Ammonia decomposition reactor with ammonia gas preheating function

Abstract

The present invention is an ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia preheating function. The reactor comprises a heat exchanger main body and a reactor main body, and the heat exchanger main body is coated on the outside of the reactor main body. The heat exchange tubes on the heat exchanger main body are installed in the heat exchange housing, one end communicates with the ammonia heat exchange inlet, the other end communicates with the ammonia heat exchange outlet, and the heat medium inlet and the heat medium inlet / outlet on the heat exchanger main body communicate with the heat exchange housing respectively. The catalyst tubes on the reactor main body are arranged in the reaction housing, the ammonia heat exchange outlet on the heat exchanger main body communicates with the ammonia inlet on the reactor main body, and the ammonia gas inlet and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet communicate with each other through the catalyst tubes. The ammonia decomposition gas outlet communicates with the heat medium inlet on the heat exchanger main body. According to the present invention, the structure is compact, the high-temperature gas of the ammonia decomposition gas in the reactor is used as the heat medium of the heat exchanger to supply heat to the ammonia for preheating, so that the ammonia entering the reactor is in a high-temperature state, and the ammonia decomposition reaction in the reactor becomes more sufficient.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of reactors, and more particularly to an ammonia decomposition reactor with ammonia gas preheating function. [Background technology]

[0002] A reactor is a device that realizes a reaction process and is widely used in fields such as chemical industry, petroleum refining, and metallurgy. Reactors can be used to realize single-phase liquid reaction processes and multi-phase reaction processes such as liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid. In an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system, the reactor is an important device for ammonia decomposition. Due to insufficient heat supply during the reaction process, the decomposition level of ammonia gas is not high. If ammonia gas can be preheated, the decomposition level of ammonia gas can be significantly improved. At present, all methods for preheating ammonia gas add an independent heat exchanger to the system, but the heat exchanger has a large volume, which is disadvantageous for the integration of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] In order to solve the problems of the low ammonia gas decomposition reaction rate in the prior art ammonia decomposition reactor and the large structure of the preheat exchanger, which affects the integration of the entire system, the present invention provides an ammonia decomposition reactor with an ammonia gas preheating function. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The present invention uses the following technical solutions:

[0005] An ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function, A heat exchanger body and a reactor body, the heat exchanger body being covered on the outside of the reactor body, the heat exchanger body comprises a heat exchange housing, a heat exchange tube, an ammonia gas heat exchange inlet, an ammonia gas heat exchange outlet, a heat medium inlet, and a heat medium outlet, the heat exchange tube being provided in the heat exchange housing, one end of the heat exchange tube being connected to the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet and the other end of the heat exchange tube being connected to the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet, the heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet being connected to the heat exchange housing, The reactor body comprises a reaction housing, a catalyst tube, an ammonia gas inlet, and an ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet, the catalyst tube being provided within the reaction housing, the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet communicating with the ammonia gas inlet, the ammonia gas inlet and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet communicating with the heat transfer medium inlet.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat exchanger body has an annular structure in which two identical fan-shaped semicircular heat exchangers are combined, and the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet is divided by a pipeline and then communicates with the heat exchange tubes in the fan-shaped semicircular heat exchangers on both sides, and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlets in the fan-shaped semicircular heat exchangers on both sides are collected through a pipeline and then connected to the ammonia gas inlet.

[0007] A plurality of the heat exchange tubes are provided within the heat exchanger body, and the heat exchange tubes are uniformly arranged within the heat exchanger body along the circumferential direction thereof.

[0008] Heat exchange tube plates are provided on both ends of the heat exchange housing, and holes are formed in the heat exchange tube plates evenly along the circumferential direction thereof, and both ends of the heat exchange tubes pass through the holes in the heat exchange tube plates and communicate with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet and ammonia gas heat exchange outlet, respectively.

[0009] The ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet is connected to the heat medium inlet through a pipe, and then splits into two flows entering the heat exchange housings on both sides.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of the catalyst tubes are provided in the reactor body, and the catalyst tubes are filled with a catalyst for the ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0011] Preferably, a catalyst tube plate is provided at each end of the reaction housing, and four holes are evenly formed in the catalyst tube plate along its circumferential direction. Four catalyst tubes are provided in the reaction housing, and both ends of the catalyst tubes are fixedly installed by passing through the openings in the catalyst tube plate.

[0012] A heat source gas inlet communicating with the reaction housing is provided on one end side wall of the reaction housing, and a heat source gas outlet is installed diagonally opposite the other end of the reaction housing, and the heat source gas inlet and the heat source gas outlet extend outside the heat exchange housing via a connecting pipe line.

[0013] The pipe diameter of the heat source gas inlet is larger than the pipe diameter of the heat source gas outlet.

[0014] A screen for preventing leakage of the catalyst is provided on each end of the catalyst tube, and the mesh size of the screen is 80 mesh to 120 mesh. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] A. The present invention provides an ammonia decomposition reactor with ammonia gas preheating function, which has a compact structure. The high-temperature gas produced by the decomposition of ammonia gas in the reactor is used as the heat medium of the heat exchanger to supply heat to the ammonia gas for preheating, so that the ammonia gas entering the reactor is in a high-temperature state, and thus the ammonia decomposition reaction carried out in the reactor is more efficient.

[0017] B. Unlike conventional equipment, the reactor with a heat exchanger integrated into it is structurally compact and utilizes space more rationally. The heat exchanger is enclosed in the reactor housing, and the reactor can provide the heat source for the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger itself can also be regarded as the reactor's heat insulation layer, effectively guaranteeing the temperature conditions within the reactor and avoiding the problems of heat loss in the system and insufficient reaction process. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] In the following, in order to more clearly explain the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific embodiments will be briefly described. The accompanying drawings in the following description are part of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative efforts.

[0019] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function according to the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchanger body according to the present invention. FIG. [Figure 3] 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange tubes and external connecting tubes inside the heat exchanger body of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a reactor body in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings, and the described embodiments are obviously only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and all other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an ammonia decomposition reactor with an ammonia gas preheating function, which comprises a heat exchanger body 1 and a reactor body 2, and the heat exchanger body 1 is covered on the outside of the reactor body 2. The heat exchanger body 1 comprises a heat exchange housing 11, a heat exchange tube 12, an ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13, an ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14, a heat transfer medium inlet 15, and a heat transfer medium outlet 16. The heat exchange tube 12 is installed in the heat exchange housing 11, with one end communicating with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13 and the other end communicating with the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14, and the heat transfer medium inlet 15 and the heat transfer medium outlet 16 each communicating with the heat exchange housing 11. The reactor body 2 comprises a reaction housing 21, a catalyst tube 22, an ammonia gas inlet 23, and an ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24, the catalyst tube 22 is installed in the reaction housing 21, the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14 is connected to the ammonia gas inlet 23, the ammonia gas inlet 23 and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24 are connected via the catalyst tube 22, and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24 is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet 15. In the present invention, ammonia gas enters the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13, and the ammonia gas is heat exchanged with the tube side of the heat exchanger, and the ammonia gas after heat exchange in the heat exchanger passes from the heat exchange outlet 14 to the ammonia gas inlet 23 of the reactor, and the heat transfer medium inlet 15 of the heat exchanger is connected to the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 24, and the high-temperature ammonia gas decomposition gas (hydrogen-nitrogen gas) enters the heat exchanger housing through the heat exchanger heat transfer medium inlet 15, provides heat to the ammonia gas in the tube side, and performs heat exchange. The high-temperature ammonia gas decomposition gas is used as the heat source for the heat exchanger, which improves the heat exchange rate of the entire system and reduces the heat loss of the system. The ammonia gas preheated by the heat exchanger enters the reactor to carry out the ammonia decomposition reaction, resulting in a higher reaction degree.

[0022] 2 and 3, the heat exchanger body 1 has an annular structure made up of two identical semicircular sector heat exchangers, with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13 being divided by a pipe and then connected to the heat exchange tubes 12 in the semicircular sector heat exchangers on both sides, and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlets 14 on the semicircular sector heat exchangers on both sides being collected by a pipe and then connected to the ammonia gas inlet 23. A plurality of heat exchange tubes 12 are provided within the heat exchanger body 1, and the heat exchange tubes 12 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction within the heat exchanger body 1. Heat exchange tube plates 111 are provided at both ends of the heat exchange housing 11, and holes are evenly opened in the heat exchange tube plates 111 along the circumferential direction, with both ends of the heat exchange tubes 12 communicating with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet 13 and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14 through the openings in the heat exchange tube plates 111. The ammonia gas cracked gas outlet 24 is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet 15 via a pipe and then branches off to enter the heat exchange housings 11 on both sides. The heat transfer medium outlets 16 on the outside of the two heat exchange housings 11 are connected via a curved pipe 18 and merge into the product combined outlet 17. Ammonia gas is introduced through the ammonia heat exchange inlet 13, then branches off through a pipe into the heat exchange tubes 12 inside the heat exchangers on both sides, and then collected through a pipe on the other side of the heat exchanger before reaching the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 14. The high-temperature ammonia gas cracked gas that has passed through the reactor is introduced through the heat exchanger heat transfer medium inlet 15 and flows into the heat exchange housings 11 of the heat exchangers on both sides via a pipe, where it exchanges heat with the low-temperature ammonia gas in the heat exchange tubes 12. After heat exchange in both heat exchangers is completed, the high-temperature ammonia gas cracked gas flows along the heat transfer medium outlets 16 of the heat exchangers on both sides and merges through the curved pipe 18 to reach the heat exchanger product combined outlet 17.

[0023] As shown in Figure 4, a catalyst tube plate 211 is provided at each end of the reaction housing 21. The catalyst tube plate 211 has four holes evenly spaced around its circumference. Four catalyst tubes 22 are provided inside the reaction housing 21, and both ends of the catalyst tubes 22 pass through the holes in the catalyst tube plate 211 and are fixedly installed. The catalyst tubes 22 are filled with a catalyst 3 for the ammonia decomposition reaction. A heat source gas inlet 25 communicating with the reaction housing 21 is provided on the side wall at one end of the reaction housing 21, and a heat source gas outlet 26 is provided diagonally opposite the other end of the reaction housing 21. The heat source gas inlet 25 and the heat source gas outlet 26 extend outside the heat exchanger housing 11 via connecting pipes. The diameter of the heat source gas inlet 25 is larger than that of the heat source gas outlet 26, which increases the residence time of the heat source gas inside the reaction housing 21 and provides more heat for the ammonia decomposition reaction. A screen 27 is provided at each end of the catalyst tube 22 to prevent leakage of the catalyst 3 inside the catalyst tube 22, and the mesh size of the screen 27 is 80 mesh to 120 mesh.

[0024] The heat source gas outlet 26 may also communicate with the heat medium inlet 15 and is used to supply heat to the heat exchanger, making full use of the heat amount entering the heat source gas from the heat source gas inlet 25 .

[0025] Unlike conventional equipment, the reactor integrated with a heat exchanger in the present invention has a compact structure and more reasonable space utilization. The heat exchanger is covered by the reactor housing, and the reactor can provide the heat source for the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger itself can also be regarded as the heat insulation layer of the reactor, which can effectively guarantee the temperature conditions in the reactor and avoid the problems of heat loss in the system and insufficient reaction process.

[0026] Where the present invention does not address, it applies to the prior art.

[0027] Obviously, the above examples are merely illustrative examples for the purpose of clarity and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make modifications or changes in other different forms based on the above description. It is not necessary or possible to comprehensively list all embodiments here. However, obvious modifications or changes still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0028] 1 Heat exchanger body 11 Replacement Housing 111 Heat exchanger tube sheet 12 Heat exchange tube 13 Ammonia gas exchange heat inlet 14 Ammonia gas heat exchange outlet 15 Heat medium inlet 16 Heat medium outlet 17 Product confluence outlet 18 Curved pipe 2. Reactor body 21 Reaction Housing 211 Catalyst tube plate 22 Catalyst tube 23 Ammonia gas inlet 24 Ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet 25 Heat source gas inlet 26 Heat source gas outlet 27 screens 3. Catalyst

Claims

1. An ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function, The present invention comprises a heat exchanger body (1) and a reactor body (2), and the heat exchanger body (1) is covered on the outside of the reactor body (2), The heat exchanger body (1) includes a heat exchange housing (11), a heat exchange tube (12), an ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13), an ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14), a heat medium inlet (15), and a heat medium outlet (16). The heat exchange tube (12) is provided in the heat exchange housing (11), one end of the heat exchange tube (12) communicates with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13), the other end of the heat exchange tube (12) communicates with the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14), and the heat medium inlet (15) and the heat medium outlet (16) are each connected to the heat exchange housing (11). The reactor body (2) comprises a reaction housing (21), a catalyst tube (22), an ammonia gas inlet (23), and an ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24), the catalyst tube (22) is provided in the reaction housing (21), the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14) is in communication with the ammonia gas inlet (23), the ammonia gas inlet (23) and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24) are in communication with each other via the catalyst tube (22), and the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24) is in communication with the heat transfer medium inlet (15).

2. 2. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas pre-heating function according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger body (1) has an annular structure in which two identical fan-shaped semicircular heat exchangers are combined together, the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13) is divided by a pipeline and then communicates with the heat exchange tubes (12) in the fan-shaped semicircular heat exchangers on both sides, and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlets (14) in the fan-shaped semicircular heat exchangers on both sides are joined together via a pipeline and then connected to the ammonia gas inlet (23).

3. 3. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the heat exchange tubes are provided in the heat exchanger body, and the heat exchange tubes are uniformly arranged in the heat exchanger body along a circumferential direction of the heat exchanger body.

4. 4. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas pre-heating function according to claim 3, wherein heat exchange tube plates (111) are provided at both ends of the heat exchange housing (11), holes are uniformly formed in the heat exchange tube plates (111) along the circumferential direction of the heat exchange tube plates (111), and both ends of the heat exchange tubes (12) communicate with the ammonia gas heat exchange inlet (13) and the ammonia gas heat exchange outlet (14) through the holes in the heat exchange tube plates (111), respectively.

5. 5. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas pre-heating function according to claim 4, wherein the ammonia gas decomposition gas outlet (24) is connected to the heat transfer medium inlet (15) through a pipe, and then branches off to enter the heat exchange housings (11) on both sides.

6. 6. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas pre-heating function according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the catalyst tubes (22) are provided in the reactor body (2), and a catalyst (3) for an ammonia decomposition reaction is filled in the catalyst tubes (22).

7. 7. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas pre-heating function according to claim 6, wherein a catalyst tube plate (211) is provided at each end of the reaction housing (21), and four holes are formed in the catalyst tube plate (211) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the catalyst tube plate (211), and four catalyst tubes (22) are provided in the reaction housing (21), and both ends of the catalyst tubes (22) are fixedly installed by passing through the openings in the catalyst tube plate (211).

8. 8. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas pre-heating function according to claim 7, wherein a heat source gas inlet (25) communicating with the reaction housing (21) is provided on a side wall at one end of the reaction housing (21), a heat source gas outlet (26) is provided at the diagonally opposite side of the other end of the reaction housing (21), and the heat source gas inlet (25) and the heat source gas outlet (26) extend to the outside of the heat exchange housing (11) via connecting pipes.

9. 9. The ammonia decomposition reactor having an ammonia gas preheating function according to claim 8, wherein the pipe diameter of the heat source gas inlet (25) is larger than the pipe diameter of the heat source gas outlet (26).

10. 10. The ammonia decomposition reactor with ammonia gas pre-heating function according to claim 9, wherein a screen (27) for preventing leakage of the catalyst (3) is provided at each end of the catalyst tube (22), and the mesh size of the screen (27) is 80 mesh to 120 mesh.

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