Composition for feed, method for producing the same, feed, method for feeding livestock, and method for improving palatability of livestock to feed

Abstract

To provide a composition for fodder which can effectively utilize active charcoal used in brewage production, furthermore has satisfactory palatability while holding an odor reducing effect of feces that charcoal has, a diarrhea preventing effect, and a body weight gaining effect, and a method for producing the composition, a fodder containing the composition for fodder, a feeding method to livestock using the composition for fodder, and a palatability improving method of livestock fodder.SOLUTION: Provided is a composition for fodder including active charcoal to which a component contained in liquid in a fermented product generated in a brewage production process is adsorbed.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a feed composition, a method for producing the same, a feed, a method for feeding livestock, and a method for improving the palatability of livestock feed.

Background Art

[0002] In the production of brewing liquor, activated carbon is used. For example, in the production of sake, activated carbon is used in the clarification filtration of sake. The activated carbon used in this clarification filtration (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "sake-treated carbon") is used as compost or fertilizer. However, since sake-treated carbon is very inexpensive and is taken away, further effective utilization is an issue.

[0003] Regarding sake-treated carbon, it has been reported that it has pol inhibitory activity (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] On the other hand, it is known that when livestock eat charcoal, it has effects such as reducing the odor of feces (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2), preventing diarrhea (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3), and increasing the weight gain effect (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 4).

[0005] As a technology for improving the excrement of livestock and improving environmental hygiene, and enhancing the appetite of livestock, a feed additive containing calcined zeolite, fermented fruit juice pomace, hot water extract of rice bran, charcoal powder, lactic acid bacteria water, and fruit juice has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0006] Although sake lees have an effect of promoting the digestion of roughage, on the other hand, it has been reported that there are differences in palatability among cows (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 5).

[0007] As described above, there is a need for a new method of utilizing activated carbon used in the production of brewed liquor. In addition, feed given to livestock is required to have high palatability. However, existing carbon for feed does not have sufficient palatability, and there is a current need to develop a new material with good palatability and useful as feed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0008]

Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Documents

[0009]

Non-Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Document 2

Non-Patent Document 3

Non-Patent Document 4

Non-Patent Document 5

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0010] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and achieve the following objectives. That is, the present invention can effectively utilize the activated carbon used in the production of brewed liquor, maintain the effects of reducing the odor of manure, preventing diarrhea, and increasing body weight possessed by charcoal, and further provide a feed composition with good palatability, a method for producing the same, a feed containing the feed composition, a method for feeding livestock using the feed composition, and a method for improving the palatability of livestock feed.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0011] As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors to solve the above problems, it has been found that when activated carbon used in the production of brewed liquor is blended into feed, it can reduce the odor of livestock manure, prevent diarrhea, increase body weight, and further improve the palatability of livestock feed.

[0012] The present invention is based on the above findings of the present inventors, and the means for solving the above problems are as follows. That is, <1> A feed composition characterized by containing activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewed liquor. <2> A method for producing the feed composition according to <1>, A treatment step of treating the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewed liquor with activated carbon, and A recovery step of recovering the activated carbon after the treatment step, which is a method for producing a feed composition. <3> A feed characterized by containing the feed composition according to <1>. <4> A method for feeding livestock, characterized by including adding the feed composition according to <1> to the feed. <5> A method for improving the palatability of livestock feed, characterized by including adding the feed composition according to <1> to the feed.

Effects of the Invention

[0013] According to the present invention, the above-mentioned various problems in the prior art can be solved, the above-mentioned object can be achieved, the activated carbon used in the production of brewed liquor can be effectively utilized, and while maintaining the effects of reducing the odor of manure, preventing diarrhea, and increasing body weight possessed by charcoal, a feed composition with good palatability, a method for producing the same, a feed containing the feed composition, a method for feeding livestock using the feed composition, and a method for improving the palatability of livestock feed can be provided.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] (Feed Composition and Method for Producing the Same) The feed composition of the present invention contains at least activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewed liquor, and further contains other components as necessary. The feed composition can be preferably produced by the method for producing the feed composition of the present invention. Hereinafter, the feed composition of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the description of the method for producing the feed composition of the present invention.

[0015] <Method for Producing Feed Composition> The method for producing the feed composition of the present invention is a method for producing the feed composition of the present invention, which includes at least a treatment step and a recovery step, and further includes other steps as necessary.

[0016] -Treatment Step- The treatment step is a step of treating the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewed liquor with activated carbon. The treatment step can be carried out in the same manner as the clarification step performed to remove unnecessary components contained in brewed liquor. For example, in the production process of sake, the step for clarifying the sake after the upper tank corresponds to the treatment step. By the treatment step, components that are unnecessary in the production of brewed liquor can be adsorbed by the activated carbon.

[0017] The brewing liquor is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, sake, mirin, umeshu, wine, beer, etc. can be mentioned.

[0018] The components unnecessary in the production of the brewing liquor include, for example, flavin-based and melanin-based pigments that cause coloring of alcoholic beverages, proteins that cause protein turbidity (cloudiness), etc.

[0019] The method of the treatment is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a method of adding the activated carbon to the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the brewing liquor, stirring, and then allowing it to stand can be mentioned. The liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the brewing liquor can be prepared by solid-liquid separation of the fermented product.

[0020] The activated carbon is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose among those used in the production of brewing liquor. As the activated carbon, commercially available products may be used, or activated carbon prepared by a known method may be used.

[0021] The plant raw materials used in the production of the activated carbon are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, cedar, cypress, birch, maple, beech, bamboo, oak, kunugi, persimmon, Japanese black pine, etc. can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0022] The amount of the activated carbon used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, 0.1 to 2 kg of activated carbon is used per 1 kL of the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the brewing liquor.

[0023] The conditions of the stirring are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0024] The standing period is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, it can be overnight or the like.

[0025] In addition, in the above treatment step, in addition to activated carbon, a filter aid or a sediment-lowering agent may be further used.

[0026] The filter aid is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose from those used in the production of brewed liquor. For example, plant-derived cellulose, diatomaceous earth, etc. may be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the filter aid, a commercially available product may be used, or a filter aid prepared by a known method may be used. The amount of the filter aid used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0027] The sediment-lowering agent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose from those used in the production of brewed liquor. For example, sodium alginate, activated clay, bentonite, silicon dioxide, persimmon tannin, etc. may be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the sediment-lowering agent, a commercially available product may be used, or a sediment-lowering agent prepared by a known method may be used. The amount of the sediment-lowering agent used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0028] -Recovery step- The recovery step is a step of recovering the activated carbon after the treatment step.

[0029] The method of recovery is not particularly limited as long as the solid and the liquid can be separated, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, filtration and the like may be mentioned.

[0030] The method of filtration is not particularly limited and can be carried out using a known device. In the above filtration, other components such as the above-mentioned filter aid may be further used.

[0031] The method of using the filter aid is not particularly limited, and known methods can be appropriately selected. For example, a method of attaching it to the filter cloth or mesh of a filter can be mentioned.

[0032] -Other processes- Other processes in the method for producing the feed composition are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a preparation process for preparing the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor can be mentioned.

[0033] --Preparation process-- The preparation process is a process of separating the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor into a liquid and a solid, and preparing the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor.

[0034] For example, when the brewed liquor is sake, the preparation process corresponds to the upper tank in the production process of sake. The upper tank is a process of separating the moromi, which is the fermented product produced in the production process, into liquid sake and solid sake lees, and preparing sake.

[0035] The method of the preparation process is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a method using an automatic press, a method by hanging a bag, a method by pressing in a tank, etc. can be mentioned.

[0036] <Feed composition> The feed composition of the present invention contains at least activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor, and may further contain other components as necessary.

[0037] -Activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor- The activated carbon obtained by adsorbing the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of the fermented liquor unexpectedly contains nutritional components and can improve the palatability of livestock feed. Furthermore, the activated carbon obtained by adsorbing the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of the fermented liquor, although it is the activated carbon used in the brewing process of the fermented liquor, retains the effects of reducing the odor of manure, preventing diarrhea, and increasing body weight, which are conventionally possessed by charcoal. This is a new finding by the present inventors and has not been known at all in the past.

[0038] There are no particular restrictions on the nutritional components contained in the activated carbon obtained by adsorbing the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of the fermented liquor, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0039] Examples of the nutritional components in the activated carbon obtained by adsorbing the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of the fermented liquor include, for example, the following. Note that moisture can be analyzed using the drying method, crude protein can be analyzed using the Kjeldahl method, crude fat can be analyzed using the diethyl ether extraction method, crude fiber can be analyzed using the static method, and crude ash can be analyzed using the direct ashing method. · Moisture ··· 50 - 55 mass% · Crude protein (CP) ··· 5 - 11 mass% · Crude fat (EE) ··· 1 - 3 mass% · Crude fiber (CF) ··· 7 - 31 mass% · Crude ash (CA) ··· 1 - 7 mass% · Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) ··· 4 - 26 mass%

[0040] There are no particular restrictions on the content of the activated carbon obtained by adsorbing the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of the fermented liquor in the feed composition, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. The feed composition may consist only of the activated carbon obtained by adsorbing the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of the fermented liquor.

[0041] -Other components- As other components in the feed composition, there are no particular limitations as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, components used in livestock feed can be mentioned. The other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more. There are no particular limitations on the content of the other components in the feed composition, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0042] As a production method when the feed composition contains the other components, there are no particular limitations, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, it can be produced by mixing activated carbon adsorbed with components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the brewing liquor and the other components.

[0043] The feed composition of the present invention can improve the palatability of livestock feed while maintaining the effects of reducing the odor of manure, preventing diarrhea, and increasing body weight that charcoal has. The feed composition can be suitably used in the feed of the present invention described below, the method of feeding livestock, and the method of improving the palatability of livestock feed.

[0044] (Feed) The feed of the present invention contains at least the feed composition of the present invention and, if necessary, further contains other components.

[0045] The feed can be suitably used in livestock feed. There are no particular limitations on the livestock, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, cows, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, etc. can be mentioned. There are no particular limitations on the age of the livestock, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0046] <Feed composition> The feed composition is the feed composition of the present invention described above.

[0047] The content of the feed composition in the feed is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, as the amount of activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the brewed liquor, 0.5 to 40% by mass is preferable, 0.5 to 30% by mass is more preferable, and 1 to 20% by mass is particularly preferable.

[0048] <Other components> As other components in the feed, there is no particular limitation as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples include components used in livestock feed. The other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the other components in the feed is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0049] The method for producing the feed is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples include a method of adding and mixing to a known livestock feed. The shape, structure, and size of the feed are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0050] The feeding amount, feeding period, and feeding frequency (feeding interval) of the feed to livestock are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0051] The feed of the present invention can improve the palatability of livestock feed while maintaining the effects of reducing the odor of manure, preventing diarrhea, and increasing body weight that charcoal has.

[0052] (Method of feeding livestock, method of improving palatability of livestock feed) The method of feeding livestock of the present invention (hereinafter, may also be referred to as "feeding method") includes at least an adding step of adding the feed composition of the present invention to the feed, and further includes other steps as necessary. The method for improving the palatability of livestock feed according to the present invention includes at least an addition step of adding the composition for feed of the present invention to the feed, and may further include other steps as necessary.

[0053] <Addition step> The addition step is a step of adding the composition for feed of the present invention to the feed.

[0054] -Composition for feed- The composition for feed is the composition for feed of the present invention described above.

[0055] -Feed- The feed is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose from known livestock feeds.

[0056] The addition amount of the composition for feed to the feed is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, as the amount of activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the brewed liquor in the total amount of the composition for feed and the feed, 0.5 to 40% by mass is preferable, 0.5 to 30% by mass is more preferable, and 1 to 20% by mass is particularly preferable.

[0057] The composition for feed may be used in a state of being mixed with the feed, or may be used in a state of being sprinkled on the feed.

[0058] <Other steps> As other steps in the method for feeding livestock or the method for improving the palatability of livestock feed according to the present invention, there is no particular limitation as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0059] According to the method for feeding livestock of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the odor of livestock manure, prevent diarrhea, increase the weight, and further improve the palatability of livestock feed.

[0060] According to the method for improving the palatability of livestock feed of the present invention, it is possible to improve the palatability of livestock feed.

[0061] In the present invention, the improvement in the palatability of livestock feed means that when feeding a feed containing the feed composition, the rate or amount of feed intake increases compared to when feeding a feed not containing the feed composition.

Example

[0062] The present invention will be specifically described below by giving production examples, test examples, etc., but the present invention is not limited to these production examples, test examples, etc.

[0063] (Production Example 1) Using sake after pressing (ordinary sake, manufactured by Hakutsuru Sake Brewing Co., Ltd.) as the liquid in the fermented product generated in the sake brewing process, a feed composition was produced as follows. 30 kg of a filter aid (Celish, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) was suspended in water, filtered with a filter press, and the filter aid was attached to the filter cloth of the filter. 300 kg of activated carbon (Kujaku Special Selection YV-Special, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to 300 kL of the sake after pressing, stirred well, allowed to stand overnight, and then filtered with a filter to separate the sake and the activated carbon, and the activated carbon (feed composition, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "sake-treated carbon") that adsorbed the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the sake brewing process was recovered.

[0064] The results of measuring the nutritional components of the sake-treated carbon obtained above are shown below. For moisture, the drying method was used, for crude protein, the Kjeldahl method was used, for crude fat, the diethyl ether extraction method was used, for crude fiber, the static method was used, and for crude ash, the direct ashing method was used for analysis. · Moisture ··· 51% by mass · Crude protein (CP) ··· 10% by mass · Crude fat (EE) ··· 1% by mass · Crude fiber (CF) ··· 27% by mass · Crude ash (CA) ··· 1% by mass · Soluble nitrogen-free extract (NFE) ··· 10% by mass

[0065] <Evaluation> -Reduction of Fecal Odor- The sake-treated charcoal obtained in Production Example 1 was mixed with the feed for fattening cattle in a livestock barn at a mass ratio of 1% and continuously fed every day. After 3 months, the concentrations of malodorous components (hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans) in fresh feces were measured with a detector tube. As a result, in the control group (without sake-treated charcoal), the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 4.0 ppm / 100 g and the concentration of mercaptans was 8.0 ppm / 100 g. On the other hand, in the test group (with sake-treated charcoal), the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 0.5 ppm / 100 g and the concentration of mercaptans was 0.6 ppm / 100 g, indicating that the odor was significantly reduced.

[0066] -Suppression of Diarrhea- The sake-treated charcoal obtained in Production Example 1 was mixed with the feed for calves from immediately after weaning until 3 months old at a mass ratio of 1% and continuously fed every day until shipment. As a result, the incidence rate of diarrhea during the period was about 30% before feeding the sake-treated charcoal, but decreased to less than 10% after the start of administration.

[0067] -Increase in Body Weight- For calves aged 2 to 3 months, the sake-treated charcoal obtained in Production Example 1 was mixed into the feed so that the mass ratio was 1%, and fed for about 6 months until the calves were shipped. As a result, the increase in body weight of the calves fed the sake-treated charcoal showed an increase of about 10% compared to the calves without the addition of the sake-treated charcoal.

[0068] -Palatability- The palatability of the sake-treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1 was examined by feeding it to cows. Specifically, 100 g each of (1) sake-treated charcoal, (2) activated carbon, and (3) sake lees were simultaneously given to 4 cows in one group, and the amount eaten in 5 minutes (hereinafter referred to as the "ingestion amount") was measured. The test was conducted on 2 groups, and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0069]

Table 1

[0070] As is clear from the results in Table 1, it was found that the sake-treated charcoal has higher palatability than activated carbon and sake lees.

[0071] (Production Example 2) Using the sake after the upper tank (ordinary sake, manufactured by Hakutsuru Sake Brewing Co., Ltd.) as the liquid in the fermented product generated in the sake brewing process, a feed composition was produced as follows. 30 kg of a filter aid (Celish, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) was suspended in water, filtered with a filter press, and the filter aid was attached to the mesh of the filter. To 200 kL of the sake after the upper tank, 200 kg of activated carbon (Kujaku Special Selection YV-Special, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added, and then 60 kg of a sediment-lowering agent (Coprolock, manufactured by Otsuka Foods Co., Ltd.) was added and stirred well for 1 hour to react with the protein in the sake. Subsequently, 10 kg of a sediment-lowering agent (Saccharite, manufactured by Musashino Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) was added, allowed to stand overnight, and then filtered with a filter to separate the sake and the activated carbon, and the sake-treated charcoal was recovered.

[0072] The nutritional components of the sake-treated charcoal obtained above were measured in the same manner as in Production Example 1. The results are shown below. · Moisture ··· 52% by mass · Crude protein (CP) ··· 6% by mass · Crude fat (EE) ··· 2% by mass · Crude fiber (CF) ··· 11% by mass · Crude ash (CA) ··· 6% by mass · Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) ··· 23% by mass

[0073] When the sake-treated charcoal obtained in Production Example 2 was evaluated in the same manner as in Production Example 1, it was confirmed that, similar to the sake-treated charcoal in Production Example 1, the odor of feces was reduced, diarrhea was suppressed, body weight was increased, and the palatability was good.

Claims

1. comprising activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of fermented liquor, wherein the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of the fermented liquor is the liquid after separating the fermented product generated in the brewing process of the fermented liquor into a liquid and a solid, and the feed composition is characterized thereby.

2. The activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of the fermented liquor contains 50 to 55% by mass of moisture, 5 to 11% by mass of crude protein, 1 to 3% by mass of crude fat, 7 to 31% by mass of crude fiber, 1 to 7% by mass of crude ash, and 4 to 26% by mass of soluble nitrogen-free substances. The feed composition according to Claim 1.

3. A method for producing the feed composition according to Claim 1 or 2, comprising a treatment step of treating the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of fermented liquor with activated carbon, and a recovery step of recovering the activated carbon after the treatment step, and the method for producing a feed composition is characterized thereby.

4. A feed characterized by containing the feed composition according to Claim 1 or 2.

5. A method for feeding livestock, characterized by including adding the feed composition according to Claim 1 or 2 to the feed.

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