Method for producing fuel containing water and an additive derived from bio-based raw materials in light oil or heavy oil

Abstract

To solve the problem in which an emulsion fuel has not been spread well in a market under current situations due to a combination of various factors although there is a case in which the emulsion fuel has been operated on a trial basis in some regions.SOLUTION: There is provided a production method of a fuel obtained by incorporating water and an additive derived from a bio-raw material into light oil or heavy oil. The fuel is obtained by incorporating an environmentally well-compatible additive obtained by mixing first liquid composed of a surfactant, water composed of any of tap water, purified water, and reformed water, and second liquid composed of a biofuel including a plant oil as a main raw material into the light oil or the heavy oil. A pollution numerical value of an exhaust gas concentration in combustion of the fuel can be reduced and especially is reduced by half for SOX. A sulfur content of the light oil or the heavy oil used is reduced by half. Thereby, the sulfur content and the SOX can be reduced by amounts of reduction in a base oil and of addition of the additive.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] In recent years, due to the depletion of fossil fuels such as oil and coal and the problem of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, research on emulsion fuels in which an appropriate amount of water is mixed with fuel has been carried out.

Background Art

[0002] Conventional emulsion fuels A) are emulsified fuels of water and oil, separation in storage tanks after production and storage after transportation, B) a decrease in combustion temperature due to moisture, C) an increase in fuel cost due to a decrease in thermal efficiency, D) difficult ignition due to mixing and moisture, E) a temperature decrease due to non-combustible water vapor gas in the combustion chamber, F) ammonia is used as a water-soluble additive, causing NOX (nitrogen oxides) and damaging the inside of the combustion chamber etc., and had drawbacks and problems.

[0003] By the way, from the viewpoints of the soaring crude oil price, the depletion problem of fossil fuels which are global resources, and the reduction of greenhouse gas such as CO2 and environmental pollutants discharged when using them and leading to global environmental destruction, research on fuels in which an appropriate amount of water is mixed with fuel oil, so-called emulsion fuels, has been actively carried out. Emulsion fuels are generally fuels in which water and a surfactant are added to fuel oil (heavy oil, kerosene, light oil, waste oil, etc.) and mechanically stirred to disperse water in the fuel oil, and are known as fuels that are somewhat effective in reducing the amount of fuel used and the accompanying reduction of environmental pollutants. As such emulsion fuels, there are various ones such as Patent Documents 1 to 5 for example.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

[0005] As described above, regarding emulsion fuels, research and development have been carried out for many years, and some are being tested operationally. However, in the conventional emulsion fuels, the fuel oil and water may separate in a relatively short time after production, with most of the oil moving to the upper layer and most of the water moving to the lower layer, resulting in stratification. Such stratification causes various drawbacks and problems such as operational troubles, difficulties in storage (stockpiling) and transportation, reduction in combustion efficiency and combustion calorie due to the influence of water content, reduction in fuel efficiency due to reduction in thermal efficiency, and corrosion of the combustion chamber. Therefore, in emulsion fuels, although there are some examples of being tested operationally due to the overlap of these factors, the current situation is that they have not been fully popularized in the market.

[0006] (Object of the Present Invention) Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a biofuel additive and its manufacturing method, characterized in that water particles can be made fine, uniformly dispersed throughout the fuel oil, and emulsification can be suppressed and solubilized. In addition, the present invention aims to provide a manufacturing method that can purify a fuel considering the environment, including reduction of bio-derived exhaust gas, using only hydrocarbon oil, petroleum as the fuel oil, and two additives, with or without adding water. [Means for Solving the Problems]

[0007] Therefore, in the method for producing a fuel obtained by adding water and an additive derived from a bio - raw material to light oil or heavy oil according to the present invention, a first liquid composed of a surfactant is added to light oil or heavy oil to obtain a fuel, it is possible to reduce the pollution value of the exhaust gas concentration during the combustion of the fuel, especially regarding SOX, the pollution value is halved, the sulfur content of the light oil or heavy oil used is halved, and the sulfur content and SOX can be reduced by the amount corresponding to the reduction of the base oil and the addition of the additive. This is the characteristic of the present invention.

[0008] In the method for producing a fuel obtained by adding water and an additive derived from a bio - raw material to light oil or heavy oil according to the present invention, an environmentally friendly additive obtained by mixing a first liquid composed of a surfactant and a second liquid composed of a bio - fuel mainly made of vegetable oil is added to light oil or heavy oil to obtain a fuel, it is possible to reduce the pollution value of the exhaust gas concentration during the combustion of the fuel, especially regarding SOX, the pollution value is halved, the sulfur content of the light oil or heavy oil used is halved, and the sulfur content and SOX can be reduced by the amount corresponding to the reduction of the base oil and the addition of the additive. This is also a characteristic of the present invention.

[0009] In the method for producing a fuel obtained by adding water and an additive derived from a bio - raw material to light oil or heavy oil according to the present invention, an environmentally friendly additive obtained by mixing a first liquid composed of a surfactant, water selected from tap water, purified water, and reformed water, and a second liquid composed of a bio - fuel mainly made of vegetable oil is added to light oil or heavy oil to obtain a fuel, it is possible to reduce the pollution value of the exhaust gas concentration during the combustion of the fuel, especially regarding SOX, the pollution value is halved, the sulfur content of the light oil or heavy oil used is halved, It is also characterized in that the base oil is reduced and the sulfur content and SOX can be reduced by the amount of the additive added.

[0010] In the method for producing a fuel containing water and an additive derived from a bio-based material in light oil or heavy oil of the present invention, the first liquid is a surfactant mainly composed of a fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, petroselenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, tuberculostearic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, cerotic acid, montanic acid or melissic acid. It is also characterized by this.

[0011] In the method for producing a fuel containing water and an additive derived from a bio-based material in light oil or heavy oil of the present invention, the first liquid is a mixture containing one or more alcohols that can be synthesized from biomass selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, and isopropyl alcohol. It is also characterized by this.

[0012] In the method for producing a fuel containing water and an additive derived from a bio-based material in light oil or heavy oil of the present invention, the second liquid is mainly composed of one or more alcohols that can be synthesized from biomass selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, and isopropyl alcohol. It is also characterized by this.

[0013] In the method for producing a fuel containing water and an additive derived from a bio-based material in light oil or heavy oil of the present invention, the first liquid is a mixed liquid composed of oleic acid and isopropyl alcohol, It is also characterized in that it is a mixed liquid obtained by adding 15% to 30% by weight of the isopropyl alcohol to 60% to 80% by weight of the oleic acid and stirring well.

[0014] In the method for producing a fuel obtained by adding water and an additive derived from a bio-based material to light oil or heavy oil of the present invention, the first liquid is a mixed liquid composed of oleic acid, isopropyl alcohol, and cyclohexylamine, and after setting the temperature during mixing of the mixed liquid to 25°C to 45°C, first, 10% by weight to 30% by weight of the isopropyl alcohol is added to 40% by weight to 80% by weight of the oleic acid and stirred well, and then, 5% by weight to 20% by weight of the cyclohexylamine is added and stirred well, and it is characterized in that it is a mixed liquid thus obtained.

[0015] In the method for producing a fuel obtained by adding water and an additive derived from a bio-based material to light oil or heavy oil of the present invention, a first liquid composed of oleic acid, water composed of any one of tap water, purified water, and reformed water, a second liquid composed of a biofuel mainly made of vegetable oil, a third liquid composed of cyclohexylamine, and fuel oil composed of light oil or heavy oil are a fuel obtained by mixing the first liquid with the fuel oil, then adding the water, further mixing the second liquid, and finally mixing the third liquid, which is also characterized.

Advantages of the Invention

[0016] Even when the fuel produced by the method for producing a fuel obtained by adding water and an additive derived from a bio-based material to light oil or heavy oil of the present invention is applied to various combustion engines, it can exhibit performance that is in no way inferior to the performance exhibited in the normal operation of various combustion engines to which only light oil or heavy oil is applied. Therefore, since the consumption of light oil or heavy oil can be significantly reduced compared to the case where only light oil or heavy oil is applied, considering the current industrial situation where reduction of environmental load is required, its commercial value is considered to be very high.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Hereinafter, embodiments of the method for producing a fuel obtained by adding water and an additive derived from a bio-based material to light oil or heavy oil of this invention will be described in detail using examples. (First Liquid) First, regarding the first liquid composed of the surfactant that constitutes the present invention, a) When using oleic acid and isopropyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as IPA) b) When using oleic acid, IPA, and cyclohexylamine These are two cases. Regarding the above a), in the case of the first liquid using only the mixture of the oleic acid and the IPA, the mixing ratio is 15% to 30% by weight of IPA with respect to 60% to 80% by weight of oleic acid. Regarding the above b), 10% to 30% by weight of IPA is added with respect to 40% to 80% by weight of oleic acid. After sufficiently stirring and mixing, 5% to 20% by weight of cyclohexylamine is added and stirred well. At this time, the temperature during mixing is preferably 25°C to 45°C. (Addition of water) Regarding the water to be added, it may be tap water, soft water, alkaline ion water, reformed water, etc., and an arbitrary amount of water addition up to 5% to 50% by weight of water addition can be determined. (Second liquid) The second liquid is composed of fats and oils of other biomass resources using vegetable oil or animal oil as raw materials. Used waste oil can also be used as the fats and oils. For example, in the case of vegetable oil, the fats and oils used as raw materials are subjected to a transesterification reaction with methanol in the presence of a catalyst such as sodium hydroxide, glycerin is removed, and fatty acid methyl ester (hereinafter referred to as FAME) can be mentioned. As long as it can be converted into the above-mentioned FAME, reduce the viscosity while maintaining the calorific value of the oil, be easy to mix with petroleum, and be easy to burn. Note that FAME does not generate sulfur oxides even when burned, can be mixed with petroleum in any ratio, and has many advantages such as a high flash point and lubricity. However, since its characteristic is to reduce the viscosity, other production methods than fatty acid methyl ester may be used for the fats and oils. For example, a method of hydrocarbonating the fats and oils can be mentioned. It is also possible to use a catalytic cracking reaction. Furthermore, fats and oils obtained by subjecting the fats and oils to a decomposition reaction with a catalyst to extract hydrocarbons can also be used.

[0018] (Examples of fuel production methods) The fuel oils targeted by the present invention include light oil, heavy oil, kerosene, and gasoline. (1) Mix the first liquid with the fuel oil. (2) Next, add water to the mixed liquid obtained in (1) above. (3) Then, add the second liquid to the mixed liquid obtained in (2) above. Any mixing ratio can be used for the above mixing. Depending on the components of the target fuel oil, the state and formulation of the first liquid and / or the second liquid can be adjusted. For example, in the case of light oils such as kerosene and jet fuel, the second liquid is preferably a hydrocarbon oil derived from biomass. Also, it becomes possible to adjust the properties of the hydrocarbon oil during the purification process.

[0019] (Example of purification of the first liquid) Put 5000 ml into a beaker, add oleic acid, and stir well using a magnetic stirrer. While stirring, add IPA next. While stirring sufficiently, add cyclohexylamine to the mixture of oleic acid and IPA that has been added. Then continue stirring for 15 minutes. The quantities of each can be changed in terms of their multiples with respect to the target fuel oil as described above. In the case of tap water as the water to be added, it conforms to the standards of tap water in Japan. When using soft water, the value of the soft water is set to 0 (zero). Generally, a water softener into which an ion exchange resin is incorporated can be used. Also, in the case of reformed water, for tap water standards as drinking water in Japan and other waters, water filtered by a water purifier, seawater, severely dirty water, hard water, soft water, etc., can be used as long as it is made into pure water using an RO membrane or the like. Water with minerals added or other conditioned water can also be used. After that, the water produced by passing through natural ore or artificial ore, or both natural ore and artificial ore, is used as reformed water. As natural ores for producing modified water, pyrite, marcasite, cinnabar, galena, bornite, halogenated minerals, fluorite, cryolite, tourmaline, obsidian, magnesium, calcite, uranophane (thortveitite), colemanite, borax, howlite, gypsum, barite, celestite, autunite, carnotite, tiger's eye, black sandstone, medlar stone, badgashstein ore, quartz, etc. are used, and the particle size thereof may be 1 to 5 mm, 5 to 10 mm, 10 to 20 mm, 20 to 40 mm, 30 to 50 mm according to the type. In addition, as artificial ores for producing modified water, terahertz ores and the like are mentioned. When using artificial ores, it is also characterized in that at least one kind of metal such as silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, zinc, chromium, manganese, zirconium, strontium, stainless steel, silver is mixed as a substance other than the artificial ore. In addition to natural ores, it is also effective to add minerals extracted from natural ores. For example, minerals extracted from weathered granite are used. Examples of the added mineral components and the substances of the added individuals are as follows: calcium, phosphorus, silicon, magnesium, sodium, selenium, zinc, vanadium, germanium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, copper, tungsten, cobalt, lithium, barium, iron, potassium, aluminum, rubidium, titanium, etc.

[0020] (Example of purification of the second liquid) The above FAME is used. Depending on the components of the target fuel oil and the fuel use environment, hydrocarbon biofuels can also be used. Currently, technologies for purifying fuels equivalent to light oil from bio-derived oils using various biofuel technologies are widespread. Any of them can be used, and an example of the manufacturing process of the above FAME is as follows. 1. Use new canola oil or oil from which tempura scraps have been removed from waste cooking oil. 2. Heat the waste cooking oil to 60 °C, stir it, and remove the moisture. 3. Prepare sodium methoxide. For new oil, it is prepared by mixing 3.5 g of sodium hydroxide and 20 wt% of methanol per 1 L. 4. Add sodium methoxide and methanol to new oil (canola oil) and waste cooking oil, stir at 60 °C by weight, and produce fatty acid methyl ester and glycerin through transesterification. 5. Let it stand to precipitate the by-product glycerin and then remove it. 6. Neutralize the FAME in the refining process by adding hot water heated to 80 °C and stirring, wash it 5 - 6 times with hot water, let it stand, and then drain the water. 7. Finally, heat to drive off the moisture. The second liquid, which is the FAME fuel oil produced through the above process, can exhibit completely different performance from FAME when mixed with the first liquid. As described above, the first liquid, the second liquid, light oil or heavy oil, and water can be mixed at a predetermined mixing ratio and used as fuel.

[0021] Verification data (driving test results) when the fuel obtained as described above is used in a generator, a boiler, a Toyota Hiace (vehicle), and a Toyota Dyna truck (vehicle) are shown below. Hereinafter, the fuel obtained by adding the additive derived from the bio-based material of the present invention to light oil and the fuel obtained by adding the additive derived from the bio-based material of the present invention and water to light oil are collectively referred to as the fuel obtained according to the present invention. (In the case of a generator) Tables 1 - 10 show the experimental results of the operating hours of the generator when only light oil is used as the fuel and when the fuel obtained according to the present invention is used as the fuel.

[0022]

Table 1

[0023]

Table 2

[0024]

Table 3

[0025]

Table 4

[0026]

Table 5

[0027]

Table 6

[0028]

Table 7

[0029]

Table 8

[0030]

Table 9

[0031]

Table 10

[0032] As can be seen from the experimental results on the same day in each of the above tables, the operating time of the generator when using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel is not inferior at all compared to the operating time of the generator when using only light oil as fuel. For example, in the first experiment of Table 1, the operating time of the generator (IDG3100M) when using only 1000 ml of light oil as fuel was 20 minutes and 31 seconds. In the third experiment of Table 2, when using 600 ml of light oil containing 160 ml of the additive derived from bio-based raw materials of the present invention and 200 ml of warm water as water as fuel, the operating time of the same generator was 24 minutes and 10 seconds. Considering the unevenness of the experimental results for each experiment of the operating time of the generator, there is no significant difference in the operating time of the generator between the case of using only light oil as fuel and the case of using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel. It can be seen that the fuel obtained by the present invention is a fuel that realizes a combustion efficiency not inferior to that of using only light oil as fuel and can be applied to the generator without problems. That is, the fuel obtained by the present invention can significantly reduce the consumption of light oil compared to the case where only light oil is used as fuel, is economical, and can also achieve a reduction in environmental load by suppressing the consumption of light oil.

[0033] (In the case of a boiler) Tables 11 to 18 show the experimental results of the operating hours of a boiler when only heavy oil is used as fuel for the boiler and when the fuel obtained by the present invention is used as fuel.

[0034] [Table 11] This is a table showing the first boiler verification data using heavy oil as fuel on November 12, 2020.

[0035] [Table 12] This is a table showing the second boiler verification data using heavy oil containing water and an additive derived from a bio-based material as fuel on November 12, 2020.

[0036] [Table 13] This is a table showing the third boiler verification data using heavy oil containing an additive derived from a bio-based material as fuel on November 12, 2020.

[0037] [Table 14] This is a table showing the fourth boiler verification data using heavy oil containing an additive derived from a bio-based material as fuel on November 12, 2020.

[0038] [Table 15] This is a table showing the first boiler verification data using heavy oil as fuel on November 16, 2020.

[0039]

Table 16

[0040]

Table 17

[0041]

Table 18

[0042] As can be seen from the experimental results on the same day in each of the above tables, the operating time of the boiler when using the fuel obtained by the present invention is no less than that when using only heavy oil as the fuel. For example, when only 5000 ml of heavy oil in Table 15 was used as the fuel, the operating time of the boiler (NTEC) was 13 minutes and 16 seconds. However, when 1250 ml of heavy oil in Table 24 was mixed with a total of 3750 ml of the additive derived from bio-based raw materials of the present invention to form the fuel, the operating time of the same boiler was 12 minutes and 46 seconds. Considering the unevenness of the experimental results for each experiment of the boiler's operating time, there is no significant difference in the boiler's operating time between using only heavy oil as the fuel and using the fuel obtained by the present invention. It can be seen that the fuel obtained by the present invention realizes a combustion efficiency no less than that when using only heavy oil as the fuel and can be applied to the boiler without problems. That is, the fuel obtained by the present invention can significantly reduce the consumption of heavy oil compared to the case where only heavy oil is used as fuel, is economical, and can also reduce the environmental load by suppressing the consumption of heavy oil.

[0043] (In the case of Toyota Hiace) Tables 19 to 23 show the results of the driving tests of Toyota Hiace when using only light oil as fuel and when using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel.

[0044]

Table 19

[0045]

Table 20

[0046]

Table 21

[0047]

Table 22

[0048]

Table 23

[0049] As can be seen from the driving test results on the same day in each of the above tables, the fuel consumption of the Toyota Hiace per liter (hereinafter referred to as fuel efficiency) when using only light oil as fuel is not inferior at all to that when using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel. For example, when only 5280 ml of light oil was used as fuel for the Toyota Hiace on November 6 in Table 19, the fuel efficiency was 9.66 km / L. However, when using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel for the same Toyota Hiace on November 6 in the same table, the fuel efficiencies were 8.97 ml / L, 8.86 ml / L, and 9.40 km / L. Considering the unevenness of the fuel efficiency experiment for the Toyota Hiace, there is no significant difference in the fuel efficiency of the Toyota Hiace between the case of using only light oil as fuel and the case of using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel. It can be seen that the fuel obtained by the present invention is a fuel that realizes combustion efficiency not inferior to that of using only light oil as fuel and can be applied to vehicles such as the Toyota Hiace without problems. That is, it can be seen that the fuel obtained by the present invention can significantly suppress the consumption of light oil compared to the case of using only light oil as fuel, is economical, and can also achieve a reduction in environmental load by suppressing the consumption of light oil.

[0050] (In the case of Toyota Dyna Truck) Tables 24 and 25 show the results of the driving tests of a Toyota Dyna Truck when using only light oil as fuel and when using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel.

[0051]

Table 24

[0052]

Table 25

[0053] As can be seen from the driving test results on the same day in each of the above tables, the fuel consumption per liter of the Toyota Dyna truck when using only light oil as fuel (hereinafter referred to as fuel efficiency) is not inferior at all to that of the Toyota Dyna truck when using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel. For example, when only 8000 ml of light oil on September 14 in Table 24 was used as fuel, the fuel efficiency of the Toyota Dyna truck was 9.27 km / L. When the fuel obtained by the present invention on November 9 in the same table was used as fuel, the fuel efficiency of the same Toyota Dyna truck was 8.92 ml / L, 8.92 ml / L, 8.60 km / L, and 9.26 km / L. Considering the unevenness of the fuel efficiency experiment of the Toyota Dyna truck, there is no significant difference in the fuel efficiency of the Toyota Dyna truck between the case of using only light oil as fuel and the case of using the fuel obtained by the present invention as fuel. It can be seen that the fuel obtained by the present invention is a fuel that realizes combustion efficiency not inferior to that of the case of using only light oil as fuel and can be applied to large vehicles such as Toyota Dyna trucks without problems. That is, it can be seen that the fuel obtained by the present invention can significantly suppress the consumption of light oil compared to the case of using only light oil as fuel, is economical, and can also achieve a reduction in environmental load by suppressing the consumption of light oil.

Industrial Applicability

[0054] As described above, the fuel obtained by using the method for producing a fuel containing water and an additive derived from a bio-based material in light oil or heavy oil according to the present invention can achieve combustion efficiency that is in no way inferior to that of only light oil or only heavy oil, which are commonly used fuels, as fuels for generators, boilers, and from passenger cars to large trucks. Of course, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied not only to generators, boilers, passenger cars, and large trucks, but also to devices equipped with combustion engines that use light oil or heavy oil or other petroleum fuels.

Claims

1. In a fuel oil composed of light oil or heavy oil, a first liquid containing 60% to 80% by weight of oleic acid and 15% to 30% by weight of isopropyl alcohol, prepared by stirring while maintaining the temperature during mixing at 25°C to 45°C, water composed of tap water, soft water, alkaline ionized water, or reformed water passed through at least one of zeolite, pyrite, fluorite, and terahertz ore, a second liquid made from vegetable oil or animal oil and having fatty acid methyl ester as the main component, A method for producing a fuel containing water and a bio-based additive in light oil or heavy oil, characterized by mixing the above with the fuel oil.

2. The method for producing a fuel containing water and a bio-based additive in light oil or heavy oil according to Claim 1, wherein the first liquid contains 5% to 20% by weight of cyclohexylamine.

3. The method for producing a fuel containing water and a bio-based additive in light oil or heavy oil according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the water is reformed water obtained by passing through at least one of zeolite, pyrite, fluorite, and terahertz ore.

4. The method for producing a fuel containing water and a bio-based additive in light oil or heavy oil according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the water is contained in a proportion of 10% to 30% by weight based on the fuel oil.

Images