Anomaly detection device and anomaly detection method

Abstract

To improve accuracy of detection of abnormality in a railway facility operated by an induction motor.SOLUTION: An abnormality detection device 1 acquires motor drive information which is the motor voltage and motor current of an induction motor 7 of a switch 9 of a railway facility, calculates a torque equivalent value based on mutual inductance of the induction motor 7 during switching operation of the switch 9 based on the motor drive information, and determines the presence / absence of abnormality of the switch 9 based on the torque equivalent value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an abnormality detection device for railway equipment. [Background technology]

[0002] Various methods have been proposed for detecting abnormalities in point machines, which are a type of railway equipment. For example, a well-known method is to determine whether or not a point machine has an abnormality by comparing the motor current waveform during point machine switching operation with a standard waveform, which is the motor current waveform of a normal point machine (for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-144714 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] If there is an abnormality in a point machine during switching operation, the torque of the motor that operates that point machine tends to fluctuate (increase). Because the torque fluctuation (increase) appears as a fluctuation (increase) in the motor current, it is possible to determine point machine abnormalities from the motor current during switching operation. However, when an induction motor is used to operate a point machine, there is an issue that slippage (motor slippage) that occurs in the induction motor reduces the detection accuracy of abnormalities based on the motor current.

[0005] Due to its structural principle, induction motors have the characteristic that when the motor voltage fluctuates under a constant load, slip occurs to maintain a constant torque, causing the motor current to fluctuate. Normally, when multiple point machines are installed in a station, they are often configured so that the induction motors of each point machine are supplied with drive power from a common power source. Furthermore, because point machines are switched according to the set train route, the number and combination of point machines operating simultaneously are not constant. For this reason, a constant and stable drive power is not always supplied with each switching operation. Depending on the number and combination of point machines operating simultaneously, the motor voltage of the point machine performing the switching operation fluctuates (decreases). This fluctuation (decrease) in motor voltage causes a fluctuation (decrease) in motor current due to motor slip.

[0006] Therefore, the motor current of an induction motor fluctuates due to abnormalities in the point machine, which is the load, and also due to motor slippage.This makes it impossible to distinguish whether fluctuations in motor current are due to a point machine abnormality or motor slippage, which reduces the accuracy of abnormality detection.This issue is not limited to point machines, but also applies to other railway equipment that is operated by induction motors, such as level crossing gates and platform fences.

[0007] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the accuracy of detecting abnormalities in railway equipment operated by induction motors. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The first invention to solve the above problem is: An acquisition means (for example, the acquisition unit 202 in FIG. 8) for acquiring motor drive information, which is a motor voltage and a motor current of an induction motor, for railway equipment that is stopped again after performing a specified operation from a stopped state by controlling power supply to the induction motor; a calculation means (for example, the calculation unit 204 in FIG. 8) that calculates a torque equivalent value based on the mutual inductance of the induction motor during the specified operation based on the motor drive information; a determination means (for example, the determination unit 206 in FIG. 8) that determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value; The abnormality detection device is provided with:

[0009] Other inventions include: Acquiring motor drive information, which is the motor voltage and motor current of the induction motor, relating to railway equipment that is stopped again after performing a specified operation from a stopped state by controlling the power supply to the induction motor (for example, step S1 of FIG. 10); Calculating a torque equivalent value based on the mutual inductance of the induction motor during the specified operation based on the motor drive information (for example, step S3 in FIG. 10); Determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value (for example, steps S5 to S15 in FIG. 10); The anomaly detection method may include the following.

[0010] According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting abnormalities in railway equipment operated by induction motors. In other words, when the motor voltage of an induction motor fluctuates even when there is no abnormality in the railway equipment (load), slip (motor slip) occurs so as not to fluctuate the torque. This motor slip is a fluctuation in the state of electromagnetic coupling between the primary and secondary sides of the induction motor, and causes fluctuations in the motor current, which is the current on the primary side.

[0011] Furthermore, a torque equivalent value can be calculated based on the mutual inductance, which indicates the electromagnetic coupling state of the induction motor, from the relational expression between the motor voltage, motor current, and impedance on the primary side of the induction motor. The torque equivalent value calculated in this way is not affected by fluctuations in motor voltage and is a value correlated with the torque of the induction motor. Therefore, by using the torque equivalent value, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not there is an abnormality in railway equipment.

[0012] The second invention is the first invention, the specified operation includes, as an operation period, at least a motor start-up period and a stable period following the motor start-up period; The determination means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value during the motor start-up period, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value during the stable period. It is an abnormality detection device.

[0013] Motor slip due to motor voltage is dominant during the motor starting period when the induction motor begins to rotate. The stable period following the motor starting period is a period during which the rotational operation of the induction motor stabilizes. For example, if the railway equipment is a point machine, the operation of the point machine goes through a process in which only the drive mechanism inside the point machine is loaded, followed by a process in which the operating rod is linearly moved to operate the tongue rail. When the motor slip subsides and the motor starting period ends, the process is still in which only the drive mechanism inside the point machine is loaded. Therefore, the predetermined period following the motor starting period is a stable period in which the torque of the induction motor is stable. Other railway equipment drive mechanisms also have gears, bearings, clutches, etc., and have similar stable periods. Therefore, as in the second invention, it is possible to determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value during the motor starting period, or based on the torque equivalent value during the stable period.

[0014] The third invention is the second invention, The determination means arranges the time-series changes in the torque equivalent value relating to the plurality of specified operations on the same time axis with the start points of the stable periods aligned, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the difference in the torque equivalent value between the specified operations after the start point of the stable period. It is an abnormality detection device.

[0015] The time related to the motor starting period varies depending on motor slippage, which in turn varies the start point of the stable period. Therefore, as in the third invention, by aligning the start points of the stable periods of the time-series changes in the torque equivalent value related to multiple specified operations and basing the determination on the difference in the torque equivalent value between specified operations after the start point of the stable period, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment.

[0016] The fourth invention is the second invention, the determination means arranges the time-series change of the torque equivalent value related to the specified operation and a given reference time-series change on the same time axis with the start point of the stable period aligned, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the difference in the torque equivalent value after the start point of the stable period. It is an abnormality detection device.

[0017] The time related to the motor starting period varies depending on motor slippage, which also varies the start point of the stable period. For this reason, as in the fourth aspect of the present invention, for example, the time series change in the torque equivalent value related to the specified operation when the railway equipment is in a normal state is used as the reference time series change, the start points of the stable periods of the time series change in the torque equivalent value related to the specified operation and the reference time series change are aligned, and the presence or absence of an abnormality in the railway equipment can be determined accurately based on the difference in the torque equivalent value after the start point of the stable period.

[0018] A fifth invention is any one of the second to fourth inventions, the determining means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on whether or not the maximum value of the torque equivalent value during the motor start-up period satisfies a predetermined normal range condition. It is an abnormality detection device.

[0019] If there is an abnormality in the internal mechanism of the railway equipment, the torque of the induction motor tends to increase due to an increase in load when the railway equipment starts its normal operation. Therefore, as in the fifth aspect of the present invention, the presence or absence of an abnormality in the railway equipment can be determined by whether the maximum torque equivalent value during the motor startup period when the induction motor begins to rotate satisfies the normal range condition.

[0020] A sixth aspect of the present invention is any one of the second to fifth aspects of the present invention, the determining means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on whether or not the time period related to the motor start-up period of the torque equivalent value satisfies a predetermined normal time condition. It is an abnormality detection device.

[0021] The time required for the induction motor's rotation to stabilize during the motor startup period varies depending on the motor slip caused by fluctuations in motor voltage, and this variation depends on the degree of motor slip, i.e., the fluctuation in motor voltage. Excessive fluctuations in motor voltage may be the cause or result of an abnormality in the railway equipment. Therefore, as in the sixth aspect of the present invention, the presence or absence of an abnormality in the railway equipment can be determined by whether the time required for the motor startup period, during which the induction motor begins to rotate, satisfies the normal time condition.

[0022] A seventh aspect of the present invention is any one of the second to sixth aspects of the present invention, the determination means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on whether or not the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period satisfies a predetermined stability condition. It is an abnormality detection device.

[0023] The torque of an induction motor is stable after the start of the stable period when the rotational operation of the induction motor stabilizes, but if an abnormality occurs during standard operation, for example, the torque of the induction motor tends to increase due to an increase in load. For this reason, as in the seventh invention, the presence or absence of an abnormality during standard operation of railway equipment can be determined by whether the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period satisfies the stability condition.

[0024] The eighth invention is any one of the first to seventh inventions, the induction motors of a plurality of the railway equipment, each of which can be individually controlled to perform the specified operation, are connected to a power supply line, and the power supplied to the induction motors of the railway equipment varies depending on the number of railway equipment that simultaneously perform the specified operation; It is an abnormality detection device.

[0025] According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of individually controlled induction motors of railway equipment are connected to a power supply line. Therefore, the power supplied to the induction motors of each piece of railway equipment is not necessarily constant and the same, but may fluctuate, which may result in different degrees of motor slip. However, according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, which has the effects of the first to seventh aspects of the present invention, even when a plurality of individually controlled induction motors of railway equipment are connected to a power supply line, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment.

[0026] A ninth aspect of the present invention is any one of the first to eighth aspects of the present invention, The railway equipment is any one of a point machine, a railroad crossing barrier, and a platform fence, the specified action includes a first specified action from a first stopped state to a second stopped state, and a second specified action from the second stopped state to the first stopped state, the acquiring means acquires the motor drive information by distinguishing between the first specified operation and the second specified operation; the determination means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment during the first prescribed operation based on the torque equivalent value related to the first prescribed operation, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment during the second prescribed operation based on the torque equivalent value related to the second prescribed operation. It is an abnormality detection device.

[0027] In railway equipment that performs multiple prescribed operations, the time series change in the torque equivalent value associated with each prescribed operation may differ for each prescribed operation. Therefore, as in the ninth invention, by distinguishing the prescribed operations and determining the torque equivalent value associated with each prescribed operation, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment. For example, in a point machine, the normal and reverse switching directions correspond to the first and second prescribed operations, in a railroad crossing barrier, the raising and lowering operations of the barrier correspond to the first and second prescribed operations, and in a platform fence, the opening and closing operations correspond to the first and second prescribed operations. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] 1 shows an example of the configuration of an anomaly detection device. [Figure 2] An example of a wiring diagram for the power supply supplied to the induction motor of a point machine. [Figure 3] 10 is an example of a voltage waveform and a current waveform related to a conversion operation. [Figure 4] Equivalent circuit diagram of an induction motor. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the impedance on the primary side of an induction motor. [Figure 6] 10 is an example of a waveform of a torque equivalent value related to a conversion operation. [Figure 7] 10 is an example of a waveform of a torque equivalent value related to a conversion operation. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a functional configuration diagram of the abnormality detection device. [Figure 9] An example of point machine management data. [Figure 10] 10 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection process. [Figure 11] 10 shows another example configuration of the anomaly detection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the forms to which the present invention can be applied are not limited to the following embodiments. In addition, in the description of the drawings, the same elements are given the same reference numerals.

[0030] [Overall configuration] 1 is a diagram showing an application example of the abnormality detection device 1 of this embodiment. The abnormality detection device 1 of this embodiment is a device that detects abnormalities in a point machine 9, which is an example of railway equipment, and is installed inside the point machine 9 or in an adjacent tool box.

[0031] The point machine 9 has an induction motor 7 as a drive source, and performs a switching operation by controlling the power supply to the induction motor 7. In other words, the point machine 9 performs a switching operation, which is a prescribed operation of switching the tongue rail to the normal position or the reverse position, by supplying power to the induction motor 7 that drives the point machine 9 from a stopped state and causing the induction motor 7 to rotate, and then stops supplying power to the induction motor 7, stopping the rotation, and returns to a stopped state again.

[0032] The abnormality detection device 1 acquires motor drive information, which is the motor voltage and motor current of the induction motor 7 of the point 9. Specifically, the motor voltage measured by a voltage sensor and the motor current measured by a current sensor are input and sampled at predetermined time intervals during the switching operation of the point 9, and then A / D converted and acquired as digital values. In other words, the motor drive information is time-series data of the motor voltage and motor current. The start and end of the switching operation of the point 9 can be determined, for example, by whether the motor current is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold or by a switching command from an external device. The abnormality detection device 1 then determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the corresponding point 9 based on the acquired motor drive information related to one switching operation.

[0033] [Determining whether there is an abnormality] When determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9, first, time-series data of a torque equivalent value is calculated based on time-series data of the motor voltage and motor current, which are motor drive information for one switching operation of the point 9. The torque equivalent value is a value equivalent to the torque of the induction motor 7. In this embodiment, the torque equivalent value k is calculated from the motor voltage V1 and motor current I1, which are motor drive information, according to the following equation (1).

number

[0034] In equation (1), "R1" is the resistance (real component) of the primary side (motor connection side: stator) of induction motor 7, and "ω" is the angular frequency of AC power supplied to induction motor 7. As will be described later, this torque equivalent value k is a value based on the mutual inductance M of induction motor 7, and in this embodiment, it is the reciprocal of the mutual inductance M (1 / M).

[0035] The torque equivalent value is used because slippage (motor slippage) occurs in the induction motor 7 due to fluctuations in motor voltage. In other words, if the load on the induction motor 7 changes (increases) due to some abnormality occurring during the switching operation of the point 9, the change (increase) in load results in a change (increase) in torque, which manifests as a change (increase) in motor current. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether an abnormality exists in the point 9 from the change (increase) in motor current. However, due to the structural principle of the induction motor 7, even if the load is constant, motor slippage occurs due to fluctuations in motor voltage, and this motor slippage also causes fluctuations in the motor current. In other words, a situation may arise in which it is impossible to determine whether a fluctuation in motor current is due to a load fluctuation or motor slippage from the motor current alone. For this reason, in this embodiment, the torque equivalent value calculated by Equation (1), which takes into account the motor voltage V1, a factor that causes motor slippage, is used to determine whether an abnormality exists in the point 9.

[0036] Fluctuations in motor voltage V1, which can cause motor slip in the induction motor 7, occur mainly for the following reasons. FIG. 2 shows an example of a wiring diagram of power supplied to the induction motors 7 of multiple points 9 in a station. Typically, multiple points 9 are installed in a station. The induction motors 7 of each of these points 9 are supplied with AC power from a power supply line, which is a crossover wiring from a common AC power source. The induction motors 7 in this embodiment are single-phase motors. Each point 9 can be individually controlled to determine whether or not it performs a switching operation. The supply of drive power to the induction motors 7 of each point 9 is controlled by turning on and off a switch SW provided between the power supply line and the induction motor 7. In other words, drive power is supplied only to the induction motors 7 of points 9 that are performing a switching operation, and drive power is not supplied to the induction motors 7 of points 9 that are not performing a switching operation.

[0037] Because induction motor 7 has low internal impedance, it requires excessive power when starting up. For this reason, depending on the number and combination of points 9 performing switching operations simultaneously, that is, the number and combination of induction motors 7 to which drive power is supplied simultaneously, the motor voltage V1 of induction motor 7 fluctuates due to voltage division by the cable impedance of the jumper wiring. This fluctuation in motor voltage V1 causes slippage of induction motor 7 (motor slip), and this motor slip causes the motor current of induction motor 7 to fluctuate.

[0038] Fig. 3 shows an example of the waveforms of the motor voltage and motor current of the induction motor 7 involved in the switching operation of the point machine 9, and schematically illustrates the motor current and motor voltage, which are discrete values, as continuous waveforms. In Fig. 3, the horizontal axis represents time, and the motor current waveform (current waveform) is shown on the upper side, and the motor voltage waveform (voltage waveform) is shown on the lower side. The start of the switching operation (startup of the induction motor 7) is set to "0 seconds."

[0039] Two types of operation control were performed: one where the point machine 9 was caused to perform multiple switching operations independently (i.e., the other point machines 9 did not perform switching operations), and one where the point machine 9 was caused to perform multiple switching operations simultaneously with the other point machines 9. When the point machine 9 was caused to perform switching operations independently, motor slip did not occur, but when the point machine 9 was caused to perform switching operations simultaneously with the other point machines 9, motor slip did occur. Figure 3 shows two overlapping waveform patterns: one for multiple switching operations in which motor slip did not occur (hereinafter referred to as a "waveform pattern without motor slip" or "no motor slip"), and one for multiple switching operations in which motor slip occurred (hereinafter referred to as a "waveform pattern with motor slip" or "motor slip").

[0040] The case where the point machine 9 performs a switching operation simultaneously with another point machine 9 means that the two point machines 9 are supplied with drive power from a common power source and perform switching operations simultaneously. Also, each waveform pattern shown in Fig. 3 is a waveform of a switching operation in which the switching direction (normal or reverse) is the same. Also, both the point machine 9 and the other point machine 9 are in a normal state.

[0041] According to the voltage waveforms in Fig. 3, the motor voltage of a point machine 9 differs depending on whether other point machines 9 are simultaneously performing switching operations, i.e., whether drive power is also supplied to the induction motors 7 of the other point machines 9. Also, during the stroke period, there is a time difference between when the point machine 9 performs a switching operation independently and when the point machine 9 performs a switching operation simultaneously with other point machines 9. The stroke period is the period during which the operating rod is linearly moved to switch the tongue rail left and right during one switching operation.

[0042] The switching operation of the point machine 9 can be divided into three periods: an unlocking period in which the locking mechanism is unlocked; a stroke period in which the operating rod is linearly moved to switch the tongue rail left and right; and a locking period in which the locking mechanism is locked. In Figure 3, the point at which the motor current suddenly drops to zero (which can also be said to be the point at which the motor voltage suddenly increases and reaches 110 V) marks the end of the switching operation. In addition, in the absence of motor slippage, the stroke period begins "approximately 1.7 seconds" after the start of the switching operation. The unlocking period is a period in which only the drive mechanisms inside the point machine 9, including gears, bearings, clutches, etc., are under load. It can also be divided into a motor start-up period in which the supply of power to the induction motor 7 starts and the number of rotations per unit time increases, and a stable period in which the number of rotations per unit time stabilizes.

[0043] Furthermore, as the voltage waveform and current waveform show, the length of the motor starting period, which is the period immediately after the start of the induction motor 7 and until just before the motor voltage and motor current stabilize, differs between the case where there is no motor slip (when the point machine 9 in question performs a switching operation independently) and the case where there is motor slip (when the point machine 9 in question performs a switching operation simultaneously with another point machine 9). This difference in the length of the motor starting period is reflected in the difference in the switching time of the switching operation.

[0044] The difference in motor voltage and the length of the motor starting period are due to motor slip. In the waveform pattern with motor slip, the motor voltage is lower and the length of the starting period of the induction motor 7 is longer than in the waveform pattern without motor slip. This causes a time lag in the stroke period.

[0045] Figure 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of induction motor 7. As shown in Figure 4, induction motor 7 can be expressed as an equivalent circuit similar to a transformer. In this equivalent circuit, AC drive power is supplied to the primary side (motor connection side: stator) from power source AC, and point machine 9, which serves as a load, is connected to the secondary side (rotor). The induced current I2 flowing through the secondary side (rotor) has a value corresponding to the load torque. Consider a case where the motor voltage V1 (primary-side voltage) of induction motor 7 changes while point machine 9 is in a normal state, i.e., the load on induction motor 7 remains unchanged. In this case, to prevent the induced current I2 on the secondary side (rotor) from changing, slip (motor slip) s occurs in induction motor 7, causing a change in load resistance R2. Motor slip changes the electromagnetic coupling between the primary and secondary sides, i.e., the mutual inductance M, and this change in mutual inductance M causes a change in the primary-side motor current I1.

[0046] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the impedance of the primary side of induction motor 7 on the complex plane. The horizontal axis is the real axis, and the vertical axis is the imaginary axis. The combined impedance of the real component R1 and the imaginary component Mω becomes the primary side impedance. The following equation (2) holds between the primary side voltage (motor voltage) V1 and current (motor current) I1 and this combined impedance.

number

[0047] Transforming this equation (2) yields equation (1). That is, equation (1), which is the reciprocal of the mutual inductance M, is the torque equivalent value k. In other words, the torque equivalent value k is a value based on the mutual inductance M of the induction motor 7.

[0048] FIG. 6 shows waveforms (hereinafter referred to as "converted waveforms") obtained by converting the voltage and current waveforms shown in FIG. 3 into torque equivalent values. Similar to the voltage and current waveforms, these waveforms are diagrams that show discrete torque equivalent values ​​as continuous waveforms. In other words, for each of the multiple conversion operations shown in FIG. 3, the waveforms show torque equivalent values ​​calculated according to Equation (1) using motor drive information, such as motor voltage V1 and motor current I1. The horizontal axis is the same time axis as the horizontal axis in FIG. 3, and the start of the conversion operation (startup of induction motor 7) is set to "0 seconds." The vertical axis represents torque equivalent values. By converting time into torque equivalent values, the amount of information (data volume) can be roughly halved from the amount of information, i.e., the original information, motor voltage V1 and motor current I1.

[0049] As with the voltage and current waveforms shown in Figure 3, the torque equivalent waveform (commuting waveform) also shows differences in the length of the motor starting period of the induction motor 7 due to motor slippage, and can be seen to take two types: a waveform pattern without motor slippage (when the point 9 in question performs a switching operation independently) and a waveform pattern with motor slippage (when the point 9 in question performs a switching operation simultaneously with other points 9). Because there is a difference in the length of the motor starting period, there is also a difference in the switching time of the switching operation, and there is also a time difference in the start of the stroke period in the switching operation. These points are also similar to the voltage and current waveforms shown in Figure 3. When determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9, the torque equivalent value during the stroke period is determined, as will be described later, and therefore the stroke period in the torque equivalent waveform (commuting waveform) must be accurately determined.

[0050] Figure 7 shows the waveforms after shifting the start points of the stable periods (which can also be considered the end points of the motor starting period) of the torque equivalent values ​​for each shift operation shown in Figure 6 along the time axis so that they coincide with each other. Specifically, the shift waveforms without motor slip are left as they are, while the shift waveforms with motor slip are shifted backward in time.

[0051] As shown in Figure 7, by aligning the start points of the stable periods of each switch waveform (the end points of the motor starting periods), the lengths of the stable periods, stroke periods, and locking periods of each switch waveform are approximately the same, regardless of whether motor slippage occurs. In other words, by aligning the start points of the stable periods of each switch waveform, the torque equivalent values ​​sampled at a predetermined interval during the period after the start point of the stable period of each switch waveform, i.e., during the stable periods, stroke periods, and locking periods, become data that is free of time lag and removes the effects of motor slippage. Therefore, by aligning the start points of the stable periods of each switch waveform and comparing the waveform portions after the stable periods of each switch waveform, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the point machine 9 without being affected by motor slippage.

[0052] A method for aligning the start points of the stable periods of each conversion waveform will now be described. The start point of the stable period is point P shown in Figure 7. This point P is a characteristic waveform portion where the torque equivalent value decreases sharply and then becomes a constant value. Point P can be determined, for example, as the point where the amount of change (time differential value) between the data immediately preceding and following the data in the time series of torque equivalent value data, which is the conversion waveform data, becomes almost zero.

[0053] To align the P point (the start point of the stable period) of each switching waveform, the switching waveform with motor slip is shifted back in time relative to the switching waveform without motor slip. The switching waveform with motor slip can be distinguished from the switching waveform with motor slip by determining whether the switching operation starts and ends simultaneously with other points 9 based on the switching information of the points 9 managed by an external device, or by the minimum voltage level during the motor start-up period of each switching waveform. In other words, as shown in the voltage waveforms in Figure 3, the minimum voltage level during the motor start-up period is lower when there is motor slip than when there is no motor slip. The difference in minimum voltage level is caused by a voltage drop due to the supply of drive power to other points 9 that are simultaneously switching, as shown in Figure 2. The greater the number of other points 9 that are simultaneously switching, the greater the drop in motor voltage. This increases the impact of motor slip and lowers the minimum voltage level during the motor start-up period. Therefore, by comparing the minimum voltage levels of each conversion waveform during the motor starting period, and moving the conversion waveform with the lower minimum voltage level during the motor starting period back in time, the P point of that conversion waveform can be aligned with the P point of the conversion waveform with the higher minimum voltage level during the motor starting period, thereby aligning the P points of each conversion waveform.

[0054] The P point of each conversion waveform can be aligned, for example, by comparing a comparison range including several dozen pieces of data before and after the P point of each conversion waveform. Specifically, this can be achieved by moving the conversion waveform data with motor slip backward in time so that the error in the comparison range data of each conversion waveform is minimized using the least squares method. Alternatively, a conversion waveform image can be generated by visualizing the waveform portion corresponding to the data in the comparison range of each conversion waveform, and the conversion waveform with motor slip can be shifted until the degree of image matching between the conversion waveforms is high, and the time shifted can be calculated from the number of shifted pixels. In either case, by setting a certain comparison range, the start point of the stable period can be aligned with high precision.

[0055] Furthermore, even if fluctuations in motor voltage occur and motor slippage occurs, if the point machine 9 is normal, the variation in data for each sampling point of each switching waveform after the start of the stable period will fall within a certain range. For this reason, data on the switching waveform when the point machine 9 is normal can be used to generate reference data, which is a reference time-series change in the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period related to the switching operation of the point machine 9. Then, by comparing this reference data with the acquired switching waveform data, it is possible to accurately determine abnormalities in the point machine 9 after the start of the stable period.

[0056] In this way, determining the start point of the stable period of the conversion waveform (which can also be said to be the end point of the motor starting period) is hereinafter referred to as "slip correction." By performing slip correction, the start point of the stable period of the conversion waveform can be aligned with the start point of the stable period of the conversion waveform without motor slip.

[0057] Comparing the switching waveform shown in Figure 7 with the switching waveform shown in Figure 6, there is no variation in the torque equivalent value that occurred in the waveform portion Wb. Since this variation disappeared by matching the start points of the stable periods of each switching waveform, it can be determined that the variation in the torque equivalent value was due to motor slip. In addition, there is a clear increase in the torque equivalent value in the waveform portion Wa. This can be determined to be due to an increase in load caused by an abnormality in the point machine 9. In addition, there is variation in the torque equivalent value in the waveform portion Wc. This can be determined to be due to an increase in load caused by an abnormality in the point machine 9. The waveform portions Wa and Wc are waveform portions during the stroke period, which is the period during which the operating rod is moved linearly to switch the tongue rail left and right during switching operation. Therefore, the abnormality in the point machine 9 determined from the waveform portions Wa and Wc is likely to be an abnormality related to the movement of the tongue rail. Specifically, possible causes include foreign matter between the tongue rail, ballast, and base rail, and increased sliding resistance between the tongue rail and ballast due to a lack of lubricant.

[0058] In this way, by aligning the start points of the stable periods of each switching waveform, it is possible to compare the torque equivalent values ​​during the stroke periods of each switching waveform. In other words, the stroke periods of each switching operation are matched to compare the torque equivalent values. This improves the accuracy of determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the point machine 9.

[0059] In this embodiment, to determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9, the following three types of determinations are made on the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) related to one switching operation. It is preferable to make each of these determinations separately for the switching direction (normal / reverse) of the point. In other words, a determination is made separately for the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) related to a switching operation in which the switching direction is normal, and a determination is made separately for the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) related to a switching operation in which the switching direction is reverse. In this case, the conditions for each determination, which will be described later, are defined separately for each switching direction of the point 9.

[0060] The first determination is whether the maximum torque equivalent value during the motor startup period satisfies a normal range condition. The normal range condition is a range of torque equivalent values ​​within which the point machine 9 can be considered normal.

[0061] As shown in the waveform of the torque equivalent value (conversion waveform) in Figure 6, the torque equivalent value during the motor starting period changes so that it increases sharply and then decreases. When the point machine 9 is normal, the maximum torque value during the motor starting period is constant regardless of whether or not the motor is slipping. In contrast, when an abnormality occurs in the gears, bearings, or clutch that constitute the switching mechanism of the point machine 9, the load on the induction motor during the motor starting period increases, and the torque equivalent value also tends to increase. For this reason, by acquiring in advance the waveform of the torque equivalent value when the point machine 9 is normal (conversion waveform; time-series data of the torque equivalent value), it is possible to determine the range that includes the maximum torque equivalent value during the motor starting period for each of these waveforms as the normal range condition.

[0062] The second determination is whether the time related to the motor starting period satisfies a normal time condition. The normal time condition is a condition for a time range in which the point machine 9 can be considered normal.

[0063] As shown in the torque equivalent waveform (switching waveform) in Figure 6, when the point 9 is normal, the occurrence of motor slippage increases the time associated with the motor starting period. The degree of increase in the time associated with the motor starting period depends on the degree of motor slippage, i.e., the degree of fluctuation (decrease) in the motor voltage, and excessive fluctuation (decrease) in the motor voltage may be the cause or result of an abnormality in the point 9. For this reason, by acquiring in advance the torque equivalent waveform (switching waveform; time-series data of the torque equivalent value) for the cases when the point 9 is normal and no motor slippage is occurring and when it is occurring, the range obtained by adding the error time to the length of the motor starting period period for each of these waveforms can be determined as the normal time condition.

[0064] The third determination is whether the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period satisfies a stability condition. The stability condition is a condition for a range of torque equivalent values ​​under which the point 9 can be considered normal. In this embodiment, the stability condition is the upper limit of the difference between the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) after the start of the stable period for the switching operation when the point 9 is normal and the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) after the start of the stable period for the switching operation to be determined.

[0065] As shown in the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) in Figure 7, when the point machine 9 is normal, the torque equivalent value is roughly constant after the start of the stable period, but when examined in detail, it changes over time. In other words, the torque equivalent value is time-series data, and the torque equivalent value at each time (corresponding to the sampling timing of the motor voltage and motor current) is different and cannot be said to be completely constant. The way in which this torque equivalent value changes is unique to each point machine 9.

[0066] On the other hand, if there is an abnormality in the point machine 9, such as an increase in sliding resistance between the tongue rail and the deck plate due to the inclusion of foreign matter or a lack of lubricant, the load on the induction motor increases, and the torque equivalent value tends to increase. In order to determine this increase in the torque equivalent value, the third determination is to compare the waveform of the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period with the waveform of the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period when the point machine 9 is normal.

[0067] Specifically, a plurality of torque equivalent value waveforms (switching waveforms, which are time-series data of torque equivalent values) when the point machine 9 is normal can be acquired in advance, and the upper limit of the total difference in torque equivalent values ​​at each time calculated from the variation in the torque equivalent values ​​of these switching waveforms at each time after the start of the stable period can be set as the stability condition. Furthermore, an upper limit of the difference in torque equivalent values ​​at a predetermined timing (a certain time) after the start of the stable period may be added to the stability condition. Note that a comparison between a normal switching waveform after the start of the stable period and the switching waveform to be judged may be performed by image matching, and the degree of matching may be set as the stability condition. Furthermore, judgment may be made on the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) during the stroke period.

[0068] In this way, three types of judgments (first to third judgments) are made on the waveform (switching waveform) of the torque equivalent value after slip correction related to one switching operation of the point 9, and the presence or absence of an abnormality in the point is finally judged based on the results of each of the three types of judgment. In this embodiment, if one or more judgment results are "abnormal", the final judgment is "abnormal", and if all three judgment results are "no abnormality", the final judgment is "normal (no abnormality)". Note that the final judgment result may be "abnormal" if two or more or all three judgment results are "abnormal", instead of one or more.

[0069] [Function Configuration] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the abnormality detection device 1. According to Fig. 8, the abnormality detection device 1 includes an operation unit 102, a display unit 104, a communication unit 106, a processing unit 200, and a storage unit 300, and can be configured as a type of computer system.

[0070] The operation unit 102 is realized by an input device such as a button switch, a touch panel, or a keyboard, and outputs an operation signal corresponding to the operation performed to the processing unit 200. The display unit 104 is realized by a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or a touch panel, and performs various displays corresponding to display signals from the processing unit 200. The communication unit 106 is realized by a wired or wireless communication device, and communicates with various external devices via a communication network.

[0071] The processing unit 200 is realized by an arithmetic device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and issues instructions and transfers data to each component constituting the anomaly detection device 1 based on programs, data, etc. stored in the storage unit 300, thereby performing overall control of the anomaly detection device 1. The processing unit 200 also has, as functional units according to this embodiment, an acquisition unit 202, a calculation unit 204, and a determination unit 206. However, these functional units can also be configured as independent arithmetic circuits using an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), etc.

[0072] The acquisition unit 202 acquires motor drive information, which is the motor voltage and motor current of the induction motor of the point machine 9, which is railway equipment that performs a conversion operation, which is a specified operation, from a stopped state by controlling the power supply to the induction motor and then returns to a stopped state. The conversion operation includes a first conversion operation from a first stopped state to a second stopped state, and a second conversion operation from the second stopped state to the first stopped state, and the acquisition unit 202 acquires the motor drive information by distinguishing between the first conversion operation and the second conversion operation.

[0073] Specifically, during the switching operation of the point 9, the motor voltage measured by the voltage sensor and the motor current measured by the current sensor are sampled at predetermined time intervals, and are acquired as digital values ​​through A / D conversion, thereby acquiring time-series data of the motor voltage and motor current as motor drive information. In addition, the switching direction (normal / reverse) of the switching operations of the point 9, which are the first switching operation and the second switching operation, is distinguished, and the distinguished switching direction is acquired in association with the motor drive information. The switching direction can be distinguished, for example, based on a switching command given to the point 9 instructing the rotation direction of the induction motor.

[0074] The calculation unit 204 calculates a torque equivalent value based on the mutual inductance of the induction motor during the conversion operation, based on the motor drive information.

[0075] Specifically, from the time series data of the motor voltage and motor current, which are the motor drive information during the conversion operation acquired by the acquisition unit 202, the time series data of the torque equivalent value during the conversion operation is calculated according to equation (1).

[0076] The determination unit 206 determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on the torque equivalent value. The switching operation of the point includes at least a motor start-up period and a stable period following the motor start-up period. The determination unit 206 determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on the torque equivalent value in the motor start-up period, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on the torque equivalent value in the motor start-up period. The determination unit 206 also determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on whether or not the maximum value of the torque equivalent value in the motor start-up period satisfies a predetermined normal range condition. The determination unit 206 also determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on whether or not the time period of the torque equivalent value relating to the motor start-up period satisfies a predetermined normal time condition. The determination unit 206 also determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on whether or not the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period satisfies a predetermined stable condition. The determination unit 206 also arranges time-series changes in the torque equivalent value relating to multiple switching operations on the same time axis, aligning the start times of the stable periods, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on the difference in the torque equivalent value between switching operations in the stable period. Furthermore, the time series changes in the torque equivalent value related to the switching operation and the given reference time series changes are arranged on the same time axis with the start points of the stable periods aligned, and the presence or absence of an abnormality in the point 9 is determined based on the difference in the torque equivalent value after the start point of the stable period. Furthermore, the presence or absence of an abnormality in the point 9 during the first switching operation is determined based on the torque equivalent value related to the first switching operation, and the presence or absence of an abnormality in the point 9 during the second switching operation is determined based on the torque equivalent value related to the second switching operation.

[0077] Specifically, the following three types of judgments are made: Furthermore, each of these three types of judgments is made for the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) for the switching operation in the switching direction, which is the first switching operation and the second switching operation, depending on the switching direction (normal / reverse).

[0078] That is, as a first determination, it is determined whether the maximum value of the torque equivalent value during the motor start period satisfies a normal range condition. The normal range condition is a range condition of the torque equivalent value within which the point machine 9 can be considered normal (see FIG. 6).

[0079] As a second determination, it is determined whether the time related to the motor starting period satisfies a normal time condition. The normal time condition is a condition for a time range in which the point machine 9 can be considered normal (see FIG. 6).

[0080] As a third determination, it is determined whether the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period satisfies a stability condition. The stability condition is a range of torque equivalent values ​​that allows the point 9 to be considered normal, and in this embodiment, it is an upper limit value of the difference between the waveform of the torque equivalent value (switching waveform) after the start of the stable period for the switching operation when the point 9 is normal and the waveform of the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period for the switching operation to be determined (see FIG. 7).

[0081] Here, the three types of conditions for each of the determinations (normal range condition for the first determination, normal time condition for the second determination, and stable condition for the third determination) are defined as determination condition data 320.

[0082] Then, based on the results of each of these three types of determinations, a final determination is made as to whether or not there is an abnormality in the point machine. In this embodiment, if one or more types of determination results are "abnormal," the final determination is "abnormal," and if all three types of determination results are "no abnormality," the final determination is "normal (no abnormality)." Note that the final determination result may be "abnormal" if two or more types or all three types of determination results are "abnormal," rather than one or more types.

[0083] The storage unit 300 is realized by a storage device such as a hard disk, a ROM (Read Only Memory), or a RAM (Random Access Memory), and stores programs, data, and the like used by the processing unit 200 to comprehensively control the abnormality detection device 1. The storage unit 300 is also used as a working area for the processing unit 200, and temporarily stores results of calculations executed by the processing unit 200 in accordance with various programs, input data via the operation unit 102 and the communication unit 106, and the like. In this embodiment, the storage unit 300 stores point management data 310 related to the point 9 and judgment condition data 320.

[0084] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the point management data 310. According to FIG. 9, the point management data 310 stores the point ID of the point 9 and switching data for each switching operation. The switching data includes motor drive information, torque equivalent value data, a switching direction of the switching operation, and an abnormality presence / absence determination result. The motor drive information is time-series data of the motor voltage and motor current during the switching operation of the point 9 acquired by the acquisition unit 202. The torque equivalent value data is time-series data of the torque equivalent value during the switching operation of the point 9 calculated by the calculation unit 204. The abnormality presence / absence determination result is a result of determination by the determination unit 206 as to whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9.

[0085] [Processing flow] 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of the abnormality detection process performed by the abnormality detection device 1. This process is a process related to one switching operation of the point 9.

[0086] First, the acquisition unit 202 acquires motor drive information, which is time-series data of the motor voltage and motor current related to one switching operation of the point 9 (step S1). Next, the calculation unit 204 calculates time-series data of the torque equivalent value based on the acquired motor drive information and in accordance with equation (1) (step S3).

[0087] Next, the determination unit 206 determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 based on the time-series data (conversion waveform) of the calculated torque equivalent value. That is, the maximum value of the torque equivalent value during the motor start-up period of the conversion waveform is calculated, and it is determined whether or not this maximum value of the torque equivalent value satisfies the normal range condition. If the normal range condition is satisfied (step S5: YES), the determination unit 206 then calculates the length of the period of the motor start-up period of the conversion waveform and determines whether or not this period satisfies the normal time condition. If the normal time condition is satisfied (step S7: YES), it then performs slip correction on the conversion waveform to determine the start point of the stable period (which can also be said to be the end point of the motor start-up period) in which the torque equivalent value stabilizes (step S9). It then determines whether or not the torque equivalent value after the start point of the stable period in the slip-corrected conversion waveform satisfies the stability condition. If the stability condition is satisfied (step S11: YES), it is determined that the point 9 is "normal (normal)" (step S13).

[0088] On the other hand, if the normal range condition is not satisfied (step S5: NO), if the normal time condition is not satisfied (step S7: NO), or if the stability condition is not satisfied (step S11: NO), the point 9 determines that "an abnormality exists" (step S15). The abnormality detection process is performed in this manner.

[0089] [Action and effect] As described above, this embodiment can improve the accuracy of detecting an abnormality in the point machine 9, which is railway equipment operated by the induction motor 7. In other words, when the motor voltage fluctuates while there is no abnormality in the point machine 9, which is the load, the induction motor 7 experiences slip (motor slip) so as not to fluctuate the torque. This motor slip is a fluctuation in the state of electromagnetic coupling between the primary and secondary sides of the induction motor 7, and causes the motor current, which is the current on the primary side, to fluctuate. Furthermore, from the relational expression between the motor voltage, motor current, and impedance on the primary side of the induction motor 7, a value based on the mutual inductance, which is a value indicating the state of electromagnetic coupling of the induction motor 7, can be calculated as the torque equivalent value. This torque equivalent value is not affected by fluctuations in the motor voltage and is a value correlated with the torque of the induction motor 7, so that the presence or absence of an abnormality in the point machine 9 can be accurately determined based on the torque equivalent value.

[0090] It should be noted that the embodiments to which the present invention can be applied are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can of course be modified as appropriate within the scope of the present invention.

[0091] (A) Torque equivalent value In the above embodiment, the torque equivalent value of induction motor 7 is the reciprocal of mutual inductance M (see equation (1)), but mutual inductance M itself may be used as the torque equivalent value. Also, if the motor characteristics of induction motor 7 (the relationship between torque and motor voltage / motor current) are known, the torque equivalent value may be converted into an actual torque value by comparing the torque based on the motor characteristics with the torque equivalent value.

[0092] (B) Configuration of the anomaly detection device 1 In the above-described embodiment, the abnormality detection device 1 determines whether or not there is an abnormality for one point machine 9, but it may also determine whether or not there is an abnormality for a plurality of points 9. In this case, the abnormality detection device 1 performs abnormality detection processing (see FIG. 10 ) for each point machine 9 in parallel.

[0093] The abnormality detection device 1 may also be configured as a plurality of computer systems connected to each other through communication. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11 , the abnormality detection device 1A may include a data collection device 10 installed in association with a point 9 and a central unit 20 connected to the data collection device 10 via a communication network N. The data collection device 10 has the functions of an acquisition unit 202 that acquires motor drive information of the corresponding point 9 and a calculation unit 204, and is configured to transmit time-series data of torque equivalent values ​​calculated by the calculation unit 204 to the central unit 20. The central unit 20 is configured to have the function of a determination unit 206 that determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the point 9 corresponding to the data collection device 10, based on the time-series data of torque equivalent values ​​received from the data collection device 10. Note that the function of the calculation unit 204 may be provided in the central unit 20, rather than the data collection device 10. In this case, the abnormality detection device 1A can be configured as a centralized monitoring system in which the central unit 20 remotely detects abnormalities in the point 9.

[0094] (C) Railway Equipment In the above embodiment, the railway equipment has been described as a point machine 9, but the above embodiment can also be applied to other railway equipment. For example, the above embodiment can be applied in the same way as the above embodiment to railway equipment such as a crossing gate or a platform fence, which can be brought from a stopped state to a stopped state again after performing a specified operation by controlling the power supply to the induction motor 7. [Explanation of symbols]

[0095] 1,1A...Abnormality detection device 200...Processing section 202…Acquisition Department 204...Calculation section 206...Judgment section 300...Storage section 310...Point machine management data 320...Determination condition data 10 (10a, 10b,...)...Data collection device 20…Central device 7(7a, 7b,...)...Induction motor 9(9a,9b,...)...Point machine

Claims

1. an acquisition means for acquiring motor drive information, which is a motor voltage and a motor current of an induction motor, for railway equipment that is stopped again after performing a specified operation from a stopped state by controlling power supply to the induction motor; a calculation means for calculating a torque equivalent value based on the mutual inductance of the induction motor during the specified operation based on the motor drive information; a determination means for determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value; An abnormality detection device comprising:

2. the specified operation includes, as an operation period, at least a motor start-up period and a stable period following the motor start-up period; The determination means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value during the motor start-up period, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value during the stable period. The abnormality detection device according to claim 1 .

3. The determination means arranges the time-series changes in the torque equivalent value relating to the plurality of specified operations on the same time axis with the start points of the stable periods aligned, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the difference in the torque equivalent value between the specified operations after the start point of the stable period. The abnormality detection device according to claim 2 .

4. the determination means arranges the time-series change of the torque equivalent value related to the specified operation and a given reference time-series change on the same time axis with the start point of the stable period aligned, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the difference in the torque equivalent value after the start point of the stable period. The abnormality detection device according to claim 2 .

5. the determining means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on whether or not the maximum value of the torque equivalent value during the motor start-up period satisfies a predetermined normal range condition. The abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 2 to 4.

6. the determining means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on whether or not the time period related to the motor start-up period of the torque equivalent value satisfies a predetermined normal time condition. The abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 2 to 5.

7. the determination means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on whether or not the torque equivalent value after the start of the stable period satisfies a predetermined stability condition. The abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 2 to 6.

8. the induction motors of a plurality of the railway equipment, each of which can be individually controlled to perform the specified operation, are connected to a power supply line, and the power supplied to the induction motors of the railway equipment varies depending on the number of railway equipment that simultaneously perform the specified operation; The abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The railway equipment is any one of a point machine, a railroad crossing barrier, and a platform fence, the specified action includes a first specified action from a first stopped state to a second stopped state, and a second specified action from the second stopped state to the first stopped state, the acquiring means acquires the motor drive information by distinguishing between the first specified operation and the second specified operation; the determination means determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment during the first prescribed operation based on the torque equivalent value related to the first prescribed operation, and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment during the second prescribed operation based on the torque equivalent value related to the second prescribed operation. The abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Acquiring motor drive information, which is a motor voltage and a motor current of an induction motor, for railway equipment that is stopped again after performing a specified operation from a stopped state by controlling power supply to the induction motor; calculating a torque equivalent value based on the mutual inductance of the induction motor during the specified operation based on the motor drive information; determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the railway equipment based on the torque equivalent value; An anomaly detection method comprising:

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