Method and apparatus for energy harvesting by nano unidirectional valve penetration

Abstract

Provided are a method and an apparatus for energy harvesting by means of nano unidirectional valve osmosis. 【Solution means】It includes the technical principle and method of energy harvesting by osmosis proposed based on the principle of nano unidirectional valve and the osmosis effect. Two semipermeable membranes 2-1 are provided, filled with a solution 2-2, and combined with a concentration control module 2-3 to control the concentration at the semipermeable membrane boundary to make the solution concentrations near the two semipermeable membranes different, realize the control of osmotic pressure, achieve the effect of unidirectional valve action, rectify the disordered and high-speed thermal motion of solvent molecules into an orderly one-way flow, form the position energy of the liquid level or the kinetic energy of the liquid flow, and use it for energy storage or power generation. The kinetic energy due to the thermal motion of molecules is extracted from the environment for power generation. After the electrical energy is consumed, it is returned to the environment as thermal energy and reused for power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental energy collection, and particularly to a method and apparatus for energy collection by nano-unidirectional valve penetration.

Background Art

[0002] Energy is the basis for the survival and development of humanity. As the world's population continues to increase and fossil energy continues to deplete, the energy crisis of humanity is becoming increasingly prominent, and countries are working hard to discover new energy sources. Fossil energy, nuclear energy, etc. are converted into thermal energy for utilization, accelerating global warming. Temperature is the degree of thermal energy that can always be felt and is a measure of the average translational kinetic energy of molecules. There are various types of liquids on the earth, and the thermal motion of molecules contains enormous energy. By utilizing this, it is expected to form molecular energy, a new energy source, and realize the recovery and power generation of environmental energy.

[0003] Osmosis refers to the phenomenon in which substances move through a semipermeable membrane. A semipermeable membrane is a membrane containing pores. The size of the pores is generally larger than that of small molecules but smaller than that of large molecules and ions. Small molecules can freely enter and exit by diffusion, while large molecules and ions cannot pass through freely. Cell membranes, parchment paper, reverse osmosis membranes for water purification, etc. are all semipermeable membranes. When two types of liquids separated by a semipermeable membrane are at the same pressure strength, the phenomenon in which pure solvent enters the solution through the semipermeable membrane is called osmosis. Osmotic action occurs not only between pure solvent and solution but also between solutions of the same type with different concentrations. The solvent in the low-concentration solution enters the high-concentration solution through the semipermeable membrane. The concept of osmosis is also often used in fields such as sewage purification and seawater desalination.

[0004] The index indicating the strength of the osmotic effect is the osmotic pressure. In a semipermeable membrane where the solution concentrations on both sides are different, the minimum pressure applied to the high-concentration side to prevent the solvent from osmosing from the low-concentration side to the high-concentration side is called the osmotic pressure, and the occurrence of osmosis can be blocked. Theoretically, the osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution and the thermodynamic temperature, and the relationship is as follows.

[0005]

Equation

[0006] The above equation is called the van't Hoff equation and is also called the osmotic pressure equation. In the equation, c is the molar concentration of the particles in the solution (unit: mol / L), R is the ideal gas constant. When the unit of π is kPa, the value of R is 8.314 J / (K·mol), and T is the thermodynamic temperature (unit: K). When both sides of the semipermeable membrane are solutions, c is the difference in the molar concentration of the particles in the solutions on both sides.

[0007] The osmotic force is very strong. The molar concentration of 0.9% physiological saline at 37°C is about 0.31 mol / L, the corresponding osmotic pressure is about 0.79 MPa, and the water level difference is about 79 m. Generally, the salt concentration of seawater is about 3%, and the osmotic pressure with fresh water is a water level difference of about 240 m, and this osmotic pressure can be used for power generation. Currently, there is an osmotic pressure power generation technology that utilizes the energy of the salt concentration difference between seawater and river freshwater, and this energy is considered to be green and environmentally friendly energy. In Norway, the world's first generator that generates electricity from the salt concentration difference between seawater and river freshwater was developed first.

[0008] Due to osmosis, water spontaneously flows from a lower place into the solution and reaches a higher place. As water molecules penetrate, the solution becomes diluted, the concentration becomes increasingly lower, and the osmotic effect becomes increasingly weaker. If work is done by utilizing such a circulating flow of water, the concentrations of the solutions on both sides of the semipermeable membrane gradually become balanced, and the osmotic effect is lost. Therefore, it is difficult to realize cyclic work by means of a general osmotic effect. Conventional osmotic pressure power generation is unidirectional water flow power generation. Since power generation based on the salinity concentration difference between seawater and river freshwater maintains the solution concentration basically unchanged, it depends on a large amount of seawater. When the water flow circulates, the solution becomes diluted and the operation stops, making it impossible to form a basis for generating electricity by circulating the water flow. It can only be built at the place where a river meets the sea. In addition, the semipermeable membrane for capturing seawater salinity has a small pore size, poor water permeability, and weak power generation capacity of the system. River water contains impurities that are likely to clog the semipermeable membrane, which affects the practical application of the salinity concentration difference power generation technology between seawater and river freshwater.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0009] The main object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for energy collection by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis in order to extract energy from thermal energy in a general environment and supply it to humans.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical means.

[0011] A procedure of attaching two semipermeable membranes to a U-shaped tube, filling a solution between the two semipermeable membranes, and filling a solvent outside the two semipermeable membranes, By setting an energy field in the solution and controlling the distribution of solute particles in the solution, the concentration of the solution at the boundary of the two semipermeable membranes is made unequal, the osmotic pressures of the solution across the two semipermeable membranes are different, the solvent outside the two semipermeable membranes penetrates into the solution, the internal pressure of the solution rises and exceeds the osmotic pressure of the semipermeable membrane on the side with the lower concentration, the solution undergoes reverse osmosis through the semipermeable membrane on that side, and the solvent passes through the semipermeable membrane with a higher osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semipermeable membrane with a lower osmotic pressure in sequence to achieve a unidirectional flow through reverse osmosis. The unidirectional flow of the solvent forms a position energy of the liquid level or a kinetic energy of the liquid flow to store energy or generate electricity, and the procedure of An energy collection method by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis, comprising When the energy field is an electrostatic field and charged ions exist in the solution, the concentration of charged ions in the semipermeable membrane changes under the action of the electric field, making the concentration of the solution at the boundary of the two semipermeable membranes unequal. Or when the energy field is a magnetic field and the solution is a liquid and strong diamagnetic nanoparticles in the liquid, the concentration of strong diamagnetic nanoparticles at the boundary of the two semipermeable membranes is different under the action of the magnetic field. Or when the energy field is a gravitational field and the solution is a liquid and nanoparticles in the liquid, the concentration of nanoparticles in the liquid on one of the semipermeable membranes increases under the combined action of gravity and buoyancy, making the concentration of the solution at the boundary of the two semipermeable membranes unequal.

[0012] An energy collection device by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis, comprising a U-shaped tube container and a one-way valve provided inside. The one-way valve is removably provided in the U-shaped tube container, filled with a solution therebetween, and two semipermeable membranes filled with a solvent outside, and a concentration control module for controlling the concentration of the solution so as to make the concentrations of the solutions near the two semipermeable membranes different.

[0013] More specifically, the concentration control module is an electrostatic field member. The electrostatic field member is a charged body provided in the solvent on one side of the semipermeable membrane and insulated from the solvent. Charged ions exist in the solvent. Under the electric field action of the charged body, the concentration of charged ions in the semipermeable membrane changes, and the concentration of the solution at the boundary of the two semipermeable membranes is unequal.

[0014] More specifically, one of the semipermeable membranes is an electrically neutral membrane, and the other semipermeable membrane is a charged membrane that also functions as a concentration control module. There are charged ions in the solution. Due to the electric field action of the charged membrane, the concentration of charged ions at the semipermeable membrane changes, and the concentrations of the solutions at the boundaries of the two semipermeable membranes are not equal.

[0015] Or more specifically, both of the two semipermeable membranes are charged membranes. The charged layer of one of the charged membranes faces the solvent, and the charged layer of the other charged membrane faces the solution and is insulated from the solution, exerting the function as a concentration control module. There are charged ions in the solution. Due to the electric field action of the charged membrane, the concentration of charged ions on the side of the charged membrane facing the solution changes, and the concentrations of the solutions at the boundaries of the two semipermeable membranes are not equal.

[0016] More specifically, the solution is a liquid in which a plurality of strong diamagnetic nanoparticles are suspended inside, and the concentration control module is a ferromagnetic body provided outside one of the semipermeable membranes. Due to the magnetic field action of the ferromagnetic body, a plurality of the strong diamagnetic nanoparticles are brought closer to the other semipermeable membrane.

[0017] More specifically, the solution is a liquid and a plurality of nanoparticles in the liquid. Without providing a concentration control module, the natural gravity field is utilized. The diameters of the nanoparticles and the pore diameters of the semipermeable membrane are in the range of 0.5 to 10 nm. The diameters of the nanoparticles are larger than the pore diameters of the semipermeable membrane. The nanoparticles do not dissolve in the liquid and do not adhere to the semipermeable membrane. The semipermeable membrane is horizontally arranged. A plurality of the nanoparticles float or sink under the combined action of the buoyancy and gravity of the liquid, resulting in a higher concentration at one of the semipermeable membranes and being resuspended in the liquid for a certain period of time again when subjected to vibration.

[0018] More specifically, the U-shaped tube container has a first opening and a second opening respectively drilled on both sides, and a hollow cavity in which the two semipermeable membranes are removably provided, and the lower ends are respectively communicated with the first opening and the second opening, and are provided with two connecting pipes filled with a solvent inside.

[0019] More specifically, the two semi-permeable membranes are provided inside the sealed container. The space inside the sealed container is divided into three chambers. The chamber between the two semi-permeable membranes is filled with a solution, the two chambers on both sides are filled with a solvent, and the lower ends of the two connecting pipes communicate with the two chambers respectively.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantageous effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides two semi-permeable membranes, fills them with solutions and solvents of different concentrations, and combines with a concentration control module to realize local control of the solution concentration, make the solution concentrations near the two semi-permeable membranes different, and realize control of the osmotic pressure, so as to achieve the osmotic effect of a one-way valve. The solvent outside the two semi-permeable membranes enters the solution by osmosis, increasing the internal pressure of the solution, exceeding the osmotic pressure of the semi-permeable membrane on the low-concentration side, and reverse osmosis occurs in the osmotic membrane on that side. The solvent realizes a one-way flow through reverse osmosis passing through the semi-permeable membrane with high osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semi-permeable membrane with low osmotic pressure. The one-way flowing solvent stores and generates energy, achieving the effect of energy collection by osmosis. The present invention uses larger-volume solute particles compatible with the corresponding semi-permeable membrane, increases the liquid flow rate to enhance the power generation ability, prevents clogging of the semi-permeable membrane, and improves practicality and stability. In short, this type of energy collection device based on nano one-way valve osmosis can realize cyclic power generation through environmental energy collection, can start spontaneously without artificial energy input, can continue to operate spontaneously without artificial energy input, and can continue to work spontaneously without artificial energy input, with three "spontaneous" characteristics. As long as the ambient temperature exceeds 0°C and is below 100°C (if the solution is in a liquid state), the system can always operate and work without consuming energy resources and without increasing the earth's temperature, being inexhaustible.

[0021] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The exemplary embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are only used to interpret the present application and do not unduly limit the present application.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0023] Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0024] The principle of the nano-unidirectional valve in the present application will be explained with a macroscopic model. As shown in FIG. 1, assume that there is a porous table with a large number of perforated pores drilled in the table. First, consider the case where there are no small balls. Here, assume that the same number of small bullets are always fired from above the table surface to below and from below to above, and the probability and number of bullets that always pass through the pores from above and come under the table are the same as the probability and number of bullets that pass through the pores from below and come above the table, and the number of bullets above the table is the same as the number of bullets below the table.

[0025] Here, further, as shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that some of the pores of the porous table are covered or floated with light small balls to block the pores.

[0026] Assume that the same number of bullets are always fired from above the table to below and from below to above. Since some of the pores are blocked by small balls, some of the bullets fired from above cannot pass through the pores due to the obstruction of the small balls and reach below the table. When the bullets are fired from below to above, some bullets directly pass through the pores and reach above the table, and some bullets use their kinetic energy to push back the small balls and reach above the table. At this time, the probability of the bullets moving in the upward and downward directions passing through the pores on the table is different. The bullets from below have a higher probability of reaching above, and overall, an upward unidirectional flow is formed. It is obvious that in the whole process, the small balls and the pores cooperate to function as a macro rectification of a "one-way valve" that blocks the downward movement of the upper small balls but does not prevent the upward movement of the small balls.

[0027] It should be noted that the small balls pushed back by the small bullets roll into the adjacent pores and continue to form a one-way valve together with the new holes. Therefore, this type of one-way valve is not fixed at a specific hole position but is "displacement type". Even if the position changes, the number of small balls and pores does not change, and the number of one-way valves formed jointly with the pores blocked by the small balls and the ratio to the total number of holes also do not change. The higher the number of small balls, the higher the rate of blocking the pores, and the more significant the effect of the difference in the probability of the small bullets moving up and down. The greater the kinetic energy of the bullets, the easier it is to push aside the obstructed small balls, and the stronger the effect.

[0028] Furthermore, when the small balls are not stationary and are always in a random motion state (for example, the Brownian motion of particles in a solution), even without the impact of small bullets, the small balls will spontaneously displace. Due to this random motion, the pores are randomly blocked, and a one-way valve is formed together with the blocked pores. Since the displacement of the small balls is spontaneous, some points need to be noted to exert the one-way valve effect.

[0029] 1. The small ball and the pore jointly form a one-way valve. When the small ball is too far from the pore, it cannot effectively block the pore and cannot function as a one-way valve. The effect of the one-way valve is only related to the small ball close to the pore and has nothing to do with the distant small ball, which is a boundary effect.

[0030] 2. The diameter of the small ball must be smaller than that of the pore. In the case of anions and cations, unless the diameter of at least one of the anion or cation particles is larger than that of the pore, it cannot block the pore and it becomes difficult to function as a one-way valve.

[0031] 3. The mass of the small ball should not be too large. The larger the mass of the small ball, the greater the kinetic energy lost when the bullet hits, the weaker the function and effect of the one-way valve. If it cannot push back at all, the one-way valve function cannot be achieved. When particles can perform Brownian motion in a liquid, it indicates that liquid molecules can push back the small ball.

[0032] 4. There should not be too many layers of small balls. If there are too many layers of small balls, the small balls at the bottom have no room to move. When a small bullet hits, it is like hitting a large ball and cannot push back the small balls, so the one-way valve function cannot be achieved.

[0033] 5. The small ball should not adsorb to the pore. Otherwise, a small bullet cannot push back the small ball at all and the one-way valve function cannot be achieved.

[0034] 6. It is better to keep the small ball in a floating state. The small bullet below can directly pass through the pore and reach the upper space without losing energy. At this time, the one-way valve function and effect are the best. The self-displacing one-way valve is the same as if the small ball is always floating, and the effect of the one-way valve is the most ideal. It is a "self-displacing" one-way valve.

[0035] In the above concept, it is assumed that the pores and the microspheres are extremely small in nanometer size and can be defined as "nano one-way valves". Nano one-way valves are different from macro one-way valves. First, the microspheres and pores, which are the main "components" of nano one-way valves, do not have a fixed cooperation relationship and cooperate randomly. Second, specific nano-directional valves at the micro level do not function independently, but function as a whole series of nano one-way valves at the macro level. The combination of nano one-way valves at the micro level is random, and the effect of nano one-way valves at the macro level is stable.

[0036] Molecules are always in motion and have energy. For example, like the small bullets mentioned above, liquid molecules at room temperature move at a speed of several hundred meters per second. The difference is that the movement of liquid molecules is three-dimensional, and the number and energy of liquid molecules moving in any direction are equal, and there are countless "liquid molecule bullets" moving at high speed in each direction. Solute particles in a solution are always suspended in the liquid and perform Brownian motion like the above-mentioned randomly moving light spheres. When a membrane with pores of an appropriate size is placed between the liquid and the solution, the conditions for producing the above nano one-way valve effect are met. Some of the originally disordered and thermally moving liquid molecules rush towards the membrane, pass through the pores, and spontaneously enter the solution. However, some of the liquid molecules in the solution always rush towards the membrane, pass through the pores, and spontaneously enter the liquid. Due to the blocking effect of the solute particles, a one-way valve effect is produced. Macroscopically, more liquid molecules come from the liquid to the solution, forming a one-way flow.

[0037] Figure 7 shows a general interpretation of the osmotic effect. The dashed line in the figure represents a semipermeable membrane, the large circular particles represent solute particles that cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane, and the small round arrows represent solvent molecules that can pass through the semipermeable membrane. On both sides of the semipermeable membrane, on the side with a high solute concentration, there are fewer solvent molecules, the solute particles occupy a larger area and block more pores of the semipermeable membrane. On the side with a low solute concentration, there are more solvent molecules, the area occupied by the solute particles is small, and fewer pores of the semipermeable membrane are blocked. By blocking the pores of the semipermeable membrane with solute particles, the passage of solvent molecules through the pores of the semipermeable membrane is prevented. Therefore, on the side with a lower concentration per unit area and per unit time, more solvent molecules flow through the semipermeable membrane to the side with a higher concentration. Generally speaking, solvent molecules move in a certain direction macroscopically.

[0038] Although there are obvious differences in the structural shapes between the solute particles and small balls, and the solvent molecules and small bullets of the semipermeable membrane and the porous table, the principle revealed by the above interpretation is very consistent with the principle of the nano one-way valve effect. Here, the semipermeable membrane is like a porous table, the solute particles are like floating light small balls, and the high-speed thermal motion of the solvent molecules is like small bullets. The solute particles and the semipermeable membrane together constitute a one-way valve, and the solvent molecules move spontaneously from the low-concentration solution to the high-concentration solution direction through the one-way valve depending on their own thermal motion. Therefore, osmosis is considered to be a natural nano one-way valve effect. This interpretation is more essential and intuitive.

[0039] Based on this mechanism, the formula for osmotic pressure obtained by deriving the formula for osmotic pressure is exactly the same as the conventional formula, further indicating that the osmotic pressure effect is a nano one-way valve effect.

[0040] The strength of the osmotic effect is related to the concentration. By controlling the concentration at the semipermeable membrane boundary, the osmotic effect can be expanded and new functions can be realized.

[0041] When aiming to achieve a one-way flow of the solvent due to the osmotic pressure effect, it is important to be able to form a concentration difference of the solution solute at the boundary between two semipermeable membranes. In normal situations, due to the diffusion movement, the solute concentration in the solution is uniform everywhere, and no concentration difference will spontaneously occur. However, when an external force is applied to the solution, the solute concentrations in the solution are not equal, and a concentration difference can be formed.

[0042] A method for energy harvesting by nano one-way valve osmosis that can make the solute concentrations in the solution unequal to form a concentration difference and includes the following steps: A step of attaching two semipermeable membranes to a U-shaped tube, filling a solution between the two semipermeable membranes, and filling a solvent outside the two semipermeable membranes; A step of setting an energy field in the solution and controlling the distribution of solute particles in the solution to make the concentrations of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes unequal, so that the osmotic pressures of the solution across the two semipermeable membranes are different, the solvent outside the two semipermeable membranes penetrates into the solution, the internal pressure of the solution rises and exceeds the osmotic pressure of the semipermeable membrane on the side with a lower concentration, the solution undergoes reverse osmosis at the semipermeable membrane on that side, and the solvent realizes a one-way flow through reverse osmosis by passing through the semipermeable membrane with a higher osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semipermeable membrane with a lower osmotic pressure in sequence. The one-way flowing solvent forms a position energy of the liquid level or a kinetic energy of the liquid flow to store energy or generate electricity. When the energy field is an electrostatic field and charged ions exist in the solution, the concentration of charged ions at the semipermeable membrane changes under the action of the electric field, making the concentrations of the solution at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes unequal. Or when the energy field is a magnetic field and the solution is a liquid and strong diamagnetic nanoparticles in the liquid, the concentrations of the strong diamagnetic nanoparticles at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes are different under the action of the magnetic field. Or when the energy field is a gravitational field and the solution is a liquid and nanoparticles in the liquid, the concentration of the nanoparticles in the liquid at the semipermeable membrane increases due to the combined action of gravity and buoyancy.

[0043] For the specific principle of the whole process, please refer to Figure 2. 1 is a U-shaped container, 2-1 is a semipermeable membrane, and the two semipermeable membranes 2-1 separate the solution and the solvent from both the left and right ends. Two semipermeable membranes 2-1 are provided in the U-shaped container 1. A solution is filled between the two semipermeable membranes 2-1, and a solvent is filled outside the two semipermeable membranes 2-1. The black and white dots at the right end indicate that particles have become highly concentrated at the boundary of the semipermeable membrane under some action. As can be seen from the principle of osmosis, the central part is a solution with a high concentration, and the solvents on both the left and right sides spontaneously penetrate into the solution, and the central pressure becomes increasingly high. However, the left side is a specific solution with a low concentration, and the corresponding osmotic pressure is low. The solution concentration at the semipermeable membrane boundary on the right side is high, and the corresponding osmotic pressure is high. When the solvents on both the left and right sides penetrate into the center and the pressure reaches the osmotic pressure corresponding to the left side, the solvent on the left side stops penetrating. Although the solvent on the right side has not yet reached the osmotic pressure, the central pressure continues to rise and gradually becomes larger than the osmotic pressure on the left side. Due to this pressure difference, the solution forms reverse osmosis against the semipermeable membrane on the left side, and the solvent is squeezed out and flows to the left side. In this way, the solvent on the right side continues to soak in, and the solvent on the left side continues to soak out, causing a phenomenon of one-way flow macroscopically. Finally, until the pressures on both sides are balanced, the solvent on the right side stops soaking in, and the solvent on the left side also stops soaking out, and the system reaches an equilibrium state.

[0044] Assume the central pressure at this time is H C , and the liquid surface pressures on both the left and right sides are H L , H R respectively. Assume the osmotic pressures on both the left and right sides are π L , π R respectively.

[0045] It can be understood as follows from the meaning of the osmotic pressure (1).

[0046]

Number

[0047] Subtract Equation (3) from Equation (2).

[0048]

Number

[0049] In the static equilibrium state, Equation (4) shows that the pressure difference between the liquid levels on the left and right sides is equal to the "osmotic pressure difference" between the left and right sides and is independent of the initial height of the liquid level.

[0050] Let the intrinsic particle concentration of the solution be c, and the increase in the particle concentration at the semi-permeable membrane boundary due to a certain action be c I , and the total concentration be c + c I . Assuming that the semi-permeable membrane is an ideal membrane, the particles in the solution can be completely blocked from entering the solvent, the particle concentration in the solvent becomes 0, and when Equation (1) of the osmotic pressure is substituted into Equation (4), it becomes as follows.

[0051]

Number

[0052] Equation (5) shows that the pressure difference between the liquid levels on the left and right sides is only related to the increase in concentration at the membrane boundary on the right side and has no relation with the intrinsic concentration of the solution.

[0053] However, it is difficult for an actual semi-permeable membrane to reach an ideal state, and there are always particles that penetrate the semi-permeable membrane and enter the solvent. When the particle concentration in the solvent on the left side is c L , and the particle concentration in the solvent on the right side is c R , it can be seen from Equation (1) that the osmotic differences between the left and right sides shown in Figure 2 are as follows respectively.

[0054]

Number

[0055] When Equations (6) and (7) are substituted into Equation (4), it becomes as follows.

[0056]

Number

[0057] Equation (8) shows that the pressure difference between the liquid levels in the left and right steady states is equal to the value obtained by subtracting the osmotic pressure difference corresponding to the difference in particle concentrations in the solvents on the right and left sides from the osmotic pressure corresponding to the increase in concentration c at the right membrane boundary. I

[0058] c I When c = 0, that is, when the solution is not affected by external actions and the concentrations at both ends are the same, Equation (8) is simplified as follows.

[0059]

Number

[0060] Equation (9) shows that the particle concentrations in the solvents on both the left and right sides also affect the liquid levels on both sides, and the solvent flows to the side with a higher particle concentration.

[0061] c I ≠0, when the concentration c on the right side R is greater than the concentration c on the left side L in general, due to the difference in particle concentrations on both sides, the solvent permeates to the right, and a part of the solvent that permeates to the left due to c I is offset, and the liquid level on the left side rises slowly and is lower. When the concentration c on the right side R is less than the concentration c on the left side L in general, due to the difference in particle concentrations on both sides, the solvent permeates to the left, which is the same as the solvent that permeates to the left due to c I , and the liquid level of the solvent on the left side rises rapidly and is higher.

[0062] Equation (8) can also be rewritten as follows.

[0063]

Number

[0064] Equation (10) is the increase value c of the particle concentration at the right membrane boundary I ​The osmotic pressure corresponding to [[ID=]] is equal to the pressure difference between the liquid levels on the left and right sides in the steady state plus the osmotic pressure difference corresponding to the particle concentration difference in the solvents on the left and right sides. This equation reflects the strength of the osmotic pressure difference caused by the increase in concentration due to external action.

[0065] In an ideal state, when the equilibrium liquid level has not been reached on the left side of Figure 2, for example, when the height is halved and the solvent on the left side is released, the pressure equilibrium on the left side is never reached. The solution in the middle continues reverse osmosis to squeeze the solvent to the left side, and the solvent on the right side continues to penetrate into the middle, realizing a spontaneous flow of the solvent from right to left.

[0066] If it is further assumed that the solvent on the left side does not flow out directly but falls and flows into the right side as shown in Figure 3, the solvent on the right side will spontaneously flow to the left side through the solution. After the liquid level on the left side rises, it will fall to the right side, forming a continuous circulation of the liquid flow. As long as the ion barrier ability of the semipermeable membrane is strong enough, the ions in the solution cannot diffuse into the solvent, the solution concentrations on both sides of the semipermeable membrane do not reach equilibrium, and the osmotic action occurs spontaneously due to the thermal motion of the solvent molecules. This circulation of the liquid flow will never stop.

[0067] As shown in Fig. 4, when an impeller generator is added to the lower end of the falling solvent on the right side and power is generated by utilizing the liquid flow, energy can be continuously output, and the objective of collecting energy from the environment and generating power by utilizing the osmotic effect can be achieved. The above process is a process in which the random thermal motion of liquid molecules is spontaneously converted into a macroscopic one-way liquid flow due to the one-way valve effect, and power is generated by the liquid flow. After colliding with the impeller of the generator, the moving speed of the liquid molecules decreases, the average translational kinetic energy decreases, and the temperature of the liquid flowing backward to the right is lower than that of the original liquid on the right. The system can absorb heat from the outside to maintain circulation and continuously output energy to the outside. The entire process conserves energy. After the output electrical energy is consumed and returned to the environment as thermal energy and the temperature diffuses, the thermal energy around the power generation site is naturally supplemented. Therefore, this power generation essentially absorbs the thermal motion energy of molecules from the environment and converts it into electrical energy. After the electrical energy is consumed, it is converted into thermal energy and returned to the environment to support the continuous operation of the system.

[0068] An energy collection method by means of nano one-way valve osmosis, which directly utilizes ambient heat to perform work. After being used for performing work and converted, the thermal energy is released to the environment and can be reused by the system. Different from conventional heat engines, there are three "spontaneities". First, it can be spontaneously started without artificial energy input. Second, it can continuously operate spontaneously without artificial energy input. Third, it can continuously perform work spontaneously without artificial energy input. As long as the ambient temperature exceeds 0°C and is below 100°C (if the solution is in a liquid state), the system can always operate and perform work without consuming energy resources and without increasing the earth's temperature, being inexhaustible.

Example

[0069] An energy harvesting device by means of nano one-way valve osmosis. As can be seen from the energy harvesting method by means of nano one-way valve osmosis, the device comprises a U-shaped tube container 1 and a one-way valve 2 provided therein. The one-way valve 2 is removably provided in the U-shaped tube container 1, filled with a solution 2-2 therebetween, and provided with two semi-permeable membranes 2-1 filled with a solvent on the outside, and a concentration control module 2-3 for controlling the concentration of the solution 2-2 so as to make the concentrations of the solution 2-2 near the two semi-permeable membranes 2-1 different. The whole device can select a vertical arrangement, a horizontal arrangement, or other arrangement methods according to actual operation needs.

[0070] In this embodiment, the concentration control module 2-3 uses an electrostatic field member or a charged semi-permeable membrane. The electrostatic field member may be a power supply type electrostatic field of an external power supply, or may be a charge type electrostatic field in which the object itself is charged.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 8, an electrostatically charged object is always placed on the right side of the right semipermeable membrane 2-1, and it is required that the static electricity carried by the object does not disappear even when immersed in a liquid. Assuming that the object is negatively charged, it attracts the cations in the solution 2-2 and moves towards the object. Since the ions cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane, the attracted cations gather on the left side of the right semipermeable membrane 2-1. When the cations increase, they further attract some anions, and a new electric field equilibrium is reached at the boundary of the semipermeable membrane 2-1, forming an "electric double layer". The thickness of the electric double layer is usually 0.2 to 20 nanometers. After the new electrostatic equilibrium is established, the other parts of the solution 2-2 are still in an electrically neutral state, the concentration basically does not change, and it is uniform everywhere. Therefore, the concentration of the solution 2-2 at the boundary of the left semipermeable membrane 2-1 basically remains the same as the original solution concentration. Near the boundary of the right semipermeable membrane 2-1, an electric double layer is generated, so the ion density is significantly higher than that in the equilibrium region, corresponding to the formation of a high concentration at the membrane boundary. Due to the arrangement of the charged object, the ion concentration at the boundary of the right semipermeable membrane 2-1 is greater than that at the boundary of the left semipermeable membrane, resulting in a difference in ion concentration between the left and right semipermeable membrane 2-1 boundaries. According to the principle of energy collection by osmosis mentioned above, when the ion concentrations on the left and right semipermeable membranes 2-1 are different, the osmotic pressures on both sides are different, so a liquid level difference corresponding to the osmotic pressure difference is generated between the left and right liquid levels. It should be noted that in FIG. 8, a charged object is placed on the right side of the right semipermeable membrane 2-1. In fact, it can also be placed on the left side of the semipermeable membrane 2-1, but it is necessary to bring the charged object close to the semipermeable membrane 2-1, and the distance should not exceed 20 nanometers. If it exceeds, an electric double layer is directly formed on the surface of the charged object instead of at the boundary of the semipermeable membrane 2-1. By using a process or means of compounding and integrating a charged coating on the surface of the semipermeable membrane 2-1, this problem can be avoided and good results can be obtained.

[0072] The characteristics of the electrostatic field method are that it is simple, easy to obtain, easy to implement, has a strong electric field acting force, and a good acting effect, and it is expected to be put into practical use first. However, there are also some deficiencies in the electrostatic field method. The drawback of the charge-type electrostatic field method is that the static electricity carried by the object may not last long in the liquid, and the durability of the corresponding product may not be sufficient. The drawback of the power supply-type electrostatic field method is that it is difficult to completely eliminate the leakage current and it consumes extra energy. Since an external power supply is required, its use is limited.

[0073] The inventor led a team to conduct experiments on energy collection by the penetration of the charge-type electrostatic field method without an external power supply. After conducting more than 100 valid experiments in sequence, all showed the expected effects.

[0074] Specific experiments were carried out using commercially available semipermeable membranes. One is an uncharged reverse osmosis RO membrane, and the other is a nanofiltration membrane with static electricity. The pore size of the RO membrane is usually in the range of 0.1 to 1 nanometer. The pore size of the nanofiltration membrane is usually in the range of 1 to 2 nanometers. The pore size of the RO membrane is small and its ability to capture solutes is strong. The pore size of the nanofiltration membrane is large and its ability to capture solutes is relatively weak. The experiment was carried out using the characteristics that the nanofiltration membrane is charged and the RO membrane is not charged, and the static electricity of the nanofiltration membrane was used to form a high concentration on the membrane boundary to generate a difference in osmotic pressure. Here, the valve body composed of two semipermeable membranes and a solution is called a "single group valve".

[0075] In the experiment, products from the American company FilmTec were specifically adopted. The model of the RO membrane was FFM-FR, the molecular weight cut-off was 100, and it was uncharged. The model of the nanofiltration membrane was FFM-NL, the molecular weight cut-off was 300 - 500, and it was negatively charged.

[0076] The reverse osmosis RO membrane and the nanofiltration membrane were used sequentially to conduct water level difference experiments on energy collection by the penetration of the charge-type electrostatic field method with different solute concentrations such as sodium sulfate, sodium citrate, magnesium sulfate, and ferric chloride, and also conduct water flow circulation experiments on energy collection by penetration and experiments on stacking in series for energy collection by penetration.

[0077] In this application, some experiments are selected for introduction and explanation.

[0078] The water level difference experiment of energy collection by the penetration of the charge-type electrostatic field method is as follows. The schematic configuration diagram of the experimental apparatus is shown in Figure 2. The selected main part of the experimental apparatus is a multi-chamber micro-bioreactor. The three chambers are connected by screws to form a hollow cavity and used as a sealed container. The hollow cavity is divided into three chambers by two semi-permeable membranes. The left side is a RO membrane and the right side is a nanofiltration membrane. During the experiment, a solution is injected into the central chamber, the upper end is sealed, pure water is injected into the left and right sides as a solvent respectively, and a U-tube container is formed to match the sealed container. The upper ends of the left and right sides are connected to transparent rubber hoses respectively. In this experiment, a transparent hose with an inner diameter of 5 mm is used. The upper end is open and pure water can flow in the transparent hose. The initial water levels of the pure water in the two transparent hoses are at the same height and on the same horizontal plane. After injecting pure water into the two side chambers and a solution into the central chamber, an osmotic action occurs. The pure water on both sides soaks into the central chamber, and the water levels in the two tubes drop slightly. As can be seen from the above, the RO membrane on the left side is not charged, the solution concentration at the boundary is low, and the corresponding osmotic pressure is small. When pure water enters, the pressure in the central chamber rises, and the left side reaches the osmotic pressure first. The nanofiltration membrane on the right side is charged, the ion concentration at the boundary is high, and the corresponding osmotic pressure is also high. Therefore, the water on the right side continues to soak into the central chamber, forming reverse osmosis on the left side membrane to squeeze water out of the solution. The water level in the right tube continues to drop, and the water level in the left tube begins to rise.

[0079] The semi-permeable membrane used in the experiment was not an ideal semi-permeable membrane. Ions in the solution diffused into the water through the semi-permeable membrane, forming an osmotic pressure. Generally, since the RO membrane has a small pore size and a strong ability to capture ions, fewer ions diffused to the left side, and the concentration change was gentle. The nanofiltration membrane has a large pore size and a weak ability to capture ions, so more ions diffused to the right side, and the concentration changed rapidly. As the diffusion proceeded, the ion concentrations in the water on both the left and right sides became different. The difference in the osmotic pressure formed helped the water level on the right side to rise and the water level on the left side to fall. As can be seen from Equation (8), its effect is exactly the opposite of that of the electrostatic field. As the difference in the ion concentrations in the water on both the left and right sides continued to increase, the corresponding difference in the osmotic pressure also continued to increase. Due to the interaction, the water level on the left side rose, the water level on the right side fell, and it gradually slowed down. When the difference in the osmotic pressure corresponding to the ion concentration difference due to diffusion and the pressure difference of the water level became equal to the osmotic pressure due to the electrostatic field effect, the water flow reached an equilibrium state and stopped changing. As can be seen from Equation (10), at this time, the pressure difference of the water level due to the electrostatic field effect is equal to the sum of the existing pressure differences of the water levels on the left and right and the difference in the osmotic pressure corresponding to the difference in the ion concentrations in the water on both sides. Subsequently, when the ion concentration in the water on the right side further increased, the water level changed conversely, the water level on the left side began to fall, and the water level on the right side gradually rose. In the experiment, an XMTDS01YM model TDS detection pen manufactured by Xiaomi was used to measure the ion concentrations in the water on both the left and right sides when the water level was balanced, convert them to molar concentrations, and calculate the difference in the osmotic pressure based on π = cRT.

[0080] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0081]

Table 1

[0082] Conclusion A. It has been proven in the experiment that the energy collection by osmosis of the charge-type electrostatic field method spontaneously causes a water level difference. B. The average value of the water level difference caused by the electrostatic action of a single group valve is about 2350 mm. C. The rise of the water level was very slow and it took a long time to reach the equilibrium water level.

[0083] Do not eliminate as much as possible the coupling effect caused by the difference in osmotic pressure formed by the difference in the diffusion concentration of electric ions. Originally, for the experiment, two semi-permeable membranes with the same pore size, one charged and the other uncharged, were intended to be selected and paired, but such a combined semi-permeable membrane does not exist in the market. For the sake of caution, an uncharged RO membrane with a smaller pore size and a charged nanofiltration membrane with a larger pore size were selected for the experiment. These membranes are common products purchased from the market, and the consistency of microscopic characteristics is not very strong, and the experimental results were relatively discrete. Although the expected effect appeared in the experiment and it was sufficient to verify the principle of the energy collection effect by osmosis, the specific experimental values do not necessarily accurately reflect the energy collection effect and effect caused by the penetration of the electrostatic field, and it only has meaning as a reference. In addition, during the experiment, the ion concentration in the water on the left side was often higher than that on the right side. At this time, the concentration effect and the electrostatic field effect were in the same direction, and the water was flowed to the left, and in the experiment, the water level in the left tube continued to rise even when it reached more than 3000 mm.

[0084] All of these experiments were carried out under the condition that the initial water levels were equal, and it took a long time to reach the osmotic pressure balance. During this period, the solute permeated through the semi-permeable membrane, and the ion concentrations in the water on both the left and right sides increased non-linearly, significantly affecting the water level difference between the two sides. Based on the initial verification that the effect of the electrostatic field of the nanofiltration membrane is about 2350 mm in the above-mentioned experiment, the experiment was carried out by changing the method, directly giving an initial water level difference between the left and right sides, observing the water level change situation within a short time, and the ion concentrations on both sides basically did not change during this period. Experiments were carried out by setting different initial water level differences using 0.5% Na2SO4 solution, and the water level change situation was observed within 30 minutes. The related experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0085]

Table 2

[0086] Conclusion: The water level difference caused by the electrostatic action of the single-group valve could reach about 2800 mm.

[0087] To further verify whether the water level difference of energy collection by osmosis can form a circulating water flow, a water flow circulation experiment of energy collection by osmosis using the charge-type electrostatic field method was also carried out. The experimental device was basically the same as the above-mentioned experiment. The difference was that, as shown in Figure 3, the left tube and the right tube were connected, and a dropping tube was added in the middle to form a water flow circulation. The needle tip of the dropping tube was a 1.25-mm medical injection needle, and the dropping height was in the range of 110 - 120 mm. The dropping interval time of water droplets, the total number of days of continuous circulation, and the liquid concentration of each chamber at the end of the circulation were measured.

[0088] Results: One group circulated for 11 days, one group circulated for 13 days, one group circulated for 16 days, and the longest group circulated for 21 days. The initial water droplet dropped quickly, and then gradually slowed down until the dropping stopped. The liquid concentrations of each chamber at the end of the circulation were basically equal.

[0089] Conclusion A: The water flow of the system can circulate spontaneously, B: The circulating water droplets are very small and slow, C: The solution concentration gradually reached equilibrium after circulation.

[0090] The length of the circulation time is determined by the time it takes for the concentration of the solution to reach equilibrium. The stronger the ion capture ability of the semipermeable membrane, the longer the time it takes for the concentration of the solution to reach equilibrium. In future research and development, solute particles with as large a volume as possible were selected, the pore size of the semipermeable membrane was made significantly larger than the diameter of the particles, the capture ability of the semipermeable membrane for solute particles was ensured, and the circulation ability of the system was enhanced. Specifically, the length of the circulation time in this experiment was also related to the amount of water. The longer the pipeline, the more water was stored, and the longer the time it took for the concentration of the solution to reach equilibrium. Therefore, when the membrane and the length of the pipeline were different, the experimental results were very different. The length of the circulation pipeline for the first few groups was about 0.7 m, and the length of the circulation pipeline for the last group was about 5 m. The water droplets were very small and slow, mainly determined by the water permeability of the semipermeable membrane. During the experiment, an RO membrane was used on one side, so the water permeability was poor. When a non-charged nanofiltration membrane was used, the water flow became larger. Also, the macroscopic size of the water flow was proportional to the area of the membrane used. The larger the membrane, the larger the water flow rate. The size of the water flow affects the power generation ability.

[0091] The diameter of the membrane used in this experiment was 28 mm. When it was enlarged to 2.8 m, which is 100 times the diameter, theoretically the water flow rate would be enlarged 10,000 times, but it was still insufficient for practical use. Therefore, future research should focus on the capture ability of the semipermeable membrane and the water permeability, which is the key to the practical application of power generation by energy collection through osmosis.

[0092] To verify whether an amplification effect of the water level difference can be obtained by using one-way valves in series, an experiment of stacking in series the energy collection by osmosis using the charge-type electrostatic field method was carried out. The experimental device was basically the same as the previous experiment, except that the tubes on the left and right sides of the two devices were connected end to end to observe whether the water level differences were superimposed. Figure 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of the experiment of stacking in series the energy collection by osmosis using the charge-type electrostatic field. The set initial water level difference was that the left side was 4550 mm higher than the right side, and the change in the water level after 30 minutes was observed.

[0093] Result: After 30 minutes, the water level difference between the left and right reached 4558 mm.

[0094] Conclusion A: When nano one-way valves are stacked in series, the water level differences are superimposed, B: The superimposed value of the water level differences was smaller than the theoretically direct addition value of about 5600 mm.

[0095] Note: Due to the limitation of the indoor space, the maximum height is only about 4560 mm. According to the experimental results, the initial verification that the water level differences can be superimposed was carried out. In this experiment, as shown in Figure 9, two one-way valves are connected in series horizontally, but in the actual product, it can also be selected to connect them in series vertically as needed.

[0096] Due to limited conditions, the related experiments were carried out based on simplification. When the experimental instruments and experimental conditions are optimized, more accurate experimental results are likely to be obtained. When the corresponding semi-permeable membrane is designed and customized, the water level difference formed by a single group of valves will be higher.

Example

[0097] An energy collection device by nano one-way valve osmosis. As can be seen from the energy collection method by nano one-way valve osmosis, the device includes a U-shaped tube container 1 and a one-way valve 2 provided inside. The one-way valve 2 is removably provided in the U-shaped tube container 1, filled with a solution 2-2 therebetween, and two semi-permeable membranes 2-1 filled with a solvent outside, and a concentration control module 2-3 for controlling the concentration of the solution 2-2 so as to make the concentrations of the solutions 2-2 near the two semi-permeable membranes 2-1 different.

[0098] In this embodiment, the magnetic field method is used. Solution 2-2 is a liquid in which a plurality of strong diamagnetic nanoparticles are suspended. A ferromagnetic substance is arranged at one end inside the U-shaped tube container 1. As shown in FIG. 6, the black object on the left represents the ferromagnetic substance. Due to the magnetic field action, the diamagnetic solute in solution 2-2 is separated from the magnetic substance and deposited near the semipermeable membrane 2-1 at the other end, increasing the concentration of solution 2-2. The solute concentrations at the boundaries of the two semipermeable membranes 2-1 are different, resulting in an osmotic pressure difference and realizing energy collection by osmosis. The entire device can select a vertical arrangement, a horizontal arrangement, or other arrangement methods according to actual operation needs.

[0099] The advantages of the magnetic field method are that it does not consume external energy, has stable performance, is not limited to solutes, and is useful for the selection of semipermeable membranes with large pores and improved water permeability. It is expected to produce a higher boundary concentration, realize a high osmotic pressure difference and a larger water flow, and achieve good effects. Once successful, its practicality is good. The disadvantages are that it is difficult to find strong diamagnetic substances and the preparation cost of nanomaterials is high.

Example

[0100] An energy collection device by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis. As can be seen from the energy collection method by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis, the device includes a U-shaped tube container 1 and a one-way valve 2 provided inside the U-shaped tube container 1. The one-way valve 2 is removably provided in the straight tube of the U-shaped tube container 1 and includes two horizontally arranged semipermeable membranes 2-1. A solution 2-2, which is a liquid containing a plurality of nanoparticles, is filled between the two semipermeable membranes 2-1, and the outside of the two semipermeable membranes 2-1 is filled with liquid. There is no need to provide a concentration control module 2-3, and the natural gravity field can be directly utilized.

[0101] As shown in Fig. 5, the black vertical lines in Fig. 5 represent the housing of the nano one-way valve component, the dashed lines represent the semi-permeable membrane 2-1, and the small spheres represent the nano particles. The semi-permeable membrane 2-1 is arranged horizontally. The diameter of the nano particles and the pore diameter of the semi-permeable membrane 2-1 are in the range of 0.5 to 10 nanometers. The nano particles are slightly larger than the pore diameter of the semi-permeable membrane 2-1. The nano particles must be insoluble in the liquid and not adhere to the semi-permeable membrane 2-1. After the liquid is injected, the nano particles remain suspended in the liquid for a certain period. Since the gravity is greater than the buoyancy, finally they sink to the bottom of the liquid. The sedimented nano particles become highly concentrated on the upper part of the lower semi-permeable membrane and can be resuspended in the liquid when subjected to vibration. Or, since the gravity of the nano particles is smaller than the buoyancy, they are suspended at the top of the liquid, and the concentration of the floating nano particles is high at the lower part of the upper semi-permeable membrane. In short, the particle concentrations near the upper and lower semi-permeable membranes 2-1 are different, resulting in different osmotic pressures. The gravity field method does not require a conventional solution, only requires a liquid and a plurality of nano particles in the liquid, and the nano particles replace the solute. In particular, when used in combination, only one semi-permeable membrane 2-1 and the corresponding nano particles need to be added to add a set of one-way valves, and the usage amount of the semi-permeable membrane 2-1 can be reduced.

[0102] When a specific solute has an obvious gravity field concentration gradient in the solution, it is also expected to form a nano one-way valve by the gravity field method.

[0103] The advantages of the gravity field method are that the principle is intuitive and clear, it does not consume external energy, is not limited to solutes, helps in the selection of semi-permeable membranes with larger pores and high water permeability, and when used in combination, the number of required semi-permeable membranes 2-1 can be halved. However, in the gravity field method, the nano particles are not completely suspended in the liquid. When the liquid molecules push back the nano particles, energy is consumed, which affects the osmotic effect. High horizontality is required during the application of the product. When the horizontality is low, the internal nano particles may accumulate due to inclination, which may affect the effect of the one-way valve action.

[0104] It should be noted that in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one element or operation from another element or operation, and it is not necessarily required or implied that such an actual relationship or order exists between these elements or operations. The term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof also encompasses non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or facility including a list of elements is not necessarily limited only to these elements, and other elements not explicitly listed or specific to such a process, method, article or facility may be included.

[0105] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which are used only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. All designs identical or similar to the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Description of Reference Numerals

[0106] 1 U-shaped tube container 2 One-way valve 2-1 Semipermeable membrane 2-2 Solution 2-3 Concentration control module

Claims

1. An energy harvesting method by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis, comprising: attaching two semi-permeable membranes to a U-shaped tube, filling a solution between the two semi-permeable membranes, and filling a solvent outside the two semi-permeable membranes; setting an energy field in the solution and controlling the distribution of solute particles in the solution to make the concentration of the solution at the boundary of the two semi-permeable membranes unequal, so that the osmotic pressures of the solution across the two semi-permeable membranes are different, and the solvent outside the two semi-permeable membranes penetrates into the solution, causing the internal pressure of the solution to rise and exceed the osmotic pressure of the semi-permeable membrane on the side with a lower concentration, and the solution undergoes reverse osmosis through the semi-permeable membrane on that side, and the solvent realizes a unidirectional flow through reverse osmosis by passing through the semi-permeable membrane with a higher osmotic pressure, the solution, and the semi-permeable membrane with a lower osmotic pressure in sequence, and the solvent in the unidirectional flow forms a position energy of the liquid level or a kinetic energy of the liquid flow to store energy or generate electricity; when the energy field is an electrostatic field and the solution contains charged ions, the concentration of the charged ions in the semi-permeable membrane changes under the action of the electric field, making the concentration of the solution at the boundary of the two semi-permeable membranes unequal, or when the energy field is a magnetic field and the solution is a liquid with strong diamagnetic nanoparticles, the action of the magnetic field makes the concentration of the strong diamagnetic nanoparticles at the boundary of the two semi-permeable membranes unequal, or when the energy field is a gravitational field and the solution is a liquid and nanoparticles in the liquid, the combined action of gravity and buoyancy makes the concentration of the nanoparticles in the liquid at one of the semi-permeable membranes higher, making the concentration of the solution at the boundary of the two semi-permeable membranes unequal An energy harvesting method by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis, characterized by the above.

2. An energy harvesting device by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis, comprising a U-shaped tube container (1) and a one-way valve (2) provided inside, and the one-way valve (2) is removably provided in the U-shaped tube container (1), and two semi-permeable membranes (2-1) that are filled with a solution (2-2) therebetween and filled with a solvent outside; a concentration control module (2-3) for controlling the concentration of the solution (2-2) or for controlling the concentration of the solution (2-2) so that the concentration of the solution (2-2) at the boundary of the two semi-permeable membranes (2-1) is different by using a charged semi-permeable membrane An energy harvesting device by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis, characterized by the above.

3. The concentration control module (2-3) is an electrostatic field member or uses a charged semipermeable membrane. The electrostatic field member is a charged body provided in the solvent on one side of the semipermeable membrane (2-1) and insulated from the solvent. Charged ions exist in the solvent. Due to the electric field action of the charged body, the concentration of charged ions in the semipermeable membrane (2-1) changes, and the concentrations of the solution (2-2) at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are not equal. The energy harvesting device by nano one-way valve osmosis according to claim 2.

4. One of the semipermeable membranes (2-1) is a charged membrane, and the other semipermeable membrane (2-1) is an electrically neutral membrane. Charged ions exist in the solution (2-2). Due to the electric field action of the charged membrane, the concentration of charged ions in the semipermeable membrane (2-1) changes, and the concentrations of the solution (2-2) at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are not equal. The energy harvesting device by nano one-way valve osmosis according to claim 2.

5. Both of the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are charged membranes. The charged layer of one charged membrane faces the solvent, and the charged layer of the other charged membrane faces the solution (2-2) and is insulated from the solution (2-2). Charged ions exist in the solution (2-2). Due to the electric field action of the charged membrane, the concentration of charged ions on the side of the charged membrane facing the solution (2-2) changes, and the concentrations of the solution (2-2) at the boundary between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) are not equal. The energy harvesting device by nano one-way valve osmosis according to claim 2.

6. The solution (2-2) is a liquid in which a plurality of strong diamagnetic nanoparticles are suspended inside. The concentration control module (2-3) is a ferromagnetic body provided outside one of the semipermeable membranes (2-1). By the magnetic field action of the ferromagnetic body, a plurality of the strong diamagnetic nanoparticles are brought closer to the other semipermeable membrane (2-1). The energy harvesting device by nano one-way valve osmosis according to claim 2.

7. The solution (2-2) is a liquid and a plurality of nanoparticles in the liquid. Without providing the concentration control module (2-3), the natural gravity field is utilized. The diameter of the nanoparticles and the pore diameter of the semipermeable membrane (2-1) are in the range of 0.5 to 10 nm. The diameter of the nanoparticles is larger than the pore diameter of the semipermeable membrane (2-1). The nanoparticles do not dissolve in the liquid and do not adhere to the semipermeable membrane (2-1). The semipermeable membrane (2-1) is horizontally arranged. A plurality of the nanoparticles float or sink due to the combined action of the buoyancy and gravity of the liquid, the concentration on one of the semipermeable membranes (2-1) increases, and when subjected to vibration, they are suspended in the liquid again for a certain period of time. The energy collection device by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis according to claim 2.

8. The U-shaped tube container (1) is respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening on both sides, and a hollow cavity (1-1) in which two of the semipermeable membranes (2-1) are removably provided, and the lower ends are respectively communicated with the first opening and the second opening, and are provided with two connecting pipes (1-2) filled with the solvent therein. The energy collection device by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis according to claim 2.

9. Two of the semipermeable membranes (2-1) are provided in the hollow cavity (1-1). The space in the hollow cavity (1-1) is divided into three chambers. The chamber between the two semipermeable membranes (2-1) is filled with the solution (2-2), the two chambers on both sides are filled with the solvent, and the lower ends of the two connecting pipes (1-2) are respectively communicated with the two chambers. The energy collection device by nano-unidirectional valve osmosis according to claim 8.

Images