Apparatus and method for tunneling

Abstract

An apparatus and method for tunnel boring are presented that allows reliable determination of the viscosity of the material between the cutting wheel front and the face. [Solution] In an apparatus and method for tunnel excavation, a cutting wheel (109) is provided on its cutting wheel front part (112) with a number of measuring modules (151, 154, 157, 160, 163) of a sensor means for directly sampling and measuring the viscosity of a material between the cutting wheel front part (112) and the face (118) by detecting different types of measurements specific to that viscosity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for tunneling as described in the generic concept of claim 1.

[0002] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for tunneling.

Background Art

[0003] This type of apparatus is known from the following Patent Document 1 (JP 2010-13895 A). This known apparatus has a rotatable cutting wheel, and using this cutting wheel, in the face (excavation surface) on the front side in the tunneling direction, with the excavation tools disposed on the front surface of the cutting wheel, the adjacent geology can be excavated. The material excavated from the face can be fed into an excavation chamber provided on the back side of the front surface of the cutting wheel in the tunneling direction. Furthermore, a discharge unit is provided to enable the discharge of the material in the excavation chamber. Further, sensor means are provided, and these sensor means interact with the material in the excavation chamber to detect a measured value specific to the viscosity (consistency) of the material excavated at the face. Using this known apparatus, a tunnel can be excavated.

[0004] From the following Patent Document 2 (DE 691 22 010 T2), a positioning device for an underground excavator is known, and this positioning device has a conductor loop movable relative to each other and at least one magnetic field detector for calculating the position of the underground excavator relative to a reference position using a position computer.

[0005] From the following Patent Document 3 (DE 20 2019 100 821 U1), an apparatus for inspecting the adhesiveness of a sample substance to predict excavation conditions during tunnel excavation is known. The apparatus is incorporated in a test stand and has a rotatable cutting wheel disposed in a substance receiving tube. The cutting wheel is provided to contact the sample substance taken into the substance receiving tube and is equipped with sensors for this purpose. These sensors are configured to measure at least one measured quantity. The measured quantities include deformation of the cutting wheel, torque of the cutting wheel, electrical conductivity of the cutting wheel, wear of the cutting wheel, and pressure of the cutting wheel.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

Patent Document 6

Patent Document 7

Patent Document 8

Patent Document 9

Patent Document 10

Patent Document 11

Patent Document 12

Non-Patent Literature

[0007]

Non-Patent Literature 1

Non-Patent Literature 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0008] The problem underlying the present invention is, in particular, to present an apparatus of the type initially described which can reliably determine the viscosity of the substance between the cutting wheel front face and the face in order to relatively reliably avoid unwanted adhesion and excessive wear and for the purpose of providing reliable face support during operation.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] The above problem is solved by an apparatus having the characteristic configuration of claim 1 according to the present invention in an apparatus of the type described at the beginning. That is, according to a first aspect of the present invention, An apparatus for tunneling, Having a rotatable cutting wheel, using the cutting wheel, in the face at the front side in the tunneling direction, using a cutting tool disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel, and the adjacent geology is excavable, Having an excavation chamber provided on the back side of the front surface portion of the cutting wheel in the excavation direction, and substances excavated at the face can be fed into the excavation chamber, Having a discharge unit, using the discharge unit, substances in the excavation chamber can be discharged, and further, A configuration having sensor means for detecting a measurement value specific to the viscosity of substances excavated at the face, At least two measurement modules of the sensor means are disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel, and the measurement modules disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel are configured to detect different types of measurement values, An apparatus is provided, which is characterized thereby. More specifically, in the first aspect, An apparatus for tunneling, Having a rotatable cutting wheel, using the cutting wheel, in the face at the front side in the tunneling direction, using a cutting tool disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel, and the adjacent geology is excavable, Having an excavation chamber provided on the back side of the front surface portion of the cutting wheel in the excavation direction, and substances excavated at the face can be fed into the excavation chamber, Having a discharge unit, using the discharge unit, substances in the excavation chamber can be discharged, and further, A configuration having sensor means disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel, At least two measurement modules of the sensor means are configured to detect a measured value specific to the viscosity of the material excavated at the face, and the measurement module disposed on the front surface of the cutting wheel is configured to detect different types of measured values. The measurement module disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel includes, as a pair, a multi-measurement module including at least one bending sensor, at least one earth pressure sensor, and at least one temperature sensor, a plurality of moisture sensors, and a spindle measurement module including an acoustic irradiation unit having an acoustic generator and an acoustic sensor, a push rod measurement module including an acoustic irradiation unit having an acoustic generator and an acoustic sensor, an earth pressure measurement module, a temperature measurement module, and a moisture measurement module including a flow meter and a predetermined number of moisture sensors, or has a combination using three or more measurement modules. are characterized by.

[0010] The above problem is solved by a method for driving a tunnel, according to the present invention, by the method having the configuration described in claim 6 is solved. That is, according to the second aspect of the present invention, A method for driving a tunnel, comprising the following steps, namely, - Providing the device described in the first aspect, - Detecting a measured value by the measurement module disposed on the front surface of the cutting wheel, and - Adjusting the material between the front surface of the cutting wheel and the face by adding an adjusting material based on different types of measured values. including, A method is provided which is characterized by.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] In the present invention, the following embodiments are possible. (Embodiment 1) An apparatus for tunneling, having a rotatable cutting wheel, using the cutting wheel, and using a cutting tool disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel at the face in the front side of the tunneling direction, and the adjacent geology is excavable. having an excavation chamber provided on the back side of the front surface portion of the cutting wheel in the excavation direction, and substances excavated at the face can be fed into the excavation chamber. having a discharge unit, and using the discharge unit, substances in the excavation chamber can be discharged. Further, it has a configuration having sensor means for detecting a measured value specific to the viscosity of the substance excavated at the face. at least two measurement modules of the sensor means are disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel, and the measurement module disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel is configured to detect different types of measured values. (Embodiment 2) It is preferable that the measurement module disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel includes, as a pair, a multi-measurement module, a spindle measurement module, a push rod measurement module, an earth pressure measurement module, a temperature measurement module, and a moisture measurement module, or has a combination using three or more measurement modules. (Embodiment 3) It is preferable that the sensor means includes a measurement module for detecting different types of measured values regarding the viscosity of the substance in the excavation chamber. (Embodiment 4) It is preferable that the sensor means is connected to an operation data detection module. (Embodiment 5) An image recording module connected to the operating data detection module is provided, and it is preferable that substances discharged from the excavation chamber can be detected visually using the image recording module. (Form 6) A control circuit including the operating data detection module is provided, and using the control circuit, based on the measured values of this type, through an adjustment mechanism for adding an adjustment material, on the one hand, the viscosity of the substance between the front surface of the cutting wheel and the face, and on the other hand, the viscosity of the substance in the excavation chamber can be selectively adjusted. This is preferable. (Form 7) A method for driving a tunnel, including the following steps, namely, - a step of providing the apparatus according to any one of Forms 1 to 6, - a step of detecting a measured value by a measurement module disposed on the front surface of the cutting wheel, and - a step of adjusting the substance between the front surface of the cutting wheel and the face by adding an adjustment material based on different types of measured values. It includes this. (Form 8) The adjustment mechanism disposed in the region between the front surface of the cutting wheel and the face is configured to generate at least two zones of different viscosities by appropriately adding an adjustment material, and these zones are sampled and measured using at least one measurement module respectively. This is preferable. (Form 9) It is preferable that a measured value is detected by a measurement module disposed in the excavation chamber, and an adjustment material is added to selectively adjust the viscosity of the substance between the front surface of the cutting wheel and the face on the one hand, and the viscosity of the substance in the excavation chamber on the other hand. (Form 10) The measured value is preferably detected when the cutting wheel stops. (Form 11) The measured value is preferably detected when the cutting wheel rotates. It should be noted that the reference numerals in the drawings appended to the claims of this application are solely for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the illustrated forms.

[0012] According to the present invention, a measurement module of the sensor means is disposed on the front surface portion of the cutting wheel, and the measurement module disposed there is configured to detect different types of measurement values. Thus, the viscosity of the substance between the front surface portion of the cutting wheel and the cutting edge is determined relatively accurately by very directly associating different types of measurement values, and thereby, for example, an adjusting material (conditioning agent) can be directly applied to the viscosity of this substance via a control circuit unit. Accordingly, unwanted adhesion and excessive wear of the cutting tool are avoided, and the cutting edge is supported with operational reliability.

[0013] A further configuration suitable for the object of the present invention is the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0014] Further configurations and advantages suitable for the object of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the figures of the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Embodiment

[0016] Figure 1 shows a simplified schematic side view of an embodiment of an apparatus for tunneling according to the present invention in the form of a tunnel boring machine 103 configured for earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling. The tunnel boring machine 103 has a cutting wheel 109 that is rotatable via a cutting wheel drive unit 106, and a predetermined number of excavation tools 115 are disposed on the cutting wheel front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel 109. Using these excavation tools 115, material can be excavated at the face (excavation surface) 118 located in front of the cutting wheel 109 in the tunneling direction. The material excavated at the face 118 can be fed into an excavation chamber 121 provided on the back side of the cutting wheel front surface portion 112 in the tunneling direction. From the excavation chamber 121, the excavated material can be discharged to a drop opening 133 via a discharge unit having a discharge screw unit 124 with a spiral screw 130 rotatable within an enclosure pipe 127.

[0017] One end of a discharge belt 136 of the discharge unit is disposed at the drop opening 133, and the dropped material can be discharged through the tunnel space 139 using the discharge belt 136.

[0018] The tunnel space 139 is lined with segments 142 on the back side of the cutting wheel 109. At this time, a plurality of tunneling pressing means 145 are supported on the front surface portion of the last-attached segment 142 facing the cutting wheel 109. Using these tunneling pressing means 145, the machine frame 148 that supports the cutting wheel drive unit 106 and, together with it, the cutting wheel 109 can be pressed against the face 118.

[0019] The tunnel boring machine 103 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes, at the cutting wheel front face portion 112, in addition to the excavation tool 115, at least two measurement modules of sensor means for detecting different types of measurement values. These measurement modules include, in one embodiment, at least one multi-measurement module 151, at least one spindle measurement module 154, at least one push rod measurement module 157, at least one earth pressure measurement module 160, or at least one temperature measurement module 163 as at least one pair combination. These measurement modules 151, 154, 157, 160, 163 of the sensor means are configured to detect measurement values when the cutting wheel 109 is stopped or when the cutting wheel 109 is rotating, and from these measurement values, a specific measured quantity that globally characterizes the viscosity of the substance between the cutting wheel front face portion 112 and the face 118 is set for a control circuit unit for controlling and substantially automating the conditioning of the substance between the cutting wheel front face portion 112 and the face 118 using a conditioning material added via an adjustment mechanism (adjustment means) not shown in FIG. 1.

[0020] At this time, at least some of the push rod measurement modules 157 are configured and dimensioned such that they can be attached to the position of the excavation tool 115 as needed.

[0021] The earth pressure acting on the cutting wheel front face portion 112 can be determined using one earth pressure measurement module 160 or each earth pressure measurement module 160, and this earth pressure is related to the viscosity of the adjacent substance. That is, for example, when there is a possibility of stress release such as by (liquid) outflow, a more fluid substance exerts a lower pressure on the earth pressure measurement module 160, and a more viscous substance exerts a higher pressure, which is reflected in the measurement value output by the earth pressure measurement module 160.

[0022] Also, by using the temperature measurement module 163, the temperature of the substance between the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel and the cutting edge 118 around the temperature measurement module 163 can be determined. At this time, this temperature is related to the viscosity of the substance. That is, typically, a relatively high temperature is characteristic of strong friction, and thus is characteristic of the viscosity of substances ranging from relatively high adhesiveness to adhesiveness, and a relatively low temperature is characteristic of the viscosity of substances that are flowable and generate little frictional heat. Therefore, the measured value output by the temperature measurement module 163 is also characteristic of the viscosity of the substance.

[0023] Advantageously, the adjustment mechanism disposed in the region between the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel and the cutting edge 118 can be configured to generate at least two zones of different viscosities by appropriately adding an adjustment material (conditioning agent). Each of these zones can be sampled by at least one of the measurement modules 151, 154, 157, 160, 163 to obtain a measured value characteristic of the respective viscosity.

[0024] Furthermore, from the drawing of FIG. 1, on the side of the machine frame 148 adjacent to the excavation chamber 121, in particular, a plurality of spindle measurement modules 154 each connected to the surrounding pipe 127 via a bypass pipe 155, one push rod measurement module 157 disposed substantially in the center, a plurality of earth pressure measurement modules 160, and a plurality of temperature measurement modules 163, it can be seen that additional measurement modules of the sensor means are arranged in the form of. By using these sensor means, in particular, by adding an adjustment material into the excavation chamber 121 using an adjustment mechanism (not shown in FIG. 1), various types of measured values specific to the viscosity of the substance in the excavation chamber 121 can be detected in order to ensure the normal operation of the discharge screw unit 124. At this time, on the one hand, the viscosity of the substance between the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel and the face 118, and there, as will be described in detail below, preferably also zone by zone in the radial direction, and on the other hand, the viscosity of the substance in the excavation chamber 121 can be selectively set, and these may be particularly significantly different as required, for example, to obtain a relatively firm viscosity for the substance dropped onto the discharge belt 136.

[0025] Also, the discharge screw unit 124 is provided with at least one sensor means in the form of at least one push rod measurement module 157 here in order to record measured values specific to the viscosity of the discharged substance.

[0026] As a further measurement module of the sensor means, the tunnel boring machine 103 according to FIG. 1 has an image recording module 166, and by using the image recording module 166, an image of the substance discharged from the excavation chamber 121 and released from the dropping opening 133 can be recorded.

[0027] The tunnel boring machine 103 further includes an operation data detection module 169 and a visualization module 172. Using the operation data detection module 169, different types of measurement values detected by the measurement modules 151, 154, 157, 160, 163 and the images of the image recording module 166 can be saved to obtain further measurement values based on automated image analysis, and in some cases, can be processed as input quantities for the control circuit unit to separately adjust the material between the cutter wheel front face 112 and the face 118, and the material in the excavation chamber 121. The visualization module 172 is used to display typical operating parameters for the operating operator so that manual intervention can be made as needed to adjust the material.

[0028] Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of the multi-measurement module 151 of the tunnel boring machine 103 described with reference to Figure 1. In Figure 2, the multi-measurement module 151 has a piston receiving pot 203 closed at the back side in this configuration, and it can be seen that the piston receiving pot 203 can be closed for the material between the cutter wheel front face 112 and the face 118 via a closing slider 206 in the region of the cutter wheel front face 112. The multi-measurement module 151 further includes a sensor support piston 209, and the sensor support piston 209 can slide (forward and backward) from the piston receiving pot 203 via a slide mechanism (not shown in Figure 2) when the closing slide 206 is opened.

[0029] The sensor support piston 209 includes at least one bending sensor 212 in the form of, for example, a strain gauge, at least one earth pressure sensor 215 disposed on the end face side facing the face 118, and at least one temperature sensor 218. Using these sensors, when the cutter wheel 109 rotates, the deformation of the sensor support piston 209, the pressure applied to the sensor support piston 209 by the material, or the temperature occupying the region of the sensor support piston 209 in the material can be detected as measurement values.

[0030] FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the spindle measurement module 154 of the tunnel boring machine 103 described with reference to FIG. 1. The spindle measurement module 154 has a rotatable sampling screw 303, and the sampling screw 303 is provided in a guide tube 306 disposed on the back side of the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel in the tunneling direction. The guide tube 306 can be closed with respect to the substance adjacent to the face 118 via the inlet slider 309 on the side facing the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel, and on the side opposite to the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel, a sampling tube 312 is flange-fixed, and a substance adjacent to the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel can be fed into the sampling tube 312 when the sampling screw 303 rotates after the inlet slider 309 is opened. A plurality of moisture sensors 315, and an acoustic irradiation unit (ultrasonic irradiation unit) having an acoustic generator 318 and an acoustic sensor 321 are attached to the sampling tube 312. Using the plurality of moisture sensors 315, moisture can be determined as a measured value, and the acoustic irradiation parameters can be determined as further measured values specific to the viscosity of the sampled substance.

[0031] An outlet slider 324 is provided on the side of the sampling tube 312 opposite to the guide tube 306, and after the outlet slider 324 is opened, the substance in the sampling tube 312 can be sent into the excavation chamber 121.

[0032] Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the push rod measurement module 157 of the tunnel boring machine 103 according to Figure 1. The push rod measurement module 157 is provided with a substance receiving pot 403 that opens at the front part of the cutting wheel 112. On the back side, the substance receiving pot 403 is closed by a discharge push rod 406 that is slidable in the longitudinal direction of the substance receiving pot 403. An acoustic irradiation unit (ultrasonic irradiation unit) having an acoustic generator 318 and an acoustic sensor 321 is disposed in the substance receiving pot 403. Using the acoustic generator 318 and the acoustic sensor 321, a measurement value specific to the viscosity of the substance in the substance receiving pot 403 can be detected. To discharge the substance in the substance receiving pot 403, the discharge push rod 406 is slidable in the direction of the front part of the cutting wheel 112 so as to close flush with at least the front part of the cutting wheel 112 as appropriate for the purpose. Also, after a certain period of time after being pushed back, a new substance enters the substance receiving pot 403, and a measurement value specific to its viscosity is detected by new acoustic irradiation.

[0033] Furthermore, the push rod measurement module 157 is configured to record the distance, force, and measurement value specific to the viscosity of the adjacent substance both when it is extended into the adjacent substance beyond the front part of the cutting wheel 112 and when it is retracted, that is, the force to be applied to advance a predetermined distance (stroke) during extension and / or retraction.

[0034] FIG. 5 schematically shows in side view a moisture measurement module 503 as a further measurement module of the sensor means. The moisture measurement module 503 includes a substance receiving pot 506 that opens at the front side portion 112 of the cutting wheel. A predetermined number of moisture sensors 315 are disposed on the side wall portion of the substance receiving pot 506. Using these moisture sensors 315, the moisture of the substance in the substance receiving pot 506 can be determined as a measurement value. The moisture measurement module 503 has a flow meter 512 at the end of the substance receiving pot 506 on the side opposite to the front surface portion 112 of the cutting wheel. Using the flow meter 512, the volume flow rate of the liquid extruded from the material in the substance receiving pot 506 based on the existing pressure can be detected as a further measurement value specific to the viscosity of the substance.

[0035] FIG. 6 schematically shows in side view a further configuration of the spiral screw 130 of the discharge screw unit 124. This discharge screw unit 124 corresponds to the discharge screw unit 124 described with reference to FIG. 1 and is configured to have a spiral screw 130 rotatably disposed in the surrounding tube 127. In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the spiral screw 130 is configured to have a first spiral portion 603 and a second spiral portion 606, which are spaced apart from each other, thereby forming a free space 609 without a spiral therebetween. In the region of the free space 609, at least one moisture sensor 315 and an acoustic irradiation unit (ultrasonic irradiation unit) having an acoustic generator 318 and an acoustic sensor 321 are disposed. Using these, when the spiral screw 130 rotates, the substance conveyed through the surrounding tube 127 can be sampled and measured.

[0036] FIG. 7 shows a front view of the cutting wheel front face 112 of the cutting wheel 109 of the tunnel boring machine 103 illustrated in cross-hatching and having the main arm 703, the sub-arm 706, and an opening located therebetween. Here, a predetermined number of measurement modules are provided in the form of the multi-measurement module 151, the spindle measurement module 154, the push rod measurement module 157, the earth pressure measurement module 160, and the temperature measurement module 163, and, if necessary, the moisture measurement module 503 not shown in FIG. 7. These measurement modules are arranged with circumferential orbits at different intervals from the central portion 709 of the cutting wheel 109, and thus are arranged differently in the radial direction when the cutting wheel 109 rotates. With this arrangement configuration of the measurement modules 151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503, as already described above, zones arranged differently in the radial direction can be sampled separately, and the viscosity of the substance between the cutting wheel front face 112 and the face 118 can be appropriately targeted and adjusted (conditioned) using the adjustment mechanism arranged corresponding to the zones.

[0037] FIG. 8 shows, in block diagram form, an example of a control circuit for setting the viscosity in the region where the geology 803 is adjacent, placed between the front face portion 112 of the cutting wheel and the cutting edge 118. From FIG. 8, it can be seen that the measurement modules 151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503 detect different types of measured values from the region where the geology 803 is adjacent and supply them to the operation data detection module 169. Further, the image from the image recording module 166 is passed to the operation data detection module 169 for evaluation. Based on the data in the form of measured values and images, which are supplied to the operation data detection module 169, visually evaluated, and can be displayed via the visualization module 172, the operation data detection module 169 generates output data that can be supplied to the adjustment device 806 including the above-described adjustment mechanism and adjustment material. At this time, those output data are configured such that, using the adjustment device 806, one or more viscosities in the region where the geology 803 is adjacent, placed between the front face portion 112 of the cutting wheel and the cutting edge 118, can be selectively adjusted to obtain a desired one or more viscosities.

Explanation of Signs

[0038] 103 Tunnel boring machine 106 Cutting wheel drive unit 109 Cutting wheel 112 Front face portion of cutting wheel 115 Excavation tool 118 Cutting edge 121 Excavation chamber 124 Discharge screw unit 127 Surrounding pipe 130 Spiral screw 133 Drop opening 136 Discharge belt 139 Tunnel space 142 Segment 145 Driving press means 148 Machine frame 151 Multi - measurement module 154 Spindle measurement module 155 Bypass pipe 157 Push Rod Measurement Module 160 Earth Pressure Measurement Module 163 Temperature Measurement Module 166 Image Recording Module 169 Operating Data Detection Module 172 Visualization Module 203 Piston Receiving Pot 206 Closing Slider 209 Sensor Support Piston 212 Bending Sensor 215 Earth Pressure Sensor 218 Temperature Sensor 303 Sampling Screw 306 Guide Tube 309 Inlet Slider 312 Sampling Tube 315 Moisture Sensor 318 Acoustic Generator 321 Acoustic Sensor 324 Outlet Slider 403 Substance Receiving Pot 406 Push Rod for Discharge 503 Moisture Measurement Module 506 Substance Receiving Pot 512 Flow Meter 603 First Spiral Portion 606 Second Spiral Portion 609 Free Space 703 Main Arm 706 Sub Arm 709 Central Portion 803 Geology 806 Adjustment Device

Claims

1. An apparatus for tunneling, comprising: a rotatable cutting wheel (109), and using the cutting wheel (109), at the face (118) on the front side in the tunneling direction, using a cutting tool (115) disposed on the front face portion (112) of the cutting wheel, enabling adjacent geology to be excavated; an excavation chamber (121) provided on the back side of the front face portion (112) of the cutting wheel in the excavation direction, and substances excavated at the face (118) can be fed into the excavation chamber (121); a discharge unit (127, 136), and using the discharge unit (127, 136), substances in the excavation chamber (121) can be discharged; and further, a configuration having sensor means disposed on the front face portion (112) of the cutting wheel; at least two measurement modules (151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503) of the sensor means are configured to detect measurement values specific to the viscosity of substances excavated at the face (118), and the measurement modules (151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503) disposed on the front face portion (112) of the cutting wheel are configured to detect different types of measurement values; the measurement modules disposed on the front face portion (112) of the cutting wheel include, as a pair, a multi-measurement module (151) including at least one bending sensor (212), at least one earth pressure sensor (215), and at least one temperature sensor (218), a spindle measurement module (154) having a plurality of moisture sensors (315), and an acoustic irradiation unit having an acoustic generator (318) and an acoustic sensor (321), a push rod measurement module (157) including an acoustic irradiation unit having an acoustic generator (318) and an acoustic sensor (321), an earth pressure measurement module (160), a temperature measurement module (163), and a moisture measurement module (503) including a flow meter (512) and a predetermined number of moisture sensors (315), or having a combination using three or more measurement modules (151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503); An apparatus characterized by the above.

2. The sensor means includes measurement modules (151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503) for detecting different types of measurement values regarding the viscosity of substances in the excavation chamber (121). The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

3. The sensor means is connected to an operation data detection module (169); The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that.

4. An image recording module (166) connected to the operation data detection module (169) is provided, and using the image recording module (166), substances discharged from the excavation chamber (121) can be detected visually; The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that.

5. A control circuit including the operation data detection module (169) is provided, and using the control circuit, based on the measured values of the above types, via an adjustment mechanism for adding an adjustment material, on the one hand, the viscosity of the substance between the front surface portion (112) of the cutting wheel and the face (118), and on the other hand, the viscosity of the substance in the excavation chamber (121) can be selectively adjusted; The apparatus according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that.

6. A method for driving a tunnel, comprising the following steps, namely, - providing the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5; - detecting measured values by measurement modules (151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503) disposed on the front surface portion (112) of the cutting wheel; and - adjusting the substance between the front surface portion (112) of the cutting wheel and the face (118) by adding an adjustment material based on different types of measured values; characterized by including. A method characterized by that.

7. The adjustment mechanism disposed in the region between the front surface portion (112) of the cutting wheel and the face (118) is configured to generate at least two zones of different viscosities by appropriately adding an adjustment material, and these zones are sampled and measured using at least one measurement module (151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503) respectively; The method according to claim 6, characterized in that.

8. Measured values are detected by measurement modules (151, 154, 157, 160, 163, 503) disposed in the excavation chamber (121), and an adjustment material is added to selectively adjust the viscosity of the substance between the front surface portion (112) of the cutting wheel and the face (118) on the one hand and the viscosity of the substance in the excavation chamber (121) on the other hand; The method according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that. Claim 9 The measured value is detected when the cutting wheel (109) stops, The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that. Claim 10 The measured value is detected when the cutting wheel (109) rotates, The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that.

Images