Glass plate structure, diaphragm and opening material

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a glass plate structure that comprises two or more plates and an intermediate layer satisfying all of the following properties (1) to (3), said intermediate layer being disposed between at least a pair of plates among the aforesaid plates, wherein: at least one of the pair of plates is a glass plate; the loss coefficient at the temperature of 25°C is 0.01 or more; and the longitudinal wave sound velocity in the plate thickness direction is 4.0×103m / s or more. (1) The thickness is 20 μm or less. (2) The compression storage modulus at the temperature of 25°C is 1.0×104 Pa or less. (3) At the temperature of 25°C and at 1 Hz, the compression storage modulus is higher than the compression loss modulus.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a glass plate structure having good acoustic performance, and also to a diaphragm and an opening member using the glass plate structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Generally, cone paper or resin is used as the diaphragm for speakers or microphones. These materials have a large loss factor and are less likely to cause resonant vibrations, so they are said to have good sound reproduction performance in the audible range. However, because the sound velocity in these materials is low, it is difficult for the material to follow the vibrations when excited at high frequencies, and split vibrations tend to occur. As a result, it is difficult to generate the desired sound pressure, especially in the high-frequency range. For these reasons, they are not suitable for use as diaphragms with large areas.

[0003] In recent years, the frequency range that is required for reproduction, particularly for high-resolution audio sources, is the high-frequency range above 20 kHz. Although this range is difficult for the human ear to hear, it is said to have a stronger sense of realism and be more emotionally appealing. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to faithfully reproduce the sound wave vibrations in this range.

[0004] Therefore, instead of using cone paper or resin, it is possible to use materials such as metal, ceramics, and glass, which have a high sound propagation speed. However, these materials generally have a loss factor that is approximately 1 / 10 to 1 / 100 that of paper, which makes them prone to leaving unintended reverberation. Furthermore, when the material is excited at its natural frequency, resonance modes can occur, causing significant deterioration in tone quality.

[0005] Here, laminated glass having a polyvinyl butyral polymer between two glass plates is known as a diaphragm for a speaker (Non-Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] Olivier Mal et.al., “A Novel Glass Laminated Structure for Flat Panel Loudspeakers”AES Convention 124,7343 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The diaphragm described in Non-Patent Document 1 aims to reproduce smooth sound by damping vibrations of the glass, particularly resonant vibrations, using the damping characteristics of a layer (intermediate layer) between two glass plates. However, while the attenuation characteristics of an interlayer typically have a single peak at which they are maximized, glass has multiple resonance points, so it is not possible to attenuate all resonant vibrations, or frequencies other than the resonance frequency may also be attenuated. Furthermore, in the case of laminated glass using a polyvinyl butyral polymer, as described in Non-Patent Document 1, the loss factor of the polyvinyl butyral polymer varies with frequency, resulting in regions of high and low attenuation within the audible frequency range. For these reasons, achieving smooth sound reproduction over a wide frequency range has been a challenge. Furthermore, as the glass plate becomes thicker and its mass increases, the required vibration damping force increases, so it is necessary to improve the vibration damping capacity by either improving the vibration damping capacity of the intermediate layer material or by increasing the film thickness. However, there is a limit to how much vibration damping capacity can be improved while maintaining a solid state, and increasing the film thickness also results in a decrease in the longitudinal wave sound velocity.

[0008] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a glass plate structure having good acoustic performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] As a result of diligent study, the present inventors have found that smooth frequency response characteristics can be obtained by providing a predetermined intermediate layer between a predetermined pair of plates in a glass plate structure, and have thus completed the present invention.

[0010] [1] A glass plate structure including two or more plates and including an intermediate layer between at least a pair of the plates, At least one of the pair of plates is a glass plate, The intermediate layer satisfies all of the following properties (1) to (3), The glass plate structure has a loss coefficient of 0.01 or more at 25°C and a longitudinal wave velocity in the plate thickness direction of 4.0 × 10 3 A glass plate structure having a strength of at least m / s. (1) The thickness of the intermediate layer is 20 μm or less; (2) Compression storage modulus at 25°C is 1.0 x 10 4 Below Pa, (3) At 25°C and 1 Hz, the compression storage modulus is higher than the compression loss modulus. [2] All of the plates in the pair are glass plates, The glass plate structure has a loss coefficient of 0.01 or more at 25°C and a longitudinal wave velocity in the plate thickness direction of 5.0 × 10 3 The glass plate structure according to [1], wherein the glass plate structure has a viscosity of 1000 psi or more. [3] The total thickness of the pair of plates is 1.0 mm or more, The glass plate structure according to [1] or [2], wherein the intermediate layer and the plate satisfy the following formula A:

[0011]

number

[0012] [4] The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates at 25° C. is 20 GPa or more. [5] The product of the total thickness of the pair of plates and the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates is 2.0 × 10 7The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to [4], having a viscosity of 100 Pa·m or more. [6] The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein a value obtained by dividing the thickness of the intermediate layer by the total thickness of the pair of plates is 0.02 or less. [7] The value obtained by dividing the compressive storage modulus of the intermediate layer material by the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates is 1 × 10 4 The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to [6], which is: [8] The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein a value obtained by dividing the mass of one plate A of the pair of plates by the mass of the other plate B of the pair of plates is 0.8 to 1.25. [9] At least one of the pair of plates has a loss coefficient of 1 × 10 at 25 ° C. -4 The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to [8] above.

[10] At least one of the pair of plates has a longitudinal wave velocity in the plate thickness direction of 4.0 × 10 3 The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the glass plate structure has a viscosity of 100 MPa or more.

[11] The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to

[10] , wherein the pair of plates has a sliding layer on the surface in contact with the intermediate layer.

[12] The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to

[11] , wherein the glass plate has a specific gravity of 2.8 or less.

[13] The specific elastic modulus of the glass plate is 2.5 × 10 7 m 2 / s 2 The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to

[12] above.

[14] The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to

[13] , wherein the difference between the refractive index of the intermediate layer and the refractive index of the pair of plates in contact with the intermediate layer is 0.3 or less.

[15] The glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to

[14] , wherein the glass plate structure has a curved surface.

[16] A diaphragm comprising the glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to

[15] and at least one vibrator installed on one or both surfaces of the glass plate structure.

[17] An aperture member using the glass plate structure according to any one of [1] to

[15] or the diaphragm according to

[16] . [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] According to the present invention, a glass plate structure including a predetermined intermediate layer between a predetermined pair of plates can more effectively suppress peaks and dips due to resonant vibration, and can obtain smooth frequency response characteristics as a glass plate structure. Therefore, according to the present invention, when a vibrator is attached to the diaphragm of a speaker or when used for active noise control or echo reduction, the structure suppresses resonant vibration of the components, thereby achieving smooth sound reproduction and sound control. Furthermore, due to its high vibration damping capacity, it is possible to suppress the generation of abnormal sounds caused by resonant vibration and also suppress transmitted sounds from noise sources. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a glass plate structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a glass plate structure according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a glass plate structure according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a glass plate structure of the present invention, where (a) of FIG. 4 is a plan view of the glass plate structure, and (b) of FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in (a) of FIG. 4. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a glass plate structure of the present invention, where (a) of FIG. 5 is a plan view of the glass plate structure, and (b) of FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in (a) of FIG. 5. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a glass plate structure of the present invention, in which (a) of FIG. 6 is a plan view of the glass plate structure, (b) of FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in (a) of FIG. 6, and (c) of FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of part C in (b) of FIG. 6. [Figure 7]FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a glass plate structure of the present invention, where (a) of FIG. 7 is a plan view of the glass plate structure, and (b) of FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in (a) of FIG. 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, details and other features of the present invention will be described based on the detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the following drawings, identical or corresponding members or components are designated by identical or corresponding reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the drawings are not intended to show the relative proportions between members or components. Therefore, specific dimensions can be appropriately selected in light of the following non-limiting embodiments.

[0016] In addition, in this specification, the use of "to" to indicate a range of values ​​means that the values ​​before and after it are included as the lower limit and upper limit.

[0017] <Glass plate structure> The glass plate structure of the present invention comprises at least two plates and an intermediate layer disposed between the two plates, at least one of which is a glass plate, and the intermediate layer contains a substance that satisfies specific properties. In the glass plate structure according to the present invention, when one plate resonates, the presence of the intermediate layer prevents the other plate from resonating or attenuates the resonant vibration of the other plate, thereby achieving smoother frequency response characteristics than when the glass plate is used alone.

[0018] When the glass plate structure of the present invention is used as a glass diaphragm, the higher the sound velocity, the better the reproducibility of high-frequency sounds, and therefore the glass plate structure is preferable for diaphragm applications. Specifically, the longitudinal wave sound velocity in the plate thickness direction at 25°C is 4.0 × 10 3 m / s or more, and 4.5 × 10 3 m / s or more is preferable, 5.0 × 10 3 m / s or more is more preferable, and 5.5 × 103 m / s or more is particularly preferred, and there is no particular upper limit. The longitudinal wave velocity refers to the speed at which longitudinal waves propagate through the diaphragm. The longitudinal wave velocity and Young's modulus can be measured by the ultrasonic pulse method described in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS-R1602-1995).

[0019] When the glass plate structure of the present invention is used as a glass diaphragm, a larger loss factor results in greater vibration damping as a plate structure, which is preferable for use as a diaphragm. Specifically, the loss factor at 25°C is 0.01 or more, preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, even more preferably 0.2 or more, particularly preferably 0.3 or more, and most preferably 0.4 or more, with no particular upper limit. The loss factor is calculated using the half-width method. When the frequency width at the point -3 dB below the peak value (i.e., the point at maximum amplitude -3 dB) where the resonant frequency f and amplitude h of the material is W, the loss factor is defined as the value expressed as {W / f}. To suppress resonance, the loss factor should be increased, which means that the frequency width W becomes larger relative to the amplitude h, and the peak becomes broader.

[0020] (middle class) Of the materials constituting the intermediate layer, a preferable material is one that satisfies all of the following properties (1) to (3). (1) The thickness of the intermediate layer is 20 μm or less; (2) Compression storage modulus at 25°C is 1.0 x 10 4 Below Pa, (3) At 25°C and 1 Hz, the compression storage modulus is higher than the compression loss modulus.

[0021] In the case of laminated glass that uses the dynamic viscoelasticity mechanism of conventional interlayer materials, the loss factor of the glass sheet structure is improved by the contribution of the dynamic viscoelasticity of the interlayer material, so as the sheet thickness increases, the interlayer also needs to be made thicker to obtain a high loss factor. In the present invention, it has been discovered that satisfying properties (1), (2), and (3) suppresses the fluidity of the intermediate layer while improving the loss factor. Generally, when the loss factor of a glass plate structure is improved by increasing the thickness of the intermediate layer, there is a trade-off relationship in which the sound velocity value of the glass plate structure decreases as the intermediate layer becomes thicker. In contrast, in the present configuration, by using a material for the intermediate layer that satisfies property (2), when the intermediate layer is thin, not only can the loss factor of the glass plate structure be increased, but also a high sound velocity value can be ensured.

[0022] Regarding the characteristic (1), the thickness of the intermediate layer is 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, particularly preferably 5 μm or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high loss factor of the glass plate structure, and is preferably 0.1 μm or more from the viewpoint of the surface roughness of the plate. In addition, the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably equal to or greater than the surface roughness of unpolished plates to prevent the plates from coming into contact with each other. If the surface roughness of the two plates is different, the thickness is preferably equal to or greater than the surface roughness of the rougher plate. Furthermore, since the surface roughness of a polished plate is very small, the thickness of the intermediate layer should be at least equal to or greater than the surface roughness of the polished plate.

[0023] Regarding property (2), the material of the intermediate layer has a compressive storage modulus of 1.0 × 10 at a temperature of 25 °C. 4 Pa or less, preferably 7.0 x 10 3 Pa or less, preferably 5.0×10 3 If the material satisfies the characteristic (2), the thinner the film thickness of the intermediate layer, the higher the loss factor of the glass plate structure. 2 Pa or more.

[0024] The characteristic (3) means that the fluidity of the intermediate layer material is low, i.e., the intermediate layer material is not a liquid. By satisfying the characteristic (3), the fluidity of the intermediate layer is suppressed, which makes it easy to cut the glass plate structure as desired. The intermediate layer material is preferably a gel-like material.

[0025] Furthermore, it is preferable that the intermediate layer and the plate satisfy the following formula A.

[0026]

number

[0027] The right side of equation A is 1.0 x 10 -10 is less than or equal to 7.5 x 10 -11 Less than 5.0 x 10 is preferable. -11 Less than 1.0 x 10 is more preferable. -12 Even more preferable is 5.0 x 10 -13 The following are particularly preferred:

[0028] Formula A means that the thickness and modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) of the intermediate layer and the plate satisfy a specific relationship. In formula A, it is preferable that both "intermediate layer thickness / total thickness of a pair of plates" and "compressive storage modulus of intermediate layer material / average Young's modulus of two plates" are small. Regarding the thickness of the intermediate layer and the total thickness of the pair of plates, when the glass plate structure of the present invention is used as an opening material for a window or the like, a thinner intermediate layer is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the loss factor of the glass plate structure, and a thicker plate is preferable from the viewpoint of safety. As shown in the above characteristic (1), a thinner intermediate layer is preferable. Specifically, the total thickness of the pair of plates is preferably 1.0 mm or more, more preferably more than 1.0 mm.

[0029] Regarding the compression storage modulus of the intermediate layer material and the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates, in terms of applicability to components requiring a large area such as opening members, it is preferable that the Young's modulus of the plates is high in addition to the plate thickness, as this reduces deflection. Here, the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates at 25° C. is preferably at least 20 GPa or more, more preferably 60 GPa or more, and even more preferably 70 GPa or more. Furthermore, it is necessary that the thickness of the pair of plates and the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates are both within the preferred ranges, and it is preferable that the "total thickness of the pair of plates x average Young's modulus of the pair of plates" is large. Specifically, it is 2.0 x 10 7 Pa·m or more is preferable, 6.0×10 7 Pa·m or more is preferable, and 1.0×10 8 Even more preferable is Pa·m or more. In addition, as shown in characteristic (2), the compressive storage modulus of the intermediate layer material is 1.0 × 10 4 Since the Young's modulus of the glass plate structure is less than 0.02 Pa, a thick intermediate layer is undesirable because it significantly reduces the Young's modulus of the glass plate structure. On the other hand, if the thickness of the intermediate layer is sufficiently thin relative to the total thickness of the pair of plates, the influence of the intermediate layer material on the Young's modulus of the glass plate structure is reduced, which is preferable. Specifically, the "thickness of the intermediate layer / total thickness of the pair of plates" is preferably 0.02 or less, more preferably 0.01 or less, and even more preferably 0.005 or less.

[0030] Furthermore, if the elastic component of the intermediate layer becomes larger, i.e., if the compression storage modulus becomes larger, the elasticity of the intermediate layer material against the vibration of the glass becomes non-negligible relative to the Young's modulus of the plate, even if the intermediate layer is made thinner, and the loss factor cannot be improved. Specifically, the "compression storage modulus of the intermediate layer material / average Young's modulus of the two sheets of glass" is set to 1 x 10 so that the contribution of the elastic component in the dynamic viscoelasticity of the intermediate layer material becomes small. 4 Less than 5.0 x 10 is preferable. 3 Less than 1×10 is preferable. 3 Even more preferred is the following:

[0031] Materials constituting the intermediate layer, provided they satisfy the above-mentioned properties (1) to (3), include, for example, carbon-based, fluorine-based, or silicone-based polymer materials. Specific examples include ABS, AES, AS, CA, CN, CPE, EEA, EVA, EVOH, IO, PMMA, PMP, PP, PS, PVC, RB, TPA, TPE, TPEE, TPF, TPO, TPS, TPU, TPVC, AAS, ACS, PET, PPE, PA6, PA66, PBN, PBT, PC, POM, PPO, ETFE, FEP, LCP, PEEK, PEI, PES, PFA, PPS, PSV, PTFE, PVDF, silicone, polyurethane, PI, and PF. Alternatively, composite materials combining the above materials may be used. The above materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0032] The proportion of the substance satisfying the above specific properties in the intermediate layer is preferably 10 to 100% by mass, more preferably 30 to 100% by mass, further preferably 50 to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 70 to 100% by mass.

[0033] In addition to the substances satisfying the above-mentioned specific properties, the intermediate layer may contain any optional components within the range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Examples of optional components include colorants, fluorescent agents, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, magnetic materials, and stress relief agents. Furthermore, fillers or particles can be compounded with the substance that constitutes the intermediate layer to impart functions such as coloring, fluorescence, ultraviolet absorption, infrared absorption, magnetic force, and stress relief.

[0034] (Plates and glass plates) It is preferable that the peak top values ​​of the resonance frequencies of one plate and the other plate are different, and it is even more preferable that the resonance frequency ranges do not overlap. However, even if the resonance frequency ranges of one plate and the other plate overlap or the peak top values ​​are the same, the presence of the intermediate layer prevents the vibration of the other plate from synchronizing when one plate resonates, and the resonance is canceled out to a certain extent, resulting in a higher loss factor than when using glass plates alone.

[0035] That is, when the resonance frequency (peak top) of one plate is Qa, the half-width of the resonance amplitude is wa, and the resonance frequency (peak top) of the other plate is Qb, and the half-width of the resonance amplitude is wb, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship of the following [Equation 1]. (wa+wb) / 4<|Qa-Qb| [Equation 1] The larger the value of the left side of the above formula 1, the larger the difference in the resonant frequencies of the two plates (|Qa-Qb|), and the higher the loss factor that can be obtained, which is preferable.

[0036] Therefore, it is more preferable to satisfy the following [Formula 1'], and it is even more preferable to satisfy the following [Formula 1"]. (wa+wb) / 2<|Qa-Qb|...[Formula 1'] (wa+wb) / 1<|Qa-Qb|...[Formula 1”] The resonance frequency (peak top) and half width of the resonance amplitude of the plate can be measured in the same manner as the loss factor of the glass plate structure.

[0037] The smaller the difference in mass between one plate and the other, the better, and it is even better if there is no difference in mass at all. If there is a difference in mass between the plates, the resonance of the lighter plate can be suppressed by the heavier plate, but it is difficult to suppress the resonance of the heavier plate with the lighter plate. In other words, if there is an imbalance in the mass ratio, the difference in inertia forces will make it impossible in principle for the resonant vibrations to cancel each other out.

[0038] The mass ratio of the two plates, expressed as (mass of one plate A / mass of the other plate B), is preferably 0.8 to 1.25, more preferably 0.9 to 1.11, and even more preferably 1.0.

[0039] From the viewpoint of safety, the total thickness of the two plates is preferably 1.0 mm or more, more preferably more than 1.0 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm or more, even more preferably 2 mm or more, and particularly preferably 3 mm or more. A glass sheet structure in which the total thickness of the two sheets is within the above range is suitable for use as an opening material for buildings and vehicles, in which the generation of abnormal noise caused by resonance phenomena is suppressed.

[0040] The larger the loss factor of at least one of the plates, the greater the vibration damping of the structure, which is preferable for use as a diaphragm. Specifically, the loss factor of the plate at 25°C is 1 × 10 -4 More than 3×10 is preferable. -4 More than 5×10 is preferable. -4 The upper limit is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of productivity and manufacturing costs, it is preferably 5 × 10 -3 It is more preferable that both the one plate and the other plate have the above loss factor. The loss factor of the plate can be measured in the same manner as the loss factor of the glass plate structure described above.

[0041] At least one of the plates, one plate and the other plate, is preferably used as a diaphragm because the higher the longitudinal wave velocity in the plate thickness direction, the better the reproducibility of high-frequency sounds. 3 m / s or more is preferable, 4.5 × 10 3 m / s or more is preferable, and 5.0×10 3 The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7.0 × 10 m / s or more from the viewpoint of productivity of the plate and raw material costs. 3 It is more preferable that both the one plate and the other plate satisfy the above sound velocity value. The acoustic velocity of the plate can be measured in the same manner as the longitudinal wave acoustic velocity in the glass plate structure described above.

[0042] The pair of plates may have a sliding layer on the surface in contact with the intermediate layer. The sliding layer is a general term for a layer that has sliding properties between the intermediate layer and the plate, for example, by water-repellent, oil-repellent, hydrophobic, or hydrophilic surface treatment, oil surface, fluorine coating, silicone coating, etc., and the means for obtaining the sliding properties are not limited to the above. By having a sliding layer, stable quality can be obtained while ensuring stable acoustic properties.

[0043] In the glass plate structure according to the present invention, at least one of the first plate and the second plate is a glass plate. Here, the glass plate refers to inorganic glass and organic glass. Examples of organic glass include PMMA-based resin, PC-based resin, PS-based resin, PET-based resin, and cellulose-based resin, which are generally well known as transparent resins. The material of the other plate is arbitrary, and various materials can be used, such as a resin plate made of a resin other than organic glass, a metal plate such as aluminum, a ceramic plate made of ceramic, etc. From the viewpoints of design, processability, and weight, it is preferable to use organic glass, resin materials, composite materials, fiber materials, metal materials, etc., and from the viewpoint of vibration characteristics, it is preferable to use inorganic glass, highly rigid composite materials, fiber materials, metal materials, or ceramic materials. The resin material is preferably a resin material that can be molded into a flat or curved plate shape. The composite material or fiber material is preferably a resin material compounded with a high-hardness filler, carbon fiber, Kevlar fiber, or the like. The metal material is preferably aluminum, magnesium, copper, silver, gold, iron, titanium, or SUS, and other alloy materials may also be used as needed. As the ceramic material, ceramics and single crystal materials such as Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4, AlN, mullite, zirconia, yttria, YAG, etc. are more preferable. Furthermore, as for the ceramic material, it is particularly preferable that the material is translucent.

[0044] When inorganic glass is used in the glass plate constituting at least one plate, the composition is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the composition is, for example, in the following range in mass % based on oxides. SiO2: 40-80 mass%, Al2O3: 0-35 mass%, B2O3: 0-15 mass%, MgO: 0-20 mass%, CaO: 0-20 mass%, SrO: 0-20 mass%, BaO: 0-20 mass%, Li2O: 0-20 mass%, Na2O: 0-25 mass%, K2O: 0-20 mass%, TiO2: 0-10 mass%, and ZrO2: 0-10 mass%, with the above composition accounting for 95 mass% or more of the entire glass.

[0045] The composition of the inorganic glass plate is more preferably in the following range. SiO2: 55 to 75 mass%, Al2O3: 0 to 25 mass%, B2O3: 0 to 12 mass%, MgO: 0 to 20 mass%, CaO: 0 to 20 mass%, SrO: 0 to 20 mass%, BaO: 0 to 20 mass%, Li2O: 0 to 20 mass%, Na2O: 0 to 25 mass%, K2O: 0 to 15 mass%, TiO2: 0 to 5 mass%, and ZrO2: 0 to 5 mass%, with the above composition accounting for 95 mass% or more of the entire glass.

[0046] From the viewpoint of vibration characteristics, the smaller the specific gravity of each of the glass plates constituting at least one plate, the less energy is required to vibrate the glass plate. From the viewpoint of vibration characteristics alone, it is better to use inorganic glass rather than organic glass, and specifically, the specific gravity of the glass plate is preferably 2.8 or less, more preferably 2.6 or less, and even more preferably 2.5 or less. The higher the specific elastic modulus, which is the value obtained by dividing the Young's modulus of the glass plate by the density, the higher the rigidity can be. Specifically, the specific elastic modulus is 2.5×10 7 m 2 / s 2 More than 2.8 × 10 is preferable. 7 m 2 / s 2 More preferably, 3.0 x 10 7 m 2 / s 2 The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4.0 × 10 in view of formability during glass production. 7 m 2 / s 2 It is preferable that:

[0047] In order to increase the transmittance of the glass plate structure, it is also useful to match the refractive index. That is, the closer the refractive indexes of the glass plates and the intermediate layer constituting the glass plate structure, the more preferable it is, since reflection and interference at the interface are prevented. In particular, the difference between the refractive index of the intermediate layer and the refractive index of the pair of glass plates in contact with the intermediate layer is preferably 0.3 or less, more preferably 0.2 or less, even more preferably 0.1 or less, particularly preferably 0.05 or less, and even more particularly preferably 0.01 or less.

[0048] It is also possible to functionalize at least one or both of the plates constituting the glass plate structure. This is useful when it is desired to impart design features to the glass plate structure or when it is desired to impart functionality such as IR cut, UV cut, or privacy glass. For example, a metal film or the like may be vapor-deposited on the glass surface, and further, a wiring pattern or the like may be formed by printing a conductive resin or paint.

[0049] The number of glass plates constituting the glass plate structure may be at least one, but two or more glass plates may be used. In this case, glass plates having all different compositions may be used, glass plates having all the same composition may be used, or glass plates having the same composition and glass plates having different compositions may be used in combination. Among these, the use of two or more types of glass plates having different compositions is preferred from the viewpoints of design and acoustic properties. Similarly, the masses and thicknesses of the glass plates may all be different, all be the same, or some may be different.

[0050] At least one of the glass plates constituting the glass plate structure can be a physically strengthened glass plate or a chemically strengthened glass plate. This is useful for preventing breakage of the glass plate structure. When it is desired to increase the strength of the glass plate structure, it is preferable that the glass plate located on the outermost surface of the glass plate structure is a physically strengthened glass plate or a chemically strengthened glass plate, and it is more preferable that all of the constituting glass plates are physically strengthened glass plates or strengthened glass plates.

[0051] In addition, using crystallized glass or phase-separated glass as the glass plate is also useful from the viewpoint of increasing the longitudinal wave sound velocity value and strength. In particular, when it is desired to increase the strength of the glass plate structure, it is preferable that the glass plate located on the outermost surface of the glass plate structure be crystallized glass or phase-separated glass.

[0052] A coating layer may be formed or a film may be attached to at least one outermost surface of the glass plate structure, provided that the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Conventional coatings and films may be used, including, for example, water-repellent coatings, hydrophilic coatings, water-slip coatings, oil-repellent coatings, anti-reflection coatings, heat-shielding coatings, and highly reflective coatings. Examples of films include shatterproof films, color films, UV-cut films, IR-cut films, heat-shielding films, and electromagnetic wave-shielding films.

[0053] The shape of the glass plate structure can be appropriately designed depending on the application, and may be a flat plate or a curved shape. To increase the output sound pressure level in the low-frequency band, an enclosure or baffle plate may be attached to the glass plate structure. The material of the enclosure or baffle plate is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use the structure of the present invention. Furthermore, the enclosure or baffle plate may have a through hole for physical fixation using a metal point or ten-point, or at least one hole for attaching a vibrator.

[0054] A frame (border) may be provided on at least one outermost surface of the glass plate structure, provided that the effect of the present invention is not impaired. A frame is useful for improving the rigidity of the glass plate structure, firmly holding the structure to suppress low-frequency vibrations, or maintaining a curved surface shape. Materials for the frame include conventionally known materials, such as metals (e.g., aluminum, iron, stainless steel, magnesium), ceramics and single crystal materials (e.g., Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4, AlN, mullite, zirconia, yttria, YAG), fiber materials (e.g., carbon fiber, Kevlar fiber, and other composite materials), organic glass materials (e.g., PMMA, PC, PS, PET, and cellulose), transparent resin materials (e.g., butyl rubber, silicone rubber, and urethane rubber), vibration-damping gel materials (e.g., urethane gel and silicone gel), and wood materials (e.g., lauan, teak, and plywood). In order to prevent leakage of the intermediate layer from the frame, a sealant may be provided between the glass plate assembly and the frame.

[0055] At least a part of the outer peripheral edge of the glass plate structure may be sealed with a member that does not interfere with the vibration of the glass plate structure. Examples of the sealing material that can be used include sealing tape, resin, highly elastic rubber, and gel.

[0056] The sealing material may be an acrylic, cyanoacrylate, epoxy, silicone, urethane, or phenolic material. Curing methods include two-component mixing, moisture curing, heat curing, ultraviolet curing, and visible light curing. Thermoplastic resins (hot melt bonds) can also be used. Examples include ethylene vinyl acetate, polyolefin, polyamide, synthetic rubber, acrylic, and polyurethane.

[0057] Examples of rubber that can be used include natural rubber, synthetic natural rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (Hypalon), urethane rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber (Thiokol), and hydrogenated nitrile rubber.

[0058] (Method of manufacturing glass plate structure) The glass plate structure according to the present invention can be obtained by forming an intermediate layer between a pair of plates.

[0059] The method for forming an intermediate layer between a pair of plates is not particularly limited. When the structure is composed of a plate and an intermediate layer, examples include forming an intermediate layer on the surface of one plate and then placing the other plate on top of it, bonding plates each having an intermediate layer formed on their surface together, and injecting an intermediate layer into the gap between the two plates.

[0060] (Embodiment of Glass Plate Structure) FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a glass plate structure 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The glass plate structure 10 comprises a first plate 11, a second plate 12, and an intermediate layer 16 placed between the first plate and the second plate, and at least one of the first plate and the second plate is made of a glass plate.

[0061] Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the glass plate structure 10. The glass plate structure 10 of Fig. 2 includes another plate 13 in addition to the configuration of the glass plate structure 10 of Fig. 1. With such a configuration, the strength of the glass plate structure 10 can be increased.

[0062] Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the glass plate construct 10. In addition to the configuration of the glass plate construct 10 of Fig. 1, the glass plate construct 10 of Fig. 3 has an external sealant 31 on the end face of the glass plate construct. This makes it possible to prevent physical damage to the intermediate layer 16. In this case, if the optical refractive indexes of the intermediate layer and the external sealant are matched, the interface between the intermediate layer and the external sealant becomes difficult to see, and if the optical refractive indexes of the first plate 11 and the second plate 12 and the intermediate layer 16 are matched, the interface between the first plate 11 and the second plate 12 and the intermediate layer 16 becomes difficult to see.

[0063] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the glass plate construct 10, where Fig. 4(a) is a plan view and Fig. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view. The glass plate construct 10 of Fig. 4 has a frame 30 provided on the outer edge of the glass plate construct 10, at least on the outermost surface of the glass plate construct 10. This is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the glass plate construct 10. A sealant 31 is provided between the glass plate construct 10 and the frame 30.

[0064] 5A and 5B are diagrams showing another embodiment of the glass plate structure 10, in which (a) is a plan view and (b) is a cross-sectional view. As shown in Fig. 5, the frame 30 may be provided on the outermost surface of the first plate 11 of the glass plate structure 10.

[0065] 6A and 6B are diagrams showing another embodiment of the glass plate structure 10, in which (a) of FIG. 6 is a plan view of the glass plate structure, (b) of FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along line II in (a) of FIG. 6, and (c) of FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of part C in (b) of FIG. 6. 6(b) and 6(c), the end faces of the first plate 11 and the second plate 12 are misaligned to form a stepped portion 50 that has a staircase-like cross-sectional view. In this stepped portion 50, a sealing material 31 is provided so as to seal at least the intermediate layer 16. At the step portion 50, the sealant 31 is in close contact with the end surface 11a of the first plate 11, the end surface 16a of the intermediate layer 16, and the main surface 12a of the second plate 12. With this configuration, the intermediate layer 16 is sealed by the sealant 31, preventing leakage of the intermediate layer 16 and strengthening the bonding between the first plate 11, the intermediate layer 16, and the second plate 12, thereby increasing the strength of the glass plate structure 10.

[0066] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the step portion 50 is configured so that the end surface 11a of the first plate 11 and the end surface 16a of the intermediate layer 16 are perpendicular to the main surface 12a of the second plate 12. As a result, the sealant 31 has an L-shaped contour extending along the step portion 50 in a cross-sectional view. With this configuration, the bonding between the first plate 11, the intermediate layer 16, and the second plate 12 is further strengthened, and the strength of the glass plate structure 10 is further increased.

[0067] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the sealing material 31 has a tapered surface 31a. The edge of the glass plate structure 10 is sometimes tapered, and by adopting such a shape of the sealing material 31, it is possible to obtain the same effect as when the glass plate structure is processed.

[0068] FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the glass plate construct 10, where (a) of FIG. 7 is a plan view of the glass plate construct, and (b) of FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in (a) of FIG. 7. In this embodiment, unlike the other embodiments, the step portion 50 and the sealant 31 are not provided on the periphery of the glass plate construct 10, but are provided substantially in the center of the glass plate construct 10 in plan view. This configuration also satisfies the requirement that the end faces of the two plates (the first plate 11 and the second plate 12) are misaligned. This increases the strength of the glass plate construct 10. In addition, a seal tape 40 is attached to the peripheral end face of the glass plate construct 10 to seal the intermediate layer 16.

[0069] <Vibration plate, opening material> The present invention relates to a diaphragm including the glass plate structure and a vibrator, and an aperture member using the glass plate structure.

[0070] For example, by installing one or more vibration elements or vibration detection elements (vibrators) on one or both sides of a glass plate structure, the diaphragm can function as a housing vibrator or housing speaker for speakers, microphones, earphones, mobile devices, etc. To improve the output sound pressure level, it is desirable to install two or more vibration elements on both sides of the glass plate structure. Generally, the position of the vibrator relative to the diaphragm is preferably in the center of the structure, but the vibrator may also be installed at the edge of the glass plate structure. Furthermore, since the glass plate structure has a high degree of freedom in terms of size, shape, color, etc., and can be designed in a variety of ways, a diaphragm with excellent design can be obtained. Furthermore, sound or vibration can be sampled using a sound-collecting microphone or vibration detector installed on or near the surface of the glass plate structure, and vibrations of the same or opposite phase can be generated in the glass plate structure, thereby amplifying or canceling the sampled sound or vibration. In this case, if the characteristics of the sound or vibration at the sampling points change based on a certain acoustic transfer function before being propagated to the diaphragm of the glass plate structure, or if the glass plate structure has an acoustic conversion transfer function, it is possible to accurately amplify or cancel the vibration by correcting the amplitude and phase of the control signal using a control filter. When configuring such a control filter, for example, a least mean squares (LMS) algorithm can be used.

[0071] As a more specific configuration, for example, all or at least one of the glass plates of a double-glazed glass can be made into the glass plate structure of the present invention, and the vibration level of the plate on the side into which the sound vibration to be controlled flows or the sound pressure level in the space between the glass plates can be sampled, and this can be appropriately signal-corrected using a control filter before being output to a vibration element on the glass plate structure installed on the side from which the sound vibration flows out.

[0072] The glass plate structure of the present invention can be used, for example, as an interior vibrating member for transportation machinery such as a vehicle, such as an in-vehicle speaker. For example, interior components that function as speakers can be used to convert instrument panels, dashboards, ceilings, doors, sun visors, car navigation systems, electronic indicators such as in-vehicle displays, and lighting equipment into speakers. Conventional automobile components such as windshields, side windows, rear windows, side mirrors, rearview mirrors, inner and outer windows of double-glazed windows, partitions between the driver's seat and rear seats, and partitions between rear seats can also be converted into speakers. Similar applications are possible for installation in trains, airplanes, helicopters, and the like. Furthermore, these components can also function as microphones and diaphragms for active noise control.

[0073] Furthermore, the above applications are not limited to in-vehicle and aircraft applications and electronic devices, but can also be used as building materials. By using this diaphragm, it is possible to turn window glass, door glass, showcases, and other items that require a thick plate thickness for safety reasons into speakers.

[0074] Examples of the aperture material include aperture materials used in construction and transportation machinery. For example, when a glass plate structure that does not resonate in the frequency band of noise generated by the driving parts of vehicles, aircraft, ships, generators, etc. is used, it is possible to obtain a particularly excellent noise suppression effect against such noise. In addition, the glass plate structure can be given functions such as IR cut, UV cut, and coloring.

[0075] When applied to an aperture member, a diaphragm having one or more vibration elements or vibration detection elements (vibrators) mounted on one or both sides of the glass plate structure can function as a speaker or microphone. By using the glass plate structure of the present invention, it is possible to easily reproduce sounds in the low-frequency and high-frequency ranges, which have been difficult to reproduce in the past. Furthermore, since the glass plate structure has a high degree of freedom in terms of size, shape, color tone, etc., and can be designed, an aperture member with excellent design properties can be obtained. Furthermore, sound or vibration can be sampled using a sound-collecting microphone or vibration detector installed on or near the surface of the glass plate structure, and vibrations of the same phase or opposite phase can be generated from the glass plate structure, thereby amplifying or canceling the sampled sound or vibration.

[0076] More specifically, when used as interior or exterior speakers, or as sound-insulating windshields, side windows, rear windows, or roof glass, the glass may be designed to transmit or block specific acoustic vibrations. It can also be used as vehicle windows, structural components, and decorative panels that have improved water repellency, snow resistance, ice resistance, and stain resistance through acoustic vibrations. Specifically, the glass can be used for automotive window glass and mirrors, as well as lenses, sensors, and their cover glass.

[0077] As architectural opening materials, they can be used as window glass, door glass, roof glass, photochromic glass, interior and exterior materials, decorative materials, structural materials, exterior walls, soundproofing panels and walls, and solar cell cover glass, all of which function as vibration panels and vibration detection devices. They can also function as acoustic reflection (reverberation) panels. Furthermore, sonic vibrations can improve the water repellency, snow resistance, and stain resistance mentioned above. They can also function as crack detection, pest control, animal damage prevention, ultrasonic communication, echo diagnosis, and more. [Example]

[0078] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0079] <Glass plate structure> Glass plates A and B measuring 10 mm×60 mm×1.1 mm were prepared, and the intermediate layer material was sandwiched between them so as to have a predetermined thickness, thereby obtaining glass plate structures of Examples 1 to 6.

[0080] The compositions (mass %) and physical properties of the glass plates A and B are shown below. (Glass plate A) SiO2: 61.5%, Al2O3: 20%, B2O3: 1.5%, MgO: 5.5%, CaO: 4.5%, SrO: 7%, density: 2.7 g / cm 3 , Young's modulus: 85 GPa, specific elastic modulus: 3.2 × 10 7 m 2 / s 2 Surface roughness: (JIS B0601) arithmetic mean height Ra≦1.0 μm (Glass plate B) SiO2: 60%, Al2O3: 17%, B2O3: 8%, MgO: 3%, CaO: 4%, SrO: 8%, density: 2.5 g / cm 3 , Young's modulus: 77 GPa, specific elastic modulus: 3.1 × 10 7 m 2 / s 2 Surface roughness: (JIS B0601) arithmetic mean height Ra≦1.0 μm

[0081] The physical properties of the materials used in the intermediate layer are shown in the table below. The compression storage modulus, compression loss modulus, and loss factor tanδ (= compression storage modulus / compression loss modulus) were measured at 25°C and 1 Hz using an MCR301 (manufactured by Anton Paar). The results are shown in the table below.

[0082] [Table 1]

[0083] <Loss factor measurement> Using a vibrator, frequency signals ranging from 20 Hz to 6000 Hz were applied to each glass plate structure, and the amplitude of the glass plate structure edge was measured at each frequency by sweeping at Δ1 Hz. The frequencies 3 dB lower than the peak of the resonance frequency ω0 were defined as ω1 and ω2, and the loss factor of the glass plate structure was calculated as loss factor = (ω2 - ω1) / ω0. The results are shown in the table below.

[0084] <Longitudinal wave sound velocity measurement> Longitudinal wave sound velocity values ​​can be measured using the ultrasonic pulse method described in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS-R1602-1995). The values ​​are as shown in the table below.

[0085] Examples 1 and 2 are working examples, and Examples 3 to 6 are comparative examples.

[0086] [Table 2]

[0087] Since adhesives damp vibrations using a dynamic viscoelastic mechanism, the loss factor of the adhesive intermediate layer increases as the thickness of the layer increases. On the other hand, the intermediate layer must be made thicker as the plate thickness increases. In contrast, in the glass plate structure of the present invention, a material having a compressive storage modulus of not more than a specific value is used for the intermediate layer, and it is clear that the thinner the film thickness of the intermediate layer, the more the loss factor improves. Furthermore, the thinner the intermediate layer is, the higher the sound velocity value of the glass plate structure becomes. Therefore, a glass plate structure using a material having a compressive storage modulus of elasticity equal to or less than a specific value for the intermediate layer has both a high loss factor and a high sound velocity value.

[0088] From the above results, it is clear that the glass plate structure constructed according to the present invention can obtain a high loss factor and a high sound velocity value, and has high acoustic performance.

[0089] Although the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. This application is based on a Japanese patent application (Patent Application No. 2020-142842) filed on August 26, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Explanation of symbols]

[0090] 10...Glass plate structure 11...First board 11a...end surface of first plate 12...Second board 12a...Main surface of second plate 13...Other boards 16...Middle class 30...frame 31...Sealing material 31a...Tapered surface 40...Sealing tape 50...Step

Claims

1. A glass plate structure including two or more plates and including an intermediate layer between at least a pair of the plates, At least one of the pair of plates is a glass plate, the intermediate layer contains a silicone gel and satisfies all of the following properties (1) to (3), The glass plate structure has a loss coefficient of 0.01 or more at 25°C and a longitudinal wave sound velocity in the plate thickness direction of 4.0 × 10 ３ A glass plate structure having a viscosity of 1000 psi or more. (1) The thickness of the intermediate layer is 20 μm or less; (2) Compression storage modulus at 25°C is 1.0 x 10 ４ Pa or less, (3) The compression storage modulus is higher than the compression loss modulus at 25°C and 1 Hz.

2. All of the plates in the pair are glass plates, The glass plate structure has a loss coefficient of 0.01 or more at 25°C and a longitudinal wave sound velocity in the plate thickness direction of 5.0 × 10 ３ The glass sheet structure according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet structure has a viscosity of 1000 psi or more.

3. The total thickness of the pair of plates is 1.0 mm or more, The glass plate structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate layer and the plate satisfy the following formula A: [Equation 1]

4. The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates at 25°C is 20 GPa or more.

5. The product of the total thickness of the pair of plates and the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates is 2.0 × 10 ７ The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface roughness is Pa·m or more.

6. 6. The glass plate structure according to claim 1, wherein a value obtained by dividing the thickness of the intermediate layer by the total thickness of the pair of plates is 0.02 or less.

7. The compressive storage modulus of the material of the intermediate layer divided by the average Young's modulus of the pair of plates is 1×10 ４ The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:

8. The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the mass of one plate A of the pair of plates divided by the mass of the other plate B of the pair of plates is 0.8 to 1.

25.

9. At least one of the pair of plates has a loss coefficient of 1×10 at 25°C. －４ The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. At least one of the pair of plates has a longitudinal wave velocity in the plate thickness direction of 4.0 × 10 ３ The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the glass plate structure has a viscosity of 1000 MPa or more.

11. The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a sliding layer on the surface of each of the pair of plates that is in contact with the intermediate layer.

12. The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the specific gravity of the glass plate is 2.8 or less.

13. The specific elastic modulus of the glass plate is 2.5 × 10 ７ m ２ / s ２ The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a difference between the refractive index of the intermediate layer and the refractive index of the pair of plates in contact with the intermediate layer is 0.3 or less.

15. The glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the glass plate structure has a curved shape.

16. A diaphragm comprising the glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and at least one vibrator installed on one or both surfaces of the glass plate structure.

17. An aperture member using the glass plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 15 or the vibration plate according to claim 16.

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