Improved filter equipment for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oil, grease, and salts and / or metal wear debris on and within water-containing emulsions

Abstract

The present invention relates to a filter installation for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils, greases and salts on / in emulsions, preferably also floating bodies such as, for example, metal wear debris, from, in particular, containers and tanks used to hold and store water-containing emulsions.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a filter installation for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils, greases and salts on / in emulsions, preferably also floating bodies such as metal wear debris, from, in particular, containers and tanks used to hold and store water-containing emulsions.

[0002] Filter equipment for removing insoluble oil and grease from emulsions, particularly from containers and tanks used to hold and store water-containing emulsions, is known in a wide variety of configurations. Surface belt skimmers are often used in emulsion containers and tanks to remove floating oil-grease films. In these surface belt skimmers, a mechanically or electrically driven endless belt is advanced into the tank or container, whereby the oil / grease adhering to the endless belt is collected from the surface of the emulsion by its upward movement. The oil / grease adheres to the endless belt. The endless belt is then deflected from its upward movement to a downward movement via a deflection roller, during which the oil / grease film is removed from the endless belt by a scraper. The oil / grease is collected in a container (e.g., a bucket) via horizontally inclined grooves. The endless belt thus cleaned then enters the tank or container again, whereby the adhering oil / grease is again collected from the surface of the emulsion by the downward-upward movement of the endless belt and via the second deflection roller.

[0003] In fact, a wide variety of machines for machining workpieces are known. These machines use emulsions to cool and lubricate the workpieces and tools. In computer-controlled lathes / milling machines, for example, various lubricants and lubricants are used to reduce friction and allow the moving tool holders and workpiece holders to slide. These lubricants and lubricants prevent increased power consumption during movement, thereby preventing the machine from stopping and therefore from breaking down.

[0004] Such lubricants are known. They are called slideway oils and usually consist of paraffins, naphthenic hydrocarbons, and additives (for example, manufactured by Scharr and sold under the trade names Bettbahnoel CGLP ISO-VG (68) and (220)). During operation, these lubricants are constantly dispensed between the slideway rails of the tool holder and workpiece holder, forming a thin film and thus ensuring good sliding. However, due to the movement of the slideway rails, the slideway oil is pushed out at the edges of the slideway rails and must therefore be dispensed additionally. To process the workpiece with a tool, the emulsion is pumped from a container or tank by a suction and discharge pump and sprayed onto the area to be processed by a nozzle to cool and lubricate it. Cooling and lubricating fluids, i.e., emulsions consisting of a mixture of mineral oil, emulsifiers, stabilizers, and inhibitors (e.g., Blaser, trade name BLASOCUT® BC 25 MD), are formed by mixing 90–98% water with 2–10% of Blaser's mineral oil mixture. When the emulsion flows out of the workpiece and tool, the slideway oil is squeezed out of the edges of the slideway rail and collected in a machine trough and / or container, where it collects on the surface of the emulsion as an oil-grease film. Furthermore, when machining a workpiece by turning, milling, drilling, etc., many metal chips are generated that flow into the trough or container along with the emulsion and slideway oil. These metal chips are collected and removed from the machine manually or automatically. The trough or container is usually divided into different zones where chips and emulsion are separated. Usually a perforated screen is used here to ensure that the pump for pumping the emulsion does not suck up the chips and thus interfere with the pumping performance of the pump.The disadvantage in this case is that the sliding surface oil hinders the outflow of the emulsion, which causes a drop in the level in the tank or vessel at high emulsion circulation, which results in, on the one hand, an overflow in front of the screen, and, on the other hand, the pump not delivering enough emulsion.

[0005] WO 2014 / 198867 discloses a filter arrangement comprising an emulsifier filter, an injector for adding gas, and an adhesion filter, which uses, in particular, spherical filter media for purification.

[0006] When starting up the known filter installation, all three filter vessels must be vacuum-tightly closed. The emulsion is then sucked out of the machine tank / vessel via the skimmer by the vacuum pump. When starting up the suction / discharge circulation pump, this must additionally be vented, since the emulsion cannot flow into the pump chamber.

[0007] A mechanical leveling body sucks the emulsion into a level chamber, which serves to switch the pump "on", "off" and "alternate". Oil, grease and graphite can cause switching problems.

[0008] When the emulsion is sucked from the emulsifier filter by the suction and discharge circulation pump, clumps that cause problems and thus fluctuations in the level in the level chamber occur.

[0009] When processing emulsions containing graphite, etc., the filter media becomes stuck, and must then be removed from the filter vessel from time to time for mechanical and chemical cleaning. Since the filter media is located in the filter vessel as loose material, the media must be removed individually, which is laborious.

[0010] The technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide a filter installation which, in terms of structure and operation, works better than known methods, devices and installations and overcomes the problems mentioned above.

[0011] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a filter installation having the features of claim 1 and the further independent claims.

[0012] The present invention is based on a filter arrangement as described in WO 2014 / 198867, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, but with additional features and / or modifications of the base disclosed herein that result in surprising improvements.

[0013] The present invention relates in particular to a filter installation for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils and greases on / in emulsions, in particular from containers and tanks used to hold and store water-containing emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, comprising: - a device for sucking the emulsion from the emulsion tank / container, preferably by means of a skimmer; - a conduit from the device to the inlet of the first filter vessel; - a preferably laterally arranged outlet from the first filter vessel; - a pump connected to the outlet; - a second filter vessel equipped with a vent valve; a third filter vessel connected to the second filter vessel via a conduit; At least The filter equipment includes a three-way valve, an inlet line of which is connected to a pump, a first three-way outlet line of which is connected to a first filter vessel, and a second three-way outlet line of which is connected to a second filter vessel. Regarding filter equipment.

[0014] Preferably, the device for sucking the emulsion from the emulsion tank / container is a skimmer.

[0015] Preferably, the first filter vessel, the second filter vessel and / or the third filter vessel each include a plurality of spherical filter media.

[0016] Preferably, the first filter container is a container for the first filter unit, which is an emulsifier filter unit.

[0017] Preferably, the second filter container is a container for a second filter unit, an oxidation filter unit, also called an attachment filter unit.

[0018] Preferably, the third filter vessel is a vessel for a third filter unit, a reactive filter unit, also called a capillary filter unit.

[0019] Preferably, the first filter unit comprises a level adjustment unit.

[0020] Preferably, the skimmer, the first filter vessel, the second filter vessel and the third filter vessel form a unit and are arranged in series, so that, particularly preferably, the emulsion can be sucked in and then treated, in particular mechanically, chemically and biologically, by the filter medium.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the first filter vessel, and preferably also the second filter vessel and / or the third filter vessel, each contain a number of spherical filter media.

[0022] The three-way valve according to the present invention, downstream of a first pump, preferably a circulation pump, connected to the outlet from the first filter vessel, can be advantageously set so that, for example, when the emulsion is suctioned by the air pump, only the first filter vessel and the upstream pump are placed under vacuum. This advantageously significantly reduces the negative pressure generated, volume-wise, because a vacuum is not required in the two downstream filter vessels. Furthermore, the upstream pump, preferably the circulation pump, is also filled with emulsion simultaneously with the suction of emulsion from the machine basin / vessel, so that the pump no longer needs to be additionally vented. By setting the three-way valve in the direction of the first filter vessel, the emulsion is circulated within the first filter vessel. In this case, excess air can advantageously be removed via the upper gas space. After the emulsion has stabilized, the three-way valve can be switched to the direction of the second vessel, where the emulsion is then guided for subsequent purification. The switching of the three-way valve may take place after a defined time or when a defined measured value is reached, for example by measuring the change in vacuum, so that the first filter vessel preferably has a vacuum gauge.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the first filter vessel has a level adjustment unit having a vertically extending tube and a flexible vessel attached to the open lower end of the tube, with liquid present in the vessel and the tube.

[0024] The flexible container may be, for example, a bag, which is made, for example, from a film, in particular a polyethylene film, for example made of HDPE.

[0025] Preferably, the flexible container is positioned below the bottom of the mounting screen in the bottom region. This leveling allows the emulsion height to be measured using a different leveling liquid, without the inevitable infiltration of contaminated emulsion into the leveling tube, as compared to the prior art. This leveling liquid can advantageously be colored to make it easier to read. This also prevents contamination of the leveling tube with deposits. The higher the emulsion level in the first filter container, the more the emulsion compresses the flexible container, forcing the liquid in this container into the tube, raising the liquid level in this tube and allowing the emulsion level to be read. Flexible containers, particularly bags, are sometimes called diaphragm compensation containers.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the vertically extending tube opens upwards.

[0027] An upwardly open tube may advantageously be used in the first filter vessel simultaneously for degassing purposes of the emulsion, especially in combination with a degassing unit, for example a gas overflow tube.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the first filter vessel has a gas overflow pipe in the upper region, which is connected to a pump which is connected to the second filter vessel.

[0029] In this advantageous embodiment, the filter installation has two pumps: a first pump upstream of the three-way valve and a second pump assigned to the gas overflow pipe. The first pump is preferably a circulation pump, in particular a suction and discharge circulation pump. The second pump is preferably an air pump, in particular a suction and discharge air pump.

[0030] Advantageously, a further pump, for example a third pump as in the prior art assigned to the line between the first filter vessel and the second filter vessel as an air pump for gas air supply, can be dispensed with.

[0031] Furthermore, a second pump, in particular an air pump, can advantageously be used to pump air into the second filter vessel, also called the oxidation vessel.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the vertically extending pipe opens upward, the gas overflow pipe extends at its lower end into the vertically extending pipe, and the gas overflow pipe has a smaller diameter than the vertically extending pipe, thereby allowing gas to flow into the upper opening of the vertically extending pipe.

[0033] This design prevents emulsion from entering the vertical pipe of the leveling body from above during measurement and adjustment of the emulsion level in the first filter vessel because the open pipe end terminates in the gas space above the emulsion level. However, if the emulsion filling level is low and the gas space is filled with gas, particularly if the leveling liquid is lowered enough to open a suitable float-type air vent to allow gas to escape, gas can simultaneously flow from the gas space into the pipe and be discharged upward through the gas overflow pipe. When the emulsion level rises again, the leveling liquid also rises upward through the gas overflow pipe, thus closing the float-type air vent again. The gas can then be transported into the second filter vessel via the air pump.

[0034] A further advantage of this preferred level adjustment of the emulsion fill level in the first filter vessel is the possibility of automatic gas / air adjustment: a preferred air pump can pump not only excess gas but also fresh air into the second filter vessel.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the first filter vessel includes a vacuum gauge.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the second filter vessel includes a pressure gauge.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the three-way valve, the first pump, the second pump, the vacuum gauge, and the pressure gauge are connected to a computer for controlling the filter installation.

[0038] Advantageously, the filter installation can be controlled via or automatically by a computer, if the computer measures the values ​​of the vacuum gauge and the pressure gauge and controls the three-way valve, the first pump, preferably a circulation pump, and the second pump, preferably an air pump, according to these two measured values.It has been found that measuring the vacuum of the filling level in the first filter vessel and measuring the pressure in the second filter vessel is sufficient to control, i.e., to regulate, the feed rate of emulsion and the switching of the three-way valve.

[0039] It has been found that the construction of the filter installation according to the invention advantageously results in only small level differences in the emulsion level and level changes occur more slowly.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the outlet of the first filter vessel and / or the outlet of the second filter vessel is located in the side wall, in particular in the lower region of the side wall, rather than at the bottom, which advantageously makes it possible to prevent vortex formation, also known as the "doughnut effect", and thus makes the emulsion remain more homogeneous.

[0041] The present invention also relates to a filter installation for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils and greases on / in water-containing emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, in particular from containers and vessels used to hold and store said emulsions, preferably a filter installation as described herein, comprising: - a device for sucking the emulsion from the emulsion tank / container; - a conduit from the device to the inlet of the first filter vessel; - a first filter vessel; - a conduit from the first filter receptacle to the second filter receptacle; - a second filter vessel; a third filter vessel connected to the second filter vessel via a conduit; At least The first filter vessel, the second filter vessel, and the third filter vessel each have a removable screen insert with a number of spherical filter media present therein. Regarding filter equipment.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the screen insert is formed from side screen grid sections and a screen bottom section.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the lateral screen grid of the screen insert has a screen mesh width that is at least 10% and at most 30% smaller than the diameter of the spherical filter media, preferably about 20% smaller than the diameter of the spherical filter media.

[0044] Preferably, the spherical filter medium has a density of 1 kg / cm 3 It has ultra-high density.

[0045] The screen mesh width, which is preferably somewhat smaller than the diameter of the spherical filter medium, advantageously allows the filter medium to extend somewhat laterally beyond the screen insert. This has the advantage that the filter medium protrudes into the intermediate space between the inner wall of the filter container and the screen grid, so that this intermediate space does not allow a downward flow of emulsion past the filter medium. Nevertheless, in order to remove the filter balls from the filter container, for example for cleaning or replacement purposes, the screen cylinder can be pulled out of the filter container, preferably upward, without significant force expenditure.

[0046] Therefore, despite the screen insert, a corresponding screen mesh width allows the filter balls to contact the inner wall of the filter vessel.

[0047] Preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the invention relating to the entire filter installation are apparent from the preceding description.

[0048] For this purpose, in a preferred embodiment, the lateral screen grids and the screen bottom form a screen insert, for example in the form of a basket, which at the same time advantageously serves as a separating unit as described in the prior art.

[0049] The present invention also relates to a filter installation for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils and greases on / in water-containing emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, in particular from containers and vessels used to hold and store the emulsions, preferably a filter installation as described herein, comprising: - a device for sucking the emulsion from the emulsion tank / container; - a conduit from the device to the inlet of the first filter vessel; - a first filter vessel; - a conduit from the first filter receptacle to the second filter receptacle; - a second filter vessel; a third filter vessel connected to the second filter vessel via a conduit; At least The first filter container has a level adjustment unit having a vertically extending tube and a flexible container attached to the open lower end of the tube, and liquid is present in the container and the tube. Regarding filter equipment.

[0050] Preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the invention relating to the filter installation are apparent from the preceding description.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, a pressure of 1 kg / dm 3 A floating filter medium having a density less than 100 μm is provided.

[0052] However, filter balls may be provided which have a greater density and therefore do not float in the emulsion.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the filter medium is made from a diffusive plastic, especially a polyamide.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the filter medium consists of or contains primarily polyamide.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the filter medium is formed from a filter plate, which has a particular capillary action.

[0056] The present invention thus relates to a filter system for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oil, grease, and salts on / in water-containing emulsions used for cooling and lubricating workpieces and tools during machining, particularly from containers and tanks used to hold and store emulsions, the filter system comprising at least one device as a tangential inlet to the emulsifier filter and an adhesion filter with an automatic air extractor and an oil collection container with an outlet, the filter system as a unit mechanically, physically, and biologically treating the emulsion and insoluble oil-grease droplets, thereby subsequently separating the oil-grease layer from the filter system. Preferably, the filter system comprises a capillary filter, which is preferably disposed downstream of the adhesion filter.

[0057] Advantageously, the filter arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with an injector, and therefore the filter arrangement does not have an injector in a preferred embodiment.

[0058] Preferably the filter arrangement has a skimmer to suck the emulsion and oil-grease film from the emulsion tank / container, preferably with an upper or lower skimmer suction port, optionally using an immersion pump.

[0059] This solution according to the invention proposes a filter system unit capable of removing surface oil-grease films from machines, tanks and / or vessels containing water-containing emulsions, thereby removing non-emulsifiable oil / grease from the tanks and / or vessels and thus preventing fungal and slime mold growth. In this case, non-emulsifiable oil is captured by the addition of gas / air and by adhesion and capillary reactions, and then separated from the filter system.

[0060] The emulsion containing the sliding surface oil can be sucked from the tank or container via the skimmer and the connecting pipe into the emulsifier filter by negative pressure. The negative pressure is preferably generated by a suction / discharge pump downstream of the emulsifier filter, which pumps the emulsion from the tank or container. The negative pressure causes the emulsion to degas, and the gas level control ensures that excess gas is removed from the emulsifier filter.

[0061] If multiple machines are connected to the filter system, the emulsion containing the slideway oil may be pumped by an immersion pump from a tank or container through a skimmer and a piping connection into a collecting piping line, and then sucked into the emulsifier filter.

[0062] If several machines are connected to the filter installation, the clarified emulsion can flow into the distribution line when it leaves the filter installation and then be returned to the tank or container via the machine connection line and the automatic level metering supply line by an automatic valve, for example a float valve, creating a lateral flow in the tank or container, whereby the clarified emulsion moves the emulsion containing the slideway oil for suction via the skimmer.

[0063] The gas level adjustment preferably ensures that the filling level in the emulsifier filter container is always at an equal level, thereby ensuring that the tangential inflow channel's pipe cross section preferably strikes the surface at its center. The tangential inflow causes the oil / grease-containing emulsion to rotate around the container axis, resulting in a uniform surface flow. In this case, lighter oil / grease components (e.g., sliding surface oil) can be dissociated from the emulsion flow, causing the oil / grease components to float on the surface. Filter media with a density lighter than that of the emulsion preferably float within the emulsion's surface, allowing the filter media to circulate together on the surface due to the rotating flow. The rotating flow causes the filter media to collide with each other, breaking up the oil-grease film into small microdroplets. These microdroplets are then entrained by the adhesive force of the emulsion.

[0064] In this case, it is advantageous to form the filter medium as a circular cross section, because corners and edges (cube, rectangular parallelepiped, prism, or hollow cylinder) would inevitably cause wear and jamming of the filter medium. However, a closed ball does not have the desired mixing and crushing effect, so the ball is made of multiple plates. The ball is preferably manufactured as a one-piece injection-molded part and consists of multiple plate-like elements spaced apart from one another. These elements are formed as two half-shells, which are offset 90° from each other at their equators to form an intersection where the material flows during injection molding and is then molded into the one-piece element. An intermediate space is located between the individual plates. This intermediate space forms a large inflow surface along the wall that defines it, which generates vortices at the edges of the plates, which then achieve the desired crushing effect on the oil-grease film.

[0065] The emulsion preferably flows vertically downward into the bottom of the emulsifier filter container. The emulsion surrounds the filter medium, which is preferably made of a diffusive plastic, preferably polyamide. Due to the porous nature of the material, a maximum of 10% of the filter is loaded. Liquids, salts, and gases diffuse into the filter material, resulting in a constant osmotic exchange between the emulsion and the filter balls. This allows anaerobic bacteria to settle on the surface of the filter balls, which then receive a constant supply of energy through osmotic exchange and are thus better able to decompose excess salt. The resulting osmotic pressure can even allow bacterial flora to pass through, since a high pressure difference can be generated. This constant osmotic pressure compensation ensures that the intermediate spaces between the filter ball plates are not blocked.

[0066] The emulsion thus added and pre-filtered is preferably pumped into the deposition filter vessel by a suction and discharge pump. The deposition filter and deposition filter vessel are also called oxidation filter and oxidation filter vessel, respectively. In this case, gas (e.g., air) is supplied to the emulsion, which then generates a foam emulsion in the head space and the gas-emulsion distribution space. The foam emulsion is then preferably dispersed by a trickling element into the loose filter balls arranged below, which adds gas (oxygen) to the emulsion as it flows vertically downward. In this case, the different adhesion properties of the emulsion and the oil / grease cause phase separation, which causes air bubbles to form from the oil / grease. These air bubbles then gather on the polyamide, pass through the bottom of the screen by gravity, and then drip onto the level surface. The emulsion (approximately 0.98 kg / dm 3 ) and oil / grease (approx. 0.85 kg / dm 3 Due to the different densities between the oil / grease particles, the lighter oil / grease bubbles float above the level surface of the emulsion below the bottom of the screen as foam.

[0067] The excess gas and oil / grease foam fraction are preferably separated from the emulsion below the bottom of the screen, allowing the added emulsion to flow out of the container at the bottom of the attached filter. The consumed excess gas, together with the oil / grease foam, preferably flows into the automatic float-type discharger via the waste air connection. When gas overflows from the attached filter into the float-type discharger, the oil / grease foam collected on the level surface is ruptured by the bursting of the bubbles, allowing the excess gas to be discharged from the automatic float-type discharger. At this time, an oil film is formed. This oil film then flows into the oil collection container via the oil separation connection. The different densities between the emulsion and the oil result in a layered flow, whereby when the lighter oil / grease flows in, the heavier emulsion flows back from the oil collection vessel into an automatic float-type outlet and then out of this float-type outlet via a level compensation channel. The gas-added oil / grease separates in the headspace of the oil collection vessel, whereby the excess gas is vented via a ventilation means. The lowered oil / grease layer is preferably separated from the emulsion by a suitable measurement technique (e.g., a detector with an alternating electromagnetic field to distinguish dielectric properties), which allows the oil / grease to be drained manually or automatically.

[0068] The gas-added emulsion preferably exits the container laterally from the bottom region of the attachment filter and then flows into the capillary filter from the side of the lower region without any air bubbles. The capillary filter container contains the same diffusive filter material as described in the first two filters. The added emulsion flows through the filter material against gravity, allowing the remaining oil / grease to be trapped in the hollow space of the filter plate by capillary action. The purified emulsion then exits the headspace of the capillary filter container, whereby it is returned to the tank or container via a pipe or hose connection. A lateral flow occurs within the container, allowing the emulsion to be reused to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools. The capillary filter and capillary filter container are also referred to as reaction filters and reaction filter containers, respectively.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the inlet as a tangential inflow path to the emulsifier filter and the outlet from the capillary filter as a return path in this case may be retrofitted into existing conduits, for example of a central filter installation.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, an upper skimmer suction port, optionally using an immersion pump, is provided to suck the emulsion and oil-grease film from the emulsion tank / container by the skimmer.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, a lower skimmer suction port is provided to suck the emulsion and oil-grease film from the emulsion tank / container by the skimmer.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the skimmer is configured to allow both the emulsion and the oil-grease film to flow from the emulsion surface into the skimmer and be sucked from the emulsion tank / container.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the floating oil / grease film is sucked through the upper edge of the floating body and through the gap between the cylinder and the floating body with a suction capacity of 1-100%, preferably 10-90%, of the skimmer inflow, so that the oil-grease film ratio is less than 1 / 1, preferably less than 1 / 20, of the volume of liquid sucked.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the effective skimmer suction height is related to the emulsion transport efficiency, the density of the oil-grease film, and the downward flow in the skimmer, where the downward flow is between 0.1 cm / sec and 20 cm / sec, preferably 1 cm / sec, and the effective skimmer suction height is between 1 cm and 100 cm, preferably 10 cm.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the emulsion containing the oil-grease film is drawn into the emulsifier filter through a tubular hose connection under negative pressure by a suction and discharge pump.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the negative pressure causes excess gas in the emulsifier filter and in the emulsion to be drawn out of the emulsifier filter via the gas space, the mechanical leveling body and then the automatic leveling device.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, a preferably spherical filter medium floating on the surface of the emulsion space in the emulsifier filter is introduced into the rotating flow surrounding the mechanical leveling body by tangential inflow, whereby the filter medium is moved and collision occurs within the rotating flow against the formed oil-grease film, thereby forming small oil-grease droplets, which are then guided in the downward flow together with the emulsion.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the filter medium is preferably made of a diffusive plastic (polyamide), in which case up to 10% of the liquid, salts and gases diffuse into the filter medium, resulting in a constant osmotic exchange between the emulsion and the filter medium, which preferably allows anaerobic bacteria to settle on the surface of the filter medium, which are then constantly supplied with energy by osmotic exchange and in the process decompose some of the excess salt.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the filter medium is formed from a plurality of filter plates, preferably spherical and capillary, with adhesive properties, the material being preferably polyamide, since the intermediate spaces are not blocked by the constant osmotic pressure compensation.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the emulsion flows out of the emulsifier filter through the bottom of the screen, passes through a suction and discharge pump, receives gas / air supply via an injector, and is then pumped into the deposition filter. In this case, a foam-like emulsion is generated in the gas-emulsion distribution space. This emulsion is dispersed by a trickling element into the filter media located below, and gas is then added to the emulsion.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, excess gas and oil / grease foam are separated from the emulsion below the bottom of the screen, allowing the added emulsion to exit the vessel at the bottom of the load filter.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the excess gas flows together with the oil-grease bubbles into the automatic air vent via the oil-grease / waste air connection, where the gas collects on the level surface together with the oil-grease bubbles, and then the bubbles burst, allowing the excess gas to escape from the automatic air vent.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the oil-grease layer flows into the oil collection vessel via an oil separation connecting line, where the different densities between the emulsion and the oil / grease layer result in a stratified flow, whereby when the lighter oil / grease layer flows in, the heavier emulsion flows back out of the oil collection vessel into an automatic air vent, from which it then flows out via a level compensation line.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the gas-loaded oil / grease layer is separated in the headspace of the oil collection vessel, whereby the gas excess is vented via the vent means.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the retained oil-grease layer is classified from the emulsion by a detector and manual or automatic draining of the oil-grease layer can be performed.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the gassed emulsion exits the bottom of the attached filter.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the gas-added emulsion exits the bottom area of ​​the attached filter from the side and flows without bubbles into the capillary filter from below, flowing through the filter medium against gravity, whereby the remaining oil / grease can be trapped in the hollow spaces of the filter plate by capillary action. The clarified emulsion then flows into the headspace of the capillary filter from the filter equipment into the return line.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the effectiveness of the purification of emulsion from oil-grease films in a filter installation is monitored and controlled based on oxygen and conductivity measurements, whereby the conductivity probe (LS) and the oxygen probe (SS) can be used as control variables for the filter installation and for determining the quality of the emulsion.

[0089] Thus, the present invention also relates in particular to a filter installation for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oil, grease and salts on / in water-containing emulsions used for cooling and lubricating workpieces and tools during machining, in particular from containers and tanks used for holding and storing emulsions, the emulsions being used in this case for the purpose of cooling and lubricating workpieces and tools during machining, the filter installation comprising: a) at least one device, b) a device as a tangential inlet into the emulsifier filter; c) an air pump for adding gas; d) an adhesion filter with an automatic air extractor; e) an oil collection container with an outlet; and f) a capillary filter, the filter installation as a unit mechanically, physically and biologically treating the emulsion and the insoluble oil-grease droplets, whereby the oil / grease layer is subsequently separated from the filter system.

[0090] The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferably provided with a skimmer for sucking the emulsion and oil-grease film from the emulsion tank / container, preferably with an upper or lower skimmer suction port, optionally using an immersion pump.

[0091] The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferably configured such that the skimmer can suck both the emulsion and the oil-grease film from the emulsion surface into the skimmer and out of the emulsion tank / container.

[0092] The filter arrangement according to the invention is advantageous in that, by means of negative pressure, excess gas in the emulsifier filter and in the emulsion is drawn off from the emulsifier filter via a gas space, a mechanical leveling body and then an automatic leveling device.

[0093] The filter system according to the invention is suitable. In this case, the emulsifier in the filter is 1 kg / dm 3 A floating filter medium having a density less than 100 μm is provided.

[0094] The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferred, in which the filter medium of the emulsifier filter, the adhesion filter and / or the capillary filter is made of a diffusive plastic. The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferred, in which the filter medium of the emulsifier filter is made of a diffusive plastic.

[0095] The filter device according to the present invention is preferred in that up to 10% of the liquid, salts and gases diffuse into the filter medium, resulting in a constant osmotic exchange between the emulsion and the filter medium, which preferably allows anaerobic bacteria to settle on the surface of the filter medium, which are then constantly supplied with energy by the osmotic exchange and in the process decompose some of the excess salt.

[0096] The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferred, in which case the filter medium consists of polyamide or contains mainly polyamide.

[0097] The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferably such that the filter medium is spherical.

[0098] The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferably such that the filter medium is formed from a plurality of filter plates with capillary action.

[0099] The present invention also relates to a filter installation for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils, greases and salts on / in water-containing emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, particularly from containers and tanks used to hold and store the emulsions, the filter installation having a filter medium which consists at least primarily of a plurality of plastic plates positioned side by side and assembled into a single object, and in which a plastic having a water absorption rate of greater than 1% is used as the substrate for the plastic plates.

[0100] The filter device according to the invention is preferably such that the substrate for the plastic plate is polyamide, and the filter medium is spherical.

[0101] The filter arrangement according to the invention is preferably used alternatively or also to remove suspended particles, in particular metal wear particles, and it has surprisingly been found that the filter arrangement according to the invention also reduces the amount of metal wear particles in the emulsion.

[0102] The present invention also relates to a method for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils, greases and salts on / in water-containing emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, in particular from containers and tanks used to hold and store the emulsions, in which the filter equipment according to the present invention is used.

[0103] It has surprisingly been found that the filter medium described in DE 102009043110 A1 is not only suitable for cleaning pond systems and water tanks, but also for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils, greases, and salts from / in water-containing emulsions, particularly from containers and tanks used to hold and store emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during processing. The filter medium described therein can therefore preferably be used as an emulsifier filter, a deposit filter, or a capillary filter in the filter system according to the invention. The disclosure of DE 102009043110 A1 is therefore incorporated herein by reference.

[0104] In this case, a filter medium consisting of a plurality of plastic plates arranged side by side and combined into one body is preferred. In this case, a plastic having a water absorption rate of more than 1% is used as the substrate for the plastic plates. Preferably, the substrate is polyamide. Preferably, the polyamide is PA6, particularly PA6E.

[0105] Preferably, the substrate has a density of 1 kg / dm 3 Alternatively, the substrate is a polyamide having a density greater than 1 kg / dm 3 The density can advantageously influence whether the filter media floats on the emulsion or sinks within the emulsion.

[0106] Preferably, the filter media is formed as a ball-shaped, spherical, one-piece injection molded member.

[0107] Preferably, the filter media is formed from at least two injection molded pieces that are releasably bondable to one another.

[0108] In one embodiment, the substrate may be mixed with additives such as glass balls, air, gas, or fibers prior to injection.

[0109] Preferably, the filter arrangement is connected to a container or tank via an inlet and an outlet.

[0110] The present invention also relates to a method for removing metal wear debris in emulsions, in particular from containers and vessels used to hold and store water-containing emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, in which the oil-grease film and part of the emulsion are filtered by a filter installation according to the present invention.

[0111] Further preferred embodiments are evident from the dependent claims.

[0112] The invention will now be described in detail based on several embodiments and exemplary applications shown in the drawings, which should not be construed as limiting. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0113] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a filter installation according to the prior art; [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic diagram of the inventive rotational circulation of filter balls in an emulsifier filter; FIG. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of the collision of filter balls according to the invention during rotational circulation, which serves for oil-grease treatment in an emulsifier filter. [Figure 4] 1 is a three-dimensional view of a filter medium according to the invention as a filter ball. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic diagram of a filter installation according to the present invention; [Figure 6] 6 is an enlarged partial view of an automatic gas / air conditioning device according to the invention of the filter installation shown in FIG. 5. [Figure 7] 6 is an enlarged partial view of a level adjustment unit according to the invention of the filter installation shown in FIG. 5; [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred construction of a screen insert including a filter medium. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates a filter installation for processing emulsions from multiple processing machines.

[0114] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a complete filter installation according to the prior art.

[0115] Such a filter arrangement is described in WO 2014 / 198867, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0116] The basic principle of function will be explained based on the filter arrangement shown in Figure 1. Then, with reference to Figure 5, an improvement according to the invention will be explained.

[0117] The system is preferably entirely comprised of a cutting system and a reservoir and / or container of the cutting system in which the emulsion is provided, and includes inlet and outlet lines to the emulsion reservoir and / or container for the emulsion to be purified.

[0118] The main components of the filter equipment are, on the one hand, a skimmer 7 for sucking the emulsion 5 partially containing the oil-grease film 6, which, depending on the type and configuration of the emulsion tank / container 4, is either an upper skimmer suction port 7, or, in the case of multiple machines, a skimmer 7 with support for an immersion pump in the skimmer and a downstream collecting line, or a lower skimmer suction port 7, on the other hand, an emulsifier filter 1, an adhesion filter 2 and a capillary filter 3. The functions and structures of the individual components are explained below.

[0119] The water-containing emulsion 5 to be purified, which is used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, is introduced by the skimmer 7 through the skimmer outlet 11, the conduit or hose line, and the tangential inlet 12 into the emulsifier filter 1 and treated there.

[0120] The skimmer 7 simultaneously sucks the emulsion 5 and the oil-grease film 6 from the emulsion surface in the emulsion tank / container 4. The floating oil / grease film 6 is sucked in through the edge of the floating body 10. The floating body 10 is supported on the emulsion surface by a gas cushion 30a. In this case, the floating body 10 is held in position by a stationary cylinder protruding into the floating body 10. A gap exists between the cylinder and the floating body. This gap is sucked from the lower side 9 or the upper side 8 with a suction capacity of 1 to 100%, preferably 90%, of the emulsion inflow from below the emulsion surface, which is the skimmer inflow. This effect ensures that the proportion of the emulsion / oil-grease film 6 is less than 1 / 1, preferably less than 1 / 20, of the amount of liquid being sucked.

[0121] The effective skimmer suction height is related to the transport efficiency of the emulsion 5, the density of the oil-grease film 6, and the downward flow in the skimmer 7. This downward flow varies from 0.1 cm / sec to 20 cm / sec, preferably 1 cm / sec, and the effective skimmer suction height varies from 1 cm to 100 cm, preferably 10 cm.

[0122] The emulsion 5 containing the oil-grease film 6 is sucked under negative pressure from the emulsion tank / container 4 via the skimmer 7 and the tubular hose connection into the emulsifier filter 1. In this case, the suction by the suction / discharge pump 27 creates a negative pressure in the emulsifier filter 1 and in the emulsion 5. This negative pressure is simultaneously used to degas the emulsion 5, after which the excess gas is led out of the emulsifier filter 1 by means of an automatic level control device 17.

[0123] The mechanical leveling body 15 is a tubular cylinder located at the center of the axis. This tubular cylinder starts from the underside of the container lid and extends vertically downward into the emulsifier filter 1, which creates a rotational flow 20 surrounding the tubular cylinder. No flow stall occurs at the center of the axis, and an oil-grease film 6 is deposited there.

[0124] 1kg / dm floating within the rotational flow 20 3 To ensure a level surface of the filter medium 18 less than 1000 m, excess gas in the gas space of the emulsifier filter 1 is led from above under the lid into a tubular cylinder centrally located and held in the lid with a gap for gas passage. A second, smaller tubular cylinder attached and sealed to the lid protrudes up to the level surface of the emulsion, so that when the gas space 16 expands, excess gas 30a flows into the smaller tubular cylinder from below, and then, as the level rises, the tube is closed by the emulsion 5.

[0125] If the excess gas 30a is led out of the emulsifier filter 1 and the gas space 16, it is 1 kg / dm 3 Based on the ultra-high filter medium 24, emulsion 5 free from oil-grease film 6 flows into the tubular cylinder from below, after which the emulsion 5 is detected by an automatic level adjustment device and used to switch this level adjustment device.

[0126] At the surface of the emulsion space 19 in the emulsifier filter 1, a preferably spherical 1 kg / dm 2 emulsion is moved by the tangential inlet 12 in a rotating flow 20 surrounding the mechanical leveling body 15. 3 Less than 18 kg / dm of filter media is floating. 3 The smaller filter media 18 carries the formed oil-grease film 6 along as shown in Figure 2. This causes filter media collisions 21 within the rotating flow 20 as shown in Figure 3, which form small oil-grease droplets. These oil-grease droplets are then entrained in the downward flow together with the emulsion 5.

[0127] Emulsion 5 is made of a suitable diffusive plastic (polyamide) at 1 kg / dm 3 The emulsion flows around the filter medium 24. In this case, up to 10% of the liquid, salt, and gas 30a diffuse into the filter medium 38, resulting in a constant osmotic exchange between the emulsion and the filter medium 38. Anaerobic bacteria are preferably allowed to settle on the surface of the filter medium 38 and are constantly supplied with energy by osmotic exchange, thereby decomposing some of the excess salt.

[0128] The filter medium 38 is preferably spherical, since it flows around the loose balls, ensuring optimal resistance distribution. The osmotic pressure generated by the preferred material (polyamide) allows even bacterial flora to pass through, since it generates a high pressure difference. This constant osmotic pressure compensation ensures that the intermediate spaces between the filter ball plates are not blocked.

[0129] The emulsifier filter 1 further includes a flushing discharge valve 13 and a flushing liquid inlet channel 14 .

[0130] The emulsion leaves the emulsifier filter 1 through the screen bottom 25 and is pumped by a suction / discharge pump 27 from the outlet 26 through the inlet 33 into the deposition filter 2, which is equipped with a pressure monitoring device 34 and an air vent 35. The conduit has a viewing window 29. The emulsion 5 in the injector 28 is first fed by a gas / air supply 30. A foam emulsion 5 is generated in the gas-emulsion distribution space 36. The foam emulsion 5 is then dispersed by a trickling element 37 onto a preferably spherical filter medium 38 located below, and oxygen, as gas 30a, is added to the emulsion 5. The differential adhesion 38a between the emulsion 5 and the oil / grease causes a phase separation, resulting in the formation of gas bubbles from the oil / grease. The gas bubbles then collect on polyamide balls, which fall by gravity through the screen bottom 25 and then drip onto the level surface 41a. Emulsion 5 (approx. 0.98 kg / dm 3 ) and oil / grease (approx. 0.85 kg / dm 3 ) causes the lighter oil / grease bubbles to float on the level surface 41 a of the emulsion 5 below the screen bottom 25 as an oil-grease foam.

[0131] The excess gas 30a and oil / grease foam are separated from the emulsion 5 below the screen bottom 25, so that the added emulsion 5 leaves the container at the bottom of the attached filter 2. The consumed excess gas 30a flows together with the oil / grease foam into the automatic air vent 39 via the oil / grease / waste air connection 40a. When the gas 30a overflows from the attached filter 2 into the automatic air vent 39, the oil / grease bubbles collected on the level surface are burst by the bursting of the bubbles, and the excess gas 30a is discharged from the automatic air vent 39 as waste air 40. At this time, an oil / grease layer is formed. This oil / grease layer then flows via the oil separation connection 39c into the oil collection container 39d equipped with the air vent 39b. The different densities between the emulsion 5 and the oil / grease result in a stratified flow, whereby the heavier emulsion 5 flows back from the oil collection vessel 39d into the automatic air vent 39 when the lighter oil-grease enters, and then flows out of the air vent 39 via a level compensation channel 41. The oil-grease to which the gas 30a has been added separates in the headspace of the oil collection vessel 39d, whereby the gas excess is vented via aeration means 39e. The oil-grease layer remaining below is measured by a suitable measurement technique (e.g., a detector 39a with an alternating electromagnetic field to distinguish dielectric properties). In this way, the oil / grease can be separated from the emulsion 5, allowing for manual or automatic drainage of the oil / grease.

[0132] The gas-loaded emulsion 5 leaves the container at the bottom of the deposit filter 2 and then flows bubble-free from below via the inlet 42 into the capillary filter 3, into whose container a diffusive filter medium 38, identical to the filter medium already described for the first two filters, is inserted. The loaded emulsion 5 then flows through the filter medium 38 against gravity, allowing any remaining oil / grease to be trapped by capillary action in the hollow space of the filter plate. The clarified emulsion 5 then leaves the headspace of the capillary filter 3 through the return 44, from which it is returned to the emulsion tank / container 4 via a pipe or hose connection equipped with a temperature monitoring device 43. Lateral flows are created in the emulsion tank / container 4, allowing the emulsion 5 to be reused to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools.

[0133] If necessary, the purification of the emulsion 5 in the emulsion tank / container 4 can be interrupted. In this case, the emulsion flow can be short-circuited in a bypass 46 between the outlet of the capillary filter 3 and the inlet of the emulsifier filter 1. Thus, an adapted gas / air supply 30 of the bacteria via the flow regulator 31, the backflow preventer 32 and the injector 28 can be ensured.

[0134] The emulsion 5 flows upward from the bottom of the container against gravity into the headspace of the capillary filter 3. The relaxed gas 30a then expands from the emulsion 5 because the pressure resistance in the capillary filter 3 is smaller than the pressure resistance in the attached filter 2. This gas expansion can be detected by the oxygen sensor SS, which, in its calibration, indicates the saturation limit of the liquid emulsion 5. For example, fresh water can relax approximately 9.1 mg / L of oxygen at 20°C and a normal pressure of 1013 mbar, which corresponds to 100% saturation. At an overpressure of approximately 100 mbar (1113 mbar), this corresponds to approximately 10 mg / L, which corresponds to 110% saturation. This pressure is released during the upward flow in the capillary filter 3 because the static upward liquid column in the capillary filter 3 decreases. The reduced pressure causes the relaxed gas 30a to expand, generating small bubbles. The surfaces of these bubbles then absorb any remaining oil and grease that was not captured in the attached filter 2, the automatic air vent 39, or the oil collection container 39d. A conductivity probe LS, installed in the headspace of the capillary filter, measures the salt content of the emulsion 5. The measured value is expressed in μS / cm. For distilled water, this value is 0 μS / cm because, as a result, no salt is present. For household tap water, the value is approximately 400-700 μS / cm. For emulsions, this value can be significantly higher. Because of water evaporation and contamination from the emulsion during processing, the value can exceed 1000 μS / cm. The conductivity probe functions according to the principle of resistance. In this case, a voltage is applied between two, for example, stainless steel electrodes, which results in a few millivolts being measured at the positive electrode due to the liquid resistance of the emulsion, depending on the temperature at the second, negative electrode. It has been found that in this case, a fairly stable value is displayed for liquids without an oil-grease film 6. If oil- or grease-laden bubbles flow past the electrodes, the contact between the liquid and the electrodes is temporarily reduced, and thus the measured and displayed conductivity is also reduced due to the oil-grease deposit.In this case, fluctuations in the measured value of several hundred μS / cm may occur, and even fluctuations in the measured value of several thousand μS / cm may occur. These fluctuations are stabilized the fewer oil-grease bubbles there are in the emulsion 5. This fact can therefore be used as an indicator and a regulating and controlling variable for the purified emulsion 5, and therefore for controlling the pressure resistance and emulsion flow, as well as for adding gas.

[0135] 4 shows a suitable filter medium 132 for the filter device according to the invention. The filter medium 132 has a spherical shape 136 and is made of polyamide. Corresponding filter mediums are described in more detail in DE 10 2009 043 110 A1 and WO 2014 / 198867 A1.

[0136] FIG. 5 shows a preferred construction of a filter installation 1000 according to the present invention.

[0137] The structure and function is based on the filter installation shown in FIG. 1, but with the following differences that are important to the present invention:

[0138] The emulsion 105 is guided via the upper skimmer inlet 108 of the skimmer 107 and via the conduit 107 a into the tangential inlet 111 of the first filter vessel 101 .

[0139] In an advantageous configuration of the filter installation unit 1000, a three-way valve 128 is downstream of the intake and discharge circulation pump 127. The three-way valve inlet line 128a can be configured as an outlet line 128b to the right when the intake and discharge air pump 120 is sucking in emulsion. In this way, only the emulsifier filter vessel 101 and the intake and discharge circulation pump 127 are placed under vacuum. The air suction and the resulting vacuum are significantly reduced in volume because no vacuum is required in the two downstream filter vessels 102, 103.

[0140] Due to this advantageous configuration of the invention, the suction and discharge circulation pump 127 no longer needs to be additionally vented, since the suction of emulsion 105 from the machine bath / container 104 simultaneously fills the suction and discharge circulation pump 127 with this emulsion.

[0141] In another advantageous configuration of the mechanical leveling body 123, no longer is the dispersoid-laden emulsion 105 sucked into the leveling chamber, but a neutral clean liquid, which is preferably stored in a flexible container 122 positioned below the resting screen bottom 135 in the bottom region.

[0142] In this preferred configuration of the mechanical leveling body 123, a diaphragm compensation container 122 made of HDPE film is welded. The film consists of, for example, one piece of rectangular configuration. A hole is punched diagonally. A rigid transition body is then inserted into this hole and secured and sealed from the opposite side of the film by a threaded sealing element. The film is then welded on three sides. The diaphragm compensation container 122 is then screwed, preferably with an external thread, into the sleeve of the mechanical leveling body standpipe 123 and sealed.

[0143] In an advantageous configuration of the mechanical leveling body, a standpipe 123 is arranged vertically in the center of the axis of the emulsifier filter vessel 101. This standpipe 123 starts approximately 3 mm below the vessel lid and ends, against the downward force of gravity, in a threaded sleeve welded to the support screen bottom 135. The diaphragm compensation vessel 122, the screen bottom 135 and the standpipe 123 thus form a unit as a mechanical leveling body.

[0144] To remove gas from the headspace of the emulsifier filter vessel 101 and ensure a consistent level surface, the gas is directed into a centrally located gas overflow pipe 124 under the lid. The smaller diameter gas overflow pipe 124 is attached and sealed to the lid. The length of the gas overflow pipe 124 extends to a level surface similar to that of the emulsion, so that excess gas flows into the gas overflow pipe when the emulsion level drops below.

[0145] In another advantageous configuration of the mechanical leveling body, the fill level of the leveling liquid 125 is approximately equal to the fill level of the emulsion surrounding the mechanical leveling body. In this case, the emulsion inevitably generates static pressure on the diaphragm compensation container 122, which is preferably made of HDPE film. The fill level in the standpipe 123 of the mechanical leveling body is somewhat lower because the static pressure of the emulsion inevitably deforms the diaphragm compensation container 122. Depending on the stiffness of the diaphragm compensation container 122, the fill level of the leveling liquid 125 in the standpipe 123 is reduced. Depending on the stiffness, the level difference can be approximately 1 to 20 cm. For a diaphragm compensation container 122 made of 100 μm HDPE film, the fill level resistance is approximately 2 cm. In this case, to compensate the level, the gas overflow pipe 124 must be approximately 2 cm longer than the desired emulsion surface in the area of ​​the tangential inlet 111.

[0146] In another advantageous configuration, an automatic float air vent 113 is positioned on the exterior and lid of the emulsifier filter vessel 101, in line with the gas overflow pipe 124. The air pump 120 draws air from the gas space 115, causing the leveling liquid 125 to flow into the automatic float air vent 113, lifting the float together with the valve pin, which closes the gas-air outlet to the air pump 120. The pressure conditions surrounding and above the diaphragm compensation vessel 122 during the process are subject to only very slight fluctuations, allowing continuous release of excess gas. In this case, the emulsion level changes by only a few millimeters. This prevents damage to the diaphragm compensation vessel 122 due to its increased deflection.

[0147] A further advantage of leveling the emulsion fill level in the emulsifier filter vessel 101 is the automatic gas / air regulator 117, whereby an inlet / outlet air pump 120 pumps excess gas through the automatic float air vent 113 while simultaneously pumping fresh air into the second filter vessel 102 through a vent valve 121.

[0148] When the filter installation 1000 is started up, emulsion 105 is sucked from the emulsion tank / container 104 into the emulsifier filter container 101. This creates a vacuum, and thus a static negative pressure, depending on the suction height / resistance 109. For example, at a suction height of 1 m, the air intake / discharge pump 120 necessarily generates a negative pressure of 100 mbar. To prevent the air intake / discharge pump 120 from sucking in fresh air through the supply air intake filter 118, a mechanical, spring-loaded regulating valve 119 is installed as the automatic gas / air regulator 117. The automatic gas / air regulator 117 and thus the valve opening are preset to more than 100 mbar. To ensure an excessive negative pressure, the resistance of the automatic gas / air regulator 117 is preset to 150 mbar. The inlet / outlet air pump 120 then pumps the air-gas mixture through the vent valve and into the downstream oxidation filter vessel 102 .

[0149] To enable automatic operation of the filter system, the changing negative pressure in the emulsifier filter vessel 101 is measured at the start of operation. The vacuum gauge 112 can measure the increasing negative pressure depending on the filling level of the emulsion 105. A negative pressure stagnation can be created by computer control for subsequent switching. A no longer changing negative pressure of, for example, 100 mbar signals that the emulsifier filter vessel 101 is fully filled. The suction / discharge circulation pump 127 is automatically activated, and the emulsion 105 is circulated through the emulsifier filter vessel 101 in a bypass from the inlet 128a of the three-way valve 128 from below to the outlet 128b of the three-way valve to the right. In this case, excess air can be removed via the gas space 115. If the emulsion 105 is circulating steadily, switching from the right position 128b to the left three-way valve outlet 128c can occur based on pressure-vacuum changes or pump data readouts, or only after a series of steps in time.

[0150] After the three-way valve 128 is switched to the left, the suction and discharge circulation pump 127 pumps the emulsion into the headspace of the oxidation filter vessel 102. There, air is then mixed with the emulsion. The excess air is then discharged as waste air 129 via the automatic air vent 130. The emulsion 105 then flows into the downstream reaction filter vessel 103 at the side below the oxidation filter vessel 102 and then flows out of the reaction filter vessel 103 to the left in the headspace.

[0151] In another advantageous configuration of the invention, the pressure in the headspace of the oxidation filter vessel 102 is measured by a pressure gauge 114. In this case, computer control can detect and evaluate the variable resistance throughout the process.

[0152] The advantageous arrangement of the container outlet pipe piece from the emulsifier filter container 101 as a horizontal, lateral container outlet 126 prevents vortex formation compared to bottom suction, which additionally results in a uniform circulation of the emulsion 105 and provides space for the diaphragm compensation container 122.

[0153] In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the filter media 132 are inserted into a screen cylinder 133, as shown in detail in FIG. 8. To enable the screen cylinder 133 to be inserted into each filter vessel 101, 102, 103 to form the unit 131, a gap is required between the screen cylinder 133 and the vessel inner wall 106. The gap 134 between the screen cylinder and the vessel inner wall must not be excessively large, because otherwise the emulsion 105 may flow down the passageway. To avoid this, the screen mesh width is approximately 20% smaller than the diameter of the spherical filter media 132.

[0154] One filter element 132 may have a diameter of, for example, 12 mm. In this case, the screen cylinder 133 preferably has a screen mesh width 133a of 10 mm x 10 mm. This allows for a ball overhang of approximately 2.7 mm. This means that the inner diameter of the containers 101, 102, and 103 is 150 mm. The screen cylinder may have an outer diameter of 145 mm. Therefore, the gap 134 between the screen cylinder 133 and the container inner wall 106 allows for easy installation and removal during maintenance.

[0155] In another advantageous configuration of the screen cylinder 133, the screen bottom 135 is welded to the screen cylinder 133, thereby forming a basket that allows the filter media 132 to be removed all at once for maintenance.

[0156] Figure 6 shows an enlarged portion of the automatic gas and air conditioning system 117 shown in Figure 5. The upper sections of the first filter vessel 101 and the second filter vessel 102 can be seen, along with the gas space 115, the vacuum gauge 112, the automatic float air bleeder 113, the supply air intake filter 118, the negative pressure regulator 119, the inlet / outlet air pump 120, the vent valve 121 and the pressure gauge 114.

[0157] Figure 7 shows an enlarged section of the leveling unit 110 for the first filter vessel 101 shown in Figure 5. The suction height 109, the compensation vessel 122 containing the leveling liquid 125, the standpipe 123, and the gas overflow pipe 124, through which gas can be guided from the gas space 115 into the automatic float air vent 113, can again be seen. The emulsion is guided from the lateral vessel outlet 126 via a circulation pump 127 to a three-way valve 128 with an inlet a and both outlets b and c.

[0158] 8 shows an enlarged portion of the screen insert structure 131 in the third filter vessel 103, now with the inner wall 106. The screen insert consists of a screen cylinder 133 and a screen bottom 135. Within the screen insert are a number of spherical filter media 132. The screen cylinder 133 has a mesh width 133a that is sized to allow the filter media 132 to extend beyond the screen cylinder 133, thereby filling the gap 134 between the screen cylinder 133 and the vessel inner wall 106 with the filter media 132.

[0159] As shown in Fig. 9, the filter installation may also be used to process emulsions from several processing machines. In this case, emulsion from the individual emulsion tanks / vessels 4 is preferably fed by an immersion pump 47 into a common feed line SV, from which it reaches the emulsifier filter 1. Return is via a common return line SR, from which individual lines LR lead via float valves 48 to the individual emulsion tanks / vessels 4 of each machine. This construction is also possible according to the invention for a filter installation according to the invention, as shown in Fig. 5. [Explanation of symbols]

[0160] 1: Emulsifier filter 2: Attached filter 3: Capillary filter 4: Emulsion tank / container 5: Emulsion 6: Oil-grease film 7. Skimmer 8: Upper skimmer inlet 9: Lower skimmer inlet 10: Floating body 11: Skimmer outlet 12:Tangential inflow path 13:Flushing discharge valve 14: Flushing liquid inlet 15: Mechanical level adjustment body 16: Gas Space 17: Automatic level adjustment device 18:1kg / dm 3 Less than 100% filter media 19: Emulsion Space 20: Rotating flow 21: Filter media collision 24:1kg / dm 3 Ultra Filter Media 25: Bottom of the screen 26: Emulsifier filter outlet 27: Suction and discharge pump 28: Injector 29: Peephole 30: Gas / air supply means 30a: Gas 31:Flow regulator 32:Backflow blocker 33: Attached filter inlet 34: Pressure monitoring means 35: Air vent means 36: Gas emulsion distribution space 37: Trickle element 38: Filter medium 39: Automatic air vent 39a: Detector (oil / water / emulsion) 39b: Outflow tract (oil / water / emulsion) 39c: Oil separation connection line 39d: Oil collection container 39e: Ventilation 40: Waste air 40a: Oil-grease foam / waste air connection 41: Level Compensation Path 41a: Level surface (oil / water / emulsion) 41b: Oil-grease foam 42: Capillary filter inlet 43: Temperature monitoring means 44: Return Route 46: Bypass 47: Immersion pump 48: Automatic float valve 101: Emulsifier filter container 102: Oxidation filter container 103: Reaction filter container 104: Emulsion tank / container 105: Emulsion 106: Container inner wall 107: Skimmer 107a: Conduit 108: Upper skimmer inlet 109: Intake height / resistance 110: Level adjustment unit 111:Tangential inflow path 112: Vacuum gauge 113: Automatic float type air vent 114: Pressure gauge 115: Gas Space 116: Emulsion Space 117: Automatic gas / air regulator 118: Supply air intake filter 119: Negative pressure regulator 120: Intake and discharge air pump 121: Vent valve 122: Diaphragm compensation vessel 123: Mechanical level adjustment body standpipe 124: Gas overflow pipe 125: Level adjustment fluid 126: Lateral vessel outflow tract 127: Intake and discharge circulation pump 128: Three-way valve 128a: Three-way valve inlet from below 128b: Three-way valve outflow tract to the right 128c: Three-way valve outflow tract to the left 129: Waste air 130: Automatic air vent 131: Construction of screen inserts in vessels 132: Filter media 133: Screen cylinder 133a: Screen mesh width 134: Gap between the screen cylinder and the inner wall of the container 135: Bottom of the screen 136: Spherical 1000: Filter equipment LS: Conductivity probe (measurement unit is pS / cm) SS: Oxygen probe (saturation rate of emulsion depending on temperature, measured value is %) SV: Collective feed pipe SR: Collective return pipe

Claims

1. 1. A filter installation (1000) for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils and greases on / in water-containing emulsions from containers and tanks used to hold and store said emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, the filter installation comprising: - a device for sucking said emulsion (105) from the emulsion tank / container (104); a line (107a) from said device (107) to the inlet (111) of the first filter vessel (101); an outlet (126) from said first filter vessel (101); a pump (127) connected to said outlet channel (126); a second filter vessel (102) equipped with a vent valve (121); a third filter vessel (103) connected via a line to the second filter vessel (102); A filter installation (1000) comprising at least: The filter installation (1000) comprises a three-way valve (128), the inlet (128a) of which is connected to the pump (127), the first three-way outlet (128b) of which is connected to the first filter vessel (101), and the second three-way outlet (128c) of which is connected to the second filter vessel (102).

2. 2. The filter installation of claim 1, wherein the first filter vessel (101) comprises a number of spherical filter media (132).

3. 3. The filter installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first filter vessel (101) comprises a level adjustment unit (110) having a vertically extending pipe (123) and a flexible vessel (122) attached to the open lower end of the pipe (123), and a liquid (125) is present in the vessel (122) and in the pipe (123).

4. 4. A filter installation according to claim 1, wherein the first filter vessel (101) has a gas overflow pipe (124) in its upper region, the gas overflow pipe (124) being connected to a pump (120) connected to the second filter vessel (102).

5. 5. A filter installation according to claim 4, which is dependent on claim 3, characterized in that the vertically extending pipe (123) opens upward, the gas overflow pipe (124) reaches with its lower end into the vertically extending pipe (123), and the gas overflow pipe (124) has a smaller diameter than the vertically extending pipe (123), thereby allowing gas to flow into the upper opening of the vertically extending pipe (123).

6. 6. A filter installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first filter vessel (101) comprises a vacuum gauge (112).

7. 7. A filter installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second filter vessel (102) comprises a pressure gauge (114).

8. 8. The filter installation according to claim 7, when dependent on claim 6, characterized in that the three-way valve (128), the pump (127), the pump (120), the vacuum gauge (112) and the pressure gauge (114) are connected to a computer for controlling the filter installation.

9. 1. A filter installation (1000) for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils and greases on / in water-containing emulsions from containers and tanks used to hold and store said emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, the filter installation comprising: - a device for sucking said emulsion (105) from the emulsion tank / container (104); a line (107a) from said device (107) to the inlet (111) of the first filter vessel (101); - said first filter vessel (101); - a line from said first filter vessel (101) to a second filter vessel (102); - said second filter vessel (102); a third filter vessel (103) connected via a line to the second filter vessel (102); A filter equipment comprising at least:

1. A filter installation, characterized in that the first filter vessel (101), the second filter vessel (102), and / or the third filter vessel (103) each have one removable screen insert (131) in which a number of spherical filter media (132) are arranged.

10. 10. A filter installation according to claim 9, characterized in that the screen insert (131) is formed from lateral screen gratings (133) and a screen bottom (135).

11. The filter equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that the side screen grid portions (133) of the screen insert (131) have a screen mesh width (133a) that is at least 10% to at most 30% smaller than the diameter of the spherical filter media (132).

12. 1. A filter installation (1000) for removing and / or neutralizing insoluble oils and greases on / in water-containing emulsions from containers and tanks used to hold and store said emulsions used to cool and lubricate workpieces and tools during machining, the filter installation comprising: - a device for sucking said emulsion (105) from the emulsion tank / container (104); a line (107a) from said device (107) to the inlet (111) of the first filter vessel (101); - said first filter vessel (101); - a line from said first filter vessel (101) to a second filter vessel (102); said second filter vessel (102); a third filter vessel (103) connected to the second filter vessel (102) via a conduit; A filter equipment comprising at least: The first filter vessel (101) has a level adjustment unit (110) having a vertically extending pipe (123) and a flexible vessel (122) attached to the open lower end of the pipe (123), and a liquid (125) is present in the vessel (122) and the pipe (123).

13. 1 kg / dm ３ 13. A filter installation according to any one of claims 1 to 12, provided with a floating filter medium (132) having a density less than

14. 14. The filter arrangement of claim 13, wherein the filter media (132) is formed from a diffusive plastic.

15. 15. A filter arrangement according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the filter medium (132) consists of or contains polyamide.

16. 16. A filter arrangement according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the filter medium (132) is formed from a filter plate having capillary action.

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