Electroporation apparatus with improved signal generator

Abstract

To provide a signal generator which generates a plurality of low voltages and combines them in series to generate a high voltage. A handset for an electroporation device has an improved signal generator. The signal generator includes a primary winding and multiple secondary windings coupled together in a series configuration. A storage capacitor and a flyback diode are coupled to each of the multiple secondary windings. The signal generator includes a signal amplifier and a power switch. The power switch is configured to provide a voltage from a power supply across the primary winding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications This patent application claims priority based on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 271,955, filed on December 28, 2015. The above - referenced application is incorporated herein by reference.

Background Art

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an electroporation device having an improved signal generator for generating a high - voltage electroporation signal.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] Medical devices such as electroporation devices require a high - voltage generator to generate the necessary energy supply. During the electroporation process, the electrodes that contact the target tissue need to have power delivered at a specific voltage and amperage to generate the desired electroporation effect (e.g., 200 V at 0.5 A). Generally, to achieve the high - voltage levels required during the electroporation process, a voltage generator including a number of large - capacity capacitors is needed. These capacitors, in turn, are very large in physical size and require a relatively long time to charge before the electroporation process begins. These characteristics are troublesome for handheld devices where it is necessary to minimize size and weight. Further, the long charging time can interfere with the user's ability to perform electroporation treatment in a timely and accurate manner. Additionally, capacitor - based systems are plagued by signal degradation over time.

[0004] The present disclosure provides a signal generator that generates a plurality of low voltages and combines them in series to generate a high voltage.

[0005] In one aspect, there is a handset for use in an electroporation device, the handset including a housing and a signal amplifier disposed within the housing. The signal amplifier includes a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings coupled to each other in series, where a storage capacitor and a flyback diode are coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings, and an array having a plurality of electrodes in electrical communication with the signal amplifier.

[0006] In another aspect, an electroporation device includes a housing and a signal generator disposed within the housing. The signal generator includes a signal amplifier having a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings coupled to each other in series, where a storage capacitor and a flyback diode are coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings, a power supply, a power switch configured to supply a voltage from the power supply across both ends of the primary winding, and an array having one or more electrodes in electrical communication with the signal generator.

[0007] In yet another aspect, an electroporation system includes a base station and a handset removably coupled to the base station. The handset includes a housing, an injection assembly, a power supply, and a signal generator disposed within the housing of the handset and communicable with the injection assembly. The signal generator includes a signal amplifier having a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings coupled to each other in series, where a storage capacitor and a flyback diode are coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings, a power switch configured to supply a voltage from the power supply across both ends of the primary winding, and an array having at least one electrode extending from the array and in electrical communication with the signal generator.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

[0009] Before explaining all embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the details of the configurations and the arrangements of components described in the following description or shown in the following drawings in its application. The present disclosure is capable of other embodiments and can be practiced or carried out in various ways.

[0010] It should be noted that a plurality of other components may be used to implement the disclosure. Further, as will be described in the following paragraphs, the specific configurations shown in the drawings are intended to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure. Alternative configurations are possible.

[0011] "Agent" may mean a polypeptide, polynucleotide, small molecule, or any combination thereof. As described in detail in PCT / US2014 / 070188, which is incorporated herein by reference, the agent may be a recombinant nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody, or a fragment, variant, or combination thereof. "Agent" may mean a composition comprising a polypeptide, polynucleotide, small molecule, or any combination thereof. As described in detail in PCT / US2014 / 070188, which is incorporated herein by reference, the composition may comprise a recombinant nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody, or a fragment, variant, or combination thereof. The agent can be formulated, for example, in water or a buffer. The buffer can be, for example, sodium chloride-citrate (SSC) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The ionic content of the buffer may increase conductivity and increase the flow of electric current in the target tissue. The concentration of the formulated polynucleotide can be between 1 μg and 20 mg / ml. The concentration of the formulated polynucleotide can be, for example, 1 μg / ml, 10 μg / ml, 25 μg / ml, 50 μg / ml, 100 μg / ml, 250 μg / ml, 500 μg / ml, 750 μg / ml, 1 mg / ml, 10 mg / ml, 15 mg / ml, or 20 mg / ml.

[0012] As used herein, "peptide", "protein" or "polypeptide" can mean a linked sequence of amino acids and can be natural, synthetic, or a natural and synthetic modification or combination.

[0013] As used herein, "polynucleotide", "oligonucleotide", or "nucleic acid" each mean at least two nucleotides covalently linked together. A polynucleotide can be single-stranded or double-stranded, or can contain portions of both double-stranded and single-stranded sequences. A polynucleotide can be DNA, both genomic and cDNA, RNA, or a hybrid. A polynucleotide can contain combinations of deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides, and combinations of bases including uracil, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, inosine, xanthine hypoxanthine, isocytosine, isoguanine, and synthetic or non-natural nucleotides and nucleosides. A polynucleotide can be a vector. A polynucleotide can be obtained by chemical synthesis methods or recombinant methods.

[0014] As used herein, the term "vector" means a nucleic acid sequence that includes an origin of replication. A vector can be a viral vector, bacteriophage, bacterial artificial chromosome, or yeast artificial chromosome. A vector can be a DNA or RNA vector. A vector can be an extrachromosomal self-replicating vector, preferably a DNA plasmid.

[0015] As used herein, the term "electroporation" ("EP") refers to the use of an electric field pulse to induce reversible microscopic pathways (pores) in the cell membrane, the presence of which allows agents to pass from one side of the cell membrane to the other.

[0016] The present disclosure relates to a handset 100 for an electroporation device 104 that includes an improved signal generator 32 for generating a predetermined electroporation signal. As shown in FIG. 1, the electroporation device 104 includes a base unit 109 and a handset 100 that can be removably docked to the base unit 108. The base unit 109 is generally disposed on a table or other flat surface and can communicate electrically with a power supply 34 and charge the power supply 34 when the handset 100 and the base unit 109 are in a docked or coupled configuration.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1, the handset 100 of the electroporation device 104 includes a housing 108, an electrode array 112 coupled to the housing 108, a power supply 34 disposed within the housing 108, and a signal generator 32 that communicates electrically with both the power supply 34 and the electrode array 112. The handset 100 also includes an injection assembly 110 for administering a drug to a target tissue via a hypodermic needle 111. In use, the electroporation device 100 facilitates the introduction of a drug into cells of a mammalian target tissue (e.g., skin or muscle) using an electroporation pulse generated by the signal generator 32. The handset 100 requires the generation of very high voltage values (e.g., 200 V) to generate the electroporation pulse. The handset 100 uses the signal generator 32 to generate a very high voltage value from a power supply (e.g., a lithium-ion battery) that supplies a lower voltage value.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 1, the housing 108 of the handset 100 is formed from two halves or members 116 that are joined together to form a volume 120 therebetween. Specifically, the members 116 form a pistol shape having an upper portion 124 with a front end 128 and a rear end 132, and a handle portion 136 extending from the upper portion 124 to form a distal end. In some embodiments, the handle portion 136 may include a trigger 140 or other user input to enable a user to direct the administration of an electroporation signal to the target tissue. Although the housing 108 of the handset 100 is shown in a pistol shape, it should be understood that the housing 108 can include additional shapes or accommodate different grip styles.

[0019] The electrode array 112 includes a plurality of electrodes 142 that each extend outwardly from the front end portion 128 of the upper portion 124 of the housing 108. Each electrode 142 is in electrical communication with the signal generator 32 and is configured to relay an electroporation signal to the target tissue during operation of the device 104.

[0020] FIGS. 1 and 3 depict the signal generator 32. The signal generator 32 includes, among other components, a power switch 36 and a voltage amplifier 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the signal generating device 32 is disposed within the housing 108 such that the overall center of gravity (CG) of the handset 100 is positioned proximate to the intersection of the handle portion 136 and the upper portion 124. In some embodiments, the upper portion 124 of the housing 108 may define an axis A that extends longitudinally therethrough, and an axis B, disposed perpendicular to axis A and passing through the center of gravity (CG), also passes through the handle portion 136 of the housing 108 (see FIG. 1).

[0021] FIG. 2 shows a voltage amplifier 5 including, among other components, an amplifier housing 10, a primary winding 12, and a plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E. The primary winding 12 and the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E are disposed within the amplifier housing 10. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E includes five secondary windings. In other embodiments, the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E can include more or fewer secondary windings. Also, in other embodiments, the voltage amplifier 5 can include two or more primary windings. The first input 16A and the second input 16B provide a connection between the primary winding 12 and one or more components external to the amplifier housing 10. The voltage across the two ends of the primary winding 12 is equal to the voltage difference between the first input 16A and the second input 16B. The voltage across the two ends of each secondary winding is equal to the voltage of the primary winding 12 multiplied by the turns ratio. The turns ratio is the ratio of the number of turns of the primary winding to the number of turns of the secondary winding. For example, if the number of turns of the primary winding 12 is 5 and the number of turns of the secondary winding 14A is 5, the voltage across the two ends of the secondary winding 14A is equal to the voltage across the two ends of the primary winding 12 (i.e., the turns ratio is 1:1).

[0022] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the turns ratio of the primary winding 12 to each of the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E is 1:1. For example, if the voltage across the two ends of the primary winding 12 is 20V, the voltage across the two ends of each of the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E is also 20V. As shown in FIG. 2, when the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E are connected in series, the voltage across the two ends of the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E is equal to the sum of the voltages across the two ends of each secondary winding. For example, if the voltage across the two ends of the primary winding 12 is 20V, the voltage across the two ends of the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E is 100V (as a result of five secondary windings).

[0023] The first output 18A and the second output 18B provide a connection between the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E and one or more components external to the housing 10. The voltage across the two ends of the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E is equal to the voltage difference between the first output 18A and the second output 18B. For example, if the voltage across the two ends of the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E is 100V, the voltage difference between the first output 18A and the second output 18B is 100V.

[0024] The plurality of electrical components 20 can be coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings 14A to 14E. The plurality of electrical components 20 include, among other components, a storage capacitor 22, a flyback diode 24, a filtering capacitor 26, and a balancing capacitor 28. In some embodiments, the plurality of electrical components 20 are configured as shown in FIG. 2 and described below. In some embodiments, the storage capacitor 22 and the filtering capacitor 26 are coupled to each other in a parallel configuration. Also, in some embodiments, the flyback diode 24 is coupled to the storage capacitor 22 and the filtering capacitor 26 in a series configuration. Further, in some embodiments, the series configuration of the flyback diode 24 and the storage capacitor 22 is coupled to the balancing capacitor 28 and one of the plurality of secondary windings 14A to 14E in a parallel configuration.

[0025] The plurality of electrical components 20 are disposed within the amplifier housing 10 together with the primary winding 12 and the plurality of secondary windings 14A to 14E. With this configuration, the wire trace length between each of the plurality of electrical components 20 and the plurality of secondary windings 14A to 14E can be shortened compared to the case where the components are disposed outside the amplifier housing 10. In addition to reducing the overall footprint of the signal amplifier 5, the shortening of the wire trace length can reduce the influence of noise (e.g., switching noise) on the operation and efficiency of the signal amplifier 5. Thus, a more accurate and stable electroporation signal may be generated by the handset 100 in a smaller handset 100.

[0026] With the above configuration, the output of the signal amplifier 5 can be used less. When a plurality of electrical components 20 are outside the amplifier housing 10, each secondary winding requires two outputs. For example, a signal amplifier having five secondary windings requires ten outputs. As shown in FIG. 2, when a plurality of electrical components 20 are arranged within the amplifier housing 10, only two outputs (for example, the first output 18A and the second output 18B) can be used. Each additional output requires space and is added to the occupied area of the signal amplifier. Thus, by reducing the number of outputs, this configuration can make the occupied area of the signal amplifier 5 smaller and can more efficiently utilize the space on the corresponding circuit board and within the volume 120 of the housing 108.

[0027] The flyback diode 24 is necessary to achieve a voltage output across the secondary winding 14A that is higher than the voltage input across both ends of the primary winding 12. The voltage difference between the first input 16A and the second input 16B induces a current in the primary winding 12 that generates a magnetic field. The secondary winding 14A captures the magnetic field and generates a voltage / current spike. The flyback diode 24 prevents the energy from this voltage / current spike from leaking back to the secondary winding 14A, so it is stored in the storage capacitor 22. The energy stored in the storage capacitor 22 can only discharge as a DC voltage output across both ends of the secondary winding 14A. The filter capacitor 26 suppresses the voltage spikes across both ends of the secondary winding 14A that may occur when the voltage across both ends of the secondary winding 14A suddenly changes. The balancing capacitor 28 ensures that the voltage across both ends of each of the plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E is the same value. The use of the balancing capacitor 28 eliminates the need for a snubber circuit within the signal amplifier 5.

[0028] The physical size of a capacitor is determined by two factors: the operating voltage and the capacitance. The operating voltage is the maximum voltage at which the capacitor can operate. The only way to increase the operating voltage of a capacitor is to increase its size. Capacitors with high operating voltages have a relatively large physical size. Capacitors with low operating voltages have a smaller physical size. Conventional high-voltage generators require capacitors with high operating voltages. Therefore, conventional high-voltage generators tend to be larger in physical size. By generating multiple low voltages and combining them in series to produce a high voltage, the signal amplifier 5 does not require a capacitor with a high operating voltage, and thus has a smaller physical size than conventional high-voltage generators. Such characteristics are desirable in a handset 100 that must be held and operated by a user during use.

[0029] Capacitors with high operating voltages also require more time to fully charge and discharge. By generating multiple lower voltages and combining them in series to produce a high voltage, the signal amplifier 5 provides the high voltage significantly faster than conventional high-voltage generators.

[0030] Furthermore, conventional high-voltage generators used in medical devices (e.g., electroporation pulse generators) that include capacitors with high operating voltages pose a safety problem of electrocution to the users of the medical devices. The capacitors of conventional high-voltage generators must be charged to a high voltage before the treatment begins and be able to generate a high output voltage. While the capacitor is charged to a high voltage but the electroporation pulse has not yet been administered, the capacitor holds a large amount of electrical energy. This large amount of electrical energy has the ability to cause serious harm to the users of the medical device if they are electrocuted by the medical device. Furthermore, the large amount of electrical energy can potentially rupture the conventional high-voltage generator. By generating multiple lower voltages and combining them in series to produce a high voltage, the signal amplifier 5 does not need to store a large amount of electrical energy. Therefore, the safety problem of electrocution that exists in conventional high-voltage generators does not exist in the signal amplifier 5.

[0031] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the signal amplifier 5 includes a thermistor 30. A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance depends on temperature. In some embodiments, a very small duty cycle is used in the signal amplifier 5. This small duty cycle may be greater than the DC current rating of the signal amplifier 5. By monitoring the thermistor 30 using a control circuit (not shown), it can be ensured that the signal amplifier 5 does not exceed any component rating. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the thermistor 30 is coupled between a common node connected to a plurality of secondary windings 14A - 14E and the primary winding 12.

[0032] The power supply 34 supplies a nominal or pulsed DC voltage to the voltage amplifier 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the power supply 34 is powered by one or more batteries or battery packs. In other embodiments, the power supply 34 is powered by a main power supply having, for example, a nominal line voltage of 100V - 240V AC and a frequency of about 50 - 60 Hz. In other embodiments, the power supply 34 is powered by a combination of battery power and main power. In some embodiments, the power supply 34 is powered by USB (i.e., Universal Serial Bus) power having a nominal line voltage of 5V. In some embodiments, the battery is a type of rechargeable battery. Rechargeable batteries include, for example, lithium-ion, lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, etc. Lithium-ion batteries are smaller and lighter than conventional lead-acid batteries.

[0033] The power switch 36 regulates the flow of energy from the power supply 34 to the signal amplifier 5. The power switch is electrically coupled to the signal amplifier 5 via a first input 16A and a second input 16B. The voltage difference between the first input 16A and the second input 16B is based on the on-time and off-time (i.e., duty cycle) of the power switch 36. In some embodiments, the power switch 36 includes a switching field effect transistor (FET).

[0034] Thus, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, a signal amplifier and a signal generator. Various features and advantages of the present disclosure are set forth in the following claims.

[0035] For reasons of completeness, various aspects of the invention are set forth in the following numbered clauses.

[0036] 1. A handset for use in an electroporation device, the handset comprising: a housing; a signal amplifier disposed within the housing; wherein the signal amplifier comprises: a primary winding; a plurality of secondary windings coupled to each other in series, each of the plurality of secondary windings having a storage capacitor and a flyback diode coupled thereto; an array having a plurality of electrodes in electrical communication with the signal amplifier; [[ID=2,3]] the handset.

[0037] 2. The handset according to clause 1, wherein a turns ratio of the primary winding to each of the plurality of secondary windings is 1:1.

[0038] 3. The handset according to clause 1, wherein each flyback diode and storage capacitor is coupled to one of the plurality of secondary windings in series.

[0039] 4. The handset according to clause 1, wherein the flyback diode and the storage capacitor are coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings in parallel.

[0040] 5. The handset according to clause 4, wherein a filter capacitor is coupled to the storage capacitor in parallel.

[0041] 6. The handset according to clause 5, wherein a balancing capacitor is coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings in parallel.

[0042] 7. The thermistor is coupled between the plurality of secondary windings and the primary winding, the handset according to clause 6.

[0043] 8. The plurality of secondary windings includes at least five secondary windings, the handset according to clause 1.

[0044] 9. The primary winding, the plurality of secondary windings, the storage capacitor and the flyback diode are each arranged within a signal generator housing, the handset according to clause 1.

[0045] 10. An electroporation device, a housing, a signal generator disposed within the housing, comprising: the signal generator is a signal amplifier having a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings coupled to each other in series, the signal amplifier having a storage capacitor and a flyback diode coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings, a power source, a power switch configured to supply a voltage from the power source to both ends of the primary winding, an array having one or more electrodes in electrical communication with the signal generator, including the electroporation device.

[0046] 11. The turns ratio of each of the primary winding and the plurality of secondary windings is 1:1, the electroporation device according to clause 10.

[0047] 12. The power source includes a rechargeable battery, the electroporation device according to clause 10.

[0048] 13. The rechargeable battery includes a lithium ion battery, the electroporation device according to clause 12.

[0049] 14. The electroporation device according to clause 10, wherein the flyback diode and the storage capacitor are connected in series and coupled to each other.

[0050] 15. The electroporation device according to clause 14, wherein the flyback diode and the storage capacitor are connected in parallel and coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings.

[0051] 16. The electroporation device according to clause 15, wherein a filter capacitor is connected in parallel and coupled to the storage capacitor.

[0052] 17. The electroporation device according to clause 10, wherein a balance capacitor is connected in parallel and coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings.

[0053] 18. The electroporation device according to clause 10, wherein a thermistor is connected between the plurality of secondary windings and the primary winding.

[0054] 19. An electroporation system, a base station, and a handset removably coupled to the base station, wherein the handset includes a housing, an injection assembly, a power supply assembly, and a signal generator disposed within the housing of the handset and communicable with the injection assembly, wherein the signal generator is a signal amplifier having a primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings connected in series and coupled to each other, wherein a storage capacitor and a flyback diode are coupled to each of the plurality of secondary windings, a power switch configured to supply a voltage from the power supply at both ends of the primary winding, and an array having at least one electrode in electrical communication with the signal amplifier. The electroporation device comprising the same.

[0055] 20. The electroporation system according to clause 19, wherein the base station communicates electrically with the power supply when the base station is coupled to the handset.

Claims

1. A handset for use in an electroporation device, the handset comprising: a housing; an array having one or more electrodes configured to extend from the housing; a signal amplifier disposed within the housing, wherein the signal amplifier comprises a primary winding configured to receive a voltage from a power source, and a secondary winding coupled to each other in series, the secondary winding having a first output and a second output, and a voltage between the secondary windings being equal to a voltage difference between the first output and the second output; wherein the secondary winding includes at least five secondary windings, and a turns ratio between each of the primary winding and the secondary windings is 1:1; wherein the one or more electrodes are in electrical communication with the first output and the second output of the signal amplifier; and each of the secondary windings is coupled to each storage capacitor and each flyback diode, the handset.

2. The handset according to claim 1, further comprising the power source.

3. The handset according to claim 2, wherein the power source comprises one or more rechargeable batteries.

4. The handset according to claim 2, wherein the one or more rechargeable batteries include lithium-ion batteries.

5. The handset according to claim 1, wherein each of the flyback diodes and each of the storage capacitors are coupled to one of each of the secondary windings in series.

6. The handset according to claim 1, wherein each of the flyback diodes and each of the storage capacitors are coupled to one of each of the secondary windings in parallel.

7. The handset according to claim 6, wherein each of the storage capacitors and each filter capacitor are coupled to each other in parallel.

8. The handset according to claim 7, wherein each of the secondary windings is coupled to each balancing capacitor in parallel.

9. The handset according to claim 1, wherein a thermistor is coupled between the secondary winding and the primary winding.

10. An electroporation device comprising: a housing; a signal generator disposed within the housing, the signal generator A signal amplifier having a primary winding and secondary windings connected in series with each other, wherein the secondary windings have a first output and a second output, and the voltage between the secondary windings is equal to the voltage difference between the first output and the second output. A signal generator including a power switch configured to supply a voltage from a power source at both ends of the primary winding. An array having one or more electrodes in electrical communication with the first output and the second output of the signal generator. Comprising: Each of the secondary windings is coupled to each storage capacitor and each flyback diode. An electroporation device, wherein the secondary winding includes at least five secondary windings, and the turns ratio between the primary winding and each of the secondary windings is 1:

1.

11. The electroporation device according to claim 10, further comprising the power source.

12. The electroporation device according to claim 11, wherein the power source includes a rechargeable battery.

13. The electroporation device according to claim 10, wherein each of the flyback diodes and each of the storage capacitors are connected to each other in series.

14. The electroporation device according to claim 10, wherein each of the flyback diodes and each of the storage capacitors are connected to each of the secondary windings in parallel.

15. The electroporation device according to claim 10, wherein each of the storage capacitors and each filter capacitor are connected to each other in parallel.

16. The electroporation device according to claim 10, wherein each of the secondary windings is connected to each balance capacitor in parallel.

17. The electroporation device according to claim 10, wherein a thermistor is connected between the secondary winding and the primary winding.

18. An electroporation system, comprising: A base station; A handset removably coupled to the base station. The handset includes: A housing; An injection assembly; A signal generator disposed within the housing of the handset and communicable with the injection assembly, the signal generator comprising: A signal amplifier having a primary winding and secondary windings connected in series with each other, wherein the secondary windings have a first output and a second output, and the voltage between the secondary windings is equal to the voltage difference between the first output and the second output. A signal generator comprising a power switch configured to supply a voltage from a power source at both ends of the primary winding. An array having at least one electrode in electrical communication with the signal amplifier. Comprising. Each of the secondary windings is coupled to each storage capacitor and each flyback diode. An electroporation system, wherein the secondary winding includes at least five secondary windings, and the turns ratio between the primary winding and each of the secondary windings is 1:

1.

19. The electroporation system according to claim 18, wherein the handset comprises the power source.

20. The electroporation system according to claim 19, wherein when the handset is coupled to the base station, the handset is in electrical communication with another power source.

21. The electroporation system according to claim 20, wherein the power source of the handset is a rechargeable battery configured to be recharged by the another power source when the handset is coupled to the base station.

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