Hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions

Abstract

The present invention provides a hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions, which belongs to the field of valves. The hydrogen supply combination valve includes a single-stage pressure reducing valve, a two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve, and a two-stage pressure reducing regulator. The single-stage pressure reducing valve realizes the main throttling and pressure reducing function, and performs a first stage pressure reduction on high-pressure hydrogen gas. The two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve can further perform a second stage pressure reduction on the hydrogen gas reduced in the first stage, and can realize flow rate regulation. The two-stage pressure reducing regulator can further perform a second stage pressure reduction on the hydrogen gas reduced in the first stage, and can continue to output hydrogen gas with a stable flow rate and pressure, thereby buffering the disturbance to the hydrogen gas pressure at the final outlet during the flow rate regulation process of the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve, realizing flow rate regulation and ensuring the stability of the outlet pressure at the same time. On the premise of realizing two-stage pressure reducing stabilization and integration of the hydrogen combination valve, the present invention can adjust the output flow rate of the hydrogen supply combination valve, and can be used to realize power change of on-board hydrogen supply.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of valves, and more particularly to a combination valve for hydrogen supply with flow regulation and pressure stabilization functions. [Background technology]

[0002] High-pressure hydrogen cylinders are used to store high-pressure hydrogen gas above its critical temperature. An ideal hydrogen supply combination valve must fulfill two functions: first, to reduce the hydrogen gas pressure within the rated range; and second, to precisely control the hydrogen gas flow rate, achieving stable pressure reduction and adjusting the flow rate as needed. Currently, to ensure the hydrogen gas pressure entering the fuel cell is within the normal range and prevent overpressure during hydrogen addition, a double-pressure reducing valve is used to reduce the pressure and maintain a relatively stable output pressure. However, adjusting the flow rate while maintaining a constant pressure remains a challenge. The more connections between valves and the more complex the pipeline, the greater the safety risks. Therefore, research into integrated hydrogen supply combination valves is of great significance. A hydrogen supply combination valve typically consists of a pressure reducing valve, a solenoid valve, and temperature and pressure sensors. The pressure reducing valve stabilizes the flow rate and pressure, and the solenoid valve is usually installed after the pressure reducing valve to open and close the entire hydrogen supply circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the problem that conventional pressure reducing valves are unable to simultaneously satisfy the two technical requirements of stabilizing output pressure and adjusting the hydrogen gas flow rate, and to provide a combination hydrogen supply valve that has the functions of adjusting flow rate and stabilizing pressure.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate adjustment and pressure stabilization functions comprises a combination valve body, a first-stage pressure reducing valve, a two-stage pressure reducing flow rate adjustment valve, and a two-stage pressure reducing regulator valve. The first-stage pressure reducing valve, the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate adjustment valve, and the two-stage pressure reducing regulator valve are disposed within the combination valve body via a first valve seat, a second valve seat, and a third valve seat, respectively. The combination valve body comprises a first-stage outlet flow path, a connecting flow path, a second-stage outlet flow path, and a pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path. The first-stage outlet flow path is connected to the connecting flow path, and the second-stage outlet flow path is the final output flow path of the hydrogen supply combination valve.

[0005] The single-stage pressure reducing valve is used to connect an external hydrogen source, reduce the pressure of the input hydrogen gas in the first stage, and input the hydrogen gas into the first-stage outlet flow path.

[0006] The two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve includes a second seal piston, a second actuator, a third spring, a second throttle base, and a fourth spring. The second valve seat does not penetrate the combination valve body, the second seal piston is sealed and fixed to the open end of the second valve seat, the second actuator and the second throttle base are mounted within the second valve seat, the second actuator is located between the second throttle base and the second seal piston, and a protruding stopper ring is provided on the side of the second seal piston facing the second actuator. The internal cavity of the second valve seat is defined by the second seal piston, the second actuator, and the second throttle base, and independently defines a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity, successively, from the open end toward the inner bottom surface. A third spring in a compressed state is provided between the second actuator and the second throttle base, and a fourth spring in a compressed state is provided between the second throttle base and the inner bottom surface of the second valve seat. A two-stage outlet flow path that connects the second cavity and the third cavity is provided in the center of the second throttling base, and one end of the second actuator has a second tapered structure that cooperates with the second throttling base at the inlet position of the two-stage outlet flow path to form a second throttling section.

[0007] The two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve includes a third seal piston, a fifth spring, a third throttle base, and a sixth spring. The third valve seat does not penetrate the combination valve body, the third seal piston is fixedly and sealingly attached to the open end of the third valve seat, and the third throttle base is attached within the third valve seat. An internal cavity of the third valve seat partitioned by the third seal piston and the third throttle base sequentially forms independent fourth and fifth cavities from the open end toward the inner bottom surface. A fifth spring in a compressed state is provided between the third seal piston and the third throttle base, and a sixth spring in a compressed state is provided between the third throttle base and the inner bottom surface of the third valve seat. A three-stage outlet passage communicating the fourth and fifth cavities is provided in the center of the third throttle base, and the end of the third seal piston has a third tapered structure. The third tapered structure cooperates with the third throttle base to define a third throttle section at the inlet position of the third outlet passage.

[0008] The second cavity and the fourth cavity communicate with the connecting passage via the first passage and the second passage, respectively. The third cavity and the fifth cavity communicate with the second-stage outlet passage. The first cavity and the second-stage outlet passage communicate with the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage via the third passage and the fourth passage, respectively. A first connection port of the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage to the third passage and a second connection port of the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage to the fourth passage are spaced apart, and the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage between the first connection port and the second connection port serves as a pressure adjustment unit. A controllable sliding piston that forms a piston pair with the passage inner wall is provided within the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage, and the pressure adjustment unit is covered by the sliding stroke of the controllable sliding piston within the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage. The controllable sliding piston changes the pressure within the first cavity while sliding within the pressure adjustment unit, thereby controlling the opening degree of the second throttle section and thereby changing the hydrogen gas flow rate output from the second-stage outlet passage.

[0009] Preferably, the single-stage pressure reducing valve includes an inlet passage, a first throttle base, a first actuator, an actuator passage, a first seal piston, a first spring, and a second spring. The first valve seat penetrates the entire combination valve body, and the first throttle base and the first seal piston are respectively sealed and fixedly attached to both end openings of the first valve seat through which the inlet passage is provided. The first actuator is attached to the first valve seat and located between the first throttle base and the first seal piston, one end of the first actuator has a first tapered structure, and the first tapered structure cooperates with the first throttle base at the outlet end of the inlet passage to form a first throttle section. A first spring in a compressed state is provided between the first actuator and the first seal piston, and a second spring in a compressed state is provided between the first actuator and the first throttle base, and the first spring and the second spring respectively apply pressures in two opposite directions to the first actuator. The first actuator has an internal flow path that communicates with the top surface of the first actuator, and the inlet end of the inlet flow path is used to connect an external hydrogen source. The input hydrogen gas passes through the inlet flow path, the first throttle section, and the internal flow path of the actuator in that order, and then enters the first-stage outlet flow path.

[0010] Preferably, both the first orifice base and the first seal piston have a coaxial spring mounting hole at the position where the first spring is mounted, and a holed disk that communicates with the flow path in the actuator is placed at the bottom of the spring mounting hole in the first orifice base, with one end of the first spring supported by the holed disk and the other end supported by the spring mounting hole in the first seal piston.

[0011] Preferably, a first seal gasket is used to form a sealing connection between the first seal piston and the inner wall of the first valve seat, between the first throttle base and the inner wall of the first valve seat, and between the first throttle base and the first actuator.

[0012] Preferably, the first-stage outlet flow path and the connecting flow path are both drilled inward from the surface of the valve body of the combination valve, and the open ends located on the surface of the valve body of the combination valve are closed by cylindrical seals.

[0013] Preferably, the controllable sliding piston comprises a control rod which projects from the combination valve body and maintains a dynamic seal in contact with the combination valve body.

[0014] Preferably, the position of the connection port between the third passage and the side wall of the first cavity is within a height range of the stopper ring.

[0015] Preferably, the second actuator is configured with a second tapered structure connected below a circular plate. The second valve seat side wall has a stepped surface. A second seal gasket is placed on the stepped surface. When the circular plate moves toward the second throttle base, it is pressed against the second seal gasket, thereby ensuring a tight seal and non-communication between the first cavity and the second cavity.

[0016] Preferably, the controllable sliding piston is capable of completely closing the second throttle section while sliding within the pressure adjusting part.

[0017] Preferably, the hydrogen gas pressure of the external hydrogen source is in the range of 10 to 70 MPa, the pressure of the hydrogen gas after passing through the single-stage pressure reducing valve is reduced to 2 to 3 MPa, the pressure of the hydrogen gas after passing through the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve is reduced to the operating pressure of the on-board hydrogen fuel cell, and the pressure of the hydrogen gas after passing through the two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve is reduced to the operating pressure of the on-board hydrogen fuel cell.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention provides a two-stage pressure reduction process, and by installing a two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve and a two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve in parallel in the second stage pressure reduction, it is possible to stabilize the outlet pressure as much as possible while achieving outlet flow regulation of the hydrogen supply combination valve. The outlet hydrogen flow rate is regulated only by the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve, and the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve maintains a continuously stable flow output and buffers the pressure fluctuations caused by the flow regulation of the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve, thereby significantly reducing the fluctuations in the final outlet pressure of the entire valve during the flow regulation process, realizing the reduction of the hydrogen pressure to the rated range and simultaneously precisely controlling the hydrogen flow rate. (2) The present invention can be applied to fields such as on-board hydrogen supply. Based on the premise of two-stage pressure drop stabilization and integration of the hydrogen combination valve, the output flow rate of the hydrogen combination valve can be adjusted, thereby enabling power changes in on-board hydrogen supply. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined hydrogen supply valve having flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic diagram of the flow path and valve seat inside the body of a combination valve. FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-stage pressure reducing valve. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve. [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic diagram of three important control points of a controllable sliding piston in a pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly comprehensible, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In order to facilitate a complete understanding of the present invention, many specific details are set forth in the following description. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined correspondingly, provided that they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] In describing the present invention, when an element is said to be "connected" to another element, it is understood that it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, i.e., there may be intermediate elements. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements present.

[0022] It should be understood that in describing the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinguishing purposes of description, and are not to be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature qualified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature.

[0023] As shown in Figure 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions. The combination valve includes a single-stage pressure reducing valve I, a two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve II, and a two-stage pressure reducing valve III. The single-stage pressure reducing valve I reduces the pressure of the input high-pressure hydrogen gas to the first stage, while the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve II and the two-stage pressure reducing valve III both reduce the pressure of the hydrogen gas after the first stage pressure reduction to the second stage. However, the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve III only reduces the pressure, while the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve II regulates the flow rate of the passing hydrogen gas. The present invention aims to regulate the outlet flow rate of the hydrogen supply combination valve while stabilizing the outlet pressure as much as possible by arranging the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve II and the two-stage pressure reducing valve III in parallel for the second stage pressure reduction. The two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve II alone regulates the outlet hydrogen gas flow rate, while the two-stage pressure reducing valve III maintains a constant stable flow output, significantly reducing fluctuations in outlet pressure during the flow rate regulation process. The specific structures of the main body of the combination valve, the one-stage pressure reducing valve I, the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve II, and the two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve III will be described in detail below.

[0024] As shown in Figure 2, the combination valve body is equipped with a series of channels and valve seats to connect the three regulating valves and realize the overall valve function. Specifically, the combination valve body is equipped with a first-stage outlet channel 1, a connecting channel 2, a first channel 3, a second channel 4, a third channel 5, a second-stage outlet channel 6, a pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7, a fourth channel 8, a first valve seat 9, a second valve seat 10, a third valve seat 11, and a cylindrical seal 12. For ease of explanation, the horizontal direction in Figure 1 will be referred to as the longitudinal direction of the combination valve body, the vertical direction in Figure 1 will be referred to as the height direction of the combination valve body, and the direction perpendicular to Figure 1 will be referred to as the width direction of the combination valve body. Therefore, the first valve seat 9 is designed with a through-hole design, and the first-stage outlet channel 1 penetrates the upper middle part of the first valve seat 9 and runs along the longitudinal direction of the combination valve body, connecting perpendicularly to the connecting channel 2. The connecting passage 2 is arranged along the height of the combination valve body and communicates with the first and second passages 3 and 4, which are inclined. The first and second passages 3 and 4 communicate with the upper parts of the second and third valve seats 10 and 11, respectively. The second and third valve seats 10 and 11 are arranged symmetrically along the height of the combination valve body, and the second and third valve seats 10 and 11 form a single-stage stepped hole. The second-stage outlet passage 6 is T-shaped, and communicates with both the second and third valve seats 10 and 11 simultaneously. The pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage passage 7 is located on one side of the width of the second-stage outlet passage 6. The pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage passage 7 is connected to the upper part of the second valve seat 10 and the second-stage outlet passage 6 via the third and fourth passages 5 and 8, respectively. The first-stage outlet passage 1 and the connecting passage 2 are both drilled inward from the surface of the combination valve body. Therefore, after the remaining assemblies are installed, the open ends located on the surface of the combination valve body must be closed with a cylindrical seal 12.

[0025] In the combination valve body, a first-stage pressure reducing valve I, a two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve II, and a two-stage pressure reducing control valve III are mounted within the combination valve body via a first valve seat 9, a second valve seat 10, and a third valve seat 11, respectively. Meanwhile, the combination valve body is provided with a first-stage outlet flow path 1, a connecting flow path 2, a second-stage outlet flow path 6, and a pressure-regulated hydrogen storage flow path 7. The first-stage outlet flow path 1 communicates with the connecting flow path 2, and the second-stage outlet flow path 6 is the final output flow path of the hydrogen supply combination valve.

[0026] The flow paths and valve seats of the combined hydrogen supply valve of the present invention can be processed as follows: First, the first valve seat 9, connecting flow path 2, first-stage outlet flow path 1, and pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path 7 are processed, and the connecting flow path 2 and the first-stage outlet flow path 1 are vertically connected to each other. Next, the second valve seat 10 and the third valve seat 11 are processed, and both are processed coaxially. Then, the T-shaped second-stage outlet flow path 6 is processed, and the second valve seat 10 and the third valve seat 11 are connected at both ends of the second-stage outlet flow path 6. Finally, the first passage 3 is processed to connect the connecting flow path 2 and the second valve seat 10, the second passage 4 is processed to connect the connecting flow path 2 and the third valve seat 11, the third passage 5 is processed to connect the second valve seat 10 and the pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path 7, and the fourth passage 8 is processed to connect the second-stage outlet flow path 6 and the pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path 7. Of course, the above-described processing flow is only one implementation method, and other processing methods may be used.

[0027] In this hydrogen supply combination valve, the single-stage pressure reducing valve I is connected to an external hydrogen source, reduces the pressure of the input hydrogen gas to the first stage, and inputs it into the first-stage outlet flow path 1. The specific structure can be realized using any pressure reducing valve structure in the prior art, as long as it can reduce the pressure of high-pressure hydrogen input from the external hydrogen source.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 , the assembly constituting the single-stage pressure reducing valve I mainly comprises an inlet passage 13, a first throttle base 14, a first actuator 15, an inner passage 16 within the actuator, a first seal gasket 17, a first seal piston 18, a perforated disc 19, a first spring 20, and a second spring 21. Here, the first valve seat 9 is a stepped hole type that penetrates the entire body of the combination valve and penetrates the body of the combination valve. The first throttle base 14 and the first seal piston 18 are sealingly fixed to the openings at both ends of the first valve seat 9, respectively, and both of them and the inner wall of the first valve seat 9 form a seal pair to prevent internal gas overflow. The first throttle base 14 and the first seal piston 18 are fixed relative to the first valve seat 9. An inlet passage 13 is provided through the center of the first valve seat 9. The inlet end of the inlet passage 13 protrudes from the outer wall of the body of the combination valve and can be connected to an external hydrogen source, and the outlet end of the inlet passage 13 faces the interior of the body of the combination valve. The first actuator 15 is attached to the first valve seat 9 and is located between the first throttle base 14 and the first seal piston 18. The space between the first actuator 15 and the first seal piston 18 is connected to the first-stage outlet flow passage 1. One end of the first actuator 15 is a first tapered structure, and the other end is a cylindrical segment connected to the first tapered structure. The cylindrical segment of the first actuator 15 is attached to the first valve seat 9 below the first-stage outlet flow passage 1 and can move up and down along the axial direction of the first valve seat 9. The first actuator 15 and the first throttle base 14 are main throttle elements, and the first tapered structure of the first actuator 15 cooperates with the first throttle base 14 at the outlet end of the inlet flow passage 13 to form a first throttle section. A first spring 20 in a compressed state is provided between the first actuator 15 and the first seal piston 18, and a second spring 21 in a compressed state is provided between the first actuator 15 and the first throttle base 14. The first spring 20 and the second spring 21 respectively apply two opposing pressures to the first actuator 15. Naturally, during operation, the first actuator 15 is not only subjected to two spring forces, but also to a high inlet pressure and a low outlet pressure, with the high inlet pressure acting on a small area and the low outlet pressure acting on a large area.Therefore, a stable pressure reduction effect is achieved across the entire first throttle section due to the four forces. This allows the first actuator 15 to be maintained in a relatively balanced position due to the two opposing pressures applied by the first spring 20 and the second spring 21, and to be reset after being moved by an external force, thereby ensuring that the first throttle section meets the target opening requirement. The opening of the first throttle section varies depending on the distance between the first tapered structure and the first throttle base 14. The smaller the distance, the smaller the corresponding overflow area and the smaller the opening. Conversely, the larger the distance, the larger the corresponding overflow area and the larger the opening. In the present invention, by selecting the type of the first spring 20 and the second spring 21, the spring forces applied by both springs can be controlled to adjust the opening of the first throttle section and further adjust the pressure of the external high-pressure hydrogen gas after it passes through the first throttle section. An internal actuator flow passage 16 communicating with the top surface of the first actuator 15 is opened in the first actuator 15, and a clearance space exists between the bottom outer wall of the first tapered structure and the side wall of the first valve seat 9, allowing the inlet flow passage 13 to communicate with the internal actuator flow passage 16. The inlet end of the inlet flow passage 13 is used to connect to an external hydrogen source, and the input hydrogen passes through the inlet flow passage 13, the first throttle section, and the internal actuator flow passage 16 in order before entering the first-stage outlet flow passage 1 and completing the first-stage decompression.

[0029] Furthermore, in order to ensure the sealing performance of the single-stage pressure reducing valve I, first seal gaskets 17 are provided at three different positions. Specifically, a seal connection is formed between the first seal piston 18 and the inner wall of the first valve seat 9, between the first throttle base 14 and the inner wall of the first valve seat 9, and between the first throttle base 14 and the first actuator 15 via the first seal gasket 17. Naturally, the specific installation position of the first seal gasket 17 can be adjusted according to actual circumstances, and if a reliable seal can be achieved by other sealing methods, the first seal gasket 17 does not need to be provided.

[0030] To facilitate reliable mounting, the first throttle base 14 and the first seal piston 18 are each provided with a coaxial spring mounting hole at a position where the first spring 20 is to be mounted, and a perforated disk 19 communicating with the flow path 16 within the actuator is disposed at the bottom of the spring mounting hole in the first throttle base 14, with one end of the first spring 20 supported by the perforated disk 19 and the other end supported by the spring mounting hole in the first seal piston 18. Thus, the provision of the perforated disk 19 provides a reliable mounting point for the first spring 20 while ensuring that the flow path 16 within the actuator can be smoothly vented.

[0031] In the present invention, the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve II and the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve III are connected in parallel after the single-stage pressure reducing valve I, and are used to realize pressure and flow rate control of the outlet hydrogen gas.

[0032] 4, in one embodiment of the present invention, the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve II includes a second seal piston 22, a second actuator 23, a third spring 25, a second throttle base 26, and a fourth spring 27. The second valve seat 10 is a stepped hole that does not penetrate the body of the combination valve, and one end of the second valve seat 10 facing the outer wall of the body of the combination valve is an open end. The second seal piston 22 is fixedly and sealingly attached to the open end of the second valve seat 10, and the second actuator 23 and the second throttle base 26 are attached within the second valve seat 10, with the second actuator 23 located between the second throttle base 26 and the second seal piston 22. A stopper ring is provided on the side of the second seal piston 22 facing the second actuator 23 to prevent the second actuator 23 from completely overlapping the inner bottom surface of the second seal piston 22. In this embodiment, the second actuator 23 has a second tapered structure connected to the bottom of the circular plate. The side wall of the second valve seat 10 has a stepped surface. A second gasket 24 is placed on the stepped surface. When the circular plate moves toward the second orifice base 26, it can press against the second gasket 24, ensuring a tight seal and non-communication between the first and second cavities. The inner cavity of the second valve seat 10 is divided by the second seal piston 22, the second actuator 23, and the second orifice base 26, and from the open end toward the inner bottom surface, independent first, second, and third cavities are formed in that order. The first and second cavities are non-communicating, while the second and third cavities are not directly connected but must communicate via the second orifice section. A third spring 25 in a compressed state is provided between the second actuator 23 and the second orifice base 26, and a fourth spring 27 in a compressed state is provided between the second orifice base 26 and the inner bottom surface of the second valve seat 10. A two-stage outlet flow path is opened in the center of the second throttle base 26 to connect the second cavity and the third cavity, and one end of the second actuator 23 has a second tapered structure, and the second tapered structure forms a second throttle section together with the second throttle base 26 at the inlet position of the two-stage outlet flow path.Similarly, as with the first throttle section, the opening degree of the second throttle section varies depending on the distance between the second tapered structure and the second throttle base 26: the smaller the distance, the smaller the corresponding eddy current area and the smaller the opening degree, and conversely, the larger the distance, the larger the corresponding eddy current area and the larger the opening degree. In the present invention, by selecting the types of third spring 25 and fourth spring 27, the spring forces applied by both springs are controlled, thereby adjusting the opening degree of the second throttle section and further adjusting the magnitude of the pressure of the hydrogen gas after the first stage decompression has passed through the second throttle section.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 5 , the two-stage pressure-reducing regulator valve III includes a third seal piston 28, a fifth spring 29, a third throttle base 30, and a sixth spring 31. The third valve seat 11 is a stepped hole that does not penetrate the main body of the combination valve. The third seal piston 28 is fixedly and sealingly attached to the open end of the third valve seat 11, and the third throttle base 30 is attached within the third valve seat 11. The internal cavity of the third valve seat 11 is partitioned by the third seal piston 28 and the third throttle base 30, forming independent fourth and fifth cavities from the open end toward the inner bottom surface. The fourth and fifth cavities are not directly connected to each other but must communicate via the third throttle section. A fifth spring 29 in a compressed state is provided between the third seal piston 28 and the third throttle base 30, and a sixth spring 31 in a compressed state is provided between the third throttle base 30 and the inner bottom surface of the third valve seat 11. A three-stage outlet passage for communicating the fourth and fifth cavities is opened at the center of the third throttle base 30. The end of the third seal piston 28 has a third tapered structure, which, together with the third throttle base 30, forms a third throttle section at the inlet position of the third outlet passage. Similarly to the second throttle section, the opening degree of the third throttle section varies depending on the distance between the third tapered structure and the third throttle base 30. The smaller the distance, the smaller the corresponding eddy current area and the smaller the opening degree. Conversely, the larger the distance, the larger the corresponding eddy current area and the larger the opening degree. In the present invention, by selecting the types of the fifth spring 29 and the sixth spring 31, the spring forces applied by them are controlled to adjust the opening degree of the third throttle section, and further adjust the pressure of the hydrogen gas after the first stage decompression has passed through the third throttle section.

[0034] In the present invention, according to the functional design of the three pressure-reducing valves, the two-stage pressure-reducing regulator valve III only needs to reduce pressure, while the two-stage pressure-reducing flow rate regulator valve II also needs to regulate the flow rate of hydrogen gas passing through it. Therefore, the additional hydrogen gas flow rate regulation function of the two-stage pressure-reducing regulator valve II compared to the two-stage pressure-reducing regulator valve III is realized by combining it with the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7. Specifically, the second and fourth cavities are connected to the connecting channel 2 via the first and second channels 3 and 4, respectively. The connecting channel 2 is connected to the rear of the first-stage outlet channel 1 and can store hydrogen gas after the first-stage pressure reduction. The hydrogen gas stored in the connecting channel 2 enters the second and fourth cavities via the first and second channels 3 and 4, respectively, and continues to be reduced in pressure to the target outlet pressure through the second and third throttle sections, respectively. The third and fifth cavities are connected to the second-stage outlet channel 6, and the hydrogen gas after the second-stage pressure reduction is finally output to the outside through the second-stage outlet channel 6. It is particularly noteworthy that the first cavity and the second-stage outlet passage 6 are connected to the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage 7 via the third passage 5 and the fourth passage 8, respectively. Therefore, hydrogen gas in the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage passage 7 can be forced into the first cavity of the second-stage pressure-reducing flow control valve II via the third passage 5. When the pressure in the first cavity increases, the first cavity is sealed, so the second actuator 23 is pushed downward, reducing the opening of the second throttle section and thereby reducing the flow rate of hydrogen gas output through the two-stage pressure-reducing flow control valve II. Although this flow rate adjustment process causes fluctuations in the final outlet pressure of the second-stage outlet passage 6, the two-stage pressure-reducing valve III itself continues to output a stable hydrogen gas flow rate and pressure, thereby cushioning the pressure fluctuations caused by the two-stage pressure-reducing flow control valve II and maintaining as stable an outlet pressure as possible for the second-stage outlet passage 6.

[0035] Therefore, the output flow rate of hydrogen gas in the present invention is mainly regulated by the pressure applied to the first cavity by the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7. To ensure the regulating effect, the first connection port of the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7 and the third passage 5, and the second connection port of the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7 and the fourth passage 8 are spaced apart, so that the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7 between the first and second connections can serve as a pressure-regulating section. The pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7 is provided with a controllable sliding piston 32 that forms a piston pair with the inner wall of the channel. The controllable sliding piston 32 refers to a piston that can controllably slide within the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7. In this embodiment, a control rod can be attached to the controllable sliding piston 32. The control rod protrudes from the body of the combination valve and maintains a dynamic seal at a position where it contacts the body of the combination valve, so that the control rod can drive the sliding of the controllable sliding piston 32. The controllable sliding piston 32 must cover the pressure adjusting section during its sliding stroke within the pressure-adjustable hydrogen storage channel 7. As a result, the controllable sliding piston 32 changes the pressure within the first cavity as it slides within the pressure adjusting section, thereby controlling the opening of the second throttle section and thereby changing the hydrogen gas flow rate output from the second outlet channel 6. As shown in FIG. 6, in actual application, the controllable sliding piston 32 has three key positions throughout its entire stroke: Position A is the initial position located at the bottom of the pressure-adjustable hydrogen storage channel 7; Position B is the position where the controllable sliding piston 32 is about to close the second connection port; and Position C is the position where the controllable sliding piston 32 is about to close the first connection port. Under normal conditions, the controllable sliding piston 32 can be in Position A, and the entire valve outputs hydrogen gas at a stable pressure to the outside according to the maximum flow rate. When the hydrogen gas flow rate at the valve outlet needs to be adjusted, the controllable sliding piston 32 can be driven to move upward.While the controllable sliding piston 32 slides from position A to position B, the pressure in the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7 does not change due to the presence of the fourth passage 8. However, while the controllable sliding piston 32 slides from position B to position C, the pressure in the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage channel 7 increases accordingly, further increasing the pressure in the first cavity, pushing the second actuator 23 downward and reducing the opening of the second throttle section, thereby reducing the flow rate of hydrogen gas output through the two-stage pressure-reducing flow control valve II. When the controllable sliding piston 32 is in position C, the flow rate of hydrogen gas output from the two-stage pressure-reducing flow control valve II is minimized. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, when the two-stage pressure-reducing flow control valve II needs to be completely closed, the second throttle section should be completely closed as the controllable sliding piston 32 slides within the pressure adjustment section by setting the flow rate of hydrogen gas output through the two-stage pressure-reducing flow control valve II to zero. This can be achieved by adjusting the volume of the pressure adjustment section as described above.

[0036] During the flow rate adjustment process of the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate control valve II, the gas in the pressure regulated hydrogen storage passage 7 must be pressed into the first cavity to drive the second actuator 23. Therefore, it is preferable that the position of the connection port between the third passage 5 and the side wall of the first cavity is set within the height range of the stopper ring on the second seal piston 22, thereby ensuring that the connection port between the third passage 5 and the side wall of the first cavity is not covered by the second actuator 23.

[0037] It should also be noted that the hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions of the present invention merely provides a combination valve capable of realizing two-stage pressure reduction, having stable output pressure and adjustable output flow rate, but the specific pressure reduction range and flow rate regulation can be adjusted according to actual needs. For different pressure reduction ranges, flow rate regulation and other output parameters, the structural parameters of the first throttle section, the second throttle section and the third throttle section can be optimized to realize the control of the corresponding output parameters.

[0038] The application scenario of the hydrogen supply combination valve of the present invention is to supply hydrogen to an on-board hydrogen fuel cell. The operating pressure of an on-board hydrogen fuel cell is typically 0.16 MPa. Therefore, the combined hydrogen gas bottle valve for the on-board hydrogen fuel cell must achieve a stable, large pressure drop of hydrogen gas from 70 MPa to 0.16 MPa. In this application scenario, by optimizing the structural parameters of the first, second, and third throttle sections, the hydrogen pressure of the external hydrogen source can be set to 10-70 MPa. The hydrogen gas pressure can be reduced to 2-3 MPa through the single-stage pressure reducing valve I, reduced to the operating pressure of the on-board hydrogen fuel cell through the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve II, and reduced to the operating pressure of the on-board hydrogen fuel cell, 0.16 MPa, through the two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve III. The specific workflow is as follows: S1: The pressure range of the input high-pressure hydrogen gas is set to 10 to 70 MPa, and the opening of the single-stage pressure reducing valve I is controlled to be smaller than that of the two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve II and the two-stage pressure reducing control valve III, thereby increasing the flow resistance coefficient, thereby reducing the pressure of the hydrogen gas to 2 to 3 MPa after the hydrogen gas passes through the single-stage pressure reducing valve. S2: The two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve III has a relatively large throttle area, so that the pressure can be reduced from 2-3 MPa to 0.16 MPa, and the flow rate of the two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve III can be kept constant. S3, the two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve II has a relatively large throttling area and is similarly capable of reducing the pressure from 2-3 MPa to 0.16 MPa. In addition, the opening of the two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve II can be adjusted by adjusting the pressure in the pressure-regulated hydrogen storage flow path 7, making it possible to adjust the amount of flow passing through this valve. By adjusting the piston, the two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve II can be fully closed to achieve the minimum flow rate for hydrogen transport. Of course, the above parameter ranges can be adjusted according to the actual operating conditions, and are only preferred implementations here.

[0039] It is clear that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without performing any creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0040] 1. First-stage outlet flow path 2 Connecting channels 3 First aisle 4 Second aisle 5 Third aisle 6 Two-stage outlet flow path 7 Pressure-regulating hydrogen storage channel 8 Fourth aisle 9 First valve seat 10 Second valve seat 11 Third valve seat 12 Cylindrical seal 13 Inlet channel 14 First aperture base 15 First Actuator 16 Flow path inside actuator 17 First seal gasket 18 First seal piston 19 Holed disc 20 First Spring 21 Second Spring 22 Second seal piston 23 Second Actuator 24 Second seal gasket 25 Third Spring 26 Second aperture base 27 Fourth Spring 28 Third seal piston 29 Fifth Spring 30 Third aperture base 31 Sixth Spring 32 Control sliding piston

Claims

1. A hydrogen supply combination valve having flow rate adjustment and pressure stabilization functions, The device comprises a combination valve body, a one-stage pressure reducing valve (I), a two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve (II), and a two-stage pressure reducing regulation valve (III), the one-stage pressure reducing valve (I), the two-stage pressure reducing flow rate regulating valve (II), and the two-stage pressure reducing regulation valve (III) being disposed within the combination valve body via a first valve seat (9), a second valve seat (10), and a third valve seat (11), respectively, the combination valve body being provided with a first-stage outlet flow path (1), a connecting flow path (2), a second-stage outlet flow path (6), and a pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path (7), the first-stage outlet flow path (1) communicating with the connecting flow path (2), and the second-stage outlet flow path (6) being the final output flow path of the hydrogen supply combination valve, The first-stage pressure reducing valve (I) is used to connect an external hydrogen source, reduce the pressure of input hydrogen gas by one stage, and input the hydrogen gas into the first-stage outlet flow path (1); The two-stage pressure reducing flow control valve (II) includes a second seal piston (22), a second actuator (23), a third spring (25), a second throttle base (26), and a fourth spring (27). The second valve seat (10) does not penetrate the main body of the combination valve. The second seal piston (22) is fixedly attached to the open end of the second valve seat (10) in a sealed manner. The second actuator (23) and the second throttle base (26) are attached within the second valve seat (10). The second actuator (23) is located between the second throttle base (26) and the second seal piston (22). A protruding stopper ring is provided on the side of the second seal piston (22) facing the second actuator (23). The inner cavity of the second valve seat (10) is formed by the second throttle base (26). a valve seat (10) that is partitioned by a valve piston (22), a second actuator (23), and a second throttle base (26), and that successively forms independent first, second, and third cavities from the open end toward the inner bottom surface; a third spring (25) in a compressed state is provided between the second actuator (23) and the second throttle base (26), and a fourth spring (27) in a compressed state is provided between the second throttle base (26) and the inner bottom surface of the second valve seat (10); a two-stage outlet flow path (6') that communicates with the third cavity is provided in the center of the second throttle base (26); one end of the second actuator (23) has a second tapered structure; and the second tapered structure cooperates with the second throttle base (26) to form a second throttle section at the inlet position of the two-stage outlet flow path (6'). The two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve (III) comprises a third seal piston (28), a fifth spring (29), a third throttle base (30), and a sixth spring (31). The third valve seat (11) does not penetrate the main body of the combination valve. The third seal piston (28) is fixedly attached to the open end of the third valve seat (11) in a sealed manner. The third throttle base (30) is attached within the third valve seat (11). The internal cavity of the third valve seat (11) is partitioned by the third seal piston (28) and the third throttle base (30). From the open end toward the inner bottom surface, there are an independent fourth cavity and a fifth cavity. a fifth spring (29) in a compressed state is provided between the third seal piston (28) and the third throttle base (30), a sixth spring (31) in a compressed state is provided between the third throttle base (30) and the inner bottom surface of the third valve seat (11), a three-stage outlet flow passage that communicates with the fourth cavity and the fifth cavity is provided in the center of the third throttle base (30), an end of the third seal piston (28) has a third tapered structure, and the third tapered structure cooperates with the third throttle base (30) at the inlet position of the three-stage outlet flow passage to form a third throttle section; The second cavity and the fourth cavity communicate with the connecting flow path (2) via a first passage (3) and a second passage (4), respectively. The third cavity and the fifth cavity communicate with a second-stage outlet flow path (6), and the first cavity and the second-stage outlet flow path (6) communicate with the pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path (7) via a third passage (5) and a fourth passage (8), respectively. A first connection port of the pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path (7) to the third passage (5) and a second connection port of the pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage flow path (7) to the fourth passage (8) are disposed at an interval, and a pressure-adjusted hydrogen storage space between the first connection port and the second connection port is provided. a pressure regulating section in which a hydrogen storage flow path (7) serves as a pressure regulating section, a controllable sliding piston (32) is provided in the pressure regulating hydrogen storage flow path (7) and forms a piston pair with the flow path inner wall, the pressure regulating section is covered by the sliding stroke of the controllable sliding piston (32) in the pressure regulating hydrogen storage flow path (7), and the controllable sliding piston (32) controls the opening degree of the second throttle section by changing the pressure in the first cavity while sliding within the pressure regulating section, thereby changing the hydrogen gas flow rate output from the two-stage outlet flow path (6).

2. The single-stage pressure reducing valve (I) includes an inlet flow passage (13), a first throttle base (14), a first actuator (15), an actuator internal flow passage (16), a first seal piston (18), a first spring (20), and a second spring (21). The first valve seat (9) penetrates the entire body of the combination valve. The first throttle base (14) and the first seal piston (18) are respectively sealed and fixedly attached to both end openings of the first valve seat (9) through which the inlet flow passage (13) is provided. The first actuator (15) is attached to the first valve seat (9) and is located between the first throttle base (14) and the first seal piston (18). One end of the first actuator (15) has a first tapered structure. The first tapered structure cooperates with the first throttle base (14) at the outlet end of the inlet flow passage (13) to form a first throttle section. The first actuator (15) 2. The hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate regulating and pressure stabilizing functions according to claim 1, wherein a first spring (20) in a compressed state is provided between the actuator (15) and the first seal piston (18), and a second spring (21) in a compressed state is provided between the first actuator (15) and the first throttle base (14), the first spring (20) and the second spring (21) respectively applying two opposing pressures to the first actuator (15), the first actuator (15) having an internal flow path (16) communicating with an upper surface of the first actuator (15), the inlet end of the inlet flow path (13) being used to connect an external hydrogen source, and the input hydrogen gas passes through the inlet flow path (13), the first throttle section, and the internal flow path (16) in this order, before entering the single-stage outlet flow path (1).

3. 3. A combination valve for hydrogen supply with flow rate adjustment and pressure stabilization functions as described in claim 2, characterized in that both the first throttle base (14) and the first seal piston (18) have coaxial spring mounting holes at positions where a first spring (20) is mounted, and a holed disk (19) communicating with a flow path (16) within the actuator is disposed at the bottom of the spring mounting hole of the first throttle base (14), with one end of the first spring (20) supported on the holed disk (19) and the other end supported on the spring mounting hole of the first seal piston (18).

4. 3. A combined hydrogen supply valve with flow rate regulating and pressure stabilizing functions as described in claim 2, characterized in that a sealing connection is formed between the first seal piston (18) and the inner wall of the first valve seat (9), between the first throttle base (14) and the inner wall of the first valve seat (9), and between the first throttle base (14) and the first actuator (15) by a first seal gasket (17).

5. 2. A hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate adjustment and pressure stabilization functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that the first-stage outlet flow path (1) and the connecting flow path (2) are both drilled inward from the surface of the body of the combination valve, and the open ends located on the surface of the body of the combination valve are closed by cylindrical seals (12).

6. 2. The hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions according to claim 1, wherein the controllable sliding piston (32) comprises a control rod, which protrudes from the body of the combination valve and maintains a dynamic seal at a contact position with the body of the combination valve.

7. 2. A combination hydrogen supply valve with flow rate adjustment and pressure stabilization functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that the connection port position between the third passage (5) and the side wall of the first cavity is within the height range of the stopper ring.

8. 2. The combination valve for hydrogen supply with flow rate regulating and pressure stabilizing functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that the second actuator (23) is configured by connecting a second tapered structure below a circular plate, the side wall of the second valve seat (10) has a stepped surface, a second seal gasket (24) is placed on the stepped surface, and when the circular plate moves toward the second throttle base (26), it is pressed against the second seal gasket (24), thereby ensuring sealing and non-communication between the first cavity and the second cavity.

9. 2. The combined hydrogen supply valve with flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions according to claim 1, wherein the controllable sliding piston (32) can completely close the second throttle section while sliding within the pressure regulating section.

10. 2. The hydrogen supply combination valve with flow rate regulation and pressure stabilization functions according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen gas pressure of the external hydrogen source is in the range of 10 to 70 MPa, the pressure of the hydrogen gas is reduced to 2 to 3 MPa after passing through the single-stage pressure reducing valve (I), the pressure of the hydrogen gas is reduced to the operating pressure of the on-board hydrogen fuel cell after passing through the two-stage pressure reducing flow regulating valve (II), and the pressure of the hydrogen gas is reduced to the operating pressure of the on-board hydrogen fuel cell after passing through the two-stage pressure reducing regulating valve (III).

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