Building construction method, building and frame package

Abstract

To provide a method for constructing a building, which allows easy assembly of modules and easy manufacturing due to the structure of the modules. [Solution] A method of constructing a building, comprising: stacking cylindrical unreinforced precast concrete structures, each having two end openings of the same shape in a plan view and each having a plurality of holes penetrating the peripheral walls in the height direction, on a foundation so that the holes connect to form communicating holes to form the main body of the building; and inserting a support member whose length is the full length of the communicating holes or longer into the communicating holes to fix the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure to the foundation.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing a building, a building, a frame package, and a precast concrete structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to construct buildings inexpensively, simply, or quickly, a method is sometimes adopted in which prefabricated modules are assembled at a desired location to complete a building (or a part thereof).Patent Document 1 describes a precast concrete structure for housing construction used as the foundation of a multi-story house, which is made of a six-sided structure formed with a bottom part with internal reinforcement and a wall part erected from the periphery of the bottom part so as to surround the bottom part, the six-sided structure being formed by stacking an upper structure with no lid or a ceiling on a lower structure with a bottom, a seal member being interposed between the upper edge part of the lower structure and the lower edge part of the upper structure, the lower structure having a stepped upper edge part at its upper edge, while the upper structure has a stepped lower edge part at its lower edge part corresponding to the stepped upper edge part, angle irons are attached to the corners of each edge part so as to cover the surface, and the angle irons are welded to the reinforcing bars arranged in each structure. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 2959764 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Although the precast concrete structure described in Patent Document 1 is easy to construct on-site, the manufacturing of the precast concrete structure itself in a factory still requires a lot of work. Therefore, when considering the entire series of processes, from the manufacturing of the precast concrete structure to the construction (assembly) of the building, it cannot be said that it is necessarily easy or quick.

[0005] Meanwhile, there is a demand for emergency construction of houses in areas affected by disasters such as earthquakes. Modular housing, which is provided by assembling prefabricated modules on-site, is suitable for this purpose. It is desirable to have modules for construction manufactured in advance and stockpiled, but depending on the scale of the disaster, it is possible that the stockpiled modules may not be sufficient.

[0006] If manufacturing of modules were to start after a disaster (for example, in a factory in an unaffected area), the time required for manufacturing the modules would determine the time required to provide housing, and so it would be considered a rate-limiting step. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to manufacture modules more simply or quickly, and to simplify or speed up the entire work process up to the completion of a building (housing).

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a building, which allows easy assembly of modules and / or easy manufacturing due to the structure of the modules. Another object of the present invention is to provide a building, a frame package, and a precast concrete structure. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The first building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method comprising: stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation to form the body of the building; and inserting a support member of a length equal to or greater than the full length of the communicating holes into communicating holes formed in advance in each of the precast concrete structures in the height direction of the body by stacking the precast concrete structures, thereby fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the method for constructing a building of the present invention, the assembly of modules is simple and / or the structure of the modules makes their manufacture simple, so that the construction of a building can be completed more quickly. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view of a building constructed by a building construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the main parts of a unit that constitutes a building. [Diagram 3] This is an assembly drawing of the units that make up the building. [Figure 4] This is a perspective view of the top stage of an unreinforced precast concrete structure. [Diagram 5] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the peripheral wall W taken along line AA. [Figure 6] 1 is a diagram (partial cross-sectional view) showing the peripheral wall W as seen from the inside. [Figure 7] Figure 8(a) is a perspective view of the unreinforced precast concrete structure that constitutes the top stage of the unit, and Figure 8(b) is a perspective view of a tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure. [Figure 8]FIG. 8(a) is an oblique view of an unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A that constitutes the bottom stage of the unit, and FIG. 8(b) is an oblique view of a tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A. [Figure 9] 1 is a diagram (partial cross-sectional view) showing the peripheral wall W as viewed from the inside. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a unit constituting a building according to another embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is an assembly diagram of a unit that constitutes a building according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] The first building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method comprising: stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation to form a body of the building; stacking the precast concrete structures so that through holes pre-drilled in each of the precast concrete structures are connected in the height direction of the body to form communicating holes; and inserting a support member having a length equal to or greater than the full length of the communicating hole into the communicating hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

[0012] The precast concrete structures used in the first building construction method are provided with through holes in advance. The through holes are made into communicating holes by stacking the precast concrete structures. That is, the precast concrete structures are formed in advance so that the through holes are aligned when stacked. Since the through holes communicate in the height direction of the structure, the stacked precast concrete structures are firmly fixed by inserting support members into the through holes and fixing the topmost precast concrete structure to the foundation. In the first building construction method, the precast concrete structures are transported to the construction site, and then stacked, and the supporting members are inserted and fixed into the communicating holes to form a strong structure, which is easy to assemble and speeds up the construction of the building.

[0013] The second building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to the first building construction method, wherein the precast concrete structure is cylindrical, has two end openings of the same shape when viewed in a plane, and has a plurality of through holes that penetrate the peripheral wall in the height direction, and by stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the main body.

[0014] The precast concrete structure used in the second building construction method is cylindrical, with two end openings of the same shape in plan view, and multiple through holes penetrating the peripheral walls in the height direction. Therefore, the four walls of the building (or the underlying structure) are completed simply by stacking them on the foundation. Therefore, the building is completed simply by covering the openings with a roof, which speeds up the construction of the building.

[0015] The third building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to the first building construction method, wherein the precast concrete structure is semi-square cylindrical in shape, two cross-sectional portions have the same shape when viewed in a plane, and have a plurality of through holes that extend from the cross-sectional portions along the surrounding wall to the bottom, and by stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the structure.

[0016] The precast concrete structure used in the third building construction method is semi-rectangular tubular, with two cross-sectional sections of the same shape in plan view, and the through-holes that run from the cross-sectional sections along the perimeter walls to the bottom. Therefore, when stacked on the foundation, the rectangular tubes are laid on their sides, forming a roof and a pair of opposing walls. The other wall is left open, making this method more suitable for buildings that require a large opening.

[0017] A fourth building construction method of the present invention is a building construction method according to any one of the first to third building construction methods, in which the precast concrete structure is an unreinforced precast concrete structure.

[0018] The precast concrete structure used in the fourth building construction method is an unreinforced precast concrete structure. Therefore, the manufacturing of the precast concrete structure is easier and faster. Generally, unreinforced precast concrete structures may have inferior mechanical strength to reinforced precast concrete structures, but in the building construction method of the present invention, the strength is sufficiently compensated for by fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure and the foundation with a support member.

[0019] The fifth building construction method of the present invention is the fourth building construction method, wherein the precast concrete structure has fitting portions on the peripheral walls, and the fitting portions allow the precast concrete structure to fit with other precast concrete structures.

[0020] The precast concrete structures used in the fifth building construction method are easily stacked because they have fittings on the peripheral walls. Furthermore, these fittings naturally function as guides for stacking. Therefore, by stacking the precast concrete structures along the guides of the fittings, communicating holes can be easily formed without aligning the through holes. This makes construction faster.

[0021] The sixth building construction method of the present invention is the fifth building construction method, further comprising placing a precast concrete structure constituting the lowermost part of the body on the concrete foundation, the foundation having a mating receiving portion on its surface that corresponds to the mating portion.

[0022] The foundation used in the sixth building construction method is made of concrete and has a mating receiving portion on its surface. This mating receiving portion is configured to have a shape that corresponds to the mating portion of the precast concrete structure that constitutes the bottom part. Therefore, by fitting these together, the precast concrete structure is less likely to move on the foundation, and stability is further improved. The mating receiving portion also functions as a guide for positioning the precast concrete structure, which makes construction faster.

[0023] The seventh building construction method of the present invention is the sixth building construction method, wherein the main body has an area corresponding to one room of the building, and the precast concrete structures are stacked adjacent to each other to form the building having a plurality of rooms.

[0024] According to the seventh building construction method, since the precast concrete structure framework corresponds to the area (floor area or wall area) of one room, a building with multiple rooms can be constructed simply by arranging them as required. This construction method allows the layout of the rooms to be easily adjusted according to the purpose and demand, and when adding rooms, it is only necessary to increase the number of precast concrete structure sets (frame packages) for one room, which speeds up the construction of the building.

[0025] The eighth building construction method of the present invention is the seventh building construction method, which further includes fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

[0026] According to the eighth building construction method, a so-called truss is formed on the inside of the peripheral wall using diagonal reinforcing members, thereby further improving the strength of the structure.

[0027] A ninth building construction method of the present invention is the eighth building construction method, wherein the diagonal reinforcing member is fixed to a base plate provided on the precast concrete structure, and the base plate is provided in advance on the precast concrete structure constituting the bottom stage of the body and the precast concrete structure constituting the top stage of the body, respectively.

[0028] According to the ninth building construction method, a base plate for fixing the diagonal reinforcement member is provided in advance on the precast concrete structure, making it easier to install the diagonal reinforcement member at the construction site, and as a result, construction of the building can be completed more quickly.

[0029] The first building of the present invention is a building having a main body formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, in which through holes pre-drilled in each of the precast concrete structures form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the main body by stacking the precast concrete structures, and support members of a length equal to or greater than the full length of the communicating holes are inserted into the communicating holes, thereby fixing the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation.

[0030] The precast concrete structures used in the first building have through holes formed in advance, which communicate with each other when stacked. These holes are formed along the height direction of the building. Support members are inserted into these holes to secure the top precast concrete structure to the foundation, and the stacked precast concrete structures become a strong structure that forms the framework of the building. This structure is easy to assemble on site and allows for rapid construction.

[0031] The first frame package of the present invention is a frame package used for constructing the structure of a building which is formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, in which the number of precast concrete structures included is adjusted so that the structure can be formed to the desired height, and the through holes pre-drilled in each of the precast concrete structures can be made to form communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the structure by stacking the precast concrete structures.

[0032] The first precast concrete structure of the present invention is a precast concrete structure for forming the body of a building by stacking it on a foundation, and the through holes pre-formed in each of the precast concrete structures are capable of forming communicating holes that communicate in the height direction of the body by stacking the precast concrete structures.

[0033] Hereinafter, embodiments of the building construction method, building, frame package, and precast concrete structure of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same reference numerals are used for the same members throughout the drawings. The embodiments shown in the drawings are merely illustrative and do not limit the present disclosure in any sense. The embodiments and their modifications described below can be combined in any manner, and such combinations are within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0034] 1 is a perspective view of a building constructed by a construction method for a building according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "this construction method"). The use of the building is not particularly limited, and the building may be used for residential purposes, offices, stores, or for combined use of these. In the following, a residential building urgently constructed in a disaster area or the like will be described as an example.

[0035] The building 100 is placed on a foundation G that is entirely laid with concrete. The framework of the building 100 is composed of units 1, 2, and 3, which are assembled independently and adjacent to each other with no gaps. The roof of the building 100 is composed of a roofing material 4 made of a galvanized steel sheet that is laid on the framework. In this example, the roofing material 4 is made of a corrugated galvanized steel sheet, but any known material and shape can be used without any particular restrictions. The roofing material 4 may be laid independently on each of the units 1, 2, and 3.

[0036] Although the units 1, 2, and 3 differ in the position and presence or absence of the entrance 5 and window 6, they are all almost the same shape. Specifically, the units 1, 2, and 3 are each the same rectangular parallelepiped, and are configured to have a size that allows a space (6 tatami mat room) with a long side (width) of about 10 m, a short side (depth) of about 2 m, and a height of about 2 m inside. The units 1, 2, and 3 are each configured to have one room inside. In other words, the area inside the opening in a plan view is configured to be the floor area of ​​one room. The size of the units can be freely changed depending on the size of the unreinforced precast concrete structure described later. The building 100 in which all the units are 6 tatami mat rooms is one example, and units of different sizes can be lined up and used as one building. Also, even one of the units can be used as an independent building, and the number and arrangement of the units can be freely changed depending on the purpose, etc.

[0037] Unit 2 has an entrance 5 to the outside in its peripheral wall W (the outer wall of the building 100), and units 1 and 2 have a plurality of windows 6 in their peripheral wall W. Although not shown, each unit has an entrance for passing between other units.

[0038] Units 1, 2, and 3 (the skeleton of the building 100) are each made of concrete and are assembled by stacking three unreinforced precast concrete structures (corresponding to modules) described below. Therefore, the peripheral wall W is constructed with the unreinforced precast concrete structures exposed. The unreinforced precast concrete structures may be covered with wall panels.

[0039] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the main parts of the unit 1, and FIG. 3 is an assembly diagram of the unit 1. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure. To simplify the explanation, windows and entrances are omitted. The unit 1 is composed of unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C stacked in this order from the foundation G, and a plurality of support members 20. In this specification, the term "unreinforced precast concrete structure" refers to a concrete structure that is manufactured in advance in a factory or the like without using reinforcing bars inside, and is transported to a construction site. Since an unreinforced precast concrete structure can be manufactured by pouring cement, water, aggregate, etc. into a formwork and hardening it, it has the advantage that it can be manufactured more easily or quickly than a general one containing reinforcing bars (reinforced concrete). In this example, an unreinforced precast concrete structure is used, but the concrete structure may be a reinforced concrete structure.

[0040] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are each a square tube and are the same rectangle in plan view. The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are the same shape in plan view and are configured so that they can be stacked without gaps. Because they are cylindrical, when they are stacked, a space is secured inside, and this part becomes a room. Note that the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are square tubes that are rectangular in plan view, but the shape is not limited to this. The shape of the unreinforced precast concrete structure is cylindrical, and the shapes of the multiple unreinforced precast concrete structures to form one unit in plan view are the same, and they may be stacked without gaps. Specifically, they may be cylindrical, or may be square tubes other than rectangular. Among these, triangular, rectangular, and hexagonal shapes in plan view are preferred because they make it easy to "tile" (fill a surface) a given area, and equilateral triangles, squares, squares, or regular hexagons in plan view are even more preferred because they make it easy to "tile" using unreinforced precast concrete structures of the same shape.

[0041] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C are provided with mating portions 24A, 24B arranged at equal intervals on the upper and lower sides along the peripheral wall W. The mating portion 24A is a protrusion that protrudes in the height direction (downward) from the lower side, and the mating portion 24B is a recess that is recessed in the height direction (downward) from the upper side, and they are shaped to fit snugly into each other. The unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, which is the topmost level of the unit 1, and the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B, which is the middle level, are each provided with mating portion 24B on the upper side (top side) and mating portion 24A on the lower side (bottom side). These are installed in corresponding positions, and when unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C is placed on top of unreinforced precast concrete structure 11B, fitting portions 24A and 24B overlap, and unreinforced precast concrete structures 11B and 11C are placed together without any gaps, in an almost airtight state.

[0042] In addition, by providing the fitting parts 24A and 24B, positioning when stacking is also easy. The shape of the fitting parts is not limited to the above, and it is sufficient if the shape is such that the unreinforced precast concrete structures can be fitted with other unreinforced precast concrete structures when stacked. In this example, four fitting parts are provided on the top surface side and four fitting parts are provided on the bottom surface side, but the number is not particularly limited. In this example, the fitting part 24B is also provided on the top surface side of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, which is the topmost stage. In this example, since there is no need to stack an unreinforced precast concrete structure on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, the fitting part 24B is not originally required. However, it is provided from the viewpoint of reducing the number of types of formwork used in manufacturing the unreinforced precast concrete structures as much as possible, that is, from the viewpoint of being able to manufacture the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11B and 11C using the same formwork. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a fitting portion on the upper side of the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, but it is preferable to provide a fitting portion on the top surface of the topmost stage. If unreinforced precast concrete structures 11B and 11C are manufactured using different formwork (for example, if there are windows or entrances), it is not necessary to provide a fitting portion on the upper side of the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C.

[0043] On the other hand, a fitting part having a different shape from the fitting part 24A is provided on the lower side (foundation G) side of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A at the bottom (lowest part). Specifically, the fitting part 24C is a rectangular column-shaped fitting part that spans two opposing sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A and is tapered so as to be easily fitted into a corresponding slit-shaped fitting receiving part 24E provided in the foundation G. This configuration makes it easy to position the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A relative to the foundation G, and the placed unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A can be fixed so as not to move relative to the foundation G. Note that the shapes of the fitting part 24C and the fitting receiving part 24E are only examples, and it is sufficient that the positioning can be achieved by fitting the unreinforced precast concrete structure at the bottom, and that the fitted unreinforced precast concrete structure at the bottom can be fixed (suppressed from sliding along the foundation).

[0044] Each of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C has a plurality of equally spaced holes 22A, 22B, and 22C that penetrate the peripheral wall W in the height direction. In this example, a total of ten holes, four in the width direction and one in the depth direction, are arranged approximately evenly along the peripheral wall W. There are no particular limitations on the number and positions of holes provided in each unreinforced precast concrete structure, but two or more holes are preferable, and when the unreinforced precast concrete structure is to have a rectangular cylindrical shape, the holes are preferably provided at the corners and each side of the peripheral wall.

[0045] The holes 22A, 22B, 22C are provided at corresponding positions on the peripheral wall W so that they are in the same position when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C are overlapped while being guided by the fitting portions 24A, 24B, 24C. Therefore, when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C are overlapped, they become communicating holes, that is, holes that penetrate in the height direction.

[0046] Support members are inserted into the communication holes from above the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, which is the top of the skeleton, and are fixed between the foundation G and the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C. The support members are composed of deformed reinforcing bars 20B with threads on the top and bottom, and nuts 20A. As an example, when the inner diameter of the communication holes is 10 to 30 mm, the diameter of the deformed reinforcing bars 20B is preferably 0.5 to 0.9 (5 to 27 mm).

[0047] The deformed reinforcing bars 20B are inserted into the communicating holes and screwed into screw holes 22D provided in the foundation G to be fixed to the foundation G. The deformed reinforcing bars 20B are then fastened by nuts 20A onto the peripheral wall W of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C constituting the topmost stage. This fixes the topmost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C to the foundation G.

[0048] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, and 11C have the advantage that the manufacturing process in a factory is simple and rapid compared to reinforced concrete structures. However, simply stacking them together raises concerns that they may shift horizontally in the event of an earthquake or the like, and the strength is not sufficient for the framework of the building 100.

[0049] As described above, by inserting the support members 20 into the communicating holes formed by the holes 22A, 22B, 22C of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C and tightening and fixing the space between the foundation G and the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C, it is possible to suppress "slippage" of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C due to shaking, etc. As a result, sufficient strength is achieved as the framework of the building.

[0050] In this way, by making the frame of the unit 1 that constitutes one room of the building 100 into a package (frame package) consisting of three unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C, it becomes easier to transport the materials from the manufacturing site of the unreinforced precast concrete structures to the construction site of the building, but there is a risk that the strength of the building will be insufficient if unreinforced precast concrete structures are simply stacked on top of each other. With this construction method, the strength of the unreinforced precast concrete structure is compensated for by inserting and fixing support members into the communicating holes, which makes it possible to achieve both ease of manufacturing and transportation in a disassembled state and strength after construction.

[0051] The frame package may include the number of unreinforced precast concrete structures required according to the height of the building 100 (preferably a single-story building), and may also include the number of support members required. The frame package may also include the diagonal reinforcement members described below.

[0052] The building 100 constructed by this construction method further includes a diagonal reinforcing member for improving strength. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the peripheral wall W taken along line AA. Schematically speaking, it is a view showing the peripheral wall W as viewed from the inside (room side). Diagonal reinforcing members 34, 34 are fixed to the inside of the peripheral wall W of the unit 1 so as to cover almost the entire height of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11B, 11C. Specifically, the two diagonal reinforcing members 34 are fixed to the base plate 32C provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11C constituting the top stage and the base plate 32A provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 11A constituting the bottom stage, so as to be cross-hung. The diagonal reinforcing member 34 is made of two deformed steel bars, and the tensile force is adjusted by a turnbuckle 33. The base plates 32A, 32C are typically embedded during the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 11A, 11C.

[0053] The truss structure using the diagonal reinforcing members 34 may be visible from the inside (room side) as shown in Fig. 5, or may be hidden by a wall panel. Also, instead of being cross-hatched, a single diagonal reinforcing member 34 may be used. The diagonal reinforcing member 34 further increases the resistance of the building 100 to shear stress. The diagonal reinforcing member 34 is not essential for the strength of the building 100, and may be used as appropriate depending on the application.

[0054] FIG. 6 is a view showing the peripheral wall W as seen from the inside, similar to FIG. 5. Unreinforced precast concrete structures 13A, 13B, and 13C are stacked to form one unit. Windows 6 are formed in the unreinforced precast concrete structures 13B and 13C. The windows 6 can be formed by fitting glass or the like into through holes provided in advance on the outer peripheral surface (wall surface) of the unreinforced precast concrete structure. In this case, three sets of reinforcing members 41, 41, 44, 44, 47, and 47 are provided for one wall surface. The reinforcing members 41, 41 are fixed to the base plate 42C and the base plate 42A so as to be cross-hung in the center between the two windows 6 on the left and right, and the tensile force is adjusted by the turnbuckle 43.

[0055] Furthermore, the reinforcing members 44, 44 (47, 47) are fixed to the base plates 45C (48C) and 45A (48A) in a cross-shaped manner in the end region between the window 6 and the wall surface, and the tensile force is adjusted by the turnbuckles 46 (49). With this configuration, even when a window 6 is provided, the strength is maintained by positioning the diagonal reinforcing members to avoid this. Furthermore, the position of the base plate can be determined in advance according to the position of the window, and it is easy to attach the fixing brackets at the factory.

[0056] Figures 7 to 9 are diagrams showing modified examples of different methods of embedding a base plate into an unreinforced precast concrete structure. Figure 7 is a perspective view (Figure 7(a)) of an unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C constituting the top stage of the unit, and a perspective view (Figure 7(b)) of a tubular member with a base plate to be embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C.

[0057] The unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C differs from the above-described embodiment in that it has equally spaced holes 52 that penetrate the peripheral wall in the height direction, and at least some of the holes 52 are formed as hollow portions of the base plate-equipped tubular members 54, 56.

[0058] The tubular member 54 with base plate includes a cylindrical main body 54A having a height approximately equal to that of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, and a base plate 54B extending in a cantilever shape from a mid-way point in the height direction of the main body 54A (preferably above the halfway point and below the upper end). The base plate 54B is branched in a Y-shape in plan view, and reinforcing members can be fixed from two directions. The tubular member 54 with base plate is held and embedded in a place where reinforcing members should be fixed in two directions, such as a corner of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, during the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C. In this way, the hollow part of the main body 54A forms a hole 52, which makes it easier to position the base plate 54B during manufacture (determine the embedding location and fix it).

[0059] Similarly, the tubular member with base plate 56 comprises a cylindrical main body 56A having a height approximately equal to that of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, and a base plate 56B extending in a cantilevered manner from a mid-way portion in the height direction of the main body 56A (preferably above the halfway point and below the upper end). The tubular member with base plate 56 is also embedded during the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C. Since the tubular member with base plate 56 has the base plate 56B extending in one direction, it is used to form the holes 52 provided on the sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C, not on the corners.

[0060] Figure 8 is an oblique view of an unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A that constitutes the bottom stage of the unit (Figure 8(a)), and an oblique view of a tubular member with a base plate that is embedded in the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A (Figure 8(b)).

[0061] In the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A, a tubular member with a base plate 64, structurally similar to the tubular member with a base plate 54, is embedded upside down relative to the tubular member with a base plate 54. A tubular member with a base plate 66, similar to the tubular member with a base plate 56, is also embedded in the structure. By embedding the tubular members with base plates in this manner, the base plates 64B, 66B protrude from the lower side in the height direction of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A, improving the reinforcing effect of the diagonal reinforcing members. The formation of the holes 62 by the tubular members with base plates 64, 66 is the same as described above.

[0062] In both unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A and 50C, holes 52, 62 are simply provided in the locations where base plates are not required. That is, no tubular members are embedded, and holes 52, 62 are simply formed by the formwork. This simplifies the manufacture of unreinforced precast concrete structures, but instead, only tubular members without base plates may be embedded in those locations.

[0063] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the state of the peripheral wall W as seen from the inside (room side). As in the above example, one unit is formed from the unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A, 50B, and 50C. Diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71 (72, 72) are fixed to the inside of the peripheral wall W so as to cover almost the entire height of the unreinforced precast concrete structures 50A, 50B, and 50C. Specifically, the two diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71 (72, 72) are fixed to the base plates 54B (corner portion) and 56B (side portion) provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50C constituting the top stage, and the base plates 64B (corner portion) and 66B (side portion) provided on the unreinforced precast concrete structure 50A constituting the bottom stage, so as to be cross-hung, respectively. The diagonal reinforcing members 71, 71 (72, 72) are composed of two deformed steel bars, and the tensile force is adjusted by turnbuckles 73 and 74.

[0064] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a construction method for a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, in step S101, an unreinforced precast concrete structure is manufactured. This step is usually carried out in a manufacturing factory. As described above, a plurality of unreinforced precast concrete structures are stacked to form one unit (one room). Usually, it is preferable to divide the height of one floor of a typical house into three sections and use three unreinforced precast concrete structures. However, the number of unreinforced precast concrete structures stacked to form one unit is arbitrary and may be determined appropriately depending on the height of the unit, etc.

[0065] The method for manufacturing the unreinforced precast concrete structure is not particularly limited, and known methods can be used. Specifically, a mixture of cement, water, and aggregate (sand, gravel) is poured into a formwork and hardened until it reaches a predetermined strength. After hardening, it can be removed from the formwork. Note that, before hardening (usually before pouring), end plates for fixing the diagonal reinforcing members may be embedded, or tubular members with end plates may be embedded. Of course, the end plates can also be driven into the unreinforced precast concrete structure after hardening and fixed.

[0066] In this construction method, unreinforced precast concrete structures of almost the same shape are combined into one unit, and multiple units are combined to form one building, so the number of types of formwork is not increased. For example, one type of formwork for an unreinforced precast concrete structure divided into three units (height) corresponding to a unit with two entrances can be used for a building with multiple rooms where the units are connected.

[0067] Next, in step S102, a concrete foundation is laid. This step is usually performed at the construction site. It is preferable that the concrete foundation is laid over the entire surface of the required area. The fitting receiving portion 24E and the screw hole 22D are provided in advance at predetermined positions on the concrete foundation.

[0068] Next, in step S103, a frame package used for constructing the building frame is transported to the construction site, and the unreinforced precast concrete structure constituting the bottom layer is placed at a predetermined position on the concrete foundation G, and a predetermined number of unreinforced precast concrete structures are stacked on top of it. The frame package already contains unreinforced precast concrete structures corresponding to the number of units included in the building and the number of divisions in the height direction. It also contains the necessary number of support members, etc.

[0069] The unreinforced precast concrete structure that constitutes the bottom tier can be placed using the fitting receiving portion 24E as a guide, so positioning is easy. The unreinforced precast concrete structures to be stacked on top of it can also be stacked using the fitting portion as a guide, so positioning is also easy. Construction is quick, as the unreinforced precast concrete structure transported by truck or the like can be simply hung using a crane or unic vehicle and placed in the designated location.

[0070] Next, in step S104, the support members are inserted into the through holes and fixed in place. Since the through holes are formed simply by stacking the unreinforced precast concrete structures according to the guide of the fittings, the insertion and fixing of the support members is easy. The method of inserting and fixing the support members has already been described.

[0071] Next, in step S105, the diagonal reinforcement members are fixed to the inside of the peripheral wall. Because the base plate has already been installed during the manufacture of the unreinforced precast concrete structure, workers at the construction site can easily understand where and how to install the diagonal reinforcement members just by looking at the arrangement of the base plate, making the work easy.

[0072] Next, in step S106, the necessary interior work (for example, installation of interior walls and ceilings) is carried out, and the roof is laid. According to this construction method, the unreinforced precast concrete structure can be manufactured easily and quickly in a factory, and can also be easily assembled on-site, making the entire process quick. In addition, since the structure is configured to insert and fix support members into the through holes, it has sufficient strength. According to this construction method, it is possible to respond quickly to sudden construction demands, such as during disasters.

[0073] Next, another embodiment of the building of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing a unit constituting the building. Fig. 12 is an assembly drawing of the unit constituting the building.

[0074] As in the first embodiment, the unit 80 is a component of a building, and one or more units are arranged adjacent to each other on the foundation G to form a building. The unit 80 is formed by stacking unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B. The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are each semi-rectangular tubular, and a cross-sectional portion 84A of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and a cross-sectional portion 84B of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B have the same shape in a plan view. In addition, a cross-sectional portion 84C of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and a cross-sectional portion 84D of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B have the same shape in a plan view. In other words, the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are configured to overlap perfectly when stacked with their cross-sectional portions facing each other.

[0075] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B have a plurality of through holes 86 that penetrate from cross-sectional portions 84A, 84B, 84C, 84D along the peripheral wall W, in other words, along the wall to the bottom. The openings of the through holes 86 at cross-sectional portions 84A, 84B, 84C, 84D are formed at positions that overlap when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B are overlapped. In other words, when the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B are overlapped, two of the through holes 86 are connected to form a communication hole 88 (FIG. 12).

[0076] The unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B are stacked so that the communication holes 88 are oriented along the height direction of the building. That is, the square tubular unit 80 formed by stacking the unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A, 82B is placed in a state of lying on the foundation G. The support members 20 consisting of the deformed reinforcing bars 20B and nuts 20A are inserted into the communication holes 88 and fastened to holes 90D provided in the foundation G, thereby fixing the uppermost unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A to the foundation G.

[0077] A fitting portion 90A is provided on the underside of the peripheral wall W of unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A. Meanwhile, a fitting portion 90B is provided on the upper side of unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B. These are provided at corresponding positions, so that when unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A is placed on unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B, the fitting portions 90A and 90B overlap, and unreinforced precast concrete structures 82A and 82B are placed on top of each other without any gaps and in a nearly airtight state.

[0078] Furthermore, a fitting portion 90C having a different shape from the fitting portion 90A is provided on the lower side (foundation G) of the lowest unreinforced precast concrete structure 82B. Specifically, the fitting portion 90C is a rectangular column-shaped fitting portion that spans two opposing sides of the unreinforced precast concrete structure 82A and is tapered so as to be easily fitted into a corresponding slit-shaped fitting receiving portion 90E provided in the foundation G.

[0079] In this embodiment, the unreinforced precast concrete structure is a semi-square tube, with two cross-sectional areas of the same shape in plan view, and the through holes that run from the cross-sectional areas along the perimeter walls. Therefore, when stacked on the foundation, the square tubes are laid sideways, forming a roof and a pair of opposing walls. The other wall is left open, making it suitable for buildings that require a large opening. [Explanation of symbols]

[0080] 1-3 Unit, 4 Roofing, 5 Entrance, 6 Window 11A-C, 13A-C, 50A-C Unreinforced precast concrete structure 20 Support member, 22A-C hole, 22D screw hole, 24A-C fitting portion, 24E fitting receiving portion, 100 Building, G Foundation, W Peripheral wall

Claims

1. A construction method for a building, comprising the steps of: stacking the precast concrete structure on a foundation to form a framework for the building; By stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes provided in advance in each of the precast concrete structures form communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the body, and a support member having a length equal to or longer than the entire length of the communication hole is inserted into the communication hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation; The precast concrete structure is cylindrical, has two end openings that are the same shape in a plan view, and has a plurality of through holes that penetrate the peripheral wall in a height direction; The through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures to form communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the body; and fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

2. A method for constructing a building, comprising: stacking the precast concrete structure on a foundation to form a framework for the building; By stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes provided in advance in each of the precast concrete structures form communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the body, and a support member having a length equal to or longer than the entire length of the communication hole is inserted into the communication hole to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation; The precast concrete structure has a semi-rectangular cylindrical shape, two cross-sectional portions having the same shape in a plan view, and a plurality of through holes extending from the cross-sectional portions along the peripheral wall to the bottom, The through hole is formed by stacking the precast concrete structures to form the communication hole communicating in the height direction of the body; and fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

3. 3. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the precast concrete structure is an unreinforced precast concrete structure.

4. 3. The method for constructing a building according to claim 1, wherein the precast concrete structure has a fitting portion on the peripheral wall, and the fitting portion allows the precast concrete structure to fit with another precast concrete structure.

5. The method further includes placing a precast concrete structure constituting the lowermost part of the structure on the concrete foundation; The building construction method according to claim 4 , wherein the foundation has a fitting receiving portion on a surface thereof, the fitting receiving portion corresponding to the fitting portion.

6. The framework has an area corresponding to one room of the building, 6. A method of constructing a building as claimed in claim 5, comprising stacking the precast concrete structures adjacent to one another to form the building having a plurality of rooms.

7. The diagonal reinforcing member is fixed to a base plate provided on the precast concrete structure, 3. The method of constructing a building as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the base plate is pre-installed on the precast concrete structure constituting the bottom stage of the structure and the precast concrete structure constituting the top stage of the structure.

8. A building having a skeleton formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, By stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes provided in advance in each of the precast concrete structures form communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the body, and support members having a length equal to or greater than the entire length of the communication holes are inserted into the communication holes to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation, The precast concrete structure is cylindrical, has two end openings that are the same shape in a plan view, and has a plurality of through holes that penetrate the peripheral wall in a height direction; The through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures so that the through holes are connected in the height direction of the structure, A building in which diagonal reinforcing members are fixed to the inside of the perimeter walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

9. A building having a skeleton formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, By stacking the precast concrete structures, the through holes provided in advance in each of the precast concrete structures form communication holes that communicate in the height direction of the body, and support members having a length equal to or greater than the entire length of the communication holes are inserted into the communication holes to fix the uppermost precast concrete structure to the foundation, The precast concrete structure has a semi-rectangular cylindrical shape, two cross-sectional portions having the same shape in a plan view, and a plurality of through holes extending from the cross-sectional portions along the peripheral wall to the bottom, The through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures so that the through holes are connected in the height direction of the structure, A building in which diagonal reinforcing members are fixed to the inside of the perimeter walls of the stacked precast concrete structures.

10. A frame package used for construction of a building body formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, comprising: The number of precast concrete structures included is adjusted so that the body of the desired height can be formed; The through holes provided in advance in each of the precast concrete structures are capable of forming a communication hole communicating in the height direction of the body by stacking the precast concrete structures, The precast concrete structure is cylindrical, has two end openings that are the same shape in a plan view, and has a plurality of through holes that penetrate the peripheral wall in a height direction; The through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures so that the through holes are connected in the height direction of the structure, A frame package capable of fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structure.

11. A frame package used for construction of a building frame formed by stacking precast concrete structures on a foundation, comprising: The number of precast concrete structures included is adjusted so that the body of the desired height can be formed; The through holes provided in advance in each of the precast concrete structures are capable of forming a communication hole communicating in the height direction of the body by stacking the precast concrete structures, The precast concrete structure has a semi-rectangular cylindrical shape, two cross-sectional portions having the same shape in a plan view, and a plurality of through holes extending from the cross-sectional portions along the peripheral wall to the bottom, The through holes are formed by stacking the precast concrete structures so that the through holes are connected in the height direction of the structure, A frame package capable of fixing diagonal reinforcing members to the inside of the peripheral walls of the stacked precast concrete structure.

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