, the TBN of the high overbased salt can be about 250 to about 800 on an actives basis.

[0096] In one embodiment, the detergent may be one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acids. Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include mononuclear monohydroxy and polyhydroxyaromatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3, hydroxyl groups. Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, cresol, and the like.

[0097] Sulfonates can be prepared from sulfonic acids obtained by sulfonation of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, typically obtained from petroleum fractionation or by alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples include those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl, or their halogen derivatives. The alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alkylating agent having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms. Alkaryl sulfonates typically contain from about 9 to about 80 or more carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably from 20 to 24 carbon atoms per alkyl-substituted aromatic moiety.

[0098] The metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols that are sulfurized phenate detergents may be prepared by reaction with a suitable metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide to obtain a neutral or overbased product by methods well known in the art. The sulfurized phenols may be prepared by reacting a phenol with sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalides, sulfur dihalides, etc. to form a product that is generally a mixture of compounds in which two or more phenols are crosslinked by a sulfur-containing bridge.

[0099] Further details regarding the general preparation of sulfurized phenates are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,680,096; 3,178,368; 3,801,507; and 8,580,717, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0100] Generally, the amount of detergent can be from about 0.001% to about 50% by weight, or from about 0.05% to about 25% by weight, or from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, or from about 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0101] Anti-wear Agent

[0102] The lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein may include one or more anti-wear agents. Anti-wear agents reduce wear of metal parts. Suitable anti-wear agents include dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts, such as zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) of the following formula (Formula 1): Zn[SP(=S)(OR 1 )(OR 2 )]2 formula 1, In the formula, R 1 and R 2 R can be equal to different hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 18 (e.g., 2 to 12) carbon atoms, including radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl, and alicyclic radicals. 1 and R 2Particularly preferred as groups are alkyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms (e.g., the alkyl radical may be ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl). To obtain oil solubility, the total number of carbon atoms (i.e., R 1 +R 2 ) is at least 5. Thus, the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate may include a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate. The zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate may be a primary, secondary zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, or a combination thereof. The ZDDP may be present at 3 wt. % or less (e.g., 0.1-1.5 wt. %, or 0.5-1.0 wt. %) of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition comprising the magnesium salicylate detergent described herein further comprises an antioxidant compound. In one embodiment, the antioxidant is a diphenylamine antioxidant. In another embodiment, the antioxidant is a hindered phenol antioxidant. In yet another embodiment, the antioxidant is a combination of a diphenylamine antioxidant and a hindered phenol antioxidant.

[0103] Antioxidants

[0104] The lubricating oil composition disclosed herein may contain one or more antioxidants. Antioxidants reduce the tendency of mineral oils to deteriorate during use. Oxidative deterioration can be evidenced by sludge in the lubricant, varnish-like deposits on metal surfaces, and increased viscosity. Suitable antioxidants include hindered phenols, aromatic amines, and sulfurized alkylphenols, as well as their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts.

[0105] Hindered phenol antioxidants often contain secondary butyl and / or tertiary butyl groups as steric hindrance groups. The phenol group can be further substituted with hydrocarbyl groups (usually linear or branched alkyl) and / or bridging groups that connect to a second aromatic group. Examples of suitable hindered phenol antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; and 4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. Other useful hindered phenol antioxidants include 2,6-dialkylphenol propionate derivatives such as IRGANOX® L-135 from Ciba and bisphenol antioxidants such as 4,4′-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol).

[0106] Typical aromatic amine antioxidants have at least two aromatic groups attached directly to one amine nitrogen. Typical aromatic amine antioxidants have alkyl substituents of at least six carbon atoms. Specific examples of aromatic amine antioxidants useful herein include 4,4'-dioctyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dinonyldiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, and N-(4-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine. The antioxidants may be present at 0.01 to 5 weight percent (e.g., 0.1 to 2 weight percent) of the lubricating oil composition.

[0107] Foam suppressor

[0108] The lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein may include one or more foam suppressors capable of breaking down foam in the oil. Non-limiting examples of suitable foam suppressors or antifoam agents include silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, fluorosilicones, alkoxylated fatty acids, polyethers (e.g., polyethylene glycols), branched polyvinyl ethers, alkyl acrylate polymers, alkyl methacrylate polymers, polyalkoxyamines, and combinations thereof.

[0109] Additional co-additives

[0110] The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may also contain other conventional additives that can impart or improve any desired properties of the lubricating oil composition, and disperse or dissolve these additives in the lubricating oil composition. Any additive known to those skilled in the art may be used in the lubricating oil composition disclosed herein. Some suitable additives are described in Mortier et al., "Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants", 2nd Edition, London, Springer, (1996); and Leslie R. Rudnick, "Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications", New York, Marcel Dekker (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, the lubricating oil composition may be blended with antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents such as metal detergents, rust inhibitors, haze removers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, ashless dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and the like, and mixtures thereof. A variety of additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or compounds similar thereto, can be used in preparing the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure by conventional blending procedures.

[0111] In preparing lubricating oil formulations, it is common practice to introduce the additives in the form of concentrates of 10 to 100% by weight of active ingredient in a hydrocarbon oil, such as a mineral lubricating oil, or other suitable solvent.

[0112] Typically, these concentrates may be diluted with 3 to 100, say 5 to 40 parts by weight of lubricating oil per part by weight of the additive package in forming a finished lubricant, such as a crankcase motor oil. The purpose of the concentrate, of course, is to make handling of the various materials less difficult and messy, and to facilitate dissolution or dispersion in the final blend.

[0113] Each of the foregoing additives, when used, is used in a functionally effective amount to impart the desired characteristics to the lubricant. Thus, for example, if an additive is a friction modifier, a functionally effective amount of the friction modifier is an amount sufficient to impart the desired friction modifying characteristics to the lubricant.

[0114] Generally, the concentration of each additive in the lubricating oil composition, if used, may range from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, about 0.01% to about 15% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 0.005% to about 5% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Additionally, the total amount of additives in the lubricating oil composition may range from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0115] Additional base oils of lubricating viscosity

[0116] Optionally, the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure may contain minor amounts of other base oil components. An oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes called a "base stock" or "base oil") is the primary liquid component of a lubricant into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example, to produce the final lubricant (i.e., lubricant composition). Base oils are useful for making concentrates and for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and may be selected from natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.

[0117] Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils, liquid petroleum oils, and hydrorefined solvent-treated mineral oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic, and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.

[0118] Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and copolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylene, polypropylene, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylene, poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly(1-decene); alkylbenzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzene); polyphenols (e.g., biphenyl, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides, and their derivatives, analogs and congeners.

[0119] Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils includes the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., malonic acid, alkylmalonic acids, alkenylmalonic acids, succinic acid, alkylsuccinic acids and alkenylsuccinic acids, malonic acid, fumaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, phthalic acid) with various alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.

[0120] Esters useful as synthetic oils also include C5-C 12Also included are esters made from monocarboxylic acids and polyols, and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and tripentaerythritol.

[0121] The base oil may be derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons are produced from synthesis gas containing H2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing to be useful as base oils. For example, the hydrocarbons may be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; defatted; or hydroisomerized and defatted using processes known to those skilled in the art.

[0122] Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils can be used in the lubricating oil composition. Unrefined oils are oils obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources without further purification treatment. For example, shale oil obtained directly from retorting operation, petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation, or ester oil obtained directly from esterification process and used without further treatment are unrefined oils. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration and percolation, are known to those skilled in the art.

[0123] Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils, but applied to refined oils that have already been used. Such re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and are often further processed by techniques for the approval of used additives and oil breakdown products.

[0124] Thus, the base oils that may be used to prepare the present lubricating oil compositions may be selected from any of the Group IV base oils as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines, API Publication 1509. Such base oil groups are summarized in Table 1 below. [Table 1]

[0125] Suitable base oils for use herein are any type corresponding to API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and combinations thereof, preferably Group III-V oils, as they have exceptional volatility, stability, viscometric and cleanliness properties.

[0126] The oil of lubricating viscosity for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure, also referred to as base oil, is generally present in a majority amount, e.g., greater than 50 wt%, preferably greater than about 70 wt%, more preferably about 80 to about 99.5 wt%, and most preferably about 85 to about 98 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. As used herein, the expression "base oil" should be understood to mean a base stock or blend of base stocks that is a lubricant component that is manufactured by a single manufacturer to the same specifications (regardless of source or location of manufacturer); meets the same manufacturer's specifications; and is identified by a unique formula, product identification number, or both. As used herein, base oil can be any oil now known or later discovered of lubricating viscosity for use in formulating lubricating oil compositions for any such application, e.g., engine oils, marine cylinder oils, functional oils, e.g., hydraulic oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, and the like. Additionally, the base oils for use herein may optionally contain viscosity index improvers, such as polymeric alkyl methacrylates; olefin-based copolymers, such as ethylene-propylene copolymers or styrene-butadiene copolymers, and the like, and mixtures thereof.

[0127] As one of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate, the viscosity of the base oil will depend on the application, and therefore, as used herein, the viscosity of the base oil will typically range from about 2 to about 2000 centistokes (cSt) at 100 degrees Celsius (C). Generally, base oils used as engine oils have a kinematic viscosity range of about 2 cSt to about 30 cSt at 100° C., preferably about 3 cSt to about 16 cSt, and most preferably about 4 cSt to about 12 cSt. By selecting or blending according to the desired end use and additives in the finished oil, a lubricating oil composition having a desired grade of engine oil, for example, an SAE viscosity grade such as 0W, 0W-8, 0W-12, 0W-16, 0W-20, 0W-26, 0W-30, 0W-40, 0W-50, 0W-60, 5W, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 5W-60, 10W, 10W-20, 10W-30, 10W-40, 10W-50, 15W, 15W-20, 15W-30, 15W-40, 30, or 40, can be obtained.

[0128] lubricating oil composition

[0129] Typically, the sulfur level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.7 wt% or less, e.g., about 0.01 wt% to about 0.70 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.6 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.5 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.4 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.3 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.2 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.10 wt% sulfur level based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the sulfur level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.60 wt% or less, about 0.50 wt% or less, about 0.40 wt% or less, about 0.30 wt% or less, about 0.20 wt% or less, about 0.10 wt% or less, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0130] In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.12 wt% or less, e.g., about 0.01 wt% to about 0.12 wt% phosphorus level based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.11 wt% or less, e.g., about 0.01 wt% to about 0.11 wt% phosphorus level based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.10 wt% or less, e.g., about 0.01 wt% to about 0.10 wt% phosphorus level based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.09 wt% or less, e.g., about 0.01 wt% to about 0.09 wt% phosphorus level based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.08 wt.% or less, e.g., from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.08 wt.% phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.07 wt.% or less, e.g., from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.07 wt.% phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In one embodiment, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.05 wt.% or less, e.g., from about 0.01 wt.% to about 0.05 wt.% phosphorus based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0131] In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 1.60 wt.% or less, as determined by ASTM D874, e.g., about 0.10 to about 1.60 wt.% sulfated ash as determined by ASTM D874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 1.00 wt.% or less, as determined by ASTM D874, e.g., about 0.10 to about 1.00 wt.% sulfated ash as determined by ASTM D874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is about 0.80 wt.% or less, as determined by ASTM D874, e.g., about 0.10 to about 0.80 wt.% sulfated ash as determined by ASTM D874. In one embodiment, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.60 wt. % sulfated ash as determined by ASTM D874, for example, from about 0.10 to about 0.60 wt. % sulfated ash as determined by ASTM D874.

[0132] In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition has a high temperature shear (HTHS) viscosity of from greater than 1.7 to less than 3.7 mPa.s and a NOACK loss of from 10 to 20 wt. %. In other embodiments, the lubricating oil composition has a high temperature shear (HTHS) viscosity of from greater than 1.7 to less than 3.7 mPa.s and a NOACK loss of from 10 to 15, or from 10 to 12 wt. %.

[0133] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides lubricating oil compositions suitable for reducing friction in passenger vehicle internal combustion engines, particularly spark ignition, direct injection and / or port fuel injected engines. In certain embodiments, the engine may be coupled to a hybrid vehicle electric motor / battery system (e.g., a port fuel injected spark ignition engine coupled to a hybrid vehicle electric motor / battery system). In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides lubricating oil compositions suitable for reducing friction in heavy duty diesel internal combustion engines.

[0134] The following examples are presented to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are parts and percentages by weight. All numerical values ​​are approximate. When numerical ranges are given, it should be understood that embodiments outside the ranges described may still be within the scope of the present invention. The specific details described in each example should not be interpreted as necessary features of the present invention. EXAMPLES

[0135] The following examples are intended for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way.

[0136] The lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were prepared and tested for piston cleanliness and tendency to piston ring stick according to the Volkswagen Turbocharged DI test (European passenger car diesel engine test (CEC-L-78-T-99), part of the ACEA A / B and C standard promulgated by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association in 2004). The test was used to simulate repeated cycles of high speed operation followed by idling. A Volkswagen 1.9 liter, in-line, 4-cylinder turbocharged direct injection automotive diesel engine (VW TDi) was mounted on an engine dynamometer stand. A 54 hour two-stage procedure was performed with 30 minutes of 40°C oil sump cycling at idle and 150 minutes of 145°C oil sump cycling at full power (4150 rpm) without intermediate oil top-ups. After the procedure, the pistons were evaluated for carbon and lacquer deposits, as well as carbon filling of the grooves. The piston rings were evaluated for ring sticking. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0137] Example 1 About 6.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 10, C8-C having 10 cSt at 100° C., a weight average molecular weight of about 760 g / mol, and a number average molecular weight of about 720 12A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-12, containing 74.9 wt. % Group IV base oil (3.6 cSt at 100° C.), about 6.0 wt. % Group III base oil (2.91 cSt at 100° C.), about 3.2 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide-based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0138] Example 2 About 8.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 10, C8-C having 10 cSt at 100° C., a weight average molecular weight of about 760 g / mol, and a number average molecular weight of about 720 12 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-12, containing 72.9 wt. % Group IV base oil (3.6 cSt at 100° C.), about 5.3 wt. % Group III base oil (2.91 CSt at 100° C.), about 3.2 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide-based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0139] Example 3 About 10.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 10, C8-C having 10 cSt at 100° C., a weight average molecular weight of about 760 g / mol, and a number average molecular weight of about 720 12 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-12, containing 70.9 wt. % Group IV base oil (3.6 cSt at 100° C.), about 5.3 wt. % Group III base oil (2.91 CSt at 100° C.), about 3.2 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide-based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0140] Comparative Example 1 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition of 0W-12 viscosity grade was prepared containing about 78.7 wt. % Group IV base oil (3.6 cSt at 100° C.), about 5.0 wt. % Group III base oil (2.91 CSt at 100° C.), about 3.2 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0141] Example 4 About 10.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 10, C8-C having 10 cSt at 100° C., a weight average molecular weight of about 760 g / mol, and a number average molecular weight of about 720 12 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 5W-40, containing 1.0 wt. % Group III base oil (4.21 cSt at 100° C. derived from olefins), 35.4 wt. % Group III base oil (4.21 cSt at 100° C.), about 31.4 wt. % Group III base oil (6.36 CSt at 100° C.), about 2.9 wt. % (actives basis) of a bis-succinimide dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, 0.79 wt. % (actives basis) of a borated bis-succinimide having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 1300 number average molecular weight, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0142] Comparative Example 2 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition of 5W-40 viscosity grade was prepared containing about 33.3 wt. % Group III base oil (4.21 cSt at 100° C.), 43.1 wt. % Group III base oil (6.36 CSt at 100° C.), about 2.9 wt. % (actives basis) of a bis-succinimide dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, 0.79 wt. % (actives basis) of a borated bis-succinimide having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 1300 number average molecular weight, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0143] Example 5 About 10.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 10, C8-C having 10 cSt at 100° C., a weight average molecular weight of about 760 g / mol, and a number average molecular weight of about 720 12 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-20, containing 68.8 wt. % Group III base oil (4.18 cSt at 100° C. derived from olefins), 68.8 wt. % Group III base oil (4.18 cSt at 100° C.), about 5.0 wt. % Group III base oil (6.36 CSt at 100° C.), about 2.1 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, 2.0 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a borated bis-succinimide having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 1300 number average molecular weight, and typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0144] Example 6 About 9.9 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 10, C8-C having 10 cSt at 100° C., a weight average molecular weight of about 760 g / mol, and a number average molecular weight of about 720 12A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-20, containing 1.0 wt. % Group III base oil (4.0 cSt at 100° C.), 73.2 wt. % Group III base oil (4.0 cSt at 100° C.), about 3.4 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0145] Comparative Example 3 Approximately 10.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 8, 7.95 cSt at 100°C, C 10 Derived from olefins, C 12 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-20, containing 100.0 g / l of olefin-free lubricating oil, 73.1 wt. % Group III base oil (4.0 cSt at 100° C.), about 2.9 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0146] Example 7 Approximately 10.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 9, 9 cSt at 100°C, C 12 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-20, containing about 73.1 weight percent of a Group III base oil (4.0 cSt at 100° C.), about 3.4 weight percent (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide-based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0147] Example 8 About 4.0 wt. % of Group IV base oil (PAO 40, C8-C having 39 cSt at 100° C., weight average molecular weight of 2768 g / mol, number average molecular weight of about 2188 12A fully formulated lubricating oil composition was prepared having a viscosity grade of 0W-20, containing 1.0 wt. % Group III base oil (4.0 cSt at 100° C.), 79.1 wt. % Group III base oil (4.0 cSt at 100° C.), about 3.4 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide-based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils.

[0148] Comparative Example 4 A fully formulated lubricating oil composition of 0W-20 viscosity grade was prepared containing about 4.0 wt. % Group IV base oil (PAO 40, 40 cSt, derived from C8 olefins), about 79.4 wt. % Group III base oil (4.0 cSt at 100° C.), about 3.4 wt. % (on an actives basis) of a bis-succinimide-based dispersant having a polyisobutyl group of approximately 2300 number average molecular weight, as well as typical amounts of detergents, phosphorus antiwear agents, antioxidants, friction modifiers, foam inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and diluent oils. [Table 2] [Table 3]

[0149] The pass / fail scores according to ACEA standards B4, B5, C3, and VW regulations are shown in Table 3 below. [Table 4]

[0150] It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Thus, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments. For example, the functions described and implemented above as the best mode for operating the invention are for illustrative purposes only. Those skilled in the art may implement other configurations and methods without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Moreover, those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. Note that the following [1] to

[20] are all embodiments or aspects of the present invention. [1] 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) from about 6 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt; (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and the base oil (A) is at least partially 12 The lubricating oil composition is derived from an olefin, and further wherein base oil A has a weight average molecular weight of about 300 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. [2] The one or more PAO base oils are 6 -C 14 The lubricating oil composition according to [1], which is derived from an alpha olefin. [3] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], comprising about 8 wt % to about 12 wt % of the one or more base oils (A), based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. [4] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], wherein the one or more base oils (B) comprise one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils or a mixture thereof. [5] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], wherein the succinimide dispersant is derived from a polyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of about 1300 to about 2500 Daltons. [6] The lubricating oil composition according to [1], comprising about 0.7 to about 5 wt. % of the succinimide dispersant, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. [7] The lubricating oil composition of [1], further comprising one or more lubricating oil composition additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, detergents, rust inhibitors, haze removers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof. [8] 1. A method for reducing deposits in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: (a) about 6 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 8.0 cSt to about 12 cSt; (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and providing said lubricating oil composition comprising base oil (A) at least in part from C 12 The above method, wherein base oil A is derived from an olefin and has a weight average molecular weight of about 300 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. [9] The one or more PAO base oils are 8 -C 12 The method according to [8], wherein the polyolefin is derived from an alpha olefin.

[10] The method of [8], wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises from about 8 wt % to about 12 wt % of the one or more base oils (A), based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[11] The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more base oils (B) comprise one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils, or a mixture thereof.

[12] The method of [8], wherein the succinimide dispersant is derived from a polyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of about 1300 to about 2500 Daltons.

[13] The method of claim 8, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises about 0.7 to about 5 weight percent of the succinimide dispersant, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[14] [8] The method of claim 8, wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises one or more lubricating oil composition additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, detergents, rust inhibitors, dehaze removers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof.

[15] 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) from about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A) comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt; (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and the base oil (A) is at least partially 12 The lubricating oil composition, wherein base oil A is derived from an olefin and has a molecular weight of 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.

[16] The one or more PAO base oils are 6 -C 14 The lubricating oil composition according to

[15] , which is derived from an alpha olefin.

[17]

[15] The lubricating oil composition according to

[15] , wherein the one or more base oils (B) comprise one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils or a mixture thereof.

[18] 1. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, comprising about 0.7 to about 5 weight percent of the succinimide dispersant, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the succinimide dispersant is derived from a polyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of about 1300 to about 2500 Daltons.

[19]

[15] . The lubricating oil composition of claim 15, further comprising one or more lubricating oil composition additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, detergents, rust inhibitors, haze removers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof.

[20] 1. A method for reducing deposits in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: (a) about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A), comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of about 30.0 cSt to about 50.0 cSt; (b) from about 65% to about 85% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 3.0 cSt to about 5.5 cSt; and (c) from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; wherein the base oil (A) is at least partially selected from the group consisting of C 12 The method for reducing the molecular weight of base oil A, which is derived from an olefin and has a molecular weight of 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.

Claims

1. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) 6 wt % to 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A) comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. from 8.0 cSt to 12 cSt; (b) 65 wt % to 85 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.0 cSt to 5.5 cSt; and (c) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and the base oil (A) is at least partially １２ The lubricating oil composition is derived from an olefin, and further wherein base oil A has a weight average molecular weight of 300 g / mol to 1000 g / mol.

2. The one or more PAO base oils are ６ -C １４ 10. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 which is derived from an alpha olefin.

3. 2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, comprising from 8 wt % to 12 wt % of said one or more base oils (A), based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

4. 2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more base oils (B) comprise one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils, or mixtures thereof.

5. 2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the succinimide dispersant is derived from a polyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of 1300 to 2500 Daltons.

6. 2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, comprising 0.7 to 5 weight percent of said succinimide dispersant, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

7. 10. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more lubricating oil composition additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, detergents, rust inhibitors, dehaze removers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof.

8. 1. A method for reducing deposits in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: (a) 6 wt % to 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A) comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. from 8.0 cSt to 12 cSt; (b) 65 wt % to 85 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.0 cSt to 5.5 cSt; and (c) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and providing said lubricating oil composition comprising base oil (A) at least in part C １２ The method for reducing base oil A, wherein the base oil A is derived from an olefin and further has a weight average molecular weight of 300 g / mol to 1000 g / mol.

9. The one or more PAO base oils are ８ -C １２ 9. The process of claim 8 which is derived from an alpha olefin.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises from 8 wt % to 12 wt % of the one or more base oils (A), based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

11. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more base oils (B) comprise one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils, or mixtures thereof.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the succinimide dispersant is derived from a polyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of from 1300 to 2500 Daltons.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises 0.7 to 5 weight percent of the succinimide dispersant, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

14. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises one or more lubricating oil composition additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, detergents, rust inhibitors, dehaze removers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof.

15. 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) 2 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A) comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. from 30.0 cSt to 50.0 cSt; (b) 65 wt % to 85 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.0 cSt to 5.5 cSt; and (c) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; and the base oil (A) is at least partially １２ The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein said base oil A is derived from an olefin and has a molecular weight of from 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.

16. The one or more PAO base oils are ６ -C １４ 16. The lubricating oil composition of claim 15 which is derived from an alpha olefin.

17. 16. The lubricating oil composition of claim 15, wherein the one or more base oils (B) comprise one or more Group III base oils, one or more Group IV base oils, or mixtures thereof.

18. 2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, comprising 0.7 to 5 weight percent of said succinimide dispersant, based on a total weight of said lubricating oil composition, said succinimide dispersant being derived from a polyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of 1300 to 2500 Daltons.

19. 16. The lubricating oil composition of claim 15, further comprising one or more lubricating oil composition additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, detergents, rust inhibitors, haze removers, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoam agents, co-solvents, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof.

20. 1. A method for reducing deposits in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: (a) 2 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (A) comprising one or more polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. from 30.0 cSt to 50.0 cSt; (b) 65 wt % to 85 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of one or more base oils (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.0 cSt to 5.5 cSt; and (c) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, of a succinimide dispersant; wherein the base oil (A) is at least partially １２ The method for reducing base oil A, which is derived from an olefin, has a molecular weight of 900 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.

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