Contactors and their general-purpose switch devices

Abstract

The present invention relates to a contactor, the inside of which contains an arc-extinguishing medium or has a vacuum sealed space, and is divided into two chambers by a movable contactor, the movable contactor is provided with a hollow contact unit that communicates the two chambers, the chamber is provided with a fixed contactor and its contact unit, the fixed contactor is provided with a hollow or solid contact unit, the movable contactor performs a reciprocating motion, the movable contactor contact unit is attached to and detached from the fixed contactor contact unit, the two chambers are alternately compressed and expanded, the arc-extinguishing medium flows reciprocatingly through the movable contactor hollow contact unit and the arc gap between the movable contactor contact unit and the fixed contactor contact unit, and circulates between the two chambers, and a contactor and its self-circulating reciprocating synchronous arc-extinguishing pump are provided to turn on and off the contactor and perform its synchronous arc-extinguishing.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a contactor, and a contactor equipped with an arc-extinguishing pump. and its general-purpose switch It is equipment. [Background technology]

[0002] A contactor is a switching device that achieves electrical connection between the external power supply end and the load end through the contact of their internal electrical contacts. Distributed contactor devices in smart grids, power generation and grid interconnections, and various nodes, such as urban, industrial, and community power supply entrances and power distribution, require system automatic management and require large capacity, stability, and early warning and maintenance. However, distributed and frequently switched power switching devices in power locomotives, large electromagnetic power units, electric vehicle power batteries, green energy power generation, and extreme application environments (such as aerospace and underwater power systems) have high requirements for their power density, safety, arc resistance, durability, lifespan, and controllability.

[0003] However, the number of contacts in the prior art contactors is small, resulting in high contact resistance; the butting contacts are prone to contact bounce, deformation, displacement and wear; in addition to arcing, the high contact resistance leads to irreversible contact deterioration, and contact contamination and oxidation due to the atmospheric environment; the single bellows contact chamber has large pressure fluctuations, making it prone to leakage; the seal also increases the movement resistance of the moving contact, restricting the stroke of the moving contact and increasing its dynamic and static losses; and although there are many types of conventional contactors and their structures are diverse, the arc problem has not yet been effectively solved. Furthermore, due to the accumulation and combination of various factors, the contacts may gradually deteriorate or break quickly, ultimately causing accidents such as welding or burning without early warning, resulting in joint damages and high costs for many parties on the load and power receiving side. Arcs may ignite flammable gas that has accidentally leaked. The pneumatic and electromagnetic operating device and its arc-extinguishing mechanism of the contactor make the contactor large and complex, requiring manual reset, causing high noise and power consumption, and generating electromagnetic interference in the electromagnetic operating device, and the possibility of electromagnetic shock causing incorrect operation. All of these problems need to be resolved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The contactor of the present invention is provided with a self-circulating reciprocating synchronous arc-extinguishing pump, which performs targeted synchronous arc-extinguishing for the arc gap of the contactor, and effectively protects the contacts of the contactor from arc breakdown; the contact units of the contactor make contact by means of insertion and lateral sliding, which avoids the mechanical shock, noise and contact bounce caused by the abutting contact in the prior art; the contactor maintains contact by means of the lateral elasticity of the contact ends, which does not require power consumption to maintain contact; the contactor has one contact unit divided into multiple contact ends, each of which forms a number of contacts to form a multi-contact low-resistance contact interface; when the contactor is provided with contact units distributed in an array, the number of contacts is quite large, and the contact The present invention significantly reduces the power consumption of the contactor, improves its power density, delays the deterioration of the contactor contacts due to long-term electrothermal effects, and significantly extends the service life of the contactor, especially in an oxygen-free, contaminant-free enclosed space. The array-distributed contact units provide an array-distributed arc gap interface, so that arcs will occur in all arc gaps or a few arcs will wander between the arc gaps; the former disperses the arc, while the latter shortens the duration of impact on a single contact, avoiding the arc concentration caused by high temperatures at a few contacts in prior art contactors. Each arc gap is also impacted by an arc-extinguishing medium, so that arcs are quickly extinguished or have no chance of forming. The contactor of the present invention further comprises a microprocessor module, a motion control system, and a contactor maintenance and fault early warning system. The microprocessor module implements automatic and intelligent control for the contactor, the motion control system not only performs automatic switching operation but also further improves the arc extinguishing effect and protection for the contacts, and the contactor maintenance and early warning system issues different early warnings before contactor failure occurs, so that the contactor can achieve a sufficient service life and also avoid the occurrence of failure without early warning.

[0005] a contactor having an enclosed space containing a liquid or gas arc-extinguishing medium or evacuated, one movable contactor dividing the enclosed space into two chambers, at least one of which is provided with a fixed contactor, a fixed contactor contact unit fitted to the movable contactor contact unit, the movable contactor being provided with a hollow contact unit for communicating the two chambers, the movable contactor reciprocating, the movable contactor contact unit being attached to and detached from the fixed contactor contact unit, the two chambers being alternately compressed and expanded, the arc-extinguishing medium passing through the hollow contact unit reciprocatingly impacting the arc gap between the movable contactor and the fixed contactor contact unit, circulating between the two chambers, and a contactor and its self-circulating reciprocating synchronous arc-extinguishing pump being provided to turn the contactor on and off and synchronously extinguish the arc.

[0006] The movable contactor has a moving contactor movement architecture, including a movable contactor sleeve, at least two bearing pedestals extending from its outer wall and their linear bearings, and a bearing guide rail, both ends of which are fixed to parallel first and second fixed plates at an angle position, and other fixed and supporting parts are added to form a two-layer rigid framework, the fixed contactor is fixed to the first fixed plate, and a metal elastic bellows is provided, the first port of which houses the fixed contactor, and the second port of which houses the movable contactor, and the movable contactor sleeve is connected to the second port of the first bellows, the movable contactor, and the first port of the second bellows. a second bellows sleeve is fitted with a sleeve, the second bellows' second pipe port is fixed to a second fixed plate, or a second fixed contact is fitted with a sleeve and then fixed to the second fixed plate, the movable contact sleeve reciprocates along a bearing guide rail between the two fixed plates under the action of an external force, the movable contactor contact unit is attached to and detached from the fixed contactor contact unit, the two bellows expand and contract alternately, the arc-extinguishing medium circulates between the two bellows and passes through the hollow part of the movable contactor contact unit to flow back and forth in the arc gap between the movable contactor and the fixed contactor contact unit, and removes the arc and its heat, thereby providing a double bellows arc-extinguishing pump contactor. One force receiving point of the movable contact sleeve drives the movable contactor to move in one direction or reciprocate, either directly or through another structure, by a pressing force from a human being or an acting force generated by a spring force, air force, hydraulic force, an electromagnetic operating device, or other power device, thereby turning the contactor on or off, or on and off; optionally, the movable contactor sleeve is fixed, and the acting force is applied to a portion other than the movable contactor sleeve, so that the fixed contactor moves in one direction or reciprocates relative to the movable contactor, turning the contactor on or off, or on and off.

[0007] The fixed contactor includes a connection board packaged within the fixed contact insulating disk or extending outward to form an external wiring end, and one or an array of fixed contactor contact units, one end of which is connected to the connection board and the contact end of which protrudes from the disk surface of the insulating disk; the movable contactor includes a connection board packaged within the movable contact insulating disk or extending outward to form an external wiring end, and one or an array of movable contactor hollow contact units, which penetrate the connection board, one end of which opens on one side of the insulating disk, the contact end of which protrudes from the disk surface of the insulating disk, and is paired one-to-one with the contact end of the fixed contactor at equal intervals; the movable contactor is provided with double contact ends protruding from both sides of the insulating disk. The materials of the fixed contact, the movable contact contact unit, and the connection substrate can be commonly used metals, such as iron and aluminum, which are easily available and processed, since they are installed in an oxygen-free clean or sealed environment. The contact units and their connection substrates can be made by mixing or laminating one or more of these available metals. The fixed contact contact unit is a hollow or solid conductor, whose contact end is divided into multiple contact ends by longitudinal notches, the movable contact hollow contact unit is divided into multiple contact ends by longitudinal slit notches, the inner port of the hollow conductor is provided with two layers of constricted segments, consisting of deep constricted segments and shallow constricted segments, and the contact ends of the movable contact and the fixed contact are inserted with the notches and notches staggered so that one contact end has multiple contacts, and the number of contacts formed by one contact unit is several times the number of its contact ends, providing a multi-contact, low-resistance contact interface.The movable contact hollow contact unit is an electric cannula, and the boundary contact contact unit is an electric pin. The electric cannula is equally divided into several tile-shaped contact ends by slit notches, and the electric pin is equally divided into several finger-shaped ends by wide notches, with the number of contact ends of both being the same. The electric cannula inner port is provided with two layers of annular narrowed segments, the notches or grooves of which are inserted in an orthogonal staggered manner to connect the movable contact and the fixed contact, and the number of contacts obtained is two or four times the number of the finger-shaped or tile-shaped ends. Furthermore, the contact unit may have a non-circular structure, and can be inserted vertically and slide horizontally to make contact, and the contact can be maintained by the horizontal elasticity of the contact ends.

[0008] The present invention further provides a piston-type movable contactor contactor, comprising: a sealed cylindrical case filled with an arc-extinguishing medium or evacuated, and having a longitudinally protruding slide rail on its inner wall; a cover-type fixed contactor, the cover-type fixed contactor including a fixed contactor connection board and its external wiring end, contact units distributed in an array, and a fixed contactor insulator that covers one end of the cylindrical case; a piston-type movable contactor attached to the inner cavity wall of the case and movable to divide the inner cavity into two chambers, the connection board and contact units connected to the connection board and distributed in an array, with both ends open, packaged inside, and one-to-one equidistantly spaced piston-type movable contactor; a piston central screw; a motion execution device fixed to a second cover plate of the case, for driving the movable contactor contact unit to be attached to and detached from the fixed contactor contact unit, and providing a relay-type contactor and its cylindrical piston-type arc-extinguishing pump.

[0009] The present invention further includes a controller, which includes a microprocessor, a communication module, a sensor, an execution mechanism, and a power module, wherein the microprocessor, the sensor, and the execution device perform motion control for the movable contactor, providing a motion control system that performs stepwise speed control, high-precision positioning, and mechanical locking for the process of connecting and disconnecting the movable contactor contact unit to the fixed contactor contact unit, and the microprocessor, the communication module, and the sensor provide a contactor monitoring and early warning system that monitors the contactor, transmits data and alarms to external and remote terminals, performs contactor maintenance and early warning of contactor failures, and receives commands and data from external and remote terminals, including contactor on / off commands, and the power module provides power conversion to provide power to the controller and further includes a rechargeable battery that is activated when the input power of the controller is interrupted. Optionally, the controller may be replaced with a simplified circuit consisting of analog, logic circuits, and motor drive power chips, or a single-chip IC integrating this simplified circuit, which only controls the on / off operation of the contactor.

[0010] The motion control is as follows: when the contactor is turned on, the movable contactor releases the mechanical lock, and the movable contactor moves from the contactor's off position to the fixed contactor at a rated second rate; when an arc or an arc critical position signal as described below appears, the movable contactor moves at a high speed at a first rate or at an increasing rate to the fixed contactor; the movable contactor contact unit touches the fixed contactor contact unit; the movable contactor immediately moves at the slowest third rate to the correct position of the movable contactor that completes the contactor turning on; the movable contactor is locked; and the arc critical position is The controller further provides an automatic contactor on / off control method, which includes a time control method for setting a periodic triggering method of the microprocessor chip to periodically turn on and off the contactor in an interrupt mode, and a parameter triggering method for triggering the on or off of a contactor, such as a current interrupter, when the sensor data exceeds a set value or range.

[0011] The present invention further provides general-purpose automatic and smart switch technology, providing general-purpose automatic switch equipment with various specifications, rated voltages and rated operating currents, including contactors, current interrupters, relays and logic-type power switches, characterized by comprising: a contact device with a contact interface consisting of a single or array contact unit and a self-circulating reciprocating synchronous arc-extinguishing pump, which performs the on / off operation through motion control, selects structures of different sizes and specifications to suit the voltage type (AC or DC) of the equipment and its rated voltage, changes the stroke span of the movable contact, connecting board pitch and contact interface separation distance, and selects different numbers of movable contactor / fixed contactor contact units and their corresponding support systems to suit the rated operating current and power level required by the equipment; and a microprocessor-based controller that provides communication and motion control to perform on / off operation, contactor monitoring and early warning of failure, or the single-chip IC chip provides on / off operation control. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 is an overall top view of a contactor according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an internal open structure diagram of the contactor of the embodiment of FIG. 1; [Figure 3] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fixed contact 200 and the movable contact 400 of the contactor shown in FIG. 1 along the central axis. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a core electrical structure diagram of a fixed contact 200 and a movable contact 400 packaged in a ceramic disk. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of the contactor of the embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the distal end of an electric cannula and an electric pin. [Figure 7] 10 is a schematic diagram of orthogonal insertion of an electrical pin by an electrical cannula. FIG. [Figure 8] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a contact unit for orthogonal insertion of an electrical pin by an electrical cannula; FIG. [Figure 9]10 is a centerline cross-sectional view of a contact unit for orthogonal insertion of an electrical pin by an electrical cannula; FIG. [Figure 10] 1 shows a block diagram of a controller and a schematic diagram of an example contactor and their interrelationships. [Figure 11] The insertion of the electric pin by the electric cannula under the control of the movement, and the movement of the arc-extinguishing medium and its arc-extinguishing action are shown. [Figure 12] The separation of the electric cannula from the electric pin under motion control and the movement of the arc-extinguishing medium and its arc-extinguishing action are shown. [Figure 13] 1 is an example of a three-way synchronous parallel-connected contactor consisting of a combination of three identical contactors. [Figure 14] 1 is a core electrical structure of the movable contact and the fixed contact of an embodiment of a dual fixed contact contactor. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 is an internal open structure diagram of an embodiment of a piston-type movable contactor contactor. [Figure 16] It is a composite device of movable contact movement, stroke, positioning and locking. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] 1-5 are an overall top view, an internal open view, a central axis cross-sectional view of a movable contact and a fixed contact, an electric core structure of the movable contact and the fixed contact, and an exploded view of the structure of the contactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] 1 shows a top view of the entire contactor of the embodiment. The contactor includes a movable contactor motion architecture 100, a fixed contactor 200, a first bellows 300, a movable contactor 400 (not shown, see FIG. 5), and a second bellows 500. The movable contactor motion architecture 100 includes a movable contactor sleeve 101 and its cross member 102 and screw 103 (not shown, see FIG. 5), a first bearing stand 104 and its first linear bearing 105 and first bearing guide rail 106, a second bearing stand 107 and its second linear bearing 108 and second bearing guide rail 109, a first fixed plate support rod 110, a second fixed plate support rod 111 (not shown, see FIG. 5), and first and second fixed plates 112 and 113. The fixed contactor 200 is provided with a first wiring end 201 and a second wiring end 202, and the first wiring end 201 is provided with a transformer-type current sensor 701 that measures the current flowing through the first wiring end 201. The first and second bearing guide rails 106, 109 and the ends of the first and second fixed plate support rods 110, 111 are fixed at four angular positions to the first and second fixed plates 112, 113 to form a rigid two-layer framework. Here, the fixed plate support rods may be replaced with other structures. Here, the bearing guide rails may be installed inside the contactor.

[0015] FIG. 2 is an internal open view of the contactor of the embodiment, showing the fixed contact 200 and its contact end being an array electrical pin 203 , and the movable contact 400 and its contact unit being an array electrical cannula 401 . The fixed contact 200 is fixed to the first fixed plate 112 and seals and seats the first pipe port 300a (not shown, see Figure 5) of the first bellows 300, the movable contact sleeve 101 seats the second pipe port 300b (not shown, see Figure 5) of the first bellows 300, the movable contact 400 and the first pipe port 500a (not shown, see Figure 5) of the second bellows 500, and the second pipe port 500b (not shown, see Figure 5) of the second bellows 500 is fixed to the second fixed plate 113, forming a coaxial structure that isolates the interior from the atmosphere and can withstand the arc-extinguishing medium filled inside, changes in its temperature, and pressure changes caused by the movement of the movable contact 400. Inside the first bellows 300, the ends of the array electric cannulae 401 and the ends of the array electric pins 203 are coaxially opposed to each other at equal intervals, and the tube ports 402 of the array electric cannulae 401 are connected to the disk surface of the movable contact insulating disk 403 so that the first bellows 300 and the second bellows 500 communicate with each other. The inside of the first bellows 300 may be evacuated or filled with an arc-extinguishing medium. 。

[0016] The reduction motor 601 engages the screw 103 (not shown, see FIG. 5) on the cross member 102 of the movable contact sleeve 101 through the screw 602, pushing the movable contact sleeve 101 and the movable contact 400 to move toward the fixed contact 200, compressing the first bellows 300 and expanding the second bellows 500. The arc-extinguishing medium (not shown) in the first bellows 300 flows through the contact unit and the pipe port 402 of the array electric cannula 401 to the second bellows, and the array electric cannula 401 and the array electric pin 2 The arc-extinguishing medium flows in the opposite direction to the arc gap, thereby synchronously extinguishing the arc. The liquid arc-extinguishing medium is immersed in the contact ends of the electric cannula / electric pin 101, but a negative pressure space is reserved to prevent leakage due to large internal pressure changes caused by the movement of the electric cannula / electric pin and changes in environmental temperature. The movable contact sleeve 101 receives power not only from its own internal source but also from its external source, i.e., provided by manual, spring, pneumatic, hydraulic, or electromagnetic devices, directly or via a lever or other structure. The array electric cannula / electric pin and its connecting substrate and external wiring end are always in a stable, clean environment and sealed state, so common materials such as copper can be adopted, and low-cost metals such as aluminum, iron, etc. can also be selected.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a central axis cross-sectional view of the fixed contactor 200 and the movable contactor 400, showing that the array electrical pin 203 is divided into two parts, array electrical pins 203a and 203b, which are not connected to each other. The first connection board 201a of the fixed contactor 200 connects the array electrical pin 203a and extends to form the first wiring end 201, and the second connection board 202a connects the array electrical pin 203b and extends to form the second wiring end 202. The first and second connection boards 201a and 202a are packaged in the fixed contactor insulating disk 204. The fixed contactor central hole 205 is an installation space for the temperature-pressure-photoelectric sensor kit (see FIG. 5) inside the contactor. The screw hole 206 is used to fix the hole position of the fixed contactor insulating disk 204 and the first bellows 300 with a bolt. The array electric cannula 401 of the movable contactor 400 includes both parts 401a and 401b, connects the movable contactor connection board 404, and is packaged in the movable contactor insulating disk 403, where the movable contactor screw hole 405 is used to fix the hole position of the first bellows 300 and the movable contactor insulating disk 403 with a bolt.

[0018] Figure 4 shows the core electrical structure of the fixed contact 200 and the movable contact 400. The array of electrical cannulae 401 and the array of electrical pins 203 are arranged in a one-to-one, evenly spaced, coaxial pair to form arc gaps. Unlike the contacts in prior art contactors, arcs can occur during the contact and release process. While relatively low-intensity arcs occur in all arc gaps or arcs migrate between different arc gaps, the arc distance at the contact end of a single electrical cannula / electrical pin is short, reducing damage and forming a structural arc-reducing interface. Furthermore, each arc is further weakened and eliminated by the one-to-one synchronous extinguishing of the arc-extinguishing medium, preventing it from forming in the first place. The electrical cannula slides tangentially to a predetermined position, and the electrical pins are coaxially inserted to maintain contact with elasticity in both radial directions. This avoids the abutting contact between contacts in prior art, the increased power consumption caused by maintaining contact through electromagnetic force, and the bounce caused by impact contact and electromagnetic interference.

[0019] Figure 5 is an exploded view of the contactor embodiment of Figure 1. The contactor includes a movable contactor motion architecture 100 (see Figure 2), a fixed contactor 200, a first bellows 300, a movable contactor 400, and a second bellows 500. A reduction motor 601 and its screw 602 engage threads 103 to drive the cross member 102 and its movable contactor sleeve 101 for reciprocating linear motion between first and second fixed plates 112, 113 along first and second bearing guide rails 106, 109 via first and second linear bearings 105, 108; similar motion may be driven by an external thread on the movable contactor sleeve 101 or other biasing methods.

[0020] The fixed contact 200 is fixed to the first fixed plate 112, the first bellows' first port 300a is fitted with the fixed contact 200 in a sealed manner and fixed by the first hoop 301, the second bellows' second port 300b is fitted with the movable contact 400 in a sealed manner and has the movable contact sleeve 101 fitted and fixed thereto, the first bellows' first port 500a is fitted with the movable contact sleeve 101 in a sealed manner and fixed by the second hoop 501, and the second bellows' second port 500b is fitted with a bellows seat (not shown) on the second fixed plate 113 in a sealed manner and fixed to the third hoop 502. In this embodiment, a reduction motor 601 and its screw 602 are housed in the second bellows and fixed to the second fixed plate 113.

[0021] A main power current sensor 701 is provided at the first wiring end 201 of the fixed contact, and two C-shaped silicon steel sheet laminates 701a and 701b are paired together to form a closed magnetic circuit structure. A hollow cavity 701c is provided between the laminates, and a linear Hall sensor chip is built in to perform open-loop current detection for the power supplied from the power supply to the load. The arms of the silicon steel sheet laminates 701a and 701b are each wound with a coil and connected in series, and the Hall sensor and its circuit may form a closed-loop current detection device, or a Rogowski coil may be used to detect current.

[0022] A temperature-pressure-photoelectric sensor kit 702 is placed in the central hole 112a of the first fixed plate 112 and the central hole 205 (Figure 3) of the fixed contactor 200, and the sensor kit detection tube 702a penetrates deep into the first bellows and measures the static temperature of the array electric cannula / electric pin contact interface using a thermocouple, and detects the dynamic and static arc light and pressure changes of the contact interface using the pressure and photoelectric sensors located in the detection tube 702a and sensor base 702b.

[0023] Figures 6-9 show the structure and contact method of the electric cannula and electric pin contact end. Figure 6 shows that the electric cannula 401 is connected via the tube port 402 and the contact end tube port 408. The contact end is provided with six equal-sized slit notches 406 and their tiled ends 407. The slit notches are almost closed, allowing the arc-extinguishing medium to enter and exit through the tube port 408 and concentrate in the arc gap, improving the arc-extinguishing effect. The electric pin 203 is a solid conductor, and its contact end is provided with six equal-sized wide notches 207 and their finger-shaped ends 208, with a shallow hole in the center to improve the flow of the arc-extinguishing medium and its arc-extinguishing effect. Figure 7 shows that the electric cannula 401 orthogonally inserts the electric pin 203 to a certain depth. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the insertion of an electrical pin through an electrical cannula, showing one fingered end 208 contacting two tiled ends 407a, 407b, and similarly one tiled end contacting two fingered ends. Figure 9 is a centerline cross-sectional view of the insertion of an electrical pin through an electrical cannula, showing one electrical pin fingered end 208 contacting two deep and shallow constriction segments 409a, 409b within the contact end port 408 of the electrical cannula.

[0024] When the array electric cannula is inserted into the array electric pins, all the electric cannula contact end notches and electric pin contact end notches are inserted in an orthogonal manner, i.e., the notches are located in the middle of two adjacent notches, so that one electric cannula tile end contacts two adjacent electric pin finger ends. When the number of equal notches on the electric cannula and equal notches on the electric pin are both N, at least about 2*N contact points are formed. When the electric pin finger ends contact two constriction segments, a deep constriction segment and a shallow constriction segment of the electric cannula, about 4N contact points are formed. When the number of array electric cannula / electric pin pairs is P, 4*N*P contact points are formed, so that there are two series-connected contact interfaces between the first wiring end 201 and the second wiring end 202, and at one interface there are 2*N*P parallel-connected contacts, and the contact resistance of one contact is R c , the contactor internal resistance between the first and second wiring ends 201 and 202 is R c / N*P (excluding electrical cannula, electrical pin and connecting board resistance), which reduces the contact power consumption, improves its power density and slows down contact degradation, which further leads to an irreversible increase in contact resistance and can be accelerated by moisture, dust, oxygen gas, etc., ultimately resulting in failure.

[0025] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the controller and a schematic diagram of the contactor. The controller includes a microprocessor, a communication module, a sensor, an execution device, and a power module, which respectively constitute a microprocessor module 800, a motion control system, and a contactor monitoring and early warning system. The microprocessor module 800 includes a microprocessor 801, a communication module 802, and a control panel 803. The communication module 802 includes a wired module and a wireless module. The wired module communicates via methods including serial, wired network, and optical fiber communication, while the wireless module communicates via methods including mobile wireless platforms (low-earth orbit satellite networks, drones, infrared, lasers, etc.) and distributed platforms (WiFi, mobile networks, 5G+, etc.). The control panel 803 is an external terminal fitted to the contactor's device housing (not shown). It inputs contactor on / off commands, function and parameter settings via manual buttons, and displays data and status from the contactor, providing a meter-type contactor. The microprocessor 801 communicates with a remote terminal via a communication module 802 and with a control panel 803 via a microprocessor chip communication port, and these two communication methods can cover all distances. The power supply module 804 performs voltage conversion for the input power supply 804a and provides power to each part of the contactor via the output power supply 804b, and the power supply module further includes a rechargeable battery (not shown) to provide backup power when the input power supply 804a fails.

[0026] The microprocessor 801 receives commands and data from external and remote terminals, executes commands and parameter settings, monitors the contactor sensors to obtain data and send data and alarms to external and remote terminals, and receives contactor on / off commands to turn the contactors on and off using the motion control system. The microprocessor 801 can also turn the contactors on and off using automatic control methods, including a time control method that periodically turns the contactors on and off using a chip timer or counter in the microprocessor 801, and a parameter trigger method that triggers the contactor to be turned on or off when the contactor sensor data exceeds a set value or range, for example, when the main (supply) power current or voltage exceeds or falls below a parameter set in the microprocessor, it performs an automatic off function, such as a current breaker function.

[0027] The motion control system includes a microprocessor 801 and a sensor and implementation kit 600, forming a digital closed-loop servo control system that controls the motion of the movable contactor sleeve 101, its movable contactor 400, and the electric cannula during electrical pin connection and disconnection. The sensors include a connection signal sensor 603, a position sensor 604, a motor current and rotation speed sensor 605, and a photoelectric sensor 606. The connection signal sensor 603 provides a signal when the electric cannula contacts the electrical pin. The position sensor 604 includes a first position switch and a second position switch, which respectively provide the electric cannula position when the contactor is off, i.e., a first position signal (1), and the electric cannula position when the contactor is on, i.e., a fourth position signal (4) (see FIGS. 11 and 12). The motor current and rotation speed sensor 605 detects the motor armature current and the number and interval of pulses generated by the motor rotation to determine the moving contact's movement distance and the motor's rotation speed. The number of pulses can be converted into the distance of the moving contact relative to the first and second position switches, thereby determining the arc critical position, i.e., the second portion (2) of the electric cannula (see Figures 11 and 12). The arc critical position is a conclusion reached based on theory and experiment; it is determined that no arc occurs when the moving contact is located outside this position relative to the fixed contact. When both are within this position, the moving contact's movement rate is significantly increased, thereby improving the flow rate of the arc-extinguishing medium and reinforcing or adjusting the arc-extinguishing effect at an increasing rate, with the aim of effectively extinguishing the arc without placing a heavy load on the motor. It should be noted that an arc does not necessarily occur within the arc critical position, but an arc may occur outside this position, so the arc signal is used as a signal to trigger the movement speed variation of the moving contact rather than the arc critical position, and the arc critical position signal can be used when no arc occurs. The photoelectric sensor 606 detects the arc at the contact interface as a control signal for the movement of the moving contact, and when the arc signal is reinforced, it indicates that a change has occurred at the contact interface, for example contamination due to internal leakage.The execution device 607 includes a movable contact locker 608 that locks the movable contact sleeve 101 when the contactor is turned on or off to prevent the movable contact from coming off, being displaced, or being accidentally operated, and a power unit including a motor driver 609, a reduction motor 601, and a screw 602. The reduction motor and its screw are not limited to being installed inside the contactor, but may also be installed outside as long as they can push the movable contact sleeve. The reduction motor and its screw built into this embodiment only utilize the internal space of the second bellows to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). A disadvantage is that metal, lubricant particulates, or harmful chemicals may be generated, which may affect the internal clean space.

[0028] The contactor monitoring and early warning system includes a microprocessor module 800 and a sensor assembly 700. The sensor assembly includes a motor current and rotational speed sensor 605 (shared with the motion control system), a temperature-pressure-photoelectric sensor kit 702, a mains voltage and current sensor 705 (including current sensor 701, not shown), and a power supply module monitoring sensor 706. The motor current and rotational speed sensor 605 provides a current and a rotational speed, allowing the ratio of rotational speed to motor current to be calculated. A decrease in this ratio indicates an increase in the movement resistance of the moving contact and a change in the shape or destruction of the electrical cannula / electrical pin contact end. The temperature-pressure-photoelectric sensor kit 702 detects the electrical cannula / electrical pin contact interface temperature, pressure, and arc light using a sensor kit detection tube 702a (FIG. 5) located within the first bellows 300, and includes a photoelectric sensor 606 (shared with the motion control system), a pressure sensor 703, and a contact interface temperature sensor 704. An increase in contact interface temperature (excluding the influence of environmental temperature) indicates an increase in contact resistance due to contact damage, and the degree of damage is related to temperature. A change in arc light indicates a malfunction in the contacts, and the occurrence of arc light in a steady state indicates a serious problem. A change in pressure indicates an internal or external leak in the contactor. Leaks can cause irreversible changes such as contact contamination and oxidation, but the change is slow. The changes in temperature, pressure, and arc light inside the contactor and the rate of change are collected by the remote terminal, which issues different levels of early warning based on its fault data model, prompting contactor maintenance or replacement and scheduling. If the temperature, pressure, and arc light change significantly within a short period of time, the microprocessor's internal program can identify and judge them and issue an emergency alert to the control panel and remote terminal, requesting emergency action. Temperature, pressure, and photoelectric sensors are ideal sensor elements for the contactor of the present invention due to their low cost, high value of the information they provide, small volume, and low accuracy requirements.The mains voltage and current sensor 705 measures the voltage and current data flowing through the contactor from the power supply to the load for system control, management, and business settlement. The high and low voltage and current data are used as monitoring signals to trigger automatic on / off of the contactor. For example, a current breaker turns off the contactor when the current change exceeds a preset value. If the mains voltage exceeds a preset range, the contactor automatically turns off. When the voltage returns to the normal range, the contactor automatically turns on or remains off. The specific implementation depends on the microprocessor program and its internal setting parameters. The voltage and current data can also be used as the original signal for the connection signal sensor 603. When a mains power outage is detected, the mains power outage emergency processing program is activated, keeping the contactor on or off according to the internal setting, and issuing an alarm to an external and remote terminal. The power supply module monitoring sensor 706 monitors the voltage and its changes of the input power supply 804a, output power supply 804b, and backup battery of the power supply module 804. When the input power supply 804a of the controller is interrupted, the backup battery is enabled and the controller power interruption emergency procedure is initiated, in particular, a battery voltage warning is sent to the outside to prevent the battery from running out, and when the input power supply of the controller is connected to the main power supply, the main power interruption emergency procedure program is further initiated.With the addition of more sensors and execution devices and the optimization and upgrade of the microprocessor program, the contactor of the present invention provides more data information, safer operation, simpler structure and longer service life.

[0029] FIG. 10 further illustrates the operational schematic of contactor 000. The contactor 000 includes a movable contactor movement architecture 100, a fixed contactor 200, a first bellows 300, a movable contactor 400, and a second bellows 500. The movable contactor sleeve 101 in the movable contactor movement architecture 100 accommodates the first bellows 300, the movable contactor 400, and the second bellows 500. The movable contactor 400 and its electrical cannula 401 perform a linear reciprocating motion 114 by pushing a screw 602, and the electrical cannula 402 is attached to and detached from the electrical pin 203. The two bellows 300 and 500 expand and contract alternately synchronously, and the arc-extinguishing medium 412 synchronously extinguishes the arc 421 through the electrical cannula 402. When a signal is generated in the position sensor 604, the contactor completes the on-off state, and the movable contactor sleeve 101 is locked by the movable contactor locker 608.

[0030] 11-12 respectively show the method, process and distinction (see FIG. 10) of the electric cannula being attached to and detached from the electric pin under motion control, and the arc-extinguishing medium exerting the synchronous arc-extinguishing action. In FIG. 11, the electric cannula 401 starts at the first position (1) where the contactor is turned off, that is, the first position switch signal changes. The electric cannula starts a first forward stroke 411 at the rated second rate 410. The arc-extinguishing medium 412 directly impacts the arc gap, enters the contact end tube port 408 of the electric cannula, and enters the second bellows through the tube port 402. When the electric cannula arrives at the second position (2), an arc or arc critical position signal is generated. The electric cannula moves to the electric pin at a first rate 413 or an increasing speed (the average value of which corresponds to the first rate) that is higher than the second rate, and starts a second forward stroke 414. The arc-extinguishing medium 412 directly impacts the arc at a high speed (not shown). The closer the electric cannula is to the electric pin, the smaller the arc gap becomes, and the more arc-extinguishing occurs. As the impact speed of the medium increases and the first rate is in a step-up mode, the flow rate, impact force, and arc-extinguishing effect of the arc-extinguishing medium become stronger, thereby effectively and synchronously pressing the arc reinforced by the proximity of the electric cannula to the electric pin. When the electric cannula touches the electric pin when it reaches the third position (3), a sensor connection signal appears (see FIG. 10). The electric cannula then enters a third forward stroke 416 at a third rate 415, which is slower than the second rate. The inner wall of the tiled end of the electric cannula adheres to the outer wall of the fingered end of the electric pin and slides tangentially. The arc-extinguishing medium, which flows at a slower rate, continues to cool the electric cannula / electric pin contact end. When it reaches the fourth position (4), a second position switch signal is generated. The fingered end of the electric pin touches the two narrowed segments of the electric cannula, completing the contactor ON state.In FIG. 12, the electric cannula enters the first reverse stroke 418 at a first reverse rate 417 from the ON position of the contactor, i.e., the fourth position (4), and leaves the electric pin at a high speed or a decreasing speed (the average value of which corresponds to the first rate). The arc-extinguishing medium enters the tube port 402 and is discharged at a high speed through the contact end tube port 408, achieving effective and synchronous pressing of the arc throughout the entire process. When the electric cannula reaches the second position (2), the arc is extinguished or an arc critical position signal is generated. Then the electric cannula enters the second reverse stroke 420 at the rated second reverse rate 419. When the electric cannula reaches the first position (1), a first position switch signal is generated, completing the OFF state of the contactor.

[0031] 13 shows an embodiment of a three-way contactor that combines three identical contactors 001, 002, and 003, and only the contactor 001 will be described here. The contactor 001 includes external wiring ends 221 and 222, first and second bellows 320 and 520, a mains current sensor 721, a temperature-pressure-photoelectric sensor kit 722, and a movable contactor movement architecture 120. The movable contactor movement architecture 120 includes a first fixed plate 121 and a second fixed plate 122, four bearing guide rails 124a, 124b, and 124c, a fourth bearing guide rail (not shown) and its linear bearings and bearing bases, and a movable contactor movement platform 123, which connects the bearing bases and is connected to a geometric interlocking screw 60. 2 a, 60 2 b, it performs up and down movement, synchronously moving the three-way contactor movable contact and turning on and off the parallel connection of the three contactors. Contactors of different structures and numbers can be installed in the movable contactor movement architecture and pushed by the movable contactor movement platform to perform synchronous movement and its switching operation, or they can be pushed by an independent similar movable contactor sleeve 101 and its motor and screw (Figs. 2 and 5) to perform synchronous logic switching operation or time-series process control switching operation.

[0032] 14 shows the core electrical structure of the movable contact and fixed contact of an embodiment of a dual fixed contact contactor. The dual fixed contactor includes a first fixed contactor 230, a double-contact end movable contactor 430, and a second fixed contactor 240. The first fixed contactor 230 includes four connection boards and their array of electrical pins and four external wiring ends 231, 232, 233, and 234. The double-contact end movable contactor 430 includes three connection boards and their array of double-contact end electrical cannulas, including a semicircular connection board 431 with no external wiring ends, and two connection boards with external wiring ends 432 and 433, respectively. The second fixed contactor 240 includes two connection boards and their array of electrical pins and external wiring ends 241 and 242, and a semicircular connection board 243 with no external wiring ends and its array of electrical pins. The movable contactor in the dual fixed contactor contactor has three functional positions, including contacting the first fixed contactor, contacting the second fixed contactor, and no contact. The movable contactor 430 contacts the first fixed contactor 230 and is electrically connected to the movable contactor semicircular connection substrate 431 and its array electrical cannula, the fixed contactor wiring ends 231, 232, and the wiring ends 233, 234 of the first fixed contactor 230 are electrically connected to the movable contactor wiring ends 432, 433, respectively. The movable contactor 430 contacts the second fixed contactor 240, and the wiring end 241 of the second fixed contactor 240 is electrically connected to the movable contactor wiring end 432 via the movable contactor array electrical cannula and its semicircular connection board 431, and then via the second fixed contactor semicircular connection board 243 and its array electrical pin, finally forming a three-way electrical connection, and the movable contactor wiring end 433 is electrically connected to the second fixed contactor wiring end 242. The fixed contactor and movable contactor core electrical structure may have one or more connection boards and may also have wiring ends, and various combinations can be provided to form composite logic type contactors or multi-way multiplexed power switches, especially in dual fixed contactor contactors, and multiple such contactors can be combined (see FIG. 13) to form complex power switch systems.

[0033] 15 is an internal open structural view of an embodiment of a piston-type movable contactor contactor. The piston-type movable contactor contactor 900 includes a cylindrical case 901 and its longitudinal slide rail 902, a movable contactor chute 903, a first array electrical pin 904 and a first external electrode 905 connected thereto, a power supply and single input control terminal 906, a second external electrode 907 and a second array electrical pin 908 connected thereto, a piston-type movable contactor 909, a movable contactor array jack 910 and a screw 911, and its motor 912, and further includes a controller (not shown) connecting the power supply and control input terminal 906 and the motor 912. The motor 912 drives the piston-type moving contact 909 via a screw 911, and the moving contact array jack 910 inserts or removes the array electrical pins 904 and 908, causing the first and second external electrodes 905 and 907 to turn on or off. When the contactor is turned on or off, the position of the moving contact is determined by a position switch signal. A stroke stopper rigid structure can also be set for the movement of the moving contactor. The two end points of the stroke are the on and off positions of the moving contactor, and the on or off position is determined based on the logical relationship between zero motor rotation speed, non-zero armature current, and motor rotation direction. Depending on the size, specifications, and application environment of the piston-type moving contactor, its controller may be equipped with a microprocessor, or may be equipped with a simplified circuit including only analog, logic, and motor drive chips, or may be equipped with a single-chip IC integrating all three.

[0034] 16 shows a composite device 610 for moving contact movement, stroke, and positioning, which includes a fixed frame 611 and a movable arm 612. The fixed frame 611 includes a base plate 613, two flaps 614, 615 formed by punching parallel to and perpendicular to the base plate, notches 616, 617 penetrating the two flaps, and a channel 618 penetrating vertically between the two flaps, the front and rear of which are blocked by the base plate 613. The movable contact locking handrails 619, 620 are hingedly coupled to a rotation axis 621 and can rotate, and are respectively engaged in the notches 616, 617 by the elastic force of a spring 622. When an electromagnetic coil 623 is energized, the electromagnetic force overcomes the spring force and rises into the notches 616, 617. The movable arm 612 is released from the electromagnetic coil 623, and is inserted into the channel 618, allowing it to move back and forth within the channel 618, but is blocked at the front and rear by the bottom plate 613. The part of the movable arm 612 that is inserted into the channel 618 has a notch 624, and at the front and rear positions of the movable arm 612 blocked by the bottom plate 613, the notch 624 is aligned with the notch 616 or notch 617, and when the electromagnetic coil 623 is turned off, the movable contact locking handrail 619 or 620 engages with the notch 624 and the notch 616 or 617, and the movable arm 612 is locked. In the contactor, the movable arm 612 and the movable contactor sleeve 101 (see FIG. 5) are fixed together, and the bottom plate 613 is fixed to the immovable part of the movable contactor movement architecture 100 (FIGS. 1 and 5) so that the movement stroke of the movable contactor sleeve 101 is limited, and the end position of the stroke is the position of the movable contactor when the contactor is turned on and off, and also the locked position. At the end position of the movement stroke of the movable contactor sleeve 101, the rotation speed of the reduction motor is zero, and its armature current rises significantly, and these signals are converted into level inversion, and the electromagnetic coil 623 and the motor drive current can be turned off by a microprocessor or logic and steady-state switch processing, and the movable contactor sleeve is locked, thereby completing the on or off of the contactor. FIG. 16 shows the first and second position switches 60 4 a, 60 4b, further showing the position signal of the movable contact sleeve that provides the on and off of the contactor.

[0035] The claims, examples, drawings, technical solutions and descriptions of the present invention are intended to interpret the technical features of the contactor of the present invention in the most basic structure and method, in order to facilitate quick understanding by relevant organizations and personnel. Those skilled in the art will have no difficulty in conceiving, designing, extending and realizing other structures, methods and effects based on all the above content, which will solve the problems proposed in the specification of the present invention and problems not yet proposed, and these structures and methods fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A contactor having an enclosed space therein containing a liquid or gas arc-extinguishing medium or a vacuum; One movable contact divides the sealed space into two chambers, At least one of the chambers is provided with a fixed contact; At least one contact end of the fixed contact is aligned with at least one contact end of the movable contact to form at least one arc gap; At least one contact end of the movable contact is hollow, thereby allowing the two chambers to communicate with each other; The movable contact reciprocates, and at least one hollow contact end releasably engages with a contact end of the at least one fixed contact, and the two chambers are alternately compressed and expanded; a reciprocating synchronous arc extinguishing pump for circulating a liquid or gas arc extinguishing medium between the two chambers through at least one hollow contact end of the movable contactor and reciprocating toward the at least one arc gap, thereby turning on and off the contactor and performing synchronous arc extinguishing therefor; A contactor characterized by:

2. A contactor as described in claim 1, characterized in that the two chambers are equipped with two bellows, the movable contactor reciprocates, and the two bellows expand and contract alternately, thereby allowing the arc extinguishing medium to turn the contactor on and off through the hollow contact end, thereby providing a double bellows arc extinguishing pump contactor.

3. The fixed contact comprises at least one connection board and one or an array of multiple fixed contact ends connected to the at least one connection board; The contactor of claim 2, characterized in that the movable contactor has at least one connection board and one or a plurality of contact ends that penetrate the at least one connection board and are arranged to correspond one-to-one with the fixed contact ends at equal intervals, and / or the contact ends of the movable contactor have two opposing contact ends that are configured to be selectively engaged with and disengaged from the contact ends of the fixed contacts provided in the two chambers, respectively.

4. The one or arrayed fixed contact end of the fixed contact is divided into a plurality of contact tips by a vertical slit notch, and the one or arrayed contact end of the movable contact is divided into a plurality of contact tips by a vertical slit notch, or two narrowing portions are provided at the inner opening of the one or arrayed contact end of the movable contact.

4. The contactor of claim 3.

5. The fixed contact end is an electrical pin and the hollow contact end is an electrical cannula.

2. The contactor of claim 1.

6. A cylindrical case is provided, the case containing a liquid or gas arc-extinguishing medium or set to a vacuum; The fixed contact has one or an array of fixed contact ends, The movable contact is a piston type, and is movable along and in close contact with the inner wall of the case, dividing the inner space of the case into two chambers, and has one or a plurality of hollow contact ends arranged in a row, and is configured to correspond one-to-one to the fixed contact ends of the fixed contacts at equal intervals.

2. The contactor of claim 1.

7. A control device including a microprocessor, at least one sensor and an actuator, the control device being configured to drive the movable contact and control its operation to provide step-wise speed control, speed control and precise positioning when engaging and disengaging with the fixed contact.

2. The contactor of claim 1 .

8. The control device When the contactor is turned on, the movable contact is moved from the off position toward the fixed contact at high speed, and after the contact end of the movable contact comes into contact with the fixed contact end of the fixed contact, the movable contact is immediately decelerated to a low speed and stopped at the on position; When the contactor is turned off, the contact end of the movable contactor moves away from the fixed contact end of the fixed contactor at high speed and stops at the off position.

8. The contactor of claim 7, further comprising an operation control means.

9. The control device comprises automatic control means, receiving commands from an external or remote terminal to turn the contactors on or off; and / or triggering on or off at predetermined times by a microprocessor; and / or triggering a contactor to turn on or off when the sensor data exceeds a set value or range; 8. The contactor of claim 7.

10. Means for obtaining different rated currents by varying the number of hollow contact ends of the movable contact and the corresponding number of fixed contact ends of the fixed contact; a means for synchronously extinguishing all arc gaps by reciprocating the liquid or gas arc extinguishing medium, or a means for reducing arcs by utilizing a vacuum; 10. The contactor of claim 1, further comprising a universal electrical switch including means for the movable contact to make at least one stroke to engage and disengage with at least one of the fixed contacts, and means for varying stroke lengths and arc gap spacings to obtain different rated voltages.

11. A contactor as described in claim 10, configured as a general-purpose electrical switch, characterized in that it includes a contactor monitoring and fault warning means for acquiring status data and electrical data of the contactor, analyzing the status data to generate fault warning information, and transmitting the status data, fault warning information and electrical data to an external or remote terminal.

12. The control device includes a simplified circuit consisting of an analog logic circuit and a motor drive chip, or a single-chip integrated circuit integrating the simplified circuit, and is configured to turn the contactor on and off.

8. The contactor of claim 7.

13. A method for extinguishing an arc in a contactor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: The method includes reciprocating the movable contact to turn on and off the contactor, and synchronously reciprocating a liquid or gas arc-extinguishing medium to all arc gaps to shunt and cool the arc and perform synchronous arc extinction. A method characterized by:

14. A method as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that it includes structural arc reduction, and the arrangement of the hollow contact ends of the movable contactor is arranged in equal, one-to-one correspondence with the arrangement of the contact ends of the fixed contactor to form a plurality of independent arc gap rows.

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