Vehicle window glass and vehicle window glass system

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the visibility of an image displayed on a display part in a vehicle window glass having the display part when the image is observed from the car interior side.　The vehicle window glass is provided with a glass member and a display part attached to the glass member, in which the visible light transmittance T [%] of the vehicle window glass in a part including the display part and the brightness L [cd / m2] of the display part satisfy the formula: T ≦ 0.1×L.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle glazing and a vehicle glazing system. [Background technology]

[0002] Laminated glass that has a transparent screen film or the like enclosed therein is sometimes used as window glass for vehicles. In a reflective transparent screen film, a light beam projected from a projection device is focused on the transparent screen film, and the image is displayed so as to be visible to an observer on the projection device side. Studies have been conducted to improve the visibility of images in such vehicle window glass that has a display unit such as a transparent screen film enclosed therein (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and further improvements are expected. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2019 / 022007 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has an object to improve the visibility of an image displayed on a display unit from inside the vehicle in a vehicle window glass having a display unit. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle window glass having a glass member and a display unit attached to the glass member, the vehicle window glass having a visible light transmittance T [%] of a portion including the display unit and a luminance L [cd / m 2 ] satisfies the formula T≦0.1×L. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to one aspect of the disclosure, in a vehicle window glass having a display unit, it is possible to improve the visibility of an image displayed on the display unit from inside the vehicle. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view illustrating a vehicle window glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. [Figure 3] 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the visible light transmittance of a portion including a display unit and the brightness of the display unit in the vehicle window glass according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a vehicle window glass according to a first modified example of the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a vehicle window glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a vehicle window glass according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram (part 1) for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram (part 2) for explaining the embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram (part 3) for explaining an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations of these same components may be omitted. In addition, in each drawing, the size and shape may be exaggerated to make the content of the embodiment of the present invention easier to understand.

[0009] The vehicle to which the present invention is applied is typically an automobile, but also refers to any moving body having a vehicle window glass, including trains, ships, aircraft, etc.

[0010] Furthermore, a planar view refers to a view of a specified area of ​​a vehicle window glass from the normal direction of the interior surface of the vehicle window glass, and a planar shape refers to the shape of a specified area of ​​a vehicle window glass viewed from the normal direction of the interior surface of the vehicle window glass.

[0011] First Embodiment Fig. 1 is a plan view illustrating a vehicle window glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and schematically illustrates a state in which the vehicle window glass is attached to a vehicle and the outside of the vehicle is viewed from inside the vehicle cabin. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 1.

[0012] 1 and 2, the vehicle window glass 1 has a glass member 10 and a display unit 20. The glass member 10 is a laminated glass having a glass plate 11, a glass plate 12, and an interlayer film 13. The glass plate 11 is arranged on a second side that faces the inside of the vehicle when the vehicle window glass 1 is installed in the vehicle, and the glass plate 12 is arranged on a first side that faces the outside of the vehicle when the vehicle window glass 1 is installed in the vehicle.

[0013] For ease of explanation, in Figures 1 and 2, the vehicle window glass 1 is shown in a planar shape despite its actual curved shape, and the outer shape is simplified and illustrated as a rectangle. However, the vehicle window glass 1 may have a compound curved shape, i.e., curved in both the longitudinal and lateral directions. Alternatively, the vehicle window glass 1 may have a single curved shape, i.e., curved only in the longitudinal direction, or curved only in the lateral direction. Of course, the vehicle window glass 1 may have an uncurred flat shape as shown in Figures 1 and 2. If the vehicle window glass 1 is curved, it is preferable that the vehicle window glass 1 be curved so as to be convex toward the exterior side of the vehicle (first side). Furthermore, although Figures 1 and 2 show the vehicle window glass 1 as being rectangular, the planar shape of the vehicle window glass 1 is not limited to a rectangular shape and may be any shape, including a trapezoidal shape.

[0014] The vehicle window glass 1 can be used, for example, as a window glass for an automobile. An automobile has window glass such as a windshield, front side glass, rear side glass, and rear glass provided in openings of the body. An automobile may also have window glass other than these, such as a roof glass, front bench glass, rear quarter glass, and extra window. An automobile can be realized in which the vehicle window glass 1 is installed in one or more of the window glasses exemplified here. Of course, the vehicle window glass 1 can be used as window glass for moving bodies other than automobile window glass, including trains, ships, and aircraft. In this case, a vehicle can be realized in which the vehicle window glass 1 is installed.

[0015] The glass plate 11 is an interior glass plate that faces the interior side (second side) of the vehicle when the vehicle window glass 1 is installed in the vehicle, and the glass plate 12 is an exterior glass plate that faces the exterior side (first side) of the vehicle when the vehicle window glass 1 is installed in the vehicle.

[0016] When the vehicle window glass 1 is curved, the minimum value of the radius of curvature is preferably 500 mm or more and 100,000 mm or less. The radii of curvature of the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 may be the same or different. When the radii of curvature of the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 are different, the radius of curvature of the glass plate 11 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the glass plate 12.

[0017] The glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 are a pair of glass plates facing each other, and the interlayer film 13 and the display unit 20 are located between the pair of glass plates. The glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 are fixed together with the interlayer film 13 and the display unit 20 sandwiched between them.

[0018] The interlayer film 13 is a film that bonds the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 together. The interlayer film 13 includes, for example, a first interlayer film 131 that bonds to the glass plate 11 and a second interlayer film 132 that bonds to the glass plate 12. In addition to the first interlayer film 131 and the second interlayer film 132, a frame-shaped interlayer film may be provided that is located between the first interlayer film 131 and the second interlayer film 132 and surrounds the outer periphery of the display unit 20. When there is no need to particularly distinguish between the first interlayer film 131 and the second interlayer film 132, they will be simply referred to as the interlayer film 13.

[0019] The outer periphery of the interlayer film 13 is preferably edge-treated. That is, the edges of the interlayer film 13 are preferably treated so that they do not protrude significantly beyond the edges of the glass sheets 11 and 12. If the edges of the interlayer film 13 protrude from the edges of the glass sheets 11 and 12 by 150 μm or less, this is preferable in that it does not impair the appearance. However, if the vehicle window glass 1 is a side glass, the lower edge is hidden by the door panel, so edge treatment of the lower edge of the interlayer film 13 is not essential. Details of the glass sheets 11, 12, and interlayer film 13 will be described later.

[0020] The shielding layer may be provided in a strip-like shape in the peripheral region of the vehicle window glass 1, for example. The shielding layer is an opaque layer and is provided in a strip-like shape, for example, along the peripheral portion of the vehicle window glass 1. The shielding layer is, for example, an opaque colored ceramic layer. The color may be any color, but dark colors such as black, brown, gray, and dark blue are preferred, and black is more preferred. The shielding layer may be a colored interlayer or colored film with light-blocking properties, a combination of a colored interlayer and a colored ceramic layer, or a layer with a dimming function. The colored film may be integrated with an infrared reflective film, etc.

[0021] The width of the shielding layer in plan view is, for example, about 10 mm to 200 mm. The presence of an opaque shielding layer on the vehicle window glass 1 can prevent ultraviolet light from deteriorating the adhesive made of a resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral edge of the vehicle window glass 1 to the vehicle body. Furthermore, if the display unit 20 has bus bars or electrodes, the bus bars or electrodes electrically connected to the display unit 20 can be concealed so that they are difficult to see from the outside and / or inside of the vehicle.

[0022] The shielding layer can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing a fusible glass frit containing a black pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like, followed by firing, but is not limited thereto. The shielding layer may also be formed, for example, by applying an organic ink containing a black or dark color pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like, followed by drying.

[0023] The display unit 20 is attached to the glass member 10. In this application, "attached to the glass member" includes at least the cases where the display unit is encapsulated in an interlayer film as shown in Figure 2, and the cases where the display unit is attached to a predetermined surface of the glass member as shown in Figures 4 to 6 described below. In this embodiment, the display unit 20 is encapsulated in the interlayer film 13 of the glass member 10.

[0024] The display unit 20 is a film-like member that displays information such as images and text. The information here is not particularly limited, but may include, for example, guidance about the scenery outside the vehicle, hazard notices, road traffic information, route guidance, advertising, and entertainment (for example, movies).

[0025] The type of display unit 20 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a liquid crystal display, an organic electro-luminescence (EL) display, an inorganic electro-luminescence (EL) display, or an LED (light-emitting diode) display. LED displays include displays equipped with small LEDs called mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs. The display unit 20 includes, for example, a glass or plastic substrate and a display element (such as a liquid crystal display element, an organic EL display element, an inorganic EL display element, or an LED element).

[0026] When the display unit 20 is a display having a display element, the display unit 20 may have components other than the substrate and the display element (such as a protective layer covering the display element) as necessary. Each component of the display unit 20 may be made of a transparent material to allow the outside of the vehicle to be visible. The display unit 20 may also be a reflective type. When the vehicle window glass 1 according to this embodiment is installed in a vehicle, the display unit 20 displays information such as images and characters facing the inside of the vehicle.

[0027] However, the display unit 20 is not limited to a display having the above-mentioned display element, and may be, for example, a transparent screen film that displays a light beam projected from a projection device as an image visible to an observer. A display having a transparent screen film may be a reflective type in which the projection device and the observer (e.g., a passenger in a vehicle) are located on the same side of the transparent screen film. The transparent screen film may also be a light-controlling film capable of controlling at least one of the visible light transmittance and haze. The light-controlling film has, for example, a haze of 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 80% or more when blocking light. The haze can be determined in accordance with ISO 14782:1999.

[0028] The display unit 20 may be arranged over almost the entire vehicle window glass 1, or over only a portion thereof, as required. When the vehicle window glass 1 is used as a windshield, the display unit 20 is arranged in a position that does not interfere with the driver's driving. The planar shape of the display unit 20 is, for example, a rectangle that is smaller than the planar shape of the vehicle window glass 1. The thickness of the display unit 20 is, for example, 0.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less.

[0029] Here, the glass plate 11, the glass plate 12, and the interlayer film 13 will be described in detail.

[0030] [Glass plate] The glass plates 11 and 12 may be inorganic glass or organic glass. Examples of inorganic glass that can be used include, without particular limitation, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass. The glass plate 12 located on the outer side of the vehicle window glass 1 is preferably inorganic glass from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, and soda-lime glass from the viewpoint of formability. When the glass plates 11 and 12 are soda-lime glass, clear glass, green glass containing a predetermined amount or more of iron, and UV-cut green glass are preferably used. Privacy glass, which will be described later, may also be used as the glass plates 11 and 12.

[0031] The inorganic glass may be either untempered glass or tempered glass. Untempered glass is produced by forming molten glass into a plate shape and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is produced by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass.

[0032] The tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass such as air-cooled tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. In the case of physically tempered glass, the glass surface can be tempered by generating a compressive stress layer on the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass by an operation other than gradual cooling, such as rapidly cooling a glass sheet uniformly heated during bending from a temperature near its softening point.

[0033] In the case of chemically strengthened glass, for example, after bending, the glass surface can be strengthened by generating compressive stress on the glass surface by an ion exchange method, etc. Glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared rays may also be used. Furthermore, transparent glass is preferable, but a glass plate that is colored to the extent that transparency is not impaired may also be used.

[0034] On the other hand, examples of materials for organic glass include transparent resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene.

[0035] The shape of the glass plates 11 and 12 is not particularly limited to a rectangular shape, and may be processed into various shapes and curvatures. Gravity forming, press forming, roller forming, etc. are used to bend the glass plates 11 and 12. The forming method of the glass plates 11 and 12 is also not particularly limited, but for example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by a float method or the like are preferred.

[0036] The thickness of the glass plate 12 at its thinnest portion is preferably 1.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less. A thickness of 1.1 mm or more provides sufficient strength for resistance to flying stones, while a thickness of 3 mm or less prevents the mass of the vehicle window glass 1 from becoming too large, which is preferable in terms of vehicle fuel efficiency. The thickness of the glass plate 12 at its thinnest portion is more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less, even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less, even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less.

[0037] The thickness of the glass plate 11 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. If the thickness of the glass plate 11 is 0.3 mm or more, it is easy to handle, and if it is 2.3 mm or less, the weight does not become too large.

[0038] Furthermore, the glass sheets 11 and 12 may be flat or curved. However, if the glass sheets 11 and 12 are curved and the thickness of the glass sheet 11 is not appropriate, forming two pieces of glass with particularly deep curves as the glass sheets 11 and 12 will result in a mismatch between the shapes of the two sheets, which will have a significant impact on the quality of the glass, such as residual stress after pressure bonding.

[0039] However, by setting the thickness of the glass plate 11 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less, glass quality such as residual stress can be maintained. Setting the thickness of the glass plate 11 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less is particularly effective in maintaining glass quality in glass with a deep curve. The thickness of the glass plate 11 is more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 2.1 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.7 mm or more and 1.9 mm or less. Within this range, the above-mentioned effects become even more pronounced.

[0040] When the vehicle window glass 1 is used in, for example, a head-up display, the glass sheets 11 and / or 12 may not have a constant thickness but may have a thickness that varies from location to location as necessary. For example, when the vehicle window glass 1 is a windshield, one or both of the glass sheets 11 and 12 may have a wedge-shaped cross section whose thickness increases from the bottom edge to the top edge of the windshield when the windshield is installed in the vehicle. In this case, as long as the film thickness of the interlayer film 13 is constant, the total wedge angle of the glass sheets 11 and 12 may vary, for example, within a range of more than 0 mrad to 1.0 mrad.

[0041] A coating having water-repellent properties and UV- and IR-blocking properties, or a coating having low reflectivity and low radiation properties may be provided on the outer surface of the glass plates 11 and / or 12. Furthermore, a coating having UV- and IR-blocking properties, low radiation properties, visible light absorption properties, coloring properties, etc. may be provided on the side of the glass plates 11 and / or 12 that contacts the interlayer film 13.

[0042] When the glass sheets 11 and 12 are curved inorganic glass, the glass sheets 11 and 12 are bent after being formed by the float process and before being bonded with the interlayer film 13. The bending is performed by heating the glass to soften it. The heating temperature of the glass during bending is preferably controlled within the range of approximately 550°C to 700°C.

[0043] [Interlayer] Thermoplastic resins are often used for the interlayer film 13, including thermoplastic resins that have traditionally been used for this type of application, such as plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, and ionomer resins. Resin compositions containing modified hydrogenated block copolymers, as described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221, can also be suitably used.

[0044] Among these, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins are preferably used because they have an excellent balance of properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The term "plasticized" in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that the resin has been plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.

[0045] However, when a specific object is encapsulated in the interlayer film 13, the object may be deteriorated by a specific plasticizer depending on the type of object to be encapsulated, and in such a case, it is preferable to use a resin that does not substantially contain that plasticizer. In other words, it may be preferable that the interlayer film 13 does not contain a plasticizer. Examples of resins that do not contain plasticizers include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins (hereinafter, also referred to as "EVA" as necessary).

[0046] Examples of the polyvinyl acetal resin include polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter, also referred to as "PVA" as necessary) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetal resin in the narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl butyral resin (hereinafter, also referred to as "PVB" as necessary) obtained by reacting PVA with n-butylaldehyde. PVB is particularly preferred because of its excellent balance of properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0047] However, the material forming the interlayer film 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resins. The interlayer film 13 may also contain functional particles such as infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, and luminescent agents. The interlayer film 13 may also have a colored portion called a shade band. The color pigment used to form the colored portion is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for plastics and provides a visible light transmittance of 40% or less for the colored portion. Examples of the color pigment include organic color pigments such as azo-based, phthalocyanine-based, quinacridone-based, perylene-based, perinone-based, dioxazine-based, anthraquinone-based, and isoindolino-based pigments, and inorganic color pigments such as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, chromates, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, arsenates, ferrocyanides, carbon, and metal powders. These color pigments may be used alone or in combination. The amount of the color pigment added may be determined arbitrarily depending on the desired color tone, as long as the visible light transmittance of the colored portion is 40% or less. It is not particularly limited.

[0048] The thickness of the interlayer film 13 at its thinnest portion is preferably 0.5 mm or more. When the interlayer film 13 is composed of a first interlayer film 131 and a second interlayer film 132, the thickness of the interlayer film 13 is the sum of the thickness of the first interlayer film 131 and the thickness of the second interlayer film 132. If the thickness of the interlayer film 13 at its thinnest portion is 0.5 mm or more, the impact resistance required for a vehicle window glass is sufficient. Furthermore, the thickness of the interlayer film 13 at its thickest portion is preferably 3 mm or less. If the maximum thickness of the interlayer film 13 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the vehicle window glass will not be too large. The maximum thickness of the interlayer film 13 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

[0049] When the vehicle window glass 1 is used in, for example, a head-up display, the interlayer film 13 does not have to have a constant thickness, and the thickness may vary from location to location as necessary. For example, when the vehicle window glass 1 is a windshield, the interlayer film 13 may have a wedge-shaped cross section whose thickness increases from the bottom edge to the top edge of the windshield when the windshield is installed in the vehicle. In this case, as long as the thicknesses of the glass sheets 11 and 12 are constant, the wedge angle of the interlayer film 13 may vary, for example, within a range of more than 0 mrad to 1.0 mrad.

[0050] The interlayer film 13 may have three or more layers. For example, if the interlayer film is formed of three or more layers and the shear modulus of any layer other than the two outermost layers is made smaller than the shear modulus of the two outermost layers by adjusting the plasticizer or the like, the sound insulation of the vehicle window glass 1 can be improved. In this case, the shear modulus of the two outermost layers may be the same or different.

[0051] Furthermore, it is desirable that the first interlayer film 131 and the second interlayer film 132 included in the interlayer film 13 are formed of the same material, but the first interlayer film 131 and the second interlayer film 132 may be formed of different materials. However, from the viewpoint of adhesion to the glass plates 11 and 12, or functional materials to be incorporated into the vehicle window glass 1, it is desirable that 50% or more of the film thickness of the interlayer film 13 be made of the above-mentioned materials.

[0052] To produce the interlayer film 13, for example, the above-mentioned resin material to be used for the interlayer film is appropriately selected and extruded in a heated, molten state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions, such as the extrusion speed of the extruder, are set to be uniform. The extruded resin film is then stretched as necessary to impart curvature to the upper and lower edges in accordance with the design of the vehicle window glass, thereby completing the interlayer film 13.

[0053] [Vehicle window glass] The total thickness of the vehicle window glass 1 is preferably 2.8 mm or more and 10 mm or less. If the total thickness of the vehicle window glass 1 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be ensured. Furthermore, if the total thickness of the vehicle window glass 1 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be obtained and haze can be reduced.

[0054] The plate misalignment between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 is preferably 1.5 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less, on at least one side of the vehicle window glass 1. Here, the plate misalignment between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 refers to the amount of misalignment between the end of the glass plate 11 and the end of the glass plate 12 in a plan view.

[0055] It is preferable that the misalignment between the glass plates 11 and 12 is 1.5 mm or less on at least one side of the vehicle window glass 1, since it does not impair the appearance. It is even more preferable that the misalignment between the glass plates 11 and 12 is 1.0 mm or less on at least one side of the vehicle window glass 1, since it does not impair the appearance.

[0056] To manufacture the vehicle window glass 1, a laminate is formed by sandwiching the first interlayer film 131, the display unit 20, and the second interlayer film 132 between the glass plates 11 and 12. Then, for example, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag, a rubber chamber, a resin bag, or the like, and bonded at a temperature controlled in the range of approximately 70°C to 110°C in a vacuum controlled at a gauge pressure in the range of -65 kPa to -100 kPa. The heating conditions, temperature conditions, and lamination method are selected as appropriate.

[0057] Furthermore, by carrying out a pressure bonding process in which heating and pressing are carried out under controlled conditions, for example, at a temperature of 100°C to 150°C and an absolute pressure of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa, a vehicle window glass 1 with even greater durability can be obtained. However, in some cases, this heating and pressing process may not be used in consideration of simplification of the process and the properties of the material to be sealed in the vehicle window glass 1.

[0058] That is, a method called "cold bending" may be used in which either or both of the glass plates 11 and 12 are joined in an elastically deformed state. Cold bending can be achieved by using a laminate consisting of the glass plate 11, the first interlayer film 131, the display unit 20, the second interlayer film 132, and the glass plate 12, which are fixed together by a temporary fastening means such as tape, and a conventionally known preliminary pressure-bonding device such as a nip roller, a rubber bag, or a rubber chamber, and an autoclave.

[0059] In addition to the interlayer film 13 and the display unit 20, films or devices having functions such as heating, infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, light control, touch panel, visible light reflection, scattering, decoration, and absorption may be provided between the glass plates 11 and 12, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. A light control film is a component including a light control element capable of adjusting visible light transmittance, etc. Examples of light control films include suspended particle devices (SPDs), polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films, guest-host liquid crystal (GHLC) films, electrochromic devices, photochromic devices, and thermochromic devices. The surface of the glass member 10 may also have a film having functions such as anti-fogging, water repellency, heat shielding, and low reflection. The exterior surface of the glass plate 11 or the interior surface of the glass plate 12 may also have a film having functions such as heat shielding and heat generation. These films, devices, and films are first or second components located on the exterior or interior side of the display unit 20. Even when the vehicle window glass 1 has these, it is preferable that it satisfies various parameters such as the visible light transmittance, visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance, visible light reflectance, visible light diffuse reflectance, etc., which will be described later. Note that when a light control film is included, it is sufficient that the numerical ranges are satisfied regardless of the specific light control state (applied voltage).

[0060] [Display visibility] Next, the visibility of the image displayed on the display unit 20 from inside the vehicle will be described.

[0061] FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the visible light transmittance T [%] of the portion of the vehicle window glass 1 that includes the display unit and the luminance L [cd / m 23 is a graph showing the relationship between T and L. In Fig. 3, (1) is the line where T = 0.1 × L, (2) is the line where T = 0.01 × L, and (3) is the line where T = 0.002 × L. The visible light transmittance T shown in Fig. 3 can be measured by a method in accordance with JIS R 3106:1998.

[0062] Furthermore, the luminance is the luminous flux [cd / m ] emitted from the surface of the display unit 20 per unit solid angle per unit area. 2 ] (see SAEJ1757-2). The luminance L of the display unit 20 is 0.1 cd / m 2 The following is the maximum brightness of the image (measured at wavelengths of 380 nm to 780 nm) that can be displayed on the display unit 20, measured in a dark room at a temperature of 20°C and humidity of 60%, in the direction normal to the glass plate 11 passing through the center of gravity of the display area of ​​the display unit 20, toward the inside of the vehicle, at a location 50 cm away from the center of gravity of the display area of ​​the display unit 20.

[0063] The relationship in Figure 3 was derived by the inventors through repeated experiments, and will be explained below.

[0064] In order to make the light flux from the display unit 20 visible as an image from inside the vehicle and to further improve visibility, it is preferable to increase the brightness of the image, decrease the brightness of the background, or do both. As a result of repeated experiments, the inventors found that in order to make the light flux from the display unit 20 visible as an image from inside the vehicle, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 and the brightness L of the display unit 20 needs to be in the range below line (1) in Figure 3.

[0065] That is, in order for the light flux from the display unit 20 to be visible as an image from inside the vehicle, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the vehicle window glass 1 in the portion including the display unit 20 and the luminance L of the display unit must satisfy T≦0.1×L. In this specification, visible light refers to light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0066] Furthermore, to further improve visibility, it is preferable that T≦0.01×L (the range below line (2) in FIG. 3), and more preferably that T≦0.002×L (the range below line (3) in FIG. 3). In particular, when T≦0.002×L is satisfied, it is effective not only in improving visibility but also in reducing light beams and by-images. Light beams are a phenomenon in which light from outside the vehicle is scattered when it passes through the vehicle window glass 1 and enters the vehicle interior, and are reduced as the visible light transmittance T becomes lower. Furthermore, by reflecting a light beam from the display unit 20 at the interface of the first component of the vehicle window glass 1 (such as the vehicle exterior surface), a by-image is viewed separately from the image, and is reduced as the visible light transmittance T becomes lower.

[0067] On the other hand, from the viewpoint of making it possible to see outside the vehicle, the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 of the vehicle window glass 1 is preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more, and even more preferably 1% or more. 2 ~30,000cd / m 2 It is preferable to control the brightness according to the brightness outside the vehicle. The brightness L is 100 cd / m 2 More than 200 cd / m is preferable. 2 More than 400 cd / m is more preferable. 2 More preferably, the luminance L is 100 cd / m or more. 2 If the brightness is 10,000 cd / m or more, visibility is excellent. 2 Less than 5,000 cd / m is preferable. 2 Less than 1,000 cd / m is preferable. 2 It is more preferable that the luminance L is 10,000 cd / m or less. 2 If the temperature is below this, localized heating is unlikely to occur, and the occurrence of perspective distortion and thermal cracking can be suppressed. In addition, when projecting onto a transparent screen, the projector does not generate too much heat.

[0068] In order to reduce the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit, it is possible to reduce the visible light transmittance of the glass plate 11, reduce the visible light transmittance of the glass plate 12, reduce the visible light transmittance of the first interlayer film 131, reduce the visible light transmittance of the second interlayer film 132, or combine two or more of these.

[0069] To reduce the visible light transmittance of the glass sheet 11 and / or the glass sheet 12, for example, the glass sheet 11 and / or the glass sheet 12 may be privacy glass. To reduce the visible light transmittance of the first interlayer film 131 and / or the second interlayer film 132, for example, the first interlayer film 131 and / or the second interlayer film 132 may be a colored interlayer film. Alternatively, the visible light transmittance can be reduced by increasing the thickness of the first interlayer film 131 and / or the second interlayer film 132 (by increasing the number of layers of the first interlayer film 131 and / or the second interlayer film 132) or by selecting the materials.

[0070] Among these, from the viewpoint of darkening external light and reducing background brightness, it is preferable to reduce the visible light transmittance of the first component (glass plate 12 and second interlayer film 132) located on the vehicle outer side of the display unit 20. Note that the "first component located on the vehicle outer side of the display unit 20" refers to an assembly of various components located on the vehicle outer side of the display unit 20, and is not limited to an assembly of multiple components located on the vehicle outer side, but also includes a single element located on the vehicle outer side. Specifically, the visible light transmittance of the assembly of components, for example, an assembly composed of the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132, is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 20% or less.

[0071] For example, if privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a clear interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be reduced to 50% or less. Alternatively, if clear glass or green glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be reduced to 30% or less. Alternatively, if privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be reduced to 20% or less. Alternatively, by arranging the display unit 20 in a position overlapping a shielding layer such as a colored ceramic layer, the visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be reduced to 50% or less.

[0072] On the other hand, from the viewpoint of maintaining the brightness of the display unit 20, it is preferable to increase the visible light transmittance of the second components (glass plate 11 and first interlayer film 131) located on the vehicle interior side of the display unit 20. Note that the "second components located on the vehicle interior side of the display unit 20" refers to an assembly of various components located on the vehicle interior side of the display unit 20, and is not limited to an assembly of composite elements in which multiple components are located on the vehicle interior side, but also includes a single element in which only one component is located on the vehicle interior side. Specifically, the visible light transmittance of the assembly of the second components, for example, the second components (assembly) made of the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131, is preferably 15% or more, and more preferably 40% or more.

[0073] For example, if clear glass or green glass is used as the glass plate 11 and a colored interlayer film is used as the first interlayer film 131, the visible light transmittance of the second component (assembly) of the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131 can be 15% or more. Furthermore, if privacy glass is used as the glass plate 11 and a clear interlayer film is used as the first interlayer film 131, the visible light transmittance of the second component (assembly) of the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131 can be 40% or more.

[0074] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of making the display unit 20 less noticeable from inside the vehicle when the display unit 20 is off, it is preferable to reduce the visible light transmittance of the second component (glass plate 11 and first interlayer film 131). The visible light transmittance of the second component (assembly of the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131) is preferably 90% or less, and more preferably 50% or less.

[0075] For example, if green glass is used as the glass plate 11 and a clear interlayer film is used as the first interlayer film 131, the visible light transmittance of the second component (assembly) of the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131 can be set to 90% or less. Furthermore, if privacy glass is used as the glass plate 11 and a clear interlayer film is used as the first interlayer film 131, the visible light transmittance of the second component (assembly) of the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131 can be set to 50% or less.

[0076] From the viewpoint of reducing background brightness while maintaining the brightness of the display unit 20, it is preferable that the visible light transmittance of the second component (glass plate 11 and first intermediate film 131) is greater than the visible light transmittance of the first component (glass plate 12 and second intermediate film 132).

[0077] Furthermore, while the vehicle is traveling, variations in background luminance occur as the external environment changes. However, the higher the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first constituent element (glass plate 12 and second interlayer film 132), the more the vehicle window glass 1 resembles frosted glass (due to a higher haze value), thereby reducing variations in background luminance that occur while traveling and improving visibility of the display unit 20. The visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance is the value obtained by dividing the visible light diffuse transmittance by the visible light transmittance (i.e., the ratio of the visible light diffuse transmittance to the visible light transmittance). The visible light diffuse transmittance is calculated using an integrating sphere to measure diffuse transmitted light, excluding transmission other than normal transmission, in the method for measuring spectral transmittance described in JIS R3106:1998, and is calculated using the same method as for visible light transmittance.

[0078] From the viewpoint of mitigating background brightness unevenness that occurs during driving, the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component (glass plate 12 and second interlayer film 132) is preferably 0.4% or more, more preferably 0.8% or more, even more preferably 1.0% or more, and particularly preferably 2.5% or more.

[0079] For example, when clear glass is used as the glass plate 12 and a PVB clear interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be 0.4% or more. When clear glass is used as the glass plate 12 and an EVA clear interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be 0.8% or more. When clear glass is used as the glass plate 12 and the thickness of the clear interlayer film that serves as the second interlayer film 132 is increased (for example, when the second interlayer film 132 is made of two EVA clear interlayer films), the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be 1.0% or more. Furthermore, EVA clear interlayers have a high crystalline content and are more diffusive than PVB clear interlayers, which gives them the advantage of being able to increase the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance ratio. Diffusivity in EVA can also be increased by decreasing the vinyl acetate content and increasing the crystalline content.

[0080] Furthermore, when privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be made 2.5% or more. Also, when clear glass or green glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be made 2.5% or more.

[0081] From the viewpoint of improving the visibility of the outside view, the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 4.5% or less, even more preferably 4% or less, and particularly preferably 3.5% or less.

[0082] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of suppressing uneven background brightness while ensuring visibility of the display unit 20, it is preferable that the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the second component (glass plate 11 and first intermediate film 131) is smaller than the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component (glass plate 12 and second intermediate film 132).

[0083] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the visibility of the image on the display unit 20 and the outside scenery by reducing the reflection of objects inside the vehicle, it is preferable to reduce the visible light reflectance of the first component (glass plate 12 and second interlayer film 132). Specifically, the visible light reflectance of the first component (assembly of the glass plate 12 and second interlayer film 132) is preferably 6% or less, and more preferably 5% or less. The visible light reflectance can be measured by a method in accordance with JIS R 3106:1998.

[0084] For example, if privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a clear interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light reflectance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be 6% or less. Alternatively, if clear glass or green glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light reflectance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be 5% or less. Also, if privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer film is used as the second interlayer film 132, the visible light reflectance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer film 132 can be 5% or less. With these configurations, light incident from the inside of the vehicle is absorbed by the first component, thereby reducing reflection on the main surface of the glass sheet 12 facing the outside of the vehicle and lowering the visible light reflectance.

[0085] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the visibility of the image on the display unit 20 and the outside scenery, it is preferable to reduce the visible light diffuse reflectance of the first component (the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132). Specifically, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the first component (the assembly of the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132) is preferably 6% or less, and more preferably 5% or less. The visible light diffuse reflectance of the first component (the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132) is determined by the same calculation method as for the visible light reflectance, using an integrating sphere to measure diffusely reflected light, including reflections other than specular reflection, in the method for measuring spectral reflectance described in JIS R3106:1998.

[0086] For example, when privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a clear interlayer is used as the second interlayer 132, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer 132 can be 6% or less. When clear glass or green glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer is used as the second interlayer 132, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer 132 can be 5% or less. When privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 12 and a colored interlayer is used as the second interlayer 132, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the first component (assembly) of the glass sheet 12 and the second interlayer 132 can also be 5% or less. With these configurations, light incident from the inside of the vehicle is absorbed by the first component, thereby reducing reflection on the main surface of the glass sheet 12 facing the outside of the vehicle and lowering the visible light diffuse reflectance.

[0087] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the visibility of the image on the display unit 20 by reducing the diffusion of light emitted from the display unit 20, it is preferable to reduce the visible light diffuse reflectance of the second component (the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131). Specifically, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the second component (the assembly of the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131) is preferably 6% or less, and more preferably 5% or less. The visible light diffuse reflectance of the second component (the glass plate 11 and the first interlayer film 131) is determined by the same calculation method as for the visible light reflectance, using an integrating sphere to measure diffuse reflected light, including reflections other than specular reflection, in the method for measuring spectral reflectance described in JIS R3106:1998.

[0088] For example, when privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 11 and a clear interlayer film is used as the first interlayer film 131, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the second component (assembly) of the glass sheet 11 and the first interlayer film 131 can be 6% or less. When clear glass or green glass is used as the glass sheet 11 and a colored interlayer film is used as the first interlayer film 131, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the second component (assembly) of the glass sheet 11 and the first interlayer film 131 can be 5% or less. When privacy glass is used as the glass sheet 11 and a colored interlayer film is used as the first interlayer film 131, the visible light diffuse reflectance of the second component (assembly) of the glass sheet 11 and the first interlayer film 131 can also be 5% or less.

[0089] Here, green glass is glass with high transparency. The visible light transmittance of green glass is, for example, about 83% to 88% when the plate thickness is 1.6 mm to 2.0 mm. Clear glass is glass with even higher transparency than green glass, and the visible light transmittance is, for example, about 88% to 92% when the plate thickness is 1.8 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0090] Clear interlayer films are highly transparent. For example, the visible light transmittance of clear interlayer films is approximately 90% to 95% when the film thickness is 0.76 mm. For example, products with a film thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 93.7% are commercially available from Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. and Eastman.

[0091] Privacy glass is glass with lower transparency than green glass and clear glass, and is also called dark gray glass. Privacy glass can be realized by adjusting the total iron content, converted to Fe2O3, in glass sheets 11 and / or 12. The visible light transmittance of privacy glass can be adjusted to approximately 40% to 50% when the sheet thickness is 1.8 mm, and to approximately 30% to 45% when the sheet thickness is 2.0 mm, for example.

[0092] One example of the composition of privacy glass is a glass matrix composition, expressed in mass % on an oxide basis, of 66% to 75% SiO2, 10% to 20% Na2O, 5% to 15% CaO, 0% to 6% MgO, 0% to 5% Al2O3, 0% to 5% KO, 0.13% to 0.9% FeO, 0.8% to less than 2.4% total iron expressed as Fe2O3, and more than 1% to 5% TiO2, with the glass matrix composition containing 100 ppm to 500 ppm by mass of CoO, 0 ppm to 70 ppm by mass of Se, and 0 ppm to 800 ppm by mass of Cr2O3, with the total amount of CoO, Se, and Cr2O3 being less than 0.1% by mass.

[0093] Privacy glass is described in detail in, for example, International Publication No. 2015 / 088026, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0094] A colored interlayer film is an interlayer film with lower transparency than a clear interlayer film. A colored interlayer film can be produced by coloring the materials exemplified in the explanation under the heading [Interlayer Film]. Specifically, a colored interlayer film can be obtained by adding a colorant to a composition containing mainly a thermoplastic resin. A colored interlayer film may also contain a plasticizer to adjust the glass transition temperature.

[0095] The colorant is not particularly limited as long as it reduces the visible light transmittance, and examples thereof include dyes, inorganic pigments, organic pigments, etc. Among these, inorganic pigments or organic pigments are preferred because they are less likely to fade over long-term use, and inorganic pigments are preferred because they have excellent light resistance.

[0096] Examples of organic pigments include black pigments such as aniline black and red pigments such as alizarin lake. Examples of inorganic pigments include carbon-based pigments and metal oxide pigments. Examples include black pigments such as carbon black, ivory black, mars black, peach black, lamp black, and magnetite triiron tetroxide; brown pigments such as umber, Burton umber, Yellow Walker, Van Dyke Brown, sienna, and Burton sienna; red pigments such as red iron oxide, molybdenum red, and cadmium red; orange pigments such as red chrome yellow and chrome vermilion; blue pigments such as ultramarine, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, and cerulean blue; green pigments such as chromium oxide, pyridian, emerald green, and cobalt green; yellow pigments such as chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, yellow iron oxide, and titanium yellow; and purple pigments such as manganese violet and mineral violet. These colorants may be used alone or in combination.

[0097] The colored interlayer film may further contain one or more of various additives such as an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet absorber, a fluorescent agent, an adhesion modifier, a coupling agent, a surfactant, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a light stabilizer, a dehydrating agent, an antifoaming agent, an antistatic agent, and a flame retardant.

[0098] The colored interlayer film may be produced by forming a dark-colored printed layer on the surface of the uncolored first interlayer film 131 and / or second interlayer film 132. The dark-colored printed layer can be formed by a typical printing method using a colored material on a resin substrate. Examples of the colored material include organic pigments and inorganic pigments similar to the colorants described above. In this case, the printed layer does not need to be durable at temperatures near the softening point of glass, as is the case with ceramic shielding layers, and therefore, for example, an organic pigment containing carbon black can be used. The thickness of the printed layer can be adjusted appropriately to a thickness that ensures the visible light transmittance of the first interlayer film 131 is equal to or less than the desired value.

[0099] The use of a colored interlayer film makes it possible to significantly reduce the visible light transmittance of the first interlayer film 131 and / or the second interlayer film 132. For example, the visible light transmittance of the first interlayer film 131 and / or the second interlayer film 132 can be set to 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less. For example, Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. and Eastman Co. have commercially available products with a film thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 1.33%, and products with a film thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 8.96%. Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. has also commercially available a product with a film thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 18.00%.

[0100] If the glass sheets 11 and 12 have different compositions, the bending conditions for the two sheets will also be different, and therefore, when the glass sheets 11 and 12 are curved, it will be difficult to bend the glass sheets 11 and 12 with a degree of shape precision that will allow easy production of the vehicle window glass 1. Therefore, in terms of production, it is preferable that the glass sheets 11 and 12 have the same composition. However, it is also possible to combine the glass sheets 11 and 12 with different compositions, such as using green glass or clear glass for the glass sheet 11 and privacy glass for the glass sheet 12.

[0101] Furthermore, in the vehicle window glass 1, in order to prevent the red color displayed by the display unit 20 from leaking outside the vehicle, the absorptance of the first constituent element (glass plate 12 and second interlayer film 132) at a wavelength of 700 nm is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and even more preferably 65% ​​or more. In this way, the glass plate 12 and the second interlayer film 132 absorb the red color caused by show-through of the display unit 20, thereby reducing the risk that the red color displayed by the display unit 20 will leak outside the vehicle and be mistaken for the red color of a brake lamp or the like.

[0102] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring the visibility of the display unit 20 while preventing the red color displayed by the display unit 20 from leaking outside the vehicle, it is preferable that the absorptance of the second component (glass plate 11 and first intermediate film 131) at a wavelength of 700 nm is smaller than the absorptance of the first component (glass plate 12 and second intermediate film 132) at a wavelength of 700 nm.

[0103] In addition, in the vehicle window glass 1, in order to suppress light bleeding around the display unit 20, the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of components (for example, a frame-shaped interlayer film, etc.) in an area within 20 mm of the periphery of the display unit 20 is preferably 2.5% or less. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the area within 20 mm of the periphery of the display unit 20 is shielded by a shielding layer.

[0104] <Modification 1 of the First Embodiment> In Modification 1 of the first embodiment, an example is shown in which the display unit 20 is attached to the surface of the glass member facing the interior of the vehicle. Note that in Modification 1 of the first embodiment, the description of the same components as those in the already described embodiments may be omitted.

[0105] Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a vehicle window glass 1A according to a first modified example of the first embodiment. Referring to Fig. 4, the vehicle window glass 1A has a glass member 10A, a display unit 20, and an adhesive layer 30. The glass member 10A is a laminated glass having a glass plate 11, a glass plate 12, and an interlayer film 13. The display unit 20 is attached via the adhesive layer 30 to the interior surface of the glass plate 11 constituting the glass member 10A.

[0106] Examples of materials for the adhesive layer 30 include acrylic, acrylate, urethane, urethane acrylate, epoxy, epoxy acrylate, polyolefin, modified olefin, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol, vinyl chloride, chloroprene rubber, cyanoacrylate, silicone, polyamide, polyimide, polystyrene, and polyvinyl butyral. The thickness of the adhesive layer 30 is, for example, 0.2 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

[0107] In the vehicle window glass 1A, as in the vehicle window glass 1, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 and the luminance L of the display unit 20 must be in the range below line (1) in Fig. 3. In other words, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 and the luminance L of the display unit must be T≦0.1×L. Furthermore, in order to further improve visibility, as in the vehicle window glass 1, T≦0.01×L (the range below line (2) in Fig. 3) is preferable, and T≦0.002×L (the range below line (3) in Fig. 3) is more preferable.

[0108] In order to reduce the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20, as in the case of the vehicle window glass 1, the visible light transmittance of the glass plate 11 may be reduced, or the visible light transmittance of the glass plate 12 may be reduced, or the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film 13 may be reduced, or two or more of these may be combined.

[0109] Second Embodiment In the second embodiment of the present invention, an example is shown in which the display unit 20 is attached to the interior surface of a single glass sheet, rather than to a laminated glass. Note that in the second embodiment, the description of the same components as those in the previously described embodiments may be omitted.

[0110] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a vehicle window glass 2 according to the second embodiment. Referring to FIG. 5, the vehicle window glass 2 has a glass member 40, a display unit 20, and an adhesive layer 30. The display unit 20 is attached to the interior surface of the glass member 40 via the adhesive layer 30. The glass member 40 is a single-pane glass. It is preferable to use the above-mentioned physically strengthened glass or chemically strengthened glass as the glass member 40. The thickness of the glass member 40 is, for example, 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less.

[0111] As with the vehicle window glass 1, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 and the luminance L of the display unit 20 in the vehicle window glass 2 must be in the range below line (1) in Fig. 3. In other words, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 and the luminance L of the display unit must be T≦0.1×L. Furthermore, in order to further improve visibility, as with the vehicle window glass 1, T≦0.01×L (the range below line (2) in Fig. 3) is preferable, and T≦0.002×L (the range below line (3) in Fig. 3) is more preferable.

[0112] In order to reduce the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20, it is necessary to reduce the visible light transmittance of the glass member 40. Specifically, privacy glass may be used as the glass member 40.

[0113] Third Embodiment In the third embodiment of the present invention, an example is shown in which the display unit 20 is attached to the inner surface of double glazing, not to laminated glass. Note that in the third embodiment, descriptions of components that are the same as those in the embodiments already described may be omitted.

[0114] Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a vehicle window glass 3 according to the third embodiment. Referring to Fig. 3, the vehicle window glass 3 has a glass member 50, a display unit 20, and an adhesive layer 30. The glass member 50 is a double-glazed glass having a glass plate 51, a glass plate 52, a spacer 53, and a hollow layer 54.

[0115] The glass plate 51 is an interior glass plate that faces the interior of the vehicle when the vehicle window glass 3 is installed in the vehicle. The glass plate 52 is an exterior glass plate that faces the exterior of the vehicle when the vehicle window glass 3 is installed in the vehicle. The glass plates 51 and 52 are arranged opposite each other with a predetermined distance between them separated by a spacer 53, and a hollow layer 54 is formed between the glass plates 51 and 52. An adhesive layer, for example, is formed between the spacer 53 and the glass plate 51, and between the spacer 53 and the glass plate 52. The display unit 20 is attached via the adhesive layer 30 to the surface of the glass plate 51 that constitutes the glass member 50, on the hollow layer 54 side.

[0116] As the glass plates 51 and 52, for example, those exemplified as the glass plates 11 and 12 in the first embodiment can be used. Furthermore, the vehicle window glass 3 is preferably window glass also known as safety glass, which is designed with consideration given to the protection of occupants and pedestrians. When the glass plates 51 and 52 are single plates, it is preferable that both the glass plates 51 and 52 are tempered glass. However, the glass plates 51 and / or 52 are not limited to single plates and may be laminated glass. When the glass plates 51 and / or 52 are laminated glass, the display unit 20 may be enclosed in the laminated glass. Furthermore, when only one of the glass plates 51 and 52 is laminated glass, it is preferable that the other glass plate is tempered glass.

[0117] The spacer 53 can be formed, for example, from a resin material containing a moisture absorbent. Examples of the resin material include a thermoplastic resin material containing butyl rubber. Examples of the moisture absorbent include zeolite and silica gel. The hollow layer 54 may be, for example, a vacuum, or may contain air or a rare gas such as argon. Furthermore, the hollow layer 54 may be provided with pillars that maintain the distance between the glass plates 51 and 52 in a portion that does not overlap with the display unit 20.

[0118] As with the vehicle window glass 1, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 and the luminance L of the display unit 20 in the vehicle window glass 3 must be in the range below line (1) in Fig. 3. In other words, the relationship between the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20 and the luminance L of the display unit must be T≦0.1×L. Furthermore, in order to further improve visibility, as with the vehicle window glass 1, T≦0.01×L (the range below line (2) in Fig. 3) is preferable, and T≦0.002×L (the range below line (3) in Fig. 3) is more preferable.

[0119] In order to reduce the visible light transmittance T of the portion including the display unit 20, it is sufficient to reduce the visible light transmittance of the glass plate 51 and / or the glass plate 52. Specifically, when the glass plate 51 and / or the glass plate 52 are single-pane glass, privacy glass may be used for one or both of them. When the glass plate 51 and / or the glass plate 52 are laminated glass, the same combination as the combination exemplified in the first embodiment may be used.

[0120] From the viewpoint of darkening external light and reducing background brightness, it is preferable to reduce the visible light transmittance of the first component (glass plate 52). Specifically, the visible light transmittance of the glass plate 52 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 20% or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of keeping the display unit 20 bright, in other words, not interfering with the transmission of light emitted from the display unit 20, it is preferable to increase the visible light transmittance of the second component (glass plate 51). Specifically, the visible light transmittance of the glass plate 51 is preferably 15% or more, and more preferably 40% or more.

[0121] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of making the display unit 20 less noticeable from inside the vehicle when the display unit 20 is turned off, it is preferable to reduce the visible light transmittance of the second component (glass plate 51). The visible light transmittance of the glass plate 51 is preferably 90% or less, and more preferably 50% or less.

[0122] Moreover, the preferred visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance are also the same as those in the case of the window glass 1 for a vehicle.

[0123] Example Examples will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples in any way.

[0124] [Example 1] In Example 1, a laminated glass for evaluation LG1 was produced with the same structure as the vehicle window glass 1. Specifically, first, a glass plate 11 that would become the inner plate (vehicle interior glass plate) when the laminated glass was made, a glass plate 12 that would become the outer plate (vehicle exterior glass plate), a first interlayer film 131, and a second interlayer film 132 were prepared according to the layer structure of Example 1 in Figure 7. The dimensions of the glass plates 11 and 12 were both 300 mm x 300 mm x 2 mm thick. The dimensions of the first interlayer film 131 and the second interlayer film 132 were both 300 mm x 300 mm x 0.76 mm thick. A transparent screen film (visible light transmittance 95%) was also prepared as the display unit 20.

[0125] In the columns for glass plates 11 and 12 in Fig. 7, Clear G indicates clear glass, Green G indicates green glass, and Privacy G indicates privacy glass. In the columns for first interlayer film 131 and second interlayer film 132 in Fig. 7, Clear PVB indicates a clear interlayer film made of PVB, and Colored PVB indicates a colored interlayer film made of PVB. The same applies to Figs. 8 and 9. In the columns for first interlayer film 131 and second interlayer film 132 in Fig. 9, Clear EVA indicates a clear interlayer film made of EVA.

[0126] Next, a laminate was prepared by sandwiching the first interlayer 131, the transparent screen film, and the second interlayer 132 between the glass plates 11 and 12, and the laminate was placed in a rubber bag and bonded at a temperature of approximately 70°C to 110°C in a vacuum of a gauge pressure of -65 kPa to -100 kPa. The laminate was then pressurized and heated under conditions of an absolute pressure of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa and a temperature of approximately 100°C to 150°C to prepare a laminated glass for evaluation LG1.

[0127] Next, the luminance of the transparent screen film was determined to be 800 cd / m depending on the second component (glass plate 11 and first interlayer film 131) located on the vehicle interior side of the evaluation laminated glass LG1. 2The projection device was adjusted so that the background luminance was 100 cd / m 2 , 1,000cd / m 2 and 5,000 cd / m 2 For each of the three cases, a Landolt ring with a predetermined gap was projected from a projection device onto the transparent screen film of the laminated glass LG1 for evaluation. The projection by the projection device was carried out from the glass plate 11 side of the laminated glass LG1 for evaluation. The luminance of the transparent screen film (800 cd / m 2 ) is a value measured for the entire vehicle window glass. The background luminance is a value measured when there is no vehicle window glass.

[0128] Next, to evaluate visibility, the background luminance was 100 cd / m 2 , 1,000cd / m 2 and 5,000 cd / m 2 For each of the three cases, it was judged whether or not the gaps in the Landolt rings were visible from 1 m away from the glass plate 11 side of the evaluation laminated glass LG1. The judgment was made by a tester with a visual acuity of 1.5 or higher. The judgment criteria were as follows:

[0129] If the Landolt ring (predetermined gap = 0.29 mm) corresponding to a visual acuity of 1.0 could not be seen, the test was deemed to have failed (poor). If the Landolt ring (predetermined gap = 0.29 mm) corresponding to a visual acuity of 1.0 could be seen but the Landolt ring (predetermined gap = 0.24 mm) corresponding to a visual acuity of 1.2 could not be seen, the test was deemed to have passed (fair level).

[0130] Furthermore, if a Landolt ring (predetermined gap = 0.24 mm) corresponding to a visual acuity of 1.2 was visible but a Landolt ring (predetermined gap = 0.19 mm) corresponding to a visual acuity of 1.5 was not visible, the test was deemed to have passed as good level. Furthermore, if a Landolt ring (predetermined gap = 0.19 mm) corresponding to a visual acuity of 1.5 was visible, the test was deemed to have passed as excellent level.

[0131] In addition, the overall judgment is based on a background luminance of 100 cd / m 2Above this, background luminance is 1,000 cd / m 2 Above this, background brightness is 5,000 cd / m 2 If it was above that, it was considered excellent.

[0132] Further, for the evaluation laminated glass LG1, the visible light transmittance T (%) of the entire evaluation laminated glass LG1 was measured according to a method in accordance with JIS R 3106:1998.

[0133] [Examples 2 to 4] Laminated glasses for evaluation LG2 to LG4 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the glass plates 11 and 12 and the first interlayer film 131 and second interlayer film 132 were prepared according to the layer structures of Examples 2 to 4 in Fig. 7. Then, for the laminated glasses for evaluation LG2 to LG4, the visible light transmittance T was measured and the visibility was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0134] [Evaluation results for Examples 1 to 4] FIG. 7 shows the layer structures of the glass plates 11 and 12 and the first and second interlayer films 131 and 132 for each evaluation laminated glass, as well as the evaluation results (ratings) of visible light transmittance T and visibility.

[0135] As shown in Figure 7, the visible light transmittance T of the laminated glass including the display unit in Example 1 was 90%. The luminance L of the display unit was 800 cd / m 2 Therefore, the visible light transmittance T of Example 1 was greater than 0.1 x 800 = 80, and the overall judgment in this case was poor. Meanwhile, the visible light transmittance T of Example 2 was 80%, which is equal to 0.1 x 800 = 80, and the overall judgment in this case was fair. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance T of Example 3 was 8.0%, which is equal to 0.01 x 800 = 8.0, and the overall judgment in this case was good. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance T of Example 4 was 1.6%, which is equal to 0.002 x 800 = 1.6, and the overall judgment in this case was excellent.

[0136] These results show that the background luminance is approximately the same as that of the evening (100 cd / m 2), it was found that the image on the display can be seen by satisfying T≦0.1L. 2 ), it was found that if T≦0.01L is satisfied, the image on the display can be seen. In addition, if T≦0.002L is satisfied, the background luminance (100 cd / m 2 ) and background brightness at the beginning of the evening (1,000 cd / m 2 ), as well as in the case of daytime background luminance (5000 cd / m 2 ) it was found that the image on the display can be seen even in this case.

[0137] [Examples 5 to 9] Glass plates 11 and 12, a first intermediate film 131, and a second intermediate film 132 were prepared according to the layer configurations of Examples 5 to 9 in FIG. 8. In addition, an organic EL display (visible light transmittance 43%) was used as the display unit instead of a transparent screen film. The background luminance was 100 cd / m 2 , 1,000cd / m 2 and 5,000 cd / m 2 For each of the three cases, Landolt rings with a predetermined gap were displayed on an organic EL display.

[0138] Except for the above points, evaluation laminated glasses LG5 to LG9 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, for the evaluation laminated glasses LG5 to LG9, the visible light transmittance T was measured and the visibility was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. In the visibility evaluation, the luminance measured for the entire vehicle window glass was 400 cd / m 2 The OLED display was adjusted to achieve this.

[0139] [Evaluation Results of Examples 5 to 9] FIG. 8 shows the layer structures of the glass plates 11 and 12 and the first and second interlayer films 131 and 132 for each evaluation laminated glass, as well as the evaluation results (ratings) of visible light transmittance T and visibility.

[0140] As shown in Figure 8, the visible light transmittance T of the laminated glass including the display unit in Example 5 was 45%. The luminance L of the display unit was 400 cd / m 2 Therefore, the visible light transmittance T of Example 5 was greater than 0.1 x 400 = 40, resulting in a failing overall rating. Meanwhile, the visible light transmittance T of Example 6 was 40%, which equaled 0.1 x 400 = 40, resulting in a passing overall rating. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance T of Example 7 was 4.0%, which equaled 0.01 x 400 = 4.0, resulting in a good overall rating. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance T of Example 8 was 0.8%, which equaled 0.002 x 400 = 0.8, resulting in an excellent overall rating. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance T of Example 9 was 0.05%, which was less than 0.002 x 400 = 0.8, resulting in an excellent overall rating. However, in Example 9, although the visibility of the image displayed on the display unit from inside the vehicle was excellent, the visible light transmittance T was low at less than 0.1%, and the scenery outside the vehicle could not be seen from inside the vehicle.

[0141] These results show that the background luminance is approximately the same as that of the evening (100 cd / m 2 ), it was found that the image on the display can be seen by satisfying T≦0.1L. 2 ), it was found that if T≦0.01L is satisfied, the image on the display can be seen. In addition, if T≦0.002L is satisfied, the background luminance (100 cd / m 2 ) and background brightness at the beginning of the evening (1,000 cd / m 2 ), as well as in the case of daytime background luminance (5,000 cd / m 2 ) it was found that the image on the display can be seen even in this case.

[0142] Thus, when the display unit was an organic EL display, the same results as when using a transparent screen film were obtained. In other words, these results are independent of the type of display unit.

[0143] [Examples 10 to 15] Glass plates 11 and 12, a first intermediate film 131, and a second intermediate film 132 were prepared according to the layer configurations of Examples 10 to 15 in FIG. 9. In addition, an organic EL display (visible light transmittance 43%) was used as the display unit instead of a transparent screen film. The background luminance was 100 cd / m 2 , 1,000cd / m 2 and 5,000 cd / m 2 For each of the three cases, Landolt rings with a predetermined gap were displayed on an organic EL display.

[0144] Except for the above points, evaluation laminated glasses LG10 to LG15 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, for the evaluation laminated glasses LG10 to LG15, the visible light transmittance T and the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of the first component located on the vehicle exterior side were measured. In addition, to evaluate visibility, the visibility when unevenness was caused in the background luminance was evaluated using the same criteria as in Example 1. Note that when evaluating visibility, the luminance measured for the entire vehicle window glass was 500 cd / m 2 The OLED display was adjusted to achieve this.

[0145] [Evaluation Results of Examples 10 to 15] Figure 9 summarizes the evaluation results (judgments) of the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance and visibility for each evaluation laminated glass, along with the layer structures of the glass plates 11 and 12 and the first interlayer film 131 and second interlayer film 132.

[0146] As shown in Figure 9, the higher the visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance, the better the visibility was obtained even when the background luminance unevenness was large. The background luminance unevenness in Figure 9 is assumed to occur when driving. Therefore, it can be said that a high visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance can mitigate the background luminance unevenness that occurs when driving. Specifically, a visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of 0.45% or more is preferable, and a visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of 0.81% or more sufficiently mitigated the background luminance unevenness, resulting in particularly good visibility.

[0147] Although the preferred embodiments have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and substitutions can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0148] For example, the visible light transmittance of a vehicle window glass may be controlled by a light control element. In this case, for example, a light quantity sensor that acquires background brightness may be provided, and the visible light transmittance of the light control element may be changed based on the detection result of the light quantity sensor, thereby controlling the visible light transmittance of the vehicle window glass. The light quantity sensor may be installed either inside or outside the vehicle. The ratio of the visible light transmittance in the highest state to the visible light transmittance in the lowest state is preferably two or more. Alternatively, the vehicle window glass may be divided into multiple regions in a plan view, and the transmittance of the light control element may be changed for each region to control the visible light transmittance of the vehicle window glass.

[0149] Furthermore, a vehicle window glass system may be formed by providing a projection device on the second side of the vehicle window glass described in the first to third embodiments. The projection device projects light onto the display unit 20 to display an image visible to an observer, and is, for example, a projector. The projection device may be located on the vehicle interior side of the vehicle window glass, but is not included in the "second component located on the vehicle interior side of the display unit 20." The entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-141676, filed on August 25, 2020, are hereby incorporated by reference as part of the disclosure of the specification of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0150] 1, 1A, 2, 3 Vehicle window glass 10, 10A, 40, 50 Glass components 11, 12, 51, 52 Glass plates 13 Interlayer 20 Display section 30 Adhesive layer 53 Spacer 54 Hollow layer 131 First interlayer 132 Second interlayer

Claims

1. A vehicle window glass having a glass member and a display unit attached to the glass member, the display unit is a display having a display element, The visible light transmittance T [%] of the vehicle window glass in the portion including the display unit and the luminance L [cd / m ２ ] satisfies the formula T≦0.1×L.

2. 2. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the formula T≦0.01×L is satisfied.

3. 3. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the formula T≦0.002×L is satisfied.

4. 4. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein the visible light transmittance T is 0.1% or more.

5. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein a visible light transmittance of a component located on the first side of the display portion is 50% or less.

6. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein a visible light transmittance of a component located on the second side of the display portion is 15% or more.

7. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein a visible light transmittance of a component located on the second side of the display portion is 90% or less.

8. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein a visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of a component located on the first side of the display portion is 0.4% or more.

9. 9. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein a visible light transmittance of a component located on a second side of the display unit is greater than a visible light transmittance of a component located on a first side of the display unit.

10. 10. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1, wherein a visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of a component located on a second side of the display unit is smaller than a visible light diffuse transmittance / visible light transmittance of a component located on a first side of the display unit.

11. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein a visible light reflectance of a component located on the first side of the display portion is 6% or less.

12. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein a visible light diffuse reflectance of a component located on the first side of the display portion is 6% or less.

13. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein a visible light diffuse reflectance of a component located on the second side of the display portion is 6% or less.

14. The glass member includes a glass plate located on the second side and a glass plate located on the first side. a laminated glass including an interlayer film bonding the glass plate located on the second side and the glass plate located on the first side, The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the display portion is enclosed in the interlayer film.

15. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , wherein the display unit is attached to a predetermined surface of the glass member via an adhesive layer.

16. 16. A vehicle glazing according to claim 15, wherein the glass member is a single pane of glass, a laminated glass, or a double glazing.

17. The vehicle window glass according to claim 1 , further comprising a light control film on the first side or the second side of the display portion.

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