HLA class I-restricted T cell receptor for G12V mutant RAS

Abstract

Isolated or purified T cell receptors (TCRs) are disclosed, wherein the TCRs have antigen specificity for a mutant RAS amino acid sequence presented by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule. Related polypeptides and proteins, as well as related nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, cell populations, and pharmaceutical compositions, are also provided. Also disclosed are methods for detecting the presence of cancer in a mammal, and methods for treating or preventing cancer in a mammal.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 976,655, filed February 14, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 060,340, filed August 3, 2020, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT This invention was made with federal support from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health under Project No. ZIABC010984. The federal government has certain rights in this invention.

[0003] Incorporation by Reference of Electronically Filed Materials The computer readable nucleotide / amino acid sequence listing, filed concurrently herewith and identified as follows, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety: One 307,206 byte ASCII (text) file entitled "751508_ST25.txt", dated February 4, 2021. [Background technology]

[0004] Background of the Invention For certain cancers, particularly when the cancer becomes metastatic and unresectable, treatment options can be very limited. Despite advances in treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the prognosis for many cancers, such as pancreatic, colorectal, lung, endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancer, can be poor. Thus, there is an unmet need for additional treatments for cancer. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One embodiment of the present invention is an isolated or purified T cell receptor (TCR) comprising the amino acid sequence of (a) SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3, (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6, (c) SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33, (d) SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36, (e) SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 66, (f) SEQ ID NOs: 67 to 69, (g) SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, (h) SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 36, or (i) SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 69, wherein the TCR is a TCR that is present on a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule and has a glycine residue at position 12 of the TCR. Balin and a TCR having antigen specificity for a mutant human RAS amino acid sequence with a substitution of:

[0006] Another embodiment of the present invention is an isolated or purified polypeptide comprising a functional portion of a TCR of the present invention, wherein the functional portion is selected from the group consisting of (a) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3, and (b) all of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6. 、( (c) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33, (d) all of SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36, (e) SEQ ID NOs: No. 6 All 4-66 hand, (f) A polypeptide comprising all of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 67 to 69, (g) all of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, (h) all of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 36, or (i) all of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 69.

[0007] Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides an isolated or purified protein comprising at least one of the polypeptides of the present invention.

[0008] Further embodiments of the present invention provide nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, cell populations and pharmaceutical compositions related to the TCRs, polypeptides and proteins of the present invention.

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention provide isolated or purified nucleic acids comprising, from 5' to 3', a first nucleic acid sequence and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first and second nucleic acid sequences are, respectively, SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8; 7 and 91; 90 and 8; 90 and 91; 8 and 7; 91 and 7; 8 and 90; 91 and 90; 37 and 38; 37 and 93; 92 and 38; 92 and 93; 38 and 37; 93 and 37; 38 and 92; 93 and 92; 70 and 71; 70 and 133; 132 and 71; 132 and 133; 71 and 70; 133 and 7 0; 71 and 132, 133 and 132, 23 and 24, 23 and 103, 102 and 24, 102 and 103, 24 and 23, 103 and 23, 24 and 102, 103 and 102, 39 and 40, 39 and 109, 108 and 40, 108 and 109, 40 and 39, 109 and 39, 40 and 108, 109 and 108, 78 and 79, 78 and 139 ; 138 and 79, 138 and 139, 79 and 78, 139 and 78, 79 and 138, 139 and 138, 21 and 22, 21 and 101, 100 and 22, 100 and 101, 22 and 21, 101 and 21, 22 and 100, 100 and 101, 41 and 42, 41 and 107, 106 and 42, 106 and 107, 42 and 41, 107 and 41 、 42 and 106, 107 and 106, 74 and 75, 74 and 101, 100 and 75, 100 and 101, 75 and 74, 101 and 74, 75 and 100, 101 and 100, 124 and 125, 124 and 105, 104 and 125, 104 and 105, 125 and 124, 105 and 124, 125 and 104, 105 and 104, 126 and 127, 126 and 111 、 110 and 127, 110 and 111, 127 and 126, 111 and 126, 127 and 110, 111 and 110, 134 and 135, 140 and 135, 134 and 141, 140 and 141, 135 and 134, 135 and 140, 141 and 134, 141 and 140, 47 and 48, 48 and 47, 49 and 50, 50 and 49, 72 and 73 、73 and 72;94 and 95;95 and 94;94 and 85;85 and 94;96 and 97;97 and 96;96 and 87;87 and 96;88 and 89;89 and 88;51 and 52;52 and 51;53 and 54;54 and 53;80 and 81;81 and 80;55 and 56;56 and 55;57 and 58;58 and 57;76 and 77 、 77 and 76; 128 and 129; 129 and 128; 130 and 131; 131 and 130; 142 and 143; 143 and 142; 112 and 113; 113 and 112; 118 and 119; 119 and 118; 144 and 145; 145 and 144; 114 and 115; 115 and 114; 120 and 121; 121 and 120; 146 and 147; 147 and 146 、 These encode the amino acid sequences 116 and 117, 117 and 116, 122 and 123, 123 and 122, 148 and 149, 149 and 148, 150 and 151, 151 and 150, 154 and 155, 155 and 154, 152 and 153, 153 and 152, 156 and 157, 157 and 156, 160 and 161, 161 and 160, 158 and 159, or 159 and 158.

[0010] Further provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods for detecting the presence of cancer in a mammal, methods for treating or preventing cancer in a mammal, methods for inducing an immune response against cancer in a mammal, methods for producing host cells expressing a TCR with antigen specificity for the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 29 or 30, and methods for producing the TCRs, polypeptides and proteins of the invention.

[0011] Other embodiments are described herein. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1A]Figure 1A shows the reactivity of autologous DC target cells transfected with tandem minigene (TMG) mRNA encoding wild-type (WT) RAS. TILs were isolated from tumor sections F1 and F13 or a combination of tumor sections F2, F3, and F5 from patient 4391. TILs were gated for live / CD3+ / CD8+. Reactivity was measured by detecting upregulation of OX40 and 4-1BB by FACS. [Figure 1B] Figure 1B shows the reactivity of autologous DC target cells transfected with mRNA TMG encoding mutant (Mut) RAS. TILs were isolated from tumor sections F1 and F13 or a combination of tumor sections F2, F3, and F5 from patient 4391. TILs were gated for live / CD3+ / CD8+. Reactivity was measured by detecting upregulation of OX40 and 4-1BB by FACS. [Figure 1C] Figure 1C shows the reactivity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) pulsed with WT RAS long peptide (LP). TILs were isolated from tumor sections F1 and F13 or a combination of tumor sections F2, F3, and F5 from patient 4391. TILs were gated for live / CD3+ / CD8+. Reactivity was measured by detecting upregulation of OX40 and 4-1BB by FACS. [Figure 1D] Figure 1D shows the reactivity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) pulsed with RAS G12 VLP. TILs were isolated from tumor sections F1 and F13 or a combination of tumor sections F2, F3, and F5 from patient 4391. TILs were gated for live / CD3+ / CD8+. Reactivity was measured by detecting upregulation of OX40 and 4-1BB by FACS. [Figure 2A]Figure 2A shows the reactivity of TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 to target cells pulsed with one of the RAS G12V minimal epitopes—ME4-7. Target cells were 4391 autologous DCs, COS-A03 (COS7 cells stably expressing HLA-A*03:01), or COS-A02 (COS7 cells stably expressing HLA-A*02:01) cell lines. TILs were gated for live / CD3+ / CD8+. Reactivity was measured by detecting upregulation of OX40 and 4-1BB by FACS. [Figure 2B] Figure 2B shows the reactivity of TILs from tumor section F1 of patient 4391 to target cells pulsed with either WT LP or RAS G12V LP. DMSO-pulsed target cells served as a control. Target cells were 4391 autologous DCs, COS-A03 (COS7 cells stably expressing HLA-A*03:01), or COS-A02 (COS7 cells stably expressing HLA-A*02:01) cell lines. TILs were gated for live / CD3+ / CD8+. Reactivity was measured by detecting upregulation of OX40 and 4-1BB by FACS. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of IFN-γ secretion (3e4 (3 × 104) cells) by TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 upon coculture with autologous DCs pulsed with WT LP, G12V LP, or G12V ME. TILs cultured alone served as a negative control. TILs nonspecifically stimulated by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. [Figure 4A]Figure 4A is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of IFN-γ (spots / 3e4 (3 × 10) cells) secreted by TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 upon coculture with non-DNA-transfected target COS7 cells (COS7) or target COS7 cells DNA-transfected with one of four different HLA alleles (HLA-A*03:01, HLA-C*11:01, HLA-B*55:01, or HLA-C*01:02) expressed by patient 4391. Target cells were pulsed with the indicated concentrations of G12V ME8. [Figure 4B] Figure 4B is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of IFN-γ (3e4 spots / 3 × 10 cells) secreted by TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 upon coculture with non-DNA-transfected target COS7 cells (COS7) or target COS7 cells transfected with one of four different HLA alleles (HLA-A*03:01, HLA-C*11:01, HLA-B*55:01, or HLA-C*01:02) expressed by patient 4391. Target cells were pulsed with the indicated concentrations of G12V LP. [Figure 4C] Figure 4C is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of IFN-γ (3e4 spots / 3 × 10 cells) secreted by TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 upon coculture with non-DNA-transfected target COS7 cells (COS7) or target COS7 cells transfected with any of four different HLA alleles (HLA-A*03:01, HLA-C*11:01, HLA-B*55:01, or HLA-C*01:02) expressed by patient 4391. Target cells were pulsed with the indicated concentrations of WT LP. [Figure 4D]Figure 4D is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of IFN-γ (3e4 spots / 3 × 10 cells) secreted by TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 upon coculture with non-DNA-transfected target COS7 cells (COS7) or target COS7 cells DNA-transfected with one of four different HLA alleles (HLA-A*03:01, HLA-C*11:01, HLA-B*55:01, or HLA-C*01:02) expressed by patient 4391. COS7 cells DNA-transfected with HLA-C*01:02 were pulsed with the indicated concentrations of G12V ME8, G12V LP, or WT LP (Figure 4D). [Figure 5A] Figure 5A is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of secreted IFN-γ (3e4 spots / 3 x 10 cells) in response to co-culture of TCR-transduced PBLs with target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). Transduced cells co-cultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. [Figure 5B] Figure 5B is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells in response to co-culture of TCR-transfected PBLs with target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). Transfected cells co-cultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. CD8+ gated cells are shown in Figure 5B. [Figure 5C] Figure 5C is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements of the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells in response to co-culture of TCR-transfected PBLs with target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). Transfected cells co-cultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. CD4+ gated cells are shown in Figure 5C. [Figure 6]Figure 6 shows the results of ELISPOT measurements of IFN-γ secreted by 4385 TIL fragments 11 screened for novel antigen reactivity against different peptide pools (PP) or different TMG (PMA / Io material served as a positive control). [Figure 7A] Figure 7A is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among the CD8+ gated cells for coculture of TCR 4-transfected 4385 PBL or TIL fragment 11 (F11) with 4385 autologous DC target cells pulsed with one of the RAS minimal epitopes (MEs) 4-8, RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or DC mRNA-transfected with RAS WT FL, G12V FL, or TMG2 (including TMG and RAS G12V in Figure 6). DMSO-pulsed target cells or T cells alone served as negative controls. Coculture of T cells with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as a positive control. Labels were used to distinguish markers as needed. [Figure 7B] Figure 7B is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among the CD4+ gated cells for coculture of TCR4-transfected 4385 PBL or TIL fragment 11 (F11) with 4385 autologous DC target cells pulsed with one of the RAS minimal epitopes (MEs) 4-8, RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or DC mRNA-transfected with RAS WT FL, G12V FL, or TMG2 (including TMG and RAS G12V in Figure 6). DMSO-pulsed target cells or T cells alone served as negative controls. Coculture of T cells with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as a positive control. Labels were used to distinguish markers as needed. [Figure 7C]Figure 7C shows ELISPOT measurements of secreted IFN-γ (3e4 spots / 3 x 10 cells) in response to coculture of TCR 4-transfected 4385 PBL or TIL fragment 11 (F11) with 4385 autologous DC target cells pulsed with one of the RAS minimal epitopes (MEs) 4-8, RAS WT LP, or RAS G12V LP, or DCs mRNA-transfected with RAS WT FL, G12V FL, or TMG2 (including TMG and RAS G12V in Figure 6). DMSO-pulsed target cells or T cells alone served as negative controls. Coculture of T cells with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as a positive control. Labels were used to distinguish markers as needed. [Figure 8A] FIG. 8A is a dot plot showing the TCR transduction efficacy of 4385 into PBLs and the CD8 / CD4 population distribution of the cells used in this experiment. [Figure 8B] FIG. 8B shows IFN-γ ELISPOT images. [Figure 9A] Figure 9A is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells in ELISPOT assays (spots / 3e4 (3 x 104) cells) secreted IFN-γ in response to co-culture of 4385 TIL F11 with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or RAS G12V ME8. TIL F11 cells co-cultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. T cells alone (no target cells) served as a negative control. [Figure 9B]Figure 9B is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among CD8+ gated cells in response to co-culture of 4385 TIL F11 with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or RAS G12V ME8. TIL F11 cells co-cultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. T cells alone (no target cells) served as a negative control. [Figure 9C] Figure 9C is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among CD4+ gated cells in response to co-culture of 4385 TIL F11 with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or RAS G12V ME8. TIL F11 cells co-cultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. T cells alone (no target cells) served as a negative control. [Figure 10A] Figure 10A is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells in ELISPOT assays (spots / 3e4 (3 x 104) cells) secreted IFN-γ in response to coculture of 4385 anti-RAS TCR-transfected PBLs with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or RAS G12V ME8. Transfected cells cocultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. T cells alone (no target cells) served as a negative control. [Figure 10B] Figure 10B is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among CD8+ gated cells in response to coculture of 4385 anti-RAS TCR-transfected PBLs with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or RAS G12V ME8. Transfected cells cocultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. T cells alone (no target cells) served as a negative control. [Figure 10C] Figure 10C is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among CD4+ gated cells in response to coculture of 4385 anti-RAS TCR-transfected PBLs with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or RAS G12V ME8. Transfected cells cocultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. T cells alone (no target cells) served as a negative control. [Figure 11A] Figure 11A is a graph showing ELISPOT measurements (3e4 spots / 3 x 10 cells) of IFN-γ secreted in response to co-culture of 4385 anti-RAS G12V TCR4-transfected PBL with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS G12V ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). Transfected cells co-cultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material were used as a positive control. [Figure 11B] Figure 11B is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among CD8+ gated cells in response to coculture of 4385 anti-RAS G12V TCR4-transfected PBLs with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS G12V ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). Transfected cells cocultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material were used as a positive control. [Figure 11C] Figure 11C is a graph showing the percentage of 4-1BB / OX40+ cells among CD4+ gated cells in response to coculture of 4385 anti-RAS G12V TCR4-transfected PBLs with autologous DC target cells pulsed with the indicated concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS G12V ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). Transfected cells cocultured with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material were used as a positive control. [Figure 12A]Figure 12A is a graph showing the reactivity of TIL explant cocultures with autologous DCs transfected with RAS G12V FL, RAS WT FL, and loaded with RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, RAS G12V ME (without ME8), or ME8, as tested by IFNγ ELISPOT. DCs treated with DMSO or anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as negative and positive controls, respectively. [Figure 12B] Figure 12B is a graph showing the reactivity of TIL explant cocultures with autologous DCs transfected with RAS G12V FL, RAS WT FL, and loaded with RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, RAS G12V ME (without ME8), or ME8 using a CD8-gated 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry assay. DCs treated with DMSO or anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as negative and positive controls, respectively. [Figure 12C] Figure 12C is a graph showing the reactivity of TIL explant cocultures with autologous DCs transfected with RAS G12V FL, RAS WT FL, and loaded with RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, RAS G12V ME (without ME8), or ME8, using a 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry assay gated on CD4 (Figure 12C). DCs treated with DMSO or anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as negative and positive controls, respectively. [Figure 13A] Figure 13A is a graph showing reactivity tested using IFNγ ELISPOT, gated on CD8+ after sort enrichment. TILs from tumor fragment F12 of patient 4394 were co-cultured with autologous DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8) after enrichment of the RAS-reactive TIL population. [Figure 13B]Figure 13B is a graph showing reactivity tested using an I41BB / OX40 flow cytometry assay, gated on CD8+ cells after sort enrichment. TILs from tumor fragment F12 of patient 4394 were co-cultured with autologous DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8) after enrichment of the RAS-reactive TIL population. [Figure 14A] Figure 14A is a graph showing the reactivity of 4394 TCRA- and 4394 TCRB-transfected PBLs cocultured with autologous DCs loaded with RAS G12V ME8 or RAS WT4 ME (WT sequence of ME8), RAS WT LP, or RAS G12V LP, or with autologous DCs transfected with mRNA for the RAS G12V FL or RAS WT FL genes, as tested by IFNγ ELISPOT. Coculture with DMSO-treated DCs served as a negative control. Nonspecific stimulation by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. [Figure 14B] Figure 14B is a graph showing the reactivity of 4394 TCRA- and 4394 TCRB-transfected PBLs cocultured with autologous DCs loaded with RAS G12V ME8 or RAS WT4 ME (WT sequence of ME8), RAS WT LP, or RAS G12V LP, or with autologous DCs transfected with mRNA for the RAS G12V FL or RAS WT FL genes, as tested by 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry gated on CD4. Coculture with DMSO-treated DCs served as a negative control. Nonspecific stimulation by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. [Figure 14C]Figure 14C is a graph showing the reactivity of 4394 TCRA- and 4394 TCRB-transfected PBLs cocultured with autologous DCs transfected with RAS G12V ME8 or RAS WT4 ME (WT sequence of ME8), RAS WT LP, RAS G12V LP, or RAS G12V FL or RAS WT FL gene mRNA, as tested by 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry gated on CD8. Coculture with DMSO-treated DCs served as a negative control. Nonspecific stimulation by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. [Figure 15A] Figure 15A is a graph showing IFNγ ELISPOT reactivity testing of 4394 TCR-transduced PBLs cocultured with 4394 DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). TCR-transduced PBLs cultured alone served as a negative control. TCR-transduced PBLs nonspecifically stimulated by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. [Figure 15B] Figure 15B shows a graph showing the CD4 gating test of 4394 TCR-transduced PBLs cocultured with 4394 DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). TCR-transduced PBLs cultured alone served as a negative control. TCR-transduced PBLs nonspecifically stimulated by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. [Figure 15C] Figure 15C is a graph showing the CD8 gating test of 4394 TCR-transduced PBLs cocultured with 4394 DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). TCR-transduced PBLs cultured alone served as a negative control. TCR-transduced PBLs nonspecifically stimulated by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] RAS family proteins belong to a large family of small GTPases. Without being bound by a particular theory or mechanism, it is believed that when mutated, RAS proteins may be involved in signal transduction during the early stages of carcinogenesis in many human cancers. A single amino acid substitution can activate the protein. Mutant RAS protein products can be constitutively activated. Mutant RAS proteins can be expressed in any of a variety of human cancers, such as pancreatic cancer (e.g., pancreatic carcinoma), colorectal cancer, lung cancer (e.g., lung adenocarcinoma), endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer (e.g., epithelial ovarian cancer), and prostate cancer. Human RAS family proteins include Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), and neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS).

[0014] KRAS is also referred to as GTPase KRas, V-Ki-Ras2 (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene), or KRAS2. There are two KRAS transcript variants: KRAS variant A and KRAS variant B. Wild-type (WT) KRAS variant A has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. Wild-type (WT) KRAS variant B has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. Hereinafter, reference to "KRAS" (mutated or non-mutated (WT)) refers to both variant A and variant B unless otherwise specified. Upon activation, mutant KRAS binds guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) and converts GTP to guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP).

[0015] HRAS is another member of the RAS protein family. HRAS is also known as Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncoprotein, V-Ha-Ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, or Ras family small GTP-binding protein H-Ras. WT HRAS has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.

[0016] NRAS is another member of the RAS protein family. NRAS is also called GTPase NRas, V-Ras neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, or NRAS1. WT NRAS has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.

[0017] One embodiment of the present invention provides an isolated or purified TCR having antigen specificity for a mutant human RAS amino acid sequence with a glycine to valine substitution at position 12 (hereinafter referred to as "mutant RAS"), where the mutant human RAS amino acid sequence is the amino acid sequence of mutant human KRAS, mutant human HRAS, or mutant human NRAS. Position 12 is defined with reference to the WT human KRAS, WT human HRAS, or WT human NRAS protein, respectively. Hereinafter, reference to "TCR" also refers to functional portions and functional variants of the TCR, unless otherwise specified.

[0018] The TCR of the present invention may have antigen specificity for any mutant human RAS protein, polypeptide, or peptide amino acid sequence. In an embodiment of the present invention, the mutant human RAS amino acid sequence is a mutant human KRAS amino acid sequence, a mutant human HRAS amino acid sequence, or a mutant human NRAS amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequences of wild-type human KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS proteins each have a length of 188 to 189 amino acid residues and are highly identical to each other. For example, the amino acid sequence of the wild-type human NRAS protein is 86.8% identical to that of the wild-type human KRAS protein. Amino acid residues 1 to 86 of the wild-type human NRAS protein and the wild-type human KRAS protein are 100% identical. The amino acid sequence of the wild-type human HRAS protein is 86.3% identical to that of the wild-type human KRAS protein. Amino acid residues 1 to 94 of the wild-type human HRAS protein and the wild-type human KRAS protein are 100% identical. Hereinafter, references to "RAS" (mutated or non-mutated (WT)) refer collectively to KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS, unless otherwise specified.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention, the mutant human RAS amino acid sequence comprises a WT RAS amino acid sequence having a glycine substitution at position 12, where position 12 is defined with reference to the WT RAS protein. As explained above, the WT RAS protein may be any of the WT KRAS protein (SEQ ID NO: 9 or 10), WT HRAS protein (SEQ ID NO: 11), and WT NRAS protein (SEQ ID NO: 12), because amino acid residues 1-86 of the WT NRAS protein and the WT KRAS protein are 100% identical, and amino acid residues 1-94 of the WT HRAS protein and the WT KRAS protein are 100% identical. Therefore, the amino acid residue at position 12 of the WT KRAS protein, the WT HRAS protein, and the WT NRAS protein is identical, i.e., glycine.

[0020] The glycine at position 12 of the WT RAS amino acid sequence may be substituted with any amino acid residue other than glycine. In embodiments of the invention, the substitution is a substitution of valine for glycine at position 12 of the WT RAS amino acid sequence. In this regard, embodiments of the invention provide TCRs with antigen specificity for any WT RAS protein, polypeptide, or peptide amino acid sequence having a G12V mutation.

[0021] RAS mutations and substitutions are defined herein with reference to the amino acid sequence of the WT RAS protein. Accordingly, RAS mutations and substitutions are described herein by reference to the amino acid residue present at a particular position in the WT RAS protein, followed by the position number, followed by the amino acid residue with which that residue is replaced in the particular mutation or substitution under consideration. A RAS amino acid sequence (e.g., a RAS peptide) may contain fewer than all of the amino acid residues in a full-length WT RAS protein. Accordingly, position 12 is defined herein with reference to the WT full-length RAS protein (i.e., any one of SEQ ID NOS: 9-12), with the understanding that the actual position of the corresponding residue in a particular example of a RAS amino acid sequence may vary. When a position is as defined in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 9-12, the term "G12" refers to the glycine normally present at position 12 in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 9-12, and "G12V" indicates that the glycine normally present at position 12 in any one of SEQ ID NOS: 9-12 has been replaced with a valine. For example, a particular example of a RAS amino acid sequence may be, e.g.,

[0022] [ka]

[0023] (SEQ ID NO: 28) (consecutive amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 9) 2~24 An exemplary WT corresponding to RAS peptide), "G12V" can be 28 The actual position of the underlined glycine is 11 Even if 28The underlined glycine Balin refers to the substitution 。

[0024] Examples of full-length RAS proteins containing the G12V mutation are shown in Table 1 below.

[0025] [Table 1]

[0026] In embodiments of the present invention, a TCR has antigen specificity for a RAS peptide having the above-described G12V mutation, wherein the mutant RAS peptide has any length. In embodiments of the present invention, the mutant RAS peptide has any length suitable for binding to any of the HLA class I molecules described herein. For example, a TCR may have antigen specificity for a RAS peptide having a G12V mutation, wherein the RAS peptide has a length of about 9 to about 10 amino acid residues. The mutant RAS peptide may comprise any consecutive amino acid residues of a mutant RAS protein containing the G12V mutation. In embodiments of the present invention, a TCR may have antigen specificity for a RAS peptide having a G12V mutation, wherein the mutant RAS peptide has a length of about 9 or about 10 amino acid residues. An example of a specific peptide having G12V that can be recognized by the G12V TCR of the present invention is, for example, the 9-mer AVGVGKSAL (SEQ ID NO: 29) within the 24-mer MTEYKLVVVGAVGVGKSALTIQLI (SEQ ID NO: 30), of which SEQ ID NOs: 26 and 27 are the WT versions of the peptide, respectively. In embodiments of the invention, the TCR has antigen specificity for the mutated human RAS amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 or 30. In embodiments of the invention, the TCR does not have antigen specificity for the wild-type human RAS amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 or SEQ ID NO: 27. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the 24-mer of SEQ ID NO: 30 may be processed and presented in smaller segments, such as SEQ ID NO: 29.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the TCRs of the present invention can recognize G12VRAS presented by HLA class I molecules. In this regard, the TCRs can induce an immune response in the context of HLA class I molecules upon binding to G12VRAS. The TCRs of the present invention can recognize G12VRAS presented by HLA class I molecules and can bind to HLA class I molecules in addition to G12VRAS.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the HLA class I molecule is an HLA-C molecule. The HLA-C molecule is a heterodimer of an α chain and β2 microglobulin. The HLA-C α chain can be encoded by the HLA-A gene. β2 microglobulin non-covalently binds to the alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 domains of the alpha chain to form the HLA-A complex. C The molecule can be any HLA- C In one embodiment of the present invention, the HLA class I molecule is an HLA-C01 molecule. The HLA-C01 molecule may be any HLA-C01 molecule. Examples of HLA-C01 molecules include HLA-C * 01:0 2 may include:

[0029] For example, the TCRs of the present invention may provide any one or more of a variety of advantages, including when expressed by cells used for adoptive cell transfer. Mutant RAS is expressed by cancer cells and not by healthy, non-cancer cells. Without being bound by a particular theory or mechanism, it is believed that the TCRs of the present invention advantageously target the destruction of cancer cells while minimizing or eliminating the destruction of healthy, non-cancer cells, thereby reducing toxicity. Furthermore, the TCRs of the present invention may successfully and advantageously treat or prevent mutant RAS-positive cancers that do not respond to other types of treatment, such as chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. RAS G12The mutation is one of the most common hotspot mutations found in many cancer types. For example, the KRAS G12V mutation occurs in approximately 27% and 9% of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer patients, respectively. Furthermore, members of the RAS family share the G12 hotspot mutation in different cancer types (e.g., NRAS in melanoma). Additionally, the TCR of the present invention provides high-affinity recognition of mutant RAS, which is consistent with the recognition of unmanipulated tumor cells (e.g., tumor cells that have not been treated with interferon (IFN)γ, mutant RAS, and HLA-C. * 01:02, or a combination thereof). * The 01:02 allele is expressed in approximately 6% and approximately 10% of Caucasian and Hispanic individuals, respectively, and in up to approximately 40% of Asian individuals in the United States. Therefore, the TCRs of the present invention are HLA-C TCRs that may not be suitable for immunotherapy using TCRs that recognize RAS presented by other MHC molecules. * This may increase the number of cancer patients eligible for immunotherapy, including those who express the 01:02 allele. Furthermore, the TCRs, polypeptides, and proteins of the present invention comprise human amino acid sequences, which may reduce the risk of rejection by the human immune system compared to, for example, TCRs, polypeptides, and proteins comprising murine amino acid sequences.

[0030] As used herein, the phrase "antigen specificity" means that a TCR can specifically bind to and immunologically recognize a mutant RAS with high avidity. For example, approximately 1 x 10 TCR-expressing cells can be co-cultured with (a) antigen-negative HLA class I molecule-positive target cells pulsed with a low concentration of mutant RAS peptide (e.g., about 0.05 ng / mL to about 10 ng / mL, 1 ng / mL, 2 ng / mL, 5 ng / mL, 8 ng / mL, 10 ng / mL, or a range defined by any two of the foregoing values), or (b) antigen-negative HLA class I molecule-positive target cells into which a nucleotide sequence encoding the mutant RAS has been introduced so that the target cells express the mutant RAS. 4 ~Approx. 1×10 5 A TCR may be considered to have "antigen specificity" for a mutant RAS if T cells secrete IFN-γ of at least about 200 pg / mL or more (e.g., 200 pg / mL or more, 300 pg / mL or more, 400 pg / mL or more, 500 pg / mL or more, 600 pg / mL or more, 700 pg / mL or more, 1000 pg / mL or more, 5,000 pg / mL or more, 7,000 pg / mL or more, 10,000 pg / mL or more, 20,000 pg / mL or more, or a range defined by any two of the foregoing values). Cells expressing the TCRs of the invention may also secrete IFN-γ upon co-culture with antigen-negative, HLA class I molecule-positive target cells pulsed with higher concentrations of mutant RAS peptide. The HLA class I molecule may be any of the HLA class I molecules described herein (e.g., HLA-C * 01:02 molecules).

[0031] Alternatively or additionally, a TCR may be considered to have "antigen specificity" for G12VRAS if, upon co-culture with (a) antigen-negative HLA-class I molecule-positive target cells pulsed with a low concentration of mutant RAS peptide, or (b) antigen-negative HLA class I molecule-positive target cells into which a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant RAS has been introduced such that the target cells express the mutant RAS, T cells expressing the TCR secrete at least twice as much IFN-γ as the amount of IFN-γ expressed by a negative control. The negative control may be, for example, (i) T cells expressing a TCR cocultured with (a) antigen-negative, HLA class I molecule-positive target cells pulsed with the same concentration of an irrelevant peptide (e.g., some other peptide containing a different sequence from the mutant RAS peptide) or (b) antigen-negative, HLA class I molecule-positive target cells into which a nucleotide sequence encoding an irrelevant peptide has been introduced so that the target cells express the irrelevant peptide; or (ii) non-transduced T cells (e.g., derived from PBMCs that do not express a TCR) cocultured with (a) antigen-negative, HLA class I molecule-positive target cells pulsed with the same concentration of the mutant RAS peptide or (b) antigen-negative, HLA class I molecule-positive target cells into which a nucleotide sequence encoding the G12VRAS mutation has been introduced so that the target cells express the mutant RAS. The HLA class I molecule expressed by the negative control target cells is the same as the HLA class I molecule expressed by the target cells cocultured with the T cells being tested. The HLA class I molecule may be any of the HLA class I molecules described herein (e.g., HLA-C * 01:02 molecule). IFN-γ secretion can be measured by methods known in the art, such as, for example, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

[0032] Alternatively or additionally, a TCR may be considered to have "antigen specificity" for a mutant RAS if, upon co-culture with (a) antigen-negative HLA class I molecule-positive target cells pulsed with a low concentration of a mutant RAS peptide, or (b) antigen-negative HLA class I molecule-positive target cells into which a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant RAS has been introduced such that the target cells express the mutant RAS, the number of T cells expressing the TCR secretes IFN-γ that is at least twice as high as the number of negative control T cells secreting IFN-γ. The HLA class I molecule, peptide concentration, and negative control may be as described herein for other aspects of the invention. The number of IFN-γ-secreting cells may be measured, for example, by methods known in the art, such as, for example, ELISPOT.

[0033] Alternatively or additionally, a TCR may be considered to have "antigen specificity" for a mutant RAS if T cells expressing the TCR upregulate expression of one or more T cell activation markers, e.g., as measured by flow cytometry after stimulation with target cells expressing the mutant RAS. Examples of T cell activation markers include 4-1BB, OX40, CD107a, CD69, and cytokines that are upregulated upon antigen stimulation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2, etc.).

[0034] One embodiment of the present invention provides a TCR comprising two polypeptides (i.e., polypeptide chains), such as a TCR alpha (α) chain, a TCR beta (β) chain, a TCR gamma (γ) chain, a TCR delta (δ) chain, or a combination thereof. The TCR polypeptides of the present invention can comprise any amino acid sequence, provided that the TCR has antigen specificity for a mutant RAS. In some embodiments, the TCR is not naturally occurring.

[0035] In one embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprises two polypeptide chains, each of which comprises a variable region comprising TCR complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3. In one embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprises a first polypeptide chain comprising CDR1 (α-chain CDR1) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, CDR2 (α-chain CDR2) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and CDR3 (α-chain CDR3) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and a second polypeptide chain comprising CDR1 (β-chain CDR1) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, CDR2 (β-chain CDR2) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, and CDR3 (β-chain CDR3) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.

[0036] In another embodiment of the invention, the TCR comprises a CDR1 (CDR1 of the alpha chain) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, a CDR2 (CDR2 of the alpha chain) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, and a CDR1 of SEQ ID NO: 33. 33 CDR3 containing the amino acid sequence (CDR3 of α chain) a first polypeptide chain comprising and CDR1 (β chain CDR1) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 , SEQ ID NO: 3 of 5 CDR2 containing the amino acid sequence (CDR2 of the β chain) , and SEQ ID NO: 3 of 6 CDR3 containing amino acid sequence (CDR3 of the β chain) a second polypeptide chain comprising Contains .

[0037] In another embodiment of the invention, the TCR comprises a CDR1 (CDR1 of the alpha chain) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, a CDR2 (CDR2 of the alpha chain) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, and a CDR3 (CDR4 of the alpha chain) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66. No. 6 6 a first polypeptide chain comprising a CDR3 (α chain CDR3) comprising the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 67 CDR1 containing the amino acid sequence (CDR1 of the β chain) , SEQ ID NO: 68 Contains the amino acid sequence CDR2 (CDR2 of the β chain) and SEQ ID NO: 69 Contains the amino acid sequence CDR3 (β chain CDR3 )of a second polypeptide chain comprising include .

[0038] In this regard, the TCR of the present invention may comprise any one or more amino acid sequences selected from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, 31 to 36, and 64 to 69. In one embodiment of the present invention, the TCR comprises (a) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3, (b) all of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6. 、( (c) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33, (d) all of SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36, (e) SEQ ID NOs: No. 6 4~66 All of (f) all of SEQ ID NOs: 67 to 69, (g) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, (h) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 36, or (i) all of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 69 Contains the amino acid sequence In a particularly preferred embodiment, the TCR is : (i) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, (ii) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 36, or (iii) all of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 69.

[0039] The CDR3 of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 6, 33, 36, 66, and 69, i.e., the CDRs of the α chain or β chain or both, may further comprise a cysteine ​​immediately N-terminal to the first amino acid of the CDR or a phenylalanine immediately C-terminal to the final amino acid, or both.

[0040] In an embodiment of the invention, the TCR comprises the amino acid sequence of a variable region of a TCR comprising the CDRs defined above. The TCR may comprise a human variable region, e.g., a human α chain variable region and a human β chain variable region. In this regard, the TCR may comprise, for example, the following amino acid sequences: SEQ ID NO: 7 (variable region of the α chain of 4391 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 90 (variable region of the α chain of 4391 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 8 (variable region of the β chain of 4391 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 91 (variable region of the β chain of 4391 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide). ; distributionSEQ ID NO: 37 (variable region of the alpha chain of the 4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 92 (variable region of the alpha chain of the 4385 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 38 (variable region of the beta chain of the 4385 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 93 (variable region of the beta chain of the 4385 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 70 (variable region of the alpha chain of the 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 132 (variable region of the alpha chain of the 4394 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 71 (variable region of the beta chain of the 4394 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 133 (variable region of the beta chain of the 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 47 (variable region of the alpha chain of the 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 94 (variable region of the 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP) SEQ ID NO: 48 (variable region of the beta chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 95 (variable region of the beta chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by SignalP); SEQ ID NO: 49 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 96 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP );SEQ ID NO:50 (variable region of the beta chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO:97 (variable region of the beta chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP); SEQ ID NO:72 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO:88 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP); SEQ ID NO:73 (variable region of the beta chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO:89 (variable region of the beta chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by SignalP); both SEQ ID NOs:7 and 8; both SEQ ID NOs:7 and 91; both SEQ ID NOs:90 and 8; both SEQ ID NOs:90 and 91; SEQ ID NO:37 and 38; both SEQ ID NOs: 37 and 93; both SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 38; both SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 93; both SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 71; both SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 133; both SEQ ID NOs: 132 and 71; both SEQ ID NOs: 132 and 133; both SEQ ID NOs: 47 and 48; both SEQ ID NOs: 94 and 95; both SEQ ID NOs: 49 and 50; both SEQ ID NOs: 96 and 97; both SEQ ID NOs: 72 and 73; or both SEQ ID NOs: 88 and 89. Preferably, the TCR comprises (i) both SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8; (ii) both SEQ ID NOs: 90 and 91; (iii) both SEQ ID NOs: 37 and 38; (iv) both SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 93; (v) both SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 71; (vi) both SEQ ID NOs: 132 and 133; (vii) both SEQ ID NOs: 47 and 48; (viii) both SEQ ID NOs: 94 and 95; (ix) both SEQ ID NOs: 49 and 50; (x) both SEQ ID NOs: 96 and 97; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs: 72 and 73; or (xii) both SEQ ID NOs: 88 and 89.

[0041] The TCRs of the present invention may further comprise an alpha chain constant region and a beta chain constant region. The constant regions may be derived from any suitable species, such as, for example, human or mouse. In one embodiment of the present invention, the TCR further comprises mouse alpha and beta chain constant regions or human alpha and beta chain constant regions. As used herein, the terms "mouse" or "human," when referring to a TCR or any component of a TCR described herein (e.g., CDRs, variable region, constant region, alpha chain, and / or beta chain), refer to a TCR (or component thereof) derived from a mouse or a human, respectively, i.e., a TCR (or component thereof) that originates from or was once expressed in a mouse T cell or a human T cell, respectively.

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention provide chimeric TCRs comprising a human variable region and a mouse constant region, wherein the TCR has antigen specificity for a mutated human RAS amino acid sequence presented by an HLA class I molecule. The mouse constant region may provide any one or more advantages. For example, the mouse constant region may reduce mispairing with the endogenous TCR of a host cell into which the TCR of the present invention is introduced. Alternatively, or additionally, the mouse constant region may increase expression of the TCR of the present invention compared to the same TCR with a human constant region. The chimeric TCR may consist of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 (wild-type (WT) mouse α chain constant region), SEQ ID NO: 20 (WT mouse β chain constant region), or both SEQ ID NOs: 19 and 20. Preferably, the TCR of the present invention comprises the amino acid sequences of both SEQ ID NOs: 19 and 20. The chimeric TCR may comprise any of the mouse constant regions described herein in combination with any of the CDR regions as described herein with respect to other aspects of the invention. In this regard, the TCR may consist of, for example, the amino acid sequence: (a) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3 and 19; (b) all of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6 and 20; (c) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33 and 19; (d) all of SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36 and 20; (e) all of SEQ ID NOs: No. 6 4 to 66 and 19 All of (f) all of SEQ ID NOs: 67 to 69 and 20; (g) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6 and 19 to 20 All of(h) all of SEQ ID NOS: 31-36 and 19-20; or all of SEQ ID NOS: 64-69. In another embodiment of the invention, the chimeric TCR may comprise any of the murine constant regions described herein, for example, in combination with any of the variable regions described herein with respect to other aspects of the invention. In this regard, the TCR may be composed of the following amino acid sequences: (i) both SEQ ID NOS: 7 and 19; (ii) both SEQ ID NOS: 90 and 19; (iii) both SEQ ID NOS: 8 and 20; (iv) both SEQ ID NOS: 91 and 20; (v ) distribution (xiv) all of SEQ ID NOs: 90-91 and 19-20; (xv) all of SEQ ID NOs: 37-38 and 19-20; (xvi) all of SEQ ID NOs: 92-93 and 19-20; or (xvii) all of SEQ ID NOs: 70-71 and 19-20; or (xviii) all of SEQ ID NOs: 132-133 and 19-20.

[0043] In another embodiment of the invention, the TCR comprises the following amino acid sequences: SEQ ID NO: 23 (alpha chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and WT N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 102 (alpha chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and mutant N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 24 (beta chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and mutant N-terminal signal peptide). , distribution Row 103 (β chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and WT N-terminal signal peptide) , distribution SEQ ID NO: 39 (alpha chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and WT N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 108 (alpha chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and mutant N-terminal signal peptide) , distributionSEQ ID NO: 40 (β chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and mutant N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 109 (β chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and WT N-terminal signal peptide) , distribution SEQ ID NO: 78 (alpha chain of 4394 TCR with WT mouse constant region and WT N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 138 (alpha chain of 4394 TCR with WT mouse constant region and mutant N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 79 (beta chain of 4394 TCR with WT mouse constant region and WT N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 79 (beta chain of 4394 TCR with WT mouse constant region and mutant N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 139 (beta chain of 4394 TCR with WT mouse constant region and WT N-terminal signal peptide), SEQ ID NO: 51 (WT mouse constant region areaSEQ ID NO: 114 (alpha chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP), SEQ ID NO: 52 (beta chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), SEQ ID NO: 115 (beta chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP), SEQ ID NO: 53 (alpha chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), SEQ ID NO: 120 (beta chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and with N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), SEQ ID NO: 20 (4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP). TCR), SEQ ID NO: 54 (beta chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT), SEQ ID NO: 121 (beta chain of 4385 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), SEQ ID NO: 80 (alpha chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT), SEQ ID NO: 146 (alpha chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), SEQ ID NO: 81 (beta chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT), SEQ ID NO: 147 (beta chain of 4391 TCR with WT mouse constant region and without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), both SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, both SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 103, both SEQ ID NOs: 102 and 24, both SEQ ID NOs: 102 and 103 , distribution Both SEQ ID NOs: 39 and 40, both SEQ ID NOs: 39 and 109, both SEQ ID NOs: 108 and 40, both SEQ ID NOs: 108 and 109, both SEQ ID NOs: 78 and 79, both SEQ ID NOs: 78 and 139, both SEQ ID NOs: 138 and 79, SEQ ID NOs: No. 138 and 139, both SEQ ID NOs: 51 and 52, both SEQ ID NOs: 114 and 115, both SEQ ID NOs: 53-54, both SEQ ID NOs: 120 and 121, both SEQ ID NOs: 80 and 81, or both SEQ ID NOs: 146 and 147.

[0044] In embodiments of the invention, a TCR comprises an α chain comprising a variable region and a constant region, and a β chain comprising a variable region and a constant region. In this regard, a TCR may, for example, comprise (a) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 (the α chain of 4391TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; or (b) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:100 (the α chain of 4391TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide). (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (c) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 (β chain of 4391 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 22 is Ser or Cys; (d) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 (4391 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide). (e) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 (the alpha chain of 4385 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp;(iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (f) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106 (4385 with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (g) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42 (β chain of 4385 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 42 is Ser or Cys; (h) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107, (4385 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide). (i) SEQ ID NO: 107 (β chain of 4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); (i) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 (the α chain of 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein (i) the X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Thr or Cys; (ii) the X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) the X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) the X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (j) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 136 (the α chain of 4394 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein (i) the X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Thr or Cys; (ii) the X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) the X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (k) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75 (β chain of 4394 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys. ;( l) SEQ ID NO: 137 ( β chain of 4394 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide ) wherein SEQ ID NO: 137(r) both (j) and (l); (s) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 (the α chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT); wherein (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 55 Xis Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (t) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (u) SEQ ID NO: 56 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT). (v) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113 (the β chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 113 is Ser or Cys; (w) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57 (the β chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT). (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (x) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118 (4385 nucleotides excluding the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP). (i) X at position 161 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp;(iii) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 228 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (y) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58 (the β chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 58 is Ser or Cys; (z) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 119 (the β chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 178 of SEQ ID NO: 119 is Ser or Cys; (aa) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76 (the α chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO:76 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO:76 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO:76 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO:76 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (bb) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:144 (4394 nucleotides excluding the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP) (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (cc) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 (the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 77 is Ser or Cys;(dd) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145 (the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein X at position 166 of SEQ ID NO: 145 is Ser or Cys; (ee) both (s) and (u); (ff) both (t) and (v); (gg) both (w) and (y); (hh) both (x)) and (z); (hh) both (aa) and (cc); or (ii) both (bb) and (dd). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 21 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 23 (the unsubstituted α chain of 4391 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 100 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 102 (the unsubstituted α chain of 4391 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 22 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 24 (the unsubstituted β chain of 4391 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 101 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 103 (the unsubstituted β chain of 4391 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 41 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 39 (the unsubstituted α chain of 4385 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 106 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 108 (the unsubstituted α chain of 4385 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 42 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 40 (the unsubstituted β chain of 4385 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 107 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 109 (the unsubstituted β chain of 4385 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 74 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 78 (the unsubstituted α chain of 4394 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 136 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 138 (the unsubstituted α chain of 4394 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 75 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 79 (the unsubstituted β chain of 4394 TCR). In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 137 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 139 (unsubstituted β chain of 4394 TCR);

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the TCR comprises a substituted constant region. In this regard, the TCR may comprise, for example, the amino acid sequence of any of the TCRs described herein, comprising one, two, three, or four amino acid substitutions in one or both of the α and β chain constant regions. Preferably, the TCR comprises a murine constant region comprising one, two, three, or four amino acid substitutions in one or both of the α and β chain murine constant regions. In particularly preferred embodiments, the TCR comprises a murine constant region comprising one, two, three, or four amino acid substitutions in the murine constant region of the α chain and one amino acid substitution in the murine constant region of the β chain. In some embodiments, the TCR comprising the substituted constant region advantageously exhibits a mutant RAS activity compared to a parent TCR comprising an unsubstituted (wild-type) constant region. + and / or increased target recognition, increased expression by host cells, decreased mispairing with endogenous TCRs, and increased anti-tumor activity. Generally, the substituted amino acid sequences of the murine constant regions of the TCR α and β chains, SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, respectively, correspond to all or a portion of the unsubstituted murine constant region amino acid sequence, with SEQ ID NO: 17 having 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acid substitutions when compared to SEQ ID NO: 19, and SEQ ID NO: 18 having 1 amino acid substitution when compared to SEQ ID NO: 20. In this regard, one embodiment of the present invention provides a TCR comprising the amino acid sequence of: (a) SEQ ID NO: 17 (α chain constant region); (i) X at position 48 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 114 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 115 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) SEQ ID NO: 18 (β chain constant region) wherein X at position 57 is Ser or Cys; or (c) both SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18. In one embodiment of the present invention, a TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 17 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 19 (unsubstituted murine constant region of the α chain). In one embodiment of the invention, the TCR comprising SEQ ID NO: 18 does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 20 (unsubstituted murine constant region of the β chain).

[0046] The first amino acid of any of the murine alpha constant regions described herein can be different from N as provided in SEQ ID NOs: 17, 19, and 98. For example, in any of the TCR constructs, polypeptides, proteins, etc. described herein, this first amino acid can be encoded by a split codon (having nucleotides from both the variable and constant regions) such that any of the murine alpha constant regions can have a different amino acid at that position. For example, SEQ ID NOs: 21, 23, 39, 41, 51, 53, 55, 57, 74, 78, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 126, 134, 136, 138, or 140 can each have an H at the position corresponding to the first amino acid of the constant region. Similarly, the first amino acid of any of the murine beta constant regions described herein can be different from E as provided in SEQ ID NOs: 18, 20, and 99, e.g., this first amino acid can be encoded by a split codon.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the replaced constant region comprises a cysteine ​​substitution in one or both of the α and β chain constant regions to provide a cysteine-substituted TCR. Opposing cysteines in the α and β chains provide a disulfide bond interconnecting the α and β chain constant regions of the replaced TCR that is not present in a TCR comprising an unsubstituted mouse constant region. In this regard, the TCR may be, for example, a cysteine-substituted TCR in which one or both of the native Thr at position 48 of SEQ ID NO: 19 (Thr48) and the native Ser at position 57 of SEQ ID NO: 20 (Ser57) may be substituted with Cys. Preferably, both the native Thr at position 48 of SEQ ID NO: 19 and the native Ser at position 57 of SEQ ID NO: 20 are substituted with Cys. Exemplary cysteine-substituted TCR constant region sequences are shown in Table 2. In one embodiment of the invention, the cysteine ​​replaced TCR comprises (i) SEQ ID NO: 17, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 18, or (iii) both SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, where both SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 are as defined in Table 2. The cysteine ​​replaced TCRs of the invention may comprise a replaced constant region in addition to any of the CDRs or variable regions described herein.

[0048] In an embodiment of the invention, the cysteine-substituted chimeric TCR comprises a full-length alpha chain and a full-length beta chain. Exemplary alpha and beta chain sequences for cysteine-substituted chimeric TCRs are shown in Table 2. In one embodiment of the invention, the TCR comprises: (i) SEQ ID NO:21; (ii) SEQ ID NO:22; (iii) SEQ ID NO:100; (iv) SEQ ID NO:101; (v) SEQ ID NO:41; (vi) SEQ ID NO:42; (vii) SEQ ID NO:106; (viii) SEQ ID NO: 107; (i) SEQ ID NO: 74, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 75, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 136, (iv) SEQ ID NO: 137 ;( ix) both SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 22, (x) SEQ ID NO: 100 and (xi) both SEQ ID NOs: 41 and 42; (xii) both SEQ ID NOs: 106 and 107; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs: 74 and 75; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs: 136 and 137; (xiii) SEQ ID NO: 55; (xiv) SEQ ID NO: 56; (xv) SEQ ID NO: 112; (xvi) SEQ ID NO: 113; (xvii) SEQ ID NO: 57; (xviii) SEQ ID NO: 58; (xix) SEQ ID NO: 118; (xx) SEQ ID NO: 119; (xiii) SEQ ID NO: 76; (xiv) SEQ ID NO: 77; (xv) SEQ ID NO: 144; (xvi) SEQ ID NO: 145; (xxi) both SEQ ID NOs: 55 and 56; (xxii) both SEQ ID NOs: 112 and 113; (xxiii) SEQ ID NOs: No. 5 (xxiv) both SEQ ID NOs: 118 and 119; (xxi) both SEQ ID NOs: 76 and 77; (xxii) both SEQ ID NOs: 144 and 145; wherein SEQ ID NOs: 21, 22, 41, 42, 55-58, 74-77, 100, 101, 106, 107, 112, 113, 118, 119, 136, 137, 144 and 145 are all as defined in Table 2.

[0049] [Table 2-1]

[0050] [Table 2-2]

[0051] [Table 2-3]

[0052] [Table 2-4]

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the substituted amino acid sequence comprises the substitution of one, two, or three amino acids in the transmembrane (TM) domain of one or both of the α and β chain constant regions with hydrophobic amino acids, providing a hydrophobic amino acid substituted TCR (also referred to herein as an "LVL-modified TCR"). The hydrophobic amino acid substitution in the TM domain of the TCR may increase the hydrophobicity of the TM domain of the TCR compared to a TCR lacking the hydrophobic amino acid substitution in the TM domain. In this regard, the TCR is an LVL-modified TCR, in which one, two, or three of native Ser112, Met114, and Gly115 of SEQ ID NO: 19 may be independently substituted with Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; preferably with Leu, Ile, or Val. Preferably, all three of the native Ser112, Met114, and Gly115 of SEQ ID NO: 19 may be substituted independently with Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; preferably with Leu, Ile, or Val, and the native Ser57 of SEQ ID NO: 20 is substituted with Cys. In one embodiment of the invention, the LVL-modified TCR comprises (i) SEQ ID NO: 17, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 18, or (iii) both SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, both of which are as defined in Table 3. The LVL-modified TCRs of the invention may comprise a substituted constant region in addition to any of the CDRs or variable regions described herein.

[0054] In embodiments of the invention, the LVL-modified TCR comprises a full-length alpha chain and a full-length beta chain. Exemplary sequences of LVL-modified TCR alpha and beta chains are set forth in Table 3. In embodiments of the invention, the TCR may be selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:21, (ii) SEQ ID NO:22, (iii) SEQ ID NO:100, (iv) SEQ ID NO:101, (v) SEQ ID NO:41, (vi) SEQ ID NO:42, (vii) SEQ ID NO:106, (viii) SEQ ID NO:107, (i) SEQ ID NO:74, (ii) SEQ ID NO:75, (iii) SEQ ID NO:136, (iv) SEQ ID NO:137; (ix) both SEQ ID NOs:21 and 22; (x) both SEQ ID NOs:100 and 101; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs:41 and 42; (xii) both SEQ ID NOs:106 and 107; (xi) SEQ ID NO: (xi) both SEQ ID NOs: 74 and 75; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs: 136 and 137; (xiii) SEQ ID NO: 55; (xiv) SEQ ID NO: 56; (xv) SEQ ID NO: 112; (xvi) SEQ ID NO: 113; (xvii) SEQ ID NO: 57; (xviii) SEQ ID NO: 58; (xix) SEQ ID NO: 118; (xx) SEQ ID NO: 119; (xiii) SEQ ID NO: 76; (xiv) SEQ ID NO: 77; (xv) SEQ ID NO: 144; (xvi) SEQ ID NO: 145; (xxi) both SEQ ID NOs: 55 and 56; (xxii) both SEQ ID NOs: 112 and 113; (xxiii) both SEQ ID NOs. (xxiv) both SEQ ID NOs: 118 and 119; (xxi) both SEQ ID NOs: 76 and 77; (xxii) both SEQ ID NOs: 144 and 145; wherein SEQ ID NOs: 21, 22, 41, 42, 55-58, 74-77, 100, 101, 106, 107, 112, 113, 118, 119, 136, 137, 144 and 145 are all as defined in Table 3.

[0055] [Table 3-1]

[0056] [Table 3-2]

[0057] [Table 3-3]

[0058] [Table 3-4]

[0059] [Table 3-5]

[0060] [Table 3-6]

[0061] [Table 3-7]

[0062] In embodiments of the invention, the substituted amino acid sequence comprises a cysteine ​​substitution in one or both of the α and β chain constant regions and substitution(s) of one, two, or three amino acids in the transmembrane (TM) domain of one or both of the α and β chain constant regions with hydrophobic amino acids (hereinafter also referred to as "cysteine-substituted LVL-modified TCRs"). In this regard, the TCR comprises a TCR in which native Thr48 of SEQ ID NO: 19 is replaced with Cys; one, two, or three of native Ser112, Met114, and Gly115 of SEQ ID NO: 19 are replaced, independently, with 、Aand native Ser57 of SEQ ID NO:20 is substituted with Cys. Preferably, all three of native Ser112, Met114, and Gly115 of SEQ ID NO:19 may be independently substituted with Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; preferably with Leu, Ile, or Val. In embodiments of the invention, the cysteine-substituted LVL-modified TCR comprises (i) SEQ ID NO:17, (ii) SEQ ID NO:18, or (iii) both SEQ ID NOs:17 and 18, wherein both SEQ ID NOs:17 and 18 are as defined in Table 4. The cysteine-substituted LVL-modified TCRs of the invention may comprise a substituted constant region in addition to any of the CDRs or variable regions described herein.

[0063] In embodiments, the cysteine ​​substituted LVL-modified TCR comprises a full-length α chain and a full-length β chain. In embodiments of the invention, the cysteine ​​substituted LVL-modified TCR is selected from the group consisting of (i) SEQ ID NO:21, (ii) SEQ ID NO:22, (iii) SEQ ID NO:100, (iv) SEQ ID NO:101; (v) SEQ ID NO:41, (vi) SEQ ID NO:42; (vii) SEQ ID NO:106; (viii) SEQ ID NO:107; (i) SEQ ID NO:74, (ii) SEQ ID NO:75, (iii) SEQ ID NO:136; (iv) SEQ ID NO:137; (ix) both SEQ ID NOs:21 and 22; (x) both SEQ ID NOs:100 and 101; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs:41 and 42; (xii) both SEQ ID NOs:106 and 107; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs:74 and 75; (xi) both SEQ ID NOs:136 and 137; (xiii) SEQ ID NO:55; (xiv) SEQ ID NO:56; (xv) SEQ ID NO:112; (xvi) SEQ ID NO: 113; (xvii) SEQ ID NO:57; (xviii) SEQ ID NO:58; (xix) SEQ ID NO:118; (xx) SEQ ID NO:119; (xiii) SEQ ID NO:76; (xiv) SEQ ID NO:77; (xv) SEQ ID NO:144; (xvi) SEQ ID NO:145; (xxi) both SEQ ID NOs:55 and 56; (xxii) both SEQ ID NOs:112 and 113; (xxiii) both SEQ ID NOs:57 and 58; (xxiv) both SEQ ID NOs:118 and 119, (xxi) both SEQ ID NOs:76 and 77; (xxii) both SEQ ID NOs:144 and 145; wherein SEQ ID NOs:21, 22, 41, 42, 55-58, 74-77, 100, 101, 106, 107, 112, 113, 118, 119, 136, 137, 144 and 145 are all as defined in Table 4.

[0064] [Table 4-1]

[0065] [Table 4-2]

[0066] [Table 4-3]

[0067] [Table 4-4]

[0068] [Table 4-5]

[0069] [Table 4-6]

[0070] [Table 4-7]

[0071] In an embodiment of the invention, the cysteine-substituted, LVL-modified TCR is (a) SEQ ID NO: 98 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain constant region of LVL-modified TCR); (b) SEQ ID NO: 99 (cysteine-substituted, β-chain constant region of LVL-modified TCR); (c) SEQ ID NO: 124 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal sequence); (d) SEQ ID NO: 125 (cysteine-substituted, β-chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal sequence); (e) SEQ ID NO: 128 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by IMGT); (f) SEQ ID NO: 129 (cysteine-substituted β-chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by IMGT); (g) SEQ ID NO: 116 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by SignalP); (h) SEQ ID NO: No. 117 (cysteine-substituted β chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR, without N-terminal signal sequence predicted by SignalP); (i) SEQ ID NO: 104 (cysteine-substituted α chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR, mutant N-terminal signal sequence); (j) SEQ ID NO: 105 (cysteine-substituted β chain of LVL-modified 4391 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal sequence); (k) both (a) and (b); (l) both (c) and (d); (m) both (e) and (f); (n) both (g) and (h); or (o) both (i) and (j).

[0072] In an embodiment of the invention, the cysteine-substituted, LVL-modified TCR is (a) SEQ ID NO: 98 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain constant region of LVL-modified TCR); (b) SEQ ID NO: 99 (cysteine-substituted, β-chain constant region of LVL-modified TCR); (c) SEQ ID NO: 126 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal sequence); (d) SEQ ID NO: 127 (cysteine-substituted, β-chain of LVL-modified 4385 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal sequence); (e) SEQ ID NO: 130 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4385 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by IMGT); (f) SEQ ID NO: 131 (cysteine-substituted β-chain of LVL-modified 4385 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by IMGT); (g) SEQ ID NO: 122 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4385 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by SignalP); (h) SEQ ID NO: 123 (Signal P Cysteine-substituted, LVL-modified 4385 TCR beta chain without predicted N-terminal signal sequence ); (i) SEQ ID NO: 110( with a mutant N-terminal signal sequence Cysteine-substituted LVL-modified 4385 TCR α chain) (j) SEQ ID NO: 111 (β chain of cysteine-substituted LVL-modified 4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal sequence); (k) both (a) and (b); (l) both (c) and (d); (m) both (e) and (f); (n) both (g) and (h); or (o) both (i) and (j).

[0073] In an embodiment of the invention, the cysteine-substituted, LVL-modified TCR is (a) SEQ ID NO: 98 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain constant region of LVL-modified TCR); (b) SEQ ID NO: 99 (cysteine-substituted, β-chain constant region of LVL-modified TCR); (c) SEQ ID NO: 134 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal sequence); (d) SEQ ID NO: 135 (cysteine-substituted, β-chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal sequence); (e) SEQ ID NO: 142 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by IMGT); (f) SEQ ID NO: 143 (cysteine-substituted, α-chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR without N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by IMGT). (g) SEQ ID NO: 148 (cysteine-substituted α chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal sequence predicted by SignalP); (h) SEQ ID NO: 149 (cysteine-substituted β chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal sequence predicted by SignalP); (i) SEQ ID NO: 140 (cysteine-substituted α chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal sequence); (j) SEQ ID NO: 141 (cysteine-substituted β chain of LVL-modified 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal sequence); (k) both (a) and (b); (l) both (c) and (d); (m) both (e) and (f); (n) both (g) and (h); or (o) both (i) and (j).

[0074] Embodiments of the invention also provide polypeptides comprising a functional portion of any of the TCRs described herein. As used herein, the term "polypeptide" includes oligopeptides and refers to a single chain of amino acids linked by one or more peptide bonds.

[0075] With respect to the polypeptides of the invention, a functional portion may be any portion comprising consecutive amino acids that are part of a TCR, provided that the functional portion specifically binds to a mutant RAS. When used in relation to a TCR, the term "functional portion" refers to any portion or fragment of a TCR of the invention, which portion or fragment retains the biological activity of the TCR of which it is a part (parent TCR). A functional portion may, for example, possess the ability to specifically bind to a mutant RAS (e.g., HLA-C * 01:02 molecule), or a portion of a TCR that retains the ability to detect, treat, or prevent cancer to a similar extent, the same extent, or a greater extent than the parent TCR. With respect to the parent TCR, a functional portion can comprise, for example, about 10%, about 25%, about 30%, about 50%, about 68%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95% or more of the parent TCR.

[0076] A functional portion may include additional amino acids at the amino or carboxy terminus of the portion, or at both termini. The additional amino acids are not found in the amino acid sequence of the parent TCR. Desirably, the additional amino acids do not interfere with the biological function of the functional portion, such as specifically binding to mutant RAS; and / or having the ability to detect, treat, or prevent cancer. More desirably, the additional amino acids enhance the biological activity of the functional portion compared to the biological activity of the parent TCR.

[0077] The polypeptide may comprise a functional portion of either or both of the α and β chains of the TCR of the present invention, such as a functional portion comprising one or more of CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the α and / or β chain variable regions of the TCR of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, the polypeptide may comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 (α chain CDR1), SEQ ID NO: 2 (α chain CDR2), SEQ ID NO: 3 (α chain CDR3), SEQ ID NO: 4 (β chain CDR1), SEQ ID NO: 5 (β chain CDR2), SEQ ID NO: 6 (β chain CDR3), or a combination thereof. In another embodiment of the present invention, the polypeptide may comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 (α chain CDR1), SEQ ID NO: 32 (α chain CDR2), SEQ ID NO: 33 (α chain CDR3), SEQ ID NO: 34 (β chain CDR1), SEQ ID NO: 35 (β chain CDR2), SEQ ID NO: 36 (β chain CDR3), or a combination thereof. In another embodiment of the present invention, the polypeptide may comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64 (CDR1 of the alpha chain), SEQ ID NO: 65 (CDR2 of the alpha chain), SEQ ID NO: 66 (CDR3 of the alpha chain), SEQ ID NO: 67 (CDR1 of the beta chain), SEQ ID NO: 68 (CDR2 of the beta chain), SEQ ID NO: 69 (CDR3 of the beta chain), or a combination thereof.

[0078] In this regard, the polypeptide of the present invention may comprise any one or more amino acid sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6 and 31 to 36. In one embodiment of the present invention, the TCR comprises the following amino acid sequences: (a) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3, (b) all of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6, (c) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33, (d) all of SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36, and (e) all of SEQ ID NOs: No. 6 4~66 All of, (f) all of SEQ ID NOs: 67 to 69, (g) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, (h) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 36, or (i) all of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 69. In particularly preferred embodiments, the TCR comprises the following amino acid sequences: (i) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, (ii) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 36, or (iii) all of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 69. The CDR3 of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 6, 33, 36, 66, and 69, i.e., the CDRs of the α chain or β chain or both, may further comprise a cysteine ​​immediately N-terminal to the first amino acid of the CDR or a phenylalanine immediately C-terminal to the final amino acid, or both.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the polypeptide of the present invention may comprise, for example, a variable region of a TCR of the present invention comprising a combination of the above-mentioned CDR regions. In this regard, the polypeptides may be selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:7 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4391 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:90 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4391 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:8 (variable region of the beta chain of 4391 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:91 (variable region of the beta chain of 4391 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:37 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:92 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4385 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:38 (variable region of the beta chain of 4385 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:93 (variable region of the beta chain of 4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:70 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4394 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO:132 (variable region of 4394 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide). SEQ ID NO: 71 (variable region of the beta chain of 4394 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 133 (variable region of the beta chain of 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide); SEQ ID NO: 47 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 94 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP); SEQ ID NO: 48 (variable region of the beta chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 95 (variable region of the beta chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by SignalP); SEQ ID NO: 49 (variable region of the alpha chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 96 (variable region of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP) SEQ ID NO: 50 (variable region of the β chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT);SEQ ID NO: 97 (variable region of the β chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP); SEQ ID NO: 72 (variable region of the α chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 88 (variable region of the α chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP); ; distribution SEQ ID NO: 73 (variable region of the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); SEQ ID NO: 89 (variable region of the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal sequence as predicted by SignalP); both SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8; both SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 91; both SEQ ID NOs: 90 and 8; both SEQ ID NOs: 90 and 91; SEQ ID NOs: 37 and 38 Both ; Array number No. 3 7 and 93 Both both SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 38; both SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 93; both SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 71; both SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 133; both SEQ ID NOs: 132 and 71; SEQ ID NOs: No. 1 both SEQ ID NOs: 32 and 133; both SEQ ID NOs: 47 and 48; both SEQ ID NOs: 94 and 95; both SEQ ID NOs: 49 and 50; both SEQ ID NOs: 96 and 97; both SEQ ID NOs: 72 and 73; or both SEQ ID NOs: 88 and 89.

[0080] In one embodiment of the invention, the polypeptide of the invention may further comprise the constant region of a TCR of the invention as described above. In this regard, the polypeptide may comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 (WT murine constant region of the α chain), SEQ ID NO: 20 (WT murine constant region of the β chain), SEQ ID NO: 17 (substituted murine constant region of the α chain), SEQ ID NO: 18 (substituted murine constant region of the β chain), both SEQ ID NOs: 19 and 20, or both SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18. Preferably, the polypeptide further comprises the amino acid sequences of both SEQ ID NOs: 19 and 20, or both SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, in combination with any of the CDR regions or variable regions described herein with respect to other aspects of the invention.

[0081] In an embodiment of the invention, the polypeptide has (a) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, wherein (i) X at position 48 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 112 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 114 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 115 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) X at position 57 of SEQ ID NO: 18 is Ser or Cys; or (c) comprises both the amino acid sequences of (a) and (b). In embodiments of the invention, one or both of the polypeptides SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 are as defined in any one of Tables 2-4. The alpha chain constant regions provided herein are designated with an N-terminal asparagine. In some embodiments, the N-terminal amino acid of the alpha chain constant regions described herein is aspartic acid.

[0082] In embodiments of the invention, the polypeptides of the invention may comprise the full-length α or β chain of a TCR as described herein. In this regard, the polypeptides of the invention may comprise the full-length α or β chain of a TCR as described herein. 2、 SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 125, SEQ ID NO: 105, both SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 22, both SEQ ID NOs: 100 and 101, both SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, SEQ ID NOs: 102 and 103 Both , sequence number No. 1 SEQ ID NO: 24 and 125, both SEQ ID NO: 104 and 105, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 115, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO: No. 129, SEQ ID NO:117, both SEQ ID NOs:55 and 56, both SEQ ID NOs:112 and 113, both SEQ ID NOs:51 and 52, both SEQ ID NOs:114 and 115, both SEQ ID NOs:128 and 129, or both SEQ ID NOs:116 and 117. In this regard, polypeptides of the invention also include SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:108, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO: No. 1 09, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 111, both SEQ ID NOs: 41 and 42, both SEQ ID NOs: 106 and 107, both SEQ ID NOs: 39 and 40, SEQ ID NOs: 108 and 109 Both , sequence number No. 1 26 and 127, both SEQ ID NOs:110 and 111, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:118, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:119, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:120, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:130, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO: 131, SEQ ID NO: 123, Preferably, both of SEQ ID NOs: 57 and 58, both of SEQ ID NOs: 118 and 119, both of SEQ ID NOs: 53 and 54, both of SEQ ID NOs: 120 and 121, both of SEQ ID NOs: 130 and 131, or both of SEQ ID NOs: 122 and 123. In this regard, polypeptides of the invention also include SEQ ID NOs: 74, 136, 75, 137, 78, 138, 79, 13 9、 SEQ ID NO: 134, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 141, both SEQ ID NOs: 74 and 75, both SEQ ID NOs: 136 and 137, SEQ ID NOs: 78 and 79 Both , SEQ ID NOs: 138 and 139 Both , sequence number No. 1 34 and 135, both SEQ ID NOs: 140 and 141, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 147, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 148, SEQ ID NO: No. 143, SEQ ID NO: 149, both SEQ ID NOs: 76 and 77, both SEQ ID NOs: 144 and 145, both SEQ ID NOs: 80 and 81, both SEQ ID NOs: 146 and 147, both SEQ ID NOs: 142 and 143, or both SEQ ID NOs: 148 and 149. Alternatively, the polypeptides of the invention may comprise both chains of a TCR as described herein.

[0085] In an embodiment of the invention, the polypeptide comprises: (a) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein: (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (b) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:100 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide). (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; is Mand (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (c) SEQ ID NO: 22 (the beta chain of 4391 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 22 is Ser or Cys; (d) SEQ ID NO: 101 (the beta chain of 4391 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 101 is Ser or Cys; (e) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 (the beta chain of 4391 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide). (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (f) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106 (the alpha chain of 4385 TCR with a variant N-terminal signal peptide). (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO:106 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO:106 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO:106 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO:106 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (g) SEQ ID NO:42 (beta chain of 4385 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO:42 is Ser or Cys; (h) SEQ ID NO:107 (4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide). (i) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 (the alpha chain of 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 107 is Ser or Cys; 、(i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is , Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (j) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 136 (4394 with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide) (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (k) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75 (β chain of 4394 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys; (l) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137 (β chain of 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide). (r) both (j) and (l); (s) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT); wherein (i) SEQ ID NO: 5 (ii) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (t) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; 2 The alpha chain contains the amino acid sequence( (the α chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Pheor Trp; and (iv) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (u) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 (the β chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 56 is Ser or Cys; (v) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113 (the β chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP), wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 113 is Ser or Cys; (w) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57 (the β chain of 4395 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT). (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (x) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118 (the 4385 amino acid sequence not including the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP). (ii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Met, Ala, Val, Ile, Met, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 228 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (y) SEQ ID NO: 58 (beta chain of 4385 TCR without N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 58 is Ser or Cys; (z) SEQ ID NO: 119 (beta chain of 4385 TCR without N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT). β chain of TCR), wherein X at position 178 of SEQ ID NO: 119 is Ser or Cys;(aa) SEQ ID NO: 76 (the alpha chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT), in which (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; and (iv) SEQ ID NO:; 76 (bb) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144 (the alpha chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144 (the alpha chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; 144 226th place X is Mand (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (cc) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 (the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 77 is Ser or Cys; (dd) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145 (the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT) (the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP). (ii) both (bb) and (dd). In an embodiment of the invention, any one or more of the polypeptides SEQ ID NOs: 21, 22, 41, 42, 55-58, 74-77, 100, 101, 106, 107, 112, 113, 118, 119, 136, 137, 144 and 145 are as defined in any one of Tables 2-4.

[0086] The present invention further provides proteins comprising at least one polypeptide as described herein. "Protein" means a molecule comprising one or more polypeptide chains.

[0087] In an embodiment, the protein of the present invention comprises: (a) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6; or (b) a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 31~33 a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence and SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36or (c) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 66 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 67 to 69. Examples of CDRs include CDR3 of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 6, 33, 36, 66, and 69, i.e., the CDRs of the α chain or the β chain or both. 3 may further comprise a cysteine ​​immediately N-terminal to the first amino acid of the CDR or a phenylalanine immediately C-terminal to the final amino acid, or both.

[0088] In another embodiment of the invention, the protein comprises: (i) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8; (ii) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:90 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; (iii) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:91; (iv) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:90 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8; (v) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37. a first polypeptide chain and comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 a second polypeptide chain; (vi) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93; (vii) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93(viii) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; (i) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71; (ii) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 132 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 133; (iii) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 133; (iv) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 132 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71; (ix) an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 (x) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95; (xi) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; (xii) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97; (ix) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73; or (x) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88 and a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89.

[0089] The proteins of the invention may further comprise any of the constant regions described herein with respect to other aspects of the invention. In this regard, in one embodiment of the invention, the first polypeptide chain may further comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the second polypeptide chain may further comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; in an embodiment of the invention, the first polypeptide chain may further comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the second polypeptide chain may further comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20.

[0090] In embodiments of the invention, the protein comprises: (a) a first polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, wherein (i) X at position 48 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 112 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 114 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; and (iv) X at position 115 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is GIy, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (b) a second polypeptide chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, wherein X at position 57 of SEQ ID NO: 18 is Ser or Cys; or (c) both (a) and (b). In an embodiment of the invention, one or both of the protein SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 are as defined in any one of Tables 2-4.

[0091] Alternatively or additionally, proteins of the present invention may comprise (a) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein: (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO:21 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (b) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:100 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide). (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (c) SEQ ID NO: 22 (beta chain of 4391 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 22 is Ser or Cys; (d) SEQ ID NO: 101 (4391 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide). (e) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 (alpha chain of 4385 TCR with wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 101 is Ser or Cys;(i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (f) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106 (4385 with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide) (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (g) SEQ ID NO: 42 (beta chain of 4385 TCR with a mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 42 is Ser or Cys; (h) SEQ ID NO: 107 (beta chain of 4385 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide). (i) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 (the alpha chain of 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) SEQ ID NO:. 74(j) an α chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 136 (α chain of 4394 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (k) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75 (α chain of 4394 TCR with mutant N-terminal signal peptide), wherein (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; TCR β chain), wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys. Ru( (l) a beta chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137 (the beta chain of 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide), wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 137 is Ser or Cys; (m) both (a) and (c); (n) both (b) and (d); (o) both (e) and (g); (p) both (f) and (h); (q) both (i) and (k); (r) both (j) and (l); (s) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 (the beta chain of 4394 TCR with a wild-type N-terminal signal peptide, etc.) (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; Xis Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (t) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112 (the alpha chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; 112 225th place X is M and (iv) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (u) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 (the beta chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 56 is Ser or Cys; (v) SEQ ID NO: 113 (the beta chain of 4391 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP), wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 113 is Ser or Cys; (w) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57 (the alpha chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein 、 (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO:57 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO:57 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO:57 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO:57 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO:57 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; 227th place Xis Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (x) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118 (the alpha chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein (i) X at position 161 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 228 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (y) SEQ ID NO: 58 (the alpha chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT). (z) SEQ ID NO: 119 (the β chain of 4385 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), where X at position 178 of SEQ ID NO: 119 is Ser or Cys; (aa) SEQ ID NO: 76 (the β chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by IMGT), where X at position 178 of SEQ ID NO: 119 is Ser or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe or Trp; and (iv) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met or Trp; (bb) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144 (the alpha chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide predicted by SignalP), wherein: (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) SEQ ID NO: 144 226th place X is Mand (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (cc) a beta chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 (the beta chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by IMGT), wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 77 is Ser or Cys; (dd) SEQ ID NO: 145 (the beta chain of 4394 TCR without the N-terminal signal peptide as predicted by SignalP), wherein X at position 166 of SEQ ID NO: 145 is Ser or Cys; (ee) both (s) and (u); (ff) both (t) and (v); (gg) both (w) and (y); (hh) both (x)) and (z); (hh) (aa ) and Bi(cc) Both or (ii)(bb ) and Bi(dd) Both In an embodiment of the invention, one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 21, 22, 41, 42, 55-58, 100, 101, 106, 107, 112, 113, 118, and 119 are as defined in any one of Tables 2-4.

[0092] The protein of the present invention may be a TCR, or, for example, a protein selected from the group consisting of both SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 22, both SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, both SEQ ID NOs: 124 and 125, both SEQ ID NOs: 100 and 101, both SEQ ID NOs: 102 and 103, both SEQ ID NOs: 104 and 105, both SEQ ID NOs: 41 and 42, both SEQ ID NOs: 39 and 40, both SEQ ID NOs: No. 1 SEQ ID NOs: 106 and 107, SEQ ID NOs: 108 and 109, SEQ ID NOs: 110 and 85, SEQ ID NOs: 74 and 7 5、 Both SEQ ID NOs: 78 and 79, both SEQ ID NOs: 134 and 135, SEQ ID NOs: No. 1 36 and 137, both SEQ ID NOs: 138 and 139, both SEQ ID NOs: 140 and 141, or when the first and / or second polypeptide chain of the protein further comprises other amino acid sequences, for example,Where the protein of the invention is an amino acid sequence encoding an immunoglobulin or a portion thereof, it may be a fusion protein. In this regard, embodiments of the present invention also provide fusion proteins comprising at least one of the polypeptides of the invention described herein together with at least one other polypeptide. The other polypeptide may be present as a separate polypeptide of the fusion protein, or may be present as a polypeptide expressed in frame (tandem) with one of the polypeptides of the invention described herein. The other polypeptide may encode any peptidic or proteinaceous molecule, or portion thereof, including, but not limited to, an immunoglobulin, CD3, CD4, CD8, an MHC molecule, or a CD1 molecule, e.g., CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, etc.

[0093] A fusion protein can contain one or more copies of a polypeptide of the invention and / or one or more copies of another polypeptide. For example, a fusion protein can contain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more copies of a polypeptide of the invention and / or another polypeptide. Suitable methods for making fusion proteins are known in the art and include, for example, recombinant methods.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present invention, the TCRs, polypeptides, and proteins of the present invention can be expressed as a single protein comprising a linker peptide connecting the α chain and the β chain. In this regard, the TCRs, polypeptides, and proteins of the present invention can further comprise a linker peptide. The linker peptide can conveniently facilitate expression of the recombinant TCR, polypeptide, and / or protein in a host cell. The linker peptide can comprise any suitable amino acid sequence. For example, the linker peptide can be a furin-SGSG-P2A linker comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. Upon expression of a construct comprising the linker peptide by a host cell, the linker peptide can be cleaved, resulting in separate α and β chains. In one embodiment of the present invention, the TCR, polypeptide, or protein can comprise an amino acid sequence comprising a full-length α chain, a full-length β chain, and a linker peptide located between the α and β chains, e.g., α chain-linker-β chain or β chain-linker-α chain.

[0095] In embodiments of the invention, the TCR, polypeptide, or protein may comprise, from N- to C-terminus, the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 161, including the β chain, linker (SEQ ID NO: 25), and α chain. The variant comprises a β chain variable region (with a variant signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and a modified β constant domain set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99. The variant full-length β chain is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 125. The variant also comprises an α chain variable region (with a wild-type signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and a modified α constant domain set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98. The variant full-length α chain is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 124.

[0096] In another embodiment of the invention, the TCR, polypeptide or protein may comprise, from N- to C-terminus, the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 162, including the alpha chain, the linker (SEQ ID NO: 25), and the beta chain. 90The variant comprises an alpha chain variable region (with a variant signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 91 and a modified alpha constant domain set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98. The variant's full-length alpha chain is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104. The variant also comprises a beta chain variable region (with a wild-type signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 91 and a modified beta constant domain set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99. The variant's full-length beta chain is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 105.

[0097] In an embodiment of the invention, a TCR, polypeptide, or protein may consist, from N- to C-terminus, of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 163, including the β chain, a linker (SEQ ID NO: 25), and an α chain. The variant may comprise a β chain variable region (with a variant signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38 and a modified β chain variable region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99. Steady The full-length β chain of the variant is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 127. The variant also includes an α chain variable region (with wild-type signal peptide) as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37 and a modified α chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98. Steady The mutant full-length alpha chain comprises the α domain.

[0098] In another embodiment of the invention, the TCR, polypeptide, or protein may consist, from N- to C-terminus, of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 164, including the alpha chain, linker (SEQ ID NO: 25), and beta chain. The variant may comprise an alpha chain variable region (with a variant signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 92 and a modified alpha chain variable region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98. Steady The full-length alpha chain of the variant is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 110. The variant also comprises a beta chain variable region (with wild-type signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 93 and a modified beta chain variable region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99. Steady The full length beta chain of the mutant is set forth in SEQ ID NO:111.

[0099] In embodiments of the invention, the TCR, polypeptide, or protein may consist, from N- to C-terminus, of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 165, including the β chain, linker (SEQ ID NO: 25), and α chain. The variant may comprise a β chain variable region (with a variant signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 71 and a modified β chain variable region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99. Steady The mutant full-length beta chain is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 135. The mutant also contains an alpha chain variable region (with wild-type signal peptide) as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70 and a modified alpha chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98. Steady The full length alpha chain of the mutant is set forth in SEQ ID NO:134.

[0100] In another embodiment of the invention, the TCR, polypeptide, or protein may consist, from N- to C-terminus, of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 166, including the alpha chain, linker (SEQ ID NO: 25), and beta chain. The variant may comprise an alpha chain variable region (with a variant signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 132 and a modified alpha chain variable region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98. Steady The full-length alpha chain of the variant is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 140. The variant also comprises a beta chain variable region (with wild-type signal peptide) set forth in SEQ ID NO: 133 and a modified beta chain variable region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 99. Steady The full length beta chain of the mutant is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 141.

[0101] In some embodiments, a TCR, polypeptide, or protein disclosed herein comprises an α chain and / or a β chain comprising a signal peptide as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the sequence of the signal peptide of any of the α chain and / or β chain disclosed herein comprises an alanine or histidine residue substituted for the wild-type residue at position 2.

[0102] In some embodiments, the TCRs, polypeptides or proteins disclosed herein comprise the mature forms of the α and / or β chains lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein. The sequence of the signal peptide or the mature forms of the α and / or β chains can be performed according to any method known in the art, including IMGT and SignalP.

[0103] The protein of the present invention may be a recombinant antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof comprising at least one of the polypeptides of the present invention described herein. As used herein, "recombinant antibody" refers to a recombinant (e.g., genetically engineered) protein comprising at least one polypeptide of the present invention, an antibody polypeptide chain, or an antigen-binding portion thereof. The antibody polypeptide or antigen-binding portion thereof may be an antibody heavy chain, light chain, variable or constant region of the heavy or light chain, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), or an Fc, Fab, or F(ab)2' fragment, etc. The antibody polypeptide chain or antigen-binding portion thereof may be present as a separate polypeptide of the recombinant antibody. Alternatively, the antibody polypeptide chain or antigen-binding portion thereof may be present as a polypeptide expressed in frame (in tandem) with a polypeptide of the present invention. The antibody polypeptide or antigen-binding portion thereof may be the polypeptide of any antibody or any antibody fragment, including any of the antibodies and antibody fragments described herein.

[0104] The present invention includes within its scope functional variants of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins of the invention described herein. As used herein, the term "functional variant" refers to a TCR, polypeptide, or protein that has substantial or significant sequence identity or similarity to a parent TCR, polypeptide, or protein, where the functional variant retains the biological activity of the TCR, polypeptide, or protein of which it is a variant. Functional variants include variants of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein (parent TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins) that retain, for example, the antigen specificity of the parent TCR, or the ability to specifically bind to a mutant RAS to which the parent polypeptide or protein specifically binds, to a similar, the same, or greater extent than the parent TCR, polypeptide, or protein. With respect to the parent TCR, polypeptide, or protein, for example, a functional variant may be at least about 30%, about 50%, about 75%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or more identical in amino acid sequence to the parent TCR, polypeptide, or protein, respectively.

[0105] For example, a functional variant may comprise the amino acid sequence of a parent TCR, polypeptide, or protein containing at least one conservative amino acid substitution. Conservative amino acid substitutions are known in the art and include amino acid substitutions in which one amino acid having particular physical and / or chemical properties is replaced with another amino acid having the same chemical or physical properties. For example, a conservative amino acid substitution may be the substitution of an acidic amino acid for another acidic amino acid (e.g., Asp or Glu), an amino acid containing a nonpolar side chain for another amino acid containing a nonpolar side chain (e.g., Ala, Gly, Val, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Trp, Val, etc.), a basic amino acid for another basic amino acid (e.g., Lys, Arg), an amino acid containing a polar side chain for another amino acid containing a polar side chain (e.g., Asn, Cys, Gln, Ser, Thr, Tyr, etc.), etc.

[0106] Alternatively or additionally, the functional variant may comprise the amino acid sequence of the parent TCR, polypeptide or protein comprising at least one non-conservative amino acid substitution. In this case, it is preferred that the non-conservative amino acid substitution does not interfere with or inhibit the biological activity of the functional variant. Preferably, the non-conservative amino acid substitution enhances the biological activity of the functional variant such that the biological activity of the functional variant is increased compared to the parent TCR, polypeptide or protein.

[0107] The signal peptide of each of the TCRs, polypeptides, proteins, functional variants, and functional portions described herein, when present, can be any suitable TCR signal peptide, so long as the TCR, polypeptide, protein, or functional variant is expressed and has antigen specificity for a mutant human RAS amino acid sequence in which glycine at position 12 is replaced with valine, as presented by HLA class I molecules.

[0108] A TCR, polypeptide, or protein may consist essentially of one or more of the specific amino acid sequences described herein, such that other components of the TCR, polypeptide, or protein, e.g., other amino acids, do not substantially alter the biological activity of the TCR, polypeptide, or protein. In this regard, a TCR, polypeptide, or protein of the invention may consist essentially of, for example, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:103, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:104. , distribution Sequence number 125, SEQ ID NO: 105, both SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 22, both SEQ ID NOs: 100 and 101, both SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, both SEQ ID NOs: 102 and 103, SEQ ID NOs: 124 and 125 Both , both SEQ ID NOs: 104 and 105, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: No. 114, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:115, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:116, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:117, both SEQ ID NOs:55 and 56, both SEQ ID NOs:112 and 113, both SEQ ID NOs:51 and 52, both SEQ ID NOs:114 and 115, both SEQ ID NOs:128 and 129 or both SEQ ID NOs:116 and 117, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:108, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:109, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:111, both SEQ ID NOs:41 and 42, both SEQ ID NOs:106 and 107, both SEQ ID NOs:39 and 40, SEQ ID NOs: No. 1 SEQ ID NO: 126 and 127, both SEQ ID NO: 110 and 111, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 119, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 120, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 130, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 131, SEQ ID NO: 123, both SEQ ID NOs: 57 and 58 direction, Array number No. 1SEQ ID NO: 18 and 119, both SEQ ID NO: 53 and 54, both SEQ ID NO: 120 and 121, both SEQ ID NO: 130 and 131, or both SEQ ID NO: 122 and 123, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 134, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 141, both SEQ ID NO: 74 and 75, both SEQ ID NO: 136 and 137, both SEQ ID NO: 78 and 79, SEQ ID NO: 138 and 139 , SEQ ID NOs:134 and 135, both SEQ ID NOs:140 and 141, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:147, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:148, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:149, both SEQ ID NOs:76 and 77, both SEQ ID NOs:144 and 145, both SEQ ID NOs:80 and 81, both SEQ ID NOs:146 and 147, both SEQ ID NOs:142 and 143, or both SEQ ID NOs:148 and 149. Also, for example, the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins of the present invention may essentially comprise: (i) SEQ ID NO:7, (ii) SEQ ID NO:90, (iii) SEQ ID NO:8, (iv) SEQ ID NO:91, (v) SEQ ID NO:37, (vi) SEQ ID NO:92, (vii) SEQ ID NO:38, (viii) SEQ ID NO:105N3, (ix) SEQ ID NO:70, (x) SEQ ID NO:132, (xi) SEQ ID NO:71, (xii) SEQ ID NO:133, (xiii) SEQ ID NO: No. 7 Beauty Both 8 (xiv) both SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 91; (xv) both SEQ ID NOs: 90 and 8; (xvi) both SEQ ID NOs: 90 and 91; (xvii) both SEQ ID NOs: 37 and 38; (xviii) both SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 38; (xix) both SEQ ID NOs: 37 and 93 、((xx) both of SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 93, (xxi) both of SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 71, (xxii) both of SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 133, (xxiii) both of SEQ ID NOs: 132 and 71, or (xxiv) both of SEQ ID NOs: 132 and 133. Furthermore, the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins of the present invention may consist essentially of the sequences of (a) any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, 31 to 36, and 64 to 69; (b) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 3; (c) all of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6; (d) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33; (e) all of SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36; (f) all of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 66, (g) all of SEQ ID NOs: 67 to 69, (h) all of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6, (i) all of SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 36, or (j) all of SEQ ID NOs: 64 to 69.

[0109] The TCRs, polypeptides, and proteins of the invention can be of any length, i.e., contain any number of amino acids, provided that the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins retain their biological activity, such as the ability to specifically bind G12VRAS; detect cancer in a mammal; or treat or prevent cancer in a mammal. For example, polypeptides can range from about 50 to about 5,000 amino acids in length, such as about 50, 70, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, or more amino acids in length. In this regard, polypeptides of the invention also include oligopeptides.

[0110] The TCRs, polypeptides and proteins of the invention may contain synthetic amino acids in place of one or more naturally occurring amino acids. Such synthetic amino acids are known in the art and include, for example, aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid, norleucine, α-amino n-decanoic acid, homoserine, S-acetylaminomethyl-cysteine, trans-3- and trans-4-hydroxyproline. trans-4-hydroxyproline, 4-aminophenylalanine, 4-nitrophenylalanine, 4-chlorophenylalanine, 4-carboxyphenylalanine, β-phenylserine, β-hydroxyphenylalanine, phenylglycine, α-naphthylalanine, cyclohexylalanine, cyclohexylglycine, indoline-2-carboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, aminomalonic acid, aminomalonic acid monoamide monoamide), N'-benzyl-N'-methyl-lysine, N',-dibenzyllysineN'-dibenzyl-lysine, 6-hydroxylysine, ornithine, α-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid, α-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid, α-aminocycloheptane, carboxylic acid, α-(2-amino-2-norbornane)-carboxylic acid, α,γ-diaminobutyric acid, α,β-diaminopropionic acid, homophenylalanine, and α-tert-butylglycine.

[0111] The TCRs, polypeptides and proteins of the present invention may, for example, be glycosylated, amidated, carboxylated, phosphorylated, esterified, N-acylated, cyclized (e.g., via disulfide bridges), or converted into acid addition salts, and / or optionally dimerized or polymerized, or conjugated.

[0112] The TCRs, polypeptides and / or proteins of the present invention can be obtained by methods known in the art, such as, for example, de novo synthesis. Polypeptides and proteins can also be made recombinantly using standard recombinant methods and the nucleic acids described herein. See, e.g., Green and Sambrook, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual(4th ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (2012). Alternatively, the TCRs, polypeptides, and / or proteins described herein may be commercially synthesized by any of a variety of commercial entities. In this regard, the TCRs, polypeptides, and proteins of the present invention may be synthetic, recombinant, isolated, and / or purified. An embodiment of the present invention provides an isolated or purified TCR, polypeptide, or protein encoded by any of the nucleic acids or vectors described herein with respect to other aspects of the invention. Another embodiment of the present invention provides an isolated or purified TCR, polypeptide, or protein resulting from expression in a cell of any of the nucleic acids or vectors described herein with respect to other aspects of the invention. Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of producing any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, the method comprising culturing any of the host cells or populations of host cells described herein such that the TCR, polypeptide, or protein is produced.

[0113] The scope of the present invention includes conjugates, e.g., bioconjugates, comprising any of the TCRs, polypeptides or proteins (including any functional portion or variant thereof), nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, host cell populations, or antibodies or antigen-binding portions thereof of the present invention. Conjugates and methods of synthesizing conjugates are generally known in the art.

[0114] One embodiment of the present invention provides a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein. As used herein, "nucleic acid" includes "polynucleotide," "oligonucleotide," and "nucleic acid molecule," and generally refers to a polymer of DNA or RNA, which may be single- or double-stranded, may contain natural, non-natural, or modified nucleotides, and may contain natural, non-natural, or modified internucleotide linkages, such as phosphoramidate or phosphorothioate linkages instead of the phosphodiester linkages found between nucleotides in unmodified oligonucleotides. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid comprises complementary DNA (cDNA). Generally, it is preferred that the nucleic acid does not contain any insertions, deletions, inversions, and / or substitutions. However, as discussed herein, in some instances, it may be preferred that the nucleic acid contain one or more insertions, deletions, inversions, and / or substitutions.

[0115] Preferably, the nucleic acids of the invention are recombinant. As used herein, the term "recombinant" refers to (i) a molecule constructed outside a living cell by joining natural or synthetic nucleic acid segments to a nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating within the living cell, or (ii) a molecule resulting from replication as described in (i) above. For purposes herein, replication may be in vitro replication or in vivo replication.

[0116] Nucleic acids can be constructed based on chemical synthesis and / or enzymatic ligation reactions using procedures known in the art. See, e.g., Green and Sambrook et al., supra. For example, nucleic acids can be chemically synthesized using naturally occurring nucleotides or variously modified nucleotides (e.g., phosphorothioate derivatives and acridine-substituted nucleotides) designed to increase the biological stability of the molecule or to increase the physical stability of the duplex formed upon hybridization. Examples of modified nucleotides that can be used to generate nucleic acids include 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-iodouracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 4-acetylcytosine, 5-(carboxyhydroxymethyl)uracil, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, dihydrouracil, beta-D-galactosylqueosine, inosine, N 6 -Isopentenyladenine (N 6 -isopentenyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 1-methylinosine, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N 6 -substituted adenine (N 6-substituted adenine, 7-methylguanine, 5-methylaminomethyluracil, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouracil, beta-D-mannosylqueosine, 5'-methoxycarboxymethyluracil, 5-methoxyuracil, 2-methylthio-N 6 -Isopentenyladenine (2-methylthio-N 6 -isopentenyladenine, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid(v), wybutoxosine, pseudouracil, queosine, 2-thiocytosine, 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, 5-methyluracil, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid methylester, 3-(3-amino-3-N-2-carboxypropyl)uracil, and 2,6-diaminopurine. Alternatively, one or more of the nucleic acids of the present invention can be purchased from any of a variety of commercial entities.

[0117] The nucleic acid may comprise any nucleotide sequence encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein. In embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid may comprise the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 43-46 (Table 5). In embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid comprises the nucleotide sequence of both SEQ ID NOs: 43-44, or both SEQ ID NOs: 45-46.

[0118] [Table 5]

[0119] In embodiments of the present invention, a nucleic acid comprises a codon-optimized nucleotide sequence encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein. Without being bound by any particular theory or mechanism, it is believed that codon optimization of a nucleotide sequence increases the translation efficiency of an mRNA transcript. Codon optimization of a nucleotide sequence may involve replacing a native codon with another codon that encodes the same amino acid but that can be translated by a more readily available tRNA in the cell, thus increasing translation efficiency. Optimizing a nucleotide sequence may also reduce secondary structures in the mRNA that interfere with translation, thus increasing translation efficiency.

[0120] The present invention also provides nucleic acids comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to, or that hybridizes under stringent conditions to, the nucleotide sequence of any of the nucleic acids described herein.

[0121] Nucleotide sequences that hybridize under stringent conditions preferably hybridize under high stringency conditions. "High stringency conditions" means that a nucleotide sequence specifically hybridizes to a target sequence (any of the nucleotide sequences of the nucleic acids described herein) in an amount detectably stronger than nonspecific hybridization. High stringency conditions include conditions that distinguish polynucleotides with exactly complementary sequences, or polynucleotides containing only scattered mismatches, from random sequences that happen to have several small regions (e.g., 3-10 bases) that match the nucleotide sequence. Such small regions of complementarity are more easily melted than full-length complements of 14-17 or more bases, making them readily distinguishable by high stringency hybridization. Relatively high stringency conditions include, for example, low salt and / or high temperature conditions (e.g., provided by about 0.02-0.1 M NaCl or equivalent, at a temperature of about 50-70°C). Such high stringency conditions tolerate little, if any, mismatch between the nucleotide sequence and the template or target strand and are particularly suitable for detecting expression of any of the TCRs of the present invention, It is generally understood that conditions can be made more stringent by the addition of increasing amounts of formamide.

[0122] The present invention also provides nucleic acids comprising a nucleotide sequence that is at least about 70% or more, e.g., about 80%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%, identical to any of the nucleic acids described herein. In this regard, the nucleic acid can consist essentially of any of the nucleotide sequences described herein.

[0123]

[0010] Embodiments of the present invention provide isolated or purified nucleic acids comprising, from 5' to 3', a first nucleic acid sequence and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first and second nucleic acid sequences are, respectively, SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8; 7 and 91; 90 and 8; 90 and 91; 8 and 7; 91 and 7; 8 and 90; 91 and 90; 37 and 38; 37 and 93; 92 and 38; 92 and 93; 38 and 37; 93 and 37; 38 and 92; 93 and 92; 70 and 71; 70 and 133; 132 and 71; 132 and 133; 71 and 70; 133 and 70. ; 71 and 132; 133 and 132; 23 and 24; 23 and 103; 102 and 24; 102 and 103; 24 and 23; 103 and 23; 24 and 102; 103 and 102; 39 and 40; 39 and 109; 108 and 40; 108 and 109; 40 and 39; 109 and 39; 40 and 108; 109 and 108; 78 and 79; 78 and 139 ; 138 and 79; 138 and 139; 79 and 78; 139 and 78; 79 and 138; 139 and 138; 21 and 22; 21 and 101; 100 and 22; 100 and 101; 22 and 21; 101 and 21; 22 and 100; 41 and 42; 41 and 107; 106 and 42; 106 and 107; 42 and 41; 107 and 41 ;42 and 106;107 and 106;74 and 75;74 and 101;100 and 75;100 and 101;75 and 74;101 and 74;75 and 100;101 and 100;124 and 125;124 and 105;104 and 125;104 and 105;125 and 124;105 and 124;125 and 104;105 and 104;126 and 127;1 26 and 111;110 and 127;110 and 111;127 and 126;111 and 126;127 and 110;111 and 110;134 and 135;140 and 135;134 and 141;140 and 141;135 and 134;135 and 140;141 and 134;141 and 140;47 and 48;48 and 47;49 and 50;50 and 49;72 and 73;73 and 72;94 and 95;95 and 94;94 and 85;85 and 94;96 and 97;97 and 96;96 and 87;87 and 96;88 and 89;89 and 88;51 and 52;52 and 51;53 and 54;54 and 53;80 and 81;81 and 80;55 and 56;56 and 55;57 and 58;58 and 57;76 and 77;77 and 76;128 and 129;129 and 128;130 and 131;131 and 130;142 and 143;143 and 142;112 and 113;113 and 112;118 and 119;119 and 118;144 and 145;145 and 144;114 and 115;115 and 114;120 and 121;121 and 120;146 and 147;147 and 146 ; 152 and 153; 153 and 152; 156 and 157; 157 and 156; 160 and 161; 161 and 160; 158 and 159; or 159 and 158. , providing nucleic acids .

[0124] In an embodiment of the invention, the isolated or purified nucleic acid further comprises a third nucleotide sequence interposed between the first and second nucleotide sequences, the third nucleotide sequence encoding a cleavable linker peptide. In an embodiment of the invention, the cleavable linker peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.

[0125] The nucleic acids of the present invention can be incorporated into a recombinant expression vector. In this regard, the present invention provides a recombinant expression vector comprising any of the nucleic acids of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, the recombinant expression vector comprises nucleotide sequences encoding the α chain, the β chain, and the linker peptide.

[0126] For purposes herein, the term "recombinant expression vector" means a genetically engineered oligonucleotide or polynucleotide construct that enables expression of an mRNA, protein, polypeptide, or peptide by a host cell, where the construct includes a nucleotide sequence encoding the mRNA, protein, polypeptide, or peptide, and the vector is contacted with a cell under conditions sufficient to express the mRNA, protein, polypeptide, or peptide in the cell. The vectors of the present invention are not naturally occurring in their entirety. However, portions of the vector may be naturally occurring. The recombinant expression vectors of the present invention may contain any type of nucleotide, including, but not limited to, DNA and RNA (which may be single-stranded or double-stranded, synthetic, or derived in part from natural sources, and may contain natural, non-natural, or modified nucleotides). The recombinant expression vector may contain naturally occurring internucleotide linkages, non-naturally occurring internucleotide linkages, or both types of linkages. Preferably, the non-naturally occurring or modified nucleotides or internucleotide linkages do not interfere with transcription or replication of the vector.

[0127] The recombinant expression vector of the present invention can be any suitable recombinant expression vector and can be used to transform or transfect any suitable host cell. Suitable vectors include vectors designed for propagation and amplification, expression, or both, such as plasmids and viruses. Vectors can be selected from the pUC series (Fermentas Life Sciences), pBluescript series (Stratagene, LaJolla, CA), pET series (Novagen, Madison, WI), pGEX series (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden), and pEX series (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA). Bacteriophage vectors such as λGT10, λGT11, λZapII (Stratagene), λEMBL4, and λNM1149 can also be used. Examples of plant expression vectors include pBI01, pBI101.2, pBI101.3, pBI121, and pBIN19 (Clontech). Examples of animal expression vectors include pEUK-Cl, pMAM, and pMAMneo (Clontech). Preferably, the recombinant expression vector is a viral vector, such as a retroviral vector. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the recombinant expression vector is an MSGV1 vector. In an embodiment of the invention, the recombinant expression vector is a transposon or lentiviral vector.

[0128] The recombinant expression vectors of the present invention can be prepared using standard recombinant DNA techniques, for example, as described in Green and Sambrook et al. (supra). Circular or linear expression vector constructs can be prepared to contain replication systems that function in prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells. Replication systems can be derived, for example, from ColEl, 2μ plasmid, λ, SV40, bovine papilloma virus, etc.

[0129] Desirably, the recombinant expression vector includes regulatory sequences, such as transcriptional and translational initiation and termination codons, specific for the type of host cell (e.g., bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal) into which the vector will be introduced, taking into account whether the vector is DNA- or RNA-based, as appropriate.

[0130] The recombinant expression vector may contain one or more marker genes to allow for the selection of transformed or transfected host cells. Marker genes include biocide resistance, resistance to, e.g., antibiotics, heavy metals, etc., complementation in auxotrophic host cells to provide prototrophy, etc. Suitable marker genes for the expression vectors of the present invention include, for example, the neomycin / G418 resistance gene, the hygromycin resistance gene, the histidinol resistance gene, the tetracycline resistance gene, and the ampicillin resistance gene.

[0131] The recombinant expression vector may contain a native or non-native promoter operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a TCR, polypeptide, or protein, or to a nucleotide sequence complementary to or hybridizing to the nucleotide sequence encoding the TCR, polypeptide, or protein. The selection of a promoter, e.g., a strong promoter, a weak promoter, an inducible promoter, a tissue-specific promoter, and a developmental-specific promoter, is within the ordinary skill of one of ordinary skill in the art. Similarly, combining a nucleotide sequence with a promoter is also within the ordinary skill of one of ordinary skill in the art. The promoter may be a non-viral promoter or a viral promoter, e.g., a promoter found in the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, SV40 promoter, RSV promoter, and murine stem cell virus long-terminal repeat.

[0132] The recombinant expression vectors of the invention can be designed for either transient expression, stable expression, or both, and can be made for constitutive or inducible expression.

[0133] Furthermore, the recombinant expression vector can be engineered to contain a suicide gene. As used herein, the term "suicide gene" refers to a gene that causes cells expressing the suicide gene to die. A suicide gene may also be a gene that confers sensitivity to a substance, such as a drug, on cells expressing the gene, causing the cell to die when contacted with or exposed to the substance. Suicide genes are known in the art and include, for example, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (TK) gene, cytosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, nitroreductase, and inducible caspase 9 gene systems.

[0134] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a host cell comprising any of the recombinant expression vectors described herein. The term "host cell," as used herein, refers to any type of cell capable of containing a recombinant expression vector of the present invention. The host cell may be a eukaryotic cell, such as a plant, animal, fungus, or algae, or a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterium or protozoan. The host cell may be a cultured cell or a primary cell, i.e., directly isolated from an organism, such as a human or mouse. The host cell may be an adherent cell or a suspension cell, i.e., a cell that grows in suspension. Suitable host cells are known in the art and include, for example, DH5α E. coli cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, monkey VERO cells, COS cells, HEK293 cells, etc. For purposes of amplifying or replicating a recombinant expression vector, the host cell is preferably a prokaryotic cell, such as a DH5α cell. For purposes of producing a recombinant TCR, polypeptide, or protein, the host cell is preferably a mammalian cell. Most preferably, the host cell is a human cell. The host cell may be any type of cell, may be derived from any type of tissue, and may be at any stage of development; however, the host cell is preferably a peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) or a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). More preferably, the host cell is a T cell. In one embodiment of the present invention, the host cell is a human lymphocyte. In another embodiment of the present invention, the host cell is selected from a T cell, a natural killer T (NKT) cell, an in-mutant natural killer T (iNKT) cell, and a natural killer (NK) cell. Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing a host cell expressing a TCR having antigen-specificity for the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 29 or 30, the method comprising contacting a cell with any of the vectors described herein under conditions capable of introducing the vector into the cell.

[0135] For purposes herein, T cells may be any T cell, such as a cultured T cell (e.g., primary T cell), or a T cell from a cultured T cell line (e.g., Jurkat, SupT1, etc.), or a T cell obtained from a mammal. If obtained from a mammal, the T cells may be obtained from a number of sources, including, but not limited to, blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, or other tissues or fluids. The T cells may also be enriched or purified. Preferably, the T cells are human T cells. The T cells may be any type of T cell and may be at any stage of development (e.g., CD4 + / CD8 + Double positive T cells, CD4 + Helper T cells, e.g., Th1 and Th2 cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + These include, but are not limited to, T cells (e.g., cytotoxic T cells), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), memory T cells (e.g., central memory T cells and effector memory T cells), naive T cells, and the like.

[0136] Also provided by the present invention are cell populations comprising at least one host cell described herein. The cell population may be a heterogeneous population comprising host cells comprising any of the described recombinant expression vectors in addition to at least one other cell, e.g., a host cell (e.g., a T cell) or a cell other than a T cell, e.g., a B cell, macrophage, neutrophil, erythrocyte, hepatocyte, endothelial cell, epithelial cell, muscle cell, brain cell, etc., that does not comprise any recombinant expression vector. Alternatively, the cell population may be a substantially homogeneous population, comprising primarily (e.g., substantially) host cells comprising the recombinant expression vector. The population may also be a clonal population of cells, in which all cells of the population are clones of a single host cell comprising the recombinant expression vector, such that all cells of the population comprise the recombinant expression vector. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cell population is a clonal population comprising host cells comprising a recombinant expression vector as described herein.

[0137] In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of cells in a population can be rapidly expanded. Expansion of T cell numbers can be achieved by any of a number of methods known in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,034,334; U.S. Pat. No. 8,383,099; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0244133; Dudley et al., J. Immunother., 26:332-42 (2003); and Riddell et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 128:189-201 (1990). In one embodiment, expansion of T cell numbers is achieved by culturing T cells with OKT3 antibody, IL-2, and feeder PBMCs (e.g., irradiated allogeneic PBMCs).

[0138] The TCRs, polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, and host cells (including populations thereof) of the present invention may be isolated and / or purified. The term "isolated," as used herein, means removed from its natural environment. The term "purified," as used herein, means increased purity, although "purity" is a relative term and should not necessarily be construed as absolute purity. For example, purity may be at least about 50%, may be greater than about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, or may be about 100%.

[0139] The TCRs, polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, and host cells (including populations thereof) of the invention, all of which are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "TCR material of the invention," can be formulated into compositions, such as pharmaceutical compositions. In this regard, the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising any of the TCRs, polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, expression vectors, and host cells (including populations thereof) described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention containing any of the TCR material of the invention may comprise more than one TCR material of the invention, e.g., a polypeptide and nucleic acid, or two or more different TCRs. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition may comprise the TCR material of the present invention in combination with another pharmaceutically active substance or drug, such as a chemotherapeutic agent, for example, asparaginase, busulfan, carboplatin, cisplatin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, methotrexate, paclitaxel, rituximab, vinblastine, vincristine, etc.

[0140] Preferably, the carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. With respect to pharmaceutical compositions, the carrier may be any of those conventionally used for the particular TCR material of the present invention under consideration. Methods for preparing administrable compositions will be known or apparent to those skilled in the art and are described in more detail, for example, in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 22nd Edition, Pharmaceutical Press (2012). Preferably, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is one that has no adverse side effects or toxicity under the conditions of use.

[0141] The choice of carrier will be determined in part by the particular TCR material of the invention and by the particular method used to administer the TCR material of the invention. Accordingly, there are a variety of suitable formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. Suitable formulations may include any formulation for parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal, intratumoral, and intraperitoneal administration. More than one route may be used to administer the TCR material of the invention, and in certain instances, a particular route may result in a more rapid and effective response than another route.

[0142] Preferably, the TCR material of the present invention is administered by injection, e.g., intravenously. When the TCR material of the present invention is host cells (including a population thereof) expressing a TCR of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for the cells for injection can include any isotonic carrier, such as normal saline (about 0.90% w / v NaCl in water, about 300 mOsm / L NaCl in water, or about 9.0 g NaCl per liter of water), NORMOSOL R electrolyte solution (Abbott, Chicago, IL), PLASMA-LYTE A (Baxter, Deerfield, IL), about 5% dextrose in water, or lactated Ringer's solution. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is supplemented with human serum albumin.

[0143] For purposes of the present invention, the amount or dose of TCR material of the present invention administered (e.g., the number of cells, if the TCR material of the present invention is one or more cells) should be sufficient to produce, e.g., a therapeutic or prophylactic response in the subject or animal over an appropriate period of time. For example, a dose of TCR material of the present invention should be sufficient to bind a cancer antigen (e.g., mutant RAS) or to detect, treat, or prevent cancer for a period of about 2 hours or more, e.g., 12-24 hours or more, from the time of administration. In certain embodiments, the period may be longer. The dose will be determined by the efficacy of the particular TCR material of the present invention and the condition and weight of the animal (e.g., human) to be treated.

[0144] Many assays for determining the dose to be administered are known in the art. For purposes of the present invention, an assay involving comparing the extent to which target cells are lysed or IFN-γ is secreted by T cells expressing a TCR, polypeptide, or protein of the present invention upon administration of a particular dose of T cells to one mammal from a set of mammals, each receiving a different dose of such T cells, can be used to determine the starting dose to administer to the mammal. The extent to which target cells are lysed or IFN-γ is secreted upon administration of a fixed dose can be assayed by methods known in the art.

[0145] The dose of the TCR material of the invention will also be determined by the existence, nature, and extent of any adverse side effects that may accompany the administration of a particular TCR material of the invention. Typically, an attending physician will determine the dose of the TCR material of the invention for treating each individual patient, taking into account various factors, such as age, weight, general health, dietary habits, sex, the TCR material of the invention to be administered, the route of administration, and the severity of the cancer being treated. In embodiments where the TCR material of the invention is a cell population, the number of cells administered per infusion may be, for example, about 1 x 10 6 to approximately 1 × 10 12 The number of cells may vary from 1 x 10 to 1 x 10 or more. 6 Fewer than 10 cells may be administered.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the inventive TCR materials of the invention can be modified in any number of ways, such that the therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy of the TCR materials is increased by the modification. For example, the TCR materials of the invention can be conjugated either directly or indirectly via a bridge to a chemotherapeutic agent. The practice of conjugating compounds to chemotherapeutic agents is known in the art. Those skilled in the art will recognize that sites on the TCR materials of the invention that are not necessary for the function of the TCR materials of the invention are suitable sites for attaching a bridge and / or chemotherapeutic agent, provided that the bridge and / or chemotherapeutic agent do not bind to the TCR materials of the invention and interfere with their function (i.e., their ability to bind mutant RAS or their ability to detect, treat, or prevent cancer).

[0147] It is contemplated that the pharmaceutical compositions, TCRs, polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, and cell populations of the invention can be used in methods of treating or preventing cancer. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the TCRs of the invention specifically bind to mutant RAS, such that, when expressed in a cell, the TCR (or related polypeptides or proteins of the invention) can regulate an immune response against target cells expressing mutant RAS. In this regard, embodiments of the invention provide a method of treating or preventing cancer in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal any of the pharmaceutical compositions, TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, any nucleic acid or recombinant expression vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, or any host cell or cell population comprising a recombinant vector encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, in an amount effective to treat or prevent cancer in the mammal.

[0148] An embodiment of the present invention is a method of inducing an immune response against cancer in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition, a TCR, a polypeptide, or a protein described herein, or a nucleic acid or recombinant expression vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding any of the TCR, polypeptide, or protein described herein; or any host cell or population of cells containing a recombinant vector encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein. to a mammal in an amount effective to induce an immune response against cancer in the mammal.

[0149] One embodiment of the present invention provides any of the pharmaceutical compositions, TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, any nucleic acid or recombinant expression vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, or any host cell or population of cells comprising a recombinant vector encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, for use in the treatment or prevention of cancer in a mammal.

[0150] Embodiments of the present invention provide any of the pharmaceutical compositions, TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, any of the nucleic acids or recombinant expression vectors comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, or any of the host cells or populations of cells comprising a recombinant vector encoding any of the TCRs, polypeptides, or proteins described herein, for use in inducing an immune response against cancer in a mammal.

[0151] The terms "treat" and "prevent," as well as derivatives thereof, as used herein, do not necessarily mean 100% or complete treatment or prevention. Rather, there are various degrees of treatment or prevention that one of skill in the art will recognize as having potential benefit or therapeutic effect. In this regard, the methods of the present invention may provide any level or amount of treatment or prevention of cancer in a mammal. Furthermore, the treatment or prevention provided by the methods of the present invention may include treatment or prevention of one or more of the cancerous conditions or symptoms being treated or prevented. For example, treatment or prevention may include promoting tumor regression. Also, for purposes herein, "prevention" may include delaying the onset of cancer, or a symptom or condition thereof. Alternatively, or additionally, "prevention" may include preventing or delaying the recurrence of cancer, or a symptom or condition thereof.

[0152] Also provided is a method for detecting the presence of cancer in a mammal, the method comprising: (i) contacting a sample comprising one or more cells from a mammal with any of the TCRs, polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, cell populations, or pharmaceutical compositions of the invention described herein, thereby forming a complex, and (ii) detecting the complex, wherein detection of the complex indicates the presence of cancer in the mammal.

[0153] For the methods of the present invention for detecting cancer in a mammal, the cellular sample may be a sample comprising whole cells, a lysate thereof, or a fraction of a whole cell lysate, such as a nuclear or cytoplasmic fraction, a total protein fraction, or a nucleic acid fraction.

[0154] For purposes of the method of detecting cancer of the present invention, the contacting can be performed in vitro or in vivo with respect to a mammal. Preferably, the contacting is in vitro.

[0155] Detection of the complex may also be accomplished by any number of methods known in the art. For example, the TCRs, polypeptides, proteins, nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, or cell populations of the invention described herein may be labeled with a detectable label, such as, for example, radioisotopes, fluorescent dyes (e.g., fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE)), enzymes (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase), and elemental particles (e.g., gold particles).

[0156] For purposes of the methods of the present invention, in which a host cell or cell population is administered, the cells may be allogeneic or autologous to the mammal. Preferably, the cells are autologous to the mammal.

[0157] In the context of the methods of the present invention, cancer can be, for example, acute lymphocytic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, cancer of the anus, anal canal, or anorectum, eye cancer, cancer of the intrahepatic bile duct, cancer of the joints, cancer of the neck, gallbladder, or pleura, cancer of the nose, nasal cavity, or middle ear, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the vagina, cancer of the vulva, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, glioma. The cancer may be any cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, melanoma, multiple myeloma, nasopharyngeal cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oropharyngeal cancer, ovarian cancer, penile cancer, pancreatic cancer, peritoneal cancer, omental and mesenteric cancer, pharyngeal cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, kidney cancer, skin cancer, small intestine cancer, soft tissue cancer, stomach cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine cancer, ureteral cancer, and bladder cancer. Preferred cancers are pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. Preferably, the lung cancer is lung adenocarcinoma, the ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian cancer, and the pancreatic cancer is pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cancer expresses a mutant human RAS amino acid sequence, which is the amino acid sequence of mutant human KRAS, mutant human HRAS, or mutant human NRAS. The mutant human KRAS, mutant human HRAS, and mutant human NRAS expressed by the cancer may be as described herein with respect to other aspects of the invention.

[0158] The mammal referred to in the methods of the present invention may be any mammal. The term "mammal," as used herein, refers to any mammal, including, but not limited to, rodent mammals, such as mice and hamsters, and lagomorph mammals, such as rabbits. Preferably, the mammal is from the order Carnivora, which includes felines (cats) and canines (dogs). More preferably, the mammal is from the order Bovidae, which includes bovines (cattle) and swine (pigs), or the order Persodactyla, which includes equines (horses). Most preferably, the mammal is from the order Primates, Ceboids, or Simoids (monkeys), or the order Anthropoids (humans and apes). A particularly preferred mammal is a human.

[0159] It should be noted that the above are merely exemplary embodiments. Other exemplary embodiments will be apparent from the entire description herein. Those skilled in the art will also understand that each of these embodiments can be used in various combinations with the other embodiments provided herein.

[0160] The following examples further illustrate the invention but, of course, should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope. [Example]

[0161] Example 1 This example demonstrates the identification of TILs reactive to RAS G12V from tumor fragments of colon cancer patient 4391. This example also demonstrates the identification of the minimal epitope recognized by TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391.

[0162] TILs were screened for reactivity by 41BB+ / OX40+ flow cytometry assay against dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with 5 μg / ml of long peptide (LP) (WT, SEQ ID NO: 30, or G12V, SEQ ID NO: 27) or transfected with tandem minigenes (TMG) encoding RAS WT or RAS G12V.

[0163] TILs were isolated from tumor fragments F1 and F13 and a combination of tumor fragments F2, F3, and F5 from patient 4391. Reactivity was measured by detecting upregulation of OX40 and 4-1BB by FACS. TILs were gated for live / CD3+ / CD8+.

[0164] The results are shown in Figure 1A-1D. Reactivity was observed with fragment 1 (F1; 70% of cells reacted when tested with G12V TMG), and also with several other fragments (albeit less frequently).

[0165] TIL from tumor fragment F1 、5 μg / ml of RAS minimal epitope (ME) or As a negative control Autologous DCs loaded with RAS WT LP or RAS G12V LP as a positive control were co-cultured with COS7 cells (stably expressing HLA-A02:01) or COS7 cells (stably expressing HLA-A03:01). TILs cultured in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were also used as a negative control. The minimal epitopes are shown in Table 6.

[0166] [Table 6]

[0167] The results are shown in Figures 2A and 2B. Reactivity was tested in a 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry assay. ME 8 showed the highest reactivity to ME.

[0168] Example 2 This example demonstrates that TILs isolated from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 specifically recognize RAS G12V.

[0169] TILs from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 were cocultured with autologous DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME 8 or RAS LP (G12V or WT). TILs cultured alone served as a negative control. TILs nonspecifically stimulated by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 antibodies served as a positive control. Reactivity was tested by IFNγ ELISPOT. The results are shown in Figure 3.

[0170] Example 3 This example demonstrates that TILs isolated from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 specifically recognize RAS G12V presented by HLA-C*01:02.

[0171] To identify MHC-I restriction elements, TILs isolated from tumor fragment F1 of patient 4391 were cocultured with COS7 cell lines transfected with plasmids encoding one of the four HLA alleles expressed by patient 4391 (HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*11:01, HLA-B*55:01, or HLA-C*01:02). Cells were loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME 8 (Figure 4A), RAS G12V LP (Figure 4B), or RAS WT LP (Figure 4C). Reactivity was tested by IFNγ ELISPOT. Results for F1 against COS7 cells transfected with HLA-C*01:02 are shown (Figure 4D).

[0172] Example 4 This example demonstrates the isolation of a TCR from TILs of patient 4391 with antigen specificity for human RAS with the G12V mutation presented by HLA-C*01:02.

[0173] TILs from tumor slice F1 of patient 4391 were determined in Examples 1-3 to recognize RAS G12V but not WT RAS.

[0174] To sequence the reactive TCR, reactive TILs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on upregulation of the T cell activation marker 4-1BB / OX40. Cells were then lysed and TCR transcripts were Sanger sequenced.

[0175] Example 5 This example demonstrates a method for preparing a retroviral vector containing a nucleotide sequence encoding the human anti-G12V TCR of Example 4 and a modified murine constant region.

[0176] A nucleic acid sequence encoding the human G12V RAS-reactive 4391 TCR of Example 4, including a cysteine-substituted LVL-modified mouse constant region, was cloned into a retroviral expression vector. The α chain mouse constant region consisted of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, where X at position 48 is Cys, X at position 112 is Leu, X at position 114 is Ile, and X at position 115 is Val. The resulting full-length α chain consisted of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23. The β chain constant region comprised the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, where X at position 57 is Cys. The resulting full-length β chain comprised the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. RAKRSGSGATNFSL L A linker containing the amino acid sequence KQAGDVEENPGP (SEQ ID NO: 25) was placed between the α chain constant region and the β chain variable region. The sequences as provided are codon-optimized.

[0177] To allow for cloning, the second amino acid in the N-terminal signal peptide was changed to alanine (A). This example describes the synthesis of a bicistronic vector in the 5'TCRβ to 3'TCRα direction, although the order of TCRβ to TCRα can be reversed.

[0178] The amino acid sequences of the TCR α and β chain variable regions are shown in Table 7. The CDRs are underlined.

[0179] [Table 7-1]

[0180] [Table 7-2]

[0181] Example 6 This example demonstrates that PBLs transfected with the retroviral vector of Example 5 specifically recognize RAS G12V.

[0182] PBLs from healthy donors were transduced with the 4391 TCR. Transduced PBLs were cocultured with autologous DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or ME WT 4 (WT sequence of ME 8; AGGVGKSAL (SEQ ID NO: 26)).

[0183] Reactivity was verified by IFNγ ELISPOT (Fig. 5A) and 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry gating on CD8+ (Fig. 5B) and CD4 (Fig. 5C).

[0184] Example 7 This example demonstrates that TILs reactive to RAS G12V were identified from tumor specimens of colon cancer patient 4385.

[0185] TILs isolated from tumor fragment F11 of patient 4385 were screened for reactivity using an IFNγ ELISPOT assay against DCs loaded with peptide pools (PP) or transfected with tandem minigene (TMG) mRNA.

[0186] Reactive TILs were confirmed in tumor slice F11 against TMG2 and PP3, which contain the RAS G12V antigen. The results are shown in Figure 6.

[0187] Specific peptides were tested and found to be reactive against RAS G12V.

[0188] Example 8 This example demonstrates the isolation of a TCR from TILs of patient 4385 with antigen specificity for the human RAS G12V mutation presented by HLA-C*01:02.

[0189] It was confirmed that TILs from tumor fragment F11 of patient 4385 recognized RAS G12V but not RAS WT.

[0190] To sequence the reactive TCR, reactive TILs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on upregulation of the T cell activation marker 4-1BB / OX40. Cells were then lysed and TCR transcripts were Sanger sequenced.

[0191] Example 9 This example demonstrates how to prepare a retroviral vector containing a nucleotide sequence encoding the human anti-G12V TCR of Example 8 and a modified murine constant region.

[0192] A nucleic acid sequence encoding the human RAS G12V-reactive 4385 TCR and containing a cysteine-substituted LVL-modified mouse constant region was cloned into a retroviral expression vector. The α chain mouse constant region was found to contain the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17, with X at position 48 being Cys, X at position 112 being Leu, X at position 114 being Ile, and X at position 115 being Val. The resulting full-length α chain consisted of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39. The β chain constant region contained the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18, with X at position 57 being Cys. The resulting full-length β chain contained the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40. RAKRSGSGATNFSL L A linker containing the amino acid sequence KQAGDVEENPGP (SEQ ID NO: 25) was placed between the α chain constant region and the β chain variable region. The sequences as provided are codon-optimized.

[0193] To allow for cloning, the second amino acid in the N-terminal signal peptide was changed to alanine (A). This example describes the synthesis of a bicistronic vector in the 5'TCRβ to 3'TCRα direction, although the order of TCRβ to TCRα can be reversed.

[0194] The amino acid sequences of the TCR α and β chain variable regions are shown in Table 8. The CDRs are underlined.

[0195] [Table 8-1]

[0196] [Table 8-2]

[0197] Example 10 This example shows the reactivity of TILs from tumor slice F11 to RAS G12V compared to TCR4 originally isolated from F11.

[0198] 4385 (TCR4) was virally transduced into 4385 PBL. Transduced cells and TIL F11 were then transduced with DCs loaded with peptides indicated as LP / ME or with genes indicated as TMG / full length (FL). mRNA Transfected DC The reactivity was CD8+ (Figure 7A) and CD4+ (Figure 7B). 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry assay gated on and IFNγ ELISPOT ( Fig. 7C )of It was tested using.

[0199] TCR4 PBL that introduced and TIL F1 1 is , ras G12V FL and TMG2 (containing the RAS G12V antigen) genes, and ras G12V LP. Among the ME peptides shown in Table 6, the greatest reactivity was detected with ME8.

[0200] Example 11 This example demonstrates that TILs isolated from tumor fragment F11 of patient 4385 specifically recognize RAS G12V presented by HLA-C*01:02.

[0201] TIL F11- and TCR4-transduced cells were cocultured with MHC-I-transfected COS7 cells (30,000 Cos7 cells transfected with 100 ng of HLA pulsed + TMG were cocultured with 20,000 T cells). Reactivity to C*01:02 was observed.

[0202] Figure 8A shows the 438 of 5 1 is a dot plot showing the effect of TCR transduction into PBLs and the CD8 / CD4 population distribution of the cells used in this experiment.

[0203] Results are from IFNγ ELISPOT (FIG. 8B) assays and 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry (Table 9). The percentage of 4-1BB+ / OX40+ cells in the CD8+ gated cells was calculated as follows: TCR In 4 Traits introduction 4385PBL or TIL fragment 11 (F11) , suddenly Mutant (Mut) RAS mini gene TMG encoding (including G12V) , and six HLA alleles expressed by patient 4385 (HLA-A * 01.01, HLA-A * 02:07, HLA-B * 18:02, HLA-B * 46:01, HLA-C * 01:02 or HLA-C * 07:04)) DNA transfection COS7 cell line Co-culture with In response to R .

[0204] [Table 9]

[0205] Example 12 In this example, we present a titration assay using FACS and ELISPOT (4385 TIL F11).

[0206] 4385 TIL F11 were co-cultured with autologous DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS LP (G12V / WT).

[0207] Reactivity was tested by IFNγ ELISPOT (FIG. 9A), 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry gating on CD8 (FIG. 9B) and CD4 (FIG. 9C).

[0208] Example 13 In this example, we present a titration assay using FACS and ELISPOT (4385 transfected (Td)TCR4).

[0209] 4385 TCR4-transduced PBLs were co-cultured with autologous DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS LP (G12V / WT).

[0210] Reactivity was tested by IFNγ ELISPOT (FIG. 10A), 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry gating on CD8 (FIG. 10B) and CD4 (FIG. 10C).

[0211] Example 14 In this example, we present a titration assay (4385 TCR4-transduced (Td) healthy donor PBLs) using FACS and ELISPOT.

[0212] 4385 TCR4-transduced PBLs were co-cultured with 4385 DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8).

[0213] Reactivity was tested by IFNγ ELISPOT (FIG. 11A), 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry gating on CD8 (FIG. 11B) and CD4 (FIG. 11C).

[0214] Example 15 This example demonstrates that TILs reactive to RAS G12V were identified from tumor specimens of colon cancer patient 4394.

[0215] TILs from tumor fragments of patient 4394 were cocultured with autologous DCs loaded with RAS G12V ME8 or RAS LP (G12V or WT) or transfected with the RAS FL (G12V or WT) gene. TILs cocultured with DMSO-treated DCs served as a negative control. TILs nonspecifically stimulated with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. Reactivity was examined by IFNγ ELISPOT (Figure 12A) and 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry with gating on CD8 (Figure 12B) and CD4 (Figure 12C).

[0216] Example 16 This example demonstrates that TILs isolated from tumor fragment F12 of patient 4394 specifically recognize RAS G12V.

[0217] TILs from tumor fragment F12 of patient 4394 were co-cultured with autologous DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8) after enrichment of TILs. Reactivity was tested using a 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry assay gated on CD8 (Figure 13A) and 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry gated on CD8 (Figure 13B). After sort enrichment, cells were tested by IFNγ ELISPOT (FIG. 13B). TILs nonspecifically stimulated by co-culture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads material served as a positive control. Nori Ta.

[0218] Two TCRs of fragment F12 (designated TCRA and TCRB) were further studied.

[0219] [Table 10]

[0220] It was found that TCRA and TCRB were restrained by C*01:02.

[0221] Example 17 This example demonstrates the isolation of a TCR from TILs of patient 4394 with antigen specificity for the human RAS G12V mutation presented by HLA-C*01:02.

[0222] TILs from tumor section F12 of patient 4394 were determined in Examples 15 and 16 to recognize RAS G12V and not WT RAS.

[0223] To identify TCR sequences, reactive TILs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on upregulation of the T cell activation marker 4-1BB / OX40. Cells were then lysed and TCR transcripts were Sanger sequenced.

[0224] Example 18 This example demonstrates how to prepare a retroviral vector containing a nucleotide sequence encoding the human anti-RAS G12V TCR of Example 17 and a modified murine constant region.

[0225] The nucleic acid sequence encoding the human RAS G12V-reactive 4394 TCRA of Example 17, including the cysteine-substituted and LVL-modified mouse constant region, was cloned into a retroviral expression vector. The α-chain mouse constant region consisted of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, where X at position 48 is Cys, X at position 112 is Leu, X at position 114 is Ile, and X at position 115 is Val. The resulting full-length α-chain consisted of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74. The β-chain constant region comprised the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, where X at position 57 is Cys. The resulting full-length β-chain comprised the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75. RAKRSGSGATNFSL LA linker containing the amino acid sequence KQAGDVEENPGP (SEQ ID NO: 25) was placed between the α chain constant region and the β chain variable region. The sequences as provided are codon-optimized.

[0226] To allow for cloning, the second amino acid in the N-terminal signal peptide was changed to alanine (A). This example describes the synthesis of a bicistronic vector in the 5'TCRβ to 3'TCRα direction, although the order of TCRβ to TCRα can be reversed.

[0227] The amino acid sequences of the TCR α and β chain variable regions are shown in Table 11. The CDRs are underlined.

[0228] [Table 11-1]

[0229] [Table 11-2]

[0230] Example 19 This example presents assays using FACS and ELISPOT (4394-transformed (Td)TCRA and TCRB from Example 18).

[0231] 4394 TCRA- and 4394 TCRB-transduced PBLs were cocultured with autologous DCs transduced with RAS G12V ME8, RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8), RAS LP (G12V or WT), or RAS WT FL or RAS G12V FL mRNA. Cells cocultured with DMSO-treated DCs served as a negative control. PBLs nonspecifically stimulated by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as a positive control.

[0232] Reactivity was tested by IFNγ ELISPOT (FIG. 14A) and 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry by gating on CD4 (FIG. 14B) and CD8 (FIG. 14C).

[0233] Example 20 This example presents a titration assay using FACS and ELISPOT (4394 TCRA-transformed (Td) healthy donor PBLs from Example 18).

[0234] 4394 TCRA-transduced PBLs were cocultured with 4394 DCs loaded with different concentrations of RAS G12V ME8 or RAS ME WT4 (WT sequence of ME8). PBLs cultured alone in DMSO served as a negative control. PBLs nonspecifically stimulated by coculture with anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 Dynabeads served as a positive control. Reactivity was tested by IFNγ ELISPOT (FIG. 15A) and 41BB / OX40 flow cytometry by gating on CD4 (FIG. 15B) and CD8 (FIG. 15C).

[0235] All references cited herein, including publications, patent applications, and patents, are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference was individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and to the same extent as if each reference were set forth in its entirety herein.

[0236] With regard to describing the present invention (particularly with regard to the claims that follow), use of the terms "a," "an," "the," and "at least one" and similar referents should be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise stated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of the term "at least one" after a list of one or more items (e.g., "at least one of A and B") should be construed to mean any one item (A or B) selected from the listed items or any combination of two or more of the listed items (A and B), unless otherwise stated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" should be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to"), unless otherwise stated. Recitation of ranges of values ​​herein is intended solely to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, and each separate value is incorporated herein as if it were individually set forth herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples or exemplary phrases (e.g., "such as") provided herein is intended only to better illustrate the invention and does not impose limitations on the scope of the invention unless specifically claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0237] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of these preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors anticipate that those of ordinary skill in the art will employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Claims

1. 1. An isolated or purified T cell receptor (TCR), comprising: (a) an α chain complementarity determining region (CDR) 1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, an α chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, an α chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, a β chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, a β chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, and a β chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; (b) an α chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, an α chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, an α chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, a β chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, a β chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, and a β chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; or (c) an α chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, an α chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, an α chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66, a β chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, a β chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, and a β chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69; comprising the amino acid sequence the TCR has antigen specificity for a mutated human RAS amino acid sequence presented by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule; wherein the mutant human RAS amino acid sequence is the amino acid sequence of a mutant human Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), a mutant human Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), or a mutant human neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), the mutated human RAS amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO:29 or SEQ ID NO:30, and A TCR in which the HLA class I molecule is an HLA-C*01:02 molecule.

2. 2. The isolated or purified TCR of claim 1, (i) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7; (ii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8; (iii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (iv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91; (v) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; (vi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; (vii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92; (viii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93; (ix) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70; (x) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71; (xi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 132; (xii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 133; (xiii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; (xiv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; (xv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94; (xvi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85; (xvii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95; (xviii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49; (xix) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; (xx) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96; (xxi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; (xxii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97; (xxiii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72; (xxvi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73; (xxv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; (xxvi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (xxvii) both (i) and (ii), both (i) and (iv), both (ii) and (iii), both (iii) and (iv), both (v) and (vi), both (v) and (viii), both (vi) and (vii), both (vii) and (viii), both (ix) and (x), both (ix) and (xii), both (x) and (xi), both (xi) and (xii), both (xiii) and (xiv), both (xiii) and (xvi), both (xiii) and (xvii). Alternatively, a TCR comprising both (xiv) and (xv), both (xv) and (xvi), both (xv) and (xvii), both (xviii) and (xix), both (xviii) and (xxi), both (xviii) and (xxii), both (xix) and (xx), both (xx) and (xxi), both (xx) and (xxii), both (xxiii) and (xxiv), both (xxiii) and (xxiii), both (xxiv) and (xxv), or both (xxv) and (xxvi).

3. 3. The isolated or purified TCR of claim 1 or 2, (a) an alpha chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; (i) X at position 48 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 112 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 114 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an α chain constant region, in which X at position 115 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) a β chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, wherein X at position 57 of SEQ ID NO: 18 is Ser or Cys; or (c) Both (a) and (b) The TCR further comprises:

4. The isolated or purified TCR of any one of claims 1 to 3, (a) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 22 is Ser or Cys; (c) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (d) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101, wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 101 is Ser or Cys; (e) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (f) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 42 is Ser or Cys; (g) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (h) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107, wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 107 is Ser or Cys; (i) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (j) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75, wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys; (k) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 136, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (l) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137, wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys; (m) both (a) and (b), both (a) and (d), both (b) and (c), or both (c) and (d); (n) both (e) and (f), both (e) and (h), both (f) and (g), or both (g) and (h); (n) both (i) and (j), both (i) and (l), both (j) and (k), or both (k) and (l); (o) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (p) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 56 is Ser or Cys; (q) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112, wherein (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (r) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113, wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 113 is Ser or Cys; (s) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (t) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 58 is Ser or Cys; (u) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118, (i) X at position 161 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 228 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (v) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 119, wherein X at position 103178 of SEQ ID NO: 119 is Ser or Cys; (w) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76, (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (x) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77, wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 77 is Ser or Cys; (y) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144, (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (z) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145, wherein X at position 166 of SEQ ID NO: 145 is Ser or Cys; (aa) both (o) and (p), or both (q) and (r); (bb) both (s) and (t), or both (u) and (v); (cc) both (w) and (x), or both (y) and (z); (dd) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51; (ee) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52; (ff) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 114; (gg) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; (hh) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 128; (ii) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 129; (jj) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 116; (kk) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117; (ll) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53; (mm) a β-chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; (nn) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 120; (oo) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 121; (pp) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 130; (qq) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 131; (rr) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 122; (ss) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123; (tt) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; (uu) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81; (vv) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146; (ww) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146; (xx) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; (yy) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143; (zz) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; (aaa) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149; (bbb) both (dd) and (ee), both (ff) and (gg), both (hh) and (ii), or both (jj) and (kk); (ccc) both (ll) and (mm), both (nn) and (oo), both (pp) and (qq), or both (rr) and (ss); (ddd) both (tt) and (uu), both (vv) and (ww), both (xx) and (yy), or both (zz) and (aaa), (eee) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; (fff) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; (ggg) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; (hhh) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; (iii) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 124; (jjj) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125; (kkk) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104; (lll) a beta chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; (mmm) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; (nnn) a β-chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; (ooo) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108; (ppp) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 109; (qqq) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 126; (rrr) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127; (sss) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 110; (ttt) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 111; (uuu) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78; (vvv) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79; (www) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 138; (xxx) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139; (yyy) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 134; (zzz) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135; (aaaa) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140; (bbbb) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141; (dddd) both (eee) and (fff), both (eee) and (hhh), both (fff) and (ggg), both (ggg) and (hhh), both (iii) and (jjj), both (iii) and (ll), both (jjj) and (kkk), or both (kkk) and (ll), (eeee), both (mmm) and (nnn), both (mmm) and (ppp), both (nnn) and (ooo), both (ooo) and (ppp), both (qqq) and (rrr), both (qqq) and (ttt), both (rrr) and (sss), or both (sss) and (ttt), or (ffff) both (uuu) and (vvv), both (uuu) and (xxx), both (vvv) and (www), both (www) and (xxx), both (yyy) and (zzz), both (yyy) and (bbbb), both (yyy) and (aaaa), or both (aaaa) and (bbbb) Including, TCR.

5. 5. An isolated or purified polypeptide comprising a functional portion of the TCR of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the functional portion has the following amino acid sequence: (a) a TCR α chain complementarity determining region (CDR) 1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, a TCR α chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, a TCR α chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, a TCR β chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, a TCR β chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, and a TCR β chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; (b) a TCR alpha chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, a TCR alpha chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, a TCR alpha chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, a TCR beta chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, a TCR beta chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, and a TCR beta chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; or (c) a TCR alpha chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, a TCR alpha chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, a TCR alpha chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66, a TCR beta chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, a TCR beta chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, and a TCR beta chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 A polypeptide comprising:

6. 6. The isolated or purified polypeptide of claim 5, The functional parts are: (i) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7; (ii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8; (iii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (iv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91; (v) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; (vi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; (vii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92; (viii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93; (ix) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70; (x) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71; (xi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 132; (xii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 133; (xiii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; (xiv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; (xv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94; (xvi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85; (xvii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95; (xviii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49; (xix) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; (xx) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96; (xxi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87; (xxii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97; (xxiii) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72; (xxvi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73; (xxv) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; (xxvi) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (xxvii) both (i) and (ii), both (i) and (iv), both (ii) and (iii), both (iii) and (iv), both (v) and (vi), both (v) and (viii), both (vi) and (vii), both (vii) and (viii), both (ix) and (x), both (ix) and (xii), both (x) and (xi), both (xi) and (xii), both (xiii) and (xiv), both (xiii) and (xvi), (xiii) and (xvii) i), both (xiv) and (xv), both (xv) and (xvi), both (xv) and (xvii), both (xviii) and (xix), both (xviii) and (xxi), both (xviii) and (xxii), both (xix) and (xx), both (xx) and (xxi), both (xx) and (xxii), both (xxiii) and (xxiv), both (xxiii) and (xxvi), both (xxiv) and (xxv), or both (xxv) and (xxvi). A polypeptide comprising:

7. 7. The isolated or purified polypeptide of claim 5 or 6, (a) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, wherein: (i) X at position 48 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 112 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 114 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, or Trp and (iv) an amino acid sequence in which X at position 115 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, wherein X at position 57 of SEQ ID NO: 18 is Ser or Cys; or (c) Both (a) and (b) A polypeptide comprising:

8. 8. The isolated or purified polypeptide of any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising: (a) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 22 is Ser or Cys; (c) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (d) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101, wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 101 is Ser or Cys; (e) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (f) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 42 is Ser or Cys; (g) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (h) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107, wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 107 is Ser or Cys; (i) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (j) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75, wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys; (k) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 136, (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (l) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137, wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys; (m) both (a) and (b), both (a) and (d), both (b) and (c), or both (c) and (d); (n) both (e) and (f), both (e) and (h), both (f) and (g), or both (g) and (h); (n) both (i) and (j), both (i) and (l), both (j) and (k), or both (k) and (l); (o) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (p) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 56 is Ser or Cys; (q) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112, (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (r) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113, wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 113 is Ser or Cys; (s) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (t) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 58 is Ser or Cys; (u) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118, (i) X at position 161 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 228 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (v) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 119, wherein X at position 103178 of SEQ ID NO: 119 is Ser or Cys; (w) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76, (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, in which X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (x) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77, wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 77 is Ser or Cys; (y) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144, (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) an alpha chain, wherein X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (z) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145, wherein X at position 166 of SEQ ID NO: 145 is Ser or Cys; (aa) both (o) and (p), or both (q) and (r); (bb) both (s) and (t), or both (u) and (v); (cc) both (w) and (x), or both (y) and (z); (dd) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51; (ee) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52; (ff) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 114; (gg) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; (hh) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 128; (ii) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 129; (jj) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 116; (kk) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117; (ll) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53; (mm) a β-chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; (nn) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 120; (oo) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 121; (pp) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 130; (qq) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 131; (rr) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 122; (ss) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123; (tt) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; (uu) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81; (vv) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146; (ww) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146; (xx) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; (yy) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143; (zz) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; (aaa) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149; (bbb) both (dd) and (ee), both (ff) and (gg), both (hh) and (ii), or both (jj) and (kk); (ccc) both (ll) and (mm), both (nn) and (oo), both (pp) and (qq), or both (rr) and (ss); (ddd) both (tt) and (uu), both (vv) and (ww), both (xx) and (yy), or both (zz) and (aaa), (eee) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; (fff) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; (ggg) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; (hhh) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; (iii) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 124; (jjj) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125; (kkk) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104; (lll) a beta chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; (mmm) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; (nnn) a β-chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; (ooo) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108; (ppp) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 109; (qqq) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 126; (rrr) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127; (sss) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 110; (ttt) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 111; (uuu) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78; (vvv) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79; (www) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 138; (xxx) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139; (yyy) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 134; (zzz) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135; (aaaa) an alpha chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140; (bbbb) a β chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141; (dddd) both (eee) and (fff), both (eee) and (hhh), both (fff) and (ggg), both (ggg) and (hhh), both (iii) and (jjj), both (iii) and (ll), both (jjj) and (kkk), or both (kkk) and (ll), (eeee), both (mmm) and (nnn), both (mmm) and (ppp), both (nnn) and (ooo), both (ooo) and (ppp), both (qqq) and (rrr), both (qqq) and (ttt), both (rrr) and (sss), or both (sss) and (ttt), or (ffff) both (uuu) and (vvv), both (uuu) and (xxx); both (vvv) and (www), both (www) and (xxx), both (yyy) and (zzz), both (yyy) and (bbbb), both (yyy) and (aaaa), or both (aaaa) and (bbbb) A polypeptide comprising:

9. Isolated or purified proteins And, below: (a) a first polypeptide chain comprising a T cell receptor (TCR) α chain complementarity determining region (CDR) 1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, a TCR α chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and a TCR α chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and a second polypeptide chain comprising a TCR β chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, a TCR β chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, and a TCR β chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; (b) a first polypeptide chain comprising a TCR alpha chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, a TCR alpha chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, and a TCR alpha chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, and a second polypeptide chain comprising a TCR beta chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, a TCR beta chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, and a TCR beta chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; or (c) a first polypeptide chain comprising a TCR alpha chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, a TCR alpha chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, and a TCR alpha chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66, and a second polypeptide chain comprising a TCR beta chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, a TCR beta chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, and a TCR beta chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69; Including, the protein has antigen specificity for a mutated human RAS amino acid sequence presented by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule; wherein the mutant human RAS amino acid sequence is the amino acid sequence of a mutant human Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), a mutant human Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), or a mutant human neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), the mutated human RAS amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO:29 or SEQ ID NO:30, and A protein, wherein the HLA class I molecule is an HLA-C*01:02 molecule.

10. 10. The isolated or purified protein of claim 9, Where: (i) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7; (ii) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8; (iii) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (iv) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91; (v) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; (vi) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; (vii) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92; (viii) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93; (ix) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70; (x) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71; (xi) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 132; (xii) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 133; (xiii) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

47. (xiv) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

48. (xv) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94; (xvi) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85; (xvii) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

95. (xviii) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

49. (xix) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

50. (xx) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96; (xxi) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

87. (xxii) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

97. (xxiii) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

72. (xxvi) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

73. (xxv) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88; (xxvi) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

89. (xxvii) both (i) and (ii), both (i) and (iv), both (ii) and (iii), both (iii) and (iv), both (v) and (vi), both (v) and (viii), both (vi) and (vii), both (vii) and (viii), both (ix) and (x), both (ix) and (xii), both (x) and (xi), both (xi) and (xii), both (xiii) and (xiv), both (xiii) and (xvi), (xiii) and (xvii) i), both (xiv) and (xv), both (xv) and (xvi), both (xv) and (xvii), both (xviii) and (xix), both (xviii) and (xxi), both (xviii) and (xxii), both (xix) and (xx), both (xx) and (xxi), both (xx) and (xxii), both (xxiii) and (xxiv), both (xxiii) and (xxvi), both (xxiv) and (xxv), or both (xxv) and (xxvi). That is, protein.

11. 11. The isolated or purified protein of claim 9 or 10, Where: (a) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, wherein: (i) X at position 48 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 112 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 114 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 115 of SEQ ID NO: 17 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, wherein X at position 57 of SEQ ID NO: 18 is Ser or Cys; or (c) Both (a) and (b) That is, protein.

12. 12. The isolated or purified protein according to any one of claims 9 to 11, Where: (a) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, wherein: (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 21 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (b) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 22 is Ser or Cys; (c) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100, wherein: (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 100 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (d) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101, wherein X at position 190 of SEQ ID NO: 101 is Ser or Cys; (e) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 41 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (f) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 42 is Ser or Cys; (g) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, wherein: (i) X at position 181 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 245 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 106 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (h) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107, wherein X at position 195 of SEQ ID NO: 107 is Ser or Cys; (i) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74, wherein: (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 74 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (j) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75, wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys; (k) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 136, wherein: (i) X at position 180 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 244 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 246 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 136 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (l) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137, wherein X at position 187 of SEQ ID NO: 75 is Ser or Cys; (m) both (a) and (b), both (a) and (d), both (b) and (c), or both (c) and (d); (n) both (e) and (f), both (e) and (h), both (f) and (g), or both (g) and (h); (n) both (i) and (j), both (i) and (l), both (j) and (k), or both (k) and (l); (o) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, wherein: (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 55 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (p) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 56 is Ser or Cys; (q) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 112, wherein: (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 112 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (r) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113, wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 113 is Ser or Cys; (s) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, wherein: (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 57 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (t) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, wherein X at position 173 of SEQ ID NO: 58 is Ser or Cys; (u) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118, wherein: (i) X at position 161 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 228 of SEQ ID NO: 118 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (v) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 119, wherein X at position 103178 of SEQ ID NO: 119 is Ser or Cys; (w) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76, wherein: (i) X at position 159 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 223 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 225 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 76 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (x) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77, wherein X at position 168 of SEQ ID NO: 77 is Ser or Cys; (y) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 144, wherein: (i) X at position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Thr or Cys; (ii) X at position 224 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Ser, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (iii) X at position 226 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Met, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, or Trp; and (iv) X at position 227 of SEQ ID NO: 144 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Pro, Phe, Met, or Trp; (z) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145, wherein X at position 166 of SEQ ID NO: 145 is Ser or Cys; (aa) both (o) and (p), or both (q) and (r); (bb) both (s) and (t), or both (u) and (v); (cc) both (w) and (x), or both (y) and (z); (dd) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51; (ee) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52; (ff) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 114; (gg) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115; (hh) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 128; (ii) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 129; (jj) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 116; (kk) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117; (ll) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53; (mm) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; (nn) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 120; (oo) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 121; (pp) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 130; (qq) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 131; (rr) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 122; (ss) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123; (tt) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80; (uu) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81; (vv) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146; (ww) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 146; (xx) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 142; (yy) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143; (zz) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 148; (aaa) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149; (bbb) both (dd) and (ee), both (ff) and (gg), Both (hh) and (ii), or both (jj) and (kk); (ccc) both (ll) and (mm), both (nn) and (oo), both (pp) and (qq), or both (rr) and (ss); (ddd) both (tt) and (uu), both (vv) and (ww), both (xx) and (yy), or both (zz) and (aaa), (eee) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; (fff) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; (ggg) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102; (hhh) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103; (iii) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 124; (jjj) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125; (kkk) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104; (lll) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105; (mmm) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; (nnn) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; (ooo) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108; (ppp) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 109; (qqq) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 126; (rrr) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127; (sss) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 110; (ttt) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 111; (uuu) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78; (vvv) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79; (www) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 138; (xxx) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 139; (yyy) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 134; (zzz) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135; (aaaa) the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140; (bbbb) the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141; (dddd) both (eee) and (fff), both (eee) and (hhh), both (fff) and (ggg), both (ggg) and (hhh), both (iii) and (jjj), both (iii) and (ll), both (jjj) and (kkk), or both (kkk) and (ll), (eeee), both (mmm) and (nnn), both (mmm) and (ppp), both (nnn) and (ooo), both (ooo) and (ppp), both (qqq) and (rrr), both (qqq) and (ttt), both (rrr) and (sss), or both (sss) and (ttt), or (ffff) both (uuu) and (vvv), both (uuu) and (xxx), both (vvv) and (www), both (www) and (xxx), both (yyy) and (zzz), both (yyy) and (bbbb), both (yyy) and (aaaa), or both (aaaa) and (bbbb) That is, protein.

13. An isolated or purified nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the TCR of any one of claims 1 to 4, the polypeptide of any one of claims 5 to 8, or the protein of any one of claims 9 to 12.

14. A recombinant expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim 13.

15. 15. An isolated or purified host cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 13 or the recombinant expression vector of claim 14.

16. 16. A population of isolated or purified cells comprising the host cell of claim 15.

17. (a) a TCR according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a polypeptide according to any one of claims 5 to 8, or a protein according to any one of claims 9 to 12, a nucleic acid according to claim 13, a recombinant expression vector according to claim 14, a host cell according to claim 15, or a cell population according to claim 16, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier A pharmaceutical composition comprising:

18. A pharmaceutical composition for inducing an immune response against cancer in a mammal, comprising as an active ingredient the TCR according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the polypeptide according to any one of claims 5 to 8, or the protein according to any one of claims 9 to 12, the nucleic acid according to claim 13, the recombinant expression vector according to claim 14, the host cell according to claim 15, the cell population according to claim 16, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17.

19. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing cancer in a mammal, comprising as an active ingredient the TCR according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the polypeptide according to any one of claims 5 to 8, or the protein according to any one of claims 9 to 12, the nucleic acid according to claim 13, the recombinant expression vector according to claim 14, the host cell according to claim 15, the cell population according to claim 16, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17; the cancer expresses a mutant human RAS amino acid sequence in which glycine at position 12 is replaced with valine; wherein the mutant human RAS amino acid sequence is a mutant human Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), a mutant human Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), or a mutant human neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) amino acid sequence; and wherein position 12 is defined with reference to wild-type human KRAS, wild-type human HRAS, or wild-type human NRAS protein, respectively.

20. 20. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, or prostate cancer.

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