Single-sided low-elasticity three-dimensional net and structure

Abstract

To provide a three-dimensionally structured net with one side having low stretchability which is a three-dimensionally structured net used as a house covering material, and which, while exhibiting a heat retaining property in addition to a lighting control property and breathability, has an excellent cushioning property against impact from outside; and to provide a structure made by using the same.SOLUTION: Front and back ground knit textures 1 and 2 are arranged in parallel in a thickness direction, and are connected by connection yarns 3 in a belt-like form. The one ground knit texture 1 comprises: first rows in each of which hexagonal mesh holes H are arranged side by side in a lateral direction while sharing adjacent sides 11; and second rows in each of which square mesh holes S are arranged side by side in the lateral direction while sharing adjacent apexes 12. The first rows and the second rows are alternately arranged side by side while sharing sides 13 other than the adjacent sides 11 and sides 13 in the square mesh holes S. On the other hand, the other ground knit texture 2 has lower stretchability in the lateral direction and a longitudinal direction than the one ground knit texture 1. The connection yarns 3 have portions each substantially perpendicularly connected between the one ground knit texture 1 and the other ground knit texture 2, and portions each obliquely connected between them.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional structure net having low stretchability on one side that can be used as a heat insulating member, a light shielding member, etc., and a structure using the same.

Background Art

[0002] When cultivating horticultural plants and agricultural crops (including animal farming), in addition to seasons and climate, light control, ventilation, and temperature adjustment according to the nature of the animals and plants and the degree of their growth are required. As a facility for artificially adjusting the growth environment of plants, in some cases, a growing structure such as a vinyl house (tunnel house, etc.) is constructed and cultivation is carried out inside the house.

[0003] Generally, a growing structure such as a vinyl house is constructed by stretching a resin film over a frame that forms the framework of the structure. However, with such a simple configuration, the influence of the outside air temperature and sunlight directly reaches the inside of the structure through the resin film. Therefore, in addition to lighting and light shielding devices, air conditioning equipment such as heating and cooling is also required for temperature adjustment and light control suitable for plant growth.

[0004] In addition, since the resin film lacks air permeability, facilities such as ventilation windows and ventilation fans are also required from the perspective of adjusting the growth environment of plants, such as the inside of the house becoming overly humid or hot.

[0005] Furthermore, since the growing structure is usually installed outdoors, when a flying object collides due to weather conditions such as a typhoon, there is a problem that it is easily damaged by the flying object or the like, and the internal growing animals and plants are exposed to wind, rain, snow, etc.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the above background, the applicant has previously developed a technique of forming an air layer by disposing a three-dimensional knitted fabric as a spacer member (spacer: buffer material) between two airtight sheet materials as a covering member for such a vinyl house and filed a patent application (see Patent Document 1) (hereinafter referred to as "Prior Invention 1").

[0007] However, according to the structure of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the prior application invention 1, the structures of the front and back ground knitted fabrics are in a shape where hexagonal mesh structures are arranged opposite to each other, and since the hexagonal meshes can be elastically deformed in six directions toward each vertex, due to the adjustment of the force during stretching, the shape of the hexagonal meshes of the front and back ground knitted fabrics is partially deformed, and the mesh intervals contract or expand depending on the location, becoming uneven, and there is a problem that the light control and heat preservation effects also become uneven depending on the location.

[0008] Also, when both the front and back ground knitted fabrics are rhombic (quadrilateral), the stretching and expanding directions of the meshes are limited to the directions of the four vertices, and due to the lack of elasticity, when stretched on a house, the outer ground knitted fabric does not stretch sufficiently, so when stretching, the outer ground knitted fabric has to be pulled forcibly, and as a result, the inner ground knitted fabric becomes loose.

[0009] Even when the meshes of the ground knitted fabric are configured in a rhombic (quadrilateral) shape, there is still a problem that the shape of the rhombic mesh holes in the inner and outer three-dimensional knitted fabrics when stretched is partially unevenly collapsed, and the light control and heat preservation effects also become uneven depending on the location.

[0010] Also, the applicant has previously developed and filed a patent application for a technology of a three-dimensional Mercazeau knitted fabric in which one of the bases of a double knitted fabric has a net structure with honeycomb-shaped holes formed by chain knitting and the other has a Mercazeau (Mercazeau) weave (see Patent Document 2) (hereinafter referred to as "prior application invention 2").

[0011] However, in this prior application invention 2, since the mesh rows of the outer knitted fabric are simple honeycomb-shaped rows, when a force is applied in an oblique direction, the hexagonal mesh holes tilt and also stretch greatly in the oblique direction.

[0012] Therefore, the outer ground knitted fabric becomes easily stretchable not only vertically and horizontally but also in the oblique direction, and when impacted by flying objects or the like, the connecting threads receive a load in the shearing direction and collapse, and the double knitted fabric is easily crushed, so there are still problems in terms of cushioning properties and strength.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0013] Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2017-000094 Patent Document 2 WO2001 / 044551 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to improve the shape stability of the mesh holes of the surface and back ground weave structures in a three-dimensional structure net as a house covering material, so as to exhibit heat insulation by maintaining an air layer between the surface and back ground weave structures in addition to light control and air permeability, and to provide a one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net excellent in cushioning against external impacts, and a structure using the same. MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS

[0015] The means adopted by the present inventor to solve the above problems will be described as follows.

[0016] The one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net (hereinafter referred to as "three-dimensional structure net") of the present invention is composed of a surface and back ground weave structures and connecting threads connecting the ground weave structures. The ground weave structures are woven into a configuration in which hexagonal mesh holes and square mesh holes are arranged alternately (details will be described later), and the connecting threads are composed of a portion connected substantially vertically and a portion connected obliquely between one ground weave structure and the other ground weave structure.

[0017] That is, the present invention is configured as a three-dimensional structure net in which the surface and back ground weave structures are arranged parallel to each other in the thickness direction and are connected in a belt shape by connecting threads, and the other ground weave structure is lower in stretchability than the one ground weave structure in the direction of the row of mesh holes and the direction perpendicular thereto, which will be described later.

[0018] (Mesh Configuration of Surface and Back Ground Weave Structures) Here, the one ground knitting structure has a configuration in which hexagonal mesh holes and square mesh holes are alternately arranged side by side (hereinafter referred to as "honeycomb - diamond structure"), and the details of the configuration are as follows.

[0019] Regarding the detailed description of the honeycomb - diamond structure, it has a configuration in which hexagonal mesh holes share adjacent sides and are arranged in a row in a direction perpendicular to the side, and square mesh holes share adjacent vertices and are arranged in a row in the same direction as the row of the hexagonal mesh holes.

[0020] Furthermore, it is configured by sharing the sides other than the adjacent sides in the hexagonal mesh holes and the sides in the square mesh holes, and arranging the hexagonal rows and the square rows alternately side by side.

[0021] (Configuration of ground knitting structure - hexagonal mesh holes) Regarding the detailed description of the hexagonal mesh holes, when looking at the ground knitting structure from above with the longitudinal direction (hereinafter referred to as "vertical direction") of the adjacent sides in the hexagonal mesh holes being vertical and the direction perpendicular to the vertical direction (hereinafter referred to as "horizontal direction") being horizontal, it is configured to be a hexagon in which sides inclined at a predetermined angle are extended in the diagonal direction with respect to two sides parallel to the vertical direction from both ends of both sides. Here, in the hexagons adjacent in the horizontal direction, the sides parallel to the vertical direction are the sides shared by adjacent sides with each other, and the chain knitting forming the adjacent sides is a somewhat thick and rigid side linearly arranged and joined (hereinafter referred to as "shared adjacent side").

[0022] Also, the other sides inclined at a predetermined angle (hereinafter referred to as "diagonal sides") form sides by a single chain knitting and are sides with lower bending rigidity than the shared adjacent side. With such a configuration, the hexagonal mesh holes have a configuration including sides parallel to the vertical direction but not including sides parallel to the horizontal direction.

[0023] (Configuration of ground knitting structure - square mesh holes) On the one hand, regarding the square mesh holes, when looking at the ground knitting structure from above, each vertex is arranged in a rhombus with vertices arranged vertically, horizontally, to the upper left, and to the lower right. Adjacent vertices arranged horizontally share each other and are arranged side by side horizontally (hereinafter referred to as "shared adjacent vertices"). These shared adjacent vertices are the parts where the chain stitches of adjacent squares arranged horizontally are linearly arranged and joined with a very small number of stitches, but can be regarded as approximate vertices.

[0024] In addition, each side of the square is arranged with a single chain stitch inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to both the vertical and horizontal directions, and each side of the square is arranged as a common side with the hypotenuse of the hexagon. With such a configuration, the mesh holes of the square have a configuration in which all sides are not parallel to either the vertical or horizontal direction.

[0025] (Arrangement of connecting threads) The connecting thread in the present invention has a portion that is connected substantially vertically and a portion that is connected obliquely between one ground knitting structure and the other ground knitting structure. Specifically, the connecting thread is inserted between the chain stitches forming the sides of the hexagon or square of one ground knitting structure and the sides of the mesh holes of a predetermined shape of the other ground knitting structure, thereby connecting the ground knitting structures in a band shape.

[0026] Here, when looking at the ground knitting structure from above, in the portions where the sides or the sides and vertices of the upper and lower ground knitting structures appear to overlap, the connecting thread is arranged so as to be substantially vertical between the upper and lower ground knitting structures, and in other portions, the connecting thread is arranged so as to be obliquely inclined between the sides or between the side and the vertex (hereinafter referred to as "oblique intersection inclined connection structure").

[0027] In addition, when looking at the ground knitting structure from above, the inclination of the connecting thread is configured to increase as the separation distance between the side or vertex of one ground knitting structure and the side or vertex of the other ground knitting structure increases.

[0028] When viewed from the part where the connecting threads are arranged substantially vertically, for each connecting thread adjacent to the said connecting thread, the inclination of the connecting thread connecting the front and back ground weave structures gradually increases from the vertical, and when the inclination reaches the maximum, the inclination gradually decreases and approaches the vertical again.

[0029] That is, the connecting thread adjacent to one of the parts where the connecting threads are arranged vertically is a connecting thread that is slightly inclined diagonally from the vertical, and the connecting thread adjacent to it is a connecting thread that is more inclined diagonally than the inclined connecting thread. Thus, the diagonally inclined connecting threads are arranged such that their inclination gradually increases from the part where the connecting threads are arranged vertically to the part where the inclination is maximum.

[0030] Also, the connecting thread further adjacent to the connecting thread with the maximum inclination is a connecting thread with a slightly smaller inclination this time, and the connecting thread further adjacent to it is a connecting thread with an even smaller inclination than the connecting thread with a slightly smaller inclination. Thus, following the connecting thread whose inclination gradually increases and reaches the maximum as described above, they are arranged such that their inclination gradually decreases until it becomes vertical again.

[0031] (One-sided low stretchability configuration 1: Marquisette knitted fabric) By the way, as one means of making the other ground weave structure have low stretchability, it can be a marquisette knitted fabric having lattice-shaped mesh holes along the vertical and horizontal directions. Note that marquisette is a thin and coarse-pored fabric woven by interlacing using strongly twisted yarns for both warp and weft, but the marquisette knitted fabric referred to here means a knitted fabric with a low stretchability configuration in which square mesh holes knitted by a double raschel knitting machine are continuous vertically and horizontally.

[0032] By making it a marquisette knitted fabric, when the ground weave structure is viewed from above, the filaments constituting the knitted fabric are linearly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0033] (One-sided low stretchability configuration 2: Heat-sealing yarn configuration) As another means of making the other ground knitted fabric have low stretchability, the ground knitted fabric can be formed of heat-sealing yarns or include heat-sealing yarns, and the heat-sealing yarns can be fixed to each other and / or the yarn materials and connecting yarns of the ground knitted fabric by heat-sealing. The heat-sealing yarns are low-melting filaments and are a general term for yarns that can strongly fuse between fibers when heated.

[0034] In this way, by fusing the heat-sealing yarns that make up the ground knitted fabric with each other, or the heat-sealing yarns with the yarn materials and connecting yarns of the ground knitted fabric, the entire ground knitted fabric functions as a sheet-like member in which thick chain stitches are integrated.

[0035] When using heat-sealing yarns for the ground knitted fabric, the structure of the mesh holes of the ground knitted fabric can be a marquisette fabric, but other mesh fabrics can also be adopted. In particular, by adopting a configuration in which the same ground knitted fabric as one of the ground knitted fabrics on the outside during stretching is used and hexagons and squares are arranged so as to face each other, the portions where the connecting yarns are arranged substantially vertically and the portions where they are arranged obliquely can be arranged in a well-balanced manner, which is preferable.

[0036] (One-sided low-stretch configuration 3: Resin coating configuration) As yet another means of making the other ground knitted fabric have low stretchability, the yarn material constituting the other ground knitted fabric can be coated with a resin such as vinyl chloride. The resin coating can be processed by various methods such as coating, and non-combustible processing can also be performed together.

[0037] (Configuration as a constituent material of a house) On the other hand, in the present invention, a greenhouse or other house structure (cultivation facility) (hereinafter, "house structure") can also be constructed using the one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net. In this case, a house structure as a cultivation facility can be constructed by a frame that serves as a framework of the house structure, a one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net stretched with the low-stretch ground knitted fabric facing down on the frame, and an airtight sheet material stretched over the ground knitted fabric on the outside of the one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net.

[0038] The airtight sheet material can be stretched over the entire double-woven fabric of the three-dimensional structure net, but it is also possible to peel off only a part of the airtight sheet as needed and stretch it over a part of the double-woven fabric.

[0039] Furthermore, as a house structure using the one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net, it can also be configured to include a frame body that serves as the framework of the structure, a first airtight sheet material stretched over this frame body, the one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net stretched over this first airtight sheet material as a spacer, and a second airtight sheet material stretched over this one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net. By adopting such a configuration, it is also possible to create an air layer with an arbitrary thickness corresponding to the thickness of the one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net between the first airtight sheet material and the second airtight sheet material.

Advantages of the Invention

[0040] (Effect of adopting a honeycomb-diamond structure in the ground weave) In the present invention, since one of the ground weaves on the outside of the structure has elasticity in the vertical and horizontal directions, for example, in the case of a tunnel house, where it is necessary to stretch with a larger arc by the thickness of the double-woven fabric than the frame body, the ground weave can stretch and expand flexibly, and there is an effect that a uniform mesh hole can be obtained throughout the structure.

[0041] Regarding the relationship between the expansion and contraction of the ground weave and the mesh hole in detail, since the other inner ground weave has low elasticity in the vertical and horizontal directions, the shape of the lattice-like mesh hole of the inner ground weave hardly collapses, and the apertures are uniform throughout the structure.

[0042] On the other hand, when one of the outer ground weaves is pulled in the horizontal direction, the hypotenuse deforms so as to change the angle, while the shared adjacent side hardly deforms. This is due to the action of changing the angle of the hypotenuse with the intersection of the shared adjacent side and the hypotenuse and the shared adjacent point as the fulcrum. As the hypotenuse changes the angle, the ground weave shrinks slightly in the vertical direction, and the entire ground weave extends in the horizontal direction.

[0043] On the one hand, the ground knitting structure extended in the horizontal direction tends to return to its original state as the whole ground knitting structure contracts because the hypotenuse with a changed angle tries to return to its original angle. This contraction mechanism is due to the action that the intersection of the shared adjacent side and the hypotenuse and the shared adjacent contact point act as fixed fulcrums, so the hypotenuse acts like a spring with one end fixed when the angle changes.

[0044] Also, when pulled in the vertical direction, since the shared adjacent side is parallel to the vertical direction, it resists the pulling load and does not deform. However, since the hypotenuse is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical direction, when receiving the pulling load, the angle changes in the direction of reducing the angle between the hypotenuses with the intersection of the shared adjacent side and the hypotenuse and the shared adjacent contact point as the fulcrum. Due to this change in angle, as the ground knitting structure shrinks in the horizontal direction, the whole ground knitting structure extends in the vertical direction.

[0045] In the case of extension in the vertical direction as well, similar to the case in the horizontal direction, the clothing fabric extended in the vertical direction tends to return to its original state as the whole ground knitting structure contracts because the hypotenuse tries to return to its original angle.

[0046] Furthermore, when pulled in the diagonal direction, since a pair of hypotenuses forming the mesh holes become substantially parallel to the pulling direction, they resist the pulling load and do not deform. On the other hand, the shared adjacent side has an angle with respect to the pulling direction, and the other pair of hypotenuses will curve and loosen.

[0047] Therefore, the shared adjacent side that was parallel to the vertical direction will be slightly inclined in the pulling direction, and the whole ground knitting structure will extend in the diagonal direction by the displacement amounts in the vertical and horizontal directions due to the inclination. However, since the structure is arranged such that the rows of hexagonal mesh holes and the rows of square mesh holes are arranged alternately, the shared adjacent sides parallel to the vertical direction are only included in the rows of hexagonal mesh holes, and the number of inclined sides is small, so the extension in the diagonal direction as a whole is small.

[0048] Due to the double fabric having such characteristics, when it is stretched on a structure such as a house, even if the low-elasticity ground weave structure on the inner side is strongly taut, the lattice-shaped square mesh holes hardly collapse and become uniform mesh holes as a whole.

[0049] On the other hand, when the outer ground weave structure is stretched horizontally along the arc-shaped frame of the structure, when the outer ground weave structure stretches, the shared adjacent sides are difficult to deform, and since all the bevel angles can be changed and it can stretch well, it can be stretched without variation in the apertures depending on the location and becomes uniform mesh holes as a whole.

[0050] Also, when the outer ground weave structure is stretched vertically along the arc-shaped frame of the structure, when following the arc of the frame, the outer ground weave structure stretches vertically and slightly contracts horizontally, but by stretching the hexagonal and square mesh holes horizontally in advance, the deformation only returns to its original state and becomes uniform mesh holes as a whole.

[0051] As described above, in the three-dimensional structure net of the present invention, by configuring the front and back ground weave structures into a honeycomb-diamond structure, it becomes possible to maintain the mesh holes of the ground weave structure and maintain the lighting (shading) and ventilation functions from the mesh holes. Further, by adopting a honeycomb-diamond structure for the three-dimensional structure net of the present invention, even when the net is stretched on the framework of a structure such as a house, uneven stretching can be prevented, so that the lighting (shading) and ventilation effects through the mesh holes can be evenly exerted as a whole.

[0052] (Effect due to adopting an oblique inclination connection structure for the connecting threads) Regarding the connecting threads, by adopting an oblique inclination connection structure for the connecting threads, not only can an air layer be held between the front and back ground weave structures by the densely arranged connecting threads to exhibit heat retention performance, but also the connecting threads can block light. Also, even when pressure is received from the outside in the thickness direction, the connecting threads bend and rebound, making it difficult for the interval between the front and back ground weave structures to collapse, and excellent cushioning functions are exhibited.

[0053] (Effect by the arrangement configuration of the connecting yarns connecting the front and back ground knitting structures: Cushioning property) Regarding the cushioning property in detail, since there is a part where the connecting yarns are arranged vertically, the vertical connecting yarns support the vertical load like columns, so that the entire double-knit fabric is difficult to be crushed and can have strength. Also, since there is a part where the connecting yarns are arranged obliquely, the connecting yarns bend and rebound to restore the thickness of the double-knit fabric and stabilize the form.

[0054] Here, when a part of the outer ground knitting structure receives an oblique load due to an impact by a flying object or a deposit such as snow accumulation, since the outer ground knitting structure is difficult to deform in the oblique direction, the connecting yarns are difficult to be pulled, and it does not fall and lose the cushioning property.

[0055] (Effect by the arrangement configuration of the connecting yarns connecting the front and back ground knitting structures: Heat retention property) Since the connecting yarns have the cushioning function of maintaining the interval between the front and back ground knitting structures in this way, the three-dimensional structure net of the present invention exhibits the function of holding the air layer in the space portion partitioned by the connecting yarns arranged along each side of the mesh holes of the double-knit fabric. By such an air layer holding function, the three-dimensional structure net of the present invention exhibits the heat retention function of blocking the direct influence of the outside air temperature and maintaining the internal temperature.

[0056] (Effect by the configuration of one-sided low stretchability) Regarding the stretchability of the ground knitting structure, by making the stretchability of one ground knitting structure lower than that of the other ground knitting structure, when stretching the ground knitting structure with lower stretchability inside and stretching it tightly along the frame of the roof of a structure such as a house, it can be stretched without loosening.

[0057] Here, by using the ground knitting structure with low stretchability as a marquisette knitted fabric, in the production of the three-dimensional structure net, one side can be made to have low stretchability at low cost without adding special processing.

[0058] In addition, by configuring the low-stretch ground weave structure so that the heat-sealing yarn can be heat-sealed by heat setting, regardless of the type of weave structure, it is possible to utilize the characteristics of any structure and perform weaving.

[0059] Furthermore, by coating the yarn material constituting the other ground weave structure with resin through post-processing, it becomes possible to handle a small set of low-stretch ground weave structures.

[0060] (Effect by using in a structure in combination with an airtight sheet material) On the other hand, by overlapping and using a double-woven fabric with an airtight sheet material sandwiched between, the double-woven fabric can have an arbitrary thickness, and an air layer of sufficient thickness can be formed by the air existing in the gaps between the yarns of the double-woven fabric. If a one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net having such a configuration sandwiched between airtight sheet materials is used as a structure, it has a high heat insulation effect, and even if there are deposits such as flying objects or snow accumulation due to its high strength, it will not be easily damaged.

[0061] Also, in a structure where the airtight sheet material is overlapped and stretched only on the outside of the one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net, the air outside the structure is blocked by the airtight sheet material. On the other hand, the air existing in the space portion partitioned by the connecting yarns along each side of the mesh holes of the double-woven fabric behaves like an independent air pocket and does not easily mix with the air inside the structure to the extent of convection.

[0062] Therefore, when the airtight sheet is overlapped and stretched only on the outside of the double-woven fabric, the air in the space portion has a heat insulation effect, and by peeling off the outside airtight sheet as needed, air permeability can be ensured, so that it can be made into a structure that can immediately respond to various environments.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0063]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0064] Examples of the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 1 to 6. Note that the present invention is not limited to the aspects shown in these drawings.

[0065] 'Example 1' First, the basic structure of the three-dimensional structure net of this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the front and back string-shaped ground knitting structures 1 and 2 are arranged in parallel in the thickness direction, and these are connected by connecting threads 3 to form a double-knit fabric that is connected in a band shape to form the three-dimensional structure net N. This three-dimensional structure net N can be knitted by a double raschel machine, but the other ground knitting structure 2 on the back side is configured to have lower stretchability than the one ground knitting structure 1 on the front side.

[0066] Here, the one ground knitting structure 1 on the front side will be described. As shown in FIG. 2 in which only the one ground knitting structure 1 is extracted, the one ground knitting structure 1 of this embodiment has hexagonal mesh holes H·H… and rectangular mesh holes S·S…. The hexagonal mesh holes H·H… have shared adjacent sides 11·11… that share adjacent sides, and form columns arranged in a direction (horizontal direction) perpendicular to the shared adjacent sides 11·11…. Also, the rectangular mesh holes S·S… have shared adjacent vertices 12·12… that share adjacent vertices, and form columns arranged in the same direction (horizontal direction) as the columns of the hexagonal mesh holes H·H….

[0067] And, the sides other than the shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the sides in the rectangular mesh holes S·S… are used as common hypotenuses 13·13…, and the columns of the hexagonal mesh holes H·H… and the columns of the rectangular mesh holes S·S… are alternately arranged in a direction (vertical direction) perpendicular to the columns.

[0068] The shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the hypotenuses 13·13… are composed of chain stitches C·C… knitted by knitting loops. In this embodiment, monofilament yarn is used as the yarn material for the chain stitches C·C…. As this monofilament yarn, materials such as nylon, polyester, polyurethane, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber can be appropriately selected in consideration of strength, tension, elasticity, etc., or elastic yarn such as rubber can be partially used. In some cases, it is also possible to insert elastic yarn between the loosely knitted chain stitches C·C… for configuration. Also, as the material of this yarn, spun yarn can be used as needed, or a plurality of yarn materials can be aligned and used.

[0069] In addition, as the thread material, a material that generates heat by energization such as metal fiber can be used, or a colored thread material that absorbs visible light in a predetermined wavelength range can also be used. By using a material that generates heat by energization such as metal fiber, the room temperature in the greenhouse can be controlled. Also, by using a thread material that absorbs visible light in a predetermined wavelength range, light in a wavelength range favorable for plant growth and the like within solar light (natural light) can be irradiated into the greenhouse.

[0070] Furthermore, multifilament yarn can also be used as the thread material, and it is desirable to use a thread material with a thickness of 10 to 30,000 denier, more preferably 100 to 12,000 denier. Also, a metal wire with excellent electrical conductivity can be used together with other thread materials.

[0071] Such chain stitches C·C… made of such a thread material form rows at every other stitch in the vertical direction. At the shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the shared adjacent points 12·12…, they form rows of four stitches. That is, the shared adjacent sides 11·11… are rather thick sides where the rows of the chain stitches C·C… are linearly arranged horizontally to connect the loops, with high rigidity so that the joints do not loosen.

[0072] The hypotenuse sides 13·13… also serve as the sides of the hexagonal mesh holes H·H… and the square mesh holes S·S…, and the chain stitches C·C… of the rows of two stitches are arranged at a predetermined angle with respect to both the vertical and horizontal directions. That is, the shared adjacent points 12·12… are where the rows of the chain stitches C·C… are linearly arranged horizontally with very few stitches to connect the loops, and can be regarded as being substantially dot-shaped, with high rigidity so that the joints do not loosen.

[0073] In this embodiment, the hypotenuse sides 13·13… are knitted in a state of being inclined by 45 degrees each, and the square mesh holes S·S… form a rhombus with a square inclined by 45 degrees. Therefore, the hexagonal mesh holes H·H… are not regular hexagons, and the shared adjacent sides 11·11… are longer than the hypotenuse sides 13·13…. Note that the square mesh holes S·S… are not limited to squares and can be various square mesh holes as required.

[0074] One of the ground knitting structures 1 having the mesh holes as described above is configured by arranging in parallel a row of hexagonal mesh holes H·H… and a row of square mesh holes S·S… alternately. As a result, it has a shape that can expand and contract flexibly in the vertical and horizontal directions, and is difficult to expand and contract in the diagonal direction. However, even when stretched, the mesh holes are uniform throughout the ground knitting structure.

[0075] As shown in Fig. 3, when pulled in the horizontal direction, with the intersections 14·14… of the shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the hypotenuses 13·13… as the fulcrums, the hypotenuses 13·13… change their angles in a direction approaching perpendicular to the shared adjacent sides 11·11…. Also, with the shared adjacent points 12·12… as the fulcrums, the hypotenuses 13·13… change their angles in a direction approaching parallel to each other. By changing the angles of the hypotenuses 13·13… like a bellows in this way, the square mesh holes S·S… act like pleats. Due to such an action, as the square mesh holes S·S… shrink slightly in the vertical direction, the entire one ground knitting structure 1 extends evenly in the horizontal direction, and the mesh holes become uniform throughout the ground knitting structure.

[0076] Also, when pulled in the vertical direction, it will extend in the vertical direction due to the reverse action compared to when pulled in the horizontal direction. Here, when pulled in the vertical direction, since the shared adjacent sides 11·11… are parallel to the vertical direction, they resist the pulling load and do not tilt or bend. However, since the hypotenuses 13·13… are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the vertical direction, when receiving the pulling load, with the intersections 14·14… of the shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the hypotenuses 13·13… and the shared adjacent points 12·12… as the fulcrums, the angles between the hypotenuses 13·13… change in a direction to decrease. Due to this change in angle, as the ground knitting structure shrinks in the horizontal direction, the entire one ground knitting structure 1 extends in the vertical direction, and the mesh holes become uniform throughout the ground knitting structure.

[0077] Furthermore, when pulled in an oblique direction, as shown in Fig. 4(a), a pair of hypotenuses 13·13… that form the mesh holes become substantially parallel to the pulling direction, thus resisting the pulling load and not deforming. On the other hand, the shared adjacent sides 11·11… have an angle with respect to the pulling direction, and the other pair of hypotenuses 13·13… will curve and loosen.

[0078] Therefore, the shared adjacent sides 11·11… that were parallel to the vertical direction will be slightly inclined in the pulling direction, and the entire one ground knitting structure 1 will extend obliquely by the displacement amounts in the vertical and horizontal directions due to the inclination.

[0079] Here, if, as shown in Fig. 4(b), in the case of a conventional example where the entire ground knitting structure is a hexagonal honeycomb-shaped mesh hole, since all columns are hexagonal mesh holes H·H…, the shared adjacent sides 11·11… are included in all columns of the hexagonal mesh holes H·H…, and when pulled obliquely, the shared adjacent sides 11·11… will be inclined in all columns. Therefore, the displacement amount in the oblique direction becomes large, and the entire ground knitting structure will extend greatly in the oblique direction.

[0080] However, in this embodiment, by adopting a configuration in which columns of hexagonal mesh holes H·H… and columns of square mesh holes S·S… are arranged alternately, the shared adjacent sides 11·11… parallel to the vertical direction are included only in the columns of the hexagonal mesh holes H·H…, and the number of inclined sides is small. Therefore, the extension in the oblique direction of the entire one ground knitting structure 1 is small.

[0081] Next, regarding the other ground knitting structure 2 on the back side, as shown in Fig. 5 in which only the other ground knitting structure 2 is extracted, the other ground knitting structure 2 of this embodiment is composed of a so-called marquisette knitted fabric with square eyes. This other ground knitting structure 2 has lattice-shaped mesh holes L·L…, and is a square mesh hole knitted so that the vertical sides 21·21… and the horizontal sides 22·22… have the same length.

[0082] The vertical sides 21·21… are composed of single-row chain stitches C·C… knitted by incorporating loops. In this embodiment, as the yarn material used for the chain stitches C·C…, similar to one of the ground knitting structures 1, monofilament yarn is used. However, similar to the above, various other yarn materials can also be used, and yarn materials different from those of one of the ground knitting structures 1 can be used, or the same yarn material can be used.

[0083] Also, the horizontal sides 22·22… are composed of connecting stitches J·J… that connect between the chain stitches C·C…. They are knitted so as to span between the chain stitches C·C…, separated vertically by the length of the vertical sides 21·21…. In this embodiment, a plurality of yarns are spanned between adjacent chain stitches C·C… to form the horizontal sides 22·22…. However, it is also possible to span the chain stitches C·C… every other one and fold back the yarn for knitting. Also, the horizontal sides 22·22… can also be knitted by the chain stitches C·C….

[0084] Such the other ground knitting structure 2 having such mesh holes has linear lattice-shaped mesh holes L·L… in the vertical and horizontal directions, and thus has the characteristic that it hardly stretches or shrinks in the vertical and horizontal directions and the mesh holes can remain uniform.

[0085] Then, as shown in FIG. 6, when looking at the three-dimensional structure net N from above, the shared adjacent sides 11·11… in one of the ground knitting structures 1 and the vertical sides 21·21… in the other ground knitting structure 2 are arranged to overlap, and between the shared adjacent sides 11·11… in one of the ground knitting structures 1, three vertical sides 21·21… in the other ground knitting structure 2 are arranged at equal intervals as shown in FIG. 6. Also, between the shared adjacent points 12·12… in one of the ground knitting structures 1, six horizontal sides 22·22… in the other ground knitting structure 2 are arranged at equal intervals as shown in FIG. 6. In this arrangement state, the chain stitches C·C… between the front and back ground knitting structures 1·2 are connected by connecting yarns 3·3….

[0086] Regarding the thread material used for the connecting thread 3, in this embodiment, a monofilament thread is used, but a plurality of thread materials can also be aligned and used. Also, regarding the material of the monofilament thread, materials such as nylon, polyester, polyurethane, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, etc. can be appropriately selected in consideration of strength, tension, elasticity, etc., or elastic threads such as rubber can be used. Further, by changing the length of the connecting thread 3 between the front and back ground knitting structures 1 and 2, the thickness of the three-dimensional structure net N can be appropriately changed.

[0087] Also, regarding the thread material of the connecting thread 3, a thread material different from the front and back ground knitting structures 1 and 2 can be used. Also, for the thread material of the connecting thread 3, multifilament threads or natural spun threads can be used, and a thread material with a thickness of 10 to 30,000 denier, preferably 100 to 12,000 denier, and thicker than the thread material of the ground knitting structures 1 and 2 can be preferably used.

[0088] By connecting the ground knitting structures 1 and 2 in the above arrangement using the connecting thread 3 made of such a thread material, as shown in FIG. 6, when the three-dimensional structure net N is viewed from above, the overlapping portions (portions a and a') of the hypotenuses 13, 13... of one ground knitting structure 1 and the vertical sides 21, 21... of the other ground knitting structure 2 will have the connecting thread 3 arranged substantially vertically.

[0089] Also, between the hypotenuses 13, 13... of one ground knitting structure 1 (portions that do not overlap with the vertical sides 21, 21... of the other ground knitting structure 2) and the vertical sides 21, 21... of the other ground knitting structure 2 (portions b and d), the connecting thread 3 will be arranged obliquely.

[0090] Furthermore, between the shared adjacent sides 11, 11... of one ground knitting structure 1 and the vertical sides 21, 21... of the other ground knitting structure 2, the connecting thread 3 is arranged obliquely, and the inclination is the maximum.

[0091] In FIG. 7, the inclination of the connecting yarns of the portions shown in a to d and a' of FIG. 6 is shown corresponding to (a) to (d) and (a') of FIG. 7. Here, in FIG. 7, for the sake of convenience in explaining the state of the inclination of the connecting yarn 3, it is shown as straight, but actually it is slightly curved and has an appropriate slack. As a result, the front and back ground knitting structures 1 and 2 can move flexibly in the shearing direction, and when receiving an impact in the shearing direction from the outside, the curved connecting yarn 3 stretches and acts like a spring, improving the cushioning property.

[0092] Regarding the inclination of the connecting yarn in detail, as shown in FIG. 7, at the position of a, as described above, between the hypotenuse 13·13... of one ground knitting structure 1 and the vertical sides 21·21... of the other ground knitting structure 2, the connecting yarn 3 is arranged substantially vertically, and the connecting yarn 3 is knitted and connected to the chain stitch C of the hypotenuse 13·13... and the chain stitch C of the vertical side 21.

[0093] At the position of b, since the hypotenuse 13 of one ground knitting structure 1 is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction, it is an intermediate portion that gradually separates from the vertical side 21 of the other ground knitting structure 2. Therefore, by knitting and connecting the connecting yarn 3 to the chain stitch C of the hypotenuse 13 and the chain stitch C of the vertical side 21, the connecting yarn 3 is connected with a slight inclination with respect to the thickness direction.

[0094] The position of c is the position where the distance of separation of the hypotenuse 13 of one ground knitting structure 1 from the vertical side 21 of the other ground knitting structure 2 is the largest, and it is the position of the shared adjacent side 11 in one ground knitting structure 1. Therefore, by knitting and connecting the connecting yarn 3 to the shared adjacent side 11 and the vertical side 21, the connecting yarn 3 is connected with a large inclination with respect to the thickness direction, and the inclination angle is the largest.

[0095] And the position of d is the position facing the position of b with reference to the center of the shared adjacent sides 11·11... of one ground knitting structure 1, and the connecting yarn 3 is inclined to the same extent as the inclination at the position of b. Also, in the connecting yarn 3 at the position a' facing the position of a, it has the same inclination as a.

[0096] In this way, the connecting yarn 3 is arranged such that the inclination of the connecting yarn 3 gradually increases from the position a where it is arranged substantially vertically to b and c, and then gradually decreases through the positions c and d, and becomes substantially vertical again at the position a'. By arranging these continuously in the horizontal direction, the vertically arranged portions and the inclined arranged portions of the connecting yarn 3 are arranged in a well-balanced manner throughout the double-knit fabric.

[0097] In this embodiment, since the connecting yarn 3 has a portion arranged vertically, the vertical connecting yarns 3·3… support the vertical load like columns, so that the entire double-knit fabric is not easily crushed and can be given strength. When this vertical connecting yarn 3·3… bends under the load, it will lose its repulsive force like a buckling phenomenon. However, since the connecting yarn 3 has an obliquely arranged portion, even if the vertical connecting yarns 3·3… are crushed, or even if they are not crushed, the vertical connecting yarns 3·3… and the inclined connecting yarns 3·3… cooperate to restore the thickness of the double-knit fabric and stabilize the form by the action like a wire spring.

[0098] Also, the impact from the outside may apply a load not only in the vertical direction but also in the oblique direction. In this case, it would easily fall with only the vertical connecting yarn 3, but by having the inclined connecting yarns 3·3…, it is possible to prevent the double-knit fabric from being crushed like a cushion by repelling the oblique load like a spring.

[0099] Furthermore, since the connecting yarns 3·3… have an inclination angle that gradually changes from the maximum inclination in the vertical direction, they can flexibly receive loads from all directions and are arranged in a well-balanced manner throughout the double-knit fabric. Therefore, no matter where the load acts, it can exhibit cushioning properties and the strength is also uniform.

[0100] In addition, since one of the ground knitting structures 1 is difficult to deform in the diagonal direction, even when a shearing force in the diagonal direction acts on the double-knit fabric, the one ground knitting structure 1 is difficult to deform in the diagonal direction with respect to the other ground knitting structure 2. As a result, local tensile stress is less likely to occur in the one ground knitting structure 1 or the connecting yarns 3, and the strength of the entire double-knit fabric is improved.

[0101] Furthermore, since the connecting yarns 3·3… are densely arranged, it is difficult for air to pass between the connecting yarns 3·3…. By having the connecting yarns 3·3… standing along each side of the mesh holes, it can be regarded as a portion partitioned into a predetermined size. The partitioned portion forms an air layer. In particular, since the inclined connecting yarns 3·3… are apertured so as to narrow toward the outside air, a space is formed between the skin or the underwear.

[0102] In this way, by having a portion where the connecting yarns 3·3… are densely arranged and a portion where the inclined portions are continuously arranged so that the inclination gradually increases and decreases, an air layer can be formed, and an excellent heat retention effect can be exhibited.

[0103] As described above, the three-dimensional structure net N in the present embodiment can be stretched tightly without loosening when stretched on an object such as a structure because the other ground knitting structure 2 of the double-knit fabric has low stretchability. Further, when it is curved and stretched, since the one ground knitting structure 1 on the outside has a predetermined mesh hole and stretches flexibly, the mesh holes can be made uniform without being partially loosened or excessively stretched.

[0104] In addition, by having a portion where the connecting yarns 3·3… are arranged vertically and a portion inclined at a predetermined angle, the three-dimensional structure net N has strength throughout the double-knit fabric and has high cushioning properties.

[0105] 'Example 2' Example 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. In this example, as shown in FIG. 8, it is different from Example 1 in that the same ground knitting structure as one of the front-side ground knitting structures 1 is used for the other ground knitting structure 2 on the back side. Also, it is different in that a heat-sealing yarn is used as the yarn material for the other ground knitting structure 2.

[0106] As shown in FIG. 8, one of the ground knitting structures 1 in this example is a ground knitting structure having the same mesh holes for one of the ground knitting structures 1 and the other ground knitting structure 2. When looking at the ground knitting structure from above, the hexagonal mesh holes H in one of the ground knitting structures on the front side and the square mesh holes S in the other ground knitting structure 2 on the back side are positioned to face each other. Also, the shared adjacent points 12 of the other ground knitting structure 2 are arranged at positions where they appear to overlap the central portions of the shared adjacent sides 11 of one of the ground knitting structures 1.

[0107] By arranging in this way, as shown in FIG. 8, between the central portions of the shared adjacent sides 11·11… of one of the ground knitting structures 1 and the shared adjacent points 12·12… of the other ground knitting structure 2, the connecting yarns 3 will be arranged substantially vertically. Also, between the shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the hypotenuses 13·13… of one of the ground knitting structures 1 and the hypotenuses 13·13… and the shared adjacent sides 11·11… of the other ground knitting structure 2, the connecting yarns 3 will be arranged obliquely. In particular, the inclination of the connecting yarns connecting the central portions of the hypotenuses 13·13… is the largest.

[0108] In FIG. 9, the inclinations of the connecting yarns at the portions shown in a~d, a’ of FIG. 8 are shown corresponding to (a)~(d), (a’) of FIG. 9. Here, as in FIG. 7, for the sake of convenience in explaining the state of the inclination of the connecting yarn 3 in FIG. 8, it is shown as straight.

[0109] Regarding the inclination of the connecting yarns in detail, as shown in FIG. 9, at the position of a, between the central portions of the shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the shared adjacent points 12·12… as described above, the connecting yarn 3 is arranged substantially vertically, and the connecting yarn 3 is knitted and connected to the chain stitches C of the shared adjacent sides 11·11… and the chain stitches C of the shared adjacent points 12·12….

[0110] At the position of b, since the hypotenuse 13 is inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction, it is an intermediate part that gradually separates from the shared adjacent side 11 parallel to the vertical direction. Therefore, by knitting and connecting the connecting yarn 3 to the chain stitch C of the hypotenuse 13 and the chain stitch C of the shared adjacent side 11, the connecting yarn 3 will be connected with a slight inclination with respect to the thickness direction.

[0111] The position of c is the position where the hypotenuses 13 of the front and back ground knitting structures 1 and 2 are separated at the maximum distance in parallel. By knitting and connecting the connecting yarn 3 to the chain stitches C and C between the hypotenuses 13 and 13, the connecting yarn 3 will be connected with a large inclination with respect to the thickness direction, and the inclination angle will be the maximum.

[0112] And the position of d is the position opposite to the position of b with reference to the position of c, and the connecting yarn 3 will be in a state inclined to the same extent as the inclination at the position of b. Also, in the connecting yarn 3 at the position a' opposite to the position of a, it has the same inclination as a.

[0113] In this way, starting from the position of a where the connecting yarn 3 is arranged substantially vertically, the inclination of the connecting yarn 3 gradually increases as it gradually adjoins b and c, and then gradually decreases after passing through the positions of c and d, and becomes substantially vertical again at the position of a'. By arranging these continuously in the horizontal direction, the vertically arranged parts and the inclined arranged parts of the connecting yarn 3 are arranged in a well-balanced manner throughout the double-knit fabric.

[0114] Here, a part of the yarn material of the other ground knitting structure 2 uses a heat-sealing yarn. In this embodiment, a heat-sealing yarn made of polyester fiber is used, but as long as it can be heat-sealed by heat-setting processing, a heat-sealing yarn made of other materials such as polyamide fiber may be used. In this embodiment, the heat-sealing yarn is used for a part of the yarn material of the other ground knitting structure 2, but all of the yarn material of the other ground knitting structure 2 may be made of heat-sealing yarn.

[0115] The three-dimensional structure net N of this embodiment knitted with such a thread material is heat-set after knitting, so that the chain stitches C·C… of the other ground knitting structure 2 are fused and integrated. At this time, the connecting threads 3·3… and the chain stitches C·C… of the other ground knitting structure 2 may also be integrated at the joined portions.

[0116] By heat-setting, the other ground knitting structure 2 becomes sheet-like and fused and integrated, and it becomes difficult to stretch in any direction. As a result, not only can the same effects as in Example 1 be achieved, but also the knitting structure used for the other ground knitting structure 2 can be arbitrarily selected, so that there is an effect that the selection range is widened in terms of the aperture ratio and the like.

[0117] 'Example 3' Next, Example 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10. The structure K of this embodiment is configured to be stretched on an agricultural greenhouse or the like using the three-dimensional structure net N in Example 1 or Example 2. An airtight sheet A made of resin in a thin sheet shape with no air permeability or low air permeability is laid on the outside of the three-dimensional structure net N.

[0118] As shown in FIG. 10, in the structure K of this embodiment, a plurality of arch pipe-shaped frames F are arranged side by side in the depth direction, and both ends of the airtight sheet material A and the three-dimensional structure net N are fixed to the ground G with sheet pressers P. When the structure K is a large vinyl greenhouse, the frames F are connected with main house pipes made of straight pipes, and struts and horizontal beams made of straight pipes are assembled inside the arch pipes installed at both ends to construct a structure of a small house size (not shown). When the structure K is other buildings, steel frames or the like can also be used for the frames F.

[0119] Next, regarding the airtight sheet material A, although a polyolefin-based film for agriculture is used, any synthetic resin sheet having airtightness may be used. For example, a polyvinyl chloride film, a fluororesin film, a canvas impregnated with resin, etc. can also be used as the airtight sheet material. Also, a flexible resin film can be preferably used as the airtight sheet material, but a thin hard plastic sheet can also be used.

[0120] Also, regarding the airtight sheet material A, a white translucent film that allows light to pass through is used, but the transparency and color can also be changed in consideration of the light transmittance in the entire wavelength range or a specific wavelength range. Further, regarding the airtight sheet material A, a cloth or non-woven fabric subjected to non-breathable processing can also be used.

[0121] In the construction of the structure K of this embodiment, first, after assembling the frame F that forms the framework of the structure K, a three-dimensional structure net N is stretched on this frame F so that the other ground knitting structure 2 with low stretchability is on the inside. At this time, since the other ground knitting structure 2 on the inside has low stretchability and strength, it can be stretched strongly without loosening. Also, although the one ground knitting structure 1 on the outside needs to be stretched in a large arc by the thickness of the double-knit fabric, since it is a ground knitting structure having mesh holes in which the rows of the hexagonal mesh holes H·H… and the square mesh holes S·S… are alternately arranged, it can stretch flexibly and is easy to stretch, and the mesh holes can be evenly stretched throughout the ground knitting structure.

[0122] Then, after stretching the three-dimensional structure net N, the airtight sheet material A is overlaid and stretched on the three-dimensional structure net N. Regarding both ends of the three-dimensional structure net N and the airtight sheet material A, with a sufficient width along the ground, both are penetrated by the sheet retainer P and fixed to the ground G. Note that regarding the fixing of both ends, in this embodiment, the sheet retainer P is used for fixing, but both ends of the airtight sheet material A and the three-dimensional structure net N can also be wound around a rod and fixed (not shown).

[0123] The structure K of this embodiment configured in this way blocks the outside air of the structure K by laying the airtight sheet material A only on the outside of the three-dimensional structure net N. On the other hand, although the air existing in the space portion partitioned by the connecting threads 3·3… along each side of the mesh holes of the double-woven fabric is not completely blocked by the gaps between the connecting threads 3·3…, it has a ventilation resistance such that it does not easily mix with the air inside the structure K to the extent of convection. Therefore, it behaves like an independent air pocket and has a heat insulation effect.

[0124] On the other hand, when the temperature and humidity inside the structure K become too high, if only the airtight sheet material A laid on the three-dimensional structure net N is removed, ventilation can be easily achieved inside the structure K through the mesh holes of the warp and weft knitted fabrics 1·2 on the front and back, and the airtight sheet material A can be partially removed as needed.

[0125] As described above, in the structure K of this embodiment, it is easy to install, the structure K can be heat-insulated and keep warm, and can be easily ventilated as needed. Even in that case, the effects of insect prevention, lighting, and shading are uniform throughout the structure K and do not vary depending on the location. Also, due to the three-dimensional structure net N having high strength and good cushioning properties, the environment inside the structure K can be maintained without damage even in the case of strong winds or snow accumulation.

[0126] 'Example 4' The structure of the present invention is not limited to the form of the above embodiment. As shown in FIG. 11, in the structure K, first, the first airtight sheet material A is laid on the frame body F. 1 Then, the three-dimensional structure net N is laid with the other warp and weft knitted fabric 2 facing downwards, and further, the second airtight sheet material A is laid on it. 2 It can be configured in this way.

[0127] In this case, the three-dimensional structure net N is sandwiched as a spacer by the two airtight sheet materials A 1 ·A 2 and the airtight sheet materials A 1 ·A 2An air layer with an arbitrary thickness corresponding to the thickness of the three-dimensional structure net N can be created in the middle. As a result, a structure K with a higher heat insulation effect can be obtained.

[0128] 'Example 5' Also, as another use of the structure of this example, as shown in Fig. 12, a vegetation net structure W in which a three-dimensional structure net N is fixed to a concrete U-shaped block U by well-known means can be obtained.

[0129] This vegetation net structure W can be installed, for example, in rivers, lakes, and seas, so that phytoplankton such as algae and seaweeds floating in the water, larvae such as shellfish and crustaceans, and zooplankton can settle, and the growth and reproduction of these marine animals and plants can be promoted. In addition, due to the growth and reproduction of such algae and seaweeds, it is expected to become an environment where small marine organisms such as small fish live, using it as a hiding place.

[0130] The vegetation net structure W of this example is arranged with the other ground knitting structure 2 of the three-dimensional structure net N on the bottom surface side, and the three-dimensional structure net N and the bottom surface are fixed by a predetermined adhesive to form the vegetation net structure W. As this adhesive, the same adhesive as that used for water stoppage when connecting the U-shaped blocks U to each other can be preferably used.

[0131] By sinking this vegetation net structure W, for example, in a river or a water channel, stones can be previously retained in the space formed by the hexagonal mesh holes H·H… and the square mesh holes S·S… of the three-dimensional structure net N and the connecting threads 3·3…, or the flowing stones can be caught and retained by the three-dimensional structure net N. At the same time, because the connecting threads 3·3… are densely arranged, the fine sand and mud filling the space between the stones are less likely to flow out. Therefore, the sand and mud blocked by the three-dimensional structure net N are used as soil, and the aquatic plants can firmly root, promoting the growth of the aquatic plants and exerting an effect on the restoration and conservation of the environment.

[0132] In addition, by having the portions where the connecting threads 3·3... are connected obliquely and the portions where the connecting threads 3·3... are connected vertically, high cushioning properties can be obtained, and the space can be maintained without being crushed even when a relatively heavy stone or the like is placed on it.

[0133] In this embodiment, a three-dimensional structure net N with one side having low stretchability is adopted. However, instead of making one side have low stretchability, a three-dimensional structure net N that is not heat-set can also be adopted in a configuration where mesh holes of a honeycomb-diamond structure similar to that of Example 2 are arranged opposite to each other. Also, as the thread material used for the ground weave structures 1·2, it is preferable to adopt a material that has been subjected to raising processing in terms of the establishment of plant roots and microorganisms.

[0134] Further, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional structure net N is fixed to the U-shaped block U by adhesion. However, the fixing of the three-dimensional structure net N to the U-shaped block U is not limited to this, and it can be fixed by various general means such as bolts. When manufacturing the U-shaped block U, the three-dimensional structure net N may be embedded in advance for configuration. In the case of direct embedding, even when receiving a strong water flow due to floods or waves, the three-dimensional structure net N is less likely to be washed away.

[0135] Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure net N may be arranged on the side surface instead of the bottom surface of the U-shaped block U, and the object to be fixed is not limited to the U-shaped block U, and it may be directly fixed to a concrete plate, the bottom surface of a river, a water channel, or the sea. Also, it is not limited to being in water such as a river, and it can also be placed and fixed on a slope or the ground surface on land.

[0136] Regarding the use of the three-dimensional structure net of the present invention and the structure using the same, in addition to newly constructing a sheet-covered structure or using it for a net structure for vegetation, by utilizing the various functions of the honeycomb-diamond structure, it can also be applied to the following various uses.

[0137] That is, it can be widely used as agricultural materials such as horticultural houses, tunnel houses, bird control nets, vermin control nets, windbreak and sand control nets, fall prevention nets, light-shielding nets, etc., drainage nets and water absorption nets for residential land, grounds, reclaimed land, etc., or civil engineering materials such as slope protection nets, seed spraying nets, sandbags, mortars, and base materials for resin materials.

[0138] In addition, there are also various clothing and apparel materials (thermal insulation clothing, hats, leg warmers, sweatbands, shawls, stoles, spacers, etc.), medical materials such as medical bandages and medical hot warmers, cushion applications such as helmets, shoe insoles, chairs and benches, carpets and bed mats and their core materials and cushion materials for underlay, various filters such as filters for garbage collection or air purification and germ purification filters, air conditioner filters and water purification filters, bedding such as the batting and spacers of futons and mats, core materials, comforters, pillows, cushions, blankets, etc., household items such as laundry nets, interior curtains, window thermal covers, handicrafts, vehicle materials such as vehicle seats and asphalt transport truck covers, and other covers for heat storage devices, aquarium covers, nori nets and bio-based fabrics, agricultural, forestry and fishery nets, drainage for water drainage and ventilation, glass wool insulation, thermal insulation transport boxes, base fabrics for sound insulation materials, base fabrics for non-woven fabrics, base fabrics for synthetic resin composite materials, buffer sheet materials for packaging, etc., and can be widely used in various industrial fields.

Explanation of Symbols

[0139] 1 One-sided ground weave structure (front side) 11 Shared adjacent side 12 Shared adjacent point 13 Hypotenuse 14 Intersection point 2 The other side ground weave structure (back side) 21 Vertical side 22 Horizontal side 23 Lattice node 3 Connecting thread A Airtight sheet material A 1 First airtight sheet material A 2 Second airtight sheet material C chain stitch F frame G ground H hexagonal mesh hole J connecting stitch K structure N one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net P sheet presser S square mesh hole U U-shaped block W vegetation net structure

Claims

1. A three-dimensional net having a double knitted fabric in which the front and back ground knitted structures are arranged parallel to each other in the thickness direction and these ground knitted structures are connected in a belt shape with a connecting yarn, At least one of the ground knit structures has a row of hexagonal mesh holes that share adjacent sides and are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sides; A row of rectangular mesh holes sharing adjacent vertices and arranged in the same direction as the row of hexagonal mesh holes, The sides other than the adjacent sides of the hexagonal mesh holes and the sides of the quadrangular mesh holes are arranged alternately in parallel as common sides, the other ground knitted structure has lower elasticity in the longitudinal direction of adjacent sides of the hexagonal mesh holes and in the direction perpendicular thereto, than the one ground knitted structure; The other ground knitted structure is formed by or includes a heat fusion yarn, and the heat fusion yarns are fixed to each other and / or to a yarn material or a connecting yarn of the ground knitted structure by heat fusion, The connecting yarn is configured so that, when one of the ground knit structures is viewed from above, the connecting yarn connects the upper and lower ground knit structures so that the edges of the upper and lower ground knit structures or the edges and vertices of the upper and lower ground knit structures overlap approximately perpendicularly in areas where the edges appear to overlap, and so that the edges of the upper and lower ground knit structures or the edges and vertices of the upper and lower ground knit structures overlap diagonally in other areas.

2. The one-sided low-stretch three-dimensional net described in claim 1, characterized in that the other ground knitted structure is a marquisette knitted structure having lattice-shaped mesh holes aligned along the direction of the row of mesh holes of the one ground knitted structure and a direction perpendicular thereto.

3. The one ground knitted structure and the other ground knitted structure are made of the same knitted structure, The one-sided low-elasticity three-dimensional net described in claim 2 is characterized in that one ground knit structure and the other ground knit structure are configured so that one hexagonal mesh hole and the other rectangular mesh hole are arranged in opposing positions.

4. A structure comprising a frame body which forms the framework of the structure, a single-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net according to any one of claims 1 to 3 which is stretched over the frame body with the other ground knitted structure facing down, and an airtight sheet material which is layered and stretched over the single-sided low-stretch three-dimensional structure net.

5. A structure comprising a frame body that forms the framework of the structure, a first airtight sheet material stretched over the frame body, a single-sided low-stretch three-dimensional net described in any one of claims 1 to 3 that is stretched over the first airtight sheet material as a spacer, and a second airtight sheet material that is stretched over the single-sided low-stretch three-dimensional net, wherein an air layer of any thickness corresponding to the thickness of the single-sided low-stretch three-dimensional net is created between the first airtight sheet material and the second airtight sheet material.

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