Low Mutual Coupling Miniature Cellular / GNSS Composite Antenna

Abstract

A combined cellular / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna is provided. The combined cellular / GNSS antenna comprises an outer region and an inner region defined by a circumference of a circle. The combined cellular / GNSS antenna further comprises a cellular antenna and a GNSS antenna. The cellular antenna comprises a group of cellular radiators disposed in the outer region and is connected to a cellular power supply network to excite the group of cellular radiators. The GNSS antenna comprises radiating elements disposed in the inner region and has a center located approximately at the center of the circle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to antennas, and more specifically to a small-sized cellular / Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) composite antenna with low mutual coupling.

Background Art

[0002] Modern high-precision positioning receivers provide both reception of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and transmission of corrections via a cellular network. Therefore, receivers typically include not only a GNSS antenna but also, for example, a cellular antenna compliant with the 4G / LTE (Fourth Generation Long Term Evolution) standard. Since antennas are generally designed to reduce overall housing dimensions, the cellular antenna and the GNSS antenna may be placed too close to each other, resulting in increased mutual coupling between the cellular antenna and the GNSS antenna and increased interference during GNSS signal reception.

[0003] In recent years, antennas having a cellular antenna arranged horizontally at a position relatively close to the GNSS antenna have been proposed. The isolation between the GNSS antenna and the cellular antenna has been shown to be approximately -10 dB (decibel). Since the height of such a cellular antenna significantly exceeds the height of the GNSS antenna, this cellular antenna may adversely affect the radiation pattern of the GNSS antenna. In particular, the aforementioned cellular antenna may cause partial degradation of the azimuth radiation pattern of the GNSS antenna, a significant offset of the phase center with respect to the symmetry axis of the GNSS antenna, and a high level of backlobes in the radiation pattern of the GNSS antenna.

[0004] U.S. Patent No. 10,483,633 discloses a multi-functional GNSS antenna including first and second dielectric substrates arranged in a stacked manner. These substrates include a metallization layer, and radiating elements for both the GNSS antenna and the 4G antenna are formed using this metallization layer. The radiating elements of the cellular antenna are arranged at the edges and sides of the first dielectric plate. In such a design, the cellular antenna is arranged below the GNSS antenna, and the influence of the cellular antenna on the radiation pattern of the GNSS antenna is reduced. However, the radiation pattern of the cellular antenna may be distorted by colliding with the metallization layer of the GNSS antenna. Since the design of the cellular antenna is not symmetric with respect to the design of the GNSS antenna, the adverse effect of the GNSS antenna on the cellular antenna can be relatively strong. To reduce the mutual coupling between the GNSS antenna and the cellular antenna, additional filters have also been proposed, but this increases the cost of the antenna.

[0005] When the lateral dimension of the receiver housing is reduced, the ground plane of the GNSS antenna also decreases. Accordingly, the level of the back lobe of the radiation pattern in the GNSS antenna increases, and due to multipath reception, the positioning error increases. Particularly in the case of the low-frequency band of the GNSS band, this tendency is strong because the ratio of the ground plane area to the wavelength is minimized.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 10,381,734 discloses a patch antenna in which the back lobe of the radiation pattern is reduced by a set of wires connecting the radiating patch and the ground plane. However, since the wires are located in the peripheral region of the patch antenna, it becomes difficult to arrange the elements of the cellular antenna in this peripheral region. Furthermore, when the wires of the GNSS antenna and the cellular antenna elements are arranged close to each other, particularly in the low-frequency region, it becomes difficult to adjust the cellular antenna. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present invention proposes a low mutual coupling small cell / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna equipped with a cellular antenna and a GNSS antenna. The cellular antenna has a symmetric azimuth radiation pattern with no distortion in the radiation pattern and the phase center of the GNSS antenna. Further, even when disposed within the housing of a small receiver, the back lobe of the GNSS antenna is at a low level.

[0008] In one embodiment, a composite antenna for cell / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is provided. The cell / GNSS composite antenna is composed of an external region and an internal region defined by a boundary defined by the circumference of a circle. Further, the cell / GNSS composite antenna includes a cellular antenna and a GNSS antenna. The cellular antenna includes a cellular radiation element group disposed in the external region, and is connected to a cellular power supply network to excite the cellular radiation element group. The GNSS antenna includes a plurality of radiation elements disposed in the internal region, and the centers of the plurality of radiation elements are located at substantially the center of the circle.

[0009] In one embodiment, the cellular antenna further includes an output port. The output port of the cellular power supply network serves as the output port of the cellular antenna. The cellular power supply network and the ground plane of the GNSS antenna may be disposed on a PCB (Printed Circuit Board).

[0010] In one embodiment, the cellular radiation element group of the cellular antenna reduces the level of the back lobe of the GNSS antenna. Each cellular radiation element in the cellular radiation element group includes at least one vertical conductor substantially parallel to the central axis of the circle and at least one horizontal conductor substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the circle. The at least one horizontal conductor of the cellular radiation element group of the cellular antenna and the radiation element of the GNSS antenna are disposed on a PCB. Each of the at least one horizontal conductors of the cellular radiation element group has a first end and a second end. The first end is connected to a corresponding one of the at least one vertical conductors of the cellular radiation element group, and the second end is insulated. The first side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna includes at least one horizontal conductor of the cellular radiation element group, and the second side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna includes a ground plane of the GNSS antenna. The first ends and the second ends of each of the at least one horizontal conductors of the cellular radiation element group are arranged such that the rotation from the first end to the second end with respect to the central axis is in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the first side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna.

[0011] In one embodiment, the cellular radiation element group includes four identical cellular radiation elements that are rotationally symmetric about the central axis of the circle by 90 degrees and are arranged equidistantly around the circumference.

[0012] In one embodiment, the cellular power supply network includes a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, and a fourth microstrip line, each having a substantially same length, and a Wilkinson divider. A first end of the first microstrip line is connected to a first cellular radiation unit, a first end of the second microstrip line is connected to a second cellular radiation unit, a first end of the third microstrip line is connected to a third cellular radiation unit, and a first end of the fourth microstrip line is connected to a fourth cellular radiation unit. A second end of the first microstrip line and a second end of the third microstrip line are connected to each other at a first junction point, and a second end of the second microstrip line and a second end of the fourth microstrip line are connected to each other at a second junction point. A first input of the Wilkinson divider is connected to the first junction point, and a second input of the Wilkinson divider is connected to the second junction point. An output of the Wilkinson divider serves as an output port of the cellular power supply network.

[0013] The above and other effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art by referring to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014]

Figure 1A

Figure 1B

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4A

Figure 4B

Figure 4C

Figure 5

Figure 6

[0015] The embodiments disclosed herein provide a small-sized cellular / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) composite antenna including a low mutual-coupling cellular antenna and a GNSS antenna. This cellular antenna is composed of a circular antenna array of radiating elements that are symmetrically arranged around the GNSS antenna and excited in phase. Thereby, a symmetric radiation pattern of the cellular antenna, a symmetric radiation pattern of the GNSS antenna, and the stability of the phase center are ensured. This cellular antenna excites a linearly polarized wave whose phase is independent of the azimuth angle. This GNSS antenna excites a right-handed circularly polarized wave whose phase linearly depends on the azimuth angle. Therefore, orthogonal spherical harmonics are excited by this cellular antenna and this GNSS antenna, and thus, when the positions of both antennas are close to each other, a large isolation occurs. The embodiments disclosed herein are described in more detail with reference to the drawings, and the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0016] Figures 1A to 1B are diagrams exemplarily showing a cellular / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) composite antenna 100 according to one or more embodiments. FIG. 1A shows a top isometric view of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100, and FIG. 1B shows a bottom isometric view of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100. The cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 includes a cellular antenna 10 and a GNSS antenna 11.

[0017] The cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 is composed of an external region 114 and an internal region 113 defined or separated by a boundary defined by the circumference of a circle 104. Accordingly, the internal region 113 is an area within the circumference of the circle 104, and the external region 114 is an area between the circumference of the circle 104 and the outer periphery of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 (i.e., the outer periphery of the printed circuit board (PCB) 107). The circle 104 has a radius of R and is centered on a central axis 105.

[0018] The cellular antenna 10 includes a circular antenna array in which the same cellular radiating parts 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are set, and a cellular power supply network 102. The cellular radiating parts 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are arranged equidistantly around the circumference of the circle 104 in the external region 114. Accordingly, the cellular radiating parts 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d have rotational symmetry of 90 degrees with respect to the central axis 105. The central axis 105 is oriented in the direction in which the GNSS antenna 11 receives signals at the maximum level.

[0019] The cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d each comprise a set of conductive elements made to ensure the operation of the cellular antenna 10 in an appropriate cellular network. For example, an LTE (long-term evolution) cellular antenna operates in frequency bands from 698 MHz (megahertz) to 960 MHz and from 1427.9 MHz to 2700 MHz. In one embodiment, the set of conductive elements comprised by the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d each comprises one or more vertical conductor pins and one or more horizontal conductors. The vertical conductor pins are substantially parallel to the central axis 105, and the horizontal conductors are substantially perpendicular to the central axis 105. For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, the cellular radiation unit 101a comprises a vertical conductor pin 110a and a horizontal conductor 111a, the cellular radiation unit 101b comprises a vertical conductor pin 110b and a horizontal conductor 111b, the cellular radiation unit 101c comprises a vertical conductor pin 110c and a horizontal conductor 111c, and the cellular radiation unit 101d comprises a vertical conductor pin 110d and a horizontal conductor 111d. The horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d are disposed on the PCB 108. The conductive elements of the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d can be made, for example, on a flexible PCB bent into a cylindrical shape whose longitudinal axis coincides with the central axis 105 and whose radius is equal to the radius of the circle 104.

[0020] The cellular power supply network 102 comprises input ports 109a, 109b, 109c, and 109d and an output port. Each of the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d is connected to the respective input ports 109a, 109b, 109c, and 109d of the cellular power supply network 102. The output port of the cellular power supply network 102 is connected to the connector 103 which is also the output of the cellular antenna 10. The cellular power supply network 102 performs in-phase excitation of the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d.

[0021] The GNSS antenna 11 is adjusted to receive RHCP waves (right-hand circularly polarized waves) in the GNSS frequency band. For example, the GNSS antenna 11 may operate in frequency bands from 1165 MHz to 1300 MHz and from 1530 MHz to 1605 MHz. The GNSS antenna 11 includes a ground plane 106 and a radiating element 112. The radiating path can also be the radiating element of the GNSS antenna. The radiating element 112 is disposed in the internal region 113. Accordingly, the cellular radiating parts 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are symmetrically arranged around the GNSS antenna 11.

[0022] In one embodiment, the ground plane 106 may be a metallization layer of the PCB 107. In this embodiment, the cellular feeding network 102 can be arranged in another metallization layer of the PCB 107. For example, FIG. 1B shows an embodiment of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 in which the cellular feeding network 102 is arranged on the lower metallization layer of the PCB 107, and FIG. 4A shows an embodiment of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 in which the cellular feeding network 102 is arranged on the upper metallization layer of the PCB 107.

[0023] The GNSS antenna 11 includes an output connector 108, and the output connector 108 may be arranged on the PCB 107. The center of the GNSS antenna 11 is located on a central axis 105 passing through the center of the circle 104. Thus, the cellular radiating parts 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d of the cellular antenna 10 are symmetrically arranged around the GNSS antenna 11.

[0024] FIG. 2 is a diagram exemplarily showing a cellular power supply network 200 of a cellular antenna according to one or more embodiments. In one embodiment, the cellular power supply network 200 is the cellular power supply network 102 of the cellular antenna 10 of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 of FIG. 1. The cellular power supply network 200 includes Wilkinson distributors 202, 203, and 204. The input ports of the Wilkinson distributors 202 and 203 are connected to input ports 109а, 109b, 109с, and 109d, respectively, and microstrip lines 201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d of the same length are used for this connection. The output ports of the Wilkinson distributors 202 and 203 are connected to the input port of the Wilkinson distributor 204 using microstrip lines 205 and 206 of the same length. The output port of the Wilkinson distributor 204 is connected to the connector 103. In this way, in-phase excitation of the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d is performed. One of the drawbacks of the cellular power supply network 200 is that it contributes to significant losses of the GNSS antenna 11. Since the GNSS antenna 11 is adjusted to receive circularly polarized signals, the waves induced at the input ports 109а, 109b, 109с, and 109d by the GNSS antenna 11 have a 90-degree phase difference, and current flows through the balun resistors 207 and 208, causing partial loss of the GNSS signal power.

[0025] FIG. 3 is a diagram exemplarily showing a cellular power supply network 300 of a cellular antenna according to one or more embodiments. In one embodiment, the cellular power supply network 300 is the cellular power supply network 102 of the cellular antenna 10 of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 of FIG. 1. By the cellular power supply network 300, the cellular radiating units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are excited in the same phase, and no loss of GNSS signals occurs. As shown in FIG. 3, the cellular power supply network 300 includes four microstrip lines 308a, 308b, 308c, and 308d of the same length. The microstrip lines 308a and 308c are respectively connected to the input ports 109a and 109c, and the microstrip line 311 is connected to the first input of the Wilkinson divider 310. The microstrip lines 308a, 308c, and 311 are connected to each other at the junction 301. Similarly, the microstrip lines 308b and 308d are respectively connected to the input ports 109b and 109d, and the microstrip line 309 is connected to the second input of the Wilkinson divider 310. The microstrip lines 308b, 308d, and 309 are connected to each other at the junction 302. The output port of the Wilkinson divider 310 is connected to the connector 103. The microstrip line 308 is disconnected at a point where the microstrip lines 308b and 308c should cross, and a capacitor 303 having an impedance close to the short-circuit impedance in the operating frequency band is connected to this disconnection part.

[0026] Since ports 109a and 109c are in positions rotated 180 degrees from each other with respect to the central axis 105 (shown in FIG. 3 as passing through the page), the waves induced by the GNSS antenna 11 are in opposite phases. Further, since lines 308a and 308c are of the same length, these waves induced by the GNSS antenna 11 are also in opposite phases at the junction point 301, and wave attenuation occurs at the junction point 301. Therefore, the waves induced by the GNSS antenna 11 are not supplied to line 311. Similarly, since input ports 109b and 109d are in positions rotated 180 degrees from each other with respect to the central axis 105, the waves induced by the GNSS antenna 11 are in opposite phases. Since lines 308b and 308d are of the same length, these waves induced by the GNSS antenna 11 are also in opposite phases at the junction point 302, and wave attenuation occurs at the junction point 302. Therefore, the waves induced by the GNSS antenna 11 are not supplied to line 309. For this reason, the current from the GNSS antenna 11 is not induced in the ballast resistor 304 of the Wilkinson divider 310, and the cellular power supply network 102 does not contribute to the loss in the GNSS antenna 11.

[0027] To match the cellular antenna 10, matching elements 305a, 305b, 305c, and 305d having reactive impedance can be connected in series with microstrip lines 308a, 308b, 308c, and 308d, respectively. For example, the matching elements 305a, 305b, 305c, and 305d may be inductors. Matching elements 306 and 307 having reactive impedance can also be connected in series with microstrip lines 311 and 309, respectively. For example, the matching elements 306 and 307 may be capacitors.

[0028] FIGS. 4A - 4C are diagrams exemplarily showing a cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 according to one or more embodiments. FIG. 4A shows an isometric view of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100, FIG. 4B shows a side view of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100, and FIG. 4C shows a top view of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100.

[0029] In the embodiment of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, the radiating element 112 of the GNSS antenna 11 and the horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d of the cellular antenna 10 are arranged on the same PCB 401. The PCB 401 includes an internal region 403 and an external region 404 separated or defined by a boundary line 402. Accordingly, the internal region 403 ranges inside the boundary line 402, and the external region 404 ranges between the boundary line 402 and the outer periphery of the PCB 401. The radiating element 112 of the GNSS antenna 11 is arranged in the internal region 403 of the PCB 401. The horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d of the cellular antenna 10 are arranged in the external region 404 of the PCB 401. The LNA (low noise amplifier) of the GNSS antenna 11 can be arranged on the PCB 107 or the PCB 401.

[0030] The cellular radiation parts 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d of the cellular antenna 10 are configured to reduce the level of the back lobe of the GNSS antenna 11. The total length L of the horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, 111d (exemplarily shown for the cellular radiation part 101a in FIG. 4C), and the height H of the vertical conductors 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (exemplarily shown in FIG. 4B) can be selected such that the matching of the cellular antenna 10 in the cellular network frequency band and the reduction of the level of the back lobe of the GNSS antenna 11 are ensured. In one embodiment, the height H is between 15 and 40 mm (millimeters), and the length L is between 50 and 70 mm.

[0031] Each of the horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d of the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d includes a first end and a second end. FIG. 4C exemplarily shows the horizontal conductor 111a as an example. The first end 403a of the horizontal conductor 111a is connected to the corresponding vertical conductor 110a, and the second end 404a of the horizontal conductor 111a is insulated. In order to reduce the level of the back lobe of the GNSS antenna 11, the first end 403a and the second end 404a are arranged to be counterclockwise with respect to the top view when rotated at a minimum angle from the first end 403a to the second end 404a about the central axis 105 as shown in FIG. 4C. Similarly, the horizontal conductors 111b, 111c, and 111d each include a first end and a second end, and these first and second ends are arranged to be counterclockwise with respect to the top view when rotated at a minimum angle from the first end to the second end about the central axis 105. The horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d of the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d are arranged on the first (e.g., upper) side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100, and the ground plane 106 is arranged on the PCB 107 on the second (e.g., lower) side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100.

[0032] FIGS. 5 and 6 show the experimental results of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna 100 implemented according to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4A - 4C. The antenna parameters were set as height H = 27 mm and length L = 65 mm. The cellular feeding network 102 was implemented according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and the inductor was an 8 nH (nanny Henry) inductor.

[0033] FIG. 5 shows a graph 500 indicating the dependency of the isolation between the implemented cellular antenna and the GNSS antenna. Curve 501 corresponds to the case where the cellular power supply network 102 is connected to the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d. Note that the isolation is about -30 dB or less in the frequency band of 680 to 2500 MHz. Curve 502 shows the isolation between one of the cellular radiation units, 101а, and the GNSS antenna 11 when the cellular power supply network 102 is not connected to the cellular radiation units 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d. From this, it can be seen that the value of the isolation is about -15 dB. Therefore, by using the cellular power supply network 102 according to the embodiment disclosed in this specification, the isolation between the cellular antenna 10 and the GNSS antenna 11 is improved.

[0034] FIG. 6 shows a graph 600 of the meridian plane angle (in degrees) versus the radiation pattern (in dB) of the GNSS antenna. Curve 601 corresponds to a case where the horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d of the cellular antenna are oriented in the direction according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4C. In the present embodiment, the first end 403a and the second end 404a of the horizontal conductor 111a are arranged to be counterclockwise with respect to the top view when rotating from the first end 403a to the second end 404a at a minimum angle about the central axis 105. As described above, the first end 403a is connected to the vertical conductor 110a, and the second end 404a is insulated. The horizontal conductors 111b, 111c, and 111d are also arranged in the same manner. Curve 602 corresponds to another case, in which the horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d of the cellular antenna 10 are oriented in a direction different from that of the above case. In particular, the first end 403a and the second end 404a of the horizontal conductor 111a are arranged to be clockwise with respect to the top view when rotating from the first end 403a to the second end 404a at a minimum angle about the central axis 105. Thus, when the horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d of the cellular antenna 10 are oriented in the direction according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4C, a back lobe level of -16 dB occurs, but when the horizontal conductors 111a, 111b, 111c, and 111d are oriented in another direction, it can be seen that the level of the back lobe deteriorates significantly to -5 dB.

[0035] This specification is for the purpose of explanation and illustration in every respect, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Also, the scope of the present invention disclosed in this specification should not be determined from this specification, but should be construed and determined according to the maximum scope permitted by the patent law in the claims. The embodiments described and illustrated in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various modifications without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement various other combinations of features without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An external region and an internal region defined by a boundary defined by the circumference of a circle, a cellular antenna including a cellular radiation unit group disposed in the external region, the cellular radiation unit group being connected to a cellular power supply network for exciting the cellular radiation unit group, and a GNSS antenna disposed in the internal region and including a radiation element having a center located substantially at the center of the circle, each cellular radiation unit in the cellular radiation unit group includes at least one vertical conductor substantially parallel to the central axis of the circle and at least one horizontal conductor substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the circle, wherein the cellular power supply network and the ground plane of the GNSS antenna are disposed on a PCB (printed circuit board), A cellular / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) composite antenna, characterized by the above.

2. The cellular antenna further includes an output port, wherein the output port of the cellular power supply network serves as the output port of the cellular antenna, The cellular / GNSS composite antenna according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

3. The cellular radiation unit group of the cellular antenna reduces the level of the back lobe of the GNSS antenna, The cellular / GNSS composite antenna according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

4. The at least one horizontal conductor of the cellular radiation unit group of the cellular antenna and the radiation element of the GNSS antenna are disposed on a PCB (printed circuit board), The cellular / GNSS composite antenna according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

5. Each of the at least one horizontal conductors of the cellular radiation unit group includes a first end and a second end, the first end is connected to a corresponding one of the at least one vertical conductors of the cellular radiation unit group, and the second end is insulated, The cellular / GNSS composite antenna according to claim 1, characterized by the above.

6. The first side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna includes the at least one horizontal conductor of the cellular radiation unit group, The second side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna includes the ground plane of the GNSS antenna, Each of the first and second ends of each of the at least one horizontal conductor of the cellular radiation element group is arranged such that the rotation from the first end to the second end around the central axis is in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the first side of the cellular / GNSS composite antenna. The cellular / GNSS composite antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that.

7. The cellular radiation element group includes four identical cellular radiation elements that are rotationally symmetric by 90 degrees with respect to the central axis of the circle and are arranged equidistantly around the circumference. The cellular / GNSS composite antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that.

8. The cellular power supply network is respectively a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, and a fourth microstrip line of substantially the same length, and a Wilkinson divider, and a first end of the first microstrip line is connected to a first cellular radiation element, a first end of the second microstrip line is connected to a second cellular radiation element, a first end of the third microstrip line is connected to a third cellular radiation element, and a first end of the fourth microstrip line is connected to a fourth cellular radiation element. A second end of the first microstrip line and a second end of the third microstrip line are connected at a first junction, and a second end of the second microstrip line and a second end of the fourth microstrip line are connected at a second junction. A first input of the Wilkinson divider is connected to the first junction, and a second input of the Wilkinson divider is connected to the second junction. An output of the Wilkinson divider serves as an output port of the cellular power supply network. The cellular / GNSS composite antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that.

9. An external region and an internal region defined by a boundary defined by the circumference of a circle, and a cellular antenna including a cellular radiation element group arranged in the external region, the cellular radiation element group being connected to a cellular power supply network for exciting the cellular radiation element group, and a GNSS antenna arranged in the internal region and including a radiation element having a center located substantially at the center of the circle. Each cellular radiation unit within the cellular radiation unit group includes at least one vertical conductor substantially parallel to the central axis of the circle and at least one horizontal conductor substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the circle. The cellular radiation unit group of the cellular antenna reduces the level of the back lobe of the GNSS antenna. A cellular / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) composite antenna, characterized in that.

10. An external region and an internal region defined by a boundary defined by the circumference of a circle, A cellular antenna comprising a cellular radiation unit group disposed in the external region, the cellular radiation unit group being connected to a cellular power supply network for exciting the cellular radiation unit group, A GNSS antenna disposed in the internal region and having a radiation element having a center located substantially at the center of the circle. Each cellular radiation unit within the cellular radiation unit group includes at least one vertical conductor substantially parallel to the central axis of the circle and at least one horizontal conductor substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the circle. The cellular power supply network is A first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, and a fourth microstrip line, each having substantially the same length, And a Wilkinson divider. A first end of the first microstrip line is connected to a first cellular radiation unit, a first end of the second microstrip line is connected to a second cellular radiation unit, a first end of the third microstrip line is connected to a third cellular radiation unit, and a first end of the fourth microstrip line is connected to a fourth cellular radiation unit. A second end of the first microstrip line and a second end of the third microstrip line are connected at a first junction, and a second end of the second microstrip line and a second end of the fourth microstrip line are connected at a second junction. A first input of the Wilkinson divider is connected to the first junction, and a second input of the Wilkinson divider is connected to the second junction. An output of the Wilkinson divider serves as an output port of the cellular power supply network. A cellular / GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) composite antenna, characterized in that.

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