Structural materials, log houses, and construction methods for log houses

Abstract

To provide a structural material that is easier to handle compared to logs. 【Solution means】A structural material in which three or more long wooden plate members are laminated and joined in the plate thickness direction, and at least one plate member in the intermediate layer sandwiched between the two outermost plate members in the lamination is arranged so that at least one concave groove having a certain depth is formed over the longitudinal direction of the structural material and is displaced in the plate width direction of the plate member.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural material, a log house, and a method for constructing a log house.

Background Art

[0002] For example, a log house configured by stacking logs such as round timber has been disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In a construction method of building a log house by laying logs horizontally and stacking them (so-called round timber construction method), the round timber used as a log is long and heavy per piece. Therefore, when building a log house, it is necessary to lift the logs with a crane or the like for work, and it is often difficult for individuals to handle. In addition, in order to improve the airtightness, it is necessary to perform uneven processing (so-called grooving) on the surface in contact with other stacked logs, which causes labor and cost for processing. Furthermore, such logs may shrink over time and crack.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a structural material that is easier to handle than round timber, a log house capable of suppressing construction costs, and a method for constructing the log house.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The structural material according to one aspect of the present invention is a structural material in which a plurality of three or more long wooden plate members are laminated and joined in the plate thickness direction, and at least one groove having a certain depth is formed over the longitudinal direction of the structural material. At least one of the plate members in the intermediate layer sandwiched between the two outermost plate members in the lamination is arranged so as to be displaced in the plate width direction of the plate member.

[0007] The log house according to one aspect of the present invention is a log house formed by horizontally laying and stacking a plurality of long wooden plate members in the height direction. The plate members are laminated in three or more layers in the plate thickness direction, and at least one of the plate members in the intermediate layer sandwiched between the two outermost plate members in the lamination is arranged so as to be displaced in the plate width direction of the plate member, so that at least one groove having a certain depth is formed over the longitudinal direction of the laminated plate member.

[0008] The method for constructing a log house according to one aspect of the present invention is a method for constructing a log house formed by horizontally laying and stacking a plurality of long wooden plate members in the height direction. The method includes a step of forming the periphery of the log house by intersecting the plate members provided with notches for fitting and intersecting with the other plate members. The plate members are laminated in three or more layers in the plate thickness direction, and at least one of the plate members in the intermediate layer sandwiched between the two outermost plate members in the lamination is arranged so as to be displaced in the plate width direction of the plate member, so that at least one groove having a certain depth is formed over the longitudinal direction of the laminated plate member; a step of stacking the plate members to form the outer wall of the log house; and a step of joining the plate members constituting the outer wall for each lamination.

Advantages of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a structural material that is easier to handle than a log, a log house capable of suppressing construction costs, and a method for constructing the log house.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3A

Figure 3B

Figure 4A

Figure 4B

Figure 5

Figure 6A

Figure 6B

Figure 6C

Figure 7

Figure 8A

Figure 8B

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each figure, those denoted by the same reference numerals have the same or similar configurations.

[0012] A log house refers to a wooden house or cottage that has a log wall formed by stacking log materials such as logs, and the log wall serves as both columns and walls. The construction method for building such a log house is called the log construction method.

[0013] The log construction method is one of the construction methods for log houses, in which grooves are pre-cut in wood such as logs, and these are used as log materials, laid horizontally, crossed at right angles, and stacked up. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the groove processing applied to ordinary log materials. In Fig. 1, a view of the log material T1 of wood seen from the short-side end face side is shown. As shown by the shaded areas in the wood T1, it is usually necessary to perform concave and convex groove processing on the log materials. Also, notches (hereinafter referred to as "notches") are made in the log materials at the parts where the log materials intersect at right angles.

[0014] Here, the structural material according to an embodiment of the present invention is not a single log, but is composed of a plurality of members (hereinafter referred to as "plate members") cut out from plywood, and can be used, for example, as a log material.

[0015] The plate members can be cut out, for example, from plywood by an automatic machine tool such as a CNC (computerized numerical control) router based on the dimension data of each plate member. The plywood is defined by JAS (Japanese Agricultural and Forestry Standards). Hereinafter, as an example, plywood with a width of 910 mm and a length of 1820 mm will be used. The dimension data is, for example, data for recognizing the dimensions of the material to be cut out by a CNC router or the like, and can be line data (vector data) created by CAD (Computer Aided Design) software.

[0016] The plate members can be quickly and mass-produced using a CNC router. Also, the length and weight per piece are easy to carry and can be handled by an individual.

[0017] Note that the plate member is not limited to being cut out from plywood. For example, it may be cut out from a solid wood material, a single-board laminated material, or the like.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the structural material 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The structural material 1 is constituted by, for example, a plurality of plate members cut out from plywood being laminated and joined in the plate thickness direction. In the case of FIG. 2, the structural material is constituted by three plate members (plate member 1a, plate member 1b, plate member 1c) overlapping each other.

[0019] Note that the joining of the plate members is assumed to be fixed with, for example, nails, screws, etc. that penetrate each plate member, but is not limited thereto. For example, it also includes fixing the surfaces where the plate members overlap with an adhesive.

[0020] Further, in the structural material 1, for example, a notch N10 is provided for the structural materials to intersect and fit at right angles. Thereby, another structural material can fit at right angles to the structural material 1, and for example, the periphery of a log house can be constituted.

[0021] FIG. 3A is a view of the structural material 1 seen from the short side. As shown in FIG. 3A, in the structural material 1, the middle plate member 1b is offset by a predetermined difference in the plate width direction. The offset means the difference (shift, relative position, etc.) from the reference position. Note that the difference is constant over the longitudinal direction of the structural material 1.

[0022] In this way, the structural material 1 with the middle plate member 1b offset forms a ridge L10 over the longitudinal direction of the structural material 1, and naturally, a groove L11 is formed on the opposite side of the ridge. Thereby, the ridge L10 of the structural material 1 and the groove L11 of another structural material 2 can be fitted and stacked in the height direction, for example, to form a log wall of a log house. The structural material 1 can form a log wall with airtightness by fitting and stacking the ridge L10 and the groove L11 of the structural material 2. Therefore, it becomes unnecessary to perform the uneven groove processing on the log material to ensure the airtightness of the log wall, which has been conventionally carried out.

[0023] FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining the difference in the depth of the notch provided in each plate member constituting the structural member 1. The depth D2 of the notch of the offset plate member 1b is deeper than the depth D1 of the notch of the plate member 1a and the plate member 1c located in the outer layer of the structural member 1 by the amount of offset. Thereby, when the plate member 1a, the plate member 1b, and the plate member 1c are stacked to form the structural member 1, the notch surface can be flattened at the notch N10 of the structural member 1.

[0024] Here, although the structural member 1 is described as being in a mode in which three plate members are laminated and joined, the number of plate members constituting the structural member 1 is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, a structural member may be constituted by laminating four plate members. In this case, at least one concave groove having a certain depth is formed in one or two of the remaining two plate members in the intermediate layer sandwiched between the two outermost plate members in the longitudinal direction of the structural member so as to be offset. When five or more plate members are used, the variations shown in FIG. 4B are conceivable. Note that the plate width and plate thickness of the plate members to be laminated do not necessarily have to be the same.

[0025] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which the structural member 1 intersects and fits with another structural member and is stacked in the height direction. As described above, the structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention can be constituted by a plurality of plate members cut out from plywood. In addition, the plate members are easy to carry due to their length and weight per piece. Therefore, by using such plate members, it is possible for an individual to assemble the structural member. For example, as a log material for building a log house, the structural member is easier to handle than a log. In addition, the plate members constituting the structural member are made of plywood with little expansion and contraction. Therefore, for example, it is less likely to crack over time than a log material using a single log.

[0026] Next, a log house according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. The log house is a log house having a log wall constituted by using plate members cut out from plywood.

[0027] FIG. 6A is a view showing an example of a plate member cut out from plywood. The plate members are arranged horizontally and stacked in the height direction while intersecting each other to form a log wall. Further, the plate members are provided with notches N20 for fitting with other plate members while intersecting (plate member a, plate member u). Furthermore, the plate members may be provided with joints M1 for fitting with other plate members in the longitudinal direction at the short-side end faces (plate member a, plate member i, plate member u).

[0028] FIG. 6B is a view showing that plate members are fitted by joints M1 and extended in the longitudinal direction. In FIG. 6B, plate member a and plate member u are fitted by joint M1 and extended in the longitudinal direction. Further, if an intermediate member such as plate member i is prepared, further extension in the longitudinal direction is possible.

[0029] FIG. 6C is a view showing variations in the shape of joint M1. Joint M1 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 6B, and may be, for example, the shape of a joint (for example, a ring joint) provided in plate member c and plate member k shown in FIG. 6C.

[0030] This enables the plate members to be extended in the longitudinal direction, and plate members not restricted by the dimensions of plywood can be prepared. That is, log houses with various side lengths can be assembled.

[0031] The log wall is a structure that serves as columns and walls of a log house, formed by stacking plate members intersecting in the height direction. The log wall is composed of, for example, a lower frame member, a middle frame member, and an upper frame member.

[0032] The lower frame member, the middle frame member, and the upper frame member may be, for example, members formed by laminating a plurality of plate members in the plate thickness direction.

[0033] FIG. 7 is a view showing the shapes of the respective plate members constituting the lower frame member A, the upper frame member B, and the middle frame member C that form the log wall 200 of the log house 100.

[0034] In FIG. 7, the lower frame member A, the upper frame member B, and the middle frame member C show an embodiment in which three plate members are laminated, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, if necessary, the number of plate members may be changed, and the log wall may be configured by laminating the plate members.

[0035] The lower frame member A is a member that bears the lowermost part on one side of the log wall 200. The lower frame member A is, for example, a member composed of a plate member a, a plate member b, and a plate member c. In the lower frame member A, the plate member b located in the intermediate layer has a wider plate width W1 than the other plate members, and is offset by the difference in plate width to form a convex strip L12. As a result, there is no concave groove on the lower surface of the lower frame member A, and the surface is flat, so that the stability of the stacked log wall 200 can be ensured.

[0036] In the lower frame member A, the depth D3 of the notch of the offset plate member b is deeper than the depths of the notches of the outermost plate frame members a and c by the amount of offset. As a result, when the plate members a, b, and c are laminated to form the lower frame member A, the notch surface can be configured to be flattened at the notch N11 of the lower frame member A.

[0037] The upper frame member B is a member that bears the uppermost part on one side of the log wall 200. The upper frame member B is, for example, a member composed of a plate member d, a plate member e, and a plate member f. In the upper frame member B, the plate member e located in the intermediate layer has a narrower plate width W2 than the other plate members, and is offset by the difference in plate width to form a concave groove L13. As a result, there is no convex strip on the upper surface of the upper frame member B, and the surface is flat, so that the upper surface of the log wall 200 borne by the upper frame member B can be flattened.

[0038] In the upper frame member B, the depth D4 of the notch of the offset plate member e is shallower than the depths of the notches of the outermost plate members d and f by the amount of offset. As a result, when the plate members d, e, and f are laminated to form the upper frame member B, the notch surface can be configured to be flattened at the notch N12 of the upper frame member B.

[0039] The middle frame member C is a member that overlaps between the lower frame member A and the upper frame member B on one side of the log wall 200. The configuration of the middle frame member C is the same as that of the structural member 1 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0040] The various plate members used for the log wall 200 are cut out by a CNC router along the lines drawn on the plywood, as shown in FIG. 8A for example. In FIG. 8A, as an example, plate members a to o are cut out.

[0041] FIG. 8B is a top view of the log wall when building a log house by combining the cut-out plate members a to o. The portions joined by joints are indicated by J in FIG. 8B. Also, the laminated plate members may be joined by, for example, tools P1 such as screws or nails.

[0042] Next, a method for building a log house according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "this construction method") will be described.

[0043] This construction method is a method for building a log house using a plurality of plate members cut out from plywood.

[0044] Hereinafter, the flow of this construction method will be described with reference to the drawings. This construction method includes a step of constructing a log wall by combining plate members cut out from plywood (steps S10 to S13) and a step of fixing the plate members in the log wall (step S14).

[0045] FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of this construction method.

[0046] First, a plurality of plate members cut out from plywood are laminated to form the lower frame member A, the upper frame member B, and the middle frame member C shown in FIG. 7 based on the dimensions of the log house (step S10). At that time, for example, as shown in FIG. 6B, the plate members may be extended in the longitudinal direction by joints.

[0047] Next, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of lower frame members A are fitted into the notches N11 and crossed (step S11). Thereby, the periphery 300 of the log house is formed.

[0048] Next, the concave groove L14 of the middle frame member C is fitted onto the ridge L12 of the lower frame member A and stacked (step S12). Similarly, the concave groove L14 of another middle frame member is fitted onto the ridge L15 of the middle frame member C and stacked. When the middle frame members C cross, another middle frame member is fitted into the notch N13.

[0049] Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the concave groove L13 of the upper frame member is fitted onto the ridge L15 of the middle frame member C stacked up to a predetermined height (step S13). Thereby, the log wall 200 (FIG. 7) is constructed.

[0050] Next, the laminated plate members are joined with screws, nails, etc. (step S14). Note that the joining of the plate members may be performed in step S10. This makes it possible to prepare the plate members in the state of log materials in advance.

[0051] This construction method enables the construction of a log house by combining a plurality of plate members cut out from plywood. In this construction method, each plate member has a size and weight cut out from plywood. Therefore, an individual can carry it to the construction site and assemble the log house relatively easily, so that the construction cost of the log house can be suppressed. Further, in this construction method, a plurality of plate members are stacked while being laminated, and the laminated plate members are joined as necessary. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare the structural materials according to an embodiment of the present invention in advance. In this way, if plate members that can be handled even by an individual are prepared, a log house having a hermetic log wall can be constructed by this construction method even without structural materials.

[0052] As described above, the present invention includes using wood used as plywood materials, end materials, etc. Therefore, the present invention can contribute to, for example, Goal 15, "Protect life on land," of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

[0053] The above-described embodiments are examples for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention only to those embodiments. Further, the present invention can be variously modified without departing from its gist. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can adopt embodiments in which each of the elements described below is replaced with an equivalent one, and such embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0054] T1... wood, 1, 2... structural materials, 1a, 1b, 1c, a, i, u, e, o, ka, ki, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i... plate members, L10, L12, L15... ridges, L11, L13, L14... grooves, 100... log house, 200... log wall, the periphery of the log house... 300, A... lower frame member, B... upper frame member, C... middle frame member, N10, N11, N12, N13, N20... notches, D1, D2, D3, D4... depths of the notches, W1, W2... plate widths, M1... joints, P1... appliances

Claims

【Claim 1】 A method for constructing a log house by horizontally laying a plurality of long wooden board members one on top of the other in the height direction, a step of forming the periphery of the log house by crossing the board members provided with notches for fitting in a crosswise manner with other said board members without joining the board members to each other, wherein the board members are laminated in a thickness direction of three or more on a lower frame member having a ridge of a certain height, and at least one of the board members in the intermediate layer sandwiched between the two outermost board members in the lamination is arranged shifted in the board width direction of the board members so that a first structural member having at least one concave groove of a certain depth fitting into the ridge is formed over the longitudinal direction of the laminated board members, a step of stacking the board members to form the outer wall of the log house, a step of horizontally laying the board members on the first structural member in which the board members are laminated in a thickness direction of three or more and stacking a second structural member in the height direction, a step of joining the board members constituting the outer wall for each lamination, including the step of joining is such that the second structural member is formed by horizontally laying each board member of the second structural member on the two outermost board members and the board members in the intermediate layer, aligning the board widths and stacking them in the height direction, and then joining the board members to each other, A method for constructing a log house.

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