Train Abnormality Monitoring System

Abstract

To provide a train abnormality monitor system capable of grasping a wear degree of a holder, allowing a user to grasp timing of maintenance, inspection and replacement, allowing formation of a maintenance plan, achieving efficiency, and enhancing diagnosis accuracy.SOLUTION: A train abnormality monitor system monitors abnormality of a rolling bearing which holds an axle of a railway vehicle, and a rotation axis of a speed reducer or a motor. The train abnormality monitor system comprises: a measurement unit 16 which measures approach time when a distance between an outer ring or an inner ring of the rolling bearing of the railway vehicle and a holder 9 of the rolling bearing becomes a prescribed threshold or smaller, and outputs the same as an approach time ratio indicating a ratio of the approach time; and a diagnosis unit 19 for receiving information on the approach time ratio and determining that there is abnormality when the approach ratio exceeds the threshold. The approach time ratio is a ratio of the approach time with respect to measured total time, or a ratio of the approach time in one rotation time of relative rotation of the outer ring and inner ring of the rolling bearing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a train abnormality monitoring system. [Background technology]

[0002] Rolling bearings used in rotating machinery can develop damage at the contact points where the cage and rolling elements come into contact with each other through long-term continuous use. When this damage occurs, the cage begins to whirl, and if the damage progresses further, it can lead to a major failure of the bearing. To detect major failures before they occur, rotating machinery is regularly inspected for abnormalities in bearings and other rotating parts after a certain period of use. However, inspecting rotating parts for abnormalities takes a considerable amount of time, effort, and cost, which is problematic.

[0003] For this reason, in the past, multiple protrusions made of a material different from the bearing components were provided radially on the outer peripheral surface of the cage to detect vibrations caused by contact between the protrusions and the outer ring and to detect the presence or absence of the material of the protrusions in the lubricating oil, thereby diagnosing abnormalities (Patent Document 1).

[0004] It is also disclosed that a non-contact laser displacement meter is used to detect the amount of change in the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the cage and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring, and when the distance exceeds a preset threshold value, it is determined that the cage is abnormal (Patent Document 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2014-066311 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2014-066622 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Conventionally, the analysis of vibrations and wear debris requires time, and even when a non-contact displacement meter is used, there is a problem that accurate judgment cannot be made due to the presence of oil and the environment.

[0007] The present disclosure has been made to solve the problems described above, and aims to provide a train abnormality monitoring system that can grasp the degree of wear of the cage, determine the times for maintenance, inspection, and replacement, enable maintenance planning, and is efficient and has high diagnostic accuracy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The train abnormality monitoring system according to the present disclosure is a train abnormality monitoring system for monitoring abnormalities in rolling bearings that hold axles, reduction gears, or rotating shafts of electric motors of railway vehicles, and is configured to monitor an abnormality in an outer ring or an inner ring of the rolling bearing of the railway vehicle. The rollers are held between the outer and inner rings while maintaining a distance between adjacent rollers. a proximity time measuring unit that measures the proximity time during which the distance between the cage and the cage is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold value and outputs a proximity time ratio that indicates the ratio of the proximity time; Proximity Time The device is provided with a diagnostic unit that determines that an abnormality has occurred when the ratio exceeds a threshold value, and the proximity time ratio is the ratio of the proximity time to the total measured time, or the ratio of the proximity time to the time required for one relative rotation between the outer and inner rings of the rolling bearing. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to grasp the degree of wear of the retainer, to know the timing of maintenance, inspection, and replacement, to plan maintenance, to improve efficiency, and to increase diagnostic accuracy. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a rolling bearing according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis. [Diagram 2] 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cross section parallel to the rotation axis of a rolling bearing according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, and a configuration diagram of an abnormality detection device and an abnormality diagnosis device for the rolling bearing using this view. [Diagram 3]2 is an enlarged top view of the retainer of the rolling bearing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 4] 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a detection member in a cross section parallel to the rotation axis of the rolling bearing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] 1 is a configuration diagram of a rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 1 is a configuration diagram of a rolling bearing abnormality diagnostic device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a rolling bearing and an abnormality detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to a rotation axis showing a rolling bearing and another abnormality detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] 1 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to a rotation axis showing a rolling bearing and another abnormality detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a rolling bearing and an abnormality detection device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis. [Figure 11] 11 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the rotation axis showing a rolling bearing and another abnormality detection device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a train abnormality monitoring system according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of another train abnormality monitoring system according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of another train abnormality monitoring system according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of another train abnormality monitoring system according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and can be combined and modified as appropriate. The drawings are appropriately simplified to make the description easier to understand.

[0012] Embodiment 1 An abnormality detection device and an abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to Figs.

[0013] The abnormality detection device 100 for a rolling bearing 1 of this embodiment detects an abnormality in the rolling bearing 1, which includes an outer ring 4, an inner ring 7 (which can also be considered as a rotating ring) provided inside the outer ring 4 (which can also be considered as a fixed ring), a plurality of rolling elements 8 provided to be able to roll between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7, and a cage 9 that holds the plurality of rolling elements 8 while maintaining a distance between the rolling elements 8 and adjacent rolling elements. Here, the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 rotate relatively around the same rotation axis, and the plurality of rolling elements 8 revolve around the same rotation axis while rolling and rotating between an outer ring raceway surface 3 on the inner peripheral surface 2 side of the outer ring 4 and an inner ring raceway surface 6 on the outer peripheral surface 5 side of the inner ring 7.

[0014] The inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 that contacts the rolling elements 8 is the outer ring raceway surface 3, and the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 that contacts the rolling elements 8 is the inner ring raceway surface 6. Hereinafter, the same rotating shaft as above will be referred to as the rotating shaft, the axial direction of the rotating shaft will be referred to as the axial direction, the radial direction from the central axis of the rotating shaft will be referred to as the radial direction, and the direction of rotation when rotating around the rotating shaft will be referred to as the circumferential direction.

[0015] The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 comprises a detection member 15 provided electrically insulated on one first side and the other second side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing 1 along the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7, and a measurement unit 16 that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring the electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side. Here, the detection members on the first side and the second side may be configured to come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn. It can also be said that the detection member 15 is fitted into the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7.

[0016] FIG. 5 shows a configuration diagram of a rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 includes a detection member 15 and a measurement unit 16. The detection members on the first and second sides of the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn. When the electrically insulated first and second sides of the detection member 15 come into contact with the cage, they become electrically conductive, and the measurement unit 16, which measures the electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side, outputs the measured measurement information. The measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 changes before and after the detection member 15 comes into contact with the cage, so the side that receives the measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 reads the change and detects wear of the cage 9.

[0017] 6 shows a configuration diagram of a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200. The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200 comprises the above-mentioned rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and a diagnosis unit 19. The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200 comprises the diagnosis unit 19 that receives measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 of the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the received measurement information.

[0018] Referring to Fig. 1, a rotating part in which the outside and inside rotate relatively to each other will be described as an example of an application of rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200. In this example, the rolling bearing 1, which is the rotating part, is a cylindrical roller bearing 1. Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the rolling bearing 1 in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The cross-section is created on a plane passing through the centre of annular portion 10 on the axially outer side of cage 9. The same applies below.

[0019] Cylindrical roller bearing 1 comprises an outer ring 4, an inner ring 7, cylindrical rollers 8 which serve as rolling elements 8, and a cage 9 which holds the plurality of cylindrical rollers 8 so that they can roll freely. An outer ring raceway surface 3 is formed on an inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 of cylindrical roller bearing 1, and an inner ring raceway surface 6 is formed on an outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7. A plurality of cylindrical rollers 8 are arranged so that they can roll freely between the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6. The space between the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6 is internally lubricated with a lubricating oil such as grease.

[0020] With the above structure, the cylindrical roller bearing 1 has the outer ring 4 connected to one component and the inner ring 7 connected to the other component, and the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 become a bearing that can rotate relatively around the rotation axis. In Figs. 1, 2 and 4, the outer ring 4 side is fixed and the inner ring 7 side rotates. Alternatively, conversely, the inner ring 7 side may be fixed and the outer ring 4 side may rotate. This is not limiting, and they can also rotate relatively. An example in which the inner ring 7 side is fixed and serves as a fixed ring is shown in Fig. 7. In the example of Fig. 7, the outer ring 4 is a rotating ring and the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring.

[0021] The cage 9 has a pair of annular portions 10 that are annular about the rotation axis, and a plurality of column portions 11 (16 in the example of FIG. 1) that are provided at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction and axially connect the pair of annular portions 10. The cage 9 has a plurality of pocket portions 12 (16 in the example of FIG. 1) defined by the pair of annular portions 10 and the plurality of column portions 11, which each hold a cylindrical roller 8.

[0022] 3 shows an enlarged view of the cage 9 as viewed from the outer circumferential side to the inner circumferential side. Between the upper and lower annular portions 10 and the two adjacent column portions 11 is a pocket portion 12, and the rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) fit in this space. The rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) roll in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, with their radial movement being restricted relative to the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6. Furthermore, each rolling element 8 (cylindrical roller 8) is held by the cage 9 so that it does not come into contact with adjacent rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) in the circumferential direction.

[0023] The cage 9 rotates in the same circumferential direction as the rolling elements 8, and there is a margin between the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6 in the radial direction, and between the rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) in the circumferential direction, rather than being in constant contact. It is known that the cage 9 wears out as the rolling bearing 1 rotates. When wear occurs, the cage 9 moves significantly in the radial or circumferential direction from the beginning, and may collide with the rolling elements 8 and be damaged.

[0024] 1 and 2, the detection member 15 is two conductors insulated in the axial direction, both of which are provided on the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4. The detection member 15 may be formed as an integrated unit by connecting the two conductors with an insulating material, or the two conductors may be separate bodies.

[0025] For example, the detection member 15 can be configured separately for one side and the other side in the axial direction. In this case, the detection member 15 can be configured to have a shape that fits along the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 on each of the one side and the other side in the axial direction, and assembled by fitting into the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 from the outside in the axial direction to the center. The detection member 15 may also be configured in a foil or sheet shape and attached to the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4.

[0026] 7, the outer ring 4 is the rotating ring, and the inner ring 7 is the fixed ring. In this example, the detection member 15 is two conductors insulated in the axial direction, both of which are provided on the inner ring raceway surface 6 that corresponds to the outer periphery of the inner ring 7. As with the above, the detection member 15 may be formed as one unit by connecting the two conductors with an insulating material, or the two conductors may be separate and each may be in contact with the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7.

[0027] 7, the detection member 15 can also be configured separately for one side and the other side in the axial direction. In this case, the detection member 15 can be configured to have a shape that fits along the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 on each of the one side and the other side in the axial direction, and assembled by fitting onto the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 from the outside in the axial direction to the center. Also, the detection member 15 may be configured in a foil or sheet shape and attached to the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7.

[0028] When the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 is a conductor, the detection member 15 is electrically insulated from the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7. This can be achieved by attaching an insulating sheet to the connection surface of the detection member 15 with the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, or by applying an insulating material to the joint surface of the detection member 15 with the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 or the joint surface of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 with the detection member 15.

[0029] When the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, in addition to the detection member fitting portion 14 that fits along the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4, a detection member side portion 13 may be provided along the axially outer side surface of the outer ring 4. Also, when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, in addition to the detection member fitting portion 14 that fits along the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7, a detection member side portion 13 may be provided along the axially outer side surface of the inner ring 7. Providing the detection member 15 with not only the detection member fitting portion 14 but also the detection member side portion 13 makes it easier to attach and also increases the strength of the detection member 15.

[0030] The two axially insulated conductors of the detection member 15 may be provided around the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, or may be provided on a portion of the circumference. However, at the circumferential position where the detection member 15 is present, it is preferable that the conductors of the detection member 15 are present on both sides in the axial direction. This is so that when the cage 9 wears, the two conductors of the detection member 15 come into contact with the cage 9 at the same time. If there are two conductors in the axial direction, they will come into contact with the cage 9 at the same time, resulting in electrical continuity.

[0031] FIG. 8 shows an example in which the detection member 15 is provided all around the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4. When the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring and the inner ring 7 is a rotating ring, as shown in FIG. 8, a detection member 15 consisting of a detection member side portion 13 and a detection member fitting portion 14 is fitted along the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4, which is a fixed ring. Here, the detection member 15 is an annular part insulated on one side and the other side in the axial direction. The detection member 15 may be configured as a separate body divided into one side and the other side in the axial direction, and one side and the other side of the detection member 15 may be fitted from both sides of the side of the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 (outside in the axial direction) toward the axial direction (towards the center of the bearing in the axial direction).

[0032] FIG. 9 shows an example in which a detection member 15 is provided all around the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7. In the case where the outer ring 4 is a rotating ring and the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring, as shown in FIG. 9, a detection member 15 consisting of a detection member side portion 13 and a detection member fitting portion 14 is fitted along the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7, which is a fixed ring. Here, the detection member 15 is an annular part insulated on one side and the other side in the axial direction. The detection member 15 may be configured as a separate body divided into one side and the other side in the axial direction, and one side and the other side of the detection member 15 may be fitted from both sides of the side of the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7 (outside in the axial direction) toward the axial direction (towards the center of the bearing in the axial direction).

[0033] By providing the detection member 15 around the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 as shown in Figures 8 and 9, when the retainer 9 becomes worn, the two conductors of the detection member 15 come into contact with the retainer 9 simultaneously, regardless of the direction of rotation, so that wear can be reliably detected.

[0034] At least a part of the detection member 15 is disposed in a range from the position where the rolling element 8 is subjected to the greatest force around the center of rotation of the rolling bearing 1 to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the direction in which the rolling element 8 rotates. Alternatively, the detection member 15 is disposed in a range of 180 degrees or more and less than 360 degrees, assuming that the direction of the position where the rolling element 8 is subjected to the greatest force around the center of rotation of the rolling bearing 1 is 0 degrees. When the detection member 15 is disposed in a part of the circumferential direction of the outer ring 4, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is disposed in a range of ±90 degrees or more around 135 degrees when the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise, when the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise, when the inner ring 7 rotates clockwise, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is disposed in a range of ±90 degrees or more around 225 degrees when the inner ring 7 rotates clockwise. In either case, the detection member 15 is provided at an angle of 180° or more in the circumferential direction. In other words, when looking at the rotation angle in the rotational direction from a reference circumferential position, if the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is provided at a range of at least ±90° from 135°. Alternatively, if the inner ring 7 rotates clockwise, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is provided at a range of at least ±90° from 225°. More specifically, the range in which the detection member 15 is provided may be greater than the range of ±90° from the center and smaller than the range of ±135°, more preferably greater than the range of ±90° from the center and smaller than the range of ±100°.

[0035] Here, the reference position and the reference circumferential position are the reference circumferential positions at which the maximum load is applied to the rolling elements 8 around the rotation axis. Although the reference circumferential position strictly changes depending on acceleration and deceleration, it may be considered as the vertically downward circumferential position from the center of the rotation axis in a stationary state.

[0036] In addition, when the detection member 15 is provided at a part of the circumferential direction of the inner ring 7, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is provided at least in a range of ±90° from 315° when the outer ring 4 rotates counterclockwise when the rotation angle is seen from a reference circumferential position where the rolling element 8 is subjected to a maximum load around the rotation axis in the rotation direction of the outer ring 4 (the rolling element 8 in the absolute coordinate system) when the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring. Alternatively, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is provided in a range of ±90° from 45° when the outer ring 4 rotates clockwise. In either case, the detection member 15 is provided at a range of 180° or more in the circumferential direction. In other words, when the rotation angle is seen from a reference circumferential position in the rotation direction, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is provided in a range of ±90° from 315° when the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise. Alternatively, it is preferable that the detection member 15 is provided in a range of ±90° from 45° when the outer ring 4 rotates clockwise. More specifically, the range in which the detection members 15 are provided may be greater than the range of ±90° and smaller than the range of ±135° from the center, and more preferably greater than the range of ±90° and smaller than the range of ±100° from the center. Regardless of whether the detection members 15 are provided on the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, if rotation is possible in both directions, the detection members 15 can be provided around the entire circumferential direction.

[0037] The two conductors of the detection member 15 are provided with electric wires 17 that connect the conductors to the measurement unit 16. When the retainer 9 wears and the amount of radial movement during rotation increases, the electric characteristics between the two conductors change as the retainer 9 comes into contact with the two conductors and conducts electricity. The measurement unit 16 measures the change in the electric characteristics from the two electric wires 17, outputs information including this change, and transmits it to the outside of the anomaly detection device 100.

[0038] A transmission unit 18 that is connected to the measurement unit 16 and transmits information measured by the measurement unit 16 transmits the information to a diagnosis unit 19 that diagnoses the presence or absence of an abnormality. A rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200 that diagnoses rolling bearing abnormalities includes the abnormality detection device 100, the transmission unit 18 that transmits information about the electrical characteristics, and the diagnosis unit 19 that diagnoses rolling bearing abnormalities from the information about the electrical characteristics.

[0039] (Wobble caused by the force applied to the cage from the rolling elements) Next, the forces acting on the cage 9 during rotation of the rolling bearing (cylindrical roller bearing) 1 will be described. First, the rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8 receive a load from either the inner ring 7 or the outer ring 4, but mainly receive the load. Of the multiple rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8, the rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8 that receive this load are those that are in a load zone, which is a certain range in the direction of the load relative to the central axis of rotation. As the inner ring 7 and outer ring 4 rotate relative to each other, the rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8 rotate and move around the axis of rotation. Focusing on one rolling element (cylindrical roller) 8, the rolling element 8 enters the load zone from outside the load zone, passes through the load zone, and leaves the load zone.

[0040] When the rolling elements 8 pass through the loaded zone and escape, they accelerate due to the fact that slippage is suppressed by the load and due to the force in the release direction that occurs when the load changes from compression to unloading. As the rolling elements 8 accelerate, the cage 9 receives a force in the tangential direction of a circumference passing through the center of the radial width of the cage 9 at the position where the rolling elements 8 have escaped the loaded zone. The cage 9, which rotates together with the rolling elements 8, is intermittently subjected to the force in the tangential direction of the circumference at the position where the rolling elements have escaped the loaded zone.

[0041] The tangential force applied to the cage 9 causes the cage 9 to eccentrically revolve (whirl) at a position radially away from the rotation axis, rather than revolving around the rotation axis. For example, when the rotation direction of the rolling elements 8 and the cage 9 is counterclockwise, the cage 9 eccentrically revolves (whirls) at a position radially away from the rotation axis at a position of 135° when the rotation angle is viewed in the rotation direction from a reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling elements 8 around the rotation axis. Alternatively, when the rotation direction of the rolling elements 8 and the cage 9 is clockwise, the cage 9 eccentrically revolves (whirls) at a position radially away from the rotation axis at a position of 225° when the rotation angle is viewed in the rotation direction from a reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling elements 8 around the rotation axis.

[0042] Since the cage 9 is eccentric due to a force acting in the tangential direction of the circumference at the position out of the loaded zone, the direction of the eccentricity is the tangential direction of the circumference at the position out of the loaded zone.

[0043] (Effects of cage wear) Next, the influence of wear on the cage 9 caused by use of the rolling bearing 1 will be described. Due to contact between the cage 9 and the rolling elements (rollers) 8, the pocket side surface 12a of the cage 9, which is the surface of the pocket portion 12 that comes into contact with the rolling elements 8, is worn. When the pocket side surface 12a is worn, the column portion 11 becomes thinner and the circumferential width of the pocket portion 12 becomes wider. When the cage 9, which has become wider in the circumferential direction of the pocket portion 12 due to wear of the cage 9, receives a force in the tangential direction of the circumference from the rolling elements (rollers) 8 at the position where the load zone is released, the eccentricity of the eccentric revolution (swing) described above increases. In other words, the distance between the cage 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 changes due to this eccentric revolution (swing).

[0044] In the above-mentioned eccentric revolution (whirl) of the cage 9, the positions at which the distance between the outer ring 4 and the cage 9, and between the inner ring 7 and the cage 9, during one revolution cycle is shortest are positions at 135° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the above-mentioned reference position when the rotational direction of the cage 9 is counterclockwise. Also, when the rotational direction of the cage 9 is clockwise, the positions are 225° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the above-mentioned reference position.

[0045] Since the rolling bearing 1 has the detection member 15 provided on the inner side where the rolling elements 8 of the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 are located, as described above, when the distance between the retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 changes, naturally the retainer-detection member distance L, which is the distance between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15, also changes.

[0046] As described above, when the amount of wear on the pocket side surface 12a of the cage 9 increases through use of the rolling bearing 1, the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon of the cage 9 becomes more pronounced, and the distance between the cage 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 changes more significantly. Similarly, the cage-detection member distance L also changes more significantly, and the shortest cage-detection member distance L becomes shorter. In other words, as the cage 9 wears, the amount of change in the cage-detection member distance L gradually increases, and eventually the cage-detection member distance L becomes zero. In other words, when a detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the cage outer peripheral surface 9a and the abnormality detection contact portion 15a of the detection member 15 come into contact with each other.

[0047] Here, the first and second side detection members 15 are positioned so as to come into contact with the retainer 9 when the retainer 9 becomes worn, but are positioned taking into consideration the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon that occurs when the retainer 9 becomes worn.

[0048] (Disposition of detection member) The detection member 15 may be provided over the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, or may be provided on a part of the circumference. In the case of providing on a part of the circumference, it is preferable to provide it as follows, taking into consideration the characteristics of the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon when the cage 9 wears. When the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring, when the rotation angle is viewed from the reference circumferential position in the rotation direction of the inner ring 7 (the rolling element 8 in the absolute coordinate system), if the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise, it is preferable to provide it in a range of ±90° or more around 135°. Alternatively, when the inner ring 7 rotates clockwise, it is preferable to provide it in a range of ±90° or more around 225°. When the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring, when the rotation angle is viewed from the reference circumferential position in the rotation direction of the outer ring 4 (the rolling element 8 in the absolute coordinate system), it is preferable to provide it in a range of ±90° or more around 315° when the outer ring 4 rotates counterclockwise. Alternatively, when the outer ring 4 rotates clockwise, it is preferable that the rotation angle be set within a range of ±90° or more around 45°.

[0049] The angle at which the detection member 15 is provided is set to 90° for convenience, and may be in the range of 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the reference circumferential position when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, and in the range of 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the reference circumferential position when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7. In the portion where the detection member 15 is provided, the detection member 15 protrudes from the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 toward the cage 9, and the cage-detection member distance L is smaller than in other portions when the rolling bearing 1 is not rotating. Then, when the cage 9 wears, the above-mentioned tangential force causes the portion where the detection member 15 is present to come into contact earlier than other portions.

[0050] Furthermore, when the direction of relative rotation of the bearings changes, the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon that occurs when the retainer 9 wears will be reversed. Therefore, by providing the detection member 15 at two locations within the above-mentioned range in both rotational directions from the reference position, wear of the retainer 9 can be detected in either rotational direction.

[0051] When the direction of relative rotation of the bearings changes and when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range is from 90° to 270° in one rotation direction of the rolling elements 8 from the reference circumferential position, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range is from 270° to 360° in one rotation direction of the rolling elements 8 from the reference circumferential position, which makes manufacturing and assembly easier. Simply put, when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the detection member may be provided on the upward half in the vertical direction, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the detection member may be provided on the downward half in the vertical direction.

[0052] In addition, when the rotational direction of the rolling bearing 1 changes, the sensitivity of wear detection of the retainer 9 can be increased in either direction of rotation by setting the circumferential range of the detection member 15 so that it is linearly symmetrical with respect to a line passing through the reference circumferential position and the center of the rotation axis.

[0053] The amount by which the detection member 15 protrudes from the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer surface 5 of the inner ring 7 should be greater than 10% and less than 50% of the distance from the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4 to the cage or the distance from the outer surface 5 of the inner ring 7 to the cage.

[0054] 4, the thickness D of the abnormality detection contact portion 15a toward the cage may be changed between 10% and 50% of the distance from the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 to the cage or the distance from the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 to the cage. For example, by setting the thickness D to be thick, it becomes possible to set a threshold value for abnormality detection, such as enabling detection in a state where damage to the cage is small and there is a margin of error.

[0055] Furthermore, one or more thin plates or sheets may be configured to be detachably attached to the outer ring 4 side or the inner ring 7 side of the detection member 15, so that the amount of protrusion of the detection member 15 from the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7 can be adjusted. For example, if the detection member 15 is configured as a sheet as described above, it may have a laminated sheet structure that can be detached one layer at a time to adjust the amount of protrusion, and the amount of protrusion can be adjusted by the number of laminated sheets. By providing an adjustment section for adjusting the radial thickness as described above, it becomes possible to set the threshold value for anomaly detection and adjust the sensitivity according to the actual usage conditions of the rolling bearing 1, etc.

[0056] When the outer peripheral surface 9a of the holder 9 comes into contact with the abnormality detection contact portion 15a of the detection member 15, both sides of the detection member 15, which were electrically insulated, become conductive through the holder 9, and the electric wires 17 connected to both sides of the detection member 15 and the measuring portion 16 connected to the electric wires 17 become conductive. The detection member 15 and the holder 9 are conductive members.

[0057] The measuring unit 16 measures the electrical characteristics between one side and the other side of the insulated detection member 15 connected to the ends of two electric wires 17, and outputs the measured electrical characteristics or information obtained from these electrical characteristics as measurement information. Until the above-mentioned retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 come into contact with each other, one side and the other side of the detection member 15 are insulated from each other, so the electrical resistance value of the electrical characteristics is infinite, and if a voltage is applied, the current value of the electrical characteristics is zero. When the retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 come into contact with each other, electrical continuity is established between one side and the other side of the detection member 15, the electrical resistance value approaches zero, and the current value increases.

[0058] The measuring unit 16 outputs an electrical resistance value or a current value as the measured electrical characteristic. Alternatively, the measuring unit 16 may set a predetermined threshold value for the measured electrical resistance value, and output a signal indicating non-contact if the electrical resistance value is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold, and output a signal indicating contact if the electrical resistance value is less than the threshold. The measuring unit 16 may set a predetermined threshold value for the measured current value, and output a signal indicating non-contact if the current value is less than the predetermined threshold, and output a signal indicating contact if the current value is equal to or greater than the threshold. The electrical resistance value, current value, and signal become measurement information, and the measuring unit 16 outputs the measurement information to the outside.

[0059] The measuring unit 16 may not output if the measured electrical characteristic is not a value indicating contact, but may output a value indicating contact together with the time when the value indicating contact is measured. Also, if values ​​indicating contact are measured consecutively after a value indicating contact is measured, no output may be performed until the next value indicating no contact is measured, and a signal indicating the end of contact may be output together with the time when the next value indicating no contact is measured. In this way, the output signal or data can be significantly reduced.

[0060] The anomaly detection device 100 may be provided with a storage unit 31 that stores the measurement information measured by the measurement unit 16 in association with time information of the measurement time. The anomaly detection device 100 may also be provided with an external interface unit 32 that outputs the measurement information and time information stored in the storage unit 31 in response to a command from outside the anomaly detection device 100. The external interface unit 32 transmits and receives data to and from the outside via a wired or wireless connection. The external interface unit 32 may be connected to a network to transmit and receive data, and the network may be a local network or the Internet.

[0061] The diagnosis unit 19 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200 receives the measurement information output from the measurement unit 16 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the measurement information. The transmission path of the measurement information transmitted from the measurement unit 16 may be wired or wireless. When the received measurement information is an electric resistance value, if the measurement information is less than a predetermined threshold value, the diagnosis unit 19 judges that the cage 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 have come into contact, and therefore the cage is worn. When the received measurement information is a current value, if the measurement information is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, the diagnosis unit 19 judges that the cage 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 have come into contact, and therefore the cage is worn. Until then, the bearing is considered normal.

[0062] Furthermore, when the measurement information is a signal indicating the presence or absence of contact between the retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, the diagnostic unit 19 judges it to be normal if the signal indicates no contact, and judges that the retainer 9 is wearing out if the signal indicates contact.

[0063] (Determination of cage wear based on contact rate and contact time) Next, we will explain how to determine the wear or the degree of wear of the retainer 9, utilizing the fact that as the wear of the retainer 9 progresses, the change in the retainer-to-detection member distance L increases and the time that the retainer 9 is in contact with the detection member 15 becomes longer.

[0064] As described above, when the retainer 9 wears, the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 initially come into contact at one point per rotation of the relative rotation of the bearing due to the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon that occurs when the retainer 9 wears. Furthermore, when the retainer 9 wears, the contact points between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 increase due to the elastic deformation of the retainer 9, the rolling elements 8, and the detection member 15 themselves, as well as the deformations between them, and the contact time between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 during one rotation of the relative rotation of the bearing becomes longer.

[0065] That is, as wear of the cage 9 progresses, the percentage of contact between the cage 9 and the detection member 15 during one rotation of the bearing increases. Therefore, the degree of wear of the cage 9 can be known by measuring the percentage of contact between the cage 9 and the detection member 15 during one rotation of the bearing.

[0066] The measurement unit 16 may obtain a contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the detection member 15 and the cage 9 are in contact with each other to the time that the relative rotation between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 takes place for one rotation, and output the contact ratio as measurement information. Here, the measurement unit 16 obtains the time for one rotation and the contact time from the measured measurement information and the time information of the measurement time, and divides the contact time by the time required for one rotation to obtain the contact ratio.

[0067] At this time, the contact ratio may be calculated using information stored in the storage unit 31 that stores the measurement information in association with time information. The external interface unit 32 may transmit the calculated contact ratio as measurement information including the contact ratio to the outside, or may transmit a contact ratio signal in response to a request from the outside. Here, the contact ratio information may be included in the measurement information as contact information.

[0068] Furthermore, in addition to the contact ratio, the contact duration, which is the time of continuous contact, can also be included in the contact information of the measurement information. As wear of the cage 9 progresses, when the cage 9 and the detection member 15 come into contact, the contact does not occur at only one point, but continues at a certain relative rotation angle while the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 are rotating relative to each other. This allows the measurement unit 16 to obtain a signal indicating that the contact has continued for a certain period of time. The time during which the contact signal continues is the contact time.

[0069] As wear of the cage 9 progresses, the contact time becomes longer. An index similar to the above contact ratio can be obtained from the relationship between the contact time and the rotation speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body on which the rolling bearing 1 is provided, so that the degree of wear can be determined easily. In this case, a contact time threshold is set in advance for each rotation speed, moving speed of the moving body, and degree of wear of the cage 9, and an abnormality of the rolling bearing 1 can be diagnosed depending on whether the contact time exceeds the threshold for the degree of wear according to the rotation speed and moving speed. The measuring unit 16 may output the rotation speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body together with the contact time as measurement information.

[0070] The diagnosis unit 19 may receive the measurement information from the measurement unit 16 and judge the condition of the rolling bearing 1, in particular the degree of wear of the cage 9, based on the contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the detection member 15 and the cage 9 are in contact with each other relative to the time that the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 rotate once. It may be determined that the wear of the cage 9 is more advanced as the contact ratio increases, and an alarm may be output if the contact ratio is equal to or exceeds a threshold value. Note that the diagnosis unit 19 may receive measurement information that does not include the contact ratio, and may determine the measurement information in the same manner as described above.

[0071] In addition, when the measuring unit 16 includes the contact time in the measurement information, the diagnosis unit 19 may obtain the rotational speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body from outside, and include information on the rotational speed and moving speed in association with the measured contact time in the received measurement information.

[0072] The diagnosis unit 19 may store threshold values ​​for contact time for each rotational speed, moving speed of the moving body, and degree of wear of the retainer 9, and may acquire information relating to the rotational speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body from the outside, and diagnose an abnormality in the rolling bearing 1 depending on whether the contact time exceeds the threshold value for the degree of wear according to the acquired rotational speed and moving speed.

[0073] In addition, when the detection member 15 is provided only partially and not all around, there is no contact between the cage 9 and the detection member 15 in the portion where the detection member 15 is not present, so there is an upper limit to the contact ratio. Specifically, the upper limit is (angle of the range where the detection member 15 is provided) / 360°.

[0074] In the above embodiment, a cylindrical roller bearing 1 is given as the rolling bearing 1, but the present invention can be applied to any rolling bearing, such as a tapered roller bearing or a deep groove ball bearing.

[0075] According to the configuration of this embodiment, by providing detection members 15 provided electrically insulated on one first side and the other second side in the axial direction of the rolling bearing along the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 7, and a measurement unit that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring the electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side, it is possible to grasp the wear condition of the cage with a simple configuration. Note that, in the above case where the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring, it is preferable to provide the detection member 15 on the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 4, and, in the case where the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring, the detection member 15 is provided on the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7.

[0076] Furthermore, according to the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 of this embodiment, by taking into account the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon that occurs when the retainer 9 wears, a detection member 15 is provided in a specific circumferential range of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, making it possible to detect wear of the retainer 9 at an early stage with a simple structure and few parts.

[0077] Furthermore, because the detection member 15 is cylindrical or has a shape that is part of a cylinder, it can be fitted and fixed to the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 7. This eliminates the need for cutting processes such as drilling holes in the rolling bearing, and has the advantage that there is no risk of reducing the strength of the rolling bearing 1 itself.

[0078] Furthermore, when the detection member 15 is provided at a partial angle rather than around the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7, the detection member 15 becomes thin plate-like, so the detection member 15 can be made to have a greater curvature than the inner surface of the outer ring 4 or a smaller curvature than the outer surface of the inner ring 7, and can be easily fixed to the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 by elastically deforming it and fitting it.

[0079] Embodiment 2 In the above-described embodiment, no description was given regarding the change in the radial width of the detection member 15, but in this embodiment, an example in which the radial width of the detection member 15 is changed will be described. In this embodiment, the same words and symbols as those in the above-described embodiment have the same meanings unless otherwise specified.

[0080] The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 of this embodiment includes detection members 15 provided electrically insulated on one first side and the other second side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing 1 along the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7, and a measurement unit 16 that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side. Here, the detection members on the first side and the second side may be configured to come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn. It can also be said that the detection member 15 is fitted into the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7.

[0081] The detection members on the first and second sides of the abnormality detection device 100 come into contact with the retainer 9 when the retainer 9 becomes worn. When the first and second sides of the electrically insulated detection member 15 come into contact with the retainer, they become electrically conductive, and a measurement unit 16 that measures the electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side outputs the measured measurement information. The measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 changes before and after the contact between the detection member 15 and the retainer, so the side that receives the measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 reads the change and detects wear of the retainer 9.

[0082] The rolling bearing abnormality diagnostic device 200 includes a diagnostic unit 19 that receives the measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the received measurement information.

[0083] The detection member 15 is provided around the entire circumference of 360° along the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7. In this embodiment, the detection member 15 has a thicker radial thickness at a portion of the circumference where the distance L between the cage 9 and the detection member 15, that is, the cage-detection member distance L, becomes smaller when the cage 9 is worn. In other words, the radial thickness of a portion where the cage 9 and the detection member 15 are more likely to come into contact due to the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon caused by the wear of the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn is thickened, thereby narrowing the gap between the cage 9 and the detection member 15.

[0084] The first and second detection members have a maximum radial thickness in a range from the reference direction to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the direction in which the rolling element 8 rotates, with the center of rotation of the rolling bearing 1 as the reference direction, which is thicker than the maximum radial thickness in a range from the reference direction to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the opposite direction to the direction in which the rolling element rotates. The cage 9 receives a force in the direction of rotation in the tangential direction of the circumference passing through the center of the radial width of the cage 9 at the position where the rolling element 8 escapes from the load zone, as described in the above embodiment, and when the cage 9 wears, it swings in the direction of this force. Therefore, the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is determined so that the distance between the cage 9 and the detection member 15 in the direction of the force from the center of the rotating shaft is shortened. Therefore, the position where the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased is different by 180 degrees between the case where the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4 and the case where the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7. Also, at least the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased in a range including the position in the direction of the force. The radial thickness of the detection member 15 can also be said to be the thickness of the detection member 15 in the direction of the retainer 9.

[0085] The circumferential portion where the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased should be in the range of 90° to 180° from the reference position in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, and in the range of 270° to 360° from the reference position in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 when the detection member is provided on the inner ring 7. Here, the reference position is the reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling elements 8 around the rotation axis. Strictly speaking, the reference circumferential position changes due to acceleration and deceleration, but it may be considered as the vertically downward circumferential position from the center of the rotation axis in a stationary state.

[0086] Furthermore, for convenience, the circumferential range over which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased may be set to 90°, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range may be from 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from a reference circumferential position, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range may be from 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from a reference circumferential position.

[0087] 10 shows an example in which the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring and the detection member 15 is provided all around along the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4. Assuming that the rolling elements 8 rotate counterclockwise when viewed from the front to the back of the page, an example is shown in which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased in a range of 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from a reference circumferential position. In this case, the detection member 15 protrudes toward the rotating shaft in a range of 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the reference circumferential position. The protruding amount can be 50% of the distance from the bottom surface 15b of the abnormality detection contact portion of the detection member 15 to the outer peripheral surface 9a of the cage.

[0088] 11 shows an example in which the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring, and the detection member 15 is provided all around along the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7. Assuming that the rolling elements 8 rotate counterclockwise when viewed from the front to the back of the page, an example is shown in which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased in a range of 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from a reference circumferential position. In this case, the detection member 15 protrudes in a direction away from the rotation axis in a range of 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the reference circumferential position.

[0089] Furthermore, when the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 changes, if the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range may be 90° to 270° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from the reference circumferential position, and if the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range may be the combined range of 0° to 90° and 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from the reference circumferential position.

[0090] In the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 of this embodiment, when the cage 9 wears, the radial thickness of the portion where the cage 9 and the detection member 15 are likely to come into contact due to the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon caused by the wear of the cage 9 is increased, so that damage to the cage can be detected with little damage and with a margin, thereby making it possible to increase the detection accuracy. Also, the sensitivity of the detection of wear of the cage 9 can be increased.

[0091] In addition, the range in which the thickness of the detection member 15 is increased includes a tangential position on the circumference passing through the center of the radial width of the retainer 9 at the position where the rolling body 8 escapes the load zone when viewed from the center of the rotating shaft, thereby increasing the sensitivity of wear detection of the retainer 9.

[0092] Furthermore, for convenience, the circumferential range over which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased is set to 90°. When the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range is from 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from a reference circumferential position. When the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range is from 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from a reference circumferential position, which makes manufacturing and assembly easier.

[0093] In addition, when the rotation direction of the rolling bearing changes, the sensitivity of wear detection of the retainer 9 can be increased in either direction of rotation by providing a circumferential range in which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased so as to be symmetrical with respect to a line passing through a reference circumferential position and the center of the rotation shaft.

[0094] Embodiment 3 The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and abnormality diagnosis device 200 of the above-mentioned embodiments can be applied to abnormality detection and abnormality diagnosis of bearings attached to axles, reduction gears, and electric motor shafts of railway vehicles. In this embodiment, a train abnormality monitoring system for railway vehicles using the abnormality detection device 100 and abnormality diagnosis device 200 explained in the above-mentioned embodiments will be described. In this embodiment, the same words and symbols as those in the above-mentioned embodiments have the same meanings unless otherwise specified.

[0095] The train abnormality monitoring system 300 is an abnormality monitoring system that monitors abnormalities in rolling bearings 1 that hold the rotating shaft of an axle, a reducer, or an electric motor of a railway vehicle 20. The train abnormality monitoring system 300 includes an abnormality diagnosis device 200 having an abnormality detection device 100, and an integrated train management device 21 that is installed in a railway vehicle 20 having a plurality of rolling bearings 1 and includes a function of monitoring the operating state of rotating equipment. When a diagnosis unit 19 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200 judges an abnormality to exist, the integrated train management device 21 displays, for example, on a cab 22 of the railway vehicle 20 that there is an abnormality in the rolling bearing 1. Since the train abnormality monitoring system 300 monitors rolling bearings 1 of a railway vehicle, it can also be said to be a train abnormality monitoring system for railway vehicles.

[0096] The abnormality detection device 100 comprises a detection member 15 provided along the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 of the rolling bearing 1 or the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 7, on one first side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing 1 and on the other second side, while being electrically insulated, and a measurement unit 16 that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring an electrical characteristic between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side. Here, the detection members on the first side and the second side may be configured to come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn.

[0097] The rolling bearing abnormality diagnostic device 200 includes a diagnostic unit 19 that receives the measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the received measurement information.

[0098] The railway vehicle 20 that is the subject of abnormality monitoring may be a single car, a single train 23 consisting of multiple cars, or multiple trains 23. A single railway vehicle 20 also has one or more rolling bearings 1 that are the subject of abnormality monitoring.

[0099] 12 shows a configuration diagram of a train abnormality monitoring system 300 according to this embodiment. The train abnormality monitoring system 300 is a train abnormality monitoring system that monitors abnormalities in the axles of a railway vehicle 20, the reduction gear, or the rolling bearings 1 that hold the rotating shaft of an electric motor.

[0100] In this example, a case will be described in which the train abnormality monitoring system 300 is applied to one formation 23 consisting of multiple cars. The abnormality detection device 100 includes a detection member 15 and a measurement unit 16. The detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 of a rolling bearing 1 (not shown except for the cage 9) that holds the rotating shaft of an axle, a reducer, or an electric motor of a railway car 20, and is provided on one side and the other side in the axial direction of the rolling bearing 1, insulated from each other. The measurement unit 16 measures the electrical characteristics between one side and the other side of the detection member, and outputs the measured measurement information.

[0101] Similar to the above-described embodiment, the detection members 15 of the abnormality detection device 100 are provided on both axial sides of each rolling bearing 1 (both sides are referred to as one set). A measurement unit 16 may be provided for each rolling bearing, or a configuration may be adopted in which a single measurement unit 16 measures a plurality of sets of detection members 15 and outputs measurement information for the plurality of sets. A measurement unit 16 may be provided for each car in a trainset 23 made up of a plurality of cars.

[0102] The measurement unit 16 outputs the electrical characteristics obtained by the contact conduction between the detection member 15 and the cage 9, or contact information obtained from this, and identification information for identifying the rolling bearing, for the rolling bearing used in the rotating equipment installed in the railway vehicle 20.

[0103] The measurement information measured by the measurement unit 16 is the electrical characteristic obtained by the contact conduction between the detection member 15 and the holder 9 or contact information obtained from the electrical characteristic. Furthermore, the measurement unit 16 may output or store the time when the electrical characteristic was measured as measurement information in association with the measurement value.

[0104] Furthermore, the measuring unit 16 may output the relative rotation of the rolling bearing 1, based on the current value or resistance value obtained by contact between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 and the time of measurement, as contact information, in this case the contact ratio, which is the ratio of the contact time during which the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 are in contact per one rotation of the shaft, and include this in the measurement information.

[0105] Each rolling bearing 1 is given identification information with which it can be identified. The measurement unit 16 may associate the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 with the measurement information of the rolling bearing 1, and output (transmit to the outside) or store in the memory unit 31. By outputting and storing the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 in this manner, for example by associating it with the measurement information of the rolling bearing 1 as a set, when an abnormality is detected from the measurement information, it is possible to identify in which formation 23, which car, which bogie, and in which rolling bearing 1 the abnormality, such as wear, has occurred.

[0106] The abnormality diagnosis device 200 includes a diagnosis unit 19. The diagnosis unit 19 receives measurement information output from the measurement unit 16 of the abnormality detection device 100 by wire or wirelessly, and judges abnormalities such as wear of the cage 9 of the rolling bearing 1 from the electrical characteristics that are the measurement information or contact information (contact ratio) obtained from the electrical characteristics. The diagnosis unit 19 can also judge the degree of wear of the cage 9 from the contact information (contact ratio) included in the measurement information, and judge an abnormality to exist if the wear is equal to or greater than a threshold value.

[0107] When the contact ratio is not calculated by the measuring unit 16, the diagnosis unit 19 may calculate the contact ratio from the measurement information received by the diagnosis unit 19.

[0108] The diagnosis unit 19 can identify the target rolling bearing 1 from the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 contained in the measurement information, and can output which train set 23, which car, which bogie, and which rolling bearing 1 in which the abnormality such as wear has occurred. To achieve this, the diagnosis unit 19 stores the association between the identification information and the train set 23, car, bogie, and location of the rolling bearing, and can identify the train set 23, car, bogie, and location of the bearing in which the abnormality has occurred, and output a signal to display on a display.

[0109] The integrated train management device 21 receives the result determined by the diagnosis unit 19 by wired or wireless transmission, and if an abnormality is found, displays the abnormality on a display. The display may be that of the cab 22 connected to the integrated train management device 21. In this case, the diagnosis unit 19 identifies the formation 23, car, bogie, and location of the bearing in which the abnormality occurred, and the integrated train management device 21 receives this information, converts it into display information that graphically shows the location of the abnormality, and outputs it to the display.

[0110] In addition, the train integrated management device 21 may receive identification information of the rolling bearing 1 from the diagnosis unit 19, and identify the locations of the formation 23, vehicle, bogie and rolling bearing that have been determined to be abnormal from information stored in the train integrated management device 21 indicating the relationship between the identification information and the locations of the formation 23, vehicle, bogie and rolling bearing.

[0111] Although the above has been described as one train 23 made up of a plurality of railway cars 20, it can also be described as an abnormality monitoring system that monitors abnormalities in a plurality of rolling bearings 1 of one train 23.

[0112] Fig. 13 shows a configuration diagram of another train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment. In the example of Fig. 12, the condition of the rolling bearing 1 in one configuration 23 of a railway vehicle is diagnosed and the diagnosis result is displayed, but information on the rolling bearings 1 of a plurality of configurations 23 may be aggregated in a maintenance server and the collected information may be stored.

[0113] 12, as described above, not only is an abnormality diagnosis device 200 having an abnormality detection device 100 and an integrated train management device 21 that is installed in a railway car 20 having a plurality of rolling bearings 1 and includes a function of monitoring the operating state of rotating equipment provided in one railway car configuration 23, but each of the plurality of configurations 23 is also provided with an abnormality diagnosis device 200 and an integrated train management device 21. Furthermore, the train abnormality monitoring system 300 includes a maintenance server 25 that is connected to the integrated train management device 21 by a wired or wireless network and holds information on the rolling bearings 1 of the railway cars of the plurality of configurations 23 that have the integrated train management device 21.

[0114] The detection member 15, the measurement section 16 and the diagnosis section 19 have the same configuration as in the example of FIG.

[0115] In the integrated train management device 21, output information output from the measurement unit 16 is transmitted to the maintenance server 25 via the network. Furthermore, the maintenance server 25 stores the output information output from the measurement unit 16 in a storage device of the maintenance server 25. The maintenance server 25 may be provided in a maintenance center, a maintenance base, or the like, instead of on the railway vehicle 20. In this case, it is not necessary to provide the diagnosis unit 19 in each formation 23 of the railway vehicle 20. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide each formation 23 of the railway vehicle 20 with the ability to execute the diagnosis unit 19, power, and the like, and the number of components of the railway vehicle 20 or each formation 23 can be reduced and simplified.

[0116] The diagnosis unit 19 or the integrated train management device 21 may temporarily store the output information output from the measurement unit 16 of each rolling bearing 1 and transmit the stored information to the maintenance server 25 at any timing, or copy the temporarily stored information to a storage medium and store it in the storage unit of the maintenance server 25 by the storage medium. Possible timings for transmission to the maintenance server 25 include when the train is stopped at a station, a signal, a depot, etc. This is because a wireless communication environment is good, and a wired communication system allows a connection line for communication to be connected.

[0117] In the integrated train management device 21, the diagnosis information, which is the result of the diagnosis output from the abnormality diagnosis device 200, is transmitted to the maintenance server 25 via the network. The diagnosis information is information on the results of judgment such as whether each rolling bearing 1 is healthy, abnormal, or requires inspection. The maintenance server 25 may store the transmitted diagnosis information in a storage device of the maintenance server 25. The output information output from the measurement unit 16 is generated on a second-by-second basis for each rolling bearing 1, which amounts to a large amount of data for a plurality of trains 23, but by transmitting diagnosis information, and abnormality information in particular, the transmission load can be significantly reduced.

[0118] FIG. 14 shows a configuration diagram of another train abnormality monitoring system 300 according to this embodiment. In the example of FIG. 13, information on the rolling bearings 1 of a plurality of formations 23 is collected in the maintenance server 25 and the collected information is stored. However, instead of providing a diagnosing unit 19 in each formation 23 of the railway vehicle 20, the diagnosing unit 19 may be provided to be connected to the maintenance server 25, and the diagnosing unit 19 may diagnose the condition of each rolling bearing 1 using information output from the measuring unit 16 stored in the maintenance server 25. Also, the maintenance server 25 may be provided with an input unit for inputting maintenance information including output information (measurement information) corresponding to the identification information of the rolling bearing from the outside. The judgment criteria described below may be obtained based on the input maintenance information. In this case, the maintenance information may include measurement information measured in the past, and may also include information on the result of the judgment that maintenance or updating is necessary as a result of the inspection. The judgment criteria and threshold value can be determined using the past measurement information and the information on the result of the judgment that maintenance or updating is necessary.

[0119] The detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16 have the same configuration as in the example of FIG.

[0120] Here, an abnormality detection device 100 constituted by a detection member 15 and a measurement unit 16 is provided on a rolling bearing 1 of a railway vehicle 20 or on the railway vehicle itself. The measurement unit 16 outputs electrical characteristics obtained by the contact continuity between the detection member 15 and the cage 9 for the rolling bearing 1 used in rotating equipment installed on the railway vehicle 20, or contact information obtained from this, and identification information for identifying the rolling bearing, which are transmitted to a maintenance server 25 via a wired or wireless network. The measurement information includes identification information for identifying the rolling bearing 1 being measured (identifying the formation 23, vehicle, and bearing), as well as information on the time of measurement.

[0121] During transmission from the measurement unit 16 to the maintenance server 25, the measurement information may be temporarily held in the integrated train management device 21 of each train set 23 of the railway vehicle, and transmitted to the maintenance server 25. This is preferable when the railway vehicle 20 transmits the information at a location where the transmission path environment is good.

[0122] The maintenance server 25 receives the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1 of the multiple sets 23 and stores it in a memory unit.

[0123] The diagnosis unit 19 reads out the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1 of the multiple sets of trains 23 stored in the maintenance server 25, and judges the presence or absence of an abnormality in each rolling bearing 1. Specifically, the diagnosis unit 19 identifies the target rolling bearing 1 from the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 included in the measurement information stored in the maintenance server 25, and outputs which set of trains 23, which car, which bogie, and which rolling bearing 1 has experienced an abnormality such as wear.

[0124] The diagnosis unit 19 stores in advance the association between the identification information and the location of the train set 23, vehicle, bogie, and rolling bearing, and can identify the train set 23, vehicle, bogie, and location of the bearing in which an abnormality has occurred, and output a signal to display this graphically on a display.

[0125] By configuring as described above, there is no need to provide a storage device for holding measurement information over long periods of time or a computing device for diagnosis in each formation 23 of the railway vehicle 20, and since this is carried out by the maintenance server 25 and the diagnosis unit 19 connected to it, the efficiency of the entire system is good.

[0126] Fig. 15 shows a configuration diagram of another train abnormality monitoring system 300 according to this embodiment. In this example, in addition to the configuration of the train abnormality monitoring system 300 in Fig. 12, an analysis unit 26 connected to a maintenance server 25 is provided, and the analysis unit 26 transmits abnormality judgment criteria, which are the analysis results, to the diagnosis units 19, and each diagnosis unit 19 judges an abnormality based on the judgment criteria.

[0127] In the example of FIG. 15, the abnormality detection device 100, the abnormality diagnosis device 200, and the maintenance server 25 are similar to those in the example of FIG.

[0128] The analysis unit 26 is connected to the maintenance server 25 by wire or wirelessly, and reads out the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1 of the railway cars 20 stored in the maintenance server 25. The analysis unit 26 analyzes the measurement information of the multiple rolling bearings 1 of the multiple railway cars 20 of the multiple formations 23, and determines a criterion for the value of the measurement information at which wear of the cages 9 of the rolling bearings 1 becomes abnormal. The criterion can be determined as a function of an inequality in which the variables are threshold data or the value of the measurement information. The analysis unit 26 transmits the determined criterion as criterion information to the diagnosis unit 19 via the maintenance server 25 and the integrated train management device 21, or via the integrated train management device 21, or directly.

[0129] The diagnosis unit 19 receives the criteria information, stores the criteria information, or updates existing criteria to the criteria of the received criteria information, and uses the criteria to determine abnormalities in the measurement information.

[0130] A method for determining the criteria used in the analysis unit 26 to determine whether the measurement information from the diagnosis unit 19 is abnormal will be described.

[0131] (1) Using standard deviation After a certain period of operation, for each stored rolling bearing 1, the proportion of time during which there was a signal indicating contact between the cage 9 and the detection member 15 in the measurement information was found relative to the total time that the rolling bearing 1 was rotating, and the standard deviation of the proportion of contact time relative to this total time is calculated, and a rolling bearing 1 with a proportion exceeding the 3σ range, for example, may be judged to be abnormal or requiring inspection. The analysis unit 26 finds the proportion of contact time relative to the total time of the upper limit of the 3σ range, sets the judgment criterion as exceeding this upper limit proportion, and transmits this as judgment criterion information to the diagnosis unit 19 as described above.

[0132] The diagnosis unit 19 receives the judgment criterion information and judges the rolling bearing 1 to be abnormal or requiring inspection based on the judgment criterion of exceeding the ratio of contact time to the upper limit of total time. Information on the rolling bearing 1 judged to be abnormal or requiring inspection is displayed via the train integrated management device 21 or sent as diagnostic information to the maintenance server 25. Maintenance personnel monitor the display and the diagnostic information sent to the maintenance server 25, and actually inspect the rolling bearings 1 judged to be abnormal or requiring inspection.

[0133] In the above, the ratio of contact time to total time is used as the evaluation criterion, but the above-mentioned contact ratio may also be used.

[0134] (2) Use actual test results After a certain period of operation, the results of actual inspection of the rolling bearings 1 based on the above diagnostic information, or the results of actual inspection of the rolling bearings 1 through regular inspections (including inspections based on mileage), can be compiled to collect information on the rolling bearings 1 that actually required replacement or treatment, and the measurement information of the bearings 1 can be analyzed to determine a judgment criterion.

[0135] The analysis unit 26 identifies the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1 that have actually required replacement or treatment as a result of actual inspection from the measurement information stored in the maintenance server 25 by inputting the identification information, and records that fact in the maintenance server 25. After a certain period of time has passed, the number of identified rolling bearings 1 will increase. From the measurement information of the multiple identified rolling bearings 1, the analysis unit 26 obtains the rolling bearing 1 with the smallest ratio of contact time to the total time or contact rate, and that ratio of contact time to the total time or contact rate. The analysis unit 26 uses the thus obtained ratio of contact time to the total time or contact rate or more as a judgment criterion for judging that a rolling bearing 1 is abnormal or requires inspection, stores this as judgment criterion information, and transmits it to the diagnosis unit 19 as described above.

[0136] (Machine Learning) Furthermore, the operation information of each train formation 23 together with the measurement information may be collected and stored by the maintenance server 25, and the analysis unit 26 may store this operation information, the ratio of contact time to total time or contact rate, and the results of actual inspections as learning data in the maintenance server 25, and use machine learning to create a learned model.

[0137] Here, when the integrated train management device 21 of each composition 23 transmits the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1, it may transmit, as operation information, both current and brake information representing the acceleration / deceleration of the composition 23 at each time to the maintenance server 25, and the maintenance server 25 may store the identification information, time, current, and information representing the acceleration / deceleration of these compositions 23. The data collected in this way from a plurality of compositions 23 can be used as the learning data.

[0138] The analysis unit 26 performs machine learning using the operation information, the ratio of contact time to the total time or the contact ratio, and the results of the actual inspection as learning data, and creates learned data. The analysis unit 26 transmits the created learned model to the diagnosis unit 19 as described above. In this case, the learned model can be considered as judgment criteria information.

[0139] The diagnosis unit 19 applies the measurement information (including contact time or contact ratio) of each rolling bearing 1 measured by the measurement unit 16 and the information indicating acceleration / deceleration from the train integrated management device 21 to the received trained model, and obtains a judgment result as to whether or not there is an abnormality or inspection is required. Furthermore, the diagnosis unit 19 can be configured to send the judgment result to the train integrated management device 21, and like the other forms, to display the judgment result or transmit it to the maintenance server 25 so that the operator or maintenance personnel can monitor it.

[0140] Taking the above as a broader concept, the train abnormality monitoring system 300 can be considered to include a proximity time measurement unit that measures the proximity time during which the gap between the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 1 of the railway car 20 and the cage 9 is below a predetermined threshold and outputs the proximity time ratio indicating the ratio of the proximity time, and a diagnosis unit that receives the proximity time ratio information and determines that an abnormality has occurred when the contact ratio exceeds the threshold. Here, the proximity time ratio is the ratio of the proximity time to the total measured time, or the ratio of the proximity time to the time of one relative rotation between the outer ring 4 and inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 1.

[0141] The above concept is devised from the phenomenon in which the cage 9 swings due to a tangential force on the circumference at the load zone escape position of the rolling elements 8 described in the above embodiment. If the state of the rolling bearing 1 is judged using the proximity time ratio of the above generic concept, even the degree of wear of the cage 9 can be judged.

[0142] In the contact between the detection member 15 provided on the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 and the cage 9 measured by the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16, the detection member 15 protrudes from the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7 toward the cage 9, and this protrusion amount corresponds to the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value. Therefore, the ratio of contact time to the total measured time or the contact ratio measured by the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16 is a concept included in the above-mentioned proximity time ratio. Therefore, the above-mentioned generic concept can be said to be a concept including any of the above-mentioned train abnormality monitoring systems 300.

[0143] It is also possible to measure the proximity time ratio by other means instead of the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16. For example, a plurality of non-contact displacement meters (e.g., laser displacement meters, eddy current displacement meters, etc.) that measure the distance between the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 and the outer periphery of the cage 9 are provided in the circumferential direction, and the number of displacement meters that are equal to or smaller than a threshold among the distances measured by the plurality of non-contact displacement meters is found, and this is divided by the number of non-contact displacement meters provided in the circumferential direction to simply find the contact ratio.

[0144] The train abnormality monitoring system expressed as a higher-level concept above can be realized by using the above-mentioned non-contact displacement meter or the above-mentioned detection member 15. Specifically, in any of the examples of this embodiment (FIGS. 12-15), it can be said that the system can be realized by providing multiple non-contact displacement meters (e.g., laser displacement meters, eddy current displacement meters, etc.) in the circumferential direction instead of the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16. However, when applying the system, since the non-contact displacement meters are non-contact, it is necessary to replace contact with proximity and replace the contact time with the number of locations of the non-contact displacement meters that detected proximity.

[0145] The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of the present embodiment uses the abnormality detection device 100 and the abnormality diagnosis device 200 of the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore has the following effects in addition to the above effects.

[0146] The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment is provided in a railway car 20 having a plurality of rolling bearings 1, and causes a train integrated management device 21, which monitors the operating state of rotating equipment, to display an abnormality in a rolling bearing 1 that has been judged to be abnormal by a diagnostic section 19 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200, thereby making it possible to monitor abnormalities in the retainers 9 of the plurality of bearings provided in the railway car 20 (Fig. 12). The abnormality detection device 100 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200 has a simple structure and is strong, and is therefore suitable for a train abnormality monitoring system for railway cars that have a large number of rolling bearings 1 and will be used for many years.

[0147] The train abnormality monitoring system 300 makes its judgments based on the contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the detection member 15 and the retainer 9 are in contact with each other per one rotation of the relative rotation between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 from the measurement information. Therefore, it can grasp the degree of wear of the retainer 9 for each of the many rolling bearings 1 of the railway car, so that the times for maintenance, inspection and replacement can be determined and maintenance can be planned efficiently.

[0148] The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment collects measurement information collected by the abnormality detection devices 100 of the rolling bearings 1 of multiple formations 30, or the results of the diagnosis unit 19 determining whether there is an abnormality or a need for inspection, in the maintenance server 25 and can be searched, etc., so that maintenance personnel can understand the differences in detection sensitivity depending on the type of rolling bearing 1 and adjust the inspection timing, etc. (Figure 13).

[0149] In the train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment, the diagnosis unit 19 is directly connected to the maintenance server 25 which receives measurement information collected by the abnormality detection device 100 of the rolling bearings 1 of a plurality of formations 30, or results of the diagnosis unit 19 determining that there is an abnormality or that inspection is required, so by consolidating the diagnosis unit on the ground side rather than directly mounting it on the vehicle, it becomes easier to update the abnormality detection algorithm, etc. When changing the judgment criteria of the diagnosis unit 19 due to the shape of the detection member 15, etc., the change can be made all at once (Fig. 13).

[0150] In the train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment, the analysis unit 26 is connected to the maintenance server 25 which receives measurement information collected by the abnormality detection device 100 of the rolling bearings 1 of a plurality of formations 30, or the results of the diagnosis unit 19 judging an abnormality or the need for inspection, so that the measurement information stored in the maintenance server 25 and the maintenance, inspection and update information can be analyzed to update the judgment criteria, and the judgment criteria of the diagnosis unit 19 can be updated to improve the diagnosis accuracy (Fig. 14). In particular, by collecting and analyzing the ratio of contact time or contact ratio to the total measured time, the threshold value of the contact time ratio or contact ratio can be found from the actual measurement and inspection results and used as the judgment criterion of the diagnosis unit 19, thereby improving the diagnosis accuracy.

[0151] The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment is equipped with a proximity time measurement unit that measures the proximity time during which the gap between the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 1 of the railway car 20 and the cage 9 is below a predetermined threshold and outputs the proximity time ratio indicating the proportion of the proximity time, and a diagnosis unit that receives the proximity time ratio information and determines that an abnormality has occurred when the contact ratio exceeds the threshold.As such, it is possible to grasp the degree of wear of the cage 9 for each of the many rolling bearings 1 of the railway car, so that the times for maintenance, inspection and replacement can be determined and maintenance planning can be carried out efficiently. [Explanation of symbols]

[0152] 1 rolling bearing (cylindrical roller bearing), 2 inner surface of outer ring, 4 outer ring, 5 outer surface of inner ring, 7 inner ring, 8 rolling element (cylindrical roller), 9 cage, 9a outer surface of cage, 10 ring portion, 11 column portion, 12 pocket portion, 15 detection member, 15a abnormality detection contact portion, 15b bottom surface of abnormality detection contact portion, 16 measurement portion, 17 electric wire, 18 transmission portion, 19 diagnosis portion, 20 railway vehicle, 21 train integrated management device, 22 driver's cab, 23 train formation, 31 memory portion, 32 interface portion, 100 rolling bearing abnormality detection device, 200 rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device, 300 train abnormality monitoring system.

Claims

1. A train abnormality monitoring system for monitoring abnormalities in rolling bearings that hold a rotating shaft of a railroad vehicle, a reduction gear, or an electric motor, comprising: a proximity time measuring unit that measures a proximity time during which a distance between an outer ring or an inner ring of the rolling bearing of the railway vehicle and a cage that holds a plurality of rolling elements between the outer ring and the inner ring while maintaining a distance between adjacent rolling elements becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, and outputs the measured proximity time as a proximity time ratio that represents a ratio of the proximity time; a diagnosis unit that receives information on the proximity time ratio and determines that an abnormality exists when the proximity time ratio exceeds a threshold value; A train anomaly monitoring system, wherein the proximity time ratio is the ratio of the proximity time to the total measured time, or the ratio of the proximity time to the time required for one relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring of the rolling bearing.

2. 2. The train abnormality monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the proximity time measurement unit measures the distance between the inner surface of the outer ring or the outer surface of the inner ring and the cage using a plurality of non-contact displacement meters arranged in a circumferential direction.

3. 3. The train abnormality monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the non-contact type displacement meter is a laser displacement meter or an eddy current displacement meter.

4. The train abnormality monitoring system according to claim 1 , wherein the diagnosing unit determines the degree of wear of the cage.

5. A train abnormality monitoring system for monitoring abnormalities in rolling bearings that hold a rotating shaft of a railroad vehicle, a reduction gear, or an electric motor, comprising: a proximity time measuring unit that measures a proximity time during which a distance between an outer ring or an inner ring of the rolling bearing of the railway vehicle and a cage that holds a plurality of rolling elements between the outer ring and the inner ring while maintaining a distance between adjacent rolling elements becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, and outputs the measured proximity time as a proximity time ratio that represents a ratio of the proximity time; a maintenance server that stores maintenance information including the information on the proximity time ratio as measurement information; an analysis unit connected to the maintenance server and determining, from the measurement information stored in the maintenance server, a criterion for determining whether a value of the measurement information indicates that wear of the cage is abnormal; a diagnosis unit that determines an abnormality by applying the determination criterion to the proximity time ratio output by the proximity time measurement unit, A train anomaly monitoring system, wherein the proximity time ratio is the ratio of the proximity time to the total measured time, or the ratio of the proximity time to the time required for one relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring of the rolling bearing.

6. A train abnormality monitoring system for monitoring abnormalities in rolling bearings that hold a rotating shaft of a railroad vehicle, a reduction gear, or an electric motor, comprising: a proximity time measuring unit that measures a proximity time during which a distance between an outer ring or an inner ring of the rolling bearing of the railway vehicle and a cage that holds a plurality of rolling elements between the outer ring and the inner ring while maintaining a distance between adjacent rolling elements becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, and outputs the measured proximity time as a proximity time ratio that represents a ratio of the proximity time; a maintenance server that holds maintenance information including train operation information, actual inspection results, and information on the proximity time ratio; An analysis unit that performs machine learning using the maintenance information stored in the maintenance server as learning data, creates a learned model, and transmits the learned model; a diagnosis unit that applies the trained model to the proximity time ratio output by the proximity time measurement unit to determine an abnormality; A train anomaly monitoring system, wherein the proximity time ratio is the ratio of the proximity time to the total measured time, or the ratio of the proximity time to the time required for one relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring of the rolling bearing.

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