patch antenna

Abstract

To achieve matching between a patch antenna and a feed line without complicating the patch antenna while facilitating its manufacture and design, upon increasing an aperture area, in order to increase the gain of the patch antenna.SOLUTION: The present disclosure relates to a patch antenna P includes a patch 1 that is probe-fed by a feed line at feed pins 3x, 3y and has a length of one side in the resonance direction that is longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength λg corresponding to the center frequency, and stubs 2x, 2y that are formed in the same plane as the plane in which the patch 1 is formed, are connected at one side perpendicular to the resonance direction of the patch 1, and achieve matching between the patch 1 and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a technique for increasing the gain of a patch antenna. [Background technology]

[0002] A technique for increasing the gain of a patch antenna is disclosed in Patent Document 1, etc. Patent Document 1 makes it possible to reduce the ground area while increasing the gain of the patch antenna. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-067882 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In order to increase the gain of a patch antenna, it is possible to form an array, but it is also possible to increase the aperture area.To increase the aperture area of the patch antenna, it is possible to make the length in the resonant direction longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength.

[0005] Here, a patch antenna is equivalent to a parallel resonant circuit, and when the length in the resonant direction is made longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength, the inductance has inductive reactance. Therefore, when the length in the resonant direction of the patch antenna is made longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength, matching between the patch antenna and the feed line cannot be achieved simply by adjusting the position of the feed pin.

[0006] Therefore, it is conceivable to achieve matching between the patch antenna and the feed line by providing an external matching circuit when the length of the patch antenna in the resonance direction is made longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength. However, this would make the patch antenna more complicated, making its manufacture and design difficult.

[0007] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present disclosure aims to increase the gain of a patch antenna by increasing the aperture area without complicating the patch antenna, while facilitating its manufacture and design and achieving matching between the patch antenna and the feed line. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In the prior art, a stub for achieving matching between the patch and the feed line is inserted in parallel with the patch as viewed from the feed line. In order to solve the above problem, in the present disclosure, a stub for achieving matching between the patch and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch is formed on the same plane as the patch and is integrated with the patch.

[0009] Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a patch antenna comprising: a patch that is probe-fed by a feed line at a feed pin, and the length of one side in the resonance direction is longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength corresponding to the center frequency; and a stub that is formed on the same plane as the plane on which the patch is formed, is connected to one side perpendicular to the resonance direction of the patch, and achieves matching between the patch and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch.

[0010] With this configuration, even when the length of the patch antenna in the resonant direction is made longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength, matching between the patch antenna and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch can be achieved by arranging a stub integrated with the patch without arranging an external matching circuit.

[0011] The present disclosure also provides a patch antenna characterized in that the length of one side of the patch in the resonant direction is more than 0.5 times and less than 0.75 times the effective wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the patch.

[0012] According to this configuration, power can be concentrated in the main lobe without dispersing it in the grating lobe, and the patch antenna can have a high gain.

[0013] The present disclosure also provides a patch antenna characterized in that the stub is connected at the intersection between a straight line extending from the feed pin toward the resonant direction of the patch and one side of the patch perpendicular to the resonant direction.

[0014] According to this configuration, it is possible to design a stub that is formed on the same plane as the patch and integrated with the patch in the same way as a stub that is inserted in parallel with the patch when viewed from the feed line.

[0015] The present disclosure also provides a patch antenna, characterized in that the stub has one end connected to the patch and the other end opposite to the one end open.

[0016] With this configuration, by cutting the open end of the open stub little by little during the manufacturing stage, it is possible to fine-tune the matching between the patch antenna and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch.

[0017] The present disclosure also provides a patch antenna, characterized in that the patch is probe-fed by two of the feed lines at two of the feed pins with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and emits and / or receives radio waves having circular polarization, and the two stubs are bent in a direction parallel to each of the sides perpendicular to each of the resonance directions of the patch near one end connected to each of the sides perpendicular to each of the resonance directions of the patch.

[0018] According to this configuration, the two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna can be made small and have a high gain, and interference between the patch antenna and surrounding components can be reduced.

[0019] The present disclosure also provides a patch antenna characterized in that the two stubs have one end connected to the patch and the other end opposite the one end spaced apart.

[0020] According to this configuration, it is possible to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two stubs, and to improve the axial ratio characteristic (degree of distortion of circularly polarized waves) of the two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna.

[0021] The present disclosure also provides a patch antenna, characterized in that the patch is probe-fed by one of the feed lines at one of the feed pins, radiates and / or receives radio waves having linear polarization or circular polarization, and one of the stubs is bent in a direction parallel to one side of the patch that is perpendicular to the resonance direction near one end connected to one side of the patch that is perpendicular to the resonance direction.

[0022] According to this configuration, the linearly polarized / circularly polarized patch antenna with a single feed point can be made high-gain and small-sized, and interference between the patch antenna and surrounding components can be reduced. [Effects of the Invention]

[0023] In this way, the present disclosure makes it possible to increase the aperture area of a patch antenna to increase its gain, without complicating the patch antenna, while facilitating manufacturing and design, and achieving matching between the patch antenna and the feed line. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a first two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a second two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 3] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of a third two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a fourth two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating the directivity of a first two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a single-point feed linearly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a first single-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 10 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a second single-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025]

[0023] The following embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below are examples of implementation of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0026] (Two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure) The configuration of a first two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure is shown in Fig. 1. The patch antenna P shown in Fig. 1 comprises a patch 1 and stubs 2x and 2y. The origin of the x and y coordinates is located at the center of patch 1, and the axes of the x and y coordinates are located parallel to each side of patch 1.

[0027] Patch 1 is probe-fed at two feed pins 3x and 3y by two feed lines (not shown) with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and emits and / or receives circularly polarized radio waves. The coordinates of feed pin 3x are (b, 0), and the coordinates of feed pin 3y are (0, b).

[0028] Here, in order to increase the gain of the patch antenna P, it is possible to form an array, but it is also possible to widen the aperture area. And, in order to widen the aperture area of the patch antenna P, it is possible to make the length in the resonance direction longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength.

[0029] The length 2a of one side of patch 1 in the resonance direction parallel to the x axis is the effective wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency f in the polarization direction parallel to the x axis of patch 1. g (= wavelength in vacuum λ / √(effective dielectric constant ε r )) compared to 0.5λ g <2a≦0.75λ gThe length 2a of one side of patch 1 in the resonance direction parallel to the y axis is equal to the effective wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency f in the polarization direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1. g (= wavelength in vacuum λ / √(effective dielectric constant ε r )) compared to 0.5λ g <2a≦0.75λ g It meets the following criteria.

[0030] Here, the patch antenna P is equivalent to a parallel resonant circuit, and when the length in the resonant direction is made longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength, the inductance has inductive reactance. Therefore, when the length in the resonant direction of the patch antenna P is made longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength, simply adjusting the position of the feed pin does not allow matching between the patch antenna P and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch 1.

[0031] Stub 2x is formed on the same plane as the formation plane of patch 1 (in the xy coordinate system), and is connected at one side (x=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the x-axis of patch 1, thereby achieving matching between patch 1 and a feed line (not shown) at the center frequency of patch 1. Stub 2y is formed on the same plane as the formation plane of patch 1 (in the xy coordinate system), and is connected at one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y-axis of patch 1, thereby achieving matching between patch 1 and a feed line (not shown) at the center frequency of patch 1.

[0032] In the prior art, stubs for achieving matching between the patch and the feed line are inserted in parallel with the patch as viewed from the feed line, whereas in the present disclosure, stubs 2x and 2y for achieving matching between the patch 1 and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch 1 are formed on the same plane as the patch 1 and are integrated with the patch 1.

[0033] The length of the stub 2x is determined by the size 2a of the patch 1, the position (b, 0) of the feed pin 3x, and the effective dielectric constant ε rThe length of the stub 2y can be appropriately determined depending on the size 2a of the patch 1, the position (0, b) of the feed pin 3y, the effective dielectric constant ε, and the state of the end of the stub 2x (for example, open or short). r The design may be appropriately made depending on the state of the end of the stub 2y (for example, open or short, etc.).

[0034] Therefore, even when the resonant direction length of the patch antenna P is made longer than 0.5 times the effective wavelength, matching between the patch antenna P and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch 1 can be achieved by arranging stubs 2x and 2y integrated with the patch 1 without arranging an external matching circuit.

[0035] Furthermore, power can be concentrated in the main lobe without dispersing it in the grating lobes, and the patch antenna P can have a high gain.

[0036] To summarize, when increasing the aperture area to increase the gain of the patch antenna P, it is possible to achieve matching between the patch antenna P and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch 1 without complicating the patch antenna P, while facilitating manufacturing and design.

[0037] Stub 2x is connected at the intersection (a, 0) between a line (y=0, i.e., the x-axis) extending from feed pin 3x in the resonance direction parallel to the x-axis of patch 1 and a side (x=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the x-axis of patch 1. Stub 2y is connected at the intersection (0, a) between a line (x=0, i.e., the y-axis) extending from feed pin 3y in the resonance direction parallel to the y-axis of patch 1 and a side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y-axis of patch 1.

[0038] That is, stub 2x is formed on the same plane as patch 1, is integrated with patch 1, and shares the length region from (b, 0) to (a, 0) with patch 1. Stub 2y is formed on the same plane as patch 1, is integrated with patch 1, and shares the length region from (0, b) to (0, a) with patch 1.

[0039] Therefore, stubs 2x and 2y formed on the same plane as patch 1 and integrated with patch 1 can be designed in the same way as stubs inserted in parallel with the patch when viewed from the feed line.

[0040] The stub 2x has one end (a, 0) connected to the patch 1 and the other end opposite the patch 1 open rather than shorted. The stub 2y has one end (0, a) connected to the patch 1 and the other end opposite the patch 1 open rather than shorted.

[0041] Here, unless the positions of the shorted ends of the stubs 2x and 2y are precisely adjusted at the design stage, it is not possible to fine-tune the matching between the patch antenna P and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch 1.

[0042] On the other hand, by cutting off the open ends of the stubs 2x and 2y little by little during the manufacturing stage, it is possible to fine-tune the matching between the patch antenna P and the feed line at the center frequency of the patch 1.

[0043] Stub 2x is bent in a direction parallel to one side (x=a) of patch 1 that is perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the x-axis near one end (a, 0) connected to patch 1 at one side (x=a) that is perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the x-axis. Stub 2y is bent in a direction parallel to one side (y=a) of patch 1 that is perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y-axis near one end (0, a) connected to patch 1 at one side (y=a) that is perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y-axis.

[0044] For comparison with the configuration of the first two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure shown in FIG. 1, the configuration of the second two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure is shown in FIG.

[0045] 2 differs from FIG. 1 in that stub 2x extends in the x-axis direction by the same length as in FIG. 1 without being bent near one end (a, 0) connected to one side (x=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the x-axis of patch 1. Stub 2y extends in the y-axis direction by the same length as in FIG. 1 without being bent near one end (0, a) connected to one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y-axis of patch 1.

[0046] In FIG. 1, the two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna P can be made high gain and small in size, and interference between the patch antenna P and surrounding components can be reduced.

[0047] The stubs 2x and 2y are spaced apart from each other because their opposite ends (a, 0), (0, a) connected to the patch 1 are oriented in the negative x-axis and negative y-axis directions.

[0048] For comparison with the configuration of the first dual-feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure shown in FIG. 1, configurations of third and fourth dual-feed circularly polarized patch antennas of the present disclosure are shown in FIGS.

[0049] 3 differs from FIG. 1 in that the stubs 2x and 2y are arranged close to each other, with their ends opposite to the ends (a, 0), (0, a) connected to the patch 1 oriented in the positive direction of the x-axis and the positive direction of the y-axis. FIG. 4 differs from FIG. 1 in that the stubs 2x and 2y are arranged close to each other, with their ends opposite to the ends (a, 0), (0, a) connected to the patch 1 oriented in the negative direction of the x-axis and the positive direction of the y-axis.

[0050] In FIG. 1, the electromagnetic coupling between the two stubs 2x and 2y can be reduced, and the axial ratio characteristic (degree of distortion of circularly polarized waves) of the two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna P can be improved.

[0051] The directivity of the first two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure is shown in Figure 5. In the prior art two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna, the length of one side of the patch is 2a = 0.5λ. g In the first two-point feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure, the length of one side of patch 1 is 2a=0.6λ. g and stubs 2x and 2y are connected.

[0052] The first dual-feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure has a narrower beam width and therefore a higher gain than the dual-feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the prior art.

[0053] (Single-point feed linearly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure) The configuration of a single-point-feed linearly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure is shown in Fig. 6. The patch antenna P shown in Fig. 6 comprises a patch 1 and a stub 2y. The origin of the x and y coordinates is located at the center of the patch 1, and the axes of the x and y coordinates are located parallel to each side of the patch 1. The patch 1 is probe-fed by a single feed line (not shown) at a single feed pin 3y, and emits and / or receives linearly polarized radio waves. The coordinates of the feed pin 3y are (0, b).

[0054] The length 2a of one side of patch 1 in the resonance direction parallel to the y axis is the effective wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency f in the polarization direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1. g (= wavelength in vacuum λ / √(effective dielectric constant ε r )) compared to 0.5λ g <2a≦0.75λ g It meets the following criteria.

[0055] Stub 2y is formed on the same plane (in the xy coordinate system) as patch 1, and is connected to one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1, thereby achieving matching between patch 1 and a feed line (not shown) at the center frequency of patch 1. Stub 2y is connected at the intersection (0, a) of a line (x=0, i.e., the y axis) extending from feed pin 3y in the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1, and one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1.

[0056] The stub 2y has one end (0, a) connected to the patch 1 and the other end opposite the latter open rather than shorted. The stub 2y is bent in a direction parallel to the side (y=a) of the patch 1 that is perpendicular to the resonance direction that is parallel to the y axis, near the end (0, a) that is connected to the side (y=a) that is perpendicular to the resonance direction that is parallel to the y axis of the patch 1.

[0057] Therefore, the patch antenna P of linear polarization with single feed point can be made high gain and small in size, and interference between the patch antenna P and surrounding components can be reduced.

[0058] (Single-point-fed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure) The configuration of a first single-point-feed circularly polarized patch antenna according to the present disclosure is shown in Fig. 7. The patch antenna P shown in Fig. 7 includes a patch 1 and a stub 2y. The origin of the x and y coordinates is located at the center of the patch 1, and the axes of the x and y coordinates are located parallel to each side of the patch 1. The patch 1 is probe-fed by a single feed line (not shown) at a single feed pin 3y, and emits and / or receives circularly polarized radio waves. The coordinates of the feed pin 3y are (0, b).

[0059] The length 2a of one side of patch 1 in the resonance direction parallel to the x axis is the effective wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency f in the polarization direction parallel to the x axis of patch 1. g (= wavelength in vacuum λ / √(effective dielectric constant ε r )) compared to 0.5λ g <2a≦0.75λ gThe length 2a of one side of patch 1 in the resonance direction parallel to the y axis is equal to the effective wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency f in the polarization direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1. g (= wavelength in vacuum λ / √(effective dielectric constant ε r )) compared to 0.5λ g <2a≦0.75λ g The notches 4 are formed in the vicinity of (a, -a) and (-a, a) of the patch 1.

[0060] Stub 2y is formed on the same plane (in the xy coordinate system) as patch 1, and is connected to one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1, thereby achieving matching between patch 1 and a feed line (not shown) at the center frequency of patch 1. Stub 2y is connected at the intersection (0, a) of a line (x=0, i.e., the y axis) extending from feed pin 3y in the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1, and one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1.

[0061] The stub 2y has one end (0, a) connected to the patch 1 and the other end opposite the latter open rather than shorted. The stub 2y is bent in a direction parallel to the side (y=a) of the patch 1 that is perpendicular to the resonance direction that is parallel to the y axis, near the end (0, a) that is connected to the side (y=a) that is perpendicular to the resonance direction that is parallel to the y axis of the patch 1.

[0062] Therefore, the single-point-feed circularly polarized patch antenna P can be made high-gain and small-sized, and interference between the patch antenna P and surrounding components can be reduced.

[0063] The configuration of a second single-point-feed circularly polarized patch antenna of the present disclosure is shown in Fig. 8. The patch antenna P shown in Fig. 8 includes a patch 1 and a stub 2y. The origin of the x and y coordinates is located at the center of the patch 1, and each axis of the x and y coordinates is located parallel to each side of the patch 1. The patch 1 is probe-fed by a single feed line (not shown) at a single feed pin 3d, and emits and / or receives circularly polarized radio waves. The coordinates of the feed pin 3d are (b', b).

[0064] The length 2a' of one side of patch 1 in the resonance direction parallel to the x axis is the effective wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency f' in the polarization direction parallel to the x axis of patch 1. g '(= wavelength in vacuum λ' / √(effective dielectric constant ε r )) compared to 0.5λ g '<2a'≦0.75λ g The length 2a of one side of patch 1 in the resonance direction parallel to the y axis is the effective wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency f in the polarization direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1. g (= wavelength in vacuum λ / √(effective dielectric constant ε r )) compared to 0.5λ g <2a≦0.75λ g It meets the following criteria.

[0065] Stub 2y is formed on the same plane (in the xy coordinate system) as patch 1, and is connected to one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1, to achieve matching between patch 1 and a feed line (not shown) at the center frequency of patch 1. Stub 2y is connected at the intersection (b', a) of a line (x=b') extending from feed pin 3d in the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1 and one side (y=a) perpendicular to the resonance direction parallel to the y axis of patch 1.

[0066] The stub 2y has one end (b', a) connected to the patch 1 and the other end opposite the latter open rather than shorted. The stub 2y is bent in a direction parallel to the side (y=a) of the patch 1 that is perpendicular to the resonance direction that is parallel to the y axis, near the end (b', a) that is connected to the side (y=a) that is perpendicular to the resonance direction that is parallel to the y axis of the patch 1.

[0067] Therefore, the single-point-feed circularly polarized patch antenna P can be made high-gain and small-sized, and interference between the patch antenna P and surrounding components can be reduced. [Industrial Applicability]

[0068] The patch antenna of the present disclosure can achieve high gain in on-board ETC antennas that require miniaturization, satellite communication antennas that use circularly polarized waves, and the like. [Explanation of symbols]

[0069] P: Patch antenna 1: Patch 2x, 2y: stub 3x, 3y, 3d: power supply pins 4: Notch

Claims

1. a patch that is probe-fed by a feed line at a feed pin and has a length of one side in a resonance direction that is longer than 0.5 times the length of an effective wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of a desired frequency band; a stub formed on the same plane as the plane on which the patch is formed, connected to one side of the patch perpendicular to the resonance direction, and adapted to match between the patch and the feed line at the center frequency of the desired frequency band of the patch; A patch antenna comprising:

2. The length of one side of the patch in the resonance direction is longer than 0.5 times and shorter than 0.75 times the effective wavelength of the patch corresponding to the center frequency of the desired frequency band.

2. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein:

3. The stub is connected at the intersection between a line extending from the feed pin toward the resonance direction of the patch and one side of the patch perpendicular to the resonance direction.

3. The patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:

4. The stub has one end connected to the patch and the other end open.

4. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first and second electrodes are electrically connected to each other.

5. the patch is probe-fed by the two feed lines at the two feed pins with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and emits and / or receives circularly polarized radio waves; The two stubs are bent in a direction parallel to the sides perpendicular to the resonance directions of the patch near their respective ends connected to each other at the sides perpendicular to the resonance directions of the patch.

5. A patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the patch antenna is a conductor.

6. The two stubs have ends connected to the patch and opposite ends spaced apart.

6. The patch antenna according to claim 5, wherein:

7. the patch is probe-fed by one of the feed lines at one of the feed pins, and emits and / or receives radio waves having linear polarization or circular polarization; One of the stubs is bent in a direction parallel to one side perpendicular to the resonance direction of the patch near one end connected to the other side perpendicular to the resonance direction of the patch.

5. A patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the patch antenna is a conductor.

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