Pest Monitoring Devices

Abstract

A pest monitoring device is disclosed. The pest monitoring device includes a housing, an optical sensor configured to generate optical data regarding an interior surface within the housing, and a processor in communication with the optical sensor. The processor is configured to receive optical data from the optical sensor and select optical data regarding at least one segment of the interior surface, the optical data regarding the at least one segment being organized as a plurality of pixels. The processor is further configured to evaluate whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface by counting the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels exhibiting a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value and determining whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below a predetermined intensity limit is equal to or greater than a predetermined pixel threshold. The processor is further configured to determine whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface based on whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface. A method for monitoring a pest trap is also disclosed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a pest monitoring device and a method for monitoring a pest trap. [Background technology]

[0002] Pest is a term used to describe nuisance animals or insects. Examples of pests may include rodents, flies, cockroaches, and bedbugs. In domestic and commercial environments, pests can be annoying, unsightly, and / or a health risk. It is often difficult to detect the presence of pests without directly encountering them. In addition, common pests such as fleas, cockroaches, and bedbugs are nocturnal, thereby reducing the chance of detection through close encounters. Therefore, it is known to set traps for the detection of various pests. These traps are activated to capture the pests, so that their presence upon inspection can indicate a pest infestation.

[0003] It is common for owners of residential and commercial environments to take measures to continually monitor their premises to identify pest problems. Larger commercial establishments, such as hotels, may wish to monitor for pests as a preventative measure, allowing them to detect potential infestations early to reduce the cost of eradicating them.

[0004] Often, multiple detection devices are installed due to the size of the property. Previous pest traps had to be checked manually for the presence of pests. This required at least one user to periodically check all of the traps on the property, which was time-consuming. Additionally, there was no way to know if the traps contained pests, so even empty traps had to be checked.

[0005] Therefore, it is common to use monitoring devices within pest traps to eliminate the need to check traps that are likely empty. However, constant monitoring of pest traps can be very power intensive. Therefore, monitoring devices often require the pest trap to be plugged into an electrical outlet to meet the high power requirements. This means that the trap cannot be placed in the optimal location to capture pests.

[0006] Alternatively, some devices may be battery powered, however the high power requirements mean that the batteries must be replaced periodically, which creates increased costs for the end user.

[0007] WO 2016 / 130182 discloses an automatic insect monitoring system that includes a housing, an internal chamber within the housing, and a light source disposed within the housing for illuminating at least a portion of a bottom surface of the internal chamber.

[0008] WO 2019 / 138242 discloses a system for detecting the presence of pests using a networked detection system including a camera system, in which reference data related to target pests is used to detect the presence of the pests, which can be power intensive (e.g., requiring high memory capabilities). Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pest monitoring device comprising a housing, a surface within the housing, an optical sensor configured to generate optical data relating to the interior surface within the housing, and a processor in communication with the optical sensor.

[0010] In one embodiment, the processor is configured to receive optical data from the optical sensor, select optical data for at least one segment of the interior surface, and organize the optical data for the at least one segment as a plurality of pixels or blocks of pixels. The processor may further evaluate whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface by: (1) counting the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels exhibiting a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value; (2) determining whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below the predetermined intensity limit is equal to or greater than a predetermined pixel threshold; and (3) determining whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface based on whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface. Suitably, the interior surface includes tacks or an adhesive substance for securing pests. Alternatively, the surface includes a pitfall trap.

[0011] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a pest trap comprising a device as described herein.

[0012] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit of parts for providing a pest monitoring device, the kit of parts comprising: a first housing having an internal surface for receiving a pest; a second housing having an internal surface for receiving a pest; and a housing configured such that the housing can be removably coupled to either the first housing or the second housing during use.

[0013] Suitably, the housing houses an optical sensor configured to generate optical data relating to an interior surface within the first housing or the second housing, and a processor in communication with the optical sensor, the processor configured to receive the optical data from the optical sensor and select optical data relating to at least one segment of the interior surface of the first housing or the second housing.

[0014] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for monitoring a pest trap, the method including: generating optical data related to an interior surface within a housing; selecting optical data related to at least one segment of the interior surface, wherein the optical data related to the at least one segment is organized as a plurality of pixels; evaluating whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface of the housing by counting a number of pixels among the plurality of pixels exhibiting a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value and determining whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below the predetermined intensity limit is equal to or greater than a predetermined pixel threshold; and determining whether a pest sign is present on the interior surface within the housing based on whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface.

[0015] Suitably the method of the fourth aspect of the invention is carried out using the device of the first aspect of the invention.

[0016] Certain aspects of the present invention provide the advantage of providing a pest monitoring device that has reduced processing requirements and therefore reduced power consumption compared to known systems, which in certain aspects allows for increased mobility of the pest monitoring device in that the device is not limited to a mains power connection or periodic battery changes (as a result of the reduced power consumption).

[0017] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1a-1b] 1a and 1b show plan views (perspective and exploded views) of an example pest monitoring device. [Figure 2] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example pest monitoring device. [Figure 3a-3b]3a and 3b show cross-sectional and plan views of an example pest monitoring device in use. [Figure 4] 1 shows a flow diagram for an exemplary method for monitoring pest traps. [Figure 5] 1 shows a flow diagram for another example method for monitoring pest traps. [Figure 6] 1 shows a flow diagram for another example method for monitoring pest traps. [Figure 7] 1 shows a flow diagram for another example method for monitoring pest traps. [Figure 7a] 1 shows a flow diagram for another example method for monitoring pest traps. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a pest monitoring device. [Figure 9a-9b] 9a and 9b show plan views of a further embodiment of a pest monitoring device. [Figure 10a-10b] 10a and 10b show plan views of a further embodiment of a pest monitoring device. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 shows a top view and a side view (perspective view), respectively, of an exemplary pest monitoring device. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows a top view and a side view (perspective view), respectively, of an exemplary pest monitoring device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] In the drawings, like reference numbers refer to like parts.

[0020] As used herein, the term "pest" is used to describe nuisance animals or insects. Examples of pests may include (but are not limited to) rodents, flies, fleas, cockroaches, and bedbugs.

[0021] As used herein, the term "housing" refers to a container having a substantially enclosed interior surface. For example, a housing can include a set of boundary walls that surround / define the interior surface (e.g., the bottom) therebetween.

[0022] As used herein, the terms "surface segment" or "internal surface segment" refer to a section or region of a surface. For example, a surface segment may refer to the field of view of a photosensor (or the field of view of a pixel of a multi-pixel photosensor) directed towards the surface.

[0023] As used herein, the term "block" refers to a discretized block or (sub)set of optical data relating to a surface or interior surface received from an optical sensor directed thereto. For example, the processor may be configured to discretize the received optical data relating to the surface into a plurality of discretized blocks or sets, each block including optical data corresponding to a separate segment of the surface, where the optical data relating to a segment of the surface may include a plurality of pixels.

[0024] As used herein, the term "predetermined condition associated with an interior surface" indicates that the predetermined condition relates to a property or state of the surface itself (or more specifically, a desired property or state of the surface without pests thereon) rather than to pests on the surface. For example, the predetermined condition may relate to a desired intensity of light reflected from the surface for a given ambient / illuminated light (e.g., the predetermined condition may relate to a number of pixels below a desired light intensity).

[0025] As used herein, a "signature of a pest on a surface" is not a positive conclusion that a pest is present on an interior surface, but rather an indication / assertion that a pest is present that is supported by conclusions drawn from corresponding optical data.

[0026] As used herein, a "monitoring component for operating a pest monitoring device" refers to a means for detecting pests within a pest monitoring device. For example, the means for detecting pests may include a processor, a light sensor, a power source, and an LED of the pest monitoring device.

[0027] According to the present invention, in a first aspect, there is provided a pest monitoring device including a housing, a surface within the housing, an optical sensor configured to generate optical data relating to the interior surface within the housing, and a processor in communication with the optical sensor.

[0028] Suitably, the processor is configured to discretize the received optical data into a plurality of discretized blocks, each discretized block comprising optical data corresponding to a distinct segment of the interior surface. Preferably, the processor is further configured to evaluate whether the optical data corresponding to the plurality of segments of the interior surface satisfy a predetermined condition.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the processor is configured to determine whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface within the housing by determining whether there are a plurality of adjacent segments, each having corresponding optical data that meets a predetermined condition, and determining whether the plurality of adjacent segments includes a number of segments equal to or greater than a predetermined segment threshold.

[0030] In another embodiment, the device includes a communication means configured to transmit information to an external receiver, and the processor is configured to instruct the communication means to transmit information to the external receiver when a pest signature is determined.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the transmitted information includes optical data corresponding to the segment of the interior surface where the pest signature was determined. The optical data may include an image of the surface being interrogated.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the processor is further configured to assign an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface.

[0033] In another embodiment, the processor is further configured to assign an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface only if the at least one segment was one of a plurality of adjacent segments for which the optical data satisfied the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface and for which a pest indication was determined to have been present on the interior surface.

[0034] In yet another embodiment, the processor is further configured to receive additional optical data from the optical sensor, select at least one segment of the interior surface for which the additional optical data, organized as a plurality of pixels, is generated by the optical sensor, and determine whether there is an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment has previously satisfied a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface. In this manner, it may be evaluated whether the additional optical data corresponding to the at least one segment of the interior surface satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface. In one embodiment, such evaluation is performed only if there is no indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment has previously satisfied a predetermined condition. After the evaluation is performed, it is determined from the evaluation whether there is an indication of a pest on the interior surface.

[0035] In one embodiment, the optical data includes light intensity.

[0036] In another embodiment, the device further includes a controller configured to switch the device between an active mode and a standby mode.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the optical sensor and processor are removably coupled to the housing. Preferably, the device further comprises a housing, the optical sensor and processor being at least partially contained within the housing, and the housing being removably coupled to the housing.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the device further comprises a battery as a power source.

[0039] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a pest trap comprising a device as described herein.

[0040] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit of parts for providing a pest monitoring device as described herein. In one embodiment, the optical data received by the processor in the kit is associated with at least one segment of an interior surface of a first or second housing of the kit, the at least one segment being organized as a plurality of pixels, and the processor evaluates whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface of the first or second housing by counting a number of pixels among the plurality of pixels exhibiting a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value and determining whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below a predetermined intensity limit is equal to or greater than a predetermined pixel threshold, and determines whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface of the first or second housing based on whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface of the first or second housing.

[0041] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of monitoring a pest trap. Suitably the method of the fourth aspect of the present invention is carried out using a device of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0042] In one embodiment, the method includes discretizing the optical data into a plurality of discretized blocks, each discretized block containing optical data corresponding to a distinct segment of the interior surface.

[0043] In another embodiment, evaluating whether the optical data corresponding to the plurality of segments of the interior surface meets a predetermined condition.

[0044] In a further embodiment, the step of determining from the evaluation whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface within the housing includes determining whether there are a plurality of adjacent segments, each having corresponding optical data that meets a predetermined condition, and determining whether the plurality of adjacent segments includes a number of segments equal to or greater than a predetermined segment threshold.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the method includes the step of transmitting information to an external receiver when a pest signature is determined.

[0046] Additionally, it is preferred that the transmitted information includes optical data corresponding to the segment in which the pest signature was determined. More preferably, an image of the surface is transmitted.

[0047] In one embodiment, the method also includes assigning an indication that the optical data corresponding to at least one segment meets a predetermined condition.

[0048] In a further embodiment, an indication that the optical data corresponding to at least one segment meets the predetermined condition is assigned only if the at least one segment is one of a plurality of adjacent segments whose optical data each meets the predetermined condition and which were determined to have a pest signature on their interior surface.

[0049] In another embodiment, the method includes generating further optical data regarding the interior surface; selecting at least one segment of the interior surface for which the further optical data is generated; determining whether there is an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment has previously satisfied a predetermined condition; evaluating whether the further optical data corresponding to the at least one segment of the interior surface satisfies the predetermined condition only if there is no indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment has previously satisfied the predetermined condition; and determining from the evaluation whether there is an indication of a pest on the interior surface within the housing.

[0050] In another embodiment, evaluating whether further optical data corresponding to at least one segment of the interior surface satisfies a predetermined condition, and transmitting the optical information to an external receiver only if there is an indication from the optical data that the number of segments that satisfy the predetermined condition is greater than the number of segments that previously satisfied the predetermined condition.

[0051] In a further embodiment, an indication that the optical data corresponding to at least one segment meets the predetermined condition is assigned only if the at least one segment is one of a plurality of adjacent segments whose optical data each meets the predetermined condition and which were determined to have a pest signature on their interior surface.

[0052] Figures 1a and 1b show an example of a pest monitoring device 100 according to the present disclosure. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the pest monitoring device 100. Figures 3a and 3b show the pest monitoring device 100 in use.

[0053] Pest monitoring device 100 includes a housing 102. An interior surface 104 is defined within housing 102 for receiving / laying pests thereon. Generally, interior surface 104 may be any surface contained within housing 102 (i.e., located within the boundary walls of housing 102). For example, interior surface 104 may form a portion of the bottom or wall of housing 102 (in this example, interior surface 104 is the bottom portion of housing 102). Interior surface 104 may be configured in any suitable manner; for example, interior surface 104 may be flat or curved / sloped (like a pit).

[0054] Housing 102 is configured to allow pest entry therein. Thus, pests can enter housing 102 and access interior surface 104. In this embodiment, housing 102 includes two inlets 116 located on opposite sides of housing 102 to allow pest entry from either side. Inlets 116 allow access to the interior of housing 102, and thereby to interior surface 104.

[0055] Inlet 116 may be configured in any suitable manner depending on the type of pest being monitored by pest monitoring device 100. Generally, a wider inlet (e.g., spanning substantially the width or length of housing 102) and tapering toward interior surface 104 may be used to maximize the likelihood of entry. However, narrower inlets may also be used. The path from inlet 116 to interior surface 104 may be configured in any suitable manner. For example, the path from inlet to interior surface 104 may be flat or may be sloped (upward or downward toward interior surface 104).

[0056] 3a and 3b, pest monitoring device 100 further includes a light sensor 106 configured to generate optical data related to interior surface 104 within housing 102. In this example, the optical data generated by light sensor 106 includes the intensity of light reflected from interior surface 104 toward the light sensor.

[0057] In this embodiment, the optical sensor 106 includes a camera arrangement directed toward the interior surface 104. In this embodiment, the camera arrangement includes a multi-pixel camera such that the optical data is organized as multiple pixels.

[0058] In this embodiment, pest monitoring device 100 further includes an illumination means configured to illuminate interior surface 104 and aid in generating optical data. In this embodiment, the illumination means is an LED 108. LED 108 may be configured to generate white light or light of a particular wavelength, such as 530 nm, while in other embodiments, pest monitoring device 100 may rely solely on ambient light.

[0059] In this example (best shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b), the interior surface 104 includes tacks or an adhesive substance or substrate 110 (e.g., a sticky pad or glue board) thereon for immobilizing pests. In one embodiment, for packaging and shipping purposes, the adhesive layer of the substrate 110 may be covered by a release paper. The release paper is removed before use to expose the adhesive layer so that pests can come into contact with the adhesive layer and become trapped. In another embodiment, the adhesive substrate 110 (sticky pad or glue board) is disposable. In this embodiment, the disposable glue board is replaced routinely to ensure continued efficacy of the pest monitoring device 100 and to dispose of any pests immobilized thereon. The adhesive substance or adhesive-coated substrate 110 may include an adhesive or adhesive component, for example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive including a water-based resin or a hot-melt adhesive. In some embodiments, the adhesive is, for example, an acrylic polymer, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitrile, silicone, styrene-type block copolymer, styrene-ethylene / propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and / or vinyl ether adhesive, or a mixture thereof.

[0060] In another embodiment, interior surface 104 includes a pitfall trap (not shown) for capturing pests instead of or in addition to substrate 110. The essential component of a pitfall trap is a container or depression with an interior wall that pests cannot dislodge. For example, a pest that falls into the trap cannot climb the interior wall and therefore cannot escape.

[0061] In this embodiment, the substrate 110 (and / or the pitfalls) are positioned in the field of view 111 of the optical sensor 106 to immobilize the pest in the appropriate location.

[0062] Pest monitoring device 100 further includes a processor 112 in communication with optical sensor 106. The processor is configured to receive optical data from optical sensor 106.

[0063] In this example, pest monitoring device 100 includes a power supply 114. In this example, a single power source is provided to all powered components (e.g., processor 112, light sensor 106, LED 108). In this example, the power source is a battery (e.g., AA batteries), eliminating reliance on a mains power source for pest monitoring device 100. Pest monitoring device 100 can thereby be placed in an optimal location for capturing pests, rather than just in a location that has access to a mains power source.

[0064] In this example, the "monitoring components" (e.g., light sensor 106, LED 108, processor 112, power supply 114) for operating pest monitoring device 100 are at least partially disposed / housed within a housing 120 that is coupled to, but separate from, housing 102. As best shown in FIG. 3a, housing 120 includes a gap or window 128 configured to allow access to housing 102 (e.g., light sensor 106 and LED 108 can view interior surface 104 through window 128).

[0065] 4, in typical use of pest monitoring device 100, optical sensor 106 generates optical data about the interior surface (step 1000). The optical data is passed to processor 112 (step 1002), which then analyzes the data (step 1004) and determines from the optical data whether there are any pest signatures on interior surface 104 (step 1006).

[0066] 5 illustrates a method of monitoring pests using pest monitoring device 100. Optical sensor 106 generates optical data related to the interior surface (step 2000). The optical data is passed to processor 112 (step 2002), which selects optical data related to a segment of the interior surface (step 2003). In this example, the optical data related to the segment includes a plurality of pixels. Processor 112 analyzes the optical data related to the segment (step 2004) and then determines from the analysis whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface (step 2006).

[0067] In some examples, processor 112 may determine whether there is a pest signature on an interior surface within the housing based on whether optical data corresponding to more than one segment meets a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface. That is, after analyzing the optical data for a first segment, processor 112 may select optical data for additional segments for analysis. This process may be repeated (e.g., as indicated by arrow 2100) (e.g., until optical data for all segments in the optical dataset / image has been analyzed) before making a determination regarding the possibility or signature of a pest on the interior surface.

[0068] In this embodiment, the processor 112 analyzes the optical data to evaluate whether the optical data corresponding to the segment (or each segment in turn) satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface.

[0069] In this example, the predetermined condition generally relates to the desired light intensity reflected from the surface when no pests are present. The reflected light may be ambient light or may be from LED 108 (see, for example, the light extending from LED 108 to surface 110, shown as a shaded pyramid in FIG. 11, or the shaded triangle in FIG. 12). In this example, the processor evaluates whether the predetermined condition is met by counting "dark" pixels (i.e., pixels that are darker than expected for an interior surface).

[0070] Specifically, processor 112 first counts the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels that exhibit a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value (i.e., an intensity value that corresponds to the desired intensity value without the presence of the pest), for example, about 10% of the maximum intensity.

[0071] Second, processor 112 determines whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below a predetermined intensity limit is greater than or equal to a predetermined pixel threshold, for example, about 80% of the total number of pixels in each block.

[0072] In an alternative embodiment, the processor evaluates whether a predetermined condition is met by counting "bright" pixels (i.e., pixels brighter than expected for an interior surface) for pests to harbor having light or reflective surfaces compared to the intended light intensity reflected from the surface when no pests are present.

[0073] In this embodiment, the processor 112 first counts the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels that exhibit a light intensity greater than a predetermined intensity value (i.e., an intensity value that corresponds to the desired intensity without the presence of pests), for example, about 90% of the maximum intensity.

[0074] Second, in an alternative embodiment, processor 112 determines whether the number of pixels having a light intensity greater than a predetermined intensity limit is equal to or greater than a predetermined pixel threshold, for example, about 20% of the total number of pixels in each block.

[0075] Based on whether the optical data corresponding to the segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface, processor 112 determines whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface (step 2006). Although the following description is provided with respect to a predetermined condition in which the light intensity falls below a predetermined intensity, it should be understood that similar steps may be detailed to apply to the alternative embodiment described above (i.e., the light intensity falls above the predetermined intensity).

[0076] In a general sense, if a predetermined condition is met by the optical data for a segment, the processor 112 may determine that a pest signature is present (conversely, if the predetermined condition is not met, the processor may determine that a pest signature is absent). However, in this example, the processor 112 determines whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface by first determining whether there are multiple adjacent segments, each having corresponding optical data that meets the predetermined condition, and then determining whether the multiple adjacent segments include a number of segments equal to or greater than a predetermined segment threshold. It should be understood that an appropriate block threshold for determining whether a pest signature is present may depend on the optical sensor's resolution (i.e., pixel size), field of view, and the pest being monitored. For example, for small pests, the block threshold may be approximately 4 blocks, and for large pests, the block threshold may be approximately 20 blocks.

[0077] The process of data generation, analysis, and judgment may be repeated periodically (see arrow 2200) to check for the arrival of additional pests.

[0078] Figure 6 shows an example implementation of the method of Figure 5. Initially, pest monitoring device 100 is turned on (step 1) and a pest enters housing 102. Optical data is generated (step 2000), from which the pest monitoring device determines, through detection of "dark" segments, that there is a pest signature on the interior surface (step 2006, with intermediate step 2004 not shown).

[0079] In this example, upon determining that a pest signature is present on the interior surface, information regarding the pest signature is transmitted to external receiver 126 (step 2009). In this example, pest monitoring device 100 includes communication means 124 configured to transmit information to external receiver 126. Processor 112 is configured to instruct communication means 124 to transmit information to external receiver 126 when a pest signature is determined.

[0080] The external receiver 126 may be configured to display the data for a user to visually inspect. The external receiver 126 may be a central receiving hub connected to multiple pest monitoring devices 100.

[0081] The transmitted information may include optical data corresponding to the segment in which the pest signature was determined. In other embodiments, the transmitted information may include all optical data (i.e., an image of the interior surface).

[0082] Any suitable communication means may be used. For example, the communication means may be configured to transmit information via WiFi, Bluetooth, or the like. In this embodiment, the communication means includes a ZigBee communication hub.

[0083] The process is repeated periodically (see arrow 2200) to check for the arrival of additional pests.

[0084] Figure 7 illustrates a method of monitoring pests using pest monitoring device 100, which generally corresponds to Figure 5. For the sake of brevity, the details of some of the corresponding steps will not be repeated.

[0085] In this embodiment, pest monitoring device 100 has a sleep or standby mode to minimize power consumption and facilitate better monitoring operations. That is, pest monitoring device 100 is configured to monitor only pests intermittently to conserve battery life. In this embodiment, the device further includes a controller 122 configured to switch pest monitoring device 100 between an active mode (for monitoring operations) and a standby mode.

[0086] Processor 112 is configured to periodically instruct controller 122 to "wake up" pest monitoring device 100, i.e., switch pest monitoring device 100 from standby mode to active mode (step 2999 of FIG. 7 or step 3999 of FIG. 7a). The period between monitoring operations may depend on the pest being monitored (e.g., more active pests may require more frequent monitoring) and / or the battery life of pest monitoring device 100 (e.g., a device with a longer battery life may allow more frequent monitoring, or less frequent monitoring may be used as the charge in the battery is depleted).

[0087] The optical sensor 106 generates optical data regarding the interior surface (step 3000). In this embodiment, the processor is configured to discretize the received optical data into a plurality of discretized blocks or sets (step 3001), each block containing optical data corresponding to a distinct segment of the interior surface. The number of blocks may be selected according to the pest being monitored (e.g., larger blocks may be used for larger pests).

[0088] Generally, the analysis of the internal surface results from analyzing all the blocks of data (although some blocks may be ignored, e.g., for surface segments containing corners or other redundant features). Following discretization of the optical data, a block of optical data is selected (step 3003). Steps 3003-3009 may be performed, for example, as described in embodiments 1 and 2 below.

[0089] Embodiment 1 Similar to the method of FIG. 5, and as further detailed in FIG. 7, processor 112 evaluates whether a predetermined condition is met by counting the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels that exhibit a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value (step 30041), and determining whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below the predetermined intensity limit is greater than or equal to a predetermined pixel threshold (step 30042).

[0090] In this embodiment, if the predetermined condition is met, the processor is further configured to assign an indication to the block that the predetermined condition is met, in this embodiment, the indication is assigned by marking the block as SET in the analysis matrix (step 3005).

[0091] The method repeats from step 3003 to process all of the analyzed blocks, and a corresponding analysis matrix is ​​compiled. When all of the blocks have been analyzed, the processor 112 determines from the analysis whether there are any pest signatures on the interior surface from the contents of the analysis matrix (step 3006). As described above, each block in the analysis matrix corresponds to optical data from a particular segment of the surface 104 that is being interrogated by the optical sensor 106. Thus, optical data from adjacent or neighboring segments of the surface 104 correspond to associated adjacent or neighboring blocks in the analysis matrix.

[0092] In this example (in a manner similar to that of the method of FIG. 5), determination of pest likelihood or signature takes into account the following: (1) Number (X 1 ) Identification of the number (X 1 ) is the number of blocks in the analysis matrix that (i) are marked as SET (i.e., from step 3005) and (ii) are neighbors / joined in the analysis matrix with one or more other SET blocks. (2)(X 1 ) with a predetermined block threshold "(B)" (i.e., also designated as the block threshold number) (see step 3006). For example, for small pests, the block threshold (B) may be approximately 4 SET blocks combined. For example, for large pests, the block threshold (B) may be approximately 20 SET blocks combined.

[0093] No pest signs on the interior surfaces (i.e., (X 1 If it is determined that (B)≦(A)), the analysis matrix is ​​cleared for future monitoring operations (step 3008).

[0094] There is a pest marking on the interior surface (104) (i.e., (X 1 If it is determined that (X )≧(B)), the optical data / image associated with such surface is transmitted to the external receiver 126 (step 3009). After transmission (or alternatively, before / simultaneously with transmission), (X 1) (i.e., blocks that (i) are marked as SET (step 3005) and (ii) are neighbors / joined in the analysis matrix with one or more other SET blocks) are added to an "ignore list." That is, in this embodiment, the indication that the predetermined condition has been met is maintained for a segment only if that segment was one of multiple neighboring segments that were determined to have had a pest signature on its interior surface. In other words, the processor is configured to assign an indication (as an "ignore list") that a particular block (correlated to the optical data received from the particular segment) contributed to the determination that a pest signature was present on its interior surface. The analysis matrix is ​​then cleared for future monitoring operations (step 3008).

[0095] In this embodiment, the pest monitoring device 100 is then sent to sleep and the above process is repeated.

[0096] In further monitoring operations, once a new block is selected, the processor determines whether there is an indication that the block previously met a predetermined condition (i.e., whether the block is on the ignore list - step 3007). If there is, the block is ignored and the processor attempts to select another block. If not, the monitoring operation continues with steps 30041, 30042, etc.

[0097] The indication that a block has previously met the predetermined condition may ultimately be used to avoid analyzing the block during further iterations of the method, thereby reducing power consumption. That is, the processor may analyze only optical data relating to blocks for which the pest indication has not been determined. This is particularly useful when pests move slowly or remain nearly stationary on an interior surface, for example, as a result of being immobilized on a tack or sticky substance.

[0098] Embodiment 2 Similar to the method of FIG. 5, as further detailed in FIG. 7a, processor 112 evaluates whether a predetermined condition is met by counting the number of pixels among a plurality of pixels exhibiting a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value (step 40041) and determining whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below the predetermined intensity limit is equal to or greater than a predetermined pixel threshold (step 40042). Furthermore, a classical edge detection algorithm is used to improve the robustness of the system. Thereby, the difference in intensity between neighboring pixels is assessed, and if the change is large enough, it is deemed to be an edge. In each row of the image block (see, for example, the diagram shown in graph 4020), only pixels (4025) that are not only below the predetermined intensity limit but also within a sequence bounded by a downward-facing edge (a sufficiently steep light-to-dark transition) at their left (L) edge and an upward-facing edge (a sufficiently steep dark-to-light transition) at their right (R) edge are counted.

[0099] In this embodiment, the determination of whether the change in intensity is large enough to constitute an edge is determined using a difference limit. The strength limit is determined by this formula. Intensity limit = (minimum intensity in that block) + intensity ratio × (maximum intensity in that block) - (minimum intensity in that block) The difference limit is determined by the following formula: Difference Limit = Difference Ratio x (Maximum Intensity in that Block) - (Minimum Intensity in that Block)

[0100] In this embodiment, if the predetermined condition is met, the processor is further configured to assign an indication to the block that the predetermined condition is met, in this embodiment, the indication is assigned by marking the block as SET in the analysis matrix (step 4005).

[0101] The method repeats from step 4003 to process all of the blocks to be analyzed, and a corresponding analysis matrix is ​​compiled. When all of the blocks have been analyzed, the processor 112 determines from the analysis whether there are any pest signatures on the interior surface from the contents of the analysis matrix (step 4006). As described above, each block in the analysis matrix corresponds to optical data from a particular segment of the surface 104 that is being interrogated by the optical sensor 106. Thus, optical data from adjacent or neighboring segments of the surface 104 correspond to adjacent or neighboring blocks that are combined in the analysis matrix.

[0102] In this example (in a manner similar to that of the method of FIG. 5), determination of pest likelihood or signature takes into account the following: (1) Number (X 1 ) Identification of the number (X 1 ) is the number of blocks in the analysis matrix that (i) are marked as SET (i.e., from step 4005) and (ii) are neighbors / joined in the analysis matrix with one or more other SET blocks. (2)(X 1 ) with a predetermined block threshold "(B)" (i.e., also designated as the block threshold number) (see step 4006). For example, for small pests, the block threshold (B) may be approximately 4 SET blocks combined. For example, for large pests, the block threshold (B) may be approximately 20 SET blocks combined.

[0103] No pest signs on the interior surfaces (i.e., (X 1 If it is determined that (B)≦(A)), the analysis matrix is ​​cleared for future monitoring operations (step 4008).

[0104] There is a pest marking on the interior surface (104) (i.e., (X 1If it is determined that (X )≧(B), the optical data / image associated with such surface is transmitted to the external receiver 126 (step 4009). After transmission (or alternatively, before / simultaneously with transmission), (X 1 ) (i.e., blocks that (i) are marked as SET (step 4005) and (ii) are neighbors / joined in the analysis matrix with one or more other SET blocks) are added to an "ignore list." That is, in this embodiment, the indication that the predetermined condition has been met is maintained for a segment only if that segment was one of multiple neighboring segments that were determined to have had a pest signature on its interior surface. In other words, the processor is configured to assign an indication (as an "ignore list") that a particular block (correlated to the optical data received from the particular segment) contributed to the determination that a pest signature was present on its interior surface. The analysis matrix is ​​then cleared for future monitoring operations (step 4008).

[0105] In this embodiment, the pest monitoring device 100 is then sent to sleep and the above process is repeated.

[0106] In further monitoring operations, once a new block is selected, the processor determines whether there is an indication that the block previously met a predetermined condition (i.e., whether the block is on the ignore list - step 4007). If there is, the block is ignored and the processor attempts to select another block. If not, the monitoring operation continues with steps 40041, 40042, etc.

[0107] The indication that a block has previously met the predetermined condition may ultimately be used to avoid analyzing the block during further iterations of the method, thereby reducing power consumption. That is, the processor may analyze only optical data relating to blocks for which the pest indication has not been determined. This is particularly useful when pests move slowly or remain nearly stationary on an interior surface, for example, as a result of being immobilized on a tack or sticky substance.

[0108] Embodiment 3 In an alternative embodiment, steps (3003) through (3009) of FIG. 7 or steps (4003) through (4009) of FIG. 7a are followed as shown in embodiments 1-2 (above) but without the "ignore list". More specifically, (X 1 Instead of adding to the "ignore list" the specific blocks used to identify (X 1 ) and increment the pest instance threshold (Y). For example, steps (3003) to (3009) in embodiment 1 (i.e., (X 1 If (B)>(C) or if the first pest is detected following steps (4003)-(4009) of embodiment 2, the pest instance threshold (Y) is increased from 0 (no pests present) to 1 (one pest present).

[0109] In this embodiment, the subsequent monitoring operation is 2 ) as the number of neighboring blocks that are SET in the analysis matrix (i.e., (X 2 ) ≧ (B)), (X 2 ) is (X 1 ) (the number of SET blocks from the previous monitoring operation). 2Even if the SET blocks correspond to adjacent or neighboring segments of the surface (104) at a different location than the segment of the previous monitoring operation, the presence of one pest is still indicated because in this case the determination of the pest is based on the total number of neighboring SET blocks, which is not necessarily tied to their location. Thus, the pest instance threshold (Y) remains the same (i.e., one pest is present) even if the pest moves to a different location on the surface (104). Therefore, there is no need to retransmit the optical data / images associated with such surfaces to the external receiver 126 (step 3009) / (step 4009).

[0110] The dynamic pest instance threshold approach of embodiment 3 is particularly useful when pests are moving or do not remain substantially stationary on an interior surface, for example, as a result of being trapped in a pitfall or moving to different positions on the surface.

[0111] In one embodiment, a pest assessment in embodiment 3 is performed if the additional optical data corresponding to at least one segment of the interior surface satisfies a predetermined condition, such as a threshold number of blocks. The number of segments (e.g., (X 2 )) is the number of segments that previously met a given condition (e.g., (X 1 The optical information is transmitted to an external receiver only if there is an indication from the optical data that the signal is greater than .

[0112] advantage The above-described embodiments provide the advantage that the pest monitoring device monitors pests in a simpler and less power intensive manner than previously known devices.

[0113] For example, the evaluation of the optical data uses predetermined conditions that help reduce memory requirements and associated power consumption compared to known evaluation methods (e.g., evaluation based on previously generated optical data, etc.) Additionally, the predetermined conditions are associated with the interior surface (e.g., rather than associated with the target pest, which would result in more complex and memory-intensive storage of pest-related data).

[0114] Typically, the predetermined condition relates to the number of counted pixels having a light intensity below a predetermined intensity value, rather than the more complex image processing techniques used in other systems (e.g., Haar cascades, kernel filtering, image descriptor methods, and feature transformations), in which less power-intensive inherent image processing is utilized.

[0115] Modification Various modifications to the detailed designs described above are possible. For example, the pest monitoring device described above may form part of a pest trap for capturing pests (in addition to simply monitoring pests).

[0116] In some embodiments, the processor may preprocess the optical data before analysis. For example, the processor may remove (or add to an ignore list) blocks of optical data that correspond to redundant regions of the surface (e.g., corners).

[0117] It should be understood that the construction and configuration of the pest monitoring device may vary from that described above. Figures 8-10b show variations of pest monitoring device 100.

[0118] For example, the housing of a pest monitoring device may have any suitable number of inlets configured in any suitable manner. As an exemplary embodiment, FIG. 8 shows pest monitoring device 200 including housing 202 with three inlets 2161-2163. In this example, the inlets are all of different configurations. Specifically, housing 202 includes flat inlet 2161 and sloped inlet 2162 (i.e., sloped upward from ground surface to the interior surface). Housing 202 further includes a covered slot inlet, or pitfall trap inlet 2163, elevated above the interior surface so that once pests pass through trap inlet 2163, they can be trapped inside the housing (or at least prevented from exiting through the same inlet). Other examples may include one or more of any of the illustrated inlet types.

[0119] The battery may be located in any suitable location. As an example, Figures 9a and 9b show pest monitoring devices 300 and 400, respectively. In pest monitoring device 300, battery 314 is located at the top of the pest monitoring device (e.g., within the housing, adjacent to the "monitoring components"). In pest monitoring device 400, battery 414 is located at the bottom of the pest monitoring device (e.g., within or adjacent to the housing, including the interior surface). As a result, pest monitoring device 400 has a lower profile compared to pest monitoring device 300.

[0120] The pest monitoring device may be of any suitable size / shape depending on the pest being monitored and / or the space in which the device is intended to be used. Figures 10a and 10b show pest monitoring devices 500 and 600, respectively, of different sizes and shapes. Pest monitoring device 500 has a smaller footprint compared to those of the previous examples (e.g., for monitoring smaller pests). Pest monitoring device 600 has a narrower profile (e.g., for placement in tight spaces).

[0121] In other embodiments, the pest monitoring device 100 may include pheromones, chemical attractants (CO2), or other odorous substances found attractive by pests.

[0122] In some embodiments, there may be no tacks or adhesive on the interior surface to secure the pests, and in such embodiments, the pests may move during monitoring operations.

[0123] In some embodiments, reflected light data may be received by the light sensor via a mirror located within the housing / enclosure. That is, the mirror may be positioned to reflect light from the interior surface toward the light sensor. Thus, the light sensor does not need to be located near or directly on the interior surface. This allows flexibility in the placement of components within the pest monitoring device.

[0124] In the embodiments described above, the monitoring components are located in an enclosure separate from the housing, however, in other embodiments the housing may be contained within or integral with the housing.

[0125] In some embodiments, the monitoring components may be removably coupled to the housing. In some embodiments, this is as a result of the enclosure (which houses the monitoring components) being removably coupled to the housing. This allows the monitoring components to be used "modularly" with separate housings. That is, the monitoring components may be provided with one or more housings as part of a modular system. The monitoring components may then be used with any one of the one or more housings, depending on the intended use of the arrangement (e.g., the pests to be detected and / or the intended location of the pest monitoring device).

[0126] In other words, the kit of parts may include two or more housings, each having an interior surface for receiving pests thereon and the enclosure described above (or simply a means for detecting pests on the interior surface of the housing). The enclosures are configured so that they can be removably coupled to either / each of the housings during use. For example, the kit of parts may include a first housing sized and configured to monitor / capture a first size of pest (e.g., cockroaches) and a second housing sized and configured to monitor / capture a second size of pest (e.g., bedbugs). For example, a larger housing may be required when monitoring larger pests (i.e., the optical sensor may need to be further away from the interior surface).

[0127] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features described in connection with any of the above-described embodiments may be interchangeably applied between different embodiments. For example, the method steps presented in the flow diagrams of Figures 4-7 may be interchangeably combined or used in any suitable manner. The above-described embodiments are examples intended to illustrate various features of the invention.

[0128] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprise" and "include," and variations thereof, mean "including but not limited to," and they are not intended to exclude (and do not exclude) other moieties, additives, components, integers, or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context requires otherwise. In particular, when the indefinite article is used, the specification should be understood as contemplating the plural as well as the singular, unless the context requires otherwise.

[0129] It should be understood that any feature, integer, property, ingredient, chemical moiety, or chemical group described in connection with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example of the invention is applicable to any other aspect, embodiment, or example described herein to the extent that it is not inconsistent with that other aspect, embodiment, or example. All features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) and / or all steps of any method or process so disclosed may be combined in any combination, except combinations in which at least some of such features and / or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not limited to the details of any foregoing embodiment. The invention extends to any novel or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings), or any novel or any novel combination of steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims

1. 1. A pest monitoring device comprising: Housing and an optical sensor configured to generate optical data regarding an interior surface within the housing; a processor in communication with the optical sensor, the processor comprising: receiving optical data from the optical sensor; selecting optical data for at least one segment of the interior surface, the optical data for the at least one segment being organized as a plurality of pixels; determining whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface; counting the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels that exhibit a light intensity less than a predetermined intensity value; determining whether the number of pixels having a light intensity below the predetermined intensity limit is greater than or equal to a predetermined pixel threshold; Evaluated by determining whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface based on whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface; the processor configured to Equipped with the processor is configured to evaluate whether the optical data corresponding to a plurality of segments of the interior surface satisfy a predetermined condition; the processor determining whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface within the housing; determining whether there are a plurality of adjacent segments each having corresponding optical data that meets the predetermined condition; determining whether the plurality of adjacent segments includes a number of segments equal to or greater than a predetermined segment threshold; The system is configured to determine the the processor is further configured to assign an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface; and only if the at least one segment is one of the plurality of adjacent segments for which the optical data satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface and for which a pest signature was determined to be present on the interior surface; The device, wherein the processor is further configured to assign the indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to discretize the received optical data into a plurality of discretized blocks, each discretized block containing optical data corresponding to a distinct segment of the interior surface.

3. the device further comprising communication means configured to transmit information to an external receiver; 3. The device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the processor is configured to instruct the communication means to transmit information to the external receiver when a pest signature is determined.

4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the transmitted information includes the optical data corresponding to the segment of the interior surface where a pest signature was determined.

5. the processor: receiving further optical data from the optical sensor; selecting at least one segment of the interior surface for which further optical data organized as a plurality of pixels is generated by the optical sensor; determining whether there is an indication that optical data corresponding to the at least one segment previously satisfied the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface; evaluating whether the further optical data corresponding to the at least one segment of the interior surface satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface only if there is no indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment previously satisfied the predetermined condition; determining from said evaluation whether there is a pest signature on said interior surface; The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further configured to:

6. The device of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical data comprises light intensity.

7. The device of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the device further comprises a controller configured to switch the device between an active mode and a standby mode.

8. The device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the light sensor and the processor are removably coupled to the housing.

9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the pest monitoring device further comprises a housing, the optical sensor and the processor being at least partially contained within the housing, and the housing being removably coupled to the housing.

10. The device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the device further comprises a battery as a power source.

11. A device according to any preceding claim, wherein the interior surface comprises tacks or an adhesive substance for immobilising pests.

12. A pest trap comprising a device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. 1. A kit of parts for providing a pest monitoring device, comprising: a first housing having an interior surface for bearing pests; a second housing having an interior surface for bearing pests; a housing configured to be removably coupled to either the first housing or the second housing during use; The housing is an optical sensor configured to generate optical data related to an interior surface within the first housing or the second housing; and a processor in communication with the optical sensor, the processor comprising: receiving optical data from the optical sensor; selecting optical data for at least one segment of the interior surface of the first housing or the second housing, the optical data for the at least one segment being organized as a plurality of pixels; determining whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface of the first housing or the second housing; counting the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels that exhibit a light intensity less than a predetermined intensity value; and evaluating the number of pixels having a light intensity below the predetermined intensity limit by determining whether the number of pixels is greater than or equal to a predetermined pixel threshold; determining whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface of the first housing or the second housing based on whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface of the first housing or the second housing; the housing containing the processor configured to Including, the processor is configured to evaluate whether the optical data corresponding to a plurality of segments of the interior surface satisfy a predetermined condition; the processor determining whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface within the housing; determining whether there are a plurality of adjacent segments each having corresponding optical data that meets the predetermined condition; determining whether the plurality of adjacent segments includes a number of segments equal to or greater than a predetermined segment threshold; The system is configured to determine the the processor is further configured to assign an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface; and only if the at least one segment is one of the plurality of adjacent segments for which the optical data satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface and for which a pest signature was determined to be present on the interior surface; The kit of parts, wherein the processor is further configured to assign the indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface.

14. A method of monitoring a pest trap using the pest monitoring device of claim 1, said method comprising: generating optical data relating to an interior surface within the housing; selecting optical data for at least one segment of the interior surface, the optical data for the at least one segment being organized as a plurality of pixels; determining whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies a predetermined condition associated with the interior surface of the housing; counting the number of pixels among the plurality of pixels that exhibit a light intensity less than a predetermined intensity value; and determining whether a number of pixels having a light intensity below the predetermined intensity limit is greater than or equal to a predetermined pixel threshold; and determining whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface within the housing based on whether the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition associated with the interior surface; and A method comprising:

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising discretizing the optical data into a plurality of discretized blocks, each discretized block containing optical data corresponding to a distinct segment of the interior surface.

16. The method of claim 14 or 15, further comprising evaluating whether the optical data corresponding to a plurality of segments of the interior surface satisfy a predetermined condition.

17. determining from the evaluation whether a pest signature is present on the interior surface within the housing, determining whether there are a plurality of adjacent segments each having corresponding optical data that meets the predetermined condition; determining whether the plurality of adjacent segments includes a number of segments equal to or greater than a predetermined segment threshold; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

18. The method of any one of claims 14 to 17, further comprising the step of transmitting information to an external receiver if a pest signature is determined.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the transmitted information includes the optical data corresponding to the segment in which a pest signature was determined.

20. The method of any one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising the step of assigning an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment meets the predetermined condition.

21. 21. The method of claim 20 dependent on claim 17, wherein an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment satisfies the predetermined condition is assigned only if the at least one segment is one of the plurality of adjacent segments for which the optical data each satisfies the predetermined condition and for which it was determined that a pest signature was present on the interior surface.

22. generating further optical data relating to the interior surface; selecting at least one segment of the interior surface from which further optical data is generated; determining whether there is an indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment previously satisfied the predetermined condition; evaluating whether the further optical data corresponding to the at least one segment of the interior surface satisfies the predetermined condition only if there is no indication that the optical data corresponding to the at least one segment previously satisfied the predetermined condition; determining from said evaluation whether a pest signature is present on said interior surface within said housing; 22. The method of claim 20 or 21, further comprising:

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