Processing machine and adjustment method

Abstract

This processing machine comprises a main shaft, a main shaft drive source, a moving part, a support part, a linear motor, a brake, and a control unit. The main shaft drive source rotates the main shaft. The moving part supports the main shaft and the main shaft drive source. The support part supports the moving part movably in a first direction. The linear motor moves the moving part and the support part relative to each other in the first direction. The brake restricts the relative movement in the first direction of the moving part and the support part. The control unit operates the brake when the balance of the main shaft is adjusted.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a processing machine and an adjustment method. [Background technology]

[0002] With regard to processing machines such as machine tools, techniques for adjusting the balance of a spindle to reduce vibrations that occur when the spindle is rotated are known (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 listed below). Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for adjusting the balance by selectively attaching screws (in other words, balance weights) to the spindle or a member fixed to the spindle at multiple positions around the center line (rotation axis). The screws are attached manually. Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for automatically adjusting the balance using a balance adjustment device attached to the spindle. The balance adjustment device has balance weights at multiple positions around the rotation axis, and adjusts the balance by individually controlling the radial positions of the multiple balance weights. In either case, the balance adjustment is performed by rotating the spindle and measuring the vibrations associated with the spindle, based on the measurement results.

[0003] In this disclosure, terms such as "balance adjustment" are sometimes used in a broad sense that includes vibration measurement, and sometimes in a narrow sense that does not include vibration measurement. Whether the term is used in a broad or narrow sense should be interpreted appropriately in light of the context. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-338034 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-038335 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] When a linear motor is used as a drive unit for translating the spindle, vibrations associated with the spindle in the driving direction of the linear motor can become large when the spindle is rotated for balance adjustment. When vibrations associated with the spindle become large, for example, the processing machine may issue an alarm or forcibly stop the rotation of the spindle. As a result, for example, the alarm may annoy the operator or make it impossible to perform balance adjustment. Therefore, a processing machine and an adjustment method that can eliminate such inconveniences are desired. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A processing machine according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a spindle, a spindle drive source, a moving unit, a support unit, a linear motor, a brake, and a control unit. The spindle drive source rotates the spindle. The moving unit supports the spindle and the spindle drive source. The support unit supports the moving unit so that it can move in a first direction. The linear motor moves the moving unit and the support unit relatively in the first direction. The brake regulates the relative movement between the moving unit and the support unit in the first direction. The control unit activates the brake when adjusting the balance related to the spindle.

[0007] An adjustment method according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a method for adjusting balance in a processing machine. The processing machine has a spindle, a spindle drive source, a moving unit, a support unit, a linear motor, and a brake. The spindle drive source rotates the spindle. The moving unit supports the spindle and the spindle drive source. The support unit supports the moving unit so that it can move in a first direction. The linear motor moves the moving unit and the support unit relatively in the first direction. The brake regulates the relative movement between the moving unit and the support unit in the first direction. The adjustment method includes a detection step, an adjustment step, and a regulation step. The detection step detects vibrations associated with the spindle while the spindle is rotating. The adjustment step adjusts the balance of the spindle based on the vibrations detected in the detection step. The regulation step regulates the relative movement in the first direction between the moving unit and the support unit by the brake while the detection step is being performed for the adjustment step. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The above configuration or procedure can reduce vibrations that occur when the spindle is rotated for balance adjustment, thereby reducing the likelihood that an alarm will annoy the operator or that the spindle rotation will be forcibly stopped, making it impossible to perform balance adjustment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a main part of a processing machine according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a bearing of a main shaft in the processing machine of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a main part of a Y-axis drive unit in the processing machine of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic front view showing the main part of the Y-axis drive unit of FIG. 3. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a signal processing system in the processing machine of FIG. 1. [Figure 6]4 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure for balance adjustment in the processing machine of FIG. 1; [Figure 7] 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure relating to an adjustment mode in the processing machine of FIG. 1; [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of a signal processing system in a processing machine according to a second embodiment. [Figure 9] 9(a) and 9(b) are diagrams showing the change over time in position error during balance adjustment according to the comparative example and the working example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] First Embodiment First, an overview of a processing machine and an adjustment method thereof according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described, and then specific examples of the processing machine and the adjustment method will be described.

[0011] (Overview of the processing machine) FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a main part of a processing machine 1 according to a first embodiment.

[0012] The relationship between the orientations of the various components shown in the drawings and the vertical direction is arbitrary. However, for convenience, the following description may be expressed on the assumption that the relationship between the orientations of the various components and the vertical direction is the relationship illustrated in the drawings. For convenience, the drawings are illustrated with a Cartesian coordinate system XYZ. The Z direction is, for example, a direction parallel to the vertical direction, and the +Z side is, for example, upward.

[0013] The processing machine 1, for example, rotates a spindle 37 to which a tool 101 is attached, and processes (e.g., cuts) a workpiece 103 with the tool 101. During processing, the tool 101 and the workpiece 103 are also moved in parallel. The processing machine 1 has a configuration including a linear motor as a drive unit that moves the spindle 37 in parallel.

[0014] In the processing machine 1, balance adjustment is performed prior to processing in order to reduce vibrations that occur when the main shaft 37 is rotated. In balance adjustment, first, the main shaft 37 is rotated and vibrations associated with the main shaft 37 are measured. At this time, as described above, vibrations associated with the main shaft 37 increase in the driving direction of the linear motor, which may cause inconveniences such as the processing machine 1 issuing an alarm or forcibly stopping the rotation of the main shaft 37.

[0015] Therefore, the processing machine 1 has a brake 39 that restricts the parallel movement of the spindle 37 in the driving direction of the linear motor. By rotating the spindle 37 with the brake 39 activated, it is possible to reduce the vibration of the spindle 37 in the driving direction of the linear motor, thereby eliminating the above-mentioned inconvenience.

[0016] Then, based on the vibration measurement results, the balance of the spindle is adjusted (in the narrow sense) by attaching / detaching or adjusting the position of the balance weight. As a result, even when the brake is not activated, the large vibrations described above do not occur. Then, machining is carried out without any problems. For example, the brake 39 is not used during machining.

[0017] The above is an overview of the processing machine 1 and the adjustment method thereof according to the first embodiment. Specific examples of the processing machine 1 and the adjustment method will be described below. The following will be roughly explained in the following order. 1. Tool 101 (Figure 1) 2. Work 103 (Figure 1) 3. Processing machine 1 (Fig. 1 to Fig. 5) 4. Balance adjustment procedure (Figures 6 and 7) 5. Summary of the First Embodiment

[0018] (1.Tools) The tool 101 may be any of various tools used for various processes. For example, the tool 101 may be a cutting tool for cutting, a grinding tool for grinding, or a polishing tool for polishing. The cutting tool may be, for example, a milling tool (rotating tool) that rotates itself to cut the workpiece 103 (as shown in the example), or a turning tool that cuts the rotating workpiece 103. Examples of milling tools include milling cutters, drills, and reamers. The grinding tool or polishing tool may use fixed abrasive grains fixed to the tool, or may use free abrasive grains contained in a slurry.

[0019] As can be understood from the above explanation that the tool 101 may be a turning tool, the object attached to the spindle 37 may be the workpiece 103 instead of the tool 101. However, in the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, explanations or expressions may be given on the premise that the tool 101 is attached to the spindle 37 as in the illustrated example.

[0020] The tool 101 illustrated in FIG. 1 is, more specifically, a grinding wheel that performs grinding on the outer periphery. From another perspective, the tool 101 is a blade having a cutting edge on the outer periphery. The blade is generally plate-shaped (disk-shaped or ring-shaped) with a circular outer edge. The blade is used to form grooves in the workpiece 103 and / or cut (divide) the workpiece 103 by rotating around its axis (around a rotation axis parallel to the Y direction in the illustrated example). The processing machine 1 may be equipped with a single blade (as in the illustrated example), or may be equipped with multiple blades spaced apart from one another in a direction parallel to the rotation axis. Note that the following description may be based on the assumption that a single blade is attached, as in the illustrated example.

[0021] (2. Work) As can be understood from the above description that the type of machining performed by the tool 101 may be various, the workpiece 103 may also be various. For example, the material of the workpiece 103 may be various, such as metal, ceramic, resin, wood, chemical wood, or a composite material (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced plastic). The shape and dimensions of the workpiece 103 before and / or after machining are arbitrary. The dimensional accuracy required for the workpiece 103 after machining is also arbitrary. For example, in cases where a relatively high accuracy is required, the accuracy (tolerance) may be 10 μm or less, 1 μm or less, or 100 nm or less.

[0022] 1 is plate-shaped. The planar shape of the plate-shaped workpiece 103 before machining is arbitrary, for example, rectangular (as shown in the example) or circular. In the embodiment in which the tool 101 is a disk-shaped blade having a cutting edge on its outer periphery as described above, the blade contributes to, for example, forming grooves on the top surface (+Z side surface) of the plate-shaped workpiece 103 that extend in a direction (X direction) perpendicular to the rotation axis of the tool 101, or dividing the workpiece 103 in the Y direction.

[0023] (3. Processing machine) The processing machine 1 has a machine body 3 including a spindle 37 and physically involved in processing, and a control unit 5 (see FIG. 5) that controls the machine body 3. In the following explanation, the explanation will be made roughly in the following order. 3.1. Overview of the Machine (Fig. 1) 3.2. Machine body of the illustrated example (Fig. 1) 3.3. Example of spindle rotation configuration (Fig. 2) 3.4. Example of configuration related to parallel movement of main axis (Figs. 3 and 4) 3.5. Brakes (Figures 3 and 4) 3.6. Example of a configuration for balancing (Figures 2 and 5) 3.7. Control Unit 5 (Fig. 5) 3.8. Signal Processing System Configuration (Figure 5)

[0024] (3.1. Overview of the Machine) The machine body 3 supports and drives the tool 101 and the workpiece 103. In other words, the machine body 3 is responsible for the main part of the machining. The machine body 3 may have a variety of configurations, and may have a known configuration, for example, except that it has a brake 39.

[0025] For example, machines that perform processing are sometimes distinguished between machine tools and industrial robots (although the boundary between them is not always clear). When such a distinction is made, the machine body 3 (or processing machine 1) may be classified into either category. In the description of this embodiment, an example is taken of a device that is generally classified as a machine tool.

[0026] Furthermore, as can be understood from the above description of the tool 101, the machining that is the subject of the machine body 3 (or the processing machine 1) may be various types of machining, such as cutting, grinding, and / or polishing. Furthermore, the machine body 3 that performs cutting or the like may be one that rotates the tool 101 or one that rotates the workpiece 103.

[0027] The machine body 3 may or may not be a multi-task machine. The machine body 3 may drive one tool 101 (as in the illustrated example), or may be a multi-axis or multi-head machine that simultaneously drives multiple tools 101. The machine body 3 (machining machine 1) that rotates the tool 101 (milling tool) may be, for example, a milling machine, a drill press, a boring machine, or a machining center.

[0028] The machine body 3 moves the tool 101 and the workpiece 103 relatively along, for example, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, which are orthogonal to each other. The machine body 3 may be capable of moving the tool 101 and the workpiece 103 relatively along other axes in addition to the above three axes. For example, the machine body 3 (machine 1) may be capable of rotating around at least one axis parallel to any of the above three axes (e.g., a five-axis machining center). The relative movement between the tool 101 and the workpiece 103 along each axis may be achieved by moving the tool 101 or by moving the workpiece 103, as is understood from known machine tools.

[0029] In an embodiment in which the tool 101 is a turning tool, the relative relationship between the orientation of the spindle 37, the orientation of the table 25, the vertical direction, and the movement direction of the spindle 37 in which the brake 39 is used (Y direction and Z direction in the illustrated example; hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the "first direction") is arbitrary. Similarly, in an embodiment in which the tool 101 is a turning tool, the relative relationship between the orientation of the spindle 37, the orientation of the tool post, the vertical direction, and the first direction is arbitrary.

[0030] For example, the main shaft 37 (its rotation axis) may be parallel to (in the illustrated example) or may intersect (for example, perpendicular to) the upper surface of the table 25. Furthermore, the first direction may be intersecting (for example, perpendicular to) the main shaft 37 (for example, the Z direction in the illustrated example) or may be parallel to (for example, the Y direction in the illustrated example). Furthermore, the first direction may be intersecting (for example, perpendicular to) the upper surface of the table 25 (for example, the Z direction in the illustrated example) or may be parallel to (for example, the Y direction in the illustrated example).

[0031] (3.2. Machine body in the illustrated example) In FIG. 1, the machine body 3 is exemplified by a slicer that can perform cutting by rotating a disk-shaped tool 101 having a cutting edge on the outer periphery.

[0032] 1 has the following components for supporting the workpiece 103: a base 21 installed on the floor of a factory or the like; an X-axis bed 23 fixed on the base 21; a table 25 supported by the X-axis bed 23 and movable in the X direction (horizontal direction); and a chuck 27 fixed on the table 25 and for detachably holding the workpiece 103. Although not particularly shown, the machine body 3 may be configured so that the table 25 can rotate around an axis parallel to the Z axis.

[0033] 1 has the following components as components for supporting and driving the tool 101: the base 21; a Y-axis bed 29 fixed on the base 21; a Y-axis moving section 31 supported by the Y-axis bed 29 and movable in the Y direction (horizontal direction); a Z-axis moving section 33 supported by the Y-axis moving section 31 and movable in the Z direction (vertical direction); a spindle head 35 (not including the spindle 37) fixed to the Z-axis moving section 33; and a spindle 37 supported by the spindle head 35 to be rotatable about a rotation axis parallel to the Y direction, and which detachably holds the tool 101.

[0034] A driving force from a driving source (e.g., an electric motor) not shown is transmitted to the table 25, causing the table 25 to move in the X direction, thereby moving the workpiece 103 supported on the table 25 in the X direction relative to the tool 101. A driving force from a predetermined driving source (e.g., a Y-axis motor 41Y shown in FIG. 5, which will be described later) is transmitted to the Y-axis moving unit 31, causing the Y-axis moving unit 31 to move in the Y direction, thereby moving the tool 101 supported on the Y-axis moving unit 31 in the Y direction relative to the workpiece 103. A driving force from a predetermined driving source (e.g., a Z-axis motor 41Z shown in FIG. 5) is transmitted to the Z-axis moving unit 33, causing the Z-axis moving unit 33 to move in the Z direction, thereby moving the tool 101 supported on the Z-axis moving unit 33 in the Z direction relative to the workpiece 103. A driving force from a predetermined driving source (e.g., a spindle motor 43 shown in FIG. 5) is transmitted to the spindle 37, causing the spindle 37 to rotate about its axis, thereby rotating the tool 101 held by the spindle 37 about its axis.

[0035] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram, and the shapes of each component (21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37) are merely schematic. The actual shapes of each component may differ significantly from those shown in the drawings. The materials of each component may also be selected arbitrarily. Furthermore, guides (reference numerals omitted) that guide the moving component (25, 31, or 33) that moves parallel to the supporting component (23, 29, or 31) are also merely schematic, and may differ from the shapes shown in the drawings.

[0036] The guide that guides the moving part (25, 31, or 33) that moves parallel to the support part (23, 29, or 31) (or, from another perspective, restricts movement in directions other than the parallel movement) may be any appropriate type. For example, the guide may be a sliding guide in which the support part and the moving part slide, a rolling guide in which a rolling element rolls between the support part and the moving part, a hydrostatic guide in which air or oil is interposed between the support part and the moving part, or a combination of two or more of these. Similarly, the bearing of the main shaft 37 may be a sliding bearing, a rolling bearing, a hydrostatic bearing, or a combination of two or more of these.

[0037] The drive source for the parallel movement is, for example, an electric motor. This electric motor may be a rotary motor or a linear motor. However, in this embodiment, at least one of the one or more drive sources for parallel movement of the main shaft 37 is a linear motor. The rotational motion of the rotary electric motor may be converted into linear motion by an appropriate mechanism such as a screw mechanism (e.g., a ball screw mechanism). Furthermore, the drive source for the parallel movement may be a hydraulic (including a hydraulic type; the same applies hereinafter) or pneumatic (including a pneumatic type; the same applies hereinafter) drive source.

[0038] The drive source for rotating the main shaft 37 is, for example, a rotary electric motor. However, the drive source for rotating the main shaft 37 may be a hydraulic or pneumatic drive source. The rotation of the rotary electric motor may be transmitted to the main shaft 37 directly or via a clutch and / or a speed change mechanism.

[0039] The specific configuration of the various electric motors involved in the translation or rotation of the main shaft 37 may be various. The electric motors may be DC motors or AC motors. The AC motors may be synchronous motors or induction motors.

[0040] The chuck 27 is configured as, for example, a vacuum chuck or an electrostatic chuck, and is attached to the table 25 by an appropriate tool such as a machine vise (not shown). Note that, unlike the above description, the chuck 27 may be configured as an inseparable unit with the table 25. Also, the chuck 27 may not be provided, and the workpiece 103 may be fixed to the table 25 by an appropriate jig (for example, a machine vise) separate from the chuck 27. Note that, unlike the description of this embodiment, the combination of the table 25 and the chuck 27 may be considered to be the table.

[0041] The spindle 37 may hold the tool 101 by its own mechanism (e.g., a clamping mechanism), or the tool 101 may be attached by a device including a screw or the like. The blade (tool 101) may be fixed to the spindle 37 by, for example, a member (not shown) having a shaft portion that is inserted into a hole formed in the center of the blade, flanges 105 and 107 (see FIG. 5 ) that overlap the blade in the axial direction of the spindle 37, and a screw (not shown) that is inserted through these members and threaded into the spindle 37. In such an embodiment, the blade may be considered to be the tool 101, or the tool 101 may be the entire combination of the blade and a device for attaching the blade to the spindle 37.

[0042] (3.3. Example of configuration related to spindle rotation) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration related to the rotation of the main shaft 37. As shown in FIG.

[0043] As described above, the bearing of the main shaft 37 and the drive source of the main shaft 37 may have any configuration. Fig. 2 illustrates a hydrostatic bearing as an example of the bearing of the main shaft 37, and a rotary electric motor as an example of the drive source of the main shaft 37. Specifically, this is as follows.

[0044] A gap is defined between the outer surface of the spindle 37 and the inner surface of the spindle head 35. A fluid is supplied to the gap at a predetermined pressure by a pump 45 or the like. The fluid may be a gas (e.g., air) or a liquid (e.g., oil or water). With this configuration, the bearing 47 is configured as a hydrostatic bearing. Note that a hydrostatic bearing in which the fluid is air is sometimes called an air bearing. The bearing 47 may be considered to have a surface that faces the spindle head 35 or the spindle 37 of the spindle head 35 across a gap, and may also be considered to have the pump 45 in addition to this. When the fluid is a gas, the compressor is considered to be one form of a pump.

[0045] More specifically, bearing 47 in the illustrated example functions as a radial bearing that supports spindle 37 in the radial direction and as a thrust bearing that supports spindle 37 in the axial direction. The radial bearing is realized by interposing a fluid between the outer peripheral surface of spindle 37 around its axis and the inner peripheral surface of spindle head 35 that faces said outer peripheral surface. The thrust bearing is realized by interposing a fluid between both axial surfaces (front and back) of flange portion 37f of spindle 37 and the two surfaces of spindle head 35 that face said both axial surfaces.

[0046] Spindle motor 43, which serves as a rotary electric motor for rotating spindle 37, is configured, for example, by a so-called built-in motor. In other words, no damping mechanism or the like is interposed between spindle 37 and spindle motor 43. Specifically, for example, spindle motor 43 has a rotor 43r fixed to spindle 37 and a stator 43s fixed to spindle head 35. Rotor 43r constitutes one of a field magnet and an armature. Stator 43s constitutes the other of a field magnet and an armature. Spindle motor 43 may be provided at an appropriate position in the axial direction of spindle 37.

[0047] (3.4. Example of configuration related to parallel movement of main axis) Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a configuration related to movement of the main shaft 37 (Y-axis moving section 31) in the Y direction. Fig. 4 is a front view of the configuration shown in Fig. 3.

[0048] 3 and 4 show only the lower portion 31a of the Y-axis moving section 31. Note that for ease of illustration, the lower portion 31a is a portion of the lower portion of the Y-axis moving section 31 that has been cut out for convenience, and the shape of the lower portion 31a does not necessarily match the shape of the members that are assembled to form the Y-axis moving section 31.

[0049] As described above, the guide that guides the Y-axis moving part 31 in the Y direction may have any configuration. Figures 3 and 4 show an example of a guide having a ridged rail, although no particular reference numeral is given to this guide. As can be understood from the above explanation, a rolling element (e.g., a ball) or a fluid may be interposed between the rail and the Y-axis moving part 31, or such an element may not be interposed.

[0050] As described above, the drive source that moves the Y-axis moving unit 31 in the Y direction may have any configuration. FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a linear motor (Y-axis motor 41Y) as an example of the drive source. For example, the Y-axis motor 41Y includes a magnet array 41a consisting of multiple magnets 41c arranged in the Y direction on the upper surface of the Y-axis bed 29, and an appropriate number of coils 41b (FIG. 4) fixed to the lower surface of the Y-axis moving unit 31 and facing the magnet array 41a. When AC power is supplied to the coils 41b, the magnet array 41a and the coils 41b generate a drive force in the Y direction. Consequently, the Y-axis moving unit 31 moves in the Y direction relative to the Y-axis bed 29.

[0051] Here, the driving source that moves the Y-axis moving unit 31 is taken as an example. However, the above explanation may be appropriately applied to cases where the driving source that moves the Z-axis moving unit 33 is a linear motor. Note that in the explanation of this embodiment, explanations and expressions may be given on the assumption that the driving source that moves the Z-axis moving unit 33 is also a linear motor (sometimes referred to as Z-axis motor 41Z, as shown in FIG. 5 described later) like the Y-axis motor 41Y.

[0052] (3.5. Brakes) The brake 39 may take various forms. For example, the brake 39 may be a friction brake that utilizes frictional resistance, a fluid brake that utilizes the kinetic resistance of a fluid, or an electric brake that converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. The brake 39 only needs to have the function of restricting the movement of the moving part (31 or 33) when it is stopped. In other words, it does not have to have the function of slowing down the moving part when it is moving (although it may, of course). Therefore, unlike a normal brake, the brake 39 may be configured to abut (engage) with the moving part in the direction of movement of the moving part to restrict its movement.

[0053] 3 and 4 are also diagrams showing an example of the configuration of a Y-axis brake 39Y (an example of the brake 39) that restricts movement of the main shaft 37 (Y-axis moving part 31) in the Y direction.

[0054] Y-axis brake 39Y is configured to utilize frictional resistance. Specifically, Y-axis brake 39Y has plate 49, a pair of pads 51 facing each other with part of plate 49 in between, and drive unit 53 that moves the pair of pads 51 toward and away from plate 49.

[0055] Plate 49 is fixed to one of Y-axis bed 29 and Y-axis moving section 31 (Y-axis bed 29 in the illustrated example). Drive section 53 is fixed to the other of Y-axis bed 29 and Y-axis moving section 31 (Y-axis moving section 31 in the illustrated example). A pair of pads 51 are supported by drive section 53. Plate 49 has portions (contact portions) that extend parallel to the Y direction. The brake is activated when the pair of pads 51 contact the contact portions in a direction perpendicular to the Y direction (Z direction in the illustrated example).

[0056] Pad 51 can be expressed as a first member supported by the moving section (Y-axis moving section 31) so as to be immovable in the first direction (Y direction) relative to the moving section. Plate 49 can be expressed as a second member supported by the supporting section (Y-axis bed 29) so as to be immovable in the first direction (Y direction) relative to the supporting section.

[0057] Plate 49 has a length equal to the movable distance of Y-axis moving unit 31, for example. Therefore, Y-axis brake 39Y can restrict the movement of Y-axis moving unit 31 when Y-axis moving unit 31 is in any position. However, the length of plate 49 may be shorter than the above. For example, plate 49 may have a length that allows it to restrict the movement of Y-axis moving unit 31 only when Y-axis moving unit 31 is in a predetermined position.

[0058] The plate 49 has a shape that allows the pair of pads 51 to contact from both sides. In the illustrated example, the plate 49 has a width in the X direction, both sides in the Z direction (the front and back of the plate) are exposed, and a fin-shaped portion extending in the Y direction. The fin-shaped portion is, for example, a roughly rectangular flat plate. However, the portion that the pair of pads 51 contact from both sides may be provided in a different orientation and shape from the above. For example, the portion may have a width in the Z direction and both sides in the X direction (the front and back of the plate) are exposed.

[0059] Y-axis brake 39Y may have only one pad 51. In this case, plate 49 does not need to have a portion exposed on both sides. Therefore, for example, plate 49 may only have a portion that overlaps the side of Y-axis bed 29. Then, pad 51 may be pressed against Y-axis bed 29 in the X direction.

[0060] The driving system of the driving unit 53 may be various, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric. The specific structure is also arbitrary. For example, although not particularly shown, the driving unit 53 may have a pneumatic cylinder. Gas may be supplied to the cylinder to drive it, thereby bringing the pair of pads 51 into contact with and / or away from the plate 49.

[0061] A transmission mechanism of an appropriate configuration may be interposed between the drive source (for example, a pneumatic cylinder) and the pair of pads 51. The transmission mechanism may, for example, contribute to distributing the force generated by the drive source to the pair of pads 51 or increasing the force that drives the pads 51. Alternatively, one of the contact and separation may be achieved by the restoring force of a spring, and the force of the drive source such as a pneumatic cylinder may be used for only the other of the contact and separation.

[0062] When the drive source is a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, the Y-axis brake 39Y may be controlled, for example, by controlling a valve (not shown) that controls the supply of liquid or gas to the cylinder. The valve may be of any suitable type, such as a solenoid valve. Note that, for convenience, the following description may be written in a manner that ignores the existence of such a valve. For example, it may be written that the control unit 5 controls the brake 39. Also, unlike the above, the valve may be considered to be included in the brake 39.

[0063] The configuration of the Y-axis brake 39Y shown in Figures 3 and 4 may be applied to brakes in other directions (for example, the Z-axis brake 39Z shown in Figure 5, which will be described later). For example, although not specifically shown, the Z-axis brake 39Z may have a plate 49 fixed to one of the Y-axis moving unit 31 (support unit) and the Z-axis moving unit 33 (moving unit), a drive unit 53 fixed to the other of the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Z-axis moving unit 33, and a pair of pads 51 supported by the drive unit 53. The plate 49 may have portions (contact portions) that extend in the Z direction. Then, the pair of pads 51 may contact the contact portions, thereby restricting the relative movement of the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Z-axis moving unit 33 in the Z direction.

[0064] When a brake restricts the relative movement between a moving part (e.g., Y-axis moving part 31) and a supporting part (e.g., Y-axis bed 29), the brake may be supported by the moving part and the supporting part, as in the illustrated example, to directly restrict the relative movement between them, or may be supported by another part to indirectly restrict the relative movement between them. For example, the relative movement in the Y direction between Y-axis moving part 31 and Y-axis bed 29 may be restricted by abutment between pad 51 supported by Z-axis moving part 33 and plate 49 supported by Y-axis bed 29.

[0065] (3.6. Example of a configuration for balancing) The configuration for adjusting the balance of the spindle (i.e., adjustment in the narrow sense) except for measuring vibrations of the spindle may be various configurations, for example, known configurations. Examples are given below.

[0066] 2, the tip end of the spindle 37 (the end on which the tool 101 is attached) may be provided with female thread portions 37a at a plurality of positions around the axis of the spindle 37. Then, male threads 55 may be selectively threaded into the plurality of female thread portions 37a to adjust balance. The female thread portions 37a may be located on the tip surface of the spindle 37 (in the illustrated example), or may be located on the outer circumferential surface of the tip end of the spindle 37.

[0067] As shown in the figure, the rear end of spindle 37 may be provided with female thread portions 37b at multiple positions around the axis of spindle 37. Then, balance may be adjusted by selectively threading male threads 57 into the multiple female thread portions 37b. Female thread portion 37b may be located on the rear end surface of spindle 37 (in the illustrated example), or may be located on the outer circumferential surface of the rear end of spindle 37.

[0068] 5, the tool 101 or a device (flange 105 or 107) for attaching the tool 101 to the spindle 37 may be provided with female threads 59 at a plurality of positions around the axis of the spindle 37. Then, male threads 61 may be selectively threadedly engaged with the plurality of female threads 59 to adjust balance. In the illustrated example, the female threads 59 are provided on the flange 107 located on the tip side of the tool 101. In this case, the female threads 59 may be located on the front surface of the flange 107 (the surface opposite to the tool 101) (in the illustrated example), or may be located on the outer circumferential surface of the flange 107.

[0069] In addition to the above, although not shown, a balance ring may be used. Also, when the tool 101 is a grindstone using fixed abrasive grains as in the example shown, the balance may be adjusted by grinding the tool 101. In this case, the processing machine 1 may have a configuration (not shown) for truing.

[0070] As can be understood from the above description and the configuration related to the spindle 37 in Fig. 2, balance is not limited to the spindle 37, but also involves the rotor 43r of the spindle motor 43 and the tool 101. Therefore, in the description of this disclosure, the term "balance related to the spindle 37" may be used instead of the term "balance of the spindle 37." This balance refers to the balance of the spindle 37 and all of the members that rotate together with the spindle 37. However, for convenience, unless otherwise specified or unless a contradiction arises, the terms "balance of the spindle 37" and "balance related to the spindle 37" may be interchangeable.

[0071] (3.7. Control Unit) The control unit 5 shown in Fig. 5 may be configured to include, for example, a computer. The computer may be configured to include, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and an external storage device, although these are not specifically shown. The CPU executes programs stored in the ROM and / or the external storage device to implement various functional units that perform control, etc. The control unit 5 may also include a logic circuit that performs only certain processes.

[0072] The control unit 5 is a conceptualized control unit for the entire processing machine 1. The control unit 5 may be integrated in one location in terms of hardware, or may be provided in multiple locations.

[0073] (3.8. Signal Processing System Configuration) 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a signal processing system of the processing machine 1. This figure shows only the configuration related to the balance adjustment of the spindle 37. Therefore, for example, the drive source for moving the table 25 is not shown.

[0074] In this figure, in addition to the processing machine 1, a measurement system 151 for measuring vibrations associated with the spindle 37 is also shown. In the description of this embodiment, the measurement system 151 will be described as a device separate from the processing machine 1. However, the processing machine 1 may be defined to include the measurement system 151.

[0075] 5, the processing machine 1 has a machine body 3 that is directly involved in processing, and a control unit 5 that controls the machine body 3. The machine body 3 has a spindle 37, a spindle head 35, a spindle motor 43, a Y-axis motor 41Y, a Z-axis motor 41Z, a Y-axis brake 39Y, and a Z-axis brake 39Z.

[0076] The processing machine 1 also has, for example, a rotation sensor 63 that detects the number of rotations (rotational speed) of the spindle motor 43, a Y-axis position sensor 65Y that detects the position of the Y-axis motor 41Y (the position of the mover relative to the stator), and a Z-axis position sensor 65Z that detects the position of the Z-axis motor 41Z. The various sensors may be configured in various ways. For example, the rotation sensor 63 may be a rotary encoder or resolver. The Y-axis position sensor 65Y and the Z-axis position sensor 65Z may be, for example, a linear encoder or a laser length measuring device.

[0077] The control unit 5 may feedback-control the rotation speed of the spindle motor 43 based on the rotation speed detected by the rotation sensor 63. The control unit 5 may feedback-control the position of the Y-axis motor 41Y based on the position detected by the Y-axis position sensor 65Y. The control unit 5 may feedback-control the position of the Z-axis motor 41Z based on the position detected by the Z-axis position sensor 65Z.

[0078] For convenience, Fig. 5 illustrates a so-called semi-closed loop configuration in which the rotation speed or position of the motor is used for feedback. However, in the configuration illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, the spindle motor 43 is a built-in motor fixed to the spindle head 35 and the spindle 37, the Y-axis motor 41Y is a linear motor fixed to the Y-axis bed 29 and the Y-axis moving unit 31, and the Z-axis motor 41Z is a linear motor fixed to the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Z-axis moving unit 33. In other words, no mechanism that would cause a position error, such as a gear mechanism, is interposed between the electric motor and the driven object. Therefore, Fig. 5 may be considered to illustrate a so-called full-closed loop in which the rotation speed or position of the driven object is detected and feedback-controlled.

[0079] In a configuration different from the configuration illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, so-called full-closed loop feedback control may be performed instead of or in addition to the semi-closed loop. In the configuration illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 and a configuration different from the configuration, for example, instead of detecting the position of Y-axis moving unit 31 in the Y direction, the position of main shaft 37 in the Y direction may be detected. In other words, a more strict full-closed loop feedback control may be performed. Furthermore, so-called open control, in which feedback control is not performed, may be performed for the drive of any of the axes (including the rotation of main shaft 37).

[0080] As can be understood from the above-described various aspects of control, sensors can be considered to directly detect the rotation or position of a detection target or to indirectly detect the rotation or position of a detection target. However, in this disclosure, for convenience, no distinction will be made between the two unless otherwise specified. For example, when referring to a position sensor that detects the position of spindle 37 in the Y direction, the sensor may directly detect the position of spindle 37 relative to an immovable part (e.g., base 21 or Y-axis bed 29), or may indirectly detect the position of spindle 37 by directly detecting the position of Y-axis movable part 31 relative to an immovable part, or may indirectly detect the position of spindle 37 by directly detecting the position of Y-axis motor 41Y (the position of the mover relative to the stator). Furthermore, in relation to the above, for example, when referring to a position error of spindle 37 based on a detection value of a position sensor, the position error may be based on a detection value of a sensor that directly detects the position of spindle 37, or may be detected by a sensor that indirectly detects the position of spindle 37 (e.g., Y-axis position sensor 65Y).

[0081] The processing machine 1 has an operation unit 67 that accepts operations from an operator and an alarm unit 69 that notifies the operator. These components may have various configurations, for example, known configurations. For example, the operation unit 67 may be configured to include a touch panel and a mechanical switch. The alarm unit 69 may present information visually and / or audibly. Examples of the former include a display (which may also serve as a touch panel) that displays an arbitrary image, a display that displays a segment, and a lamp that indicates information by its lighting state. Examples of the latter include a speaker. The control unit 5 may control the machine main body 3 or control the alarm unit 69 to present predetermined information based on, for example, information input from the operation unit 67 and / or information from the machine main body 3 (e.g., various sensors).

[0082] The measurement system 151 may have various configurations, for example, a known configuration. For example, the measurement system 151 has a rotation sensor 71 that detects the number of rotations of the spindle 37, a vibration sensor 73 that measures vibrations related to the spindle 37, and a measurement device 75 to which signals from these sensors are input.

[0083] The rotation sensor 71 detects the passage of a detection target (not shown) attached to the tool 101 or a tool (such as the flange 107) for attaching the tool 101 at a position away from the center of rotation. That is, the rotation sensor 71 is a rotary encoder. The detection target may be detachable from the tool 101 or the tool (such as the flange 107). The rotation sensor 71 does not necessarily have to be provided.

[0084] The vibration sensor 73 is attached to an appropriate position (in the illustrated example, on the outer circumferential surface of the spindle head 35) where vibrations caused by the rotation of the spindle 37 appear, and detects displacement, speed, and / or acceleration. The vibration sensor 73 may be detachable from the processing machine 1 using a magnet, a screw, or the like. Note that, because displacement, speed, and acceleration can be converted into each other by differentiation or integration, for convenience, they may not be particularly distinguished in the description of the embodiments. The same applies to rotation sensors and position sensors.

[0085] Although not specifically shown, the measuring device 75 is configured to include a computer, an operation unit, and an alarm unit. For these components, the explanations of the control unit 5, the operation unit 67, and the alarm unit 69 may be appropriately cited. The measuring device 75 displays information (information on the detected values ​​themselves and / or information processed from the detected values ​​themselves) based on, for example, the detected values ​​of the vibration sensor 73 (and, if necessary, the detected values ​​of the rotation sensor 71). This allows the operator to consider guidelines for the work of adjusting the balance (for example, where to attach the male screws 55, 57, and / or 61).

[0086] As can be seen from the fact that the vibration sensor 73 is attached to the spindle head 35 in the illustrated example, the vibration to be measured may not only be the vibration of the spindle 37 or a member (e.g., the tool 101) fixed to the spindle 37, but may also be the vibration of a member to which vibration from the spindle 37 is transmitted. Therefore, in the explanation of this disclosure, the term "vibration related to the spindle 37" may be used instead of the term "vibration of the spindle 37." Whether or not something can be said to be vibration related to the spindle 37 (whether or not it is vibration that can contribute to balance adjustment) may be reasonably determined in light of common technical knowledge. For convenience, unless otherwise specified and unless a contradiction arises, the terms "vibration of the spindle 37" and "vibration related to the spindle 37" may be interchangeable.

[0087] (4. Balance Adjustment Procedure) FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of a balance adjustment procedure.

[0088] In this diagram, steps ST1 to ST6 on the left side of the diagram indicate the operation of the processing machine 1 (or, from another perspective, the control by the control unit 5). Steps ST11 to ST14 in the center of the diagram indicate the work of the operator. Steps ST21 to ST24 on the right side of the diagram indicate the operation of the measuring device 75.

[0089] In step ST11, the operator operates the operation unit 67 of the processing machine 1 to instruct the processing machine 1 to start rotating the main spindle 37 in order to measure vibrations associated with the main spindle 37.

[0090] In step ST1, the control unit 5 determines whether or not the instruction in step ST11 has been issued, and if the determination is negative, the control unit 5 waits (repeats step ST1), and if the determination is positive, the control unit 5 proceeds to step ST2.

[0091] In step ST2, the control unit 5 activates the brakes 39 (for example, the Y-axis brake 39Y and the Z-axis brake 39Z) to restrict the parallel movement of the spindle 37. The control unit 5 also rotates the spindle motor 43. The restriction of the parallel movement is started, for example, before the spindle motor 43 starts to rotate. However, the start of the restriction may be delayed slightly from the start of rotation, as long as it is before the vibration of the spindle 37 becomes large.

[0092] The rotation speed of the spindle motor 43 is set to, for example, a predetermined target rotation speed (i.e., constant). This target rotation speed may be set, for example, by operating the operation unit 67 in step ST11. The position of the spindle 37 when the parallel movement is restricted may be set to, for example, the position when step ST11 is performed (or, from another perspective, when a positive determination is made in step ST1). Alternatively, after step ST11 and before step ST2, the processing machine 1 may move the spindle 37 to a predetermined target position. The target position may be set by operating the operation unit 67 in step ST11, or may be set by the operator or the manufacturer before that.

[0093] After step ST11, the operator determines whether the rotation speed displayed on the notification unit 69 or the notification unit of the measuring device 75 has reached the target rotation speed. If the operator determines that the rotation speed has been reached, the operator instructs the measuring device 75 to start measuring vibrations via the operation unit of the measuring device 75 (step ST12).

[0094] In step ST21, the measuring device 75 determines whether or not the instruction in step ST12 has been issued. If the determination is negative, the measuring device 75 waits (repeating step ST21), and if the determination is positive, the measuring device 75 proceeds to step ST22.

[0095] In step ST22, the measuring device 75 acquires information on the detected value (information on the physical quantity (displacement, etc.) related to the vibration of the spindle 37) from the vibration sensor 73. The period (sampling period) for acquiring the information on the detected value is arbitrary.

[0096] In step ST23, the measuring device 75 determines whether or not the condition for ending the measurement is satisfied. If the determination is negative, the measuring device 75 continues the measurement (returns to step ST22), and if the determination is positive, the measuring device 75 proceeds to step ST24. The condition for ending the measurement may be, for example, that a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the measurement, or that the operator has performed an operation to instruct the end of the measurement.

[0097] In step ST24, the measuring device 75 displays the measurement results on the notification unit. The displayed information may be time-series data of the detected values ​​themselves, or may be analysis results based on the detected values. The analysis results may suggest, for example, where to attach the male screws 55, 57, or 61.

[0098] After step ST12, the operator determines whether or not the measuring device 75 has finished the measurement, or instructs the measuring device 75 to finish the measurement, based on, for example, information displayed on the notification unit of the measuring device 75. Then, when the measurement by the measuring device 75 is finished, the operator instructs the processing machine 1 to finish the rotation of the spindle 37 for measurement by operating the operation unit 67 (step ST13).

[0099] In step ST3, the control unit 5 of the processing machine 1 determines whether or not the position error exceeds a predetermined threshold (in other words, whether or not it is excessive) based on the detection value of the position sensor (e.g., the Y-axis position sensor 65Y and / or the Z-axis position sensor 65Z). If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step ST4, and if the determination is negative, the process proceeds to step ST5.

[0100] In step ST4, the control unit 5 controls the notification unit 69 to notify that the position error has exceeded the threshold. That is, the processing machine 1 issues an alarm. As will be understood from the description of the configuration of the notification unit 69, the alarm may be visual, audible, or both. For example, the notification unit 69 may display a predetermined image (a broad concept that includes text) on a display.

[0101] In step ST5, the control unit 5 determines whether or not the end instruction of step ST13 described above has been issued. If the determination is negative, the control unit 5 continues braking and rotation (returns to step ST2), and if the determination is positive, the control unit 5 proceeds to step ST6. Note that in step ST5, the control unit 5 may determine whether or not a preset end condition has been satisfied, rather than whether or not the instruction of step ST13 has been issued. Such an end condition may be, for example, the elapse of a predetermined time since the start of rotation.

[0102] In step ST6, the control unit 5 stops the rotation of the spindle motor 43 and stops the braking by the brake 39. Note that if step ST6 is executed via step ST4, this corresponds to a forced termination (abnormal termination) due to an excessive position error. Also, if step ST6 is executed via step ST5, this corresponds to a normal termination.

[0103] In step ST14, the operator performs work for balance adjustment (in the narrow sense) based on the measurement results shown in step ST24, for example, attaching the male screws 55, 57 and / or 61 at appropriate positions.

[0104] The above procedure may be performed in a state where the tool 101 is not attached, or may be performed in a state where the tool 101 is attached, or may be performed in the former state and then in the latter state. Furthermore, the above procedure may be repeated until the vibration is reduced to a desired level.

[0105] Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing details and / or variations of steps ST1, ST2, and ST5 in Fig. 6. According to the procedure shown in this figure, for example, the brake 39 is used during balance adjustment, and is not used at other times. For convenience, steps ST3, ST4, and ST6 are omitted from the figure. The control unit 5 may repeat this process at a predetermined interval.

[0106] In step ST31, the control unit 5 determines whether or not a setting (or, from another perspective, a change) has been made regarding the operation mode of the processing machine 1 by operating the operation unit 67. The operation mode includes an adjustment mode for adjusting the balance related to the spindle 37 and other modes (for example, a normal operation mode). If the determination is affirmative, the control unit 5 proceeds to step ST32, and if the determination is negative, the control unit 5 skips step ST32.

[0107] In step ST32, the control unit 5 sets (or, in another sense, changes) the operation mode in accordance with the operation performed in step ST31. This operation may be, for example, an operation of setting a flag or a similar operation within the computer. Furthermore, the image displayed on the notification unit 69 may change in accordance with the change in the operation mode.

[0108] In step ST33, the control unit 5 determines whether or not an instruction has been issued to rotate the main shaft 37. If the determination is affirmative, the control unit 5 proceeds to step ST34, and if the determination is negative, the control unit 5 skips the subsequent steps (steps ST34 to ST37) and ends the illustrated processing.

[0109] It should be noted that, in step ST31, when an adjustment mode for adjusting the balance related to the spindle 37 is set, steps ST31 to ST33 correspond to step ST1 in FIG. 6 (accepting a rotation instruction for adjustment). Unlike the example shown in the figure, steps ST31 and ST33 may be integrated. From another perspective, the operation for selecting the adjustment mode and the operation for issuing a rotation instruction may be integrated. For example, a switch (mechanical switch or software switch) for rotating the spindle 37 in the adjustment mode and a switch for rotating the spindle 37 in other modes may be provided separately, and the operation of the former may correspond to the operations related to steps ST31 and ST33. Then, step ST32 may be performed, and the process may proceed to step ST34.

[0110] In step ST34, the control unit 5 determines whether or not the currently set mode is an adjustment mode for adjusting the balance related to the spindle 37. If the determination is affirmative, the control unit 5 proceeds to step ST35, and if the determination is negative, the control unit 5 proceeds to step ST36.

[0111] Step ST35 corresponds to step ST2 in Fig. 6. That is, in step ST35, the control unit 5 activates the brake 39 and causes the spindle motor 43 to rotate.

[0112] In step ST36, the control unit 5 rotates the spindle motor 43 without activating the brake 39. In this case, the spindle 37 is rotated for a purpose other than balance adjustment, such as warming up the processing machine 1 or processing not based on an NC program.

[0113] In step ST37, the control unit 5 determines whether a predetermined termination condition is satisfied. The termination condition may be, for example, that a predetermined operation has been performed on the operating unit 67 and / or that a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of step ST35 or ST36. If the determination is negative, the control unit 5 continues the operation of the brake 39 and the rotation of the main shaft 37 (step ST35) or the rotation of the main shaft 37 (step ST36). For convenience of illustration, the arrow following the negative determination returns to the point immediately before step ST37, unlike in FIG. 6. If the determination is positive, the control unit 5 executes a process (not shown) to stop the operation of the brake 39 and the rotation of the main shaft 37 (step ST35) or the rotation of the main shaft 37 (step ST36), and then terminates the illustrated process.

[0114] If step ST35 is executed, step ST37 corresponds to step ST5 in Fig. 6. The subsequent actuation of brake 39 and stopping (not shown in Fig. 7) of rotation of spindle 37 (step ST35) corresponds to step ST6 in Fig. 6.

[0115] Steps ST31 and ST32 can be expressed as an operation of the control unit 5 to set the adjustment mode ON or OFF or to accept an input. As described above, the operations related to steps ST31 and ST33 may be integrated. In this case, an instruction to rotate in the adjustment mode may be considered as a type of instruction to turn the adjustment mode ON.

[0116] In the above explanation, steps ST11, ST31, ST33, etc. (such as accepting the adjustment mode ON) have been described as being performed by operating the operation unit 67. However, these steps may be performed by other methods. For example, the instructions to the control unit 5 of the processing machine 1 in these steps may be instructions from a computer connected to the control unit 5 via an appropriate network. Furthermore, the balance adjustment operation may be realized by an NC program, and the instructions in the above steps (for example, an instruction to turn the adjustment mode ON and an instruction to rotate the spindle 37) may be included in the NC program. However, even when an NC program is used, if the NC program is created by operating the operation unit 67 or by operating the operation unit of a computer connected to the control unit 5, this may be considered as an instruction being given by operating the operation unit.

[0117] (5. Summary of the First Embodiment) As described above, the processing machine 1 according to this embodiment includes the spindle 37, the spindle drive source (spindle motor 43), a moving unit (e.g., the Y-axis moving unit 31), a support unit (e.g., the Y-axis bed 29), a linear motor (e.g., the Y-axis motor 41Y), a brake 39 (e.g., the Y-axis brake 39Y), and the control unit 5. The spindle motor 43 rotates the spindle 37. The Y-axis moving unit 31 supports the spindle 37 and the spindle motor 43. The Y-axis bed 29 supports the Y-axis moving unit 31 so that it can move in a first direction (e.g., the Y direction). The Y-axis motor 41Y moves the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Y-axis bed 29 relative to each other in the Y direction. The Y-axis brake 39Y restricts the relative movement in the Y direction between the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Y-axis bed 29. The control unit 5 activates the Y-axis brake 39Y when adjusting the balance of the spindle 37 (steps ST2 and ST35). As an example, when the adjustment mode used to adjust the balance related to the spindle 37 is ON (when a positive judgment is made in step ST34), the control unit 5 activates the Y-axis brake 39Y when rotating the spindle 37 using the spindle motor 43.

[0118] From another perspective, the adjustment method according to the embodiment is a method for adjusting balance in the processing machine 1. The processing machine 1 has a main spindle 37, a main spindle drive source (main spindle motor 43), a moving unit (e.g., Y-axis moving unit 31), a support unit (e.g., Y-axis bed 29), a linear motor (e.g., Y-axis motor 41Y), and a brake 39 (e.g., Y-axis brake 39Y). The main spindle motor 43 rotates the main spindle 37. The Y-axis moving unit 31 supports the main spindle 37 and the main spindle motor 43. The Y-axis bed 29 supports the Y-axis moving unit 31 so that it can move in a first direction (e.g., the Y direction). The Y-axis motor 41Y moves the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Y-axis bed 29 relative to each other in the Y direction. The Y-axis brake 39Y restricts the relative movement in the Y direction between the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Y-axis bed 29. The adjustment method includes a detection step (step ST22), an adjustment step (step ST14), and a regulating step (steps ST2 and ST35). The detection step detects vibrations associated with the spindle 37 while the spindle 37 is rotating. The adjustment step adjusts the balance associated with the spindle 37 based on the vibrations detected in the detection step. The regulating step regulates relative movement in the Y direction between the Y-axis moving part 31 and the Y-axis bed 29 by the Y-axis brake 39Y while the detection step is being performed for the adjustment step.

[0119] Therefore, for example, as described in the overview of the embodiment, when the spindle 37 is rotated before sufficient balance adjustment is performed, the likelihood of vibrations increasing in the driving direction of the linear motor (e.g., the Y-axis motor 41Y) is reduced. As a result, for example, the likelihood of the operator being annoyed by an alarm (step ST4) or of vibrations being unable to be measured due to the forced stop of the spindle 37 (step ST6, which is performed after a positive determination in step ST3) is reduced. In an embodiment in which a linear motor is used as a drive unit for translating the spindle 37, positional accuracy can be improved compared to an embodiment in which a rotary electric motor, a ball screw mechanism, and a coupling are used as a drive unit, and thus machining accuracy can be improved. On the other hand, the number of spring elements connected to the spindle 37 is reduced, which tends to increase vibrations in the driving direction of the linear motor during balance adjustment. Activating the brake 39 adds a spring element connected to the spindle 37, reducing the likelihood of vibrations associated with the spindle 37 increasing. As a result, the processing machine 1 can achieve both improved processing accuracy and easier balance adjustment.

[0120] The processing machine 1 is supported by a moving part (for example, the Y-axis moving part 31), and may have a hydrostatic bearing (bearing 47) that rotatably supports the main shaft 37.

[0121] In this case, for example, since frictional resistance when rotating the spindle 37 around its axis is small, it is easy to control the rotational position of the spindle 37 with high precision and to rotate the spindle 37 at high speed. On the other hand, imbalance related to the spindle 37 is likely to increase vibration. In other words, the brake 39 effectively reduces vibration during balance adjustment. As a result, the effect of the processing machine 1, which is to achieve both the above-mentioned improvement in processing precision and the ease of balance adjustment, is improved.

[0122] The processing machine 1 may have a position sensor (e.g., Y-axis position sensor 65Y) that detects the position of the spindle 37 in a first direction (e.g., Y direction), and a notification unit 69 that notifies a user (e.g., an operator). When the position error of the spindle 37 based on the Y-axis position sensor 65Y exceeds a predetermined threshold (when a positive determination is made in step ST3), the control unit 5 may control the notification unit 69 to notify the user (step ST4).

[0123] Furthermore, the processing machine 1 may have a position sensor (e.g., Y-axis position sensor 65Y) that detects the position of the spindle 37 in a first direction (e.g., Y direction). If the position error of the spindle 37 based on the Y-axis position sensor 65Y while the spindle 37 is rotating exceeds a predetermined threshold (if a positive determination is made in step ST3), the control unit 5 may stop the rotation of the spindle 37 by the spindle drive source (spindle motor 43) (step ST6 via the positive determination in step ST3).

[0124] In these cases, as already mentioned, if the vibrations associated with the spindle during balance adjustment become too great, it can be irritating for the operator or it can become impossible to measure the vibrations. Therefore, the brake 39 is very effective.

[0125] Brake 39 (e.g., Y-axis brake 39Y) may have a first member (e.g., pad 51) and a second member (e.g., plate 49). Pad 51 may be supported by Y-axis moving section 31 so as to be immovable in a first direction (e.g., the Y direction) relative to the moving section (e.g., Y-axis moving section 31). Plate 49 may be supported by Y-axis bed 29 so as to be immovable in the Y direction relative to the support section (e.g., Y-axis bed 29). Y-axis brake 39Y may restrict movement of Y-axis moving section 31 and Y-axis bed 29 in the Y direction by contact between pad 51 and plate 49.

[0126] In this case, it is easier to reduce the likelihood that the vibration of the main shaft 37 will increase, compared to an embodiment in which the brake 39 is a fluid brake or an electric brake, for example.

[0127] Second Embodiment 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a processing machine 201 according to the second embodiment. This figure corresponds to FIG. 5 of the first embodiment.

[0128] In the description of the second embodiment, basically, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. Matters not specifically mentioned may be considered to be the same as those in the first embodiment or may be inferred from the description of the first embodiment.

[0129] The processing machine 201 is configured to be capable of automatic balance adjustment instead of or in addition to manual balance adjustment by a user. For example, the processing machine 201 has a vibration sensor 73 that measures vibrations associated with the spindle 37, and an adjustment unit 203 that adjusts the balance associated with the spindle 37. The control unit 5 controls the adjustment unit 203 based on the detection values ​​from the vibration sensor 73 (and other sensors such as the rotation sensor 63 as necessary), and adjusts the balance associated with the spindle 37.

[0130] The vibration sensor 73 is as described in the first embodiment. However, in the first embodiment, it is assumed that the vibration sensor 73 is detachable (although it does not necessarily have to be detachable). On the other hand, in this embodiment, the vibration sensor 73 does not necessarily have to be detachable (although it may be detachable).

[0131] The adjustment unit 203 may have various configurations, for example, it may be similar to a known configuration. As a specific example, although not particularly shown, the adjustment unit 203 has weights at multiple positions around the axis of the main shaft 37, and adjusts the balance by independently changing the radial positions of the multiple weights by the action of an electromagnet or the like.

[0132] The adjustment unit 203 as described above may be provided at any position on the spindle 37 or on a member fixed to the spindle 37. In the illustrated example, the adjustment unit 203 is provided on a device for attaching the tool 101 to the spindle 37.

[0133] In such a processing machine 201, the processing procedure executed by the control unit 5 may be, for example, in the flowcharts shown in Figures 6 and 7, in addition to the steps performed by the control unit 5, in which the control unit 5 performs some of the multiple steps that would otherwise be performed by the operator and measuring device 75.

[0134] For example, the instruction to start step ST11 in FIG. 6 may be an instruction to measure vibration and perform balance adjustment (in the narrow sense) based on the results of the measurement. If a positive determination is made in step ST1, the control unit 5 may proceed to step ST2 and, in parallel with this, determine, on behalf of the operator, whether a condition for starting vibration measurement (for example, whether the rotation speed of the spindle 37 has reached a target rotation speed) is met. If a positive determination is made, the control unit 5 may execute steps ST21 to ST23 (and ST24, if necessary) on behalf of the measuring device 75. Here, step ST5 and step ST23 may be integrated. If a measurement termination condition is met in step ST23 (step ST5), the control unit 5 may proceed to step ST6 and stop the operation of the brake 39 and the rotation of the spindle 37. Thereafter, the control unit 5 may perform the adjustment in step ST14 on behalf of the operator by controlling the adjustment unit 203.

[0135] 7 may be, similar to step ST1, reception of an operation (or input of an NC program) to instruct vibration measurement and balance adjustment (in the narrow sense) based on the results of the measurement. As described in the first embodiment, steps ST31 and ST33 may be integrated. When integrated, the operation to instruct vibration measurement and balance adjustment (in the narrow sense) based on the results of the measurement may be regarded as a type of operation to instruct ON of the adjustment mode.

[0136] Unlike the first embodiment, the balance adjustment by the adjustment unit 203 may be performed while the brake 39 is operating and the main shaft 37 is rotating. Also, while the brake 39 is operating and the main shaft 37 is rotating, the vibration measurement and the balance adjustment may be repeated.

[0137] In the first embodiment, depending on the operation, it is possible to rotate the spindle 37 with the brake 39 activated even when not adjusting the balance. From another perspective, it is not possible to determine from the configuration of the processing machine 1 alone whether vibration is measured by the vibration sensor 73 while the spindle 37 is rotating in the adjustment mode or whether balance adjustment (in the narrow sense) is performed after rotation in the adjustment mode. In the second embodiment, the processing machine 201 (controller 5) may be configured not to use (or not to use) the brake 39 in operations other than balance adjustment (in the broad sense). From another perspective, for example, the controller 5 may activate the brake 39 for vibration measurement, etc., only when an operation instructing balance adjustment by the adjustment unit 203 or an NC program corresponding to such operation is input. However, the processing machine 201 may be able to use the brake 39 in operations other than balance adjustment.

[0138] As described above, in the processing machine 201 of this embodiment, when the adjustment mode used to adjust the balance related to the spindle 37 is ON (when a positive determination is made in step ST34), the control unit 5 activates the Y-axis brake 39Y when rotating the spindle 37 by the spindle motor 43 (steps ST2 and ST35). Therefore, the same effects as in the first embodiment are achieved.

[0139] The processing machine 201 may have a vibration sensor 73 that detects vibrations of the spindle 37, and an adjustment unit 203 that adjusts the balance related to the spindle 37. When adjusting the balance related to the spindle 37 (for example, when the adjustment mode is ON), the control unit 5 may control the adjustment unit 203 based on the detection value of the vibration sensor 73 acquired while the brake 39 is operating and the spindle 37 is rotating.

[0140] In this case, for example, the possibility of an inconvenience occurring in which vibrations become large before adjustment is made by the adjustment unit 203, causing the rotation of the main shaft 37 to be forcibly stopped and making adjustment impossible, is reduced.

[0141] <Examples and Comparative Examples> 9(a) and 9(b) are diagrams showing an example of the change over time in the position error that occurs during balance adjustment.

[0142] In these figures, the horizontal axis represents time t (s). The vertical axis in Fig. 9(a) represents the position error Δy (nm) of Y-axis moving section 31 relative to Y-axis bed 29. The vertical axis in Fig. 9(b) represents the position error Δz (nm) of Z-axis moving section 33 relative to Y-axis moving section 31.

[0143] The line associated with "OFF" in the legend indicates the change over time in the position error in the comparative example. In the comparative example, the spindle 37 is rotated without operating the Y-axis brake 39Y and the Z-axis brake 39Z. On the other hand, the line associated with "ON" in the legend indicates the change over time in the position error in the example. In the example, the Y-axis brake 39Y and the Z-axis brake 39Z are operated to rotate the spindle 37.

[0144] In both the comparative example and the working example, rotation of the main shaft 37 begins at time t=10 seconds (indicated by an arrow). In the comparative example, the position error increases sharply at time t=approximately 20 seconds. As a result, rotation of the main shaft 37 is forcibly stopped in the comparative example. Due to the forcible stop, the position error becomes zero after time t=approximately 20 seconds. On the other hand, in the working example, the position error is reduced at time t=approximately 20 seconds compared to the comparative example. As a result, rotation of the main shaft 37 is not forcibly stopped.

[0145] In the above embodiment, the spindle motor 43 is an example of a spindle drive source. The combination of the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Y-axis bed 29 is an example of a moving unit and a support unit. The combination of the Y-axis moving unit 31 and the Z-axis moving unit 33 is also an example of a moving unit and a support unit. The Y direction and the Z direction are each an example of a first direction. The Y-axis motor 41Y and the Z-axis motor 41Z are each an example of a linear motor. The Y-axis brake 39Y and the Z-axis brake 39Z are each an example of a brake. The Y-axis position sensor 65Y and the Z-axis position sensor 65Z are examples of a position sensor. The pad 51 is an example of a first member. The plate 49 is an example of a second member.

[0146] The technology according to the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments and may be implemented in various forms.

[0147] For example, in the description of the embodiments, alarms and forced stops are cited as inconveniences caused by increased vibrations when the spindle is rotated for balance adjustment. However, the alarm and forced stop are not essential requirements for the processing machine according to the present disclosure. From another perspective, the effect of eliminating these inconveniences may not be achieved. Furthermore, if the vibrations generated when the spindle is rotated to measure vibrations that contribute to balance adjustment are reduced, for example, the need to perform balance adjustment (in the narrow sense) in advance before measuring the vibrations is reduced, thereby reducing the burden on the operator or control unit. Furthermore, for example, the likelihood of unexpected large vibrations placing a structural burden (load) on the processing machine is reduced.

[0148] In the first and second embodiments, the brake 39 is activated when the adjustment mode is ON. However, such a mode may not be provided, and the brake 39 and the spindle motor 43 may be operated separately so that the brake 39 is activated during balance adjustment. For example, the operation unit 67 may be provided with a switch (mechanical switch or software switch) for controlling the brake 39 and a switch for controlling the spindle motor 43, separately. The operator may then activate the brake 39 by operating the former switch, and then rotate the spindle motor 43 by operating the latter switch. Also, as described above, an NC program may be used. In this case, the NC program may include code for activating the brake and code for rotating the spindle. [Explanation of symbols]

[0149] 1...machine, 3...machine body, 5...control unit, 25...table, 37...spindle, 41Y...Y-axis motor (linear motor), 41Z...Z-axis motor (linear motor), 43...spindle motor (spindle drive source), 29...Y-axis bed (support part for Y-axis moving part), 31...Y-axis moving part (moving part for Y-axis bed, support part for Z-axis moving part), 33...Z-axis moving part (moving part for Y-axis moving part), 39...brake, 39Y...Y-axis brake (brake), 39Z...Z-axis brake (brake), 101...tool, 103...workpiece

Claims

1. The main axis and a spindle drive source that rotates the spindle; a moving section supporting the spindle and the spindle drive source; a support portion that supports the moving portion so that the moving portion is movable in a first direction; a linear motor that moves the moving portion and the support portion relative to each other in the first direction; a brake that restricts relative movement between the moving portion and the support portion in the first direction; a control unit that activates the brake when adjusting a balance of a weight that affects vibration caused by rotation of the main shaft; A processing machine having the above.

2. The moving part has a hydrostatic bearing that rotatably supports the main shaft. The processing machine according to claim 1 .

3. a position sensor that detects the position of the spindle in the first direction; a notification unit that notifies a user; It has The control unit controls the notification unit to notify the user when a position error of the spindle based on the position sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold. The processing machine according to claim 1 .

4. a position sensor for detecting the position of the spindle in the first direction; The control unit controls the spindle drive source to stop rotation of the spindle when a position error of the spindle based on the position sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold while the spindle is rotating. The processing machine according to claim 1 .

5. The brake a first member supported by the moving section so as to be unable to move in the first direction relative to the moving section; a second member supported by the support portion so as to be unable to move in the first direction relative to the support portion, The contact between the first member and the second member restricts movement of the moving portion and the supporting portion in the first direction. The processing machine according to claim 1 .

6. A main shaft, a spindle drive source that rotates the spindle; a moving section supporting the spindle and the spindle drive source; a support portion that supports the moving portion so that the moving portion is movable in a first direction; a linear motor that moves the moving portion and the support portion relative to each other in the first direction; a brake that restricts relative movement between the moving portion and the support portion in the first direction; a control unit that activates the brake when adjusting a balance related to the spindle; a vibration sensor for detecting vibrations associated with the spindle; an adjustment unit that adjusts the balance related to the spindle; It has When adjusting the balance related to the spindle, the control unit controls the adjustment unit based on the detection value of the vibration sensor acquired while the brake is operating and the spindle is rotating. processing machine.

7. A main shaft, a spindle drive source that rotates the spindle; a moving section supporting the spindle and the spindle drive source; a support portion that supports the moving portion so that the moving portion is movable in a first direction; a linear motor that moves the moving portion and the support portion relative to each other in the first direction; a brake that restricts relative movement between the moving portion and the support portion in the first direction; a control unit that activates the brake when adjusting a balance related to the spindle; It has When an adjustment mode used to adjust a balance related to the spindle is ON, the control unit activates the brake when the spindle is rotated by the spindle drive source. processing machine.

8. A method for adjusting balance in a processing machine, comprising: The processing machine is The main axis and a spindle drive source that rotates the spindle; a moving section supporting the spindle and the spindle drive source; a support portion that supports the moving portion so that the moving portion is movable in a first direction; a linear motor that moves the moving portion and the supporting portion relative to each other in the first direction; a brake that restricts relative movement between the moving portion and the support portion in the first direction, The adjustment method is a detection step of detecting vibrations associated with the spindle while the spindle is rotating; an adjusting step of adjusting a balance related to the spindle based on the vibration detected in the detecting step; a restricting step of restricting relative movement between the moving portion and the support portion in the first direction by the brake while the detecting step is being performed for the adjusting step; The adjustment method has the following characteristics.

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