Paving material with uneven units formed on all sides

Abstract

To provide a paving material that does not require filling with sand or the like for the purpose, can be easily constructed in a short time, and can preferably avoid the problem of noise when compacting the sand layer, and a construction method for a paving surface. It is plate-shaped having an upper surface portion 2, a bottom surface portion, and four side portions 4, each side portion 4 has a side surface and an uneven unit 9, and one uneven unit 9 is composed of four protrusions 7 protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses 8 recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions 7 constituting one uneven unit 9 have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the widest width at the base end. When the width dimension of one uneven unit is W, the width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, and the protrusion dimension P2 from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a paving material that can be laid outdoors such as in a garden, sidewalk, or parking lot to form a paved surface, and can also be used as a deck material that can be laid on a veranda or indoors to form a deck or floor surface. The paving material is made of synthetic resin or metal, and particularly relates to a paving material in which uneven units for engaging with other paving materials are formed on all side portions.

Background Art

[0002] As a method of paving sidewalks, roadways, garages, and other public spaces, a method called interlocking block paving is known. When implementing this paving method, first, concrete curb blocks (ground blocks, boundary blocks, etc.) are arranged so as to surround the periphery of the paving surface to be constructed, and sand is laid on the base layer formed in the inner region to form a sand-laying layer.

[0003] Then, a large number of concrete paving blocks are regularly arranged at a certain interval (joint) on this sand-laying layer, and vibration is applied from above these paving blocks by a plate compactor (vibratory compactor) to compact the sand-laying layer, aligning the height positions of the upper surfaces of the paving blocks to form a flat paving surface. Sand (joint material) is filled in the gaps between the paving blocks, and further, a sealing material is filled in the gaps between the curb blocks and the paving blocks. This method is adopted.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] As described above, when constructing an interlocking block pavement, in order to stabilize the paving blocks, a step of filling the joints with sand is carried out. In this step, a large amount of sand is scattered on the paving surface formed by arranging a large number of paving blocks, and a broom or the like is used to spread it over the entire paving surface, dropping sand into all the joints, and finally, the excess sand needs to be recovered from the paving surface, which is very laborious and time-consuming.

[0006] Further, when compacting the sand layer, when the plate compactor is operated (vibrated) on the paving block, there is a problem that a very loud noise is generated due to the small-scale collision between the metal vibration plate (the bottom plate of the plate compactor) and the concrete paving block. Furthermore, there are also problems such as the sand filled in the joints flowing out, the fixing of the paving blocks loosening, losing flatness, or the paving blocks being damaged.

[0007] The present invention aims to solve such problems in the prior art, and provides a paving material that does not require filling the joints with sand or the like, can be easily constructed in a short time, and can preferably avoid the problem of noise when compacting the sand layer.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] The paving material according to the present invention is plate-shaped with a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and four side portions of the same shape. The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are square. Each side portion has a side surface and uneven units. One uneven unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one uneven unit have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the widest width at the base end portion. When the width dimension of one uneven unit is W, the width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end portion is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, and the protrusion dimension P2 from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W. Among the four protrusions constituting one uneven unit, the interval dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the corner of the top surface portion or the bottom surface portion and the adjacent second protrusion is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, the interval dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the adjacent third protrusion is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, the interval dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the adjacent fourth protrusion is set to the same value as the interval dimension S2, the width dimension of each side portion is set to be the same as the width dimension W of one uneven unit, and one uneven unit is formed on each side portion, respectively.

[0009] In addition, in this paving material, it is preferable that the inclination angles of the side surfaces on both the left and right sides of the protrusion with respect to the direction perpendicular to the side surface are set to 1 to 45°. Also, among the four protrusions constituting one uneven unit, the interval dimension S1 between the first protrusion formed at the position farthest from the center of the uneven unit and the end portion closer to the first protrusion among the both end portions of the uneven unit is set to 3.2 to 4.4 / 100·W, and it is preferable that the interval dimension S5 between the fourth protrusion and the end portion closer to the fourth protrusion among the both end portions of the uneven unit is set to 13.59 to 17.05 / 100·W. Further, it is preferable that the depth dimensions D of the first recess, the second recess, the third recess, and the fourth recess from the side surface are set to 3.5 to 6 / 100·W.

[0010] Also, among four paving materials of the same shape, three paving materials are arranged in an L-shape on a horizontal plane so that a gap of 2 / 100·W is formed between them and engaged with each other. In a situation where the remaining one last paving material is horizontally inserted into the inner corner of these three existing paving materials on the same plane, one tip shoulder of the first protrusion, which is the innermost side of the inner corner, among the protrusions of the last paving material, and the tip shoulder of the fourth protrusion, which is the innermost side of the inner corner, among the protrusions of the existing paving materials are butted against each other at a position where the first protrusion of the last paving material is on the inner side of the inner corner. When the last paving material is translated in a direction in which the sides of the two butted protrusions slide relative to each other from this state, it is preferable that the lateral width dimension P1, the protruding dimension P2, the interval dimension S2, and the interval dimension S3 are set so that the tip shoulder of the fourth protrusion, which is the innermost side of the inner corner, among the protrusions of the last paving material moves on an orbit that does not intersect with the second protrusion, which is the innermost side of the inner corner, among the protrusions of the existing paving materials.

[0011] Another paving material according to the present invention is plate-shaped with a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and four side portions. The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are rectangular. Each side portion has a side surface and at least one concavo-convex unit. One concavo-convex unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the widest width at the base end portion. When the lateral dimension of one concavo-convex unit is W, the lateral dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end portion is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, and the protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W. Among the four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit, the distance dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the corner of the top surface portion or the bottom surface portion and the second protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, the distance dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the third protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, and the distance dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion adjacent thereto is set to the same value as the distance dimension S2. Among the four side portions, the lateral dimension of the short-side portion is set to be the same as the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit, and one concavo-convex unit is formed on the short-side portion. Among the four side portions, the lateral dimension of the long-side portion is set to a value obtained by adding 1 to 3 mm to twice the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit, and a total of two concavo-convex units are formed on the long-side portion, one on each side of the central portion.

[0012] Another paving material according to the present invention is plate-shaped with a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and four side portions. The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are square. Each side portion has a side surface and at least one concavo-convex unit. One concavo-convex unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the widest width at the base end portion. When the lateral dimension of one concavo-convex unit is W, the lateral dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end portion is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, and the protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W. Among the four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit, the interval dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the corner of the top surface portion or the bottom surface portion and the second protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, the interval dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the third protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, the interval dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion adjacent thereto is set to the same value as the interval dimension S2. The lateral dimension of each side portion is set to a value obtained by adding 1 to 3 mm to twice the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit. It is characterized in that a total of two concavo-convex units are respectively formed on both sides of the central portion of each side portion.

[0013] Another paving material according to the present invention is plate-shaped having a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and three side portions. The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are right-angled isosceles triangles. Each side portion has a side surface and a standard uneven unit or a √2-fold uneven unit obtained by expanding the standard uneven unit by √2 times. One standard uneven unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one standard uneven unit are identical in shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid having the largest lateral width at the base end. When the lateral width dimension of one standard uneven unit is W, the lateral width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, and the protrusion dimension P2 from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W. Among the four protrusions constituting one standard uneven unit, the interval dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the top surface portion or the bottom surface portion corner and the second protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, the interval dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the third protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, and the interval dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion adjacent thereto is set to the same value as the interval dimension S2. Among the three side portions, the lateral width dimensions of the side portions of the two adjacent right-angled sides are set to be the same as the lateral width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one standard uneven unit is formed on each of these adjacent side portions. Among the three side portions, the lateral width dimension of the hypotenuse side portion is set to √2 times the lateral width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one √2-fold uneven unit is formed on this hypotenuse side portion.

[0014] Other paving materials according to the present invention are plate-shaped with a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and six side portions. The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are hexagonal. Each side portion has a side surface and a standard uneven unit or a √2-fold uneven unit obtained by expanding the standard uneven unit by √2 times. One standard uneven unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one standard uneven unit have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the widest width at the base end portion. When the width dimension of one standard uneven unit is W, the width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end portion is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, and the protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W. Among the four protrusions constituting one standard uneven unit, the distance dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the top surface portion or the bottom surface portion and the second protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, the distance dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the third protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, and the distance dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion adjacent thereto is set to the same value as the distance dimension S2. Among the six side portions, the width dimensions of two opposing parallel side portions are set to be the same as the width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one standard uneven unit is formed on each of these side portions. Among the six side portions, the width dimensions of the remaining four side portions are set to √2 times the width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one √2-fold uneven unit is formed on each of these side portions.

Advantages of the Invention

[0015] The paving material according to the present invention does not require filling sand or the like in joints, can be easily constructed in a short time, and can preferably avoid the problem of noise when compacting the sand layer. In addition, when a plurality of paving materials are arranged, by engaging the uneven units with each other, it is possible to preferably avoid the paving surface from shifting in the vertical direction and obtain a stable paving surface.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016]

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Embodiment for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Hereinafter, embodiments of the "paving material" of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a paving material 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view thereof. The paving material 1 according to the present embodiment is in a plate shape having an upper surface portion 2, a bottom surface portion 3, and four side portions 4, and is formed of a synthetic resin (or a metal such as aluminum) as a raw material by an injection molding method or other molding methods. In addition, the blending of the raw materials of this paving material 1 is adjusted so that the specific gravity is 1.0 or more.

[0018] Both the upper surface portion 2 and the bottom surface portion 3 are square and have the same size. All four side portions 4 have the same shape, and two vertical side surfaces 5 (an upper side surface 51 and a lower side surface 52) (see FIG. 2) are formed on each side portion 4. In addition, the upper side surface 51 and the lower side surface 52 below it are on the same vertical plane. Further, one concavo-convex unit 9 is formed on each side portion 4. One concavo-convex unit 9 is composed of four protrusions 7 (portions protruding outward from the side surface 5) and four recesses 8 (portions recessed inward from the side surface 5). In the present embodiment, the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 is the same as the lateral width dimension of each side portion 4, and it is preferably set within the range of 75 to 250 mm (more preferably 100 mm or 200 mm).

[0019] The paving material 1 of the present embodiment has the following characteristics regarding the shape, dimensions, and arrangement positions (spacing dimensions), etc. of the protrusions 7 and recesses 8 that constitute one concavo-convex unit 9.

[0020] FIG. 4 is a plan view of the protrusion 7 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in this figure, the protrusion 7 has a trapezoidal planar shape, with the lateral width being the smallest at the tip portion 72 and the largest at the base end portion 71. In the present embodiment, the lateral width dimension P1 of the protrusion 7 at the base end portion 71 is set to 8 / 100 (i.e., 8 / 100·W) of the lateral width dimension W (see FIG. 1) of one concavo-convex unit 9. Also, the protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion 7 from the side surface 5 is set to 3.5 / 100·W. For example, when the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 and the lateral width dimensions of each side portion 4 are set to 100 mm, the lateral width dimension P1 of the protrusion 7 is 8 mm and the protruding dimension P2 is 3.5 mm. Incidentally, it is preferable that the lateral width dimension P1 be set within the range of 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, and the protruding dimension P2 be set within the range of 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W.

[0021] The tip portion 72 of the protrusion 7 is parallel to the side surface 5. The inclination angles R (the inclination angles with respect to the direction orthogonal to the side surface 5) of the side surfaces 73 on both the left and right sides of the protrusion 7 are both set to 15° in the present embodiment. Also, the inclination angle of the side surface 83 of the recess 8 is the same as the inclination angle R of the side surface 73 of the protrusion 7. Incidentally, it is preferable that the inclination angle R be set within the range of 1 to 45° (more preferably 12 to 18°). These features regarding the shapes and dimensions of the protrusions 7 and recesses 8 are common to all the protrusions 7 and recesses 8 formed in this paving material 1.

[0022] FIG. 5 is a plan view of one side portion 4 of the paving material 1 shown in FIG. 1. In this figure, the first protrusion 7a located at the left end (the protrusion formed at the position farthest from the center of the uneven unit 9 among the four protrusions 7 that constitute one uneven unit 9), and the end portion closer to the first protrusion 7a among both end portions of the uneven unit 9 (the corner portion 21a of the upper surface portion 2 that is closest to the first protrusion 7a), the distance dimension S1 therebetween is 4 / 100·W in this embodiment. The distance dimension S2 between the first protrusion 7a and the second protrusion 7b adjacent to its right is 13.5 / 100·W, the distance dimension S3 between the second protrusion 7b and the third protrusion 7c adjacent to its right is 21.5 / 100·W, the distance dimension S4 between the third protrusion 7c and the fourth protrusion 7d adjacent to its right is 13.5 / 100·W (the same as the distance dimension S2), and the distance dimension S5 between the fourth protrusion 7d and the end portion closer to the fourth protrusion 7d among both end portions of the uneven unit 9 (the corner portion 21b of the upper surface portion 2 that is closest to the fourth protrusion 7d) is set to 15.5 / 100·W.

[0023] Incidentally, it is preferable that the distance dimension S1 is set within the range of 3.2 to 4.4 / 100·W, the distance dimension S2 is set within the range of 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, the distance dimension S3 is set within the range of 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, the distance dimension S4 is set within the range of 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, and the distance dimension S5 is set within the range of 13.59 to 17.05 / 100·W.

[0024] Also, the distance dimension S2 is the same as the lateral width dimension of the first recess 8a, the distance dimension S3 is the same as the lateral width dimension of the second recess 8b, the distance dimension S4 is the same as the lateral width dimension of the third recess 8c, and the distance dimension S5 is the same as the lateral width dimension of the fourth recess 8d. The depth dimension D (the depth dimension from the side surface 5) of the first recess 8a, the second recess 8b, the third recess 8c, and the fourth recess 8d is set to 4 / 100·W (it is preferable to set it within the range of 3.5 to 6 / 100·W).

[0025] In the paving material 1 of this embodiment, one such uneven unit 9 is formed in each of all (four sides') side portions 4.

[0026] Furthermore, the thickness dimension H1 of the upper side surface 51 and the thickness dimension H2 of the lower side surface 52 in each side portion 4 (see FIG. 2) are preferably set within the range of 4 to 7 mm, and the height dimension H3 of the protrusion 7 and the recess 8 is preferably set within the range of 7 to 16 mm.

[0027] Due to the above-described characteristics, the following effects can be expected for this paving material 1. First, as shown in FIG. 6, when two paving materials 1A and 1B are arranged and the side portions 4 are abutted against each other so that the positions of the corner portions 21 are aligned, the protrusion 7 of the paving material 1A enters the recess 8 of the paving material 1B, and the protrusion 7 of the paving material 1B enters the recess 8 of the paving material 1A, and they can be engaged with each other. Since the four side portions 4 of each of the paving materials 1A and 1B have the same shape, even when either the paving material 1A or the paving material 1B, or both, are rotated by 90°, 180°, and 270° from the state shown in FIG. 6, the paving materials 1A and 1B can be engaged with each other in the same manner.

[0028] When arranging the paving materials 1A and 1B, it is preferable to form a gap J (joint width) of 1 to 3 mm (more preferably 2 mm) between the opposing side surfaces 5. Further, when the side portions 4 of the two paving materials 1A and 1B are abutted with a 2-mm gap J, it is preferable to set the dimensions of the protrusion 7 and the like so that the protrusion 7 of one paving material 1A (or paving material 1B) enters the recess 8 of the other paving material 1B (or paving material 1A) by 1.5 mm or more.

[0029] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, even when the paving material 1A is shifted by half a pitch of one side (half of the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9) with respect to the paving materials 1B and 1C and the side portions are abutted, the protrusion 7 of the paving material 1A enters the recesses 8 of the paving materials 1B and 1C, and the protrusions 7 of the paving materials 1B and 1C enter the recess 8 of the paving material 1A, and the paving material 1A can be engaged with the paving materials 1B and 1C.

[0030] Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the paving material 1 of the present embodiment is arranged in an L-shape on a horizontal plane so that a gap J (2 / 100·W) is formed between them and engaged with each other. For the three paving materials 1B to 1D (existing paving materials) in this state, another paving material 1A (the last paving material) is horizontally advanced toward the inner corner of the paving materials 1B to 1D on the same plane, so that the paving materials 1A to 1D can be engaged without problems (without interference between the protrusions 7) (that is, the protrusion 7 of the last paving material 1A enters the recess 8 of the existing paving materials 1B and 1D, and the protrusions 7 of the existing paving materials 1B and 1D enter the recess 8 of the last paving material 1A).

[0031] Specifically explaining this point, when the last paving material 1A enters the inner corner of the existing paving materials 1B to 1D, first, as shown in FIG. 9, the first protrusion 7a (the first protrusion 7a that is the deepest in the inner corner among the protrusions 7 of the last paving material 1A) of the side portion 41 (the side portion shown on the lower side in FIG. 9) of the paving material 1A facing the side portion of the paving material 1B (the paving material shown on the lower side in FIG. 9) and one tip shoulder 74 of the fourth protrusion 7d (the fourth protrusion 7d that is the deepest in the inner corner among the protrusions of the existing paving material 1B) of the paving material 1B are abutted at a position where the first protrusion 7a of the last paving material 1A is deeper in the inner corner.

[0032] As described above, since the interval dimension S2 (see FIG. 5) between the first protrusion 7a and the second protrusion 7b and the interval dimension S4 between the third protrusion 7c and the fourth protrusion 7d in one side portion 4 are the same, when the tip shoulders 74 of the first protrusion 7a of the last paving material 1A and the fourth protrusion 7d of the existing paving material 1B are abutted, as shown in FIG. 9, the tip shoulders of the second protrusion 7b of the last paving material 1A and the third protrusion 7c of the existing paving material 1B, the tip shoulders of the third protrusion 7c of the last paving material 1A and the second protrusion 7b of the existing paving material 1B, and the tip shoulders of the fourth protrusion 7d of the last paving material 1A and the first protrusion 7a of the existing paving material 1B are also abutted in the same state.

[0033] At this time, the second protrusion 7b and the fourth protrusion 7d of the side portion 42 of the last paving material 1A facing the side portion of the existing paving material 1D are in positions close to the fourth protrusion 7d and the second protrusion 7b of the existing paving material 1D, respectively. However, when the existing paving material 1D is advanced from the position shown in FIG. 9 toward the back side of the corner, they have a relative positional relationship that does not interfere with each other.

[0034] As described above, the inclination angle R of the side surface 73 (see FIG. 4) of the protrusion 7 (and the side surface 83 of the recess 8) is set to 15°. When the last paving material 1A is translated (translated) in the direction of this inclination angle, one side surface of the protrusions 7a to 7d of the last paving material 1A slides on one side surface (the right side surface in FIG. 9) of the protrusions 7a to 7d of the existing paving material 1B, respectively, and the last paving material 1A approaches the existing paving material 1B from the position shown in FIG. 9.

[0035] At this time, the protrusions 7a to 7d of the side portion 42 of the last paving material 1A also move in the same direction. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, the tip shoulder 74 of the fourth protrusion 7d of the side portion 42 of the last paving material 1A (the fourth protrusion 7d that is the deepest inside the corner among the protrusions 7 of the last paving material 1A) located close to the second protrusion 7b of the existing paving material 1D moves in the direction of the arrow on the track T (parallel to the right side surface of the protrusions 7a to 7d of the existing paving material 1B shown in FIG. 9) indicated by the dashed line.

[0036] The track T of the fourth protrusion 7d (tip shoulder 74) of the last paving material 1A does not intersect the second protrusion 7b of the existing paving material 1D (the second protrusion 7b that is the deepest inside the corner among the protrusions 7 of the existing paving material 1D) as shown in FIG. 10. Therefore, when the last paving material 1A is translated in the above-described manner, the fourth protrusion 7d of the last paving material 1A can enter the back side of the corner of the existing paving materials 1B to 1D (see FIG. 9) without being interfered with by the second protrusion 7b of the existing paving material 1D.

[0037] Also, the same relative positional relationship as that between the fourth protrusion 7d of the last paving material 1A (see FIG. 9) and the second protrusion 7b of the existing paving material 1D holds between the second protrusion 7b of the side portion 42 of the last paving material 1A and the fourth protrusion 7d of the existing paving material 1D. Therefore, as described above, with respect to the three paving materials 1B to 1D (existing paving materials) arranged in an L-shape and engaged with each other (see FIG. 8), another paving material 1A (the last paving material) can enter the back side of the corner without any problem, and these four paving materials 1A to 1D can be engaged with each other.

[0038] Such an operational effect can be obtained by adopting the designed characteristic shapes, dimensions, and arrangement positions (spacing dimensions) of the protrusions 7 and recesses 8 as described above.

[0039] In addition, in the above embodiment, the corner portion 21 (see FIGS. 3 and 6) of the upper surface portion 2, the edges 22 and 32 (see FIG. 3), the tip shoulder portion 74 of the protrusion 7 (see FIGS. 4, 9, and 10), etc. are all angular, but chamfers (inclined surfaces or rounded surfaces) can be appropriately applied.

[0040] FIG. 11 is a plan view of a paving material 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The upper surface portion 2 (and the bottom surface portion) of this paving material 11 is rectangular, and it is in a state where two paving materials 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are arranged side by side with a gap J (1 to 3 mm) therebetween and engaged, and the planar contour shape is generally the same (excluding the central portion 61 having a width dimension corresponding to the gap J formed when arranging a plurality of paving materials 11).

[0041] The lateral dimension of the side part 43 on the short side of the paving material 11 of the present embodiment shown in Fig. 11 is set to be the same as the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 formed on each side part 4 of the paving material 1 of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and one concavo-convex unit 9 is formed on this side part 43. On the other hand, the lateral dimension of the side part 44 on the long side is set to a value (2W + J) obtained by adding the dimension of the gap J (1 to 3 mm) to twice the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9, and concavo-convex units 9 are formed on this side part 44, one on each of the left and right sides of the central part 61 (two in total). For example, when the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 is set to 100 mm and the gap J is set to 2 mm, the lateral dimension of the side part 43 on the short side is 100 mm, and the lateral dimension of the side part 44 on the long side is 202 mm.

[0042] As shown in Fig. 12, the paving material 11 of the present embodiment can be engaged with other paving materials 11 (11A to 11E) of the same shape in various ways. More specifically, like the paving materials 11A and 11B, the side parts on the long sides can be butted against each other and engaged so that the positions of the corners are aligned. In addition, like the paving materials 11A and 11C, the side part on the short side and the side part on the long side can be butted against each other and engaged. Also, like the paving materials 11A and 11D, the side parts on the long sides can be butted against each other and engaged by shifting by half a pitch of the long side (one concavo-convex unit 9).

[0043] Furthermore, like the paving materials 11C and 11E, the side parts on the long sides can be butted against each other and engaged by shifting by a quarter pitch of the long side (half a pitch of the concavo-convex unit 9). Also, the paving material 11 of the present embodiment can be engaged with the square paving material 1 according to the first embodiment. Still, also in the present embodiment, when arranging a plurality of paving materials 11, it is preferable to form a gap J of 1 to 3 mm (more preferably 2 mm) between the opposing side surfaces.

[0044] In addition, similar to the paving material 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the paving material 11 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 11 can be engaged with those existing paving materials without any problem (without interference between the protrusions) by entering horizontally toward the inner corner (see FIGS. 8 and 9) of a plurality of paving materials (existing paving materials) arranged in an L shape.

[0045] FIG. 13 is a plan view of a paving material 13 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. This paving material 1 has a square upper surface portion 2 (and bottom surface portion), and four (2×2 matrix) paving materials 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are arranged (or two paving materials 11 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 11 are arranged), and the plane contour shape is substantially the same (excluding the central portions 61 and 62) in a state where they are engaged with a gap J (1 to 3 mm) therebetween.

[0046] The lateral width dimension of each side portion 4 of the paving material 13 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is set to a value (2W + J) obtained by adding the dimension of the gap J (1 to 3 mm) to twice the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 formed in each side portion 4 of the paving material 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In each side portion 4, two concavo-convex units 9 are formed, one on each side of the central portion 61 or the central portion 62 (two in total). For example, when the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 is set to 100 mm and the gap J is set to 2 mm, the lateral width dimension of each side portion 4 is 202 mm.

[0047] Similar to the paving materials of the first and second embodiments, the paving material 13 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 13 can be engaged with other paving materials of the same shape, the paving material 1 of the first embodiment (see FIG. 1), and the paving material 11 of the second embodiment (see FIG. 11) in various ways (for example, so that the positions of the corners are aligned, or shifted by half a pitch or 1 / 4 pitch of one side). In this embodiment as well, when arranging a plurality of paving materials 13, it is preferable to form a gap of 1 to 3 mm (more preferably 2 mm) between the opposing side surfaces.

[0048] In addition, similar to the paving material 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the paving material 13 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 13 can be engaged with those existing paving materials without any problems (without interference between the protrusions) by entering horizontally toward the inner corner (see FIGS. 8 and 9) of a plurality of paving materials (existing paving materials) arranged in an L shape.

[0049] FIG. 14 is a plan view of a paving material 14 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the paving material 14 of the present embodiment, the upper surface portion 2 (and the bottom surface portion) is a right-angled isosceles triangle, and basically, the paving material 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is divided into two by the diagonal line of the upper surface portion 2.

[0050] The lateral widths of the two right-angled adjacent sides of the side portions 41 and 42 of the paving material 14 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 14 are set to be the same as the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 (standard concavo-convex unit) formed on each side portion 4 of the paving material 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and one concavo-convex unit 9 is formed on each of these side portions 41 and 42. On the other hand, the lateral width dimension of the hypotenuse side portion 43 is set to be √2 times (√2·W) the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9, and one concavo-convex unit 9' (√2 times concavo-convex unit) is formed on this side portion 43. This concavo-convex unit 9' is an enlarged version of the concavo-convex unit 9 (standard concavo-convex unit) formed on the side portions 41 and 42 by √2 times.

[0051] FIG. 15 is a plan view of a paving material 15 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the paving material 15 of the present embodiment, the upper surface portion 2 (and the bottom surface portion) is hexagonal, and basically, it is formed by combining (synthesizing) one rectangular paving material 11 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 11 and four right-angled isosceles triangle paving materials 14 according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 14.

[0052] Of the six side portions 41 to 46 of the paving material 15 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the lateral dimensions of two opposing parallel side portions 41 and 44 are set to be the same as the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 (standard concavo-convex unit) formed on each side portion 4 of the paving material 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. One concavo-convex unit 9 is formed on each of these side portions 41 and 44. The lateral dimensions of the remaining four side portions 42, 43, 45, and 46 are set to √2 times the lateral dimension W of one concavo-convex unit 9 (√2·W), and one concavo-convex unit 9' (√2-fold concavo-convex unit) is formed on each of these side portions 42, 43, 45, and 46. This concavo-convex unit 9' is obtained by expanding the concavo-convex unit 9 formed on the side portions 41 and 44 by √2 times.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 16, the paving material 14 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 14 and the paving material 15 of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 15 can be engaged with other paving materials in various manners. Note that the concavo-convex unit 9 (see FIGS. 14 and 15) can be engaged only with the concavo-convex unit 9 of other paving materials, and the concavo-convex unit 9' can be engaged only with the concavo-convex unit 9' of other paving materials.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0054] 1, 1A to 1D, 11, 11A to 11E, 13 to 15: Paving materials, 2: Upper surface portion, 21, 21a, 21b: Corner portions, 22: Edge, 3: Bottom surface portion, 32: Edge, 4, 41 to 46: Side portions, 5: Side surface, 51: Upper side surface, 52: Lower side surface, 61, 62: Central portions, 7: Protrusion, 7a: First protrusion, 7b: Second protrusion, 7c: Third protrusion, 7d: Fourth protrusion, 71: Base end portion, 72: Tip end portion, 73: Side surface, 74: Tip shoulder, 8: Concave part, 8a: First concave part, 8b: Second concave part, 8c: Third concave part, 8d: Fourth concave part, 83: Side surface, 9, 9’: Concave-convex unit,

Claims

1. It is plate-shaped with a top surface part, a bottom surface part, and four side parts of the same shape. The top surface part and the bottom surface part are square. Each side part has a side surface and uneven units respectively. One uneven unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one uneven unit have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the widest width at the base end. When the width dimension of one uneven unit is W. The width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end is set to 7.2 - 8.8 / 100·W. The protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 - 3.85 / 100·W. Among the four protrusions constituting one uneven unit, the distance dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the corner of the top surface part or the bottom surface part and the second protrusion adjacent to it is set to 12.15 - 14.85 / 100·W. The distance dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the third protrusion adjacent to it is set to 19.35 - 23.65 / 100·W. The distance dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion adjacent to it is set to the same value as the distance dimension S2. The width dimension of each side part is set to be the same as the width dimension W of one uneven unit, and one uneven unit is formed on each side part respectively. A paving material characterized by this.

2. The inclination angles of the side surfaces on both the left and right sides of the protrusion with respect to the direction perpendicular to the side surface are set to 1 - 45°. A paving material according to Claim 1, characterized by this.

3. Among the four protrusions constituting one uneven unit, the distance dimension S1 between the first protrusion formed at the position farthest from the center of the uneven unit and the end of the two ends of the uneven unit closer to the first protrusion is set to 3.2 - 4.4 / 100·W. A paving material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the distance dimension S5 between the fourth protrusion and the end of the two ends of the uneven unit closer to the fourth protrusion is set to 13.59 - 17.05 / 100·W.

4. The depth dimensions D of the first recess, the second recess, the third recess, and the fourth recess from the side surface are set to 3.5 - 6 / 100·W. A paving material according to Claim 1, characterized by this.

5. Of the four paving materials of the same shape, three paving materials are arranged in an L-shape on a horizontal plane so that a gap of 2 / 100·W is formed between them and engaged with each other. When the remaining one last paving material enters horizontally in the same plane with respect to the inner corner of these three existing paving materials, Among the protrusions of the last paving material, one tip shoulder of the first protrusion at the innermost side of the inner corner and the tip shoulder of the fourth protrusion at the innermost side of the inner corner among the protrusions of the existing paving materials are butted at a position where the first protrusion of the last paving material is on the inner side of the inner corner. When the last paving material is translated in a direction in which the side surfaces of the butted two protrusions slide from this state, among the protrusions of the last paving material, the tip shoulder of the fourth protrusion at the innermost side of the inner corner moves on an orbit that does not intersect the second protrusion at the innermost side of the inner corner among the protrusions of the existing paving materials. The horizontal width dimension P1, the protruding dimension P2, the interval dimension S2, and the interval dimension S3 are set. The paving material according to claim 1, characterized in that

6. It is plate-shaped with a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and four side portions, The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are rectangular, Each side portion has a side surface and at least one concavo-convex unit respectively, One concavo-convex unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface, The four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the largest width at the base end, When the horizontal width dimension of one concavo-convex unit is W, The horizontal width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end is set to 7.2 - 8.8 / 100·W, The protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 - 3.85 / 100·W, Among the four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit, the interval dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the top surface portion or the bottom surface portion corner and the adjacent second protrusion is set to 12.15 - 14.85 / 100·W, The interval dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the adjacent third protrusion is set to 19.35 - 23.65 / 100·W, The interval dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the adjacent fourth protrusion is set to the same value as the interval dimension S2, Among the four side portions, the horizontal width dimension of the short-side portion is set to be the same as the horizontal width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit, and one concavo-convex unit is formed on the short-side portion, Among the four side portions, the lateral width dimension of the long-side portion is set to a value obtained by adding 1 to 3 mm to twice the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit, and a total of two concavo-convex units are formed on both sides of the central portion of the long-side portion. A paving material characterized by this.

7. It is plate-shaped with a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and four side portions. The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are square. Each side portion has a side surface and at least one concavo-convex unit respectively. One concavo-convex unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit are the same in shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the largest lateral width at the base end. When the lateral width dimension of one concavo-convex unit is W. The lateral width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W. The protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W. Among the four protrusions constituting one concavo-convex unit, the interval dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to any corner of the top surface portion or the bottom surface portion and the adjacent second protrusion is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W. The interval dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the adjacent third protrusion is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W. The interval dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the adjacent fourth protrusion is set to the same value as the interval dimension S2. The lateral width dimension of each side portion is set to a value obtained by adding 1 to 3 mm to twice the lateral width dimension W of one concavo-convex unit, and a total of two concavo-convex units are respectively formed on both sides of the central portion of each side portion. A paving material characterized by this.

8. It is plate-shaped with a top surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and three side portions. The top surface portion and the bottom surface portion are right-angled isosceles triangles. Each side portion has a side surface and a standard concavo-convex unit or a √2-times enlarged √2-times concavo-convex unit obtained by enlarging the standard concavo-convex unit by √2 times respectively. One standard concavo-convex unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface. The four protrusions constituting one standard concavo-convex unit are the same in shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the largest lateral width at the base end. When the lateral width dimension of one standard concavo-convex unit is W. The lateral width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W. The protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W, Among the four protrusions constituting one standard uneven unit, the distance dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the upper surface portion or the bottom surface portion among the corners and the second protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, The distance dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the third protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, The distance dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion adjacent thereto is set to the same value as the distance dimension S2, Among the three side portions, the lateral width dimensions of the side portions of two adjacent right-angled sides are set to be the same as the lateral width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one standard uneven unit is formed on each of these adjacent side portions, Among the three side portions, the lateral width dimension of the side portion of the hypotenuse is set to √2 times the lateral width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one √2-fold uneven unit is formed on this side portion of the hypotenuse. A paving material characterized by this.

9. It is plate-shaped with an upper surface portion, a bottom surface portion, and six side portions, The upper surface portion and the bottom surface portion are hexagonal, Each side portion has a side surface and a standard uneven unit or a √2-fold uneven unit obtained by expanding the standard uneven unit by √2 times respectively, One standard uneven unit is composed of four protrusions protruding outward from the side surface and four recesses recessed inward from the side surface, The four protrusions constituting one standard uneven unit have the same shape and size, and the planar shape is a trapezoid with the widest width at the base end portion, When the lateral width dimension of one standard uneven unit is W, The lateral width dimension P1 of the protrusion at the base end portion is set to 7.2 to 8.8 / 100·W, The protruding dimension P2 of the protrusion from the side surface is set to 3.15 to 3.85 / 100·W, Among the four protrusions constituting one standard uneven unit, the distance dimension S2 between the first protrusion formed at the position closest to either the upper surface portion or the bottom surface portion among the corners and the second protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 12.15 to 14.85 / 100·W, The distance dimension S3 between the second protrusion and the third protrusion adjacent thereto is set to 19.35 to 23.65 / 100·W, The distance dimension S4 between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion adjacent thereto is set to the same value as the distance dimension S2, Among the six side portions, the lateral width dimensions of two opposing parallel side portions are set to be the same as the lateral width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one standard uneven unit is formed on each of these side portions, Among the six side portions, the lateral width dimensions of the remaining four side portions are set to √2 times the lateral width dimension W of one standard uneven unit, and one √2 times uneven unit is formed on each of these side portions. A paving material characterized by this.

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