Air spring and railway vehicle

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an air spring including an upper cover, a lower cover including a cover plate arranged opposite the upper cover with a gap therebetween and a support connected below the cover plate, a diaphragm arranged between the cover plate and the upper cover, a base connected to the support, an electromagnetic levitation module including first and second coils that can be energized, a detection module including a first load sensor configured to detect a vertical load received by the air spring and a first height sensor configured to detect a height difference, and an electromagnetic control module electrically connected to the electromagnetic levitation module and the detection module respectively, configured to receive a detection signal from the detection module, and control the electromagnetic levitation module in accordance with the detection signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 202110294179.6, entitled "Electromagnetic levitation air spring and rail vehicle", filed on March 19, 2021, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application belongs to the technical field of vibration prevention of railway vehicles, and particularly relates to air springs and railway vehicles.

Background Art

[0003] An air spring is installed between the car body and the bogie, transmits vertical load, lateral load, torque, etc., absorbs vertical and lateral vibrations, provides a horizontal restoring force, and has a great influence on the stability and comfort of the vehicle.

[0004] In the prior art, since the air spring usually adopts the diaphragm method connected in series with the auxiliary spring, the vibration prevention effect is achieved by the air compression in the diaphragm and the rubber deformation of the auxiliary spring. The air spring mainly includes an upper cover, a diaphragm, and an auxiliary spring. The upper cover is arranged below the car body or bolster to achieve sealing and load transmission. The auxiliary spring is located below the diaphragm. In the state where the air spring is normally inflated, the diaphragm plays a major role in vibration prevention. The performance of the air spring mainly depends on the performance of the diaphragm. The auxiliary spring is used in an emergency state when the air spring contracts. Since the vibration prevention mode of the air spring adopting the diaphragm method connected in series with the auxiliary spring is a passive vibration prevention mode that absorbs vibrations, the vibration prevention performance is poor. Also, because the auxiliary spring is in a certain operating state, the load supported by the auxiliary spring changes greatly, the service life is short, and it has a serious impact on the operating reliability of the vehicle.

Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of some of the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present application provides a pneumatic spring capable of improving the stability of a vehicle.

[0006] The pneumatic spring includes an upper cover, a cover plate disposed opposite to the upper cover with a gap therebetween, and a lower cover including a support portion connected below the cover plate. a diaphragm disposed between the cover plate and the upper cover to form an air chamber, a base movably connected to the support portion, and an electromagnetic levitation module including an energizable first coil and a second coil. The first coil is mounted on the support portion, the second coil is disposed on the base, and the first coil and the second coil generate a magnetic field and form an electromagnetic force after being energized. The current of the first coil and / or the second coil is adjustable so that the support portion and the base can move relative to each other.

[0007] Furthermore, the pneumatic spring includes a detection module including a first load sensor configured to detect a vertical load supported by the pneumatic spring and a first height sensor configured to detect a vertical height difference of the pneumatic spring. an electromagnetic control module including at least one processor, a memory, and at least one program, wherein the at least one program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the at least one program. The at least one program includes instructions for receiving and storing real-time acquisition data from the first load sensor and the first height sensor, instructions for determining whether the vertical load and the height difference have changed according to the acquired and stored data, instructions for calculating a corresponding electromagnetic force change value according to the changes in the vertical load and the height difference, and instructions for adjusting the magnitude or direction of the current of the first coil and / or the second coil according to the calculated electromagnetic force change value.

[0008] More specifically, the air spring includes an upper cover, a lower cover including a cover plate oppositely disposed at an interval from the upper cover, and a support portion connected below the cover plate, and a hollow interior of the support portion and the cover plate forming a first accommodation chamber, a diaphragm disposed between the cover plate and the upper cover to form an air chamber, a base portion with a sleeve attached to the outside of the support portion, an electromagnetic levitation module including a first energizable coil and a second coil, the first coil being disposed in the first accommodation chamber and the second coil having a sleeve attached to the outside of the base portion, a detection module including a first load sensor disposed on the upper cover and configured to detect a vertical load supported by the air spring, and a first height sensor configured to detect a height difference between the upper cover and the bottom of the base portion, an electromagnetic control module electrically connected to the electromagnetic levitation module and the detection module respectively, receiving a detection signal from the detection module, and configured to control the electromagnetic levitation module according to the detection signal.

[0009] Optionally, the control of the electromagnetic levitation module by the electromagnetic control module mainly involves controlling the magnitude or direction of the current of the first coil and / or the second coil.

[0010] Optionally, the electromagnetic control module includes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and the program includes instructions for receiving data acquired in real time by the first load sensor and the first height sensor and storing the data, instructions for determining whether the vertical load and the height difference have changed according to the acquired and stored data, instructions for calculating a corresponding electromagnetic force change value according to the changes in the vertical load and the height difference, and instructions for adjusting the magnitude or direction of the current of the first coil and / or the second coil according to the calculated electromagnetic force change value.

[0011] Optionally, the air spring further includes an auxiliary spring, and the auxiliary spring includes a first rubber pad disposed in the air chamber and detachably fixed to the cover plate.

[0012] Optionally, the auxiliary spring further includes a second rubber pad, a first mounting member is disposed on the support portion, a second accommodation chamber is formed between the base portion and the first mounting member, and the second rubber pad is disposed in the second accommodation chamber.

[0013] Optionally, the detection module further includes a second load sensor and a second height sensor. The first mounting member is disposed above the base portion, the first mounting member is connected to the cover plate, the second load sensor is disposed on the base portion and contacts the second rubber pad, and the second height sensor is configured to measure the height difference between the cover plate and the upper portion of the base portion.

[0014] Optionally, the auxiliary spring further includes a third rubber pad, a second mounting member is disposed on the support portion, the second mounting member is disposed below the base portion, the base portion and the second mounting member together form a third accommodation chamber, and the third rubber pad is disposed in the third accommodation chamber.

[0015] Or optionally, the auxiliary spring further includes a second rubber pad, a first mounting member is movably connected to the support portion, a second accommodation chamber is formed between the base portion and the first mounting member, the second rubber pad is located in the second accommodation chamber, the upper portion of the second rubber pad is fixedly connected to the first mounting member, and the lower portion of the second rubber pad is fixedly connected to the base portion. Optionally, the auxiliary spring further includes a third rubber pad, a second mounting member is movably connected to the support portion, the second mounting member is disposed below the base portion, the base portion and the second mounting member together form a third accommodation chamber, the third rubber pad is located in the third accommodation chamber, the upper portion of the third rubber pad is fixedly connected to the base portion, and the lower portion of the third rubber pad is fixedly connected to the second mounting member.

[0016] Alternatively, optionally, the detection module includes a third load sensor, the third mounting member is disposed on the support portion and located below the base, a fourth rubber pad is disposed between the base and the third mounting member, the third load sensor is disposed on the third mounting member and contacts the fourth rubber pad, and the third height sensor is configured to measure the height difference between the cover plate and the bottom of the base.

[0017] Optionally, the auxiliary spring further includes a fifth rubber pad spaced below the support portion, and the fifth rubber pad is connected to the carriage via a mounting seat. The first distance between the support portion and the fifth rubber pad is smaller than the second distance between the cover plate and the base.

[0018] Optionally, a support seat is connected above the first rubber pad, and a friction piece having a friction force smaller than that of the first rubber pad is disposed above the support seat.

[0019] The second aspect of the present application provides a railway vehicle including the air spring described above. Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and positive effects. 1. The air spring provided in at least one embodiment of the present application has an active vibration isolation function, and can realize an active vibration isolation function in the vertical direction through the logical calculation of the electromagnetic control module. As a result, the vertical vibration of the vehicle body is finally controlled. 2. The air spring provided in at least one embodiment of the present application has almost all the characteristics of the conventional air spring and is more advantageous than the conventional air spring. In the horizontal direction, under the cooperative action of the electromagnetic force, the diaphragm and the second rubber pad, the torsional load in the horizontal direction is transmitted and the torsional displacement in the horizontal direction is supported. In addition, the first height sensor can replace the height valve in the prior art to control the expansion and contraction of the diaphragm. 3. The air spring provided in at least one embodiment of the present application has a safety design function in the failure mode, and can support the load by connecting the first rubber pad and the third rubber pad or the first rubber pad and the second rubber pad in series, and has lower rigidity and better vibration isolation effect. 4. In the air spring provided in at least one embodiment of the present application, the auxiliary spring has high reliability. Only the second rubber pad operates in the normal state and acts in cooperation with the electromagnetic force, so the load change is small. The first rubber pad and the third rubber pad support the load in the failure state and do not support the load in the normal state. The auxiliary spring has the characteristics of long life and low failure rate.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0021] In the figure, 1 upper cover, 2 lower cover, 21 cover plate, 22 support part, 221 first accommodation chamber, 222 groove, 3 diaphragm, 31 air chamber, 4 base, 41 support part, 411 first mounting member, 412 second mounting member, 413 third mounting member, 51 first coil, 52 second coil, 61 first load sensor, 62 first height sensor, 63 second load sensor, 64 second height sensor, 65 third load sensor, 66 third height sensor, 71 first rubber pad, 72 second rubber pad, 73 third rubber pad, 74 fourth rubber pad, 75 fifth rubber pad, 76 mounting seat, 8 friction plate, 9 support seat.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0022] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the elements, structures, and features in one embodiment can also be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments without further explanation.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be noted that terms such as "first" and "second" are used only for explanatory purposes and cannot be understood as indicating relative importance, implying, or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features shown. Therefore, the features defined by "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.

[0024] In the description of this application, terms such as "upper" and "lower" indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the description of the orientation connected to the vehicle shown in FIG. 1 for the convenience of explaining this application and for a simplified description. However, it should be noted that they do not indicate or suggest that the mentioned device or element must be in a specific orientation and must be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "connected", "connecting", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense unless specifically specified and limited. For example, they may be fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections, may be direct connections, indirect connections through intermediate media, or internal connections of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood under specific circumstances.

[0026] The first embodiment of this application provides an air spring, and the air spring includes an upper cover 1, a cover plate 21 disposed opposite to the upper cover 1 with a space therebetween, a lower cover 2 including a support portion 22 connected below the cover plate 21, A diaphragm 3 disposed between a cover plate 21 and an upper cover 1 and forming an air chamber 31 together with the upper cover 1 and the cover plate 21, A base 4 movably connected vertically to a support portion 22. For example, a sleeve is attached to the support portion 22, and the base 4 is connected to a carriage such that an air spring is positioned between the vehicle body and the carriage. The base 4, An electromagnetic levitation module including an energizable first coil 51 and a second coil 52. The first coil 51 is attached to the support portion 22, the second coil 52 is disposed on the base 4, and the energized first coil 51 and second coil 52 can generate a magnetic field for forming an electromagnetic force that repels or attracts each other. The current of the first coil 51 and / or the current of the second coil 52 are adjustable so that the support portion 22 and the base 4 can move relative to each other to obtain a vibration isolation effect.

[0027] More specifically, the air spring is The upper cover 1, A cover plate 21 disposed opposite to the upper cover with a space therebetween, a support portion 22 connected below the cover plate 21, and a hollow interior of the support portion 22 forming a first accommodation chamber 221 together with the cover plate 21, including a lower cover, A diaphragm 3 disposed between the cover plate 21 and the upper cover 1 and forming an air chamber 31 together with the upper cover 1 and the cover plate 21, A base 4 with a sleeve attached to the outside of the support portion 22 and connected to a carriage, Including an energizable first coil 51 and a second coil 52. The first coil 51 is disposed in the first accommodation chamber 221, and a sleeve is attached to the outside of the second coil 52 on the base 4. After energization, the first coil 51 and the second coil 52 generate a magnetic field for forming an electromagnetic force, an electromagnetic levitation module, A first load sensor 61 disposed on the upper cover 1 and configured to detect a vertical load Fz1 supported by the air spring, and a first height sensor 62 configured to detect a height difference H1 between the upper cover 1 and the bottom of the base 4 as shown in FIG. 1, including a detection module, An electromagnetic control module that is electrically connected to the electromagnetic levitation module and the detection module respectively, receives a detection signal from the detection module, and is configured to control the electromagnetic levitation module according to the detection signal.

[0028] According to the vertical load before and after the change and the height difference H1 before and after the change detected by the detection module, the electromagnetic control module mainly adjusts the magnitude or direction of the current of the first coil 51 and / or the second coil 52, or expands or contracts the diaphragm 3 to cancel the up or down vibration caused by the change of the vertical load and the change of the height difference H1. Through the logical calculation of the electromagnetic control module, an active anti-vibration function can be realized, and the vertical vibration of the vehicle body can be avoided to a certain extent.

[0029] More specifically, the electromagnetic control module includes at least one processor, a memory, and at least one program. At least one program is stored in the memory and is configured to be executed by at least one program. At least one program includes

[0030] Instructions for receiving and storing real-time acquisition data from the first load sensor 61 and the first height sensor 62. Instructions for determining whether the vertical load Fz1 and the height difference H1 have changed according to the received and stored data. Instructions for calculating the corresponding electromagnetic force change value according to the changes of the vertical load Fz1 and the height difference H1. Instructions for adjusting the magnitude or direction of the current of the first coil 51 and / or the second coil 52 according to the calculated electromagnetic force change value.

[0031] The electromagnetic control module may also include a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. The program includes instructions for receiving data acquired in real time by the first load sensor 61 and the first height sensor 62 and storing the data; instructions for determining whether the vertical load Fz1 and the height difference H1 have changed according to the received and stored data; instructions for calculating a corresponding electromagnetic force change value according to the changes in the vertical load Fz1 and the height difference H1; and instructions for adjusting the magnitude or direction of the current of the first coil 51 and / or the second coil 52 according to the calculated electromagnetic force change value.

[0032] Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, the groove 222 is circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the first accommodating chamber 221, and the first coil 51 is arranged in the groove 222, whereby the support portion 22 can move together with the first coil 51. A support portion 41 is provided at the bottom of the base portion 4. Since the second coil 52 is sleeved outside the base portion 4 and is located on the support portion 41, the support portion 41 can limit the second coil 52. In this embodiment, the vertical load supported by the air spring is basically supported by the mutually repulsive electromagnetic force formed by the magnetic field generated by the first coil 51 and the second coil 52 after energization, or is supported by the diaphragm 3. Since the electromagnetic force is in series with the diaphragm 3, the vertical load supported by the electromagnetic force is the same as the vertical load supported by the diaphragm 3. It is easily understood that the first load sensor 61 is a pressure sensor. When the vehicle body is stationary, the vertical load detected by the first load sensor 61 is the self-weight of the vehicle body. When the vehicle body is moving, the detected load is the self-weight of the vehicle body and the dynamic load generated on the vehicle body during vibration (which may be referred to as the self-weight and dynamic load of the vehicle body respectively). Specifically, when the carriage vibrates up and down, the position of the base portion 4 changes, so the height difference H1 changes. The change in the position of the base portion 4 causes a change in the magnetic field strength and a change in the magnetic force at the position of the first coil 51, tending to cause vertical vibration of the air spring. At this time, the load detected by the first load sensor 61 is the self-weight and dynamic load of the vehicle body. To eliminate the load change supported by the first coil 51, the electromagnetic control module receives the load Fz1 detected by the first load sensor 61 and calculates to obtain the dynamic load generated, and changes the magnetic field strength at the position of the first coil 51 by adjusting the magnitude of the current of the second coil 52 (the current direction can be adjusted if necessary), or changes the electromagnetic force received by the first coil 51 by adjusting the magnitude of the current of the first coil 51 to control the electromagnetic levitation module. As a result, the electromagnetic force of the magnetic field increases or decreases to cancel the dynamic load, and the position of the first coil 51 finally remains unchanged. Thereby, the air spring does not vibrate vertically, and the vehicle body does not vibrate vertically.That is, after the bogie vibrates, the height of the vehicle body is almost the same as the height of the vehicle body before vibration, and the passengers do not feel the vibration.

[0033] On the other hand, since the expandable diaphragm 3 above the air spring has anti-vibration and damping effects, it will not cause instantaneous vibration of the vehicle body at the moment of data acquisition and transmission of the detection module and logical calculation and command issuance of the electromagnetic control module.

[0034] Next, when the vehicle body is located above the upper cover 1, the carriage is located below the base 4, and the wheels are located below the carriage and in contact with the ground, the influence of the vibration of the carriage on the air spring and the vehicle body will be described. When the wheel encounters a depression during movement, since the wheel moves the carriage and the base 4 downward, the height difference H1 between the base 4 and the cover plate 21 increases and the dynamic load decreases. During the descent, since the second coil 52 descends together with the base 4, the magnetic force applied to the first coil 51 weakens, and the first coil 51 tends to descend. Assuming that the first coil 51 descends directly, since the first coil 51 will inevitably cause the lower cover 2 and the upper cover 1 to descend, the vehicle body will also descend, and the passenger will feel a down-bump. To avoid the descent of the vehicle body, when the detection module detects the changes in the height difference H1 and the dynamic load through logical calculation and command transmission, the electromagnetic control module can control the second coil 52 to increase the current so that the first coil 51 stays in its original position and does not descend, or increase the magnetic field strength in the first coil 51. Alternatively, the electromagnetic control module can control the first coil 51 to increase the current and increase the generated electromagnetic force, so that the first coil 51 can stay in its original position. Therefore, the lower cover 2, the upper cover 1, and the vehicle body are not lowered, and the bump is avoided. Similarly, when the wheel encounters a protrusion during movement, since the wheel moves the carriage and the base 4 upward, the height difference H1 between the base 4 and the cover plate 21 decreases and the dynamic load increases. During the upward movement, since the second coil 52 moves upward together with the base 4, the magnetic force applied to the first coil 51 increases, and the first coil 51 tends to rise. Assuming that the first coil 51 rises directly, since the first coil 51 will inevitably cause the lower cover 2 and the upper cover 1 to rise, the vehicle body will also rise, and the passenger will feel an up-bump.To avoid the rise of the vehicle body, when the detection module detects the change in the height difference H1 and the dynamic load through logical calculation and command transmission, the electromagnetic control module can control the second coil 52 to reduce the current so that the first coil 51 stays in its original position without rising, and the magnetic field strength in the first coil 51 can be reduced. Or the electromagnetic control module can control the first coil 51 to reduce the current and reduce the generated electromagnetic force, so that the first coil 51 can stay in its original position. Therefore, the lower cover 2, the upper cover 1, and the vehicle body are not lifted, and the bump is avoided. In the above two methods, when the wheel and the carriage hit the bump, the vehicle body can be kept at almost the same height, and the passengers will not feel the bump.

[0035] By constituting the auxiliary spring, the air spring can also be designed for safety in the failure mode. As shown in FIG. 2, the auxiliary spring includes a first rubber pad 71 disposed in the air chamber 31 and detachably fixed to the cover plate 21. Specifically, the first rubber pad 71 may be fixedly attached to the cover plate 21 via bolts. A support seat 9 is connected above the first rubber pad 71, and a friction plate 8 is disposed above the support seat 9. The friction plate 8 is made of a polymer material such as polytetrafluoroethylene or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The friction coefficient of the friction plate 8 is much smaller than that of the first rubber pad 71. In the emergency state where the diaphragm 3 contracts, since the first rubber pad 71 only supports the load, a certain vibration damping effect can be obtained. The arrangement of the friction plate 8 improves the wear resistance of the first rubber pad 71 and ensures that the air spring can still slide horizontally due to the small frictional force of the friction plate 8 when the diaphragm contracts.

[0036] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, the auxiliary spring further includes a second rubber pad 72. A first mounting member 411 is disposed on the support portion 22, and a second accommodation chamber is formed between the base portion 4 and the first mounting member 411, and the second rubber pad 72 is disposed in the second accommodation chamber. Preferably, the first mounting member 411 is disposed above the base portion 4, the first mounting member 411 is connected to the cover plate 21, the second rubber pad 72 is disposed in the second accommodation chamber, and contacts the first mounting member 411 and the base portion 4 respectively. The detection module further includes a second load sensor 63 and a second height sensor 63. The second load sensor 63 is a pressure sensor disposed on the base portion 4 and contacting the second rubber pad 72. The second height sensor 64 is configured to measure the height difference H2 between the cover plate 21 and the upper portion of the base portion 4. Optionally, the second rubber pad 72 is pre-pressed to support the vertical load in the series connection direction together with the diaphragm 3 and the electromagnetic levitation module between the first mounting member 411 and the base portion 4.

[0037] The second rubber pad 72 is connected to the cover plate 21 via the first mounting member 411. Therefore, in the normal operating state, the load is jointly supported by the electromagnetic force provided by the electromagnetic levitation module, by the diaphragm 3, and by the second rubber pad 72. Since the second rubber pad 72 shares part of the vertical load, the required electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic levitation module can be smaller. As a result, the number of turns or the magnitude of the current of the first coil 51 and / or the second coil 52 can be reduced, and the electromagnetic levitation module can be controlled more conveniently and accurately. In this embodiment, the load Fz2 detected by the second load sensor 63 is also the self-weight and dynamic load of the vehicle body. The second height sensor 64 detects the height difference H2 between the cover plate 21 and the base 4. When the carriage vibrates up and down and the position of the base 4 changes, the height difference H2 also changes, and the magnetic field strength at the position of the first coil 51 changes. Since the electromagnetic force received by the first coil 51 changes, vertical vibration of the air spring occurs. Similarly, the electromagnetic control module obtains the dynamic load generated by receiving and calculating the load Fz2 detected by the second load sensor 63, and controls the electromagnetic levitation module by changing the electromagnetic force received by the first coil 51 by adjusting the magnitude of the current of the second coil 52 or the first coil 51 so as to cancel the generated dynamic load, so that the vehicle body does not vibrate vertically. That is, the height of the vehicle body hardly changes. The analysis principle is the same as that of the foregoing embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0038] Further, the auxiliary spring may further include a third rubber pad 73. A second mounting member 412 is disposed on the support portion 22. The second mounting member 412 is disposed below the base 4. A third accommodation chamber is formed between the second mounting member 412 and the base 4, and the third rubber pad 34 is disposed in the third accommodation chamber.

[0039] For example, the arrangement mode of the auxiliary spring including the first rubber pad 71, the second rubber pad 72, and the third rubber pad 73 may be applied to the safety design in the failure mode. When the air spring is in an extreme failure state where the diaphragm 3 contracts and the electromagnetic control module also fails (for example, the electromagnetic force is insufficient), the load is supported by the first rubber pad 71 and the second rubber pad 72 in the same manner as the operation mode of the conventional air spring. When the vehicle needs to travel at a limited speed, since the first rubber pad 71 and the second rubber pad 72 operate in series, the rigidity is lower than that of the conventional rubber pad, and the vibration isolation performance is better than that of the conventional rubber pad. The third rubber pad 73 serves to limit the displacement upward in the vertical direction. When the electromagnetic control module is in the failure mode (that is, the electromagnetic force is too large), the third rubber pad 73 can limit the air spring from excessive vertical displacement and has an upward vertical stop function. When the diaphragm 3 contracts and the electromagnetic control module fails, the load is supported by both the first rubber pad 71 and the third rubber pad 73. There is a safety design in the failure mode, and the driving reliability of the vehicle is improved. In addition, the first rubber pad 71 and the third rubber pad 73 do not support the load in the normal operating state and only support the load in the emergency state, so the reliability is greatly improved, and the difficulty of design and manufacturing is reduced. On the other hand, for the second rubber pad 72 in the normal operating state, the vertical load supported by the second rubber pad 71 in the operating state can be controlled through the control of the electromagnetic force of the magnetic field by the electromagnetic control module, so that a small load change can be realized in the overall operating state. As a result, the service life of the second rubber pad 72 is greatly improved, and the failure rate is reduced.

[0040] Furthermore, referring to FIG. 3, as an alternative embodiment of the above-described second rubber pad 72 and third rubber pad 73, in this embodiment, the detection module further includes a third load sensor 65 and a third height sensor 66. The third mounting member 413 is disposed on the support portion 22 and located below the base portion 4. The third load sensor 65 is disposed on the third mounting member 413 and contacts the fourth rubber pad 74. The third height sensor 66 is configured to measure the height difference H3 between the cover plate 21 and the bottom of the base portion 4. The auxiliary spring further includes a fifth rubber pad 75 disposed at a distance below the support portion 22. The fifth rubber pad 75 is connected to the carriage via a mounting seat 76. This embodiment has all the functions of the above-described embodiment.

[0041] Also, the third mounting member 413 is fixedly attached to the support portion 22, and the first distance L1 between the support portion 22 and the fifth rubber pad 75 is smaller than the second distance L2 between the base portion 4 and the cover plate 21. With such a configuration, the fifth rubber pad 75 can play a role in vibration isolation in the vertical direction when the electromagnetic module fails. Also, the upper and lower portions of the fourth rubber pad 74 may be fixedly attached to the base portion 4 and the third mounting member 413, respectively, for example, connected via bolts or directly vulcanized, thereby obtaining good stability.

[0042] Furthermore, in the air spring, an existing height valve may be replaced with the first height sensor 62 to control the expansion or contraction of the diaphragm 3 of the air spring. Specifically, when it is ensured that the vertical load detected by the first load sensor 61 does not change, the electromagnetic control module uses the height difference H1 measured by the first height sensor 62 to expand or contract the air spring. When it is detected that the height difference H1 has become smaller, it is necessary to expand the diaphragm 3 of the air spring. This function is particularly applicable to vehicle debugging. Different vehicles have different weights, and the same vehicle has different weights at different positions, so the chassis of the vehicle cannot be in the same horizontal plane. In the prior art, adjustment pads are used for leveling, but there are undesirable adjustment effects. When the vertical load does not change, the height of the air spring can be accurately adjusted by expanding or contracting the air spring using the height difference H1 measured by the first height sensor 62 and the control of the electromagnetic control module. Therefore, the heights of the four corners of the vehicle can be accurately adjusted.

[0043] Furthermore, preferably, more intelligent control of the air spring can be achieved by adding other types of sensors, as well as signal acquisition, data processing, logical judgment, and other functions. Also, the acquired data can be accumulated as data on the operating conditions of the product and used to realize product failure analysis, early failure warning, etc.

[0044] The second embodiment of the present application provides a railway vehicle including the air spring described in any one of the above embodiments, wherein the upper cover 1 of the air spring is connected to the vehicle body, and the base 4 is connected to the bogie.

[0045] In conclusion, for the air spring and the railway vehicle provided by the present application, an active vibration isolation function can be realized by the intelligent logic control of the electromagnetic control module. When the vehicle is running on a straight rail or running on a curve, the height of the air spring can be quickly adjusted as needed to meet the performance requirements of vehicle dynamics. For example, when the vehicle is running on a curve, the air springs on both sides of the bogie are adjusted to different heights to tilt the car body to provide a centripetal force, and as a result, the vehicle can run quickly on the curve. In addition, the air spring has a safety design function in the failure mode, has the advantages of improving the vehicle installation, debugging and height control, and the auxiliary spring used has high reliability, thereby ensuring the characteristics of basically unchanged performance and low failure rate throughout the entire service life.

[0046] The embodiments are only described as preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design concept of the present application, various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present application shall fall within the protection scope confirmed by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. an upper cover, a cover plate disposed opposite to the upper cover with a space therebetween, and a lower cover including a support portion connected below the cover plate, a hollow interior of the support portion and the cover plate forming a first accommodation chamber, a diaphragm disposed between the cover plate and the upper cover to form an air chamber, a base portion with a sleeve attached to the outside of the support portion, an electromagnetic levitation module including a first coil and a second coil capable of being energized, an air spring comprising: the first coil is disposed in the first accommodation chamber, the second coil has a sleeve attached to the outside of the base portion, the first coil and the second coil generate a magnetic field after being energized to form an electromagnetic force, and the current of the first coil and / or the second coil is adjustable, further comprising a detection module including a first load sensor disposed on the upper cover and configured to detect a vertical load supported by the air spring, and a first height sensor configured to detect a height difference between the upper cover and the bottom of the base portion, an electromagnetic control module electrically connected to the electromagnetic levitation module and the detection module respectively, receiving a detection signal from the detection module, and configured to control the electromagnetic levitation module according to the detection signal.

2. further comprising an auxiliary spring, the auxiliary spring including a first rubber pad disposed in the air chamber, and the first rubber pad is detachably fixed to the cover plate. The air spring according to claim 1.

3. the auxiliary spring further includes a second rubber pad, a first mounting member is disposed on the support portion, a second accommodation chamber is formed between the base portion and the first mounting member, and the second rubber pad is disposed in the second accommodation chamber. The air spring according to claim 2.

4. the detection module further includes a second load sensor and a second height sensor, the first mounting member is disposed above the base portion, the first mounting member is connected to the cover plate, the second load sensor is disposed on the base portion and contacts the second rubber pad, and the second height sensor is configured to measure a height difference between the cover plate and the upper portion of the base portion. The air spring according to claim 3.

5. The auxiliary spring further includes a third rubber pad, a second mounting member is disposed on the support portion, the second mounting member is disposed below the base portion, and together with the base portion forms a third accommodation chamber, and the third rubber pad is disposed in the third accommodation chamber. The air spring according to claim 3 or 4.

6. The detection module further includes a third load sensor and a third height sensor. A third mounting member is disposed on the support portion and located below the base portion. A fourth rubber pad is disposed between the base portion and the third mounting member. The third load sensor is disposed on the third mounting member and contacts the fourth rubber pad. The third height sensor is configured to measure the height difference between the cover plate and the bottom of the base portion. The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. The fifth rubber pad is disposed at a distance below the support portion, and the fifth rubber pad is connected to the carriage via a mounting seat. The air spring according to claim 6.

8. A support seat is connected above the first rubber pad, and a friction plate is disposed above the support seat. The air spring according to any one of claims 2 to 5.

9. A railway vehicle comprising the air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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