Fire suppression method and fire suppression chemical sprayer

Abstract

To provide a method for suppressing fires and a chemical ejector for suppressing fires, the purpose of which is to suppress fires by disallowing ignition of scattered fuel or, if such fuel is ignited, obtaining temporal leeway until evacuation from spreading flames occurs in order to prevent deliberate fires such as in arson attacks.SOLUTION: This method for suppressing fires involves spraying a fire-suppressing agent (99) on a wide area for fewer than 10 seconds in response to criminal acts such as scattering fuel to set fires and other such arson attacks, thereby suppressing ignition or explosion, the fire-suppressing agent having an effect for suppressing evaporation of fuel or keeping flames away from flammable materials.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1B

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire suppression method and a fire suppression agent dispenser for preventing an artificial fire such as arson terrorism and for preventing the spread of a fire.

Background Art

[0002] It is difficult to prevent an artificial fire such as arson terrorism that is caused by a person intentionally spreading a flammable liquid such as gasoline or kerosene and igniting it. In particular, if it is ignited after the fuel has been spread and some time has passed, it will not only explode and burn, but also the fire extinguishing response after ignition is extremely difficult. It is also desirable to effectively suppress a fire in advance for unintentional combustibles (combustibles that have leaked or spread due to an accident or carelessness).

[0003] Therefore, a method has been proposed in which a nozzle that radiates a chemical agent in a fan shape is used to attach the chemical agent to a combustible (for example, the wall of a cultural property) without gaps at a thickness that produces an effect of preventing the spread of a fire, thereby preventing the spread of the fire (Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, such a method for preventing the spread of a fire does not recognize the problem of preventing an artificial fire such as arson terrorism using a fuel such as a flammable liquid. In addition, it is desired to more powerfully suppress a fire.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its object is to prevent an artificial fire such as an arson terrorist attack by not igniting the scattered fuel (flammable liquid), or by obtaining a time margin until the fire spreads even if it is ignited, and suppressing the flame. Furthermore, it is to provide a fire suppression method and a fire suppression agent radiator that can effectively suppress a non-artificial fire.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] The fire suppression method according to the present invention is characterized in that For criminal acts such as arson terrorist attacks where fuel is scattered and set on fire, a chemical agent (e.g., fire suppressant 99 as a chemical agent described later) having an effect of suppressing fuel evaporation and a flame retardant effect on combustibles is radiated over a wide area in a short time (e.g., less than 10 seconds) to suppress ignition and explosion (deflagration or explosion combustion). Furthermore, it is to suppress fires caused by accidents, carelessness, fuel leakage and diffusion, and general combustibles.

[0008] The present invention includes the following aspects 。 1 A storage container for storing a chemical agent having an effect of suppressing fuel evaporation and a flame retardant effect on combustibles, a flow path communicating with the storage container and having a cross-sectional area of 25 square millimeters or more per liter of the volume of the chemical agent, and an opening communicating with the flow path and discharging the chemical agent while diffusing it. For criminal acts such as arson terrorist attacks where fuel is scattered and set on fire, a chemical agent having an effect of suppressing fuel evaporation and a flame retardant effect on combustibles is radiated over a wide area in a short time When the center of the radiation range of the drug is set horizontally, the drug is radiated in a range of 30 degrees to 150 degrees horizontally and 15 degrees to 90 degrees vertically. A fire suppression agent radiator for suppressing ignition and explosion. 2 The chemical agent is characterized by being radiated in less than 10 seconds, 1 The fire suppression agent radiator according to 3 The chemical agent is characterized by being radiated at 4 square meters or more per liter, 1 or​​​​​2 The fire suppression chemical emitter described in 4 The opening is provided with a wire mesh, and the chemical is configured to be discharged to the outside in a state of being entrained in air and forming bubbles. 1 ~ 3 The fire suppression chemical emitter according to any one of 5 The drug contains at least two selected from the group consisting of fluorine-based surfactants, hydrocarbon-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, other surfactants, phosphate flame retardants, thickeners, flame retardants, and freezing point depressants. 1 ~ 4 The fire suppression chemical emitter according to any one of 6 1 ~ 5 A fire suppression method for emitting the chemical from the fire suppression chemical emitter according to any one of 。

Advantages of the Invention

[0009] The present invention can suppress a flame so as not to ignite the scattered fuel or, even if it is ignited, to obtain a time margin until the spread of combustion is avoided, in order to prevent an artificial fire such as a terrorist arson. Furthermore, the same effect can be obtained even in a normal fire.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010]

Figure 1A

Figure 1B

Figure 1C

Figure 2

Figure 3

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Figure 5

Figure 6A

Figure 6B

Figure 6C

Figure 7A

Figure 7B

Figure 8A

Figure 8B

Figure 8C

Figure 9A

Figure 9B

Figure 9C

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the upper or lower direction means the upper or lower in the state where the fire suppression agent radiator 10 is standing upright (Figure 1B).

[0012] (Configuration of the Fire Suppressant Ejector 10 (Pressurized Type)) Figs. 1A to 1C are three views showing a pressurized fire suppressant ejector according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1A is a rear view of the fire suppressant ejector 10, Fig. 1B is a side view of the fire suppressant ejector 10, and Fig. 1C is a top view of the fire suppressant ejector 10.

[0013] The fire suppressant ejector 10 of the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the ejector 10) is of a type called a pressurized type. The ejector 10 has a pressure-resistant container 11. Inside the pressure-resistant container 11, there are enclosed a fire suppressant 99 as a chemical that suppresses the evaporation of artificially scattered fuel (flammable liquid) and suppresses ignition of the fuel and explosive combustion of the fuel, a third gas introduction pipe 15, and a first discharge pipe (first flow path) 17. The first discharge pipe 17 is also called a siphon pipe.

[0014] Outside the pressure vessel 11, a nozzle unit 50 is attached to the pressure vessel 11. The nozzle unit 50 includes a second discharge pipe (second flow path) 18, a third discharge pipe (third flow path) 19, a nozzle 55, a first gas introduction pipe 57, a second gas introduction pipe 58, a handle 60, and a gas cartridge 70, which are attached. The second discharge pipe (second flow path) 18 guides the fire extinguishing agent 99 that has come via the first discharge pipe 17 toward the third discharge pipe 19 and the opening 20. The third discharge pipe (third flow path) 19 guides the fire extinguishing agent 99 that has come via the second discharge pipe 18 toward the opening 20. The nozzle 55 discharges the fire extinguishing agent 99 that has come via the third discharge pipe 19 from the opening 20 and sprays (radiates) the fire extinguishing agent 99 onto the combustible material 200, which is the object on fire. The first gas introduction pipe 57 guides the gas that has come from the gas cartridge 70 toward the second gas introduction pipe 58 and the third gas introduction pipe 15. The second gas introduction pipe 58 guides the gas that has come via the first gas introduction pipe 57 toward the third gas introduction pipe 15. The gas cartridge 70 is a pressurized gas container that serves as a pressure source for spraying (radiating), and the gas container is filled with, for example, nitrogen gas, helium gas, carbon dioxide gas, etc. Nitrogen may preferably be filled in the gas container to improve foaming.

[0015] Also, the nozzle unit 50 is provided with a cap nut 51, which is configured to enable the nozzle unit 50 to be attached to the pressure vessel 11 and to prevent the fire extinguishing agent 99 inside the pressure vessel 11 from leaking to the outside. Further, a handgrip 52 is attached to the nozzle unit 50, which is configured to enable a person (operator) to carry the radiator 10. Additionally, a gas cartridge cover 72, indicated by a dashed line that covers the gas cartridge 70, may be attached to the nozzle unit 50. Note that the gas cartridge 70 may be configured to be enclosed within the pressure vessel 11.

[0016] The pressure-resistant container 11 is made of a metal such as an aluminum material. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1C, the pressure-resistant container 11 has a substantially cylindrical cylindrical portion 12 with a substantially constant diameter and a shoulder portion 13 having a shape that is reduced in diameter and curved in a substantially bowl shape, and the cylindrical portion 12 and the shoulder portion 13 are integrally formed seamlessly. Note that the cylindrical portion 12 and the shoulder portion 13 do not necessarily need to be seamless and may be joined by welding or the like.

[0017] The handle 60 includes a fixed handle portion 61 that is fixed and a movable handle portion 62 that is configured to be movable in the vertical direction with respect to the fixed handle portion 61. Further, the handle 60 is attached with a safety lock 63 for restricting the vertical movement of the movable handle portion 62 and a pin safety plug 64 for fixing the safety lock 63 in a locked state. The movable handle portion 62 can rotate with respect to the fixed handle portion 61 about the pin 66 in a state where the pin safety plug 64 is removed from the handle 60 and the safety lock 63 is changed from the locked state to the unlocked state, and the free end of the movable handle portion 62 can move up and down. Then, based on the operation of the handle 60, a punch 65 composed of a cutter or the like is actuated to rupture (break) the sealing plate 71 of the gas cartridge 70. The gas cartridge 70 in which the sealing plate 71 has been ruptured by the punch 65 releases gas (for example, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, helium gas, etc.) and discharges the gas into the pressure-resistant container 11 through the first gas introduction pipe 57, the second gas introduction pipe 58, and the third gas introduction pipe 15.

[0018] The fire suppressant 99 is pressurized using the pressure of the gas discharged into the pressure-resistant container 11, passes through the first discharge pipe 17, the second discharge pipe 18, and the third discharge pipe 19, and is sprayed (radiated) from the opening 20 of the nozzle 55 and discharged to the combustible object 200 as the object to be protected from fire. Note that a sealing plate (not shown) is also provided between the first discharge pipe 17 and the second discharge pipe (second flow path) 18, and is configured to rupture by the pressure of the gas.

[0019] (Configuration of the radiator 10 (accumulator type)) In FIGS. 1A to 1C, the pressurized radiator 10 has been described, but the radiator 10 may be a pressure accumulation type. Here, FIG. 2 is a view showing a pressure accumulation type fire suppression agent radiator 10 targeted for another embodiment of the present invention. Inside the pressure resistant container 11 of the pressure accumulation type radiator 10, together with a fire suppression agent 99 as an agent that suppresses the evaporation of artificially scattered fuel (flammable liquid), suppresses ignition of the fuel, and suppresses the explosion combustion of the fuel, a gas (for example, nitrogen gas + helium gas, etc.) serving as a pressure source for spraying (radiation) is enclosed (pressure accumulated) at a predetermined pressure (for example, about 0.7 to about 0.9 megapascals). Further, a first discharge pipe 17 is enclosed inside the pressure resistant container 11 of the pressure accumulation type radiator 10.

[0020] Outside the pressure resistant container 11, a nozzle unit 50 is attached to the pressure resistant container 11. The nozzle unit 50 includes a second discharge pipe (second flow path) 18 that guides the fire suppression agent 99 that has come via the first discharge pipe 17 toward the third discharge pipe 19 and the opening 20, a third discharge pipe (third flow path) 19 that guides the fire suppression agent 99 that has come via the second discharge pipe 18 toward the opening 20, a nozzle 55 that discharges the fire suppression agent 99 that has come via the third discharge pipe 19 from the opening 20 and sprays (radiates) the fire suppression agent 99 onto the combustible object 200 that is the target of the fire, and a handle 60.

[0021]

[0022] The pressure resistant container 11 is formed of a metal such as an aluminum material. The pressure resistant container 11 has a substantially cylindrical cylindrical portion 12 with a substantially constant diameter and a shoulder portion 13 that has a reduced diameter and is curved in a substantially bowl shape, and the cylindrical portion 12 and the shoulder portion 13 are integrally formed seamlessly. Note that the cylindrical portion 12 and the shoulder portion 13 do not necessarily need to be seamless and may be joined by welding or the like.

[0023] The handle 60 consists of a fixed handle portion 61 that is fixed and a movable handle portion 62 that is configured to be movable in the vertical direction with respect to the fixed handle portion 61. Further, the handle 60 is attached with a safety lock 63 for restricting the vertical movement of the movable handle portion 62 and a pin safety plug 64 for fixing the safety lock 63 in the locked state. The movable handle portion 62 can rotate with respect to the fixed handle portion 61 about the pin 66 when the pin safety plug 64 is removed from the handle 60 and the safety lock 63 is changed from the locked state to the unlocked state, and the free end of the movable handle portion 62 can move up and down. Then, based on the operation of the handle 60, a punch 65 composed of a cutter or the like is operated downward, and a sealing plate 71, which is a member provided between the first discharge pipe 17 and the second discharge pipe (second flow path) 18 and is configured to prevent the gas and the fire suppressant 99 in the pressure-resistant container 11 from leaking to the outside, is ruptured (broken). When the sealing plate 71 is ruptured by the punch 65, the fire suppressant 99 passes through the first discharge pipe 17, the second discharge pipe 18, and the third discharge pipe 19 due to the gas pressure and is sprayed (radiated) from the opening 20 of the nozzle 55 and released to the combustible object 200 as the object to be protected from fire.

[0024] (Type of fire suppressant) Here, as the type of the fire suppressant 99 (agent) enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 of the radiator 10, the following agents are used. (1) Agents containing fluorine-based surfactants, such as agents containing fluorine-based amphoteric surfactants, fluorine-based anionic surfactants, fluorine-based nonionic surfactants, etc., preferably agents containing fluorine-based amphoteric surfactants (manufactured by Chemours Co., Ltd., registered trademark, Capstone TM 1157, etc.) (2) Agents containing hydrocarbon-based surfactants, such as agents containing hydrocarbon-based nonionic surfactants, hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants, hydrocarbon-based amphoteric surfactants, etc., preferably agents containing hydrocarbon-based nonionic surfactants (manufactured by Kao Corporation, registered trademark, Myadol 10, etc.) (3) Agents containing silicone-based surfactants, preferably agents containing polyether-type silicone-based surfactants (4) Agents containing other surfactants, for example, agents containing animal proteins, plant proteins, saponins, etc., preferably agents containing animal proteins (5) Agents containing phosphate flame retardants, for example, agents containing acidic phosphate esters, orthophosphate esters, condensed phosphate esters, phosphite esters, etc., preferably agents containing acidic phosphate esters (methyl acid phosphate) (6) Agents containing thickeners, for example, natural gums such as xanthan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose, gelatin, agar, etc., preferably agents containing xanthan gum (7) Agents containing freezing point depressants, for example, glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butyl carbitol, hexyl carbitol, alcohols such as glycerin, sorbitol, etc., preferably agents containing ethylene glycol (8) Agents containing flame retardants, for example, agents containing nitrogen compounds such as urea, ammonium salts, guanidine salts, etc., preferably agents containing urea

[0025] As the fire suppressant 99 to be enclosed, any one of the above (1) to (5) may be used, or a mixture of a plurality of them may be used. The fire suppressant 99 to be enclosed preferably contains at least two of the above (1) to (8). Also, any agent that can suppress fire may be used, and instead of the fire suppressant 99, an agent for extinguishing fire (fire extinguishing agent, foaming agent for civil engineering and construction, foaming agent for food, foaming agent for cosmetics, non-foaming flame retardant, flame inhibitor, flame retardant, water-soluble flame retardant paint, flame retardant resin, etc.) may be used. Further, it is preferable to use the fire suppressant 99 that is sprayed (radiated) in a foamed state. The fire suppressant 99 as in (1) can suppress the evaporation and ignition of the combustible vapor of the fuel because it forms a water film on the fuel (especially combustible liquid) when returning from the foamed state to the aqueous solution state. Also, within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, ordinary additives such as a pH adjuster (for example, amines such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, inorganic acids such as sodium tetraborate, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid and citric acid, and monoethanolamine is preferable when neutralizing acidity, and sulfuric acid is preferable when neutralizing alkalinity) and a rust inhibitor (aromatic compounds such as benzotriazole) may be further contained. In addition, the capacity CP (agent amount CP) of the fire suppressant 99 to be enclosed is about 2 liters in the case of a portable type, which is the same type as a conventional fire extinguisher, but it may be a smaller amount (for example, 1 liter) or a larger amount (for example, 6 liters). Also, the fire suppressant 99 may be colored or scented. By coloring or scenting in this way, when the sprayed (radiated) fire suppressant 99 adheres to the clothes of the arson terrorist, etc., it becomes possible to easily identify the arson terrorist.

[0026] (Effect of fire suppressant) The effects of the fire suppressant 99 are shown below. (1) An agent containing a fluorosurfactant has the effect of forming a water film on the scattered fuel (especially combustible liquid) and preventing the evaporation of the fuel. (2) A chemical agent containing a hydrocarbon surfactant forms bubbles on the spilled fuel (especially a flammable liquid), preventing the evaporation of the fuel and having the effect of emulsifying it. (3) A chemical agent containing a silicone surfactant forms bubbles on the spilled fuel (especially a flammable liquid), preventing the evaporation of the fuel and having the effect of emulsifying it. (4) A chemical agent containing other surfactants forms bubbles on the spilled fuel (especially a flammable liquid), preventing the evaporation of the fuel and having the effect of emulsifying it. (5) A chemical agent containing a flame retardant such as phosphates has the effect of suppressing the combustion of common combustibles such as wood, clothing, paper, and resin. (6) A chemical agent containing a thickening agent can maintain the state of bubbles for a long time after being sprayed in the form of bubbles. Also, the adhesion effect to cloth, board, etc. is increased. (7) A chemical agent containing a freezing point depressant can make the fire suppressant difficult to freeze. (8) A chemical agent containing a flame retardant has the effect of suppressing the combustion of common combustibles such as wood, clothing, paper, and resin, similar to phosphates.

[0027] (Type of the sprayer 10) The type of the sprayer 10 having such a pressure-resistant container 11 includes a hand-held type (the same type as a conventional fire extinguisher, with the size of the pressure-resistant container 11 having a chemical agent filling amount CP of 0.8 to 10 liters (preferably 1 to 6 liters)), and a portable type (the type of an aerosol that can be carried, for example, with the size of the pressure-resistant container 11 having a chemical agent filling amount CP of 1 liter or less (preferably 0.2 to 0.5 liters)). Also, there is a fixed type in which the hand-held type or portable type sprayer 10 is fixed and installed at a specific location (for example, a building, vehicle, passage, entrance, etc., a place where it is possible to spray the fire suppressant 99 towards a place where an evacuation route is secured, such as a wall or ceiling). Note that the size of the sprayer 10 is not limited to this, and if it is a sprayer 10 of a size that can be carried like a fire extinguisher, it is a hand-held type, and if it is a sprayer 10 that a person can carry, it is a portable type.

[0028] As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, for example, the dimensions of the 2-liter portable radiator 10 of this embodiment are a height of 520 millimeters, a width (the lateral length of the nozzle unit) of 266 millimeters, and a diameter of the pressure-resistant container 11 of 128 millimeters. Since these dimensions are approximately the same as those of a general 2-liter fire extinguisher, parts of a conventional fire extinguisher can be used as common parts for the radiator 10. By commonly using parts used in a fire extinguisher for the radiator 10 in this way, the cost of the radiator 10 itself can be suppressed, and the radiator 10 can be made compatible with the recycling system of the fire extinguisher. The dimensions shown here are just an example, and the radiator 10 with dimensions different from those shown here may be used as long as the dimensions are determined according to the amount of the agent enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11.

[0029] In the portable type and the carry type, as described above, based on the operation of the handle 60, the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated) from the opening 20 of the nozzle 55 and configured to be released to the combustible material 200. In the carry type, it includes those configured such that, like a general aerosol type, based on pressing down the nozzle 55, the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated) from the opening 20 of the nozzle 55 and released to the combustible material 200.

[0030] The method of spraying (radiating) in the fixed type is the same as that of the hand-held type and the portable type, but it may be configured to spray (radiate) the fire suppressant 99 enclosed using a remote control or the like for remote operation from the opening 20 of the nozzle 55. For example, a fixed type radiator 10 is fixedly attached to a place where the fire suppressant 99 can be sprayed (radiated) with respect to the area around the bank counter where an evacuation route can be secured. Then, when fuel (flammable liquid) is intentionally spilled around the counter, a person operating at the counter operates the spraying switch of the remote control so that the fire suppressant 99 can be sprayed (radiated) in the area around the counter where an evacuation route can be secured. By spraying (radiating) the fire suppressant 99 of the fixed type radiator 10 over a wide area in a short time in this way, it is configured to be able to secure an evacuation route.

[0031] Such a fixed type radiator 10 enables a very inexpensive disaster prevention measure because large-scale construction is not required for conventional fixed sprinklers, etc., and furthermore, it is a space-saving disaster prevention measure. Also, since the fixed type radiator 10 is configured to spray (radiate) the fire suppressant 99 from the opening 20 of the nozzle 55 by remote control, it is possible to suppress a fire without being noticed by or intimidating the arson terrorist. Note that the fixed type radiator 10 may contain a larger amount of the agent than the hand-held type. For example, it may be a radiator 10 enclosing about 2 to 20 liters (preferably about 2 to 16 liters) of the fire suppressant 99.

[0032] (Configuration of the short-time radiation mechanism) The radiator 10 of this embodiment is provided with a short-time radiation mechanism as a mechanism capable of spraying (radiating) the fire suppressant 99 enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 in a short time. The short-time radiation mechanism is composed of a pressurization method (pressurization means), an opening mechanism, and a flow path. When the chemical agent enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 is 2 liters, a conventional fire extinguisher is configured to require 10 seconds or more to complete spraying (radiating). On the other hand, the short-time radiation mechanism of the radiator 10 of this embodiment is configured to require less than 10 seconds, preferably within 5 seconds, and particularly preferably within 2 seconds from the start to the completion of spraying (radiating).

[0033] (Pressurization method (pressurization means)) Examples of the pressurization method include a method of instantaneously releasing the pressure by rupturing the sealing plate 71 of the gas cartridge 70 all at once (for example, the pressurization type described above), a method of instantaneously releasing the pressure from a state where the pressure is constantly stored in the pressure-resistant container 11 (for example, the accumulator type described above), and the like. The pressurization method may be any method as long as it can increase the pressure of the pressure-resistant container 11 and instantaneously release the fire suppressant 99 in the pressure-resistant container 11.

[0034] (Opening mechanism) Examples of the opening mechanism of the radiator 10 include the pressurization type described above and the accumulator type described above.

[0035] (Flow path) The flow path is composed of a first flow path 17, a second flow path 18, and a third flow path 19. The cross-sectional area S of the flow path 16 (the first discharge pipe 17 or the second discharge pipe 18 or the third discharge pipe 19) of the radiator 10 of the present embodiment is configured to be larger than the cross-sectional area of the flow path of a conventional fire extinguisher. Note that, among the cross-sectional area S1 of the first flow path (the first discharge pipe) 17, the cross-sectional area S2 of the second flow path (the second discharge pipe) 18, and the cross-sectional area S3 of the third flow path (the third discharge pipe) 19, the smallest cross-sectional area is taken as the cross-sectional area S of the flow path 16 of the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, when the amount of agent CP to be enclosed is 2 liters and there is one nozzle 55 for one radiator 10, for example, the cross-section of the nozzle 55 is circular, and S3, which is the cross-sectional area S of the flow path 16 (for example, the third discharge pipe 19), is configured to have a size of 250 square millimeters.

[0036] Next, with reference to FIG. 3, the structure of the flow path capable of discharging the agent in a short time will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the flow path of the fire-suppressing agent radiator 10 of the present embodiment and the flow path of a conventional fire extinguisher. The cross-sectional area S of the flow path 16 of the radiator 10 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, that is, the smallest cross-sectional area, is the cross-sectional area S2 of the second flow path 18 provided with the sealing plate 71. And the cross-sectional area S3 of the third flow path 19 and the cross-sectional area S1 of the first flow path are of the same area and are larger than the cross-sectional area S2. Note that S2 is slightly smaller than S1 and S3, and S2 / S3 and S2 / S1 are close to 1. When the sealing plate 71 is provided in the first flow path 17, the cross-sectional area S1 may be the smallest cross-sectional area.

[0037] The cross-sectional area of the flow path of the conventional fire extinguisher, that is, the smallest cross-sectional area, is the cross-sectional area S0 of the nozzle. And the cross-sectional area S0 of the nozzle is smaller than the cross-sectional areas S1, S2, S3 of the flow paths of the radiator 10, and S0 / S1, S0 / S2, S0 / S3 are values smaller than 1 (for example, about 0.5, about 0.3, and even about 0.1), and it takes more than 10 seconds of spraying time to finish spraying 2 liters of the agent. By configuring the flow path 16 of the radiator 10 so as to have such a relationship, that is, by making the ratios (S1 / S0, S2 / S0, S3 / S0) of the cross-sectional areas S1, S2, S3 of the flow path of the radiator 10 to the cross-sectional area S0 of the nozzle larger than 1, it becomes possible to spray the agent in a shorter time than the conventional fire extinguisher. Incidentally, the length of the flow path of the radiator 10 in the present embodiment (the distance from the inlet to the outlet of the flow path of the radiator 10 in FIG. 3) and the length of the flow path of the conventional fire extinguisher (the distance from the inlet to the outlet of the flow path of the fire extinguisher in FIG. 3) may be the same length. Also, although the amount of the agent CP enclosed in the radiator 10 of the present embodiment and the conventional fire extinguisher is 2 liters, other amounts of the agent may be used.

[0038] Also, as shown in FIGS. 1C, 7A, and 7B, in the case where there are two nozzles 55, for example, in the radiator 10 with the drug amount CP to be enclosed being 2 liters, even in the case of the radiator 10 having a plurality of nozzles 55, the cross-section of the nozzle 55 may be circular. In this case, the cross-sectional area S3 of one flow path 16 (the third discharge pipe 19) in the case of the radiator 10 having a plurality of nozzles 55 is configured to have an area of 125 square millimeters, which is smaller than the case where there is one nozzle 55. In the radiator 10 with the drug amount CP to be enclosed being 2 liters, when the time required for spraying (radiating) 2 liters of the drug until completion is the same between the case of having one nozzle and the case of having a plurality of nozzles, the cross-sectional area of the one flow path 16 (for example, 250 square millimeters) in the case of having one nozzle and the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of flow paths 16 (for example, 125 square millimeters × 2 = 250 square millimeters) in the case of having a plurality of nozzles are configured to be the same. By configuring in this way, even in the case of providing a plurality of nozzles 55, the nozzle 55 can have the same performance as the case of having one nozzle 55. In addition, when there are a plurality of nozzles 55, the cross-sectional area S3 of the third discharge pipe 19, which is the flow path connected to the nozzle 55, needs to be the smallest.

[0039] In the pressure - type example of this embodiment, the magnitudes of the cross - sectional areas S are in the order of S1 > S2 > S3. The cross - sectional area S1 of the first discharge pipe 17, which is the flow - through path on the side where the fire - extinguishing agent 99 starts to flow, is the largest, and the cross - sectional area S3 of the third discharge pipe 19 closest to the nozzle 55 (a cross - sectional area about 80% of S1) is configured to be the smallest. Also, in the accumulator - type example of this embodiment, the magnitudes of the cross - sectional areas S are such that S1 = S2 = S3, and the cross - sectional areas of all the flow - through paths are the same. In the case of a general accumulator - type, due to the structure in which a valve is provided between the first discharge pipe 17 and the second discharge pipe 18 and the valve is configured to open based on the operation of the handle 60, S2 is configured to be smaller than S1. However, in the accumulator - type of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, by providing a sealing plate 71 between the first discharge pipe 17 and the second discharge pipe 18, S1 and S2 can have the same cross - sectional area. Thus, the fire - extinguishing agent 99 can flow down the downstream flow - through path without reducing (changing) the flow velocity of the fire - extinguishing agent 99. Regarding the cross - sectional area S of the pressure - type shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, it may also be configured such that S1 = S2 = S3. By configuring it in this way, the effect is achieved that the fire - extinguishing agent 99 can flow down the downstream flow - through path without reducing (changing) the flow velocity of the fire - extinguishing agent 99. Note that the shape of the cross - section of the flow - through path 16 may be an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, etc. in addition to a circular shape.

[0040] Also, the ratio of the capacity CP (chemical agent amount CP) of the fire - extinguishing agent stored in the pressure - resistant container 11 of the radiator 10 in this embodiment to the cross - sectional area S of the flow - through path 16 is configured to satisfy the following relational expression. (Relational expression) (Chemical agent amount CP stored in the pressure - resistant container 11) : (Cross - sectional area S of the flow - through path 16) = (2 liters) : (50 square millimeters or more, preferably 80 square millimeters or more, more preferably 100 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit value is, for example, 600 square millimeters or less, preferably 500 square millimeters or less, more preferably 400 square millimeters or less)

[0041] In the case of 1 liter, the chemical agent amount CP: cross-sectional area S = 1 liter: (25 square millimeters or more, preferably 40 square millimeters or more, more preferably 50 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit is, for example, 300 square millimeters or less, preferably 250 square millimeters or less, more preferably 200 square millimeters or less). Thus, by using a cross-sectional area S such that the volume CP is 25 square millimeters or more per 1 liter, regardless of the volume CP of the fire suppressant 99 in the pressure-resistant container 11, the fire suppressant 99 enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 can be sprayed (radiated) in less than 10 seconds. Although an example where the ratio of the volume CP to the cross-sectional area S is 1 liter: 25 square millimeters or more has been shown, a preferred example is that the volume CP: cross-sectional area S = 1 liter: 125 square millimeters or more. It is preferable to use a low-resistance flow path 16 so that the fire suppressant 99 in the pressure-resistant container 11 can be released instantaneously.

[0042] The cross-sectional area S of the flow path 16 that enables the chemical agent amount CP enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 to be sprayed (radiated) within 10 seconds to 2 seconds is as follows. (Portable type 1) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 0.2 liter, a cross-sectional area S of 5 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 25 square millimeters or more, more preferably 50 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 300 square millimeters or less. (Portable type 2) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 0.5 liter, a cross-sectional area S of 12.5 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 25 square millimeters or more, more preferably 62.5 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 300 square millimeters or less. (Handheld type 1) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 1 liter, a cross-sectional area S of 25 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 125 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 300 square millimeters or less. (Handheld type 2) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 2 liters, a cross-sectional area S of 50 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 250 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 600 square millimeters or less. (Carry type 3) For a chemical agent amount CP of 3 liters, a cross-sectional area S of 75 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 375 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 900 square millimeters or less. (Carry type 4) For a chemical agent amount CP of 4 liters, a cross-sectional area S of 100 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 500 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 1200 square millimeters or less. (Carry type 5) For a chemical agent amount CP of 5 liters, a cross-sectional area S of 125 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 625 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 1500 square millimeters or less. (Carry type 6) For a chemical agent amount CP of 6 liters, a cross-sectional area S of 150 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 750 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 1800 square millimeters or less. (Fixed type 1) For a chemical agent amount CP of 16 liters, a cross-sectional area S of 400 square millimeters or more is required. The cross-sectional area S is preferably 2000 square millimeters or more, and the upper limit may be 4800 square millimeters or less.

[0043] For example, when spraying (radiating) the chemical agent amount CP enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 within 2 seconds, it is configured such that the lower limit value of the cross-sectional area S [square millimeters] = 125 × chemical agent amount CP [liters]. Also, when spraying (radiating) the chemical agent amount CP enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 within 5 seconds, it is configured such that the lower limit value of the cross-sectional area S [square millimeters] = 50 × chemical agent amount CP [liters]. Further, when spraying (radiating) the chemical agent amount CP enclosed in the pressure-resistant container 11 in 10 seconds or more (in the case of a conventional fire extinguisher), it is configured such that the upper limit value of the cross-sectional area S [square millimeters] = 25 × chemical agent amount CP [liters].

[0044] When the lengths of the flow paths 16 are the same and the cross-sectional area S of the flow path 16 is constant, the cross-sectional area S and the chemical agent amount CP are proportional. Here, assuming the flow rate is Q [liters / minute], the diameter of the flow path is ΦD [millimeters], the pressure is P [megapascals], and the flow coefficient is Cp, the flow rate Q for the smallest cross-sectional area S (assuming the length of the flow path 16 hardly changes) can be expressed by the following formula. Q = Cp×ΦD^2×(√P)×(√0.098) However, it goes without saying that the flow coefficient Cp changes not only depending on the diameter φD and length of the flow path, but also on its cross-sectional shape, roughness, and material, as well as on the physical properties of the chemical agent and the nozzle structure.

[0045] (Configuration of the wide-area spraying mechanism) The radiator 10 of the present embodiment may be provided with a wide-area spraying mechanism as a mechanism capable of spraying (radiating) the aqueous film-forming foam agent as the fire suppressant 99 in a foam state over a wide protection area. The wide-area spraying mechanism is composed of a nozzle structure, the number of nozzles, and a nozzle arrangement structure. For the wide-area spraying mechanism of the radiator 10 of the present embodiment, the fire suppressant 99 to be sprayed (radiated) can be sprayed (radiated) over an area of 1 square meter or more per liter, but it may also be configured (wide-area spraying mechanism) to be sprayed (radiated) over a wider protection area (an area of 4 square meters or more). In addition, in order to ensure a sufficient fire suppression effect, the upper limit value of the spraying (radiating) area is, for example, about 10 square meters per liter.

[0046] Also, when the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated), it is sprayed (radiated) in a foamed state, and the foaming magnification at that time is configured to be 2 times or more. In addition, it is preferably configured to be sprayed (radiated) with a foaming magnification of 4 times or more. Regarding the foaming magnification, when 1 liter of the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated) and the volume becomes 1 liter, the foaming magnification is called 1 time. When 1 liter of the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated) and the volume becomes 2 liters, the foaming magnification is called 2 times. When 1 liter of the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated) and the volume becomes 4 liters, the foaming magnification is called 4 times. Note that the higher the foaming magnification, the more widely it is configured to be sprayed (radiated) over the protective range area.

[0047] The fire suppressant 99 sprayed (radiated) in a foamed state is configured to cover the fuel (flammable liquid) in the state of a foam layer. When the foaming magnification is 4 times, the thickness of this layer is configured to be 1 millimeter or more. By the layer thickness being 1 millimeter or more, compared with a layer of 1 millimeter or less, it is possible to suppress the evaporation and ignition of the flammable vapor of the fuel (flammable liquid).

[0048] (Nozzle structure) The nozzle 55 has a structure capable of spraying (radiating) the aqueous film-forming foam agent as the fire suppressant 99 in a foamed state over a wide protective range area. Hereinafter, as the nozzle 55, an F-type nozzle, a foam head nozzle, a diffusion nozzle, a foam head nozzle with a two-angle arrangement, etc. are exemplified.

[0049] First, the radiator 10 having an F-type nozzle as a nozzle structure will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the nozzle structure of the F-type nozzle. Specifically, it is a side sectional view showing the entire pressurized radiator 10 having the F-type nozzle. As shown in FIG. 8A, the F-type nozzle 55 is configured to have a flat and fan-shaped third discharge pipe (third flow path) 19 when viewed from above. Then, by spraying (radiating) the fire suppressant 99 from the F-type nozzle 55, the fire suppressant 99 is atomized and configured to entrain air by the momentum of the radiation and foam. Although not shown, by attaching a mesh wire net to the tip of the F-type nozzle 55, it is possible to make the fire suppressant 99 into a state of high expansion ratio foam. The pressurized radiator 10 in FIG. 4 differs only in the nozzle 55 compared to the pressurized radiator 10 in FIGS. 1A to 1C, and since the other components are the same as the components used in FIGS. 1A to 1C, the description is omitted. Needless to say, the components described in FIGS. 1A to 1C and not described in FIG. 4 (for example, the hand-held handle 52, etc.) can also be added to the radiator 10 in FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, the upper first gas introduction pipe 57 and the lower first gas introduction pipe 57 are shown connected by a dashed line, but in actuality, they are connected by a hose.

[0050] Next, the radiator 10 having a foam head nozzle as a nozzle structure will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the nozzle structure of the foam head nozzle. FIG. 5(a) is a front view showing the foam head 100, and the right half is a diagram showing a cross section. FIG. 5(b) is a top view of the disk 101 provided in the foam head 100. FIG. 5(c) is a side sectional view of the disk 101. When foaming the fire suppressant 99 discharged from the nozzle 55 and spraying (radiating) it to the outside as shown in FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 5(a), it is possible to provide the foam head 100 at the tip of the nozzle 55. Note that a structure in which the nozzle 55 and the foam head 100 are integrated is treated as the foam head nozzle 55.

[0051] As shown in Fig. 5(a), the foam head 100 includes a baffle 101 that generates a swirling flow, a wire mesh 102, and air holes 104. The pressurized fire suppressant 99 is configured to flow into the interior of the foam head 100 via the third discharge pipe 19 and the opening 20. The fire suppressant 99 that has flowed into the interior is discharged toward the wire mesh 102 while being swirled by the baffle 101.

[0052] As shown in Fig. 5(a), the baffle 101 is fixed to the shaft 106. Further, as shown in Fig. 5(b), the baffle 101 is provided with three through holes 105a, 105b, and 105c. As shown in Fig. 5(c), the through holes 105a, 105b, and 105c are shaped to incline from the center side toward the outside, and the fire suppressant 99 that has flowed into the interior of the foam head 100 is configured to flow into these through holes 105a, 105b, and 105c. Then, the fire suppressant 99 that has flowed into the through holes 105a to 105c is discharged toward the wire mesh 102 as a swirling flow while being spirally swirled. The fire suppressant 99 discharged from the baffle 101 entrains the air from the air holes 104 and the air when passing through the wire mesh 102 and is discharged to the outside in a foamed state.

[0053] Next, the radiator 10 having a diffusion nozzle as a nozzle structure will be described. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the nozzle structure of the diffusion nozzle. Fig. 6A is a top view showing the diffusion nozzle 55. Fig. 6B is a side view of the diffusion nozzle 55. Fig. 6C is a front view of the diffusion nozzle 55.

[0054] The diffusion nozzle 55 includes a deflector 201 and a wire mesh 202. The deflector 201 is composed of a horizontally long rectangular upper deflector 201a and a horizontally long rectangular lower deflector 201b that has a larger area than the upper deflector, as shown in FIG. 6C. The upper deflector 201a has a shape that opens upward at a predetermined angle, as shown in FIG. 6B. On the other hand, the lower deflector 201b has a shape that opens in the left - right direction at a predetermined angle, as shown in FIG. 6A. Further, a plurality of rectangular slits, specifically, rectangular slits 220a to 220d, are formed in the upper deflector 201a and the lower deflector 201b, as shown in FIG. 6C. A wire mesh 202 is attached to the front side of the deflector 201, and the fire suppressant 99 that has flowed down through the third discharge pipe 19 and the opening 20 is configured to entrain air when passing through the wire mesh 202 and be discharged to the outside in a foamed state.

[0055] The fire suppressant 99 flowing down through the third discharge pipe 19 is discharged from the opening 20 toward the upper deflector 201a and the lower deflector 201b. A part of the fire suppressant 99 discharged from the opening 20 is configured to be sprayed (radiated) along the rear surface of the lower deflector 201b at the rear side of the lower deflector 201b as shown by the dashed-dotted line in Fig. 6A. Specifically, a part of the fire suppressant 99 discharged from the opening 20 is sprayed (radiated) in the left obliquely forward direction and the right obliquely forward direction along the rear surface of the lower deflector 201b. Also, a part of the fire suppressant 99 discharged toward the lower deflector 201b is configured to be sprayed (radiated) on the front side of the lower deflector 201b by passing through the slits 220a, 220b, and 220c of the lower deflector 201b. Specifically, the fire suppressant 99 passing through the slit 220a is separated when passing through the slit 220a and then is sprayed (radiated) in the right obliquely forward direction as shown in Fig. 6A. The fire suppressant 99 passing through the slit 220b is separated when passing through the slit 220b and then is sprayed (radiated) in the forward direction as shown in Fig. 6A. The fire suppressant 99 passing through the slit 220c is separated when passing through the slit 220c and then is sprayed (radiated) in the left obliquely forward direction as shown in Fig. 6A.

[0056] Also, a part of the fire suppressant 99 discharged from the opening 20 is configured to be sprayed (radiated) behind the upper deflector 201a by the upper deflector 201a as shown by the dashed-dotted line in Fig. 6B. Specifically, a part of the fire suppressant 99 discharged from the opening 20 is sprayed (radiated) obliquely forward upward along the rear surface of the upper deflector 201a. Further, a part of the fire suppressant 99 discharged toward the upper deflector 201a is configured to be sprayed (radiated) in front of the upper deflector 201a by passing through a plurality of slits 220d provided in the upper deflector 201a. Specifically, the fire suppressant 99 that has passed through the plurality of slits 220d is separated when passing through the slits 220d and then is sprayed (radiated) forward as shown in Fig. 6A.

[0057] Next, the radiator 10 having a foam head nozzle with a two-stage angular arrangement as a nozzle structure will be described. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the nozzle structure of the foam head 100 with a two-stage angular arrangement. Fig. 7A is a top view showing the nozzle structure of the foam head 100 with a two-stage angular arrangement. Fig. 7B is a side view of the nozzle structure of the foam head 100 with a two-stage angular arrangement. When foaming the fire suppressant 99 discharged from the nozzle 55 and spraying (radiating) it to the outside, it is possible to provide a plurality of foam heads 100 at the tip of the nozzle 55. Note that a structure in which the nozzle 55 and the plurality of foam heads 100 are integrated is treated as the foam head nozzle 55. As a nozzle structure capable of spraying (radiating) widely in the left-right direction, it is preferable to adopt the nozzle structure of the foam head 100 with a two-stage angular arrangement in which two foam heads 100 are attached at a predetermined angle (α degrees) as shown in Fig. 7A. Note that the above-described foam head 100 is used for the foam head 100.

[0058] (Number of nozzles) As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C and 7A, it is preferable to provide a plurality (for example, two) of nozzles 55 (form head nozzles) provided in the radiator 10 in the left-right direction in a top view in a state where the nozzles 55 are facing the combustible material 200. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the nozzle 55 may be configured to be provided singly, or as shown in FIG. 7B, a plurality (for example, two) of nozzles 55 (form head nozzles) may be provided vertically in a side view, and the plurality of nozzles 55 may be attached at different positions in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. 7A. Further, in one nozzle 55, it is also preferable to provide a plurality of (a plurality of openings 20) spraying (radiating) holes, but one spraying (radiating) hole (one opening 20) may also be used. When the nozzle 55 is configured to be provided in a plurality (for example, two) vertically as shown in FIG. 7B, the upper nozzle 55 is configured to spray (radiate) the fire suppressant 99 at a position far from the nozzle 55 (long distance), while the lower nozzle 55 may be configured to spray (radiate) the fire suppressant 99 at a position close to the nozzle 55 (short distance). Further, the upper nozzle 55 may be for short distance and the lower nozzle 55 may be for long distance. By configuring in this way, a layer of the fire suppressant 99 of a certain thickness or more (1 millimeter or more) can be generated even at short and long distances. Furthermore, by making the cross-sectional area S of the flow path 16 connecting the upper nozzle 55 and the lower nozzle 55 different, it may be configured to spray (radiate) the fire suppressant 99 at a short distance (when the cross-sectional area is large) and a long distance (when the cross-sectional area is small).

[0059] (Nozzle arrangement structure) When using a plurality of nozzles 55 (form head nozzles), as shown in Fig. 7A, it is preferably configured to be arranged at an angle of α degrees. Here, an example of α is 15 degrees, but α is preferably in the range of 5 to 45 degrees. Also, as shown in Fig. 7B, in a top view when the nozzle 55 faces the combustible 200, a plurality of them may be provided in the vertical direction instead of the horizontal direction in a side view, or a plurality (for example, two) may be provided in the horizontal direction and a plurality (for example, two) may be provided in the vertical direction, and a plurality (for example, four) of nozzles 55 may be configured to be arranged. Note that it is preferable that the nozzle structure, the number of nozzles, and the nozzle arrangement structure are such that the fire suppressant 99 can be sprayed (radiated) in the same amount within a predetermined range (for example, about 4 square meters / 1 liter). Note that the nozzle 55 may be fixed with a slight upward inclination of several degrees.

[0060] (Configuration of the safety radiation mechanism) The radiator 10 of the present embodiment may be provided with a safety radiation mechanism as a mechanism that reduces the emission sound when spraying (radiating) the fire suppressant 99 and has a low recoil for the operator when spraying (radiating) the fire suppressant 99. The safety radiation mechanism of the radiator 10 of the present embodiment is composed of a silent mechanism and a low recoil mechanism.

[0061] (Silent mechanism) For example, as described above with the number of nozzles, in one nozzle 55, it is configured to provide a plurality of spraying (radiating) holes. By providing such a plurality of spraying (radiating) holes, the emission sound when spraying (radiating) the fire suppressant 99 is dispersed, making it possible to reduce the emission sound. Also, by reducing the emission sound in this way, it is possible not to intimidate the criminal during arson terrorism or the like.

[0062] (Low recoil mechanism) Next, the low-recoil mechanism will be described with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8C. FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams showing a circumferential radiation mechanism as the low-recoil mechanism. As shown in FIG. 8A, the fire suppressant 99 sprayed (radiated) from the nozzle 55 is in the circumferential direction (sector shape with a central angle of β1 degrees) in a top view, and as shown in FIG. 8B, the fire suppressant 99 sprayed (radiated) from the nozzle 55 is also in the circumferential direction (sector shape with a central angle of γ degrees) in a side view. By spraying (radiating) in this way, the vector of the recoil against spraying (radiating) is dispersed as shown by the dashed-dotted arrow in the figure, so it is configured (circumferential radiation mechanism) such that the recoil against the operator is reduced. Regarding the circumferential direction (horizontal direction in the normal spraying state) in the top view shown in FIG. 8A, it is configured to spray (radiate) from the nozzle 55 at an angle of β1 degrees, and β1 degrees is in the range of 30 degrees to 120 degrees.

[0063] Also, regarding the circumferential direction (vertical direction in the normal spraying state) in the side view shown in FIG. 8B, it is configured to spray (radiate) from the nozzle 55 at an angle of γ degrees, and γ degrees is in the range of 15 degrees to 90 degrees.

[0064] Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8C, the fire suppressant 99 sprayed (radiated) from the two nozzles 55 (foam head nozzles) is in the circumferential direction (sector shape with a central angle of β2 degrees) in a top view, and as shown in FIG. 8B, the fire suppressant 99 sprayed (radiated) from the nozzle 55 is also in the circumferential direction (sector shape with a central angle of γ degrees) in a side view. By spraying (radiating) in this way, the vector of the recoil against spraying (radiating) is dispersed, so it is configured (circumferential radiation mechanism) such that the recoil against the operator is reduced. Regarding the circumferential direction in the top view shown in FIG. 8C, it is configured to spray (radiate) from the nozzle 55 at an angle of β2 degrees, and β2 degrees is in the range of 90 degrees to 150 degrees.

[0065] Also, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 8C, a plurality of nozzles 55 are provided at angles of α degrees and β2 degrees, and the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated) in different directions. Thus, similar to what is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the reaction vectors with respect to the spraying (radiation) are dispersed, and the configuration (multi-nozzle angled radiation mechanism) is such that the reaction on the operator is reduced. Note that one nozzle 55 of the multi-nozzle angled radiation mechanism may use a circumferential radiation mechanism. By configuring it in this way, a low-reaction mechanism with a lower reaction than the multi-nozzle angled radiation mechanism can be achieved. Furthermore, although it is preferable that this low-reaction mechanism is composed of the circumferential radiation mechanism and the multi-nozzle angled radiation mechanism, it may be composed of only one of them.

[0066] Next, to suppress a fire, the preferred relationship between the amount of fuel (flammable liquid) scattered and the amount of agent required for suppression will be described. (1) Gasoline: aqueous film foam = 1: 0.3 or more For 1 liter of gasoline, 0.3 liters or more of aqueous film foam is required. (2) Gasoline: synthetic surfactant foam = 1: 1 or more For 1 liter of gasoline, 1 liter or more of synthetic surfactant foam is required. The synthetic surfactant foam requires a larger amount (more than three times the amount of aqueous film foam). (3) Kerosene: aqueous film = 1: 0.1 or more For 1 liter of kerosene, 0.1 liters or more of aqueous film is required. Since kerosene has a higher flash point than gasoline, the amount of agent can be reduced.

[0067] Next, the protected area S4 will be described. FIGS. 9A to 9C are diagrams showing the protected area S4. As shown in FIG. 9A, the protected area (protected area S4) where a fire can be suppressed using the type A nozzle 55 is a substantially square area. Further, when using the type B nozzle 55 different from the type A nozzle, the protected area S4 where a fire can be suppressed is a substantially rectangular area as shown in FIG. 9B. Furthermore, when using the type C nozzle 55 different from the type A and type B nozzles, the protected area S4 where a fire can be suppressed is a substantially rectangular area with a shape obtained by rotating the rectangle using the type B nozzle 55 by 90 degrees as shown in FIG. 9C. Here, the protected area S4 indicates the area where the fire suppressant 99 in an amount (thickness) effective for fire extinguishing and ignition suppression is sprayed. The thickness of the sprayed fire suppressant 99, which is the thickness of the effective fire suppressant 99, is 1 millimeter or more when considered in terms of the foamed (for example, the foaming ratio is 4 times) volume. The protected area S4 is smaller in area than the actually sprayed (radiated) area, and is the area of the range in the actually sprayed area where the thickness of the fire suppressant 99 is 1 millimeter or more. Note that the protected area S4 where a fire can be suppressed may be configured to have the same area even if the type of the nozzle 55 is different. Note that the shape of the protected area is not limited to the above substantially square or substantially rectangular shape, and can be appropriately selected such as a substantially trapezoidal shape, a substantially circular shape, or a substantially elliptical shape.

[0068] Also, nozzles of type A, type B, and type C may be attached to the radiator 10 so that types A to C can be selected and used (nozzle selection mechanism). For example, nozzles 55 of types A to C can be respectively attached in the circumferential direction of the radiator 10 and configured to select the nozzle 55 of the type to be used by rotation. If it is a wide passage or the like, the nozzle of type B can be used, and if it is a narrow passage or the like, the nozzle of type C can be used, so that the protection range in which the fire suppressant 99 is sprayed (radiated) can be varied according to the situation. By thus selecting and using the type of the nozzle 55, the effect that the fire suppressant 99 can be sprayed (radiated) over an optimal protection range is achieved. Note that the nozzle selection mechanism is applicable to any of the portable type, hand-held type, and fixed type radiators 10.

[0069] Next, the relationship between the chemical agent amount CP and the protected area S4 where a fire can be suppressed will be described. Here, an example in the case where the thickness of the foam that can be suppressed is 1 millimeter and the expansion ratio is 4 times is shown. (Portable type 1) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 0.2 liters, a fire in a protected area S4 of 0.8 square meters can be suppressed. (Portable type 2) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 0.5 liters, a fire in a protected area S4 of 2 square meters can be suppressed. (Hand-held type 1) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 1 liter, a fire in a protected area S4 of 4 square meters can be suppressed. (Hand-held type 2) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 2 liters, a fire in a protected area S4 of 8 square meters can be suppressed. (Hand-held type 3) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 3 liters, a fire in a protected area S4 of 12 square meters can be suppressed. (Hand-held type 4) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 4 liters, a fire in a protected area S4 of 16 square meters can be suppressed. (Hand-held type 5) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 5 liters, a fire in a protected area S4 of 20 square meters can be suppressed. (Portable type 6) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 6 liters, it is possible to suppress a fire in a protection range area S4 of 24 square meters. (Fixed type 1) In the case of a chemical agent amount CP of 16 liters, it is possible to suppress a fire in a protection range area S4 of 64 square meters. That is, S4 [square meters] = 4 × chemical agent amount CP [liters].

[0070] As described above, a conventional fire extinguisher filled with 2 liters of chemical agent is configured to be able to spray (radiate) almost all of the chemical agent over a period of 10 seconds or more. Therefore, since there is sufficient time from when the fuel (flammable liquid) is spilled until it catches fire, it can easily catch fire to the fuel, and there is a risk that the fuel will evaporate and explode and burn before the chemical agent is sprayed (radiated) onto the spilled fuel. In addition, with a conventional fire extinguisher, it is necessary to swing the nozzle to spray (radiate) the chemical agent, or it is impossible to spray (radiate) the chemical agent over a wide area. Therefore, it has been a problem to spray (radiate) the chemical agent over a wide area.

[0071] In addition, conventional arson prevention devices and arson suppression systems judge arson acts with sensors and perform preventive measures by means of light, sound, water spray, water dispersion, etc., but there is a problem that they cannot suppress arson when a highly volatile fuel (flammable liquid) such as gasoline is spilled. Furthermore, automatic devices not only have a very high cost for the device itself, but also have problems such as high cost and time required for installation work.

[0072] Based on the configuration shown in the first embodiment described above, the following concepts can be extracted. However, the concepts described below are merely examples, and it goes without saying that combinations and separations (super-conceptualizations) of these concepts, and concepts based on further configurations shown in the first embodiment may be added to these concepts.

[0073] An artificial fire such as an arson terrorist attack caused by a person intentionally spreading fuel (flammable liquid) and igniting it is difficult to prevent in advance. Especially when it is ignited after the fuel has been spread and some time has passed, it will not only explode and burn, but also the fire extinguishing response after ignition is extremely difficult. Therefore, by using a portable suppressant spraying device to spray the suppressant mainly over a wide area of the floor surface in a short time, the evaporation of the fuel after a person intentionally spreads the fuel can be suppressed, and the ignition and explosion combustion of the fuel can be suppressed, and a suppressant spraying method and a suppressant spraying device that can secure an evacuation route are shown below.

[0074] (Agent spraying method) A suppressant (e.g., fire suppressant 99) having a fire prevention effect stored in a portable storage container (e.g., pressure-resistant container 11) is caused to flow into a flow path (e.g., flow path 16) having a cross-sectional area such that the volume of the suppressant stored in the storage container is 25 square millimeters or more per liter. Then, while spreading the flow of the suppressant as the suppressant flows, a suppressant spraying method can be provided in which the suppressant is discharged from an opening (e.g., opening 20) and sprayed onto an object (e.g., combustible 200). In addition, in this suppressant spraying method, the suppressant stored in the storage container is configured to be sprayed within, for example, 2 seconds.

[0075] (Fire suppressant spraying device) In addition, a fire suppressant spraying device can be provided that stores a suppressant (e.g., fire suppressant 99) and includes a portable storage container (e.g., pressure-resistant container 11), a flow path through which the suppressant flows, the flow path having a cross-sectional area such that the volume of the suppressant is 25 square millimeters or more per liter, and a flow path that spreads the flow of the suppressant in the flow direction (e.g., flow path 16), and an opening (e.g., opening 20) that communicates with the flow path and discharges the suppressant while diffusing it.

[0076] As described above, the present invention has been described by way of embodiments, but it should not be understood that the description and drawings forming part of this disclosure limit the present invention. Thus, the present invention naturally includes various embodiments and the like not described herein.

[0077] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-080214 filed on April 30, 2020, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0078] 10 Radiator (fire suppression agent radiator) 11 Pressure-resistant container 12 Cylindrical portion 13 Shoulder portion 15 Third gas introduction pipe 16 Flow path 17 First discharge pipe (first flow path) 18 Second discharge pipe (second flow path) 19 Third discharge pipe (third flow path) 20 Opening 50 Nozzle unit 51 Cap nut 52 Hand handle 55 Nozzle 57 First gas introduction pipe 58 Second gas introduction pipe 60 Handle 61 Fixed handle portion 62 Movable handle portion 63 Safety lock 64 Pin safety plug 65 Punch 66 Pin 70 Gas cartridge (gas container) 71 Sealing plate 72 Gas cartridge cover 99 Fire suppression agent 100 Foam head 101 Disk 102 Wire mesh 104 Air hole Through holes 105a, 105b, 105c Combustible material 200 Deflector 201 Wire mesh 202 Slits 220a, 220b, 220c, 220d

Claims

1. A storage container for storing a chemical agent having an effect of suppressing evaporation of fuel and a flame-retardant effect on combustibles, a flow path communicating with the storage container and having a cross-sectional area of 25 square millimeters or more per liter of the chemical agent, and an opening communicating with the flow path and discharging the chemical agent while diffusing the chemical agent. Against criminal acts such as arson terrorism, where fuel is scattered and set on fire, a chemical agent having an effect of suppressing evaporation of fuel and a flame-retardant effect on combustibles is radiated over a wide area in a short time. When the center of the radiation range of the chemical agent is set horizontally, the chemical agent is radiated in a range of 30 degrees to 150 degrees in the horizontal direction and 15 degrees to 90 degrees in the vertical direction. A chemical agent radiator for suppressing fire that suppresses ignition and explosion.

2. The chemical agent radiator for suppressing fire according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical agent is radiated within less than 10 seconds.

3. The chemical agent radiator for suppressing fire according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the chemical agent is radiated at 4 square meters or more per liter.

4. The chemical agent radiator for suppressing fire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the opening is provided with a wire mesh, and the chemical agent is configured to be discharged to the outside in a state of being entrained with air and in a foam state.

5. The chemical agent contains at least two selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, silicone surfactants, other surfactants, phosphate flame retardants, thickeners, flame inhibitors, and freezing point depressants. The chemical agent radiator for suppressing fire according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A method for suppressing fire, which radiates the chemical agent from the chemical agent radiator for suppressing fire according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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