Floating offshore structures

Abstract

The present application relates to at least one subsea power cable connector (106, 606) configured to connect a subsea power cable (116, 616), at least one anchor connector (114, 314, 414, 514, 614) configured to connect at least one anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622) for mooring a floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) to the bottom of the water, and at least one anchor connector (114, 314, 414, 514, 614) configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure. and at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) configured to at least electrically disconnect an electrical connection to a subsea power cable (116, 616) connected to the subsea power cable connector (106, 606) upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to a floating offshore structure comprising at least one subsea power cable connector configured to connect a subsea power cable and at least one anchor connector configured to connect at least one anchor connection for mooring the floating offshore structure to the water bottom.Furthermore, the present application relates to a (floating) power generation system, method and use. [Background technology]

[0002] Nowadays, power generation systems are increasingly used to provide electrical energy, in which the generation of electrical energy is based on so-called renewable energy sources. A power generation system comprises at least one power generation device, preferably a plurality of power generation devices.

[0003] For example, wind energy systems or wind power plants having at least one wind turbine as an energy generating device are used as electrical energy generating systems. The wind turbine is specifically configured to convert wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. In addition to wind energy systems or wind power plants, photovoltaic systems or photovoltaic power plants are also increasingly configured as electrical energy generating systems, and typically include multiple photovoltaic modules for electrical energy generation.

[0004] Such power generation systems are increasingly found not only on land but also offshore. There are many reasons for choosing offshore, for example, the available space on land may be limited. Furthermore, it has been shown that it is possible to increase the energy production, for example, in wind power plants. Offshore locations are usually characterized by relatively uninterrupted wind conditions and high average wind speeds, which is why, for example, so-called offshore wind energy systems or offshore wind farms are increasingly being built. Due to space constraints, for example, offshore photovoltaic parks may be installed.

[0005] Typically, an offshore power generation system comprises a number of offshore structures, such as a number of offshore wind turbines and at least one offshore substation, by which the offshore wind farm is electrically connected, for example, to an onshore substation or to a further offshore substation or converter station.

[0006] Furthermore, onshore substations can be connected to the public power grid.To transmit electrical energy between two offshore structures or between an offshore structure and an onshore structure, power cables are laid between the aforementioned structures in the form of subsea power cables.

[0007] While it has been common practice for offshore wind turbines and offshore substations, as well as other offshore structures such as photovoltaic platforms, platforms for gas or oil exploration, to moor the structures to the waterbed, specifically on or in the seabed, by foundation structures (e.g., monopiles, tripods, tripiles or jacket foundations), there is increasing consideration of installing floating or floating offshore structures, for example, floating power generation devices such as floating offshore wind turbines or floating photovoltaic platforms.

[0008] One of the reasons for using floating offshore structures is that such structures can be installed in areas with great water depths, for example, greater than 150 meters.

[0009] The floating or floating offshore structure may comprise at least one floating foundation having at least one float. On the floating foundation, a device having at least one subsea power cable connector may be arranged. In a variant, the subsea power cable connector may be arranged on the foundation. The subsea power cable connector is configured to connect a subsea power cable.

[0010] For example, the device placed on the foundation may be a transformer device having at least one transformer, a wind power generation device, a photovoltaic device, a hydrogen production device, or the like.

[0011] For (permanent) stationary operation of the offshore structure at a particular installation location, the offshore structure is attached to the subsurface bottom (typically the seabed) by at least one mooring mechanism configured to secure the offshore structure to the water bottom in a moored state.

[0012] To that end, the mooring arrangement may comprise at least one anchor connection extending between the anchor at least partially buried in the waterbed and the floating offshore structure. Thus, the offshore structure comprises at least one anchor connection. The anchor connector is configured to connect the at least one anchor connection to moor the floating offshore structure to the waterbed. Alternatively, two or more anchor connections may be connected or attached to one anchor connector.

[0013] A problem with the described floating offshore structures is that the anchor connections may break or be severed during operation of the offshore structure, for example due to high mechanical loads acting on the anchor connections during operation, ship accidents, or the like.

[0014] Failure of an anchor connection can result in failure of the connected live subsea power cable, which could result in a short circuit and therefore a high safety risk due to the large currents regularly flowing through the subsea power cable and / or the high voltages applied to such cables.

[0015] It is therefore an object of the present application to provide a floating offshore structure having a subsea power cable connector for connecting a subsea power cable, which improves safety during operation of the floating offshore structure. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] According to a first aspect of the present application, the object is achieved by a floating offshore structure as set forth in claim 1. The floating offshore structure comprises at least one subsea power cable connector. The at least one subsea power cable connector is configured to connect a subsea power cable. The floating offshore structure comprises at least one anchor connector. The at least one anchor connector is configured to connect at least one anchor connection for mooring the floating offshore structure to the water bottom. The floating offshore structure comprises at least one detection mechanism. The at least one detection mechanism is configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure (e.g., a broken anchor connection of the floating offshore structure, or a situation in which an anchor connection of the floating offshore structure is at risk of failure due to high loads). The floating offshore structure comprises at least one switching device. The at least one switching device is configured to at least electrically disconnect (or switch off or disconnect) an electrical connection to the subsea power cable connected to the subsea power cable connector upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure.

[0017] Unlike the prior art, safety during operation of a floating offshore structure is improved by providing a detection mechanism for detecting indications of anchor connection failure, in particular a broken or disconnected anchor connection, and a switching device for interrupting the transmission of current or power through the connected subsea power cable upon such detection. Breaks in live subsea power cables are (reliably) prevented. Unintentional short circuits are avoided.

[0018] The offshore structure according to the present application is a floating offshore structure or an offshore structure that floats during operation. The floating offshore structure or the floating offshore structure comprises at least one subsea power cable connector. For example, two subsea power cable connectors may be provided. The subsea power cable connectors are provided for connecting subsea power cables during operation of the offshore structure. For example, two subsea power cables may be connected to the offshore structure.

[0019] In particular, the subsea power cable is configured to transmit electrical energy. The subsea power cable is preferably a medium voltage subsea cable (in particular between 3 kV and 30 kV) or a high voltage subsea cable (60 kV to 110 kV). The power capacity of the subsea power cable according to the present application is preferably between 3 MW and 2.5 GW. Furthermore, the subsea power cable can also be configured to transmit data.

[0020] Specifically, a subsea power cable according to the present application may extend from a subsea power cable connector to the water bottom and then at the water bottom for a particular depth range. If the further connected structure is also an offshore structure, the subsea power cable may extend from the water bottom to a further subsea power cable connector on that further (floating) offshore structure. If the further connected structure is an onshore structure, the subsea power cable may extend substantially at the sea bottom to a further subsea power cable connector on the onshore structure.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment of the offshore structure of the present application, the floating offshore structure may comprise a foundation having at least one float. The floating offshore structure may comprise at least one device disposed on the foundation. The device may comprise at least one subsea power cable connector. Preferably, the device may be a power generation device. Non-exhaustive example devices comprising a subsea power cable connector include a transformer device comprising at least one electric transformer, a wind power generation device (e.g., comprising a tower, a nacelle, a rotor, a generator, etc.), a photovoltaic device (preferably comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules), and a hydrogen production device, specifically a water electrolysis device.

[0022] As already mentioned, the at least one floating foundation can comprise at least one floating body. The floating body or floating body is independently buoyant, in particular by the buoyancy of the displacement according to Archimedes' principle. The floating body can be, for example, hollow, filled with air or a lightweight solid material. In particular, the floating foundation can essentially form a floating body.

[0023] The floating foundation may preferably be a so-called barge foundation, semi-submersible foundation, spar foundation and / or Tension Leg Platform (TLP) foundation, although it is understood that other types of floating foundation may be provided in other variations of the present application.

[0024] According to the present application, the offshore structure comprises at least one anchor connector. Specifically, the foundation may comprise at least one anchor connection. The anchor connection is configured to (mechanically) connect at least one anchor connection. During operation, the offshore structure is attached or moored to the water bottom by the at least one anchor connection.

[0025] The anchor connection according to the present application is preferably an anchor rope and / or an anchor chain. The anchor rope may be made of metal, in particular steel, and / or plastic, in particular at least one fiber composite material. Preferably, two or more anchor ropes may be twisted together to form the anchor connection. At least one anchor rope may be provided with a sheath to protect it.

[0026] One end of the anchor connection part is connected to the anchor connector (when the floating offshore structure is installed), and the other end of the anchor connection part is connected to an anchor (e.g., a weight anchor, a torpedo anchor, etc.). The anchor may be at least partially buried in the water bottom. Specifically, the anchor and the anchor connection part form a mooring mechanism. Preferably, the floating offshore structure may have three anchor connection parts, which may be attached to a corresponding number of anchor connectors on the offshore structure, for example.

[0027] In accordance with the present application, it has been determined that the operational safety of a floating offshore structure connected to at least one subsea power cable can be improved by implementing a detection mechanism for detecting indications of anchor connection failure, specifically an (actually) failed anchor connection, and a switching device connected to the detection mechanism.

[0028] The detection mechanism is used for direct and / or indirect monitoring of at least one anchor connection of the floating offshore structure, in particular all anchor connections of the floating offshore structure. In particular, the detection mechanism is provided for detecting a broken or severed anchor connection. A broken anchor connection exists when at least the mechanical or structural connection of the mooring mechanism to the anchor is disconnected.

[0029] Detecting an indication of anchor connection failure refers to detecting a specific event or a specific parameter that indicates a failed anchor connection (actually or potentially) or an anchor connection that has a high probability of failure (e.g., >95%) (e.g., due to the current load on the anchor connection exceeding a predetermined maximum allowable load). Specifically, a potentially failed anchor connection exists when the detection mechanism detects a parameter or event that is indicative of a failed anchor connection, but which may have other contributing factors, such as a flaw in the detection mechanism (e.g., measurement error or the like).

[0030] Upon or after detecting an indication of at least one anchor connection failure, in particular a broken anchor connection, at least one electrical disconnection of a connection to the floating offshore structure or to a subsea power cable connected to the floating offshore structure's electrical system is performed by a switching device. In particular, an interruption of the current flow or an interruption of the energy flow through at least one subsea power cable connected to the floating offshore structure is performed. In other words, the at least one subsea power cable is de-energized (German: spannungslos, English: de-energized) by the switching device. In particular, the switching device can disconnect or interrupt all current or energy flows of the subsea power cables connected to the floating offshore structure. For example, the switching device can comprise at least one switching module for each connected subsea power cable. Here, the electrical disconnection in particular includes (appropriate) earthing, which eliminates the risk of a short circuit.

[0031] In particular, the switching device is formed in the form of a protection circuit or a breaking circuit. According to the present application, upon or after detection specifically means that the described disconnection is carried out at least within a specific period of time after the detection of an indication of anchor connection failure. The specific period of time may be at least less than 10 seconds, in particular less than 5 seconds, and particularly preferably less than 1 second. In other words, the switching device can preferably be configured to electrically disconnect immediately (i.e., in particular within a period of less than 1 second) upon or after the detection of an indication of anchor connection failure, in particular a broken anchor connection. This specifically means that the switching device is activated upon or after the detection of an indication of anchor connection failure, in particular at least one broken anchor connection, so that the current supply to the at least one subsea power cable is immediately interrupted.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the detection mechanism may comprise at least one position sensor, which may be configured to detect the (instantaneous) position of the floating offshore structure.

[0033] The detection mechanism can include at least one position estimation module that can be configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure based on the detected position and a predetermined range of acceptable positions.

[0034] The at least one location sensor may in particular be a satellite-based location sensor, for example a GPS sensor, a Galileo sensor, or the like.

[0035] In particular, the at least one position sensor is configured for substantially continuous detection of the instantaneous geographical position of the floating offshore structure, in other words, the position estimation of the floating offshore structure can be performed in a particularly continuous manner.

[0036] The detected positions or detected position data, in particular in the form of geographic coordinates (e.g. GPS data), can be (continuously) provided to a position assessment module. In particular, the position assessment module is configured to evaluate the detected positions or detected position data in order to detect indications of anchor connection failure, in particular failed anchor connections. In particular, it has been determined in accordance with the present application that the status (e.g. failed or intact) of at least one anchor connection can be (indirectly) determined based on the instantaneous position of the offshore structure.

[0037] Preferably, the allowable (geographical) position range of the floating offshore structure is predetermined. Specifically, the allowable position range can be determined before and / or during the operation of the floating offshore structure. Specifically, the allowable position range defines the maximum range of movement of the floating offshore structure moored to the water bottom by at least one anchor connection, and may vary depending on parameters such as the length of the at least one anchor connection (e.g., more than 1000 m), the number of connected anchor connections, and / or the length buffer provided for the at least one subsea power cable.

[0038] For example, the longer the at least one anchor connection or the deeper the water at the installation location of the floating offshore structure, the larger the radius of movement of the offshore structure during operation. The subsea power cable can have a length buffer or length margin that takes into account the maximum radius of movement. The length buffer can be achieved, for example, by making the cable curve of the subsea power cable from the offshore structure to the water bottom S-shaped, and the curve can be provided by at least one floating body disposed on the subsea power cable. Specifically, the length buffer is selected to ensure that the subsea power cable is not damaged when the offshore structure is moving within the maximum radius of movement.

[0039] The allowable position range is the same as the maximum movement radius or, preferably, slightly (e.g., 5%) greater in the situation where the maximum movement radius is fully enclosed. The allowable position range specifically ensures that small position deviations caused not only by measurement inaccuracies but also by weather conditions at the installation site do not lead to the operation of the switching device. Only larger deviations that may endanger the subsea power cable lead to the operation of the switching device. The allowable position range can specifically be defined by limit position data (e.g., geographic coordinates such as GPS coordinates). As long as the detected position data of the floating offshore structure are within the allowable position range, it can be assumed that at least one anchor connection is intact or not damaged. In this case, current interruption is omitted.

[0040] On the other hand, if the detected position data of the floating offshore structure is outside the acceptable position range, an event or parameter may be detected that indicates that at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) broken or disconnected (or there is an imminent risk (>95%) of breaking).

[0041] The position evaluation module may in particular be configured to (continuously) compare the detected position or the detected position data with an acceptable position range. If the detected position or the detected position data of the offshore structure is determined to be outside the acceptable position range, a switching device may be (instantly) activated in the described manner. A broken anchor connection may in particular be reliably detected without the need for an additional sensor monitoring the anchor connection.

[0042] In a variant of the present application, it may be provided that the switching device is activated in the described manner only if the detected position or detected position data of the offshore structure is outside the acceptable position range for a certain (predefined) period of time (for example between 0.5 and 10 seconds). If the detected position of the offshore structure is still within the acceptable range before the aforementioned period has elapsed, the switching device may not be activated.

[0043] According to a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the detection mechanism may comprise (instead of or in addition to the position sensor) at least one anchor connection structure sensor. The anchor connection structure sensor may be configured to (substantially continuously) detect at least one anchor connection structure parameter of the anchor connection of the floating offshore structure. In particular, this means that the anchor connection structure sensor allows monitoring the structural integrity of the anchor connection of the floating offshore structure.

[0044] The detection mechanism can include at least one anchor connection structural evaluation module (instead of or in addition to the position evaluation module). The anchor connection structural evaluation module can be configured to detect indications of anchor connection failure based on at least one detected anchor connection structural parameter and, in particular, at least one predetermined acceptable anchor connection structural parameter range. In particular, the anchor connection structural evaluation module can evaluate the detected anchor connection structural parameter values ​​substantially continuously.

[0045] In particular, the allowable anchor connection structural parameter range defines a parameter range within which at least one anchor connection of the floating offshore structure is intact or not broken (and in particular is not yet at imminent risk of breaking). In particular, at least one limiting connection structural parameter value may be defined.

[0046] As long as the detected anchor connection structural parameter value of the at least one anchor connection is within the allowable anchor connection structural parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or not damaged. In that case, specifically, electrical disconnection of the current can be omitted. On the other hand, if the detected anchor connection structural parameter value is outside the allowable anchor connection structural parameter range, an event or parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) damaged or disconnected (or is at risk of immediate failure with a high probability (>95%)).

[0047] The anchor connection structure evaluation module can be specifically configured to (continuously) compare the detected anchor connection structure parameter value with an acceptable anchor connection structure parameter range, and if the detected anchor connection structure parameter value is determined to be outside the acceptable anchor connection structure parameter range, the switching device can be (immediately) activated in the described manner.

[0048] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the detection mechanism may in particular comprise at least one electrical sensor device as an anchor connection structure sensor. The electrical sensor device may be configured to (substantially continuously) detect at least one electrical parameter of an electrical conductor guided at least partially along the anchor connection. The detection mechanism may in particular comprise at least one electrical evaluation module as an anchor connection structure evaluation module. The electrical evaluation module may be configured to detect indications of anchor connection failure based on the at least one detected electrical parameter and in particular on at least one predetermined acceptable electrical parameter range.

[0049] The electrical sensor device may be part of an electrical sensor mechanism. The sensor mechanism may further comprise an electrical (measurement) conductor, for example having a forward line and a return line. In one embodiment, the floating offshore structure may comprise at least one electrical sensor mechanism (and in particular one anchor connection monitored thereby).

[0050] The forward line of the electrical conductor may preferably extend from the end of the anchor connection portion connected to the anchor connector to the other end of the anchor connection portion attached to the anchor. The return line of the electrical conductor may continue on from the forward line and extend from the other end of the anchor connection portion to the end of the anchor connection portion connected to the anchor connector. An electrical sensor device may be connected to the forward line and the return line.

[0051] The conductor may be arranged in the anchor connection such that if the anchor connection breaks, the conductor also breaks (at least approximately simultaneously). In the case of an anchor rope, for example, the conductor may be integrated into the anchor rope. In an anchor chain, the conductor may be guided, for example, through eyelets attached to the chain links. The conductor may comprise at least one conductor phase surrounded by an insulating layer.

[0052] The electrical sensor device may specifically comprise a generator configured to apply a specific voltage and / or a specific current to the electrical conductors (specifically the forward line and the return line), and may further comprise at least one measurement module for detecting, specifically measuring, at least one electrical parameter (e.g., voltage, current, magnetic field, electric field, etc.) resulting from the electrical parameter applied by the generator and the state of the electrical conductors (e.g., broken or not broken).

[0053] As described, the electrical conductor is attached to the anchor connection such that failure of the anchor connection will result in failure of the electrical conductor. Breaking or disconnecting the electrical conductor will result in a detectable change in at least one sensed electrical parameter. Specifically, failure of the electrical conductor will cause a change in the sensed electrical parameter such that the sensed electrical parameter (value) is no longer within a predetermined acceptable electrical parameter range.

[0054] The acceptable electrical parameter range specifically defines a parameter range of a measured electrical parameter (e.g., voltage, current, magnetic field, electric field, etc.) within which the electrical conductor, and therefore also the at least one anchor connection, is intact or not damaged. Specifically, at least one electrical limit parameter value may be predetermined.

[0055] As long as the detected electrical parameter value of the at least one detected electrical parameter is within an acceptable parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or undamaged, and electrical disconnection of the current is omitted. On the other hand, if the at least one detected electrical parameter value is outside of an acceptable parameter range, an event or parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) damaged or disconnected (or is at risk of immediate failure with a high probability (>95%)).

[0056] The electrical evaluation module can in particular be configured to (continuously) compare the detected electrical parameter values ​​with an acceptable parameter range. If the detected parameter values ​​are outside the acceptable position range, the switching device can be (instantly) activated in the manner described. In particular, a reliable detection of an actually broken anchor connection can be provided.

[0057] Alternatively or additionally, in one embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the detection mechanism may comprise at least one optical sensor device. The optical sensor device may be configured to detect at least one optical parameter of a light guide guided at least partially along the anchor connection. The detection mechanism may comprise at least one optical evaluation module. The optical evaluation module may be configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure based on the at least one detected optical parameter and in particular on at least one predetermined acceptable optical parameter range.

[0058] Preferably, the optical sensor arrangement may comprise an optical sensor device and additionally at least one light guide. The floating offshore structure may comprise an optical sensor arrangement (and in particular one anchor connection monitored thereby).

[0059] The light guide is specifically an optical waveguide that can be preferably formed as a linear state sensor. The light guide can have at least one optical fiber that can be surrounded by a protective layer. Specifically, the light guide is configured to enable detection of at least one optical parameter that is indicative of at least the mechanical or structural condition of the anchor connection.

[0060] For example, vibrations (or acoustic emissions) of anchor connections can be detected. These can then be evaluated to draw conclusions about the mechanical or structural condition of anchor connections on floating offshore structures. In particular, light conductors connected to optical sensor devices can be used to detect (potential or actual) anchor connection failures or at least mechanical loads with a high probability (>95%) of failure.

[0061] In particular, the light conductor is integrated into the anchor connection and is for example at least (radially) surrounded or enclosed by the (outer) sheath of the anchor rope. Alternatively or additionally, the light conductor may be guided along the anchor connection by guiding means (for example eyelets).

[0062] Preferably, the light conductor can extend substantially along the entire anchor connection (when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the anchor connection). In other words, at least one light conductor can preferably extend substantially from a first end of the anchor connection connected to the anchor connector to the other end of the anchor connection, which other end can be connected to or comprise an anchor (e.g., a foundation). This allows the entire anchor connection to be monitored.

[0063] The optical sensor device may preferably be based on Optical-Time-Domain-Reflectometry (OTDR).

[0064] Preferably, the optical sensor device may include at least one measurement signal generator. The measurement signal generator may be configured to couple an optical measurement signal to at least one light conductor of the anchor connection being monitored. The sensor device may include an optical measurement module configured to receive and specifically evaluate a sensor signal generated in response to the optical measurement signal of the light conductor. Specifically, the sensor signal may be based on the measurement signal and the state of the light conductor, and thus the state of the anchor connection (e.g., broken or not broken). A broken anchor connection may then be detected by evaluating the sensor signal.

[0065] As already mentioned, the optical sensor device can in particular operate according to the OTDR method. For example, the measurement signal generator can couple at least one light pulse, in particular a laser pulse (for example having a duration between 3 ns and 20 μs), as a measurement signal into a light conductor in the form of an optical waveguide. In particular, the measurement module can measure backscattered light as a sensor signal over time. The (continuously) detected optical parameter can in particular be a sensor signal in the form of a detected reflection parameter, for example a backscattered light parameter or a parameter determined therefrom.

[0066] As described, the light guide can preferably be attached to the anchor connection such that if the anchor connection breaks, the light guide also breaks (at least approximately simultaneously). Breaking or disconnecting the light guide causes a detectable change in at least one optical parameter. Specifically, breakage of the light guide causes a change in the detected optical parameter such that the detected optical parameter (value) is no longer within a predetermined acceptable optical parameter range.

[0067] The acceptable optical parameter range specifically defines an optical parameter range within which the light guide, and thus the at least one anchor connection, is intact or not damaged. Specifically, at least one optical limit parameter value can be predetermined.

[0068] As long as the detected optical parameter value of the at least one detected optical parameter is within an acceptable parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or not damaged. Activation of the switching device can be omitted. On the other hand, if the at least one detected optical parameter value is outside the acceptable parameter range, an event or parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) damaged or disconnected (or is at risk of immediate damage with a high probability (>95%)). In particular, a reliable and particularly accurate detection of damaged anchor connections can be provided.

[0069] The optical evaluation module can in particular be configured to (continuously) compare the detected optical parameter value with an acceptable parameter range. If it is determined that the detected parameter value is outside the acceptable position range, the switching device can be (instantly) activated in the manner described. In particular, a reliable and particularly accurate detection of a broken anchor connection can be provided.

[0070] Alternatively or additionally, in one embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the detection mechanism may comprise at least one mechanical sensor. The mechanical sensor may be configured to detect at least one mechanical parameter of a measuring rope guided at least partially along the anchor connection. The detection mechanism may comprise at least one mechanical evaluation module. The mechanical evaluation module may be configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure based on the at least one detected mechanical parameter, and in particular based on at least one predetermined acceptable mechanical parameter range.

[0071] Preferably, the mechanical measuring mechanism comprises a mechanical sensor and at least one measuring rope, which can be guided, for example, from one end of the anchor connection to the other end of the anchor connection, in particular parallel to the anchor connection.

[0072] The measuring rope can be attached to the anchor connection in such a way that if the anchor connection breaks, the measuring rope also breaks. Prior to the break or severance, the tension of the measuring rope detectable by the mechanical sensor and / or the travel distance of the measuring rope detectable by the mechanical sensor may be changed, specifically by the broken anchor connection, which can be detected by the mechanical sensor and evaluated by the mechanical evaluation module. Specifically, breaking the anchor connection causes a detectable change in the detected machine parameter, such that the detected machine parameter (value) no longer falls within a specified range of permissible optical parameters.

[0073] The allowable mechanical parameter range specifically defines a parameter range (e.g., maximum allowable stress range, maximum allowable travel distance, etc.) within which at least one anchor connection is intact or undamaged. Specifically, at least one mechanical limit parameter value (e.g., stress limit value, travel distance limit value) can be predetermined.

[0074] As long as the detected machine parameter value of the at least one detected machine parameter is within an acceptable parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or undamaged. On the other hand, if the at least one detected machine parameter value is outside the acceptable parameter range, an event or parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) damaged or disconnected (or at risk of immediate failure with a high probability (>95%)).

[0075] The mechanical evaluation module can in particular be configured to (continuously) compare the detected mechanical parameter values ​​with an acceptable parameter range. If the detected parameter values ​​are outside the acceptable parameter range, a switching device can be (instantly) activated in the manner described. Reliable detection of broken anchor connections can in particular be provided by simple means.

[0076] As already mentioned, the detection mechanism and the switching device may be coupled or connected to each other, in particular so that a switching operation, and thus at least an electrical disconnection, can be activated (directly) upon detection of a broken anchor connection. According to a further preferred embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the floating offshore structure may comprise at least one interface arranged between the detection mechanism (in particular the at least one evaluation module) and the switching device. The at least one interface may be an analog interface and / or a digital interface and / or a mechanical interface. Preferably, two different interfaces may be provided, such as an analog interface and a digital interface, or a digital interface and a mechanical interface. This can ensure that the described switching operation can be activated even if the interface is defective. Preferably, upon detection of a broken anchor cable, the detection mechanism can control the switching device via the at least one interface to electrically interrupt the electrical connection to the subsea power cable.

[0077] In a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, a further mechanical sensor may be arranged (directly) on, in particular integrated into, the anchor connector. The further mechanical sensor may be configured to detect at least one further mechanical parameter of the anchor connection, such as a load applied by the anchor connection to the anchor connector (e.g., a retaining bolt of the anchor connector). Furthermore, the floating offshore structure may comprise at least one further mechanical evaluation module. The further mechanical evaluation module may be configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure of the floating offshore structure based on the at least one further detected mechanical parameter and, in particular, on at least one further predetermined allowable mechanical parameter range. The detection of an indication of anchor connection failure based on the at least one further detected mechanical parameter and, in particular, on at least one further predetermined allowable mechanical parameter range is performed in a manner similar to the previously described detection of a broken anchor connection of the floating offshore structure based, in particular, on the at least one detected mechanical parameter and, in particular, on the at least one predetermined allowable mechanical parameter range, and therefore, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the corresponding description.

[0078] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the switching device may comprise, in particular as a switching module, at least one load break switch. The at least one load break switch is in particular configured to switch an (electrical) load. The load break switch may comprise at least one arc-extinguishing module. In particular, the arc-extinguishing module may be arranged at a switching contact of the load break switch. Preferably, the switching device may comprise at least one load break switch for each connected subsea power cable.

[0079] Preferably, the switching device, in particular the at least one load break switch, can be arranged on or in the subsea power cable connector, so that in a safe and simple manner the electrical connection to the connected subsea power cable can be interrupted, in particular the subsea power cable can therefore be de-energized.

[0080] Furthermore, according to a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure, the switching device can be configured to mechanically disconnect the subsea power cable, preventing uncontrolled disconnection of the de-energized subsea power cable, thereby facilitating repair of damage and further improving safety.

[0081] According to a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the floating offshore structure may comprise at least one communication device, in particular, the at least one communication device may be coupled to or integrated into the detection mechanism.

[0082] The communication device may be configured to at least upon detection of an indication of anchor connection failure, in particular a broken anchor connection of the floating offshore structure, transmit at least one warning message to at least one further structure connected to the floating offshore structure via the subsea power cable (at which an electrical disconnection has occurred, in particular a disconnection is expected), wherein at least the warning message may include an instruction to electrically disconnect the subsea power cable at the further structure.

[0083] The further structure may be an offshore (floating) structure or an onshore structure.

[0084] For example, the communication device may comprise a radio module. Preferably, the communication device may be coupled to an (optical) communication conductor of the at least one subsea power cable for transmitting the warning message via the (optical) communication conductor. The further structure may comprise a further switching device. The further switching device may be configured to at least electrically disconnect an electrical connection to a subsea power cable connected to a further subsea power cable connector of the further structure (directly) upon reception of the warning message.

[0085] According to a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the switching device comprises a receiving module connected to the (optical) communication conductor of the at least one subsea power cable, and the switching device, in particular the at least one switching module, may be arranged to at least electrically disconnect the electrical connection to the subsea power cable (as already described) upon receiving, in particular a warning message, in particular from the communication device of the further floating offshore structure (described above).

[0086] According to a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the floating offshore structure may comprise at least one activation mechanism configured to activate at least one consumer and / or at least one energy source upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure. The activation may be instantaneous (e.g., similar to the activation of a switching device). In particular, the at least one consumer and / or the at least one energy source may be part of a safety system of the offshore structure. For example, the at least one consumer may be an actuator for closing a door (e.g., for safety reasons, a door or gate may be automatically closed upon detection), and / or an actuator for interrupting a fluid flow (e.g., a hydrogen flow or a gas produced from hydrogen; for safety reasons, the actuator may be automatically closed a valve or the like in a piping system), and / or a light source (e.g., emergency lighting). For example, the at least one energy source may be a battery and / or a fuel-powered generator (e.g., a diesel generator) configured to power, for example, the aforementioned (electrical) consumers.

[0087] In particular, safety and / or fire protection systems of the offshore structure (or adjacent structures) may be automatically activated upon corresponding detection.

[0088] According to a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the floating offshore structure may comprise at least one deactivation mechanism configured to deactivate at least one consumer (of the offshore structure and / or adjacent structures) and / or at least one energy source (of the offshore structure and / or adjacent structures) upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure. The deactivation may be immediate (e.g., similar to the activation of a switching device), whereby a shutdown time or ramp-down time or ramp must be taken into account, if necessary. In particular, the at least one consumer may be a component of the electrolysis system, such as an electrolyzer, a compressor, a treatment system, a pump, and / or the like, which in particular allows for an automatic (as rapid as possible) shutdown of the chemical process upon corresponding detection. Furthermore, for example, the at least one energy source may be a wind turbine and / or a photovoltaic system.

[0089] A further aspect of the present application is a (floating) (offshore) power generation system. The power generation system comprises at least one floating offshore structure (as described above). The power generation system comprises at least one subsea power cable (as described above). The power generation system comprises at least one further structure (as described above) electrically connected to the floating offshore structure via the subsea power cable.

[0090] Preferably, the power generation system may be a floating or fixed offshore wind power generation system, or a floating or fixed offshore wind farm. The power generation system may also be a floating or fixed offshore photovoltaic system, or an offshore hydrogen production system. It is understood that the aforementioned systems may be combined. For example, an offshore wind energy system may comprise at least one photovoltaic device and / or at least one hydrogen production device.

[0091] A further aspect of the present application is a method, comprising: - detecting, by at least one detection mechanism (of the offshore structure), indications of anchor connection failure (specifically, a broken anchor connection of the floating offshore structure); - electrically disconnecting, by at least one switching device (of the offshore structure), the electrical connection to the subsea power cable connected to the subsea power cable connector of the offshore structure upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure; Includes.

[0092] A further aspect of the present application is the use, in a floating offshore structure, of a detection mechanism configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure and at least one switching device configured to at least electrically disconnect an electrical connection to a subsea power cable connected to a subsea power cable connector of the floating offshore structure upon or after detection of the indication of anchor connection failure.

[0093] The features of the floating offshore structure, the power generation system, the method and the use may be freely combined with one another. In particular, the features of this specification and / or the dependent claims may be independently inventive, either alone or in free combination with one another, and may also wholly or partially avoid the features of the independent claims.

[0094] There are now numerous possibilities for designing and further developing the floating offshore structure according to the present application, the power generation system according to the present application, the method according to the present application and the use of the anchor cable system according to the present application, for which reference is made on the one hand to the patent claims dependent on the independent claims and on the other hand to the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0095] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating offshore structure according to the present application; [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure according to the present application; [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure according to the present application; [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure according to the present application; [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure according to the present application; [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating power generation system according to the present application. [Figure 7] 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0096] In the figures, like reference numerals are used for like elements, and z represents the vertical direction and x represents the horizontal direction.

[0097] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating offshore structure 100 or floating offshore arrangement 100 according to the present application.

[0098] In this embodiment (and in further embodiments below) by way of example, the floating offshore structure 100 shown installed is a floating or floating offshore wind turbine 100.

[0099] However, the following description may apply to additional floating offshore structures, such as offshore substations, offshore photovoltaic devices, and offshore hydrogen production devices.

[0100] Specifically, the floating offshore structure 100 according to the present application is characterized in that the floating offshore structure 100 comprises at least one subsea power cable connector 106 and at least one anchor connector 114. The at least one subsea power cable connector 106 is configured to connect a subsea power cable 116. Specifically, when the offshore structure 100 is in operation, i.e., specifically, when it is in an installed state, the at least one subsea power cable 116 is connected to the at least one subsea power cable connector 106 of the offshore structure 100.

[0101] For example, electrical connections of the offshore power cable 116 to generators, converters, etc. of the offshore structure 100 (or PV plant, hydrogen production plant, etc.) and / or within further offshore power cable 116 are not shown.

[0102] The subsea power cable 116 is preferably a medium voltage subsea cable (specifically between 3 kV and 30 kV) or a high voltage subsea cable (60 kV to 110 kV). The power capacity of the subsea power cable 116 according to the present application is preferably between 3 MW and 2.5 GW.

[0103] For example, the subsea power cable 116 may include three-phase conductors for transmitting electrical power. Additionally, the subsea power cable 116 may incorporate at least one optical fiber as an (optical) communications conductor. It is understood that the subsea power cable 116 may include additional cable elements, such as at least one insulation layer, at least one shielding layer, at least one armor layer, an outer jacket, a filler material, and / or the like.

[0104] In this application, the offshore structure 100 comprises a floating foundation 104 having at least one buoyant body 132 (as shown). Disposed on the foundation 104 is a device 102, which may specifically comprise at least one subsea power cable connector 106. In other variations of this application, the subsea power cable connector may be disposed in or on the foundation 104.

[0105] Specifically, the device 102 is a power generating device 102. As described above, the power generating device 102 in this example is a wind turbine 102 configured to convert kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Specifically, the generated electrical energy is supplied to a subsea power cable 116 via a subsea power cable connector 106.

[0106] As can be seen, the offshore wind turbine 100 of this embodiment of the exemplary embodiment includes two subsea power cable connectors 106, each connected to a subsea power cable 116. The subsea power cables 116 extend from the subsea power cable connectors 106 to a surface 128 of the water bed 126, preferably in an S-shape. To this end, at least one buoyant body 118 may be provided, and in particular may be attached to the subsea power cables 116, which can provide a length buffer.

[0107] As further shown in FIG. 1, at least one subsea power cable 116 is laid on the water bottom 126 at a particular depth range and extends to further structures (not shown) of the power generation system, such as further floating or non-floating offshore or land-based structures.

[0108] Furthermore, the floating offshore structure 100 includes at least one anchor connector 114. In this example, three anchor connectors 114 are provided. In this example, an anchor connection part 122 is attached to each anchor connector 114. Specifically, the anchor connection part 122 is part of the mooring mechanism 120. The offshore structure 100 can include at least one mooring mechanism 120.

[0109] Specifically, the mooring mechanism 120 includes at least one anchor connection portion 122 and an anchor 124. In the illustrated installed and operational condition of the floating offshore structure 100, the anchor 124 is at least partially moored to the water bottom 126. A first end of the anchor connection portion 122 is attached to the anchor connector 114, and the other end of the anchor connection portion 122 is attached to the anchor 124.

[0110] According to the present application, the floating offshore structure 100 comprises a detection mechanism 108 and a switching device 112 as a safety system. Specifically, the switching device 112 comprises at least one switching module 110, preferably in the form of a load break switch 110. Preferably, at least one switching module 110 may be provided for each connected subsea power cable 116, for example, one load break switch 110 may be provided for each phase conductor of each subsea power cable 116. Specifically, the at least one switching module 110 may be located immediately adjacent to the at least one subsea power cable connector 106 or may be incorporated into the subsea power cable connector 106.

[0111] The switching device 112 is connected to the detection mechanism 108 via at least one interface 134 (eg, a digital interface, an analog interface, and / or a mechanical interface).

[0112] The detection mechanism 108 is configured to detect indications of anchor connection failure, specifically a failed anchor connection 122, and thus specifically serves to directly and / or indirectly monitor at least one anchor connection 122 of the floating offshore structure 100, specifically all anchor connections 122 of the floating offshore structure 100. A failed anchor connection exists when at least the connection of the mooring mechanism 120 to the anchor 124 fails.

[0113] Upon detection of an indication of anchor connection failure, at least an electrical disconnection (or switching off) of the electrical connection to the subsea power cable 116 or an interruption of power flow through or to the subsea power cable 116 is performed by the switching device 112. Preferably, a corresponding electrical disconnection is performed on all subsea power cables 116 connected to the floating offshore structure 100. In other words, at least one subsea power cable 116 is de-energized, preferably by activating at least one load break switch 110.

[0114] Specifically, at least the electrical disconnection occurs immediately or immediately upon or after the detection of a broken anchor connection 122. This means that the switching device 112 is activated immediately (e.g., <1 second) upon or after the detection of an indication of anchor connection failure, so that the energization of the at least one subsea power cable 116 is immediately de-energized. In a variation of the present application, the switching device 112 may be activated within a longer period (e.g., less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 5 seconds) upon or after the detection of an indication of anchor connection failure, so that the energization of the at least one subsea power cable 116 is immediately de-energized.

[0115] Reference number 130 indicates the water surface.

[0116] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure 200 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previously shown embodiments will be described below. Otherwise, reference is made to the description of Figure 1. In particular, it is noted that certain details of the floating offshore structure 200, such as subsea power cable connectors, anchor connectors, etc., have been omitted for the sake of overview.

[0117] The detection mechanism 208 of the floating offshore structure 200 comprises at least one position sensor 240, at least one position evaluation module 242, and at least one memory module 244. The at least one position sensor 240 is specifically configured to detect (specifically measure) the (instantaneous) geographic position of the floating offshore structure 200. The at least one position sensor 240 is specifically a satellite-based position sensor 240 (e.g., a GPS sensor, a Galileo sensor, etc.). The satellites 248 can continuously transmit coded signals. From the information contained in the signals, the position sensor 240 can specifically calculate the instantaneous position of the floating offshore structure 200.

[0118] Specifically, the at least one position sensor 240 is configured to detect or calculate the instantaneous position of the floating offshore structure 200 substantially continuously.

[0119] The illustrated position assessment module 242 is configured to assess the detected position, specifically to detect the presence of an indication of anchor connection failure. Specifically, the detection of an indication of anchor connection failure is based on the detected geographic position of the floating offshore structure 200 and a predetermined range of acceptable geographic positions. Specifically, the range of positions or corresponding position data can be stored in a memory module 244. The memory module 244 can be accessed by the position assessment module 242.

[0120] Specifically, the geographically acceptable position range is the maximum range of movement of the floating offshore structure 200 in its installed state without damaging any of the anchor connections. This range is indicated by dashed line 246 in FIG. 2. Specifically, for example, if one of the anchor connections is damaged, the maximum range of movement of the floating offshore structure 200 increases, and therefore, the floating offshore structure 200 may be outside of region 246 when the anchor connection is damaged. Therefore, as will be described in more detail, a position monitoring system can be used to reliably detect signs of anchor connection damage, specifically, damaged anchor connections.

[0121] Specifically, the allowable position range can be determined before the floating offshore structure 200 is put into operation. Specifically, the allowable position range can vary depending on parameters such as the length of the at least one anchor connection, the number of connected anchor connections, a buffer of the provided length of the at least one subsea power cable, and / or the like. For example, the longer the anchor connection or the greater the water depth at the installation location of the offshore structure, the greater the maximum range of movement of the floating offshore structure 200.

[0122] The offshore power cable may have a buffer of an appropriate length, for example, an S-shaped curve as shown in Figure 1. For the offshore structure 200 to move within the maximum range of movement or allowable position, it is guaranteed that the subsea power cable will not be damaged.

[0123] The detected geographic location or detected location data, in particular in the form of geographic coordinates (e.g., GPS data), is here (continuously) provided to a location evaluation module 242. The location evaluation module 242 can (continuously) compare the provided location data with an acceptable location range, which can also be defined by the location data.

[0124] If the detected position data is within or conforms to the acceptable position range (i.e., the floating offshore structure 200 is positioned within the range 246), it can be determined that at least one anchor connection is intact or not broken, and no operation of the switching device 212 occurs.

[0125] On the other hand, if the position data of the offshore structure 200 is outside or does not fit within the acceptable position range (in which case the floating offshore structure 200 is outside the range 246, e.g., at position X), an event or parameter may be detected that indicates that at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) broken or disconnected (or is likely to break imminently).

[0126] As described, the position evaluation module 242 is specifically configured to continuously compare the detected position or detected position data with an acceptable position range, and if the detected position or detected position data of the floating offshore structure 200 is determined to be outside the acceptable position range, the switching device 212 can preferably be immediately activated or triggered in the described manner.

[0127] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure 300 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previously shown embodiments will be described below. Otherwise, reference is made to the description of Figures 1 and / or 2. In particular, it is noted that certain details, such as subsea power cable connectors, subsea power cables, etc., have been omitted for the sake of overview. Also, for ease of reference, only one mooring mechanism 320 is shown as an example. It will be understood that more than one mooring mechanism may be provided.

[0128] The floating offshore structure 300 includes a detection mechanism 308. In this example, the detection mechanism 308 includes an electric sensor device 351 and an electric evaluation module 354. Specifically, the electric sensor device 351 includes a generator 350 and a measurement module 352.

[0129] In this example, an anchor chain 322 is provided as the anchor connection part 322. In a variant of the present application, an anchor rope can also be provided as the anchor connection part.

[0130] Furthermore, in this embodiment, an electric sensor mechanism 348 is provided, which may be formed by an electric sensor device 351 and at least one (measuring) conductor 356. The floating offshore structure 300 may include at least one electric sensor mechanism 348 and / or at least one mooring mechanism 320.

[0131] The electrical sensor mechanism 348 includes at least one electrical conductor 356. The electrical conductor 356 can be guided at least partially along the anchor connection portion 322. As can be seen from FIG. 3 , in this example, the electrical conductor 356 is guided along the entire length of the anchor connection portion 322, i.e., from a first end of the anchor connection portion 322 connected to the anchor connector 314 to the other end of the anchor connection portion 322 connected to the anchor 324. Specifically, for this purpose, a plurality of eyelets 358 can be disposed on the anchor connection portion 322. The electrical conductor 356 can be guided through the eyelets 356; for example, a first end of the electrical conductor 356 can be connected to the detection mechanism 308, and the other end of the electrical conductor can be connected to the anchor 324. Specifically, the other end of the electrical conductor 356 can extend into the anchor 324 so that if the electrical conductor 356 breaks from the anchor, a portion of the electrical conductor 356 always remains within the anchor 324.

[0132] The electrical conductor 356 may have an insulator in the form of a protective layer, specifically a forward line and a return line electrically isolated from each other. A first end of the forward line may be connected to the generator 350, and the other end in the region of the other or lower end of the electrical conductor 356 may be connected to the other end of the return line, which in turn may be connected to the generator 350, specifically forming a closed circuit. Furthermore, a measurement module 352 may be coupled to the first ends of the forward line and the return line to measure applied electrical parameters.

[0133] Specifically, generator 350 is configured to apply a particular voltage and / or current to electrical conductor 356. For example, a particular voltage can be applied to the forward line and the return line. Specifically, measurement module 352 is configured to detect, and specifically measure, at least one electrical parameter (e.g., voltage, current, magnetic field, electric field present in electrical conductor 356). For example, measurement module 352 can measure current.

[0134] Specifically, when anchor connection 322 breaks, electrical conductor 356 also breaks. Specifically, the break in electrical conductor 356 causes a measurable change in an electrical parameter present in electrical conductor 356. Specifically, an acceptable electrical parameter range may be predetermined, which may vary depending on, among other things, the (predetermined) applied electrical parameter, the resistance of electrical conductor 356, and / or the length of electrical conductor 356.

[0135] In particular, the acceptable electrical parameter range defines a parameter range within which at least one anchor connection 322 is considered to be intact or undamaged. In particular, at least one electrical limit parameter value may be predetermined.

[0136] As long as the detected electrical parameter value of the at least one detected electrical parameter is within an acceptable parameter range, e.g., does not exceed (or is below) a limit parameter value, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection 322 is intact. On the other hand, if the at least one detected electrical parameter value is outside the acceptable parameter range, e.g., if the detected electrical parameter value exceeds (or is below) a limit parameter value, an event or parameter may be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection 322 is (potentially or actually) damaged or disconnected (or is about to be damaged). The switching device 312 may then be activated in the manner described above.

[0137] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure 400 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previously shown embodiments will be described below. Otherwise, reference is made to the description of Figures 1, 2 and / or 3. In particular, it is noted that certain details, such as subsea power cable connectors, subsea power cables, etc., have been omitted for the sake of overview. Also, for ease of reference, only one mooring mechanism 420 is shown as an example. It will be understood that more than one mooring mechanism may be provided.

[0138] Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, instead of an electrical sensor device as in FIG. 3, an optical sensor device 461 is provided as the anchor connection structure sensor.

[0139] The optical sensor arrangement 461 comprises a measurement signal generator 464 and a measurement module 466. In addition to the optical sensor arrangement 461, the detection mechanism 408 comprises an optical evaluation module 468.

[0140] Furthermore, at least one anchor connection 422 is formed as an anchor rope 422. Here, a light conductor 462 in the form of a light guide 462 is incorporated into the anchor rope 422. As can be seen, in the preferred embodiment shown, the optical fiber 462 extends from a first end of the anchor rope 422 attached to the anchor connector 414 to the other end of the anchor rope 422 attached to the anchor 424. Specifically, the first end of the light guide may be coupled to a sensor device 461. The sensor device 461 and the light guide 462 may form an optical sensor mechanism. The other end of the light guide 462 may be attached to the anchor 424. Specifically, the other end of the light guide 462 may extend into the anchor 424 so that if the optical fiber 462 breaks and becomes detached from the anchor 424, a portion of the optical fiber 462 will always remain within the anchor 424.

[0141] The measurement signal generator 464 is here configured to couple an optical measurement signal to at least one light conductor 462 of the anchor connection 422 to be monitored. The light measurement module 466 is here configured to receive and, in particular, evaluate a sensor signal generated in response to the optical measurement signal of the light conductor 462. In particular, the evaluation can be based on the measurement signal and the sensor signal that caused the measurement signal to determine whether the anchor connection 422 is broken.

[0142] The illustrated optical evaluation module 468 is configured to detect a broken anchor connection 422 based on at least one detected optical parameter and at least one predetermined acceptable optical parameter range.

[0143] In this example, the optical sensor device 461 is specifically operated according to the OTDR method. For example, the measurement signal generator 464 can couple at least one optical pulse, specifically a laser pulse (e.g., having a duration of 3 ns to 20 μs), into the light conductor 462 as a measurement signal. Specifically, the measurement module 466 can measure the backscattered light as a sensor signal over time. The time dependence of the sensor signal can, for example, be converted into a position dependence, so that a spatially resolved measurement of the state of the mechanical structure of the anchor connection 422 can be performed (e.g., based on vibration data, audio data, etc. obtained from the measurement signal). The (continuously) detected optical parameter is specifically the sensor signal, which can be, for example, a detected reflection parameter, such as a backscattered light parameter or a parameter determined therefrom.

[0144] Light conductor 462 is attached to, and specifically configured for, anchor connection 422 such that if anchor connection 422 breaks, light conductor 462 also breaks. Breaking or disconnection of light conductor 462 causes a detectable change in at least one sensed optical parameter. Specifically, breakage of light conductor 462 causes a change in the sensed optical parameter such that the sensed optical parameter (value) is no longer within a predetermined acceptable optical parameter range.

[0145] In particular, the acceptable optical parameter range defines a parameter range within which at least one anchor connection 422 is intact or undamaged. In particular, at least one optical limit parameter value may be predetermined.

[0146] As long as the detected optical parameter value of at least one detected optical parameter is within an acceptable parameter range, i.e., specifically, does not exceed (or is below) an optical limit parameter value, it can be assumed that at least one anchor connection is intact or not damaged. On the other hand, if at least one detected optical parameter value is outside the acceptable parameter range, e.g., if the optical limit parameter value is exceeded (or is below), it can be assumed or such an event can be detected that at least one anchor connection 422 is (potentially or actually) damaged or disconnected (or is at high risk of immediate damage). Switching device 412 can then be activated in the manner described above.

[0147] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a floating offshore structure 500 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previously shown embodiments will be described below. Otherwise, reference is made to the description of Figures 1, 2, 3 and / or 4. In particular, it is noted that certain details such as subsea power cable connectors, subsea power cables, etc. have been omitted for the sake of overview. Also, for ease of reference, only one mooring mechanism 520 is shown as an example. It will be understood that more than one mooring mechanism may be provided.

[0148] Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the anchor connection structure sensor is a mechanical sensor device 575 instead of an electrical sensor device as in Figure 3 or an optical sensor device as in Figure 4. In variations of the present application, multiple different sensor devices can be provided.

[0149] In this example, the anchor connection 522 is a combination of an anchor chain 522.1 and an anchor rope 522.2. According to the preferred embodiment shown, e.g., using eyelets as guiding elements, a measuring rope 572 is guided along the entire length of the anchor connection 522. A first end can be coupled to a mechanical sensor device 575. The sensor device 575 and the measuring rope 572 can form a mechanical sensor mechanism. The other end of the sensing cable 572 can be attached to the anchor 524.

[0150] In this example, the mechanical sensor device 575 is formed in particular by a mechanical sensor 576 coupled to the measuring rope 572. In particular, the mechanical sensor 576 is configured to detect at least one mechanical parameter of the measuring rope 572.

[0151] In this embodiment, the detection mechanism 508 further comprises at least one mechanical evaluation module 574. The mechanical evaluation module 574 can be configured to detect a broken anchor connection 522 based on at least one detected mechanical parameter and at least one predetermined acceptable mechanical parameter range.

[0152] The measuring rope 572 can be attached to the anchor connection 522 in such a way that if the anchor connection 522 breaks, the measuring rope 572 will also break. Prior to a break or severance of the measuring rope 572, the tension in the measuring rope detectable by the mechanical sensor 576 and / or the distance traveled by the measuring rope 572 detectable by the mechanical sensor 576 may be altered, particularly by the broken anchor connection 522, which can be detected by the mechanical sensor 576 and evaluated by the mechanical evaluation module 574. In particular, the break in the anchor connection 522 causes a change in the detected machine parameter such that the detected machine parameter (value) no longer falls within a predetermined acceptable optical parameter range.

[0153] Specifically, the allowable mechanical parameter range defines a parameter range (e.g., maximum allowable stress range, maximum allowable movement range, etc.) within which at least one anchor connection 522 remains intact or undamaged. Specifically, at least one mechanical limit parameter value (e.g., stress limit value, movement distance limit value) may be defined.

[0154] As long as the detected machine parameter value of the at least one detected machine parameter is within an acceptable parameter range, i.e., specifically, a limit parameter value is not exceeded (or below), it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection 522 is intact or not damaged. On the other hand, if the at least one detected machine parameter value is outside the acceptable parameter range, i.e., for example, if a limit parameter value is exceeded (or below), an event or parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection 522 is (potentially or actually) damaged or disconnected (or is at high risk of immediate damage). At that time, the switching device 512 can preferably be immediately activated, as described above.

[0155] The described embodiments of Figures 2 to 5 can be combined with one another. For example, the embodiment of Figure 2 can be combined with the embodiments of Figures 3 to 5. In this way, for example, indications of anchor connection failure, in particular a broken anchor connection, can be reliably detected even in the case of a faulty position sensor or a faulty anchor connection structural sensor. Also, in a variant of the present application, a further (not shown) mechanical sensor can be arranged (directly) on the anchor connection, in particular integrated therein, and can be configured to detect at least one further mechanical parameter of the anchor connection, such as the load acting on the anchor connection (e.g., a retaining bolt of the anchor connection) by the anchor connection. The further mechanical evaluation module can be configured to detect indications of anchor connection failure based on the at least one further detected mechanical parameter and in particular on at least one further predetermined allowable mechanical parameter range.

[0156] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating power generation system 684 according to the present application.

[0157] To avoid repetition, only the differences from the previously described embodiments are described below. Otherwise, reference is made to the description of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and / or 5. In particular, it is noted that certain details have been omitted for the sake of overview. In particular, anchor connection failure detection can be performed in accordance with the description of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and / or 5.

[0158] The power generation system 684 comprises at least one floating offshore structure 600.1 having a switching device 612 according to the present disclosure and a detection mechanism 608 according to the present disclosure (see specifically Figures 1 to 5).

[0159] Furthermore, the power generation system 684 comprises at least one subsea power cable 616 as described above and at least one further structure 600.2 electrically connected to the floating offshore structure 600.1 via the subsea power cable 616. In this example, the further structure 600.2 is formed as a further floating offshore structure 600.2 formed to be substantially identical to the first floating offshore structure 600.1.

[0160] The switching devices 612 of the floating offshore structures 600.1, 600.2 in addition to at least one switching module 610 specifically comprise a receiving module 680. The receiving module 680 is specifically connected to the (optical) communication conductor of at least one connected subsea power cable 616, preferably to all subsea power cables 616 connected to the respective floating offshore structures 600.1, 600.2. In other variants of the present application, a receiving module operable wirelessly (e.g. a radio module) can alternatively or additionally be provided.

[0161] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the floating offshore structures 600.1, 600.2 are equipped with a communication device 682. Preferably, the communication device 682 may be coupled to the detection mechanism 608. Preferably, additionally, the communication device 682 may be coupled to an (optical) communication conductor of at least one connected subsea power cable 616, preferably to all subsea power cables 616 connected to the floating offshore structures 600.1, 600.2. In other variants of the present application, a communication device operable wirelessly (e.g., a radio module) may alternatively or additionally be provided.

[0162] In a variant of the present application, the receiving module can be integrated into the communication device.

[0163] An exemplary method of operation is described in more detail below with the aid of Figure 7. Figure 7 shows a diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the present application.

[0164] Essentially, the status of at least one anchor connection can be continuously monitored by the detection mechanism according to the present application. Specifically, it can be continuously checked whether at least one detected parameter (e.g., geographical position, electrical parameter, optical parameter, and / or mechanical parameter) satisfies at least one allowed parameter range (e.g., position range, electrical parameter range, optical parameter range, and / or mechanical parameter range). Specifically, continuously detected parameter values ​​of the at least one parameter can be continuously compared with at least one allowed parameter range to determine whether the parameter value is within the allowed parameter range.

[0165] In step 701, detection of an indication of anchor connection failure is performed by the detection mechanism of the first floating offshore structure, specifically based on a determination that the detected parameters do not meet, specifically are outside, the acceptable parameter range.

[0166] Optionally, in step 702, upon or immediately after detecting an indication of anchor connection failure, a warning message may be sent by the communication device of the first floating offshore structure so that at least one further structure connected to the first floating offshore structure via a subsea power cable is de-energized.

[0167] The warning message may include an instruction to electrically disconnect the connection to the subsea power cable. The further structure may for example be a further floating offshore structure, as shown in Figure 6. Preferably, the communication device may be configured to transmit the warning message via the (optical) communication conductor of the subsea power cable so that it is de-energized.

[0168] Then, in step 703, after or upon (immediately) detection of an indication of anchor connection failure and / or after (immediately) transmission of a warning message, an electrical disconnection of at least the electrical connections to the subsea power cables is performed by the switching device, in particular all subsea power cables connected to the offshore structure are de-energized, in particular by load break switches of the switching device.

[0169] In optional step 704, the transmitted warning message is received by a receiving module of a switching device of the further structure.

[0170] In optional step 705, at least an electrical connection to a subsea power cable electrically connecting the further structure to the first floating offshore structure is electrically disconnected by a switching device on the further structure.

Claims

1. at least one subsea power cable connector (106, 606) configured to connect a subsea power cable (116, 616); at least one anchor connector (114, 314, 414, 514, 614) configured to connect at least one anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622) for mooring the floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) to the waterbed; A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprising: The floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) further comprises: at least one detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure; at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) configured to at least electrically disconnect an electrical connection to said subsea power cable (116, 616) connected to said subsea power cable connector (106, 606) upon or after said detection of an indication of anchor connection failure (122, 322, 422, 522, 622); A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprising:

2. - said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises a foundation (104, 204, 304, 404, 504, 604) having at least one floating body (132); - said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one device (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602) arranged on said foundation and having said subsea power cable connector (106, 606); said device (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602) is in particular a power generation device (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602) 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

3. - said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one position sensor (240) configured to detect the position of said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600); said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one position assessment module (242) configured to detect an indication of a failure of said anchor connection based on the detected position and a predetermined range of acceptable positions; A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. - said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one anchor connection structure sensor configured to detect at least one anchor connection structure parameter of said anchor connection; said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one anchor connection structural evaluation module configured to detect an indication of said anchor connection failure based on at least one detected anchor connection structural parameter and at least one predetermined acceptable anchor connection structural parameter range; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

5. said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one electrical sensor device (351) configured to detect at least one electrical parameter of an electrical conductor (356) guided at least partially along said anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622); said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one electrical evaluation module (354) configured to detect an indication of a failure of said anchor connection based on at least one detected electrical parameter and at least one predetermined tolerance parameter range; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

6. said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one optical sensor device (461) configured to detect at least one optical parameter of an optical waveguide (462) guided at least partially along said anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622); said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one optical evaluation module (468) configured to detect an indication of failure of said anchor connection based on at least one detected optical parameter and at least one predetermined acceptable optical parameter range; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

7. said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one mechanical sensor device (575) configured to detect at least one mechanical parameter of a measuring rope (572) guided at least partially along said anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622); said detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one mechanical evaluation module (574) configured to detect an indication of said anchor connection failure based on at least one detected mechanical parameter and at least one predetermined acceptable mechanical parameter range; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

8. the floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634) arranged between the detection mechanism and the switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612); said at least one interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634) is an analog interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634), and / or a digital interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634), and / or a mechanical interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634); 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

9. said switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) comprises at least one load break switch; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

10. said switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) is configured to mechanically disconnect said subsea power cable (116, 616); 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

11. said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one communication device (682) configured to transmit a warning message to at least one further structure (600.2) connected to said offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) via said subsea power cable (116, 616) upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure; - said warning message includes an instruction to electrically disconnect the electrical connection to said subsea power cable (116, 616) at said further structure (600.2); 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

12. said switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) comprises at least one receiving module (680) configured to receive at least one warning message comprising a command to electrically disconnect said subsea power cable (116, 616); said switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) is configured to at least electrically disconnect an electrical connection to said connected subsea power cable (116, 616) upon receipt of said warning message; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

13. said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one activation mechanism configured to activate at least one consumer and / or at least one energy source upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure; said at least one consumer is an actuator for closing a door and / or an actuator for interrupting the flow of a fluid and / or a light source; and / or - the at least one energy source is a battery and / or a fuel-powered generator; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

14. said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one deactivation mechanism configured to deactivate at least one consumer and / or at least one energy source upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure; said at least one consumer is at least one component of an electrolysis system, and / or said at least one energy source is a wind turbine and / or a photovoltaic system; 2. A floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1.

15. - at least one floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to claim 1, at least one subsea power cable (116, 616); at least one further structure (600.2) electrically connected to said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) via said subsea power cable (116, 616); A power generation system (684) comprising:

16. - detecting, by at least one detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608), indications of anchor connection failure; electrically disconnecting, by at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612), the electrical connection to the subsea power cable (116, 616) connected to the subsea power cable connector (106, 606) of the offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) upon or after detecting an indication of anchor connection failure; A method comprising:

17. 1. Use of a detection mechanism (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) configured to detect an indication of anchor connection failure, and at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) configured to at least electrically disconnect an electrical connection to a subsea power cable connected to a subsea power cable connector of a floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) upon or after detection of an indication of anchor connection failure in said floating offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600).

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