Greening mats and greening methods using greening mats

Abstract

To provide a greening mat and a greening method that enable coexistence with herbivores. [Solution] Starting from the bottom, layers of Russell netting, plain-woven shading netting, nonwoven fabric, vegetation base soil (laid out to a thickness of 2 to 20 cm and compressed to a thickness of 1 to 10 cm), nonwoven fabric, Russell netting, plain-woven shading netting, and Russell netting are layered in this order and sewn vertically at 4 cm intervals to form a rot-resistant greening mat. This greening mat is laid and fixed in place in the area to be greened, promoting the coexistence of greenery with herbivores. To provide an inexpensive method for reinforcing a slope, capable of preventing the surface layer of the slope from sliding down due to rain, earthquakes, etc.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention protects slopes while promoting coexistence with herbivores in order to prevent the slopes from becoming bare due to damage caused by herbivores after slope protection work in mountainous areas. Greening mat This is about a slope greening method using this method. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to prevent landslides and preserve the natural landscape, greening work is commonly carried out to protect slopes and other areas with plant communities. However, in mountainous areas where greening work is being carried out and where herbivores are present, damage occurs in that the plants that have germinated on the slopes where greening work has been carried out are eaten by the herbivores, resulting in poor growth and decline of the greening plants, and the problem of insufficient greening has arisen.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a herbivore prevention method for achieving symbiosis with herbivores using a herbivore prevention device that includes a perforated plate that is placed to cover the ground to prevent damage caused by herbivores eating the plant or by trampling, etc., a spacer that separates the perforated plate from the ground and forms a plant growth space between the perforated plate and the ground, and a load distribution material that is placed on the ground and joined to the spacer to prevent the spacer from sinking into the ground, and is configured so that plants grown in the plant growth space can extend through the holes in the perforated plate.

[0004] However, in Patent Document 1, which is a feeding damage prevention method that aims to coexist with herbivores, the parts of the feeding damage prevention device that extend outward from the perforated plate holes on the surface are designed so that herbivores can feed on them, but the perforated plate that covers the surface is made of resin or metal that is strong enough not to deform even when a person or deer stands on it.Therefore, if the feeding damage prevention device is installed on steep slopes such as slopes, the hooves of deer standing on the perforated plate, which is strong enough not to deform, will slip, making it difficult for them to walk or climb up and down, making it unsuitable as a feeding ground for deer. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-65587 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In the feeding damage prevention method using the feeding damage prevention device, slopes are slippery for herbivores with hooves, making it difficult for them to walk or climb up and down, so although the herbivores are driven away and feeding damage is prevented, the feeding grounds of the herbivores are taken away, and the herbivores move to other places in search of new feeding grounds, causing new feeding damage there. Therefore, we provide a greening method that allows herbivores to walk, climb up and down steep slopes and feed safely, and that uses greening plants that can regenerate any number of times without declining even if eaten by herbivores, to protect slopes and achieve coexistence with herbivores. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] From the bottom, a Russell net with a mesh size of 2 to 10 mm, a plain woven shading net with a shading rate of 60%, and a nonwoven fabric that allows plant sprouts and roots to pass through to prevent the vegetation base soil from escaping are layered in this order to form the bottom. Vegetation base soil (Artificial soil made from fine-grained bark compost, sphagnum moss, peat moss, vermiculite, fiber, and mountain sand to which mixed seeds of grasses, western lawn grass, and ivy species, as well as chemical fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer have been added) is spread out to a thickness of 2 to 20 centimeters and then compressed to form a vegetation base soil 1 to 10 centimeters thick. In other words, vegetation base soil laid out at a thickness of 2 cm is compressed to 1 cm, vegetation base soil laid out at a thickness of 10 cm is compressed to 5 cm, and vegetation base soil laid out at a thickness of 20 cm is compressed to 10 cm. On top of that, to prevent the vegetation base soil from flowing out, a nonwoven fabric that allows plant sprouts and roots to pass through, a 2 to 10 mm mesh Russell net, a plain woven shading net with a 60% shading rate, and another 2 to 10 mm mesh Russell net are layered in this order to form the top, and the bottom and top are integrated to prevent the vegetation base soil from moving inside the vegetation base, and to firmly maintain the structure, it is sewn vertically at 4 cm intervals using corrosion-resistant high-density polyethylene warp threads of 380 denier and insert threads of 950 denier, resulting in a highly water-retaining, corrosion-resistant fabric that allows plant sprouts and roots to pass through. Greening mat Form.

[0008] Greening mat The structure of the plant prevents herbivores from uprooting it, protects the growing points near the roots, and prevents wear and tear and damage from being trampled.

[0009] The above slopes of the areas to be revegetated Greening mat This allowed for feeding areas for herbivores and for the regeneration of ingested vegetation. Greening mat We provide a slope greening method that aims to coexist with herbivores through reforestation using vegetation. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] Greening mat The mat has a double Russell net and a plain weave shading net on the top, which prevents herbivores from eating the plants uprooted and from trampling them with their hooves.By protecting the growing points (near the roots) of growing grasses, western lawn grasses, and ivy, the plants will not be eaten uprooted by herbivores, and as long as the roots remain, the grasses and other plants will be able to regenerate again and again without decline, allowing the slopes to be greened and for herbivores to coexist as a feeding ground.

[0011] Also, Greening matBecause the material retains its softness, it is a slope protection method that allows herbivores to climb on it to feed, walk steadily, and climb up and down even on steep slopes, and it is a slope greening method that allows coexistence with herbivores. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a greening mat. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of a greening mat. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a cross section of the greening method (soil, sand, soft rock, etc., and hard rock, etc.). [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a greening mat made of hard rock or the like according to the greening method. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the slope greening method after construction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [Example]

[0014] In Figure 1, the base is formed by layering, from bottom to top, Russell netting 1a with a mesh size of 2 to 10 mm, plain-weave shading netting 1b with a shading rate of 60%, and nonwoven fabric 1c, which allows plant roots to pass through and prevents the vegetation base soil from eroding. On top of that, vegetation base soil 1d (artificial soil made from fine-grained bark compost, sphagnum moss, peat moss, vermiculite, fiber, and mountain sand, with the addition of mixed seeds of grasses, western lawn grass, and ivy, chemical fertilizer, and slow-release fertilizer) is spread to a thickness of 2 to 20 cm and compressed to form vegetation base soil to a thickness of 1 to 10 cm. In other words, vegetation base soil spread to a thickness of 2 cm is compressed to 1 cm, and vegetation base soil spread to a thickness of 10 cm is compressed to 5 cm. Furthermore, vegetation base soil spread to a thickness of 20 cm is compressed to 10 cm. On top of that is layered nonwoven fabric 1c which allows plant sprouts to pass through to prevent the vegetation base soil from escaping, Russell netting 1a with a mesh size of 2 to 10 mm, plain woven shading netting 1b with a shading rate of 60%, and Russell netting 1a with a mesh size of 2 to 10 mm to form the top, and the bottom and top are integrated to prevent the vegetation base soil 1d from moving inside the vegetation base, and the mat is sewn by machine using corrosion-resistant high-density polyethylene warp threads of 380 denier and insertion threads of 950 denier 1e at 4 cm intervals to firmly maintain the structure.This is a cross-sectional view of a water-retaining, corrosion-resistant greening mat 1 which allows plant sprouts and roots to pass through.

[0015] Made of corrosion-resistant materials Greening mat is highly resistant to infrared and ultraviolet rays, does not corrode, and is protected from the summer sun and winter cold. Vegetation base soil This vegetation mat provides long-term protection, allows for the long-term growth of plants, and prevents the vegetation base soil from eroding even on steep slopes such as slopes, making it possible to achieve long-term vegetation greening.

[0016] Figure 2 shows the above Greening mat 1 is an explanatory diagram.

[0017] Greening matThe seeds inserted into the container have growing points near the roots, and are a mixture of grasses and other plants that can regenerate any number of times as long as the roots remain, preventing the plants from declining even if they are eaten by herbivores.

[0018] Figure 3 shows the construction surface of a slope made of soil or soft rock to prevent damage caused by herbivores. Greening mat After correcting any unevenness so that 1 adheres tightly, lay it down and insert L-shaped anchor pin 2. Greening mat Fix 1 to the construction site such as a slope.

[0019] If the slope is made of hard rock, etc. and the L-shaped anchor pin 2 cannot be inserted, drive in a concrete anchor pin 3. Greening mat 1 is a cross-sectional view of a greening method in which the device 1 is fixed to a construction site such as a slope.

[0020] Figure 4 shows the Greening mat 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the position of straw pipes 4 for casting concrete anchor pins 3 at eight locations per square meter.

[0021] The straw pipes are installed to prevent the drilling machine from becoming entangled with the mat fibers when installing the anchor pins.

[0022] Figure 5 shows the slope where herbivores live. Greening mat This is the situation one month after construction using the greening method using 1. Greening mat The seeds of grasses and other plants contained in 1 are Greening mat 1 Grass plants6 have sprouted and grown all over the area, protecting the slope and improving the landscape.

[0023] At the same time, it protects the growing point even if it is eaten by herbivores in the future. Greening mat The grasses in 1 and 6 can regenerate over and over again, so they can provide feeding grounds for herbivores, allowing herbivores and greenery to coexist. Greening method is.

[0024] In addition, the greening method used to create unstable steep slopes for walking can also be used as a path (animal trail) for wild animals other than herbivores to walk safely on unstable steep slopes. [Industrial Applicability]

[0025] Greening mat This greening method using this technique is likely to be widely used in the future as a greening method that allows coexistence with herbivores in mountainous areas where herbivores are found.

[0026] Also, Greening mat In areas where springs are present on the slope or where repeated freezing and thawing occurs, the method has a higher water retention capacity than the general bedrock vegetation base spraying method. Vegetation base soil Because the material is wrapped in plain woven or nonwoven fabric, it is a structure that can withstand heat, cold, wind pressure, and melting snow, and has the excellent feature of not causing erosion by running water or collapse of the vegetation base material due to freezing and thawing.

[0027] The rain Greening mat Since the road runs on top of the ground, the natural ground is protected and erosion and collapse of the slope can be prevented.

[0028] Furthermore, even on concrete and asphalt surfaces, Vegetation base soil The product contains organic fertilizers and slow-acting fertilizers, and has stable water retention, which helps plants grow, and can be used for rooftop greening, greening of roofs, greening of walls, etc.

[0029] After the Great East Japan Earthquake, concrete coastal embankments were built as part of disaster recovery efforts in the coastal areas of Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima prefectures, but concrete gets hot in the summer and cold in the winter. Greening mat By installing this on these concrete coastal embankments, the coastal embankments will be protected with green vegetation, maintaining a beautiful appearance and environmental conservation. [Explanation of symbols]

[0030] 1 Greening mat 1a Russell Net 1b Plain weave shade net 1c non-woven fabric 1d Vegetation base soil 1e Sewing thread 2 L-shaped anchor pins 3 Concrete anchor pins 4 straw tubes 5 Slope 6 Grass family plants, etc.

Claims

1. A greening mat characterized by a structure in which a Russell net, a shading net with a shading rate of 60% placed on the Russell net, and a nonwoven fabric placed on the shading net are layered in order to form a bottom, vegetation base soil having seeds is spread on the bottom, and an upper part consisting of nonwoven fabric, a shading net with a shading rate of 60%, and the Russell net layered in order on the vegetation base soil is placed on top of the vegetation base soil, and the bottom and upper part are sewn together with warp threads so that the vegetation base soil is compressed and firmly held in place by the bottom and upper part.

2. A greening method in which the greening mat described in claim 1 is used on a slope.

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