Shear walls and structures

Abstract

To improve toughness of a bearing wall so that even a relatively large wooden building can maintain sufficient earthquake resistance, make it hard to occur breakage even when being subjected to a large external force, and make it easy to be repaired at low cost even when breakage occurs.SOLUTION: A connection part 4 for connecting a first frame bar 2 and a second frame bar 3 that are adjacent to each other has a main body fitting 40, a rod-like first coupling member 41, and a rod-like second coupling member 42 on a bearing wall 1. A moment resistance joint, which resists an external force when the first frame bar 2 is subjected to the external force, is applied to a junction of the first coupling member 41 to the first frame bar 2. A moment resistance joint, which resists an external force when the second frame bar 3 is subjected to the external force, is applied to a junction of the second coupling member 42 to the second frame bar 3. Yield point of the first coupling member 41 is set to be lower than yield point of the second coupling member 42.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a load-bearing wall and a load-bearing structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In wooden buildings, load-bearing walls are installed to meet the required wall volume in order to resist horizontal loads during earthquakes and typhoons. Such shear walls are constructed by placing braces across the openings between adjacent pillars, or by attaching structural plywood to cover the entire opening between adjacent pillars (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-293367 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In recent years, there has been a demand for using load-bearing walls in the construction of relatively large wooden buildings, such as medium- and high-rise wooden buildings and wooden buildings with large total floor area. However, even if ordinary bearing walls, such as those used in small wooden detached houses, are applied to relatively large wooden buildings, the toughness, which is the property required for durability, may not be sufficient, making it difficult to maintain earthquake resistance.

[0005] Furthermore, if a load-bearing wall is damaged, for example, by an earthquake, it will need to be repaired. However, even when viewed from the surface, it is difficult to determine the areas that need repair, and even if only a small portion is damaged, in some cases it may be necessary to repair the entire load-bearing wall or even replace the load-bearing wall itself.

[0006] The present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its objective is to improve the toughness of bearing walls, so that even relatively large wooden buildings can maintain sufficient earthquake resistance, and further, to make them less likely to break even when subjected to large external forces, and even if they do break, to make them easy and inexpensive to repair. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The invention described in claim 1 includes, as shown in, for example, Figs. 1 to 7, a first frame member 2 adjacent to each other with a gap therebetween; a second frame member 3 disposed between the adjacent first frame members 2; and a connecting portion 4 that connects the first frame member 2 and the second frame member 3, The connecting portion 4 is a main frame metal member 40 provided between both ends of the adjacent first frame member 2 and second frame member 3; a rod-shaped first connecting member 41 that connects the first frame member 2 and the main metal member 40; and a rod-shaped second connecting member 42 that connects the second frame member 3 and the main metal member 40, A moment-resisting joint is applied to the joint of the first connecting member 41 to the first frame member 2, which resists an external force when the first frame member 2 is subjected to the external force; A moment-resisting joint is applied to the joint of the second connecting member 42 to the second frame member 3, which resists an external force when the second frame member 3 is subjected to the external force; The yield point of the first connecting member 41 is set lower than the yield point of the second connecting member 42 .

[0008] According to the invention described in claim 1, a moment-resisting joint is applied to the joint of the first connecting member 41 to the first frame member 2, which resists an external force when the first frame member 2 is subjected to the external force, and therefore the vicinity of the joint of the first connecting member 41 to the first frame member 2 is in a state of high toughness. This improves the toughness of the bearing wall 1, and so if such a bearing wall 1 is incorporated, sufficient earthquake resistance can be maintained even in a relatively large wooden building. Furthermore, because the yield point of the first connecting member 41 is set lower than the yield point of the second connecting member 42, the first connecting member 41 is more susceptible to plastic deformation than the second connecting member 42. Therefore, when a large external force is applied to the shear wall 1 due to, for example, an earthquake, the first connecting member 41 undergoes plastic deformation before the second connecting member 42. However, because the first connecting member 41 remains tenacious even after undergoing plastic deformation, deformation and damage to other components, including the second connecting member 42, are less likely to occur. Moreover, even if a large external force is applied to the shear wall 1 due to an earthquake or the like, if the damage can be limited to the first connecting member 41, repair of the shear wall 1 can be achieved by simply replacing the first connecting member 41, which means that even if damage does occur, repairs can be made easily and inexpensively.

[0009] The invention described in claim 2 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and Figs. 5 to 7, in the bearing wall 1 described in claim 1, The end of the second frame member 3 is disposed in the vertical center of the main metal member 40 and connected by the second connecting member 42, The first connecting member 41 is characterized in that it connects the upper and lower ends of the main metal body 40 to the first frame member 2.

[0010] According to the invention described in claim 2, the end of the second frame member 3 is positioned in the vertical center of the main metal fittings 40 and is connected by the second connecting members 42, and the first connecting members 41 connect the upper and lower ends of the main metal fittings 40 to the first frame member 2, so that with the second frame member 3 and the main metal fittings 40 provided at both ends of this second frame member 3 connected in advance by a plurality of second connecting members 42, the upper and lower ends of the main metal fittings 40 can be reliably connected to the first frame member 2 by the first connecting members 41. As a result, the second frame member 3 and both main metal fittings 40 can be formed in advance as a single member formed into a substantially I-shape, and can be handled as a single member during transportation and on site, improving workability.

[0011] The invention described in claim 3 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and Figs. 5 to 7, in the bearing wall 1 described in claim 2, The second connecting member 42 is characterized in that it connects the upper end side and lower end side at both ends of the second frame member 3 to the main metal member 40.

[0012] According to the invention described in claim 3, the second connecting member 42 connects the upper and lower end sides at both ends of the second frame member 3 to the main metal fittings 40, so that the second frame member 3 can be reliably joined to the main metal fittings 40 at both ends in a moment-resisting manner.

[0013] The invention described in claim 4 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 1 to 7, in the bearing wall 1 described in any one of claims 1 to 3, The present invention is characterized in that it further comprises a panel material 5 that is disposed between the adjacent first frame materials 2 and that contacts the second frame material 3.

[0014] According to the invention described in claim 4, the wall further includes a panel material 5 arranged between adjacent first frame materials 2 and in contact with the second frame material 3, thereby improving the strength of the shear wall 1 by using the panel material 5.

[0015] The invention described in claim 5 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and Figs. 5 to 7, in the bearing wall 1 described in claim 4, A feature of this structure is that an anti-slip material 6 is interposed between the adjacent first frame material 2 and panel material 5, and contacts the upper and lower side end faces of the main metal fittings 40.

[0016] According to the invention described in claim 5, anti-slip materials 6 that come into contact with the vertical side end faces of the main metal fittings 40 are interposed between adjacent first frame members 2 and panel members 5, and the anti-slip materials 6 come into contact with the vertical side end faces of the main metal fittings 40, thereby preventing vertical sliding and rotation of the main metal fittings 40. As a result, when a large external force is applied to the bearing wall 1, unnecessary force due to the movement of the main metal fittings 40 is less likely to be applied to the first connecting members 41 and second connecting members 42, and therefore the first connecting members 41 can be deformed before the second connecting members 42 as calculated.

[0017] The invention described in claim 6 is a load-bearing structure 10 configured by orthogonally arranging the load-bearing walls 1 described in any one of claims 1 to 5 via a corner portion C in a plan view, as shown in, for example, Figs. 5 to 7, the first frame member 2 includes a first frame member 2 arranged at the corner portion C and a plurality of first frame members 2 adjacent to the first frame member 2 at the corner portion C at intervals, the second frame members 3 include a plurality of second frame members 3 arranged between the first frame member 2 at the corner portion C and the plurality of adjacent first frame members 2, The plurality of second frame members 3 are characterized in that they are arranged in a positional relationship in which they are displaced in the vertical direction and their extension lines intersect at the corner portions C.

[0018] According to the invention of claim 6, the second frame members 3 arranged between the first frame member 2 at the corner C and the adjacent first frame members 2 are arranged with their positions shifted in the vertical direction and in a positional relationship in which their extension lines intersect at the corner C, so that the second frame members 3 can be arranged with their positions close to each other in the vertical direction. Therefore, compared to when the second frame members 3 are arranged with their positions shifted significantly in the vertical direction, for example, this can contribute to maintaining a good strength balance of the entire load-bearing structure 10.

[0019] The invention described in claim 7 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 5 to 7, in the load-bearing structure 10 described in claim 6, Of the main body metal fittings 40 located at both ends of the plurality of second frame members 3, the main body metal fittings 40 on the corner portion C side are vertically shifted in position and are arranged in a positional relationship in which their extension lines intersect at the corner portion C, A feature of this structure is that, of the main body metal fittings 40 adjacent to each other via the first frame material 2 arranged at the corner portion C, the vertical center of one main body metal fitting 40 and the upper end or lower end of the other main body metal fitting 40 are at the same height position.

[0020] According to the invention described in claim 7, of the main body metal fittings 40 adjacent to each other via the first frame material 2 arranged at the corner portion C, the vertical center of one main body metal fitting 40 and the upper end or lower end of the other main body metal fitting 40 are at the same height position, so that multiple second frame materials 3 can be arranged with their vertical positions close together, which contributes to maintaining an even better strength balance of the entire load-bearing structure 10.

[0021] The invention described in claim 8 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 5 to 7, in the load-bearing structure 10 described in claim 6 or 7, The structure further includes a panel material (5) disposed between the adjacent first frame members (2) and in contact with the second frame member (3), The panel material 5 has a plurality of panel materials 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) whose vertical dimensions vary depending on the height positions of the plurality of second frame materials 3, and which are arranged adjacent to each other in the vertical direction with the second frame material 3 sandwiched between them for each of the load-bearing walls 1, Of the shear walls 1 arranged orthogonally through the corner portion C, the arrangement of the plurality of panel materials 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) in one shear wall 1 is upside down relative to the arrangement of the plurality of panel materials 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) in the other shear wall 1.

[0022] According to the invention described in claim 8, among the shear walls 1 arranged orthogonally through the corner portion C, the arrangement of multiple panel materials 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) with different vertical dimensions in one shear wall 1 and the arrangement of multiple panel materials 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) with different vertical dimensions in the other shear wall 1 are inverted upside down.Therefore, the multiple second frame materials 3 arranged between the first frame material 2 at the corner portion C and the multiple adjacent first frame materials 2 and adjacent to each other through the corner portion C can be arranged with their vertical positions close to each other, which contributes to maintaining an even better strength balance of the entire shear structure 10. [Effects of the Invention]

[0023] According to the present invention, the toughness of the bearing walls is improved, and even a relatively large wooden building can maintain sufficient earthquake resistance. Furthermore, even if a large external force is applied, the walls are less likely to break, and even if they do break, they can be repaired easily and inexpensively. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a load-bearing wall. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a view showing the main metal part at the connecting portion. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of installation of the second connecting member. [Figure 4] FIG. [Figure 5]FIG. 1 is a front view showing a beam-column structure equipped with a load-bearing structure. [Figure 6] FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the lower end of the load-bearing structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below are subject to various limitations that are technically preferable for implementing the present invention, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples. Note that the directions in the following embodiments and illustrated examples are set solely for the convenience of explanation.

[0026] First Embodiment First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0027] In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a shear wall. This shear wall 1 is primarily used in the construction of relatively large wooden buildings, such as mid-rise and high-rise wooden buildings and wooden buildings with a large total floor area. In addition to these relatively large wooden buildings, it may also be used in relatively small wooden buildings, such as detached houses, or may be employed during building renovations. Furthermore, the shear wall 1 may be used in buildings constructed using a wooden frame construction method, as well as buildings constructed using a panel construction method, and may also be used in mixed-structure buildings that combine wooden and non-wooden construction.

[0028] Furthermore, when such a bearing wall 1 is incorporated into a building, the bearing wall 1 is erected on lower structural materials such as foundations, beams, bases, and floors, and upper structural materials such as beams, floors, and walls (including bearing walls) of the upper floors are placed on top. In other words, the bearing wall 1 is sandwiched between the lower structural materials and the upper structural materials.

[0029] Furthermore, the bearing wall 1 is joined to the lower and upper structural members by rods 2b such as steel bars, bolts, long bolts, etc. That is, the bearing wall 1 is formed with insertion holes 2c into which one end of the rod is inserted, and the lower and upper structural members are also formed with insertion holes into which the other ends of the rod are inserted. As the bar material 2b, a long bar material 2b having an uneven surface, such as a deformed steel bar or a fully threaded bolt, is preferably used. Furthermore, a method called glued-in rod (GIR) is used to join the bearing wall 1 to the substructure and superstructure using the rods 2b. This method involves filling adhesive into the gaps between the rods 2b and the insertion holes 2c on the bearing wall 1 side, and the gaps between the rods 2b and the insertion holes on the substructure and superstructure sides, and as the adhesive hardens, stress is transmitted via the adhesive force of the adhesive and the rods 2b, generating joint strength. In other words, there are gaps between the rods 2b and each insertion hole 2c, and without adhesive, the rods 2b are not joined to the bearing wall 1 side or the substructure and superstructure sides. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned glued-in rod method is used to join the load-bearing wall 1 to the lower structural material and the upper structural material using the rod material 2b, but other methods may also be used, such as using metal fittings for joining.

[0030] The above-described load-bearing wall 1 comprises first frame members 2 adjacent to each other with a gap therebetween, second frame members 3 arranged between the adjacent first frame members 2, connecting portions 4 connecting the first frame members 2 and the second frame members 3, and panel members 5 arranged between the adjacent first frame members 2 and in contact with the second frame members 3.

[0031] The first frame members 2 are structural laminated timbers that are longer in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction (lateral and left-right directions), and are formed in a square shape in a plan cross section. In this embodiment, structural laminated timbers are used as the first frame members 2, but they may also be ordinary square timbers or pillar materials made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). In other words, the first frame members 2 are wooden pillar-like members. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape may be rectangular rather than square.

[0032] The first frame member 2 has a plurality of connection insertion holes 2a formed therethrough in the left-right direction, into which first connection members 41 (described later) of the connection portion 4 are inserted. More specifically, the multiple connecting insertion holes 2a are formed penetrating from mutually opposing side surfaces (hereinafter referred to as inner side surfaces 2d) of adjacent first frame members 2 to mutually parallel, non-opposing side surfaces (hereinafter referred to as outer side surfaces 2e) of adjacent first frame members 2 opposite the inner side surfaces 2d. Furthermore, the multiple connecting insertion holes 2a are formed corresponding to the positions of the upper and lower ends of main metal fittings 40 (described later) in the connecting portion 4, and multiple (three in this embodiment) are formed side by side in the thickness direction of the bearing wall 1.

[0033] In addition, the outer surface 2e of the first frame member 2 is formed with a plurality of recesses 2f into which rectangular washers 41c (described later) provided as a set with the first connecting member 41 in the connecting portion 4 are fitted.

[0034] The second frame members 3 are horizontal members arranged between adjacent first frame members 2, and are made of structural laminated timber that is longer in the horizontal direction (horizontal / left-right direction) than in the vertical direction, and are formed into a rectangular shape in a plan cross section. In this embodiment, structural laminated timber is used as the second frame members 3, but ordinary square timbers or, for example, second frame members 3 made of LVL may also be used. In other words, the second frame members 3 are wooden beam-like members. Furthermore, the cross section shape may be square rather than rectangular. A plurality of second frame members 3 are provided between adjacent first frame members 2 at intervals in the vertical direction.

[0035] At both end portions of the second frame member 3, a plurality of connection insertion holes 3a are formed in the left-right direction, into which second connection members 42 (described later) of the connection portion 4 are inserted. More specifically, the multiple connecting insertion holes 3a are formed without penetrating from both longitudinal end faces of the second frame member 3 toward the center. Furthermore, multiple connecting insertion holes 3a are formed on each of the upper end and lower end sides of both longitudinal end faces of the second frame member 3. The multiple connecting insertion holes 3a on each of the upper end and lower end sides are formed in two rows, one above the other, and multiple (three in this embodiment) connecting insertion holes 3a are lined up in the thickness direction of the shear wall 1. In other words, in this embodiment, six connecting insertion holes 3a are formed on each of the upper end and lower end sides of both longitudinal end faces of the second frame member 3.

[0036] The connecting portion 4 has a main metal member 40 arranged between both end portions of adjacent first frame material 2 and second frame material 3, a rod-shaped first connecting material 41 connecting the first frame material 2 and main metal member 40, and a rod-shaped second connecting material 42 connecting the second frame material 3 and main metal member 40. That is, since the connecting portions 4 are provided at both ends of the second frame member 3, two sets of connecting portions 4 are provided for one second frame member 3.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2, the main metal piece 40 is a rectangular metal plate with multiple through holes formed in it, and the multiple through holes include multiple screw holes 40a, multiple first holes 40b, and multiple second holes 40c. The front and back surfaces of the main metal member 40 are not flush with the front and back surfaces of the second frame member 3, but protrude slightly toward the front and back surfaces.

[0038] The plurality of screw holes 40a are through holes through which screws (not shown) for temporarily fixing the main metal member 40 to both ends of the second frame material 3 are passed. The screw holes 40a have a hole portion with a diameter that allows the shaft of the screw to pass through but not the head, and a hole portion with a diameter that allows the head of the screw to pass through. The screws are driven from the outer surface of the main metal member 40 (the side surface of the first frame member 2) toward the longitudinal end surface of the second frame member 3.

[0039] The multiple first holes 40b are through holes through which the first connecting members 41 of the connecting portion 4 are passed. Therefore, the main metal member 40 has the same number of first holes 40b as the number of first connecting members 41 formed therein. The first hole 40b has a hole portion with a diameter that allows the main shaft of the first connecting member 41, which is a bolt, to pass through but not the head 41a, and a hole portion with a diameter that allows the head 41a of the first connecting member 41 to pass through. The first connecting member 41 is provided from the inner surface of the main hardware 40 (the side surface of the second frame member 3) toward the inner surface 2d of the first frame member 2.

[0040] The second holes 40c are through holes through which the second connecting members 42 of the connecting portion 4 are passed. Therefore, the main metal member 40 has the same number of second holes 40c as the number of second connecting members 42 formed therein. The second hole 40c has a hole portion with a diameter that allows the main shaft of the second connecting member 42, which is a bolt, to pass through but not the nut 42a, and a hole portion with a diameter that allows the nut 42a of the second connecting member 42 to pass through. The second connecting member 42 is provided from the outer surface of the main hardware 40 (the side surface of the first frame member 2) toward the longitudinal side end surface of the second frame member 3.

[0041] The first connecting member 41 is a bolt having a main shaft with a male thread formed on the outer surface of the tip thereof and a head 41a with a diameter larger than that of the main shaft. The first connecting member 41 is used as a set with a nut 41b and a washer 41c. The washer 41c is fitted into a recess 2f formed in the first frame member 2. The washer 41c, the first frame material 2, and the main hardware 40 are sandwiched between the head 41a and nut 41b of the first connecting material 41. In this embodiment, the head 41a is located on the washer 41c side, and the nut 41b is located on the main hardware 40 side. The tip of the main shaft of the first connecting material 41 is placed in the first hole 40b of the main hardware 40, and the nut 41b is also screwed into the tip of the main shaft of the first connecting material 41 and placed in the first hole 40b of the main hardware 40. In this embodiment, the nut 41b is provided in the first hole 40b of the main metal body 40 in a welded state.

[0042] The portion of the first connecting member 41 that is inserted into the connecting insertion hole 2a in the first frame member 2 simply passes through the connecting insertion hole 2a, and is joined to the first frame member 2 by tightening the nut 41b around the main body shaft. In other words, the first connecting member 41 functions as a so-called tension bolt. As a result, when an external force is applied to the first frame member 2, the joint between the first connecting member 41 and the first frame member 2 forms a moment-resisting joint that resists the external force. Therefore, the portion of the shear wall 1 near the joint between the first connecting member 41 and the first frame member 2 has high toughness. Here, toughness refers to the property of exhibiting tenacity that prevents a significant loss of wall function even after deformation due to an external force occurs to the bearing wall 1. Such toughness is ensured by the fact that adjacent first frame members 2 are connected to second frame members 3 by connecting parts 4, and that the first connecting members 41 tenaciously hold up even after plastic deformation.

[0043] Furthermore, in this embodiment, as described above, the head 41a is located on the washer 41c side and the nut 41b is located on the main hardware 40 side, but as shown in Figure 3, the head 41a may be located on the main hardware 40 side and the nut 41b may be located on the washer 41c side.

[0044] The second connecting member 42 is a stud bolt without a head, and has a male thread formed on the entire outer surface or on one end thereof. Most of the second connecting member 42 is embedded in the connecting insertion hole 3a formed in the second frame member 3. The second connecting member 42 is used in combination with a nut 42a. One end of the second connecting member 42 (the end that protrudes toward the main metal body 40) is placed in the second hole 40c of the main metal body 40, and the nut 42a is also screwed onto one end of the second connecting member 42 and placed in the second hole 40c of the main metal body 40.

[0045] The portion of the second connecting member 42 that is embedded in the connecting insertion hole 3a in the second frame member 3 is joined to the second frame member 3 using the glue-in rod method described above. More specifically, this method involves filling the gap between the second connecting member 42 and the connecting insertion hole 3a on the second frame member 3 with adhesive, and as the adhesive hardens, stress is transmitted via the adhesive force of the adhesive and the second connecting member 42, generating joint strength. This results in a moment-resisting joint at the joint between the second connecting member 42 and the second frame member 3 that resists external force when the second frame member 3 is subjected to that external force. Therefore, the portion of the shear wall 1 near the joint between the second connecting member 42 and the second frame member 3 is highly rigid. Such rigidity is ensured by the fact that adjacent first frame members 2 are connected to second frame members 3 by connecting portions 4, and second connecting members 42 are joined to second frame members 3 in a moment-resisting manner.

[0046] As shown in Figure 4, the panel material 5 is a hollow architectural wood panel. The architectural wood panel is a hollow panel body having a frame body 50 formed by vertical and horizontal frame members and a face member 51 provided on at least one side of the frame body 50 (in this embodiment, both the front and back sides). Reinforcing bars 52 parallel to the frame members are incorporated inside the frame body 50, and may also be filled with insulating material such as glass wool or rock wool. The reinforcing bars 52 may consist only of reinforcing bars parallel to the vertical frame members, or may include reinforcing bars parallel to the horizontal frame members as in the illustrated example.

[0047] As shown in Fig. 1, the panel material 5, which is such a hollow architectural wooden panel, is installed between the inner surfaces 2d of adjacent first frame materials 2 via anti-slip materials 6. In other words, the panel material 5 is joined to the anti-slip materials 6. Furthermore, the upper end surface or the lower end surface of the panel material 5 is joined to the upper surface or the lower surface of the second frame material 3. Furthermore, the panel material 5 is provided on both the front side and the back side of the bearing wall 1. The front faces of adjacent first frame members 2 and the surface (front face) of the front-side panel material 5 are not flush with each other, and furthermore, the back faces of adjacent first frame members 2 and the surface (back face) of the back-side panel material 5 are not flush with each other either, but this is not a limitation and they may be flush with each other. Note that the front and back faces of the panel material 5 are flush with the front and back faces of the second frame members 3, respectively. Furthermore, the front and rear panel materials 5 are joined together and arranged in close contact with each other, thereby improving the overall rigidity. However, this is not limitative, and the front and rear panel materials 5 may be arranged spaced apart from each other in the front-to-back direction. This creates a gap between the front and rear panel materials 5, resulting in excellent heat insulation and sound insulation.

[0048] According to the panel material 5 of this embodiment, the surface material 51 is bonded to the frame body 50 and integrated, so that the entire part (frame body 50, surface material 51, reinforcing bar material 52) maintains rigidity and strength. Furthermore, since the panel material 5 itself is made of wood, it has a certain degree of toughness, but it may break if the bearing wall 1 is subjected to a strong external force. Just before breaking, the panel material 5, together with the plurality of first connecting members 41 and the plurality of second connecting members 42 in the connecting portion 4, exerts the effect of reinforcing the bearing wall 1.

[0049] The anti-slip material 6 is a piece of wood that is interposed between the adjacent first frame material 2 and panel material 5 and that contacts the upper and lower side end faces of the main metal body 40. In other words, by contacting the upper and lower end faces of the main metal body 40, it is possible to prevent the main metal body 40 from sliding vertically or rotating. The front surface of the anti-slip material 6 and the surface (front surface) of the front panel material 5 are flush with each other, and furthermore, the back surface of the anti-slip material 6 and the surface (back surface) of the back panel material 5 are also flush with each other. The thickness of this anti-slip material 6 is set to be slightly longer than the thickness of the main metal fitting 40 at the connecting portion 4. Therefore, a slight gap is formed between the panel material 5 and the upper and lower ends of the main metal fitting 40. In other words, the panel material 5 is not joined to the upper and lower ends of the main metal fitting 40.

[0050] The ends of the second frame material 3 are positioned in the vertical center of the main metal fittings 40 and are connected by a plurality of second connecting members 42. The second connecting members 42 connect the upper and lower end sides at both ends of the second frame material 3 to the main metal fittings 40. The ends of the second frame material 3 are connected to the main metal fittings 40 by the glue-in rod method described above, with the ends temporarily fastened with screws. On the other hand, the first connecting member 41 connects the upper and lower ends of the main metal member 40 to the first frame member 2.

[0051] Furthermore, the second frame member 3 and the main metal fittings 40 provided at both ends of this second frame member 3 are connected in advance by a plurality of second connecting members 42 before the construction of the load-bearing wall 1. This allows the second frame member 3 and both main metal fittings 40 to be handled as a single member formed into a substantially I-shape. Furthermore, even if the second frame material 3 and both main body metal pieces 40 are connected in advance in this manner, the upper and lower ends of the main body metal pieces 40 protrude in the vertical direction beyond the upper and lower surfaces of the second frame material 3. Therefore, the first connecting material 41 can reliably connect the upper and lower ends of the main body metal pieces 40 to the first frame material 2.

[0052] The shear wall 1 configured as described above is incorporated into relatively large wooden buildings, such as mid-rise and high-rise wooden buildings and wooden buildings with a large total floor area. When the shear wall 1 is subjected to a strong external force (horizontal force) due to, for example, an earthquake or typhoon, the adjacent first frame members 2 tend to move and tilt in the same direction. To counter this movement of the first frame members 2, if the second frame members 3 are provided between the adjacent first frame members 2, the movement of the adjacent first frame members 2 toward tilting in the same direction can be suppressed. In addition, both ends of adjacent first frame members 2 and second frame members 3 are connected by connecting portions 4, and the multiple first connecting members 41 and multiple second connecting members 42 that make up the connecting portions 4 are arranged in a line in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) of the first frame member 2, so these multiple first connecting members 41 and multiple second connecting members 42 can also suppress the movement of adjacent first frame members 2 to tilt in the same direction.

[0053] In addition, in the bearing wall 1, the yield point of the first connecting member 41 is set lower than the yield point of the second connecting member . More specifically, the rigidity (tensile strength) of each first connecting member 41 is 400 N / mm 2 The rigidity (tensile strength) of each second connecting member 42 is set to 1000 N / mm 2 That is, the first connecting member 41 is more susceptible to plastic deformation than the second connecting member 42. Therefore, when a large external force is applied to the shear wall 1 due to an earthquake, for example, the first connecting member 41 will plastically deform before the second connecting member 42. However, the first connecting member 41 tenaciously holds up even after deformation, and therefore can prevent deformation or damage to the second connecting member 42 and other members. Even if a large external force is applied to the bearing wall 1 due to an earthquake or the like, if the damage can be limited to the first connecting member 41, repair of the bearing wall 1 can be achieved by simply replacing the first connecting member 41. In order to create the difference in yield point as described above, bolts made of different materials and of different sizes are used for the first connecting members 41 and the second connecting members 42. For example, steel bolts are used for the first connecting members 41, and titanium bolts are used for the second connecting members 42.

[0054] In this embodiment, the nut 41b of the first connecting material 41 is welded to the first hole 40b of the main metal member 40, so if the deformation of the first connecting material 41 is slight, the first connecting material 41 can be replaced by removing it from the outer surface 2e of the first frame material 2. On the other hand, if the deformation of the first connecting material 41 is large, or if the head 41a of the first connecting material 41 is located on the main metal fitting 40 side as shown in Figure 3 and the first connecting material 41 can only be removed from the inner surface 2d of the first frame material 2, the panel material 5 is removed before the first connecting material 41 is replaced.

[0055] According to this embodiment, a moment-resisting joint is applied to the joint of the first connecting member 41 to the first frame member 2, which resists an external force when the first frame member 2 is subjected to the external force, and therefore the area around the joint of the first connecting member 41 to the first frame member 2 has high toughness. This improves the toughness of the bearing wall 1, and so if such a bearing wall 1 is incorporated, sufficient earthquake resistance can be maintained even in a relatively large wooden building. Furthermore, because the yield point of the first connecting member 41 is set lower than the yield point of the second connecting member 42, the first connecting member 41 is more susceptible to plastic deformation than the second connecting member 42. Therefore, when a large external force is applied to the shear wall 1 due to, for example, an earthquake, the first connecting member 41 undergoes plastic deformation before the second connecting member 42. However, because the first connecting member 41 remains tenacious even after undergoing plastic deformation, deformation and damage to other components, including the second connecting member 42, are less likely to occur. Moreover, even if a large external force is applied to the shear wall 1 due to an earthquake or the like, if the damage can be limited to the first connecting member 41, repair of the shear wall 1 can be achieved by simply replacing the first connecting member 41, which means that even if damage does occur, repairs can be made easily and inexpensively.

[0056] Furthermore, the ends of the second frame member 3 are positioned in the vertical center of the main metal fittings 40 and are connected by second connecting members 42, and the first connecting members 41 connect the upper and lower ends of the main metal fittings 40 to the first frame member 2, so that with the second frame member 3 and the main metal fittings 40 provided at both ends of this second frame member 3 connected in advance by a plurality of second connecting members 42, the upper and lower ends of the main metal fittings 40 can be reliably connected to the first frame member 2 by the first connecting members 41. As a result, the second frame member 3 and both main metal fittings 40 can be formed in advance as a single member formed into a substantially I-shape, and can be handled as a single member during transportation and on site, improving workability.

[0057] In addition, the second connecting member 42 connects the upper and lower end sides at both ends of the second frame member 3 to the main metal fittings 40, so that the second frame member 3 can be reliably joined to the main metal fittings 40 at both ends with moment resistance.

[0058] Furthermore, since the frame structure further includes panel materials 5 that are arranged between adjacent first frame materials 2 and that contact the second frame materials 3, the panel materials 5 can improve the bearing strength of the bearing wall 1.

[0059] Furthermore, anti-slip materials 6 that come into contact with the vertical end faces of the main metal fittings 40 are interposed between adjacent first frame members 2 and panel members 5, and the anti-slip materials 6 come into contact with the vertical end faces of the main metal fittings 40, thereby preventing vertical sliding and rotation of the main metal fittings 40. As a result, when a large external force is applied to the bearing wall 1, unnecessary force due to the movement of the main metal fittings 40 is less likely to be applied to the first connecting members 41 and second connecting members 42, and therefore the first connecting members 41 can be deformed before the second connecting members 42 as calculated.

[0060] Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Elements common to the first embodiment will be given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted or simplified.

[0061] FIG. 5 shows a column-beam structure in which a load-bearing structure 10 serving as a column formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape and a beam structure 20 also formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape are joined by a beam-column joint metal member 30. The column-beam structure in this embodiment is a rigid frame structure consisting of adjacent load-bearing structures 10 spaced apart, column-beam joint metal fittings 30 provided at the upper ends of these load-bearing structures 10, and beam structures 20 provided between the column-beam joint metal fittings 30.

[0062] First, the load-bearing structure 10 will be described. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the load-bearing structure 10 is configured such that the load-bearing walls 1 are arranged orthogonally via corner portions C in plan view. Here, the corner portions C refer to the four corners of the load-bearing structure 10 formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape. In the case of a load-bearing structure 10 formed in a rectangular tubular shape, the load-bearing walls 1 constitute the four side surfaces of the load-bearing structure 10. When the load-bearing walls 1 are arranged orthogonally across the corners C in a plan view, the load-bearing walls 1 adjacent to each other across the corners C share a single first frame member 2. In other words, the load-bearing structure 10 formed in a rectangular tubular shape has first frame members 2 arranged at the four corners. A plurality of second frame members 3 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction between each of the first frame members 2 at the four corners, and are connected by connecting members 4. Furthermore, panel members 5 are arranged between adjacent first frame members 2.

[0063] Since the multiple first connecting members 41 are arranged to penetrate the first frame member 2, when connecting both ends of adjacent first frame members 2 and second frame members 3 with connecting portions 4, it is necessary to ensure that there are no problems with the fit between the multiple first connecting members 41 on one side of the shear wall 1 and the multiple first connecting members 41 on the other side of the shear wall 1 adjacent to the shear wall 1 on one side. Therefore, in this embodiment, among the shear walls 1 that constitute the four sides of the load-bearing structure 10, a plurality of second frame members 3 in the shear wall 1 on one side and a plurality of second frame members 3 in the shear wall 1 on the other side adjacent to the shear wall 1 on the one side are arranged with their positions shifted in the vertical direction.

[0064] Furthermore, the multiple second frame members 3, which are arranged with their positions shifted in the vertical direction between adjacent bearing walls 1, are arranged in a positional relationship such that their extension lines intersect at corner portions C. In other words, the second frame member 3 (referred to as the one second frame member 3) in the load-bearing wall 1 on one side of the load-bearing walls 1 that make up the four sides of the load-bearing structure 10 and the second frame member 3 (referred to as the other second frame member 3) in the load-bearing wall 1 on the other side adjacent to the load-bearing wall 1 on the one side are arranged with a vertical positional shift, but the positional shift is not large. Specifically, one adjacent second frame member 3 and the other adjacent second frame member 3 have a main body metal 40 interposed between them and the first frame member 2 at the corner C. The vertical center of the main body metal 40 located between one second frame member 3 and the first frame member 2 at the corner C is at the same height as the upper or lower end of the main body metal 40 located between the other second frame member 3 and the first frame member 2 at the corner C. In other words, one second frame material 3 and the other second frame material 3 adjacent to each other on either side of the first frame material 2 at the corner C are positioned with a shift of approximately half the vertical dimension of the main metal fitting 40. Therefore, one second frame member 3 and the other second frame member 3 are disposed in a positional relationship in which their extension lines intersect at the corner C.

[0065] Furthermore, if there is a large deviation in the vertical position between one second frame member 3 and the other second frame member 3, the sizes of the multiple panel members 5 arranged between adjacent first frame members 2 in the load-bearing wall 1 on one side (the multiple panel members 5 adjacent in the vertical direction with the second frame member 3 in between) will also differ greatly. Considering the balance of strength, it is necessary to avoid large differences in the sizes of the multiple panel members 5 in the load-bearing wall 1 on each side, so it is desirable to keep the deviation in the vertical position between one second frame member 3 and the other second frame member 3 to about half the vertical dimension of the main metal fittings 40. In this embodiment, the vertical positional deviation between one second frame member 3 and the other second frame member 3 is kept to about half the vertical dimension of the main metal fittings 40. Therefore, in this embodiment, there is no large difference in the sizes of the multiple panel members 5 between adjacent first frame members 2 in the load-bearing wall 1 on each side. In this embodiment, a first panel material 5A with the longest vertical dimension, a second panel material 5B with a medium vertical dimension, and a third panel material 5C with the shortest vertical dimension are used, and the vertical dimension of the longest first panel material 5A is set to approximately 1.5 times the vertical dimension of the shortest third panel material 5C.

[0066] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, of the shear walls 1 arranged orthogonally through the corner portion C, the arrangement of the multiple panel materials 5A, 5B, 5C in one shear wall 1 is upside down compared to the arrangement of the multiple panel materials 5A, 5B, 5C in the other shear wall 1. This configuration in which the arrangement of the multiple panel materials 5A, 5B, 5C is upside down corresponds to the height position of the multiple second frame materials 3, and the arrangement is upside down for each adjacent load-bearing wall 1. Since the load-bearing structure 10 formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape is made up of four load-bearing walls 1, the arrangement of the multiple panel materials 5A, 5B, 5C between parallel load-bearing walls 1 is the same.

[0067] Next, the beam structure 20 will be described. The beam structure 20 is in the shape of a square tube, and includes four beam members 21 arranged at the four corners with a gap between them, and panel members 22 provided between the beam members 21 at the four corners.

[0068] The beams 21 are formed to be longer in the left-right direction than in the up-down direction, and are made of structural laminated timber like the first frame members 2 in the bearing wall 1, but they may also be made of ordinary square timber or, for example, beams made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). In other words, the beams 21 are wooden columnar members. Furthermore, their cross-sectional shape may be rectangular rather than square.

[0069] The panel material 22 is a hollow architectural wood panel, similar to the panel material 5 in the bearing wall 1. The architectural wood panel in the beam structure 20 is also a hollow panel body having a frame body formed by vertical and horizontal frame members and face members provided on both the front and back sides of the frame body. Reinforcing bars parallel to the frame members are incorporated inside the frame body, and furthermore, heat insulating material such as glass wool or rock wool is filled in. The surface of the beam material 21 and the surface of the panel material 22 are flush with each other. Furthermore, the panel materials 22 are provided on both the front side and the back side of the beam structure 20. The front side and back side panel materials 22 are arranged spaced apart from each other in the front-to-back direction. However, this is not limited to this, and the front side and back side panel materials 22 may be joined together and in close contact with each other.

[0070] Next, the column-beam joint hardware 30 will be described. The beam-column joint hardware 30 has rectangular parallelepiped support blocks 31 at each of its eight corners, and the support blocks 31 spaced apart vertically are connected by rectangular tubular vertical members 32, while the support blocks 31 spaced apart front-to-back and left-to-right are connected by rectangular tubular horizontal members 33. In addition, approximately rectangular plate members 34 are provided between adjacent vertical members 32, and the vertical edges of these plate members 34 are joined to the vertical members 32 and the horizontal edges are joined to the horizontal members 33. The surface of the plate members 34 is recessed inward from the surfaces of the vertical members 32 and horizontal members 33.

[0071] Bolt holes are formed in the upper surface portions and the two outward-facing side portions of the four upper receiving blocks 31, and bolt holes are formed in the lower surface portions and the two outward-facing side portions of the four lower receiving blocks 31.

[0072] The column-beam joint hardware 30 is connected to column joint hardware 100, which connects the load-bearing structure 10, which is a column, to the column-beam joint hardware 30, and to beam joint hardware 200, which connects the beam structure 20 to the column-beam joint hardware 30.

[0073] The column connection hardware 100 is a column capital connection hardware that is joined to the lower end surface of the column-beam connection hardware 30, and is also used as a column base connection hardware that is joined to the lower end surface of the column-bearing structure 10. In other words, it is a hardware that is used to join the column-bearing structure 10 and the column-beam connection hardware 30, and also to join the column-bearing structure 10 and the substructure (foundation, floor slab, column base steel plate 130), and is also called a column base-column capital connection hardware. When installed at the column capital or when installed at the column base, it is used upside down. The column base iron plate 130 is laid on the upper surface of the substructure such as a foundation or floor slab and fixed with anchor bolts, and a column connection hardware 100 for the column base is provided on the upper surface of the column base iron plate 130. A plurality of bolt holes 131 are formed on the upper surface of the column base iron plate 130 so that the column connection hardware 100 can be connected with bolts.

[0074] Such a column joint hardware 100 is formed in the shape of a rectangular frame by four box-shaped hardware 110 arranged at the four corners with a gap between them, and four connecting members 120 that connect these box-shaped hardware 110 together. The box-shaped hardware 110 is composed of a tubular member formed in the shape of a rectangular tube, and rectangular plate members fixed to the upper and lower ends of the tubular member by welding or the like so as to close the upper and lower end faces of the tubular member. A rectangular opening is formed on one side of the tubular member. The connecting member 120 is formed by integrating the webs of two channel steel beams back to back, like an H-beam or I-beam. The outer and inner edges of the flange of such connecting member 120 located on the panel material 5 side are flush with the front and back surfaces of the panel material 5, respectively. The flanges have screw holes arranged in a staggered pattern for fastening with screws toward the panel material 5 side and the anti-slip material 6.

[0075] Furthermore, one of the upper and lower plate members of the box-shaped metal fitting 110 has one through-hole 111 formed in the approximate center, and the other plate member has through-holes 112 formed in each of the four corners. The central through hole 111 is used to pass the bolt material used to join the column connection hardware 100 and the column-beam connection hardware 30 in the column head portion, and the bolt material is inserted into the through hole 111 from the opening of the box-shaped hardware 110 and screwed into the bolt hole of the support block 31 in the column-beam connection hardware 30. In the column base portion, the central through hole 111 is used to pass a bolt material used to join the column connection hardware 100 and the column base iron plate 130. The bolt material is inserted into the through hole 111 from the opening of the box-shaped hardware 110 and then passed through the bolt hole 131 in the column base iron plate 130 to be tightened. The through holes 112 at the four corners are for passing bolt materials 11 used to join the column connection hardware 100 to the load-bearing structure 10, and the bolt materials 11 are arranged to protrude from the four corners of the upper and lower end faces of each first frame material 2 in the load-bearing structure 10. The protruding ends of the bolt materials 11 at the four corners are passed through the through holes 112 at the four corners, and the bolt materials 11 at the four corners can be tightened with nuts from the openings in the box-shaped hardware 110 (see Figure 7).

[0076] The beam connection hardware 200 is constructed in the same manner as the column connection hardware 100, and is formed in the shape of a rectangular frame by four box-shaped hardware 210 arranged at the four corners with a gap between them, and four connecting members 220 that connect these box-shaped hardware 210 together. Similar to the load-bearing structure 10, each of the beam members 21 at the four corners of the beam structure 20 has a protruding bolt member, which can be fixed with a nut to the box-shaped metal member 210 of the beam connection hardware 200. In addition, the box-shaped metal member 210 is bolted to the support block 31 of the beam-column connection hardware 30, so that the beam structure 20 can be connected to the beam-column connection hardware 30.

[0077] The column-beam structure in this embodiment is composed of adjacent load-bearing structures 10, column-beam joint hardware 30, and beam structure 20 configured as described above. This type of column-beam structure can be used in the construction of relatively large wooden buildings, such as mid-rise and high-rise wooden buildings and wooden buildings with a large total floor area. Even in such a column-beam structure, when a large external force is applied, for example, due to an earthquake, the first connecting member 41 in the load-bearing structure 10 will deform before the second connecting member 42. However, because the first connecting member 41 is connected to the adjacent first frame member 2 in a moment-resisting manner, it exhibits toughness and holds up tenaciously even after deformation, preventing deformation and damage to the second connecting member 42 and other members (which includes not only the load-bearing structure 10 but also the beam structure 20 and column-beam joint hardware 30, etc.).

[0078] In this embodiment, the four sides of the load-bearing structure 10 are constructed from load-bearing walls 1, forming a rectangular cylindrical (U-shaped in plan view) load-bearing structure 10, but a load-bearing structure that is L-shaped or U-shaped in plan view may also be formed from load-bearing walls 1.

[0079] According to this embodiment, the second frame members 3 arranged between the first frame member 2 at the corner C and the adjacent first frame members 2 are arranged with their positions shifted in the vertical direction and in a positional relationship in which their extension lines intersect at the corner C, so that the second frame members 3 can be arranged with their positions close to each other in the vertical direction. Therefore, this can contribute to maintaining a good strength balance of the entire load-bearing structure 10 compared to, for example, when the second frame members 3 are arranged with their positions shifted significantly in the vertical direction.

[0080] Furthermore, among the main body metal fittings 40 adjacent to each other via the first frame material 2 arranged at the corner portion C, the vertical center of one main body metal fitting 40 and the upper end or lower end of the other main body metal fitting 40 are at the same height position, so that multiple second frame materials 3 can be arranged with their vertical positions close together, which contributes to maintaining an even better strength balance for the entire load-bearing structure 10.

[0081] Furthermore, among the shear walls 1 arranged orthogonally via the corner portion C, the arrangement of multiple panel materials 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) with different vertical dimensions on one shear wall 1 and the arrangement of multiple panel materials 5 (5A, 5B, 5C) with different vertical dimensions on the other shear wall 1 are inverted upside down, so that the multiple second frame materials 3 arranged between the first frame material 2 at the corner portion C and the multiple adjacent first frame materials 2 and adjacent to each other via the corner portion C can be arranged with their vertical positions close to each other, which contributes to maintaining an even better strength balance of the entire shear structure 10. [Explanation of symbols]

[0082] 1 Load-bearing wall 2 First frame member 2F Recess 3 Second frame material 4 Connecting part 40 Main body hardware 40b First hole 40c second hole 41 First connection material 41a Head 41b Nut 41c washer 42 Second connection material 5 Panel material 6. Anti-slip material 10 Load bearing structure 20 beam structure 30 Column and beam joint hardware C corner

Claims

1. First frame members adjacent to each other with a gap therebetween; a second frame member disposed between the adjacent first frame members; a connecting portion that connects the first frame member and the second frame member, The connecting portion is a main frame metal member provided between both ends of the adjacent first frame member and second frame member; a rod-shaped first connecting member that connects the first frame member and the main metal member; a rod-shaped second connecting member that connects the second frame member and the main metal member; A moment-resisting joint is applied to the joint of the first connecting member to the first frame member, which resists an external force when the first frame member is subjected to the external force; A moment-resisting joint is applied to the joint of the second connecting member to the second frame member, which resists an external force when the second frame member is subjected to the external force; A shear wall characterized in that the yield point of the first connecting member is set lower than the yield point of the second connecting member.

2. The shear wall according to claim 1, The end of the second frame material is disposed in the vertical center of the main metal body and connected by the second connecting material, A shear wall characterized in that the first connecting material connects the upper and lower ends of the main metal body to the first frame material.

3. The shear wall according to claim 2, A shear wall characterized in that the second connecting material connects the upper and lower end sides at both ends of the second frame material to the main metal fittings.

4. The bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, A shear wall characterized by further comprising a panel material disposed between the adjacent first frame members and in contact with the second frame member.

5. The shear wall according to claim 4, A shear wall characterized in that an anti-slip material is interposed between the adjacent first frame material and the panel material, and contacts the upper and lower side end surfaces of the main metal body.

6. A load-bearing structure in which the load-bearing walls according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are arranged orthogonally via corner portions in a plan view, the first frame members include a first frame member arranged in the corner portion and a plurality of first frame members adjacent to the first frame member in the corner portion at intervals, the second frame members include a plurality of second frame members arranged between the first frame members at the corner portions and the plurality of adjacent first frame members, A load-bearing structure characterized in that the multiple second frame members are arranged in a vertically shifted position and in a positional relationship in which their extension lines intersect at the corner portions.

7. 7. The load-bearing structure according to claim 6, Among the main body metal parts located at both ends of the plurality of second frame materials, the main body metal parts on the corner portion side are arranged in a positional relationship in which their positions are shifted in the vertical direction and their extension lines intersect at the corner portion, A load-bearing structure characterized in that, of the main body metal members adjacent to each other through the first frame material arranged at the corner portion, the vertical center of one main body metal member and the upper end or lower end of the other main body metal member are at the same height position.

8. 8. The load-bearing structure according to claim 6 or 7, The structure further includes a panel material disposed between the adjacent first frame members and in contact with the second frame member, the panel material has a plurality of panel materials whose vertical dimensions vary depending on the height positions of the plurality of second frame materials, and which are arranged adjacent to each other in the vertical direction with the second frame material sandwiched between them for each of the load-bearing walls; A load-bearing structure characterized in that, among the load-bearing walls arranged orthogonally through the corner portion, the arrangement of the plurality of panel materials in one load-bearing wall is upside down to the arrangement of the plurality of panel materials in the other load-bearing wall.

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