Mobile house, installation method of mobile house, and foundation for mobile house

Abstract

To improve convenience while making it easier to move houses such as container houses.SOLUTION: A movable house according to the embodiment comprises a house consisting of at least columns and beams, and a foundation that detachably supports the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the columns and beams with removable bolts and nuts, and forms a gap inside the foundation for arranging heads of the bolts or the nuts. Furthermore, a method for installing the movable house according to the embodiment comprises detachably supporting the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the columns and beams of the house consisting of at least columns and beams, with removable bolts and nuts, and forming a gap inside the foundation and arranging heads of the bolts or the nuts in the gap to install the house on the foundation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a mobile house, a method of installing a mobile house, and a foundation for a mobile house.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the demand for container houses using second-hand marine containers and container houses simulating marine containers has been increasing. There is an increasing need for container houses to be easily installed at a desired location and then quickly removed and installed at another location. For this reason, various detachable structures have been proposed to enable easy attachment and detachment of container houses to a foundation (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 6).

[0003] Specifically, since a container house is installed by tightening nuts on anchor bolts embedded in a concrete foundation, openings for inserting tools or hands for tightening the nuts are provided in the corner castings or corner members of the container house.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

Patent Document 6

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to improve convenience while enabling easy movement of houses such as container houses.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] A mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a house composed of at least columns and beams, and a foundation that removably supports the house by directly or indirectly tightening at least one of the columns and the beams with removable bolts and nuts. which forms a void inside for placing the head of the removable bolt or the nut, and has an insertion opening for inserting a tool or a hand into the void for tightening the removable bolt and the nut and has The foundation includes reinforced concrete, a channel steel that forms the void inside and has open ends on both sides as the insertion openings, and a web that forms a through hole or an internal thread for passing the removable bolt, and is embedded in the reinforced concrete with the web exposed to the outside of the foundation toward the house side, a base plate made of a steel frame that is joined to the channel steel by welding and embedded in the reinforced concrete, and an anchor bolt that is embedded in the reinforced concrete and fixes the base plate to the reinforced concrete, and is connected to the base plate by being tightened with a nut outside the void such a structure.

[0007] Also, an installation method of a mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention is the installation method of the mobile house described above, and the house is installed on the foundation by arranging the head of the bolt or the nut in the gap.

[0009] Further, a foundation for a mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention is a foundation for a mobile house that removably supports the house by directly or indirectly tightening at least one of the columns and the beams of the house composed of at least columns and beams with removable bolts and nuts, and forms a gap inside for arranging Removable the head of the bolt or the nut. and has an insertion opening for inserting a tool or a hand into the void for tightening the removable bolt and the nut such a structure. The foundation for this mobile house includes reinforced concrete, a channel steel that forms the void inside and has open ends on both sides as the insertion openings, and a web that forms a through hole or an internal thread for passing the removable bolt, and is embedded in the reinforced concrete with the web exposed to the outside of the foundation toward the house side, a base plate made of a steel frame that is joined to the channel steel by welding and embedded in the reinforced concrete, and an anchor bolt that is embedded in the reinforced concrete and fixes the base plate to the reinforced concrete, and is connected to the base plate by being tightened with a nut outside the void.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Figure 17

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] A mobile house, a method of installing a mobile house, and a foundation for a mobile house according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0012] (First Embodiment) (Configuration and Function of Mobile House) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view before attaching the ceiling, floor, and outer walls of the mobile house 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of the mobile house 1 shown in FIG. 1. Note that FIG. 1 shows a cross-section taken along line A-A of FIG. 2.

[0013] The mobile house 1 is configured by detachably supporting the house 3 on the foundation 2. The foundation 2 is buried in the ground with its upper surface exposed to the ground, and ideally, the upper surface of the foundation 2 is flush with the ground line GL. Therefore, if the foundations 2 are buried in different locations, the house 3 can be moved between the foundations 2. Note that the ground line GL is also called the ground level.

[0014] The house 3 may be single, or a plurality of houses 3 may be connected in at least one of the length, width, and height directions. When a plurality of houses 3 are connected in at least one of the length and width directions to form the mobile house 1, the foundations 2 for supporting each house 3 are prepared.

[0015] The house 3 is composed of at least columns 4 and beams 5, and in addition to the floor and ceiling, outer wall materials and inner wall materials having a desired shape can be attached to desired parts. A typical house 3 with a simplified structure is configured by connecting four columns 4 arranged at the four corners with four beams 5 having the length direction of the house 3 as the length direction and four beams 5 having the width direction of the house 3 as the length direction in order to ensure strength.

[0016] The columns 4 and beams 5 may be transported to the installation location of the house 3 in a disassembled state and connected with bolts and nuts so that they can be easily assembled. However, when emphasis is placed on ensuring strength, it is practical to join them by welding. Also, to the columns 4 and beams 5 connected so that their length directions are perpendicular to each other, a strut with the length direction as the inclined direction may be connected and reinforced as needed, but it may be omitted when strength is ensured. FIGS. 1 and 2 show an example in which the strength of the columns 4 and beams 5 is designed so that the strut can be omitted.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of a panel 6 attached as a longitudinal side wall to the house 3 shown in FIG. 1.

[0018] If a corrugated panel 6 having the appearance of a marine container as exemplified in FIG. 3 is attached to at least one of the columns 4 and the beams 5, the house 3 can be made into a container house at least partially having the appearance of a marine container. The panel 6 exemplified in FIG. 3 is provided with a protrusion 6A forming a flat mounting surface for attaching an inner wall material. Of course, by attaching an outer wall material or a ceiling having a desired shape to at least one of the columns 4 and the beams 5, a container house can be constructed in which some wall surfaces are corrugated, such as a land cargo container for railways or an air cargo container, and the other wall surfaces are flat.

[0019] Further, not limited to container houses, for example, if a glass panel is attached to at least one of the columns 4 and the beams 5, a bright and open house 3 utilizing sunlight can be formed. Therefore, by selecting the materials of the ceiling, the floor, and the outer wall material, it is possible to form not only a house 3 with a full glass facade but also a house 3 partially made of wood. Depending on the purpose of use of the house 3, such as for a store or a stage, it is not always necessary to attach an outer wall material, and it may be used in an open state without attaching both the inner wall material and the outer wall material. Also, brackets may be fixed so that the roof is attached in an inclined manner.

[0020] Regardless of whether the exterior of the house 3 is a container house or not, if the size is the same as that of a marine container, the house 3 can be transported and carried by ships and trucks standardized for the transportation and carriage of marine containers. The size defined by the length, width, and height of a marine container is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The length of a marine container according to ISO standards is 20 feet, 40 feet, 45 feet, 48 feet, or 53 feet, the width is 8 feet, and the height is 8 feet 6 inches or 9 feet 6 inches. A marine container according to ISO standards is called an international marine cargo container. In Japan, the width, length, and height of an international cargo container corresponding to ISO standards are also standardized in Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) in millimeters in JIS Z1614, etc.

[0021] Conversely, the size of the house 3 may be set to a size not standardized as the size of a marine container. That is, the size of the house 3 may be set to a unique size that is not standardized. In that case, it becomes possible to load the house 3 onto a truck equipped with a crane (a unique vehicle) or a general-purpose large truck, etc. However, here, the case where the size of the house 3 is the same as that of a marine container will be described as an example.

[0022] On the other hand, for the columns 4 and the beams 5, it is preferable to be composed of JIS steel materials specified as materials for the main parts in terms of the structural strength of steel-frame buildings in the Building Standards Law. If the columns 4 and the beams 5 are composed of JIS steel materials, the mobile house 1 can be used as a steel-frame building.

[0023] Steel materials include carbon steel and stainless steel. In addition to hot-rolled steel materials for general structures specified in JIS G3101, hot-rolled steel materials for building structures specified in JIS G3136, lightweight shapes for general structures specified in JIS G3350, and square steel pipes for general structures specified in JIS G3466, various steel materials such as decarburized steel sheets and steel strips for boilers specified in JIS G3133, which are not specified in the Building Standards Law but are practical steel materials, are specified in JIS.

[0024] The house 3 is detachably supported by the foundation 2 by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the column 4 and the beam 5 to the foundation 2 with removable bolts 7 and nuts 8. That is, in order to detach the house 3 from the foundation 2, the nuts are not tightened to the anchor bolts embedded in the concrete foundation 2. Therefore, it is not necessary to project the anchor bolts from the foundation 2 in order to detach the house 3. For this reason, there are no obstacles in the embedded area of the foundation 2 after the house 3 is removed, and the embedded area of the foundation 2 can be effectively utilized.

[0025] In order to detachably fasten the removable bolts 7 and nuts 8 to both at least one of the column 4 and the beam 5 and the foundation 2, a space is required to fasten the bolts 7 and nuts 8 to both at least one of the column 4 and the beam 5 and the foundation 2. Therefore, an air gap 9 for arranging at least the head of the bolt 7 or the nut 8 is formed inside the foundation 2. In addition, the foundation 2 is provided with an insertion port 10 for inserting a tool or a hand into the air gap 9 in order to fasten the bolts 7 and nuts 8. On the other hand, the column 4 or the beam 5 to which the bolts 7 and nuts 8 are to be fastened is also structured to be able to fasten the bolts 7 and nuts 8.

[0026] The house 3 may be structured to fasten the column 4 to the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8, or may be structured to fasten the beam 5 to the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8. Also, the bolts 7 and nuts 8 may be directly fastened to the column 4 or the beam 5, or may be indirectly fastened with an attachment such as a metal fitting intervening.

[0027] As a specific example, in the case where the shape of the house 3 is not the standardized shape of an international freight container and the columns 4 at the four corners protrude toward the ground line GL side, a flange for inserting the bolt 7 may be formed at the tip of the column 4 on the ground line GL side, as shown in FIG. 8 of Japanese Patent No. 6433611 exemplified as Patent Document 5. In this case, the column 4 will be directly fastened to the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8.

[0028] As another specific example, even when the column 4 does not protrude toward the ground line GL side, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2020-87553, if a connecting column with a flange is connected to the column 4, the column 4 can similarly be fastened to the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8. In this case, the column 4 will be indirectly fastened to the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8.

[0029] When the shape of the house 3 is the standardized shape of an international freight container, the lower surface of the house 3 for support by the foundation 2 often becomes the beam 5 on the ground line GL side or the corner casting connected to the beam 5. Therefore, it is practical to directly fasten the bolts 7 and nuts 8 to the beam 5 or indirectly fasten them with the corner casting interposed.

[0030] A typical corner casting is provided at the corner that is the connecting part of the column 4 and the beam 5, which is composed of a square steel pipe for general structures with a rectangular cross section defined by JIS G3466. Therefore, if an opening is provided in the corner casting, the bolts 7 or nuts 8 can be arranged inside the corner casting and tightened with tools.

[0031] That is, when inserting the bolt 7 from the gap 9 in the foundation 2 into the corner casting of the house 3, the male thread of the bolt 7 protruding into the corner casting can be tightened with the nut 8. Conversely, if an appropriate opening is formed in the corner casting, the bolt 7 can be inserted from inside the corner casting toward the gap 9 in the foundation 2 and tightened with the nut 8 arranged in the gap 9 of the foundation 2.

[0032] In either case, a tool such as a torque wrench or a hand can be inserted through the opening of the corner casting to apply torque to the nut 8 or the bolt 7 or to prevent the rotation of the nut 8 or the bolt 7. Similarly, a tool or a hand can be inserted into the gap 9 from the insertion port 10 of the foundation 2 to apply torque to the nut 8 or the bolt 7 or to prevent the rotation of the nut 8 or the bolt 7.

[0033] Thus, the bolt 7 may be inserted from inside the house 3 toward the gap 9 in the foundation 2, or may be inserted from the gap 9 in the foundation 2 toward inside the house 3. However, when inserting the bolt 7 from the gap 9 in the foundation 2 toward inside the house 3, it is necessary to form a gap 9 having a depth greater than the length of the bolt 7 in the foundation 2.

[0034] Therefore, if the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3 are designed so that the bolt 7 can be inserted from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2, not only can the depth of the gap 9 in the foundation 2 be reduced, but also the tightening operation of the bolt 7 and the nut 8 can be facilitated. Specifically, the bolt 7 can be tightened with the nut 8 by rotating the bolt 7 with a tool such as a torque wrench inside the house 3 while holding the nut 8 arranged in the gap 9 in the foundation 2 so as not to rotate with a tool such as a wrench. Therefore, hereinafter, the case of inserting the bolt 7 from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2 will be described as an example.

[0035] FIG. 4 is a plan view of the columns 4 and beams 5 on the ceiling side of the mobile house shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a plan view of the columns 4 and beams 5 on the floor side of the mobile house shown in FIG. 1.

[0036] As shown in the figure, at least one of the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3 fastened to the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8 can be composed of a shaped steel 11 such as an angle steel. Then, unlike the case where the column 4 or the beam 5 is composed of a steel pipe, since there is no interference, it becomes possible to insert the bolt 7 from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2.

[0037] In the illustrated example, all of the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3 are composed of angle steels with an L-shaped cross-sectional shape. Of course, the columns 4 and beams 5 of the house 3 may be composed of other shaped steels 11 such as channel steels (C-shaped cross-sectional shape), light channel steels or lip channel steels, I-shaped (joist) steels with an I-shaped cross-sectional shape, and H-shaped (H) steels with an H-shaped cross-sectional shape.

[0038] Furthermore, if at least the column 4 or the beam 5 in which the hole for inserting the bolt 7 is formed is composed of the shaped steel 11, it becomes possible to insert the bolt 7 from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2. For this reason, a part of the column 4 or the beam 5 in which the hole for inserting the bolt 7 is formed may be composed of the shaped steel 11, and the other columns 4 and beams 5 may be composed of steel pipes.

[0039] However, if all of the columns 4 and beams 5 are composed of the shaped steel 11 having the required strength as shown in the figure, in many cases, a strut for reinforcing the strength becomes unnecessary compared with the case of being composed of a steel pipe. For this reason, not only does it lead to effective use of the space inside the house 3, but also a wall for hiding the strut becomes unnecessary, and free decoration of the house 3 such as covering the entire surface with glass or opening it up becomes possible. Also, a steel material 12 such as a channel steel can be provided on the floor-side beam 5 so that the floor board can be attached. Of course, a steel material 12 such as a channel steel can also be provided on the roof-side beam 5 so that the roof can be attached.

[0040] When joining the column 4 and the beam 5, both of which are made of channel steel as shown in the figure, the ends with the same thickness direction are cut so as to have a contour inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the length direction, and they can be butted against each other and welded. In this case, the surface of the house 3 that is detachable from the foundation 2 is the lower surface at both ends of the two beams 5 on the floor side. That is, the house 3 is supported by the foundation 2 at four locations at both ends of the two beams 5 on the floor side, and is detachably fixed to the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8 at four locations at both ends of the two beams 5 on the floor side. Therefore, hereinafter, the case of mainly supporting the two beams 5 on the floor side with the foundation 2 will be described as an example.

[0041] FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an arrangement example of a plurality of foundations 2 shown in FIG. 1.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 6, the foundation 2 is arranged according to the position for supporting the house 3. Different from the case of supporting a house with a conventional foundation in which anchor bolts are embedded, in order to insert the bolt 7 from the house 3 side into the through hole or female thread on the foundation 2 side, a high positioning accuracy of the foundation 2 is required.

[0043] For this reason, it is desirable to arrange independent foundations 2 for each position supporting the house 3 without arranging two foundations having a long structure in parallel and spaced apart in the length direction of the house 3. In other words, it is preferable to provide the foundations 2 separately and independently without making them a common foundation 2 in either the length direction or the width direction of the house 3. Therefore, when the house 3 is supported at four locations, four foundations 2 are buried in the ground with their upper surfaces exposed as illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0044] If the foundation 2 is made independent in this way, it is possible to level the unevenness so that the position of the foundation 2 becomes an appropriate position while aligning the upper surface of the foundation 2 with the ground line GL. As a result, it becomes easy to insert the bolt 7 from the house 3 side into the through hole or female thread on the foundation 2 side.

[0045] FIG. 7 is an enlarged front view of each foundation 2 shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a plan view of the foundation 2 shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C of the foundation 2 shown in FIG. 7.

[0046] As shown in each figure, the foundation 2 can be configured by embedding the steel frame 13 in the reinforced concrete 14. Inside or within the steel frame 13, a gap 9 for arranging the nut 8 and holding it with a tool or the like is formed, and an insertion port 10 for inserting a tool or a hand is provided in the gap 9. Further, on the steel frame 13, a detachable surface 15 for tightening at least one of the column 4 and the beam 5 directly with the bolt 7 and the nut 8 or indirectly by sandwiching another member is formed. A through hole 16 for passing the bolt 7 is formed in the detachable surface 15 of the steel frame 13.

[0047] Then, the steel frame 13 is embedded in the reinforced concrete 14 with the detachable surface 15 exposed to the outside. In the illustrated example, a groove 17 having a substantially rectangular cross section is formed in the reinforced concrete 14 having an inverted T-shaped cross section, and a channel steel 18 having a web forming the through hole 16 as the detachable surface 15 is embedded in the groove 17 of the reinforced concrete 14 as the steel frame 13. Therefore, the open ends on both sides of the channel steel 18 can be used as the insertion port 10 for inserting a tool or a hand into the gap 9. Of course, the steel frame 13 may be composed of a steel frame having the same shape as the channel steel 18 by joining plate materials.

[0048] The steel frame 13 can be embedded in the reinforced concrete 14 as another steel frame and joined to the base plate 20 fixed to the reinforced concrete 14 by the anchor bolt 19 by welding or the like. Thereby, the steel frame 13 can be firmly fixed to the reinforced concrete 14. That is, instead of fixing the house 3 to the foundation 2 with the anchor bolt 19 embedded in the reinforced concrete 14 constituting the foundation 2, the steel frame 13 for detachably connecting the house 3 can be fixed to the foundation 2 with the anchor bolt 19.

[0049] The foundation 2 having such a structure can be manufactured by connecting the steel frame 13 such as the channel steel 18 joined to the base plate 20 by welding or the like to the anchor bolt 19 and assembling it in the same manner as the reinforcing bars, and then pouring and solidifying the concrete.

[0050] FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of the structure of the foundation 2 used when two houses 3 are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0051] As illustrated in FIG. 10, if a plurality of voids 9 are formed adjacent to each other in the foundation 2, it becomes possible to attach and detach a plurality of houses 3 adjacent to each other. Specifically, in the case where the foundation 2 is constituted by embedding the channel steel 18 in the reinforced concrete 14, two channel steels 18 can be embedded adjacent to each other in the reinforced concrete 14.

[0052] In addition, it becomes possible to arrange the houses 3 adjacent to each other in the direction in which the two channel steels 18 are adjacent to each other. Therefore, if the direction in which the two channel steels 18 are adjacent to each other is deviated from the length direction of the house 3, it becomes possible to arrange another house 3 adjacent to the house 3 in the length direction. On the other hand, if the direction in which the two channel steels 18 are adjacent to each other is deviated from the width direction of the house 3, it becomes possible to arrange another house 3 adjacent to the house 3 in the width direction.

[0053] Even when a plurality of houses 3 are arranged adjacent to each other, as described with reference to FIG. 6, it is preferable from the viewpoint of making it possible to easily insert the bolt 7 from the house 3 side toward the steel frame 13 of the foundation 2, to separately and independently provide the foundation 2 without making the foundation 2 common in either the length direction or the width direction of a single house 3. That is, since the distance between two adjacent houses 3 is short, it is possible to accept the positioning accuracy error and make the foundation 2 common, but since the distance between the support positions is long within one house 3, it is preferable to divide the foundation 2 so that the influence of the positioning accuracy error does not occur.

[0054] In addition, not limited to the foundation 2 shown in FIG. 10, for the foundation 2 shown in FIG. 6 as well, the length direction of the foundation 2 can be the width direction of the house 3. In other words, the length direction of the foundation 2 shown in FIG. 6 may be rotated by 90°.

[0055] FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the connecting portion between the beam 5 and the foundation 2 of the house 3 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 12 is a plan view of the connecting portion shown in FIG. 11.

[0056] As described above, the beam 5 of the house 3 composed of channel steel can be connected to the channel steel 18 embedded in the foundation 2 with bolts 7 and nuts 8. For this purpose, through holes 21 for passing the bolts 7 are formed at positions corresponding to the positions of the through holes 16 formed in the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the channel steel 18 on the portion of the beam 5 connected with the bolts 7 and nuts 8. In the examples shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, four through holes 16 are formed in the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the channel steel 18, and four through holes 21 are formed in the beam 5 so that the beam 5 can be connected to the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the channel steel 18 with four M16 bolts.

[0057] With such a structure, the bolts 7 can be inserted from inside the house 3 toward the steel frame 13 such as the channel steel 18 embedded in the foundation 2, and the nuts 8 can be tightened on the tips of the bolts 7 protruding into the void 9 of the steel frame 13. Also, when tightening the nuts 8 on the bolts 7, tools or hands can be inserted from the insertion port 10 of the steel frame 13 to restrain the rotation of the nuts 8, and an appropriate torque can be applied to the bolts 7 from inside the house 3 with tools such as torque wrenches. In addition, depending on the size of the house 3, female threads for tightening the bolts 7 may be formed on the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the steel frame 13 instead of the through holes 16 for passing the bolts 7. In other words, the through holes 16 for passing the bolts 7 may be female threads. More specifically, when the size of the house 3 is small and the positioning error between the through holes 21 of the beam 5 and the steel frame 13 can be ignored, female threads may be formed on the steel frame 13 to tighten the bolts 7. Conversely, when the positioning error of the steel frame 13 cannot be ignored, it is realistic to form through holes 16 in the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the steel frame 13 to absorb the positioning error as in the above-described example.

[0058] Incidentally, as described above, if the size of the house 3 is made the standardized size of an international freight container, it becomes possible to transport and convey the house 3 by ships and trucks standardized for the transport and conveyance of international freight containers. However, while international freight containers are provided with corner castings for fixing to ships and trucks, the loading platforms of ships and trucks are often equipped with casting locks for fixing the corner castings of international freight containers. For this reason, even if the size of the house 3 is the size of an international freight container, if there is no structure for connecting the house 3 to the casting lock, the house 3 cannot be connected to the casting lock.

[0059] Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 12, elongated holes 22 for fixing with a casting lock can be formed in a shaped steel 11 such as a channel steel constituting the beam 5 of the house 3. Thereby, as long as the arrangement of the elongated holes 22 for fixing with a casting lock conforms to the standard, regardless of whether the appearance of the house 3 is a container house or whether the size of the house 3 is exactly the size of an international freight container, it becomes possible to transport or convey the house 3 by a ship or truck equipped with a casting lock. That is, it becomes possible to transport or convey the house 3 using a casting lock.

[0060] Further, since the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the steel frame 13 such as the channel steel 18 is designed to be on the same plane as the ground line GL, if the lower surface of the beam 5 constituting the house 3 is brought into direct contact with the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the steel frame 13, there is a high possibility that the beam 5 will come into contact with the ground. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 11 and the like, in order for the beam 5 on the floor side of the house 3 not to contact the ground, a shim 23 with an appropriate thickness can be interposed between the lower surface side of the beam 5 on the floor side of the house 3, that is, between the beam 5 and the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the steel frame 13. Thereby, it becomes possible to form a gap with a desired distance between the beam 5 on the floor side of the house 3 and the ground.

[0061] FIG. 13 is a plan view of the shim 23 shown in FIG. 11.

[0062] When placing the shim 23 between the beam 5 and the steel frame 13, as illustrated in Fig. 13, it is practical from the perspective of stably fixing the house 3 with a casting lock to provide the shim 23 with through holes 24 for passing the bolts 7 as well and welding the shim 23 to the beam 5 or fixing the shim 23 to the beam 5 with the bolts 7 for fixing the beam 5 to the steel frame 13. Therefore, it is appropriate to form elongated holes 25 for fixing with a casting lock in the shim 23 so that the elongated holes 22 for fixing the beam 5 with a casting lock are not blocked by the shim 2. With such a structure and arrangement of the shim 23, it becomes possible to fix the beam 5 with a casting lock in the state where the shim 23 is attached and form a desired gap between the deck of a ship or a truck and the beam 5.

[0063] In addition, when connecting a plurality of houses 3 in the height direction, that is, when installing a two-story or higher mobile house 1, as illustrated in Fig. 4, if the structure at the four corners of the beam 5 on the ceiling side is made the same as the structure at the four corners of the beam 5 on the floor side for fixing to the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the steel frame 13 with bolts 7, it becomes possible to detachably connect two adjacent houses 3 in the height direction with bolts 7 and nuts 8. Even in that case, if a shim 23 is interposed between the beam 5 on the floor side of the upper house 3 and the beam 5 on the ceiling side of the lower house 3, it becomes possible to form a gap with a desired distance between two adjacent houses 3 in the height direction.

[0064] When installing the house 3 on the foundation 2 and when removing the house 3 from the foundation 2, it is necessary to use the insertion port 10 to insert a tool or hand into the gap 9 inside the foundation 2 to place or remove the nut 8. However, after installing the house 3 on the foundation 2 or after removing the house 3 from the foundation 2, it is preferable to prevent unnecessary substances such as soil, grass, insects, and rainwater from entering the gap 9 inside the foundation 2 through the insertion port 10 and the through holes 16.

[0065] Therefore, after installing the house 3 on the foundation 2 or after removing the house 3 from the foundation 2, the insertion openings 10 and the through holes 16 of the foundation 2 can be blocked. Of course, after installing the house 3 on the foundation 2 or after removing the house 3 from the foundation 2, if the possibility of unnecessary objects entering through the insertion openings 10 and the through holes 16 is low, the insertion openings 10 and the through holes 16 may be left exposed.

[0066] FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a closing member 26 for closing the insertion opening 10 of the foundation 2 after the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2, and FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a closing member 27 for closing the through hole 16 for inserting the bolt 7 together with the insertion opening 10 of the foundation 2 after the house 3 is removed from the foundation 2.

[0067] While the house 3 is connected to the foundation 2, bolts 7 are inserted into the through holes 16 formed in the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18 used as the steel frame 13 for forming the gap 9. Therefore, the through holes 16 formed in the detachable surface 15 of the channel steel 18 are in a blocked state.

[0068] On the other hand, as shown in the drawing, by making the length of the channel steel 18 shorter than the length of the groove 17 of the reinforced concrete 14, even if the foundation 2 is buried underground so that the upper surface of the foundation 2 becomes the ground line GL, when the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 are to be opened, after the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2, the insertion openings 10 will remain open.

[0069] Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 14, the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 can be blocked by the detachable closing member 26 on the foundation 2. More specifically, two brackets 26B having an L-shaped cross section detachably connected by screws 26A so as not to interfere with the tips of the bolts 7 and the nuts 8 existing in the gap 9 within the channel steel 18 can constitute a closing member 26 for blocking the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18.

[0070] And by closing the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 with the closing member 26, it is possible to prevent unnecessary objects from entering the void 9 inside the channel steel 18. Incidentally, after closing the insertion openings 10 with the closing member 26, the recess in the foundation 2 that occurs above the closing member 26 may be temporarily filled with packing such as soil or a buffer material, and the packing may be removed when removing the closing member 26.

[0071] On the other hand, after removing the house 3 from the foundation 2, not only the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 but also the through holes 16 formed in the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the channel steel 18 are exposed to the outside. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 15, with a closing member 27 that can be attached to and detached from the foundation 2, it is possible to close the insertion openings 10 formed at both ends of the channel steel 18 and also the through holes 16 formed in the attachment / detachment surface 15 of the channel steel 18.

[0072] The closing member 27 illustrated in FIG. 15 is a single plate material having a simple structure formed into a cap shape according to the shape of the channel steel 18 so that the entire channel steel 18 can be covered from above. Therefore, by fitting the closing member 27 into the channel steel 18, the insertion openings 10 and the through holes 16 can be closed. Regarding the recess in the foundation 2 that occurs above the closing member 27 after closing the insertion openings 10 and the through holes 16 with the closing member 27, it may also be filled with packing such as soil or a buffer material, and the packing may be removed when removing the closing member 27 in order to reinstall the house 3 on the foundation 2.

[0073] Incidentally, the length of the channel steel 18 may be made approximately the same as the length of the groove 17 of the reinforced concrete 14. In that case, it is necessary to dig the soil near both ends of the channel steel 18 to open the insertion openings 10 to the outside. Also, regardless of the length of the channel steel 18, another steel frame component such as a steel pipe may be connected to both ends of the channel steel 18, and the insertion openings 10 may be formed at desired positions of the connected steel frame components, or the channel steel 18 itself may be replaced with a steel pipe, a box-shaped member, etc. to form the insertion openings 10 at desired positions.

[0074] Even when both ends of the channel steel 18 are not used as the insertion ports 10, it is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing unnecessary objects from entering the gap 9 inside the steel frame 13 to enable the insertion ports 10 formed in the steel frame 13 to be closed by a closing member. Therefore, the insertion ports 10 may be provided in the steel frame 13 facing upward, and the insertion ports 10 may be closed by a closing member configured to be openable and closable, such as a door or a lid that opens and closes with a hinge or a door that opens and closes by sliding the lid.

[0075] (Installation method of mobile house) When installing the mobile house 1, a plurality of foundations 2 are buried in advance at the location where the house 3 is to be installed as illustrated in FIG. 6. When a plurality of houses 3 are arranged adjacent to each other, as the foundation 2 for supporting the two adjacent houses 3 at the adjacent part, instead of the foundation 2 having one gap 9 formed inside as illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9, the foundation 2 having two gaps 9 formed inside as illustrated in FIG. 10 is used. Also, when the house 3 is sequentially installed while being moved to different locations, a plurality of foundations 2 are buried at each location.

[0076] In addition to the through holes 16 for connecting the house 3 with bolts 7 and nuts 8 and the gaps 9, insertion ports 10 for inserting tools or hands into the gaps 9 are formed in the foundation 2. Therefore, a closing member 27 as illustrated in FIG. 15 can be placed on the foundation 2 so that unnecessary objects such as soil do not enter the gaps 9 inside the foundation 2.

[0077] When installing a certain house 3 on the foundation 2 buried at a certain location, after removing the closing member 27 from the foundation 2, at least one of the columns 4 and beams 5 constituting the house 3 is tightened to the foundation 2 with removable bolts 7 and nuts 8 as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 etc. Thereby, the house 3 can be supported by the foundation 2 in a detachable manner.

[0078] At this time, since the gap 9 is formed inside the foundation 2, the house 3 can be installed on the foundation 2 by arranging the head of the bolt 7 or the nut 8 in the gap 9 inside the foundation 2. Also, a tool or a hand can be inserted through the insertion port 10 to tighten the bolt 7 and the nut 8. In particular, if the column 4 or the beam 5 to be tightened to the foundation 2 is composed of the section steel 11, the house 3 can be installed on the foundation 2 by inserting the bolt 7 from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2 while arranging the nut 8 in the gap 9 inside the foundation 2.

[0079] After the house 3 is installed on the foundation 2, the insertion port 10 can be blocked with a closing member 26 as illustrated in FIG. 14 so that unnecessary substances such as soil do not enter the gap 9 of the foundation 2 from the insertion port 10.

[0080] On the other hand, when removing the house 3 installed on the foundation 2 from the foundation 2, after the closing member 26 is removed from the foundation 2, the bolt 7 and the nut 8 are loosened and removed. Also when loosening the bolt 7 and the nut 8, the work can be carried out by inserting a tool or a hand through the insertion port 10. Since the bolt 7 and the nut 8 are completely removed to remove the house 3 from the foundation 2, the tip of the bolt 7 does not protrude like an anchor bolt from the foundation 2 after the house 3 is removed from the foundation 2.

[0081] Therefore, after the house 3 is removed, the foundation 2 can be covered again with a closing member 27 as illustrated in FIG. 15. Then, the user of the mobile house 1 can effectively use the area where the foundation 2 is buried after the house 3 is removed for a desired purpose such as a parking lot or a square.

[0082] On the other hand, the house 3 after being removed from the foundation 2 can be moved to another place where the foundation 2 is buried and installed in the same manner. At this time, as illustrated in FIG. 12, if a long hole 22 for fixing with a casting lock for connecting an international cargo container is formed in the beam 5 constituting the floor side of the house 3, the house 3 can be transported or carried by a ship or a truck equipped with a casting lock.

[0083] In this way, after embedding the foundation 2 at different locations respectively, installing the house 3 on one of the foundations 2 embedded at different locations, and then installing it on another foundation 2 among the plurality of foundations 2, the house 3 can be sequentially installed at different locations while being moved.

[0084] (Effect) The above-described mobile house 1, the installation method of the mobile house 1, and the foundation 2 for the mobile house 1 are configured to be detachable by bolts 7 and nuts 8 by which the house 3 can be removed. For this reason, according to the mobile house 1, the installation method of the mobile house 1, and the foundation 2 for the mobile house 1, not only can the house 3 be easily moved, but also there is no need to project the male thread of the anchor bolt from the foundation 2, so that the effective use of the land while the house 3 is not installed can be achieved. That is, while the house 3 such as a container house can be easily moved, the convenience can be improved.

[0085] In particular, if the column 4 or beam 5 of the house 3 to be fastened to the foundation 2 is composed of a shaped steel 11 such as a channel steel, the bolt 7 can be inserted and turned from inside the house 3 toward the foundation 2, so that the detaching and attaching work of the bolt 7 and the nut 8 can be facilitated.

[0086] (Second Embodiment) FIG. 16 is a front view showing a structure at a connecting portion between the house 3 and the foundation 2 of the mobile house 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D of the connecting portion shown in FIG. 16.

[0087] In the mobile house 1A according to the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the beam 5 is made of H-shaped steel, and the structure at the connecting portion on the house 3 side connected to the foundation 2 is different from that of the mobile house 1 in the first embodiment. Regarding other configurations and operations of the mobile house 1A in the second embodiment, since they are substantially the same as those of the mobile house 1 in the first embodiment, only the connecting portion between the house 3 and the foundation 2 is illustrated, and the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding configurations and the description thereof is omitted.

[0088] The thickness of the angle steel is not uniform, and the center is thicker. Therefore, the joining strength is improved when welding the H-shaped steel and the angle steel compared to the case of welding the angle steels together. In addition, the amount of deflection of the H-shaped steel is smaller than that of the angle steel.

[0089] Therefore, the beam 5 can be made of H-shaped steel instead of angle steel. When the beam 5 is made of H-shaped steel, the amount of deflection of the beam 5 can be reduced when the house 3 is lifted by a crane. For this reason, even when brittle glass with poor ductility and malleability is attached to the house 3, there is an advantage that the risk of the glass cracking can be sufficiently reduced.

[0090] When the beam 5 is made of H-shaped steel, two beams 5 made of H-shaped steel and a column 4 made of angle steel can be joined by a connecting member 30, and the connecting member 30 can be attached to and detached from the foundation 2. In that case, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17, the connecting member 30 can have a structure in which an angle steel 30B with its length direction vertical is sandwiched between two upper and lower plates 30A with their thickness directions vertical. The two plates 30A and the angle steel 30B can be joined by welding.

[0091] Thereby, the end faces of the flanges of the H-shaped steel constituting the two beams 5 arranged so that their length directions are perpendicular to each other and the end face of the angle steel constituting the column 4 can be welded to the plate 30A of the connecting member 30, respectively. Note that the beam 5 and the column 4 can be joined using a connecting member having a similar structure also on the roof side.

[0092] When joining the beam 5 on the floor side and the column 4 with the connecting member 30, the connecting member 30 can be attached to and detached from the foundation 2. Specifically, through holes 21 for inserting bolts 7 can be formed in the lower plate 30A. In addition, elongated holes 22 for fixing with a casting lock for fixing the corner casting of the container can also be formed in the lower plate 30A.

[0093] Also, if the angle steel 30B constituting the connecting member 30 is arranged such that the mountain side is inside the house 3, the through holes 21 for inserting the bolts 7 are exposed outside the house 3. For this reason, it is possible to insert tools such as a wrench or a hand from outside the house 3 to apply torque to the nut 8 or the bolt 7 or to prevent the rotation of the nut 8 or the bolt 7.

[0094] In addition, the length of the bolt 7 for connecting the plate 30A of the connecting member 30 to the channel steel 18 of the foundation 2 is such that it covers the thickness obtained by overlapping the web of the channel steel 18 with a shim 23 sandwiched between plates 30A having a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the flange of the H-shaped steel constituting the beam 5 of the house 3. As a result, the length of the bolt 7 becomes sufficiently shorter than the interval between the two plates 30A as illustrated in Fig. 16, and it becomes possible to insert the bolt 7 from the house 3 side toward the foundation 2. Of course, the bolt 7 may also be inserted from the foundation 2 side toward the house 3.

[0095] Also, in the examples shown in Figs. 16 and 17, the angle steel constituting the column 4 is also arranged at a corresponding position in the same orientation as the angle steel 30B constituting the connecting member 30. For this reason, the load transmitted in the vertical direction from the column 4 to the upper plate 30A can be received by the angle steel 30B constituting the connecting member 30.

[0096] The connecting part for connecting the house 3 to the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8 can also be constituted by the connecting member 30 without forming it at the end of the beam 5 or the column 4 itself. And if at least a part of the connecting part for connecting the house 3 to the foundation 2 with the bolts 7 and nuts 8 is constituted by the angle steel, it becomes possible to insert the bolt 7 from the side of the house 3 toward the foundation 2.

[0097] According to the above-described second embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those of the first embodiment, the effect that the strength and rigidity of the house 3 can be improved is obtained. For this reason, it becomes possible to lift the house 3 with a crane while attaching an easily breakable object such as glass to the house 3.

[0098] (Other embodiments) Although specific embodiments have been described above, the described embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the invention. The novel methods and apparatuses described herein can be embodied in various other modes. Also, in the modes of the methods and apparatuses described herein, various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. The appended claims and their equivalents are intended to include such various modes and modifications as being within the scope and gist of the invention.

Explanation of reference numerals

[0099] 1, 1A Mobile house 2 Foundation 3 House 4 Column 5 Beam 6 Panel 6A Projection 7 Bolt 8 Nut 9 Gap 10 Insertion port 11 Section steel 12 Steel material 13 Steel frame 14 Reinforced concrete 15 Detachable surface 16 Through hole 17 Groove 18 Channel steel 19 Anchor bolt 20 Base plate 21 Through hole 22 Elongated hole 23 Shim 24 Through hole 25 Elongated hole 26 Closing member 26A Screw 26B Bracket 27 Closing member 30 Connecting member 30A Plate 30B Angle steel GL Ground line

Claims

1. A house composed of at least columns and beams, and a foundation that removably supports the house by directly or indirectly tightening at least one of the columns and the beams with removable bolts and nuts, forming a void inside for arranging the head of the removable bolt or the nut, and providing an insertion port for inserting a tool or a hand into the void to tighten the removable bolt and the nut. It has The foundation is Reinforced concrete, A channel steel that forms the void inside and has open ends on both sides as the insertion ports, and a web formed with a through hole or a female thread for passing the removable bolt is exposed to the outside of the foundation toward the house side and embedded in the reinforced concrete. A base plate made of a steel frame joined to the channel steel by welding and embedded in the reinforced concrete. An anchor bolt embedded in the reinforced concrete and fixing the base plate to the reinforced concrete, and the anchor bolt is connected to the base plate by being tightened with a nut outside the void. A mobile house having the above.

2. The house is a connecting part for connecting the house to the foundation with the removable bolts and nuts, and has a connecting part formed with a through hole for inserting the removable bolts. At least a part of the connecting part is composed of a channel steel, and by arranging the channel steel so that the mountain side of the channel steel is inside the house, a tool or a hand can be inserted from the outside of the house to apply torque to the nut or the removable bolt or to prevent the rotation of the nut or the removable bolt. The mobile house according to Claim 1.

3. A first closing member that closes the insertion ports opened at both ends of the channel steel after the house is installed on the foundation, and the first closing member is detachably configured on the foundation. A second closing member that closes the through hole or the female thread formed in the web of the channel steel together with the insertion ports opened at both ends of the channel steel after the house is removed from the foundation, and the second closing member is detachably configured on the foundation. The mobile house according to Claim 1, further having the above.

4. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the house is made into a container house having the appearance of a marine container by attaching a panel having the appearance of a marine container to at least one of the column and the beam.

5. A method of installing the mobile house according to any one of claims 1 to 4, A method of installing a mobile house in which the house is installed on the foundation by disposing the head of the bolt or the nut in the gap.

6. A plurality of sets of the foundations for installing the house at different locations are buried, and after the house is installed on and removed from one set of the foundations buried at the different locations, the house is transported and installed on another set of the foundations among the plurality of sets of the foundations, whereby the house is sequentially installed at the different locations. The method of installing the mobile house according to claim 5.

7. A foundation for a mobile house that detachably supports the house by directly or indirectly fastening at least one of the column and the beam of the house composed of at least a column and a beam with removable bolts and nuts, A gap for disposing the head of the removable bolt or the nut is formed inside, and an insertion port for inserting a tool or a hand into the gap for fastening the removable bolt and the nut is provided, Reinforced concrete, A channel steel that forms the gap inside and has open ends on both sides as the insertion ports, and a web formed with a through hole or an internal thread for passing the removable bolt is exposed to the outside of the foundation toward the house side and buried in the reinforced concrete. Channel steel, A base plate made of a steel frame joined to the channel steel by welding and embedded in the reinforced concrete, An anchor bolt that is buried in the reinforced concrete and fixes the base plate to the reinforced concrete, and is connected to the base plate by being tightened with a nut outside the gap. Anchor bolt, A foundation for a mobile house having.

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