Printed Materials

Abstract

To provide a printed matter capable of expressing a texture that changes by a viewing angle or a light volume, and a depth and transparent feeling.SOLUTION: A printed matter includes at least two kinds of lattice-like layer on a surface of the printed matter. The lattice-like layer is composed of lattice-like lines allowing light to pass therethrough, with each width of the lines being 0.05 mm or less and each thickness of the lines being 0.01 mm or less. A distance between two neighboring lines in the lines is 0.05 mm or less. The lattice-like layer is composed of the lattice-like lines being continuous or consecutive.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a printed matter that is capable of expressing texture, depth and transparency. [Background technology]

[0002] Old paintings with high historical value deteriorate over time even when exhibited or stored. In recent years, due to their rarity, reproductions are sometimes exhibited to protect the paintings. Technology has advanced to create reproductions that are closer to the originals in order to pass on their value to future generations. There are many methods for creating reproductions. For example, techniques such as hand-drawn paintings, in which the artist faithfully reproduces each painting by hand, lithographs using printing techniques, original lithographs, and esplanade lithographs have been used. Other techniques that have been used include offset printing and screen printing, and in recent years, giclee, a reproduction technique that converts the original painting into digital information and combines it with the latest digital printing methods, has been widely used.

[0003] The printing method of the Giclee technique involves capturing the original image using a high-performance camera or scanner, dividing the image into data with elements such as hue, saturation, and brightness, and reconstructing it as output data for the image. This data is then output again as an image using a digital printer.

[0004] Inkjet printers, which can land tiny color particles, are often used for digital printers. Inkjet printers express color tones with ink particles of one to four colors. In recent years, printing has become more common with ink particles of six or seven colors instead of the traditional four colors, and the existence of intermediate colors connecting the four colors makes it possible to express images very close to what the human eye sees. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2011-170053 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2020-157510 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In the invention described in Patent Document 1, in order to reproduce colors extremely faithful to the original, the color and the amount of reflected light are adjusted so that the detection results of the color and the amount of surface reflected light of the test pattern are predetermined colors and light amounts, thereby bringing the colors closer to the original. However, among paintings, there are portraits that focus on the texture of human skin, and skin is made up of many different cell structures under the stratum corneum on the surface, and each layer refracts and reflects light differently, so that skin appears white under strong light, flesh-colored under soft light, and slightly green in fresh greenery. The state of change under the influence of these lights is expressed as transparency.

[0007] In paintings, the transparency of human skin is expressed by painting multiple layers of paint in very thin thicknesses or small dots. Although the digital printing method described in Patent Document 1 is capable of faithfully reproducing colors, as shown in Figure 1, the C1 color is recognized in the A1, A2, and A3 fields of view seen from viewing angle 1, and the C1 color is recognized in the A1', A2', and A3' fields of view seen from viewing angle 2, and the same color is recognized even when the viewing angle is changed. Therefore, it is difficult to express the texture of objects whose color tone and texture change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light, as is expressed in portraits, or the transparency of human skin.

[0008] Furthermore, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, a protective film Q with projections and recesses is placed on an already printed matter as shown in Figure 2, and the three-dimensional shape of the projections and recesses is recognized visually and tactilely to obtain a superficial texture. However, since protective film Q is formed of a single film, as shown in Figure 2, the color C1 is recognized in the A1, A2, and A3 fields of view seen from viewing angle 1, and the color C1 is recognized in the A1', A2', and A3' fields of view seen from viewing angle 2, and the same color is recognized even when the viewing angle is changed. Therefore, it is difficult to express the texture of an object whose hue, color, and other textures change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light, as expressed in a portrait, or the transparency of human skin.

[0009] In view of the above problems, the present invention has an object to provide a printed matter that can express texture and depth and transparency that change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first aspect of the present invention is The surface of the printed material has at least two types of lattice-like layers, The lattice layer is formed of lattice lines through which light can pass, the line width being 0.05 mm or less, and the line thickness being 0.01 mm or less, This is a printed matter characterized in that the distance between two adjacent lines is 0.05 mm or less.

[0011] Lines and gaps of 0.05 mm or less, and line parts with a thickness of 0.01 mm or less are difficult to distinguish with the human eye and are recognized as flat surfaces, but in reality the lines are present in a lattice pattern, and when a printed matter is viewed from various angles through this lattice pattern, the color of the pattern appears to change, which is recognized as texture. If the gaps between the lines in the lattice layer are 0.05 mm or more, the lattice pattern can be recognized by the human eye, and it is perceived as lattice lines on top of the pattern, which is not desirable. Also, if the thickness of the lattice layer is 0.01 mm or more, the unevenness of the lines can be recognized by the human eye, and it is perceived as lattice lines on top of the pattern, which is not desirable.

[0012] In addition, the second aspect of the present invention is The lattice-like layer may be formed of continuous or discontinuous lattice-like lines. When the lines are dotted or continuous, the appearance of the pattern seen through the lattice-like layer changes in a complex manner when the pattern is viewed from various directions, and this is recognized as texture.

[0013] In addition, the third aspect of the present invention is Among the at least two or more types of lattice-like layers, the lattice-like lines forming one layer may be disposed in the gaps between the lattice-like lines forming the other layer. By disposing the lattice-like lines forming one layer in the gaps between the lattice-like lines forming the other layer, the state becomes closer to a flat surface, which is preferable because it is perceived as a flat surface by the human eye.

[0014] Moreover, a fourth aspect of the present invention is Among the at least two types of lattice-like layers, the lattice-like lines forming one layer and the lattice-like lines forming the other layer may have different refractive indices. When the two or more types of lattice-like lines have different refractive indices, the direction of light passing through the lattice-like lines changes in a complex manner when the viewing direction is changed, and the appearance of the color changes. When the pattern is viewed from various directions, the color tone of the pattern appears to change, and is recognized as a texture.

[0015] Moreover, the fifth aspect of the present invention is The at least two types of lattice-patterned layers may be laminated in one or more layers. By laminating two or more types of lattice-patterned layers, the number of times that light passes through the lattice-patterned lines increases or decreases when the viewing angle changes, and the direction of the light changes in a more complex manner, resulting in a more complex change in the appearance of colors.

[0016] Moreover, a sixth aspect of the present invention is The lattice-like layer may be formed directly on an already printed material.

[0017] The lattice layer is characterized by being made of a transparent material that transmits light, and when strong light enters from the outside, reflection causes halation in the lattice layer, causing the pattern to be perceived as whitish and appear whitish, while under soft light the color of the pattern becomes clear. The surrounding colors also have an effect, and for example, when there is a lot of green in the surroundings, the green color affects the color of the pattern and it appears to change. This state is expressed as the transparency of human skin, and the change in appearance through the lattice layer is recognized as transparency.

[0018] By printing the grid-like layer directly onto a printed matter that has already been colored, it is possible to impart texture and transparency without compromising the original color tone. Effect of the Invention

[0019] According to the printed matter of the present invention, it is possible to provide a printed matter that can express the texture, depth, and transparency of an object depending on the viewing angle and the amount and color of the surrounding light, even though it is a printed matter. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing how a printed matter according to Patent Document 1 appears. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing how a printed matter according to Patent Document 2 appears. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an embodiment of a printed matter according to the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of how a printed matter according to the present invention appears. [Diagram 5] 10A to 10C are schematic diagrams showing other examples of how a printed matter according to the present invention appears. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a printing device for forming a lattice-shaped layer according to the present invention. [Figure 7] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a printing process for forming a lattice-shaped layer according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] An embodiment of the printed matter according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic, and the relationship between planar dimensions and the thickness ratio of each layer are different from the actual ones. The embodiments shown below are examples of configurations for embodying the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited to the materials, shapes, structures, etc. of the components described below.

[0022] The laminated structure of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3. The printed matter shown in this embodiment is a printed matter formed in a state in which a first layer is arranged side by side on an already printed matter P, a lattice-shaped layer B1 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, a lattice-shaped layer B2 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-shaped layer B1, and a second layer is arranged side by side on the already printed matter P, a lattice-shaped layer B3 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, and a lattice-shaped layer B4 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-shaped layer B3.

[0023] Lattice-like layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 are formed on a printed matter P on which a pattern has already been printed, and the lines of the lattice-like layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 are made of a transparent material that transmits light, and the lines of the lattice-like layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 are made of materials having different refractive indices.

[0024] The first layer and the second layer may be laminated so that the lattice-like lines overlap or may be laminated with a phase difference, and the number of layers is not limited to two.

[0025] Figure 4 is a diagram explaining how a printout with only the first layer appears. For example, at viewing angle 1, A1 and A2 pass straight through line B1 of the lattice layer, and color C2 is seen. A3 passes straight through line B2, and color C2 is seen. At viewing angle 2, A1' and A2' are refracted at angle a when passing through line B1, and color C2 is seen. A3' is refracted at angle b when passing through line B2, and color C3 is seen, so at viewing angle 2 it is recognized as a mixture of color C2 and color C3.

[0026] FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the appearance of a print formed by laminating a second layer on a first layer. When viewed from viewing angle 1, A1 passes through line B3 and line B1 and is recognized as color C2, A2 passes through line B4 and line B1 and is recognized as color C2, and A3 passes through B3 and B2 and is recognized as color C2, so color C2 is recognized at viewing angle 1. When viewed from viewing angle 2, A1' passes through line B3 at angle c, enters line B4, passes through angle d, enters line B1, passes through angle a, and is recognized as color C2. A2' passes through line B4 at angle d, enters line B3, passes through angle c, enters line B2, passes through angle b, and is recognized as color C3. When A3' passes through line B3 at angle c, enters line B2, passes through angle b, and is recognized as color C3, so when viewed from viewing angle 2, it becomes a mixture of color C3 and color C2, and color C3 is recognized as a strong mixture.

[0027] In this way, in a printed matter having a lattice-like layer formed thereon, the color tone changes depending on the viewing angle, and the appearance changes depending on the influence of the surrounding light, thereby imparting texture and a sense of depth and transparency to the printed matter P.

[0028] The printed matter having the lattice-like layer of the present invention can be obtained by printing using a known printing method on an already printed matter P. Examples of the printing method include screen printing, screen offset printing, gravure printing, gravure offset printing, and flexographic printing.

[0029] The following resin materials are used as ink materials to form the lattice-like layer. The numbers in parentheses indicate the refractive index of each material. For example, general-purpose resins such as vinyl chloride resin (1.52-1.55), acrylic resin (1.49-1.53), polyurethane resin (1.5), polyester resin (1.6), epoxy resin (1.55-1.61), nitrocellulose resin (1.61), ethylcellulose resin (1.47), polyamide resin (1.53), phenol resin (1.58-1.66), ketone resin (1.74), maleic acid resin (1.74), and photocurable resin can be used.

[0030] The resin material is used by appropriately mixing it with a solvent such as a hydrocarbon solvent (petroleum naphtha, toluene, xylene, tetralin, turpentine oil, etc.), an ester solvent (n-butyl acetate, methoxybutyl acetate, etc.), a ketone solvent (MIBK, diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, etc.), or a polyhydric alcohol derivative (methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, etc.).

[0031] Additives such as vegetable oils, surfactants, wax swelling bodies, defoamers, leveling agents, slip agents, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, and hardening accelerators are appropriately mixed into the resin material. EXAMPLES

[0032] Examples of the present invention will now be described in detail.

[0033] A conceptual diagram of a printing apparatus for realizing one embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 6. A gravure offset printing apparatus 100 was used as the printing apparatus for realizing the present invention. The gravure offset printing apparatus 100 is equipped with a printing plate 101 consisting of a ridged plate, a blanket 103 for ink transfer, a doctor 106 for filling the printing plate 101 with ink 105, and a previously printed object 110.

[0034] The printing plate 101 was made of metal and had dimensions of 100 mm wide x 100 mm long, with printing pattern grooves 104 engraved by etching into the plate. Printing plate 101a had lines of 0.03 mm width and 0.02 mm gaps to become lattice layer B1, printing plate 101b had lines of 0.02 mm width and 0.03 mm gaps to become lattice layer B2, printing plate 101c had lines of 0.04 mm width and 0.02 mm gaps to become lattice layer B3, and printing plate 101d had lines of 0.02 mm width and 0.04 mm gaps to become lattice layer B4, and already-printed matter 110 on which a pattern had already been printed was used.

[0035] The blanket 103 is fixed to the surface of a rotatable blanket cylinder 102, the blanket cylinder 102 is supported on a movable cart (not shown), the cart is supported on a stand, and the blanket 103 rolls while pressed against the printing plate 101, thereby receiving ink 107 in the recesses of the printing plate 101 onto the surface of the blanket 103, and the received ink 108 is transferred as ink 109 by rolling while pressed against the already printed object 110, thereby printing and forming lattice-shaped layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 on the surface of the already printed object 110.

[0036] For printing plate 101a which will become lattice layer B1, ink 105a which is a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin ink and has a refractive index of 1.52 after curing is used; for printing plate 101b which will become lattice layer B2, ink 105b which is an acrylic resin ink and has a refractive index of 1.49 after curing is used; for printing plate 101c which will become lattice layer B3, ink 105c which is a polyester resin ink and has a refractive index of 1.6 after curing is used; and for printing plate 101d which will become lattice layer B4, ink 105d which is a polyurethane resin ink and has a refractive index of 1.5 after curing is used.

[0037] The previously printed matter 110 used was a sheet-like transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film measuring 150 mm wide x 150 mm long x 125 μm thick on which a pattern had already been printed.

[0038] The printing blanket 103 used was made mainly of silicone rubber with a thickness of 0.9 mm, a hardness of 20°, a width of 200 mm and a length of 250 mm. The blanket width 102 used was made of SUS304 with a body width of 220 mm and a diameter of 300 mm.

[0039] Regarding one embodiment of the present invention, a printing method for obtaining a printed matter having a layered structure as shown in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of the printing process in FIG. Ink 105a is applied to the printing plate 101a at a rate of 0.5 g / cm 2 The position where the doctor 106 and the printing plate 101a come into contact is set as the zero point of the doctor, and at a position where the doctor 106 is moved 0.5 mm closer to the printing plate 101a from the zero point, ink is filled 107 into the printing pattern grooves 104 while scraping off the ink 105a (FIG. 7(b)).

[0040] The position where the printing plate 101a and the blanket 103 come into contact is defined as the zero point of the blanket cylinder 102, and the position where the blanket cylinder 102 is moved 0.5 mm closer to the printing plate 101a from the zero point is defined as the position where the ink filler 107a of the printing plate 101a is received by the blanket 103. At this position, the blanket cylinder 102 is rolled at 50 mm / sec to receive 108a the ink filler 107a of the printing plate 101a into the blanket 103 (Figure 7(c)).

[0041] The position where the already printed object 110 and the blanket 103 come into contact is set as the zero point of the blanket cylinder 102, and the position where the blanket cylinder 102 is moved 0.5 mm closer to the already printed object 110 from the zero point is set as the position where the ink 108a received by the blanket 103 is transferred to the already printed object 110. At this position, the blanket cylinder 102 is rolled at 100 mm / sec, and the ink 108a received by the blanket 103 is transferred 109a to the already printed object 110, completing the printing (Figure 7(d)).

[0042] The printed matter 110 with the ink 109a printed thereon is temporarily removed from the apparatus and heated at about 100° C. for 30 minutes to harden the ink 109a. When the printing process is carried out using the printing plate 101a and the ink 105a, a lattice-shaped layer B1 made of polyvinyl chloride resin as shown in FIG.

[0043] Next, the previously printed matter 110 is fixed to the printing platen 111, and the printing plate 101b for the lattice-shaped layer B2 is fixed. The printing position is adjusted so that the lines of the printing plate 101b are printed in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-shaped layer B1 formed on the previously printed matter 110. Then, acrylic resin ink 105b is applied to the printing plate 101b at a rate of 0.5 g / cm. 2 7(a) to 7(d) are carried out, and the lattice-shaped layer B2 pattern 109b is transferred to the already printed matter 110, completing the printing.

[0044] The printed matter 110 with the ink 109b printed thereon is temporarily removed from the apparatus and heated at about 100° C. for 15 minutes to harden the ink 109b. A first layer is formed on the printed matter 110, in which a lattice-shaped layer B1 made of polyvinyl chloride resin and a lattice-shaped layer B2 made of acrylic resin are formed as shown in FIG.

[0045] The previously printed matter 110 on which the lattice-like layers B1 and B2 are printed is fixed to a printing platen 111, and the printing plate 101c for the lattice-like layer B3 is fixed. The printing position is adjusted so that the lines of the printing plate 101c are printed at a position that intersects with the lines of the lattice-like layer B1 formed on the previously printed matter 110. Polyester resin ink 105c is applied to the printing plate 101c at a rate of 0.5 g / cm. 2 7(a) to 7(d) are carried out, and the lattice-shaped layer B3 pattern 109c is transferred to the already printed matter 110, completing the printing.

[0046] The printed matter 110 with the ink 109c printed thereon is temporarily removed from the apparatus and heated at about 120° C. for 30 minutes to harden the ink 109c. On the printed matter 110, a lattice-shaped layer B3 made of polyester resin is formed on the first layer formed of the lattice-shaped layer B1 made of vinyl chloride resin and the lattice-shaped layer B2 made of acrylic resin, as shown in FIG.

[0047] The previously printed matter 110, on which the first layer of the lattice-like layers B1 and B2 and the lattice-like layer B3 formed of vinyl chloride resin thereon are printed, is fixed to a printing platen 111, a printing plate 101d for the lattice-like layer B4 is fixed, and the printing position is adjusted so that the lines of the printing plate 101d are printed in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-like layer B3 formed on the previously printed matter 110. A polyurethane resin ink 105d is applied to the printing plate 101d at a rate of 0.5 g / cm. 2 7(a) to 7(d) are carried out, and the lattice-shaped layer B4 pattern 109d is transferred to the already printed matter 110, completing the printing.

[0048] The printed matter 110 with the ink 109d printed thereon is temporarily removed from the apparatus and heated at approximately 80°C for 60 minutes to harden the ink 109d. A second layer is formed on the printed matter 110, which is a first layer formed of a lattice-shaped layer B1 made of vinyl chloride resin and a lattice-shaped layer B2 made of acrylic resin as shown in Figure 3, and a second layer is formed on the lattice-shaped layer B3 made of polyester resin and a lattice-shaped layer B4 made of polyurethane resin. As a result, a printed matter having the laminated structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 3 is obtained.

[0049] As a result, a printed matter according to the present embodiment was obtained. The color and texture change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light, which was not possible with conventional printing methods, and a printed matter that can express the texture and depth and transparency of an object was obtained. [Explanation of symbols]

[0050] A1 Vertical field of view 1 A2 Vertical field of view 2 A3 Vertical field of view 3 A1': Oblique field of view 1 A2': Oblique field of view 2 A3' Diagonal field of view 3 B1: Lattice layer 1 B2: Lattice layer 2 B3: Lattice layer 3 B4: Lattice layer 4 C2: Color 1 of printed matter C3: Color 2 of printed matter Q...Protective film a Refraction angle 1 b Refraction angle 2 c Refraction angle 3 d Refraction angle 4 1. Vertical viewing angle 2. Oblique viewing angle 100...Printing device 101a: Printing plate of grid-like layer B1 101b: Printing plate of lattice-shaped layer B2 101c ···Printing plate with grid-like layer B3 101d grid layer B4 printing plate 102 Blanket body 103...Blanket 104···Pattern groove 105a: Lattice-patterned layer B1 ink 105b: Lattice-patterned layer B2 ink 105c: Lattice layer B3 ink 105d: Lattice layer B4 ink 106 Doctor 107a: Filling ink for lattice-shaped layer B1 107b: Filling ink for grid-like layer B2 107c: Filling ink for grid-like layer B3 107d: Filling ink for grid layer B4 108a: Lattice-shaped layer B1 receiving ink 108b: Lattice-shaped layer B2 receiving ink 108c: Receiving ink of lattice-shaped layer B3 108d: Lattice-patterned layer B4 receiving ink 109a: Printing pattern of lattice-shaped layer B1 109b: Printing pattern of lattice-shaped layer B2 109c: Printing pattern of layer B3 in a grid pattern 109d: Printing pattern of lattice-shaped layer B4 110...Already printed matter 111 Printing plate

Claims

1. The surface of the printed matter has at least two types of lattice-like layers, The lattice layer is formed of lattice lines through which light can pass, the line width being 0.05 mm or less, and the line thickness being 0.01 mm or less, A printed matter characterized in that the distance between two adjacent lines is 0.05 mm or less.

2. The printed matter according to claim 1 , wherein the lattice layer is formed of continuous or intermittent lattice lines.

3. 3. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the lattice lines forming one layer are arranged in the gaps between the lattice lines forming the other layer.

4. 4. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the lattice lines forming one layer and the lattice lines forming the other layer of the lattice layers have different refractive indices.

5. 5. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the at least two types of lattice-shaped layers are laminated.

6. 6. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the lattice-shaped layer is directly formed on an already printed matter.

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