Fuel additive for reducing deposits and particulate emissions

Abstract

A fuel composition is described. The composition comprises a hydrocarbon fuel boiling point in the gasoline or diesel range; 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group, or a C1-C3 alcohol; R 1 is C4-C 100 a carrier fluid comprising an alkyl polyethoxylate having the following structure (II): 100 a hydrocarbyl phenol having the formula 2, R 4 -O-(CH2) y -NHR 5 wherein the amine detergent is present in an amount of from about 10 ppm by weight to about 750 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the fuel composition; R 4 is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, R 5 is hydrogen or (CH2) z NH2 moiety, and y, z are independently integers having a value of 2 or greater], and one or more nitrogen-containing detergents. [Formula 1] TIFF2024533830000023.tif1776

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to fuel additives. More specifically, this disclosure relates to compositions and methods that promote deposit cleaning performance and reduce particulate emissions. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventional fuel additives developed for port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engines are not optimized to control deposit formation in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines, also commonly referred to as direct injection gasoline (DIG) or direct gasoline injection (GDI) engines. Unlike PFI engines, DISI engines deliver fuel directly to the combustion chamber. When fuel is injected directly, it is immediately exposed to high temperatures and pressures. In this environment, combustion products can accumulate on the external and / or internal surfaces of the injectors and nozzles (known as injector fouling).

[0003] Deposit formation, both around the injector nozzle and within the combustion chamber, can have a significant negative impact on fuel flow rate, injection duration, and / or spray pattern, which in turn can result in increased emissions, increased particulate matter (PM) formation, reduced fuel economy, loss of power / performance, increased wear, and / or reduced equipment life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one aspect, i) a hydrocarbon-based fuel boiling point in the gasoline or diesel range; ii) the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group, or a C1-C3 alcohol; R 1 is C4-C 100a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20. or a carrier fluid comprising an alkyl polyethoxylate having the following formula: [ka] wherein R is a C4-C 100 is a hydrocarbyl group of the formula: iii) the following formula: R 4 -O-(CH2) y -NHR 5 wherein the amine detergent is present in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the fuel composition; 4 is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and R 5 is hydrogen or (CH2) z and y and z are independently integers having a value of 2 or greater; and iv) one or more nitrogen-containing detergents.

[0005] In another aspect, a method for controlling carbon deposits in an internal combustion engine comprises providing a fuel to said internal combustion engine, said fuel having: i) a hydrocarbonaceous fuel boiling point in the gasoline or diesel range; ii) a hydrocarbonaceous fuel having the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group, or a C1-C3 alcohol; R 1 is C4-C 100 a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20. or a carrier fluid comprising an alkyl polyethoxylated compound having the following formula: [ka] [Wherein R is C4-C 100 is a hydrocarbyl group of the formula: Hydrocarbyl phenols having the formula: iii) an amine-based detergent having the following formula: R 4 -O-(CH2) y -NHR 5 wherein the amine detergent is present in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the fuel composition; 4 is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and R 5 is hydrogen or (CH2) z and y, z are independently integers having a value of 2 or greater; and iv) one or more nitrogen-containing detergents.

[0006] In another embodiment, about 30 to 90% by weight of an organic solvent boiling point in the range of 65°C to 205°C; and i) the structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group, or a C1-C3 alcohol; R 1 is C4-C 100 a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20. or a carrier fluid comprising an alkyl polyethoxylated compound having the following formula: [ka] [Wherein R is C4-C 100 ii) a hydrocarbyl group of the formula: R 4 -O-(CH2) y-NHR 5 wherein the amine detergent is present in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the fuel composition; 4 is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and R 5 is hydrogen or (CH2) z and iii) about 10 to 70 wt. % of a detergent mixture comprising an amine-based detergent represented by the formula: [wherein y and z are independently an integer having a value of 2 or greater]; and iii) one or more nitrogen-containing detergents. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1A] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1B] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1C] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1D] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1E] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1F] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1G] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1H] This is described in the Examples section. [Figure 1I] This is described in the Examples section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for improving engine performance, particularly improving deposit cleaning performance and / or reducing particulate emissions. The present invention can be effective in controlling carbon deposits in internal combustion engines.

[0009] Generally, the fuel compositions of the present invention comprise (i) a hydrocarbon-based fuel, (ii) a carrier fluid, (iii) an amine-based detergent, and (iv) one or more nitrogen-containing detergents.

[0010] hydrocarbon fuel Hydrocarbon-based fuels include gasoline and diesel.

[0011] Gasoline fuel is at least primarily C4-C 12 In one embodiment, gasoline or gasoline boiling range components refer to a composition containing at least primarily C4-C 12 Gasoline is further defined to mean a composition containing hydrocarbons and having a boiling point range of about 100°F to about 400°F. In an alternative embodiment, gasoline is at least primarily C4-C6 12 It is defined to mean a composition containing hydrocarbons and having a boiling point range of about 37.8°C (100°F) to about 204°C (400°F), and further defined as meeting ASTM D4814.

[0012] Diesel fuel is at least primarily C 10 -C 25 Diesel refers to a middle distillate fuel containing hydrocarbons. In one embodiment, diesel refers to a fuel containing at least primarily C 10 -C 25 Diesel is further defined to mean a composition containing hydrocarbons and having a boiling point range of about 165.6°C (330°F) to about 371.1°C (700°F). In an alternative embodiment, diesel is a composition containing at least primarily C as defined above. 10 -C 25 It refers to a composition containing hydrocarbons and having a boiling point range of about 165.6°C (330°F) to about 371.1°C (700°F), and is further defined as meeting ASTM D975.

[0013] The hydrocarbon-based fuel is present in a major amount by weight percent of the total fuel composition, in some embodiments, the hydrocarbon-based fuel is present in an amount of about 50% by weight or more, 55% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, 65% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 75% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 85% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, 95% by weight or more, or any range between about 50% by weight and 100% by weight or less.

[0014] According to some embodiments, the gasoline used in the present invention is clean burning gasoline (CBG). CBG refers to a gasoline blend containing low amounts of sulfur, aromatics, and olefins. The exact blend may vary depending on local regulatory definitions.

[0015] Carrier Fluid Fuel-soluble, nonvolatile carrier fluids or oils may also be used with the compounds of the present disclosure. Carrier fluids are chemically inert, hydrocarbon-soluble liquid vehicles that somewhat aid in increasing octane demand, but substantially increase the nonvolatile residue (NVR) or solvent-free fluid fraction of the fuel additive composition. In some embodiments, the carrier fluid is a surfactant.

[0016] The carrier fluid of the present invention can be an alkyl polyethoxylate represented by Formula 1 below: [ka] [In the formula, each R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl group, or a C1-C3 alcohol; R 1 is C4-C 100 a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20.

[0017] The term "hydrocarbyl" refers to a chemical group or moiety derived from a hydrocarbon, including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include alkenyl, alkyl, polyalkenyl, polyalkyl, phenyl, etc. Specific examples of hydrocarbyl groups include butyl, isopropyl, and polyisobutenyl groups.

[0018] In some embodiments, the carrier fluid of the present invention can be a hydrocarbyl phenol having the following structure: [ka] [Wherein R is C4-C 100 Specific examples of hydrocarbyl phenols include tetrapropenylphenol, PIB phenol, butylphenol, and octylphenol.

[0019] Carrier fluids may be used in amounts ranging from 35 to 5000 ppm by weight of the hydrocarbon fuel (e.g., 50 to 3000 ppm of the fuel). When used in a fuel concentrate, the carrier fluid may be present in an amount ranging from 20 to 60% by weight (e.g., 30 to 50% by weight).

[0020] Amine-based detergent The amine-based detergents of the present invention (more specifically, the linear / branched chain aliphatic ether amines) are represented by the following formula: R 4 -O-(CH2) y -NHR 5 formula 2 [In the formula, R 4 is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and R 5 is hydrogen or (CH2) z NH2 moiety, and y and z are independently integers having a value of 2 or greater. The hydrocarbyl group may be saturated or unsaturated. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbyl group may contain two or more unsaturated bonds.

[0021] As an advantage, the fuel additive of the present invention can deliver more basic nitrogen at the same treatment rate compared to conventional amine-based fuel detergents (e.g., polyisobutylamine, polyetheramine, etc.). This characteristic is important in determining detergency. As another advantage, the low molecular weight of the additive of the present invention, along with its low decomposition temperature and high volatility, prevents the additive from forming harmful deposits.

[0022] Particularly exemplary aliphatic ether amines compatible with the present invention include isotridecyloxypropylamine and 2-ethylhexyloxypropylamine, which are illustrative but not intended to be limiting.

[0023] In some embodiments, the primary fuel additive may be present from about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm (e.g., 20-700, 30-650, 50-600, 100-500, 200-400, 250-350, etc.) based on the total fuel composition.

[0024] Nitrogen-containing detergents The fuel compositions of the present invention include one or more nitrogen-containing detergents. Suitable secondary fuel additives can be classified as aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amines, hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, Mannich reaction products, polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes, nitro- and amino-aromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols, and nitrogen-containing carburetor / injector detergents. Each class of secondary fuel additive will be described in more detail herein.

[0025] Specifically, the aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amines used in the present invention may be linear or branched hydrocarbyl-substituted amines having at least one basic nitrogen, wherein the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 700 to 3,000. Specific examples of aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amines include polyisobutenylamine and polyisobutylamine. These amines can be derived as monoamines or polyamines. The preparation of aliphatic amines is generally well known and is described in detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,438,757; 3,565,804; 3,574,576; 3,848,056; 3,960,515; 4,832,702; and 6,203,584, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0026] Specifically, the hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amines (also called "polyetheramines") used in the present invention can include hydrocarbyl poly(oxyalkylene)amines (monoamines or polyamines) in which the hydrocarbyl group contains from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. The number of oxyalkylene units can range from about 5 to about 100. The amine moiety is derived from ammonia, a primary alkyl or secondary dialkyl monoamine, or a polyamine having a terminal amino nitrogen atom. The oxyalkylene moiety can be oxypropylene or oxybutylene, or a mixture thereof. Hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amines are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,217,624 and 5,112,364, which are incorporated herein by reference. Specific examples of hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) monoamines include alkylphenyl poly(oxyalkylene) monoamines, where the poly(oxyalkylene) moiety contains oxypropylene or oxybutylene units, or a mixture of oxypropylene and oxypropylene units. The alkyl group on the alkylphenyl moiety is a straight- or branched-chain alkyl of about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms. A preferred alkylphenyl moiety is tetrapropenylphenyl, where the alkyl group is a branched-chain alkyl of 12 carbon atoms derived from propylene tetramer.

[0027] More specifically, additional hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) amines include the hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,288,612; 4,236,020; 4,160,648; 4,191,537; 4,270,930; 4,233,168; 4,197,409; 4,243,798; and 4,881,945, which are incorporated herein by reference. These hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates contain at least one basic nitrogen atom and have an average molecular weight of about 500 to 10,000, preferably about 500 to 5,000, and more preferably about 1,000 to 3,000. Preferred aminocarbamates are alkylphenyl poly(oxybutylene) aminocarbamates, where the amine moiety is derived from ethylenediamine or diethylenetriamine.

[0028] Specifically, the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides used in the present invention include polyalkyl and polyalkenyl succinimides, where the polyalkyl or polyalkenyl group has an average molecular weight of about 500 to 5,000, and preferably about 700 to 3,000. Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides are typically prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride with an amine or polyamine having at least one reactive hydrogen attached to the amine nitrogen atom. Preferred hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides include polyisobutenyl and polyisobutanyl succinimides and derivatives thereof. Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,393,309; 5,588,973; 5,620,486; 5,916,825; 5,954,843; 5,993,497; and 6,114,542, as well as British Patent No. 1,486,144, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0029] Specifically, the Mannich reaction products used in the present invention typically include products obtained from the Mannich condensation of a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an amine containing at least one reactive hydrogen, and an aldehyde. The high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound is preferably a polyalkylphenol, such as polypropylphenol and polybutylphenol, particularly polyisobutylphenol, where the polyalkyl group has an average molecular weight of about 600 to 3,000. The amine reactant is typically a polyamine, such as an alkylene polyamine, particularly an ethylene or polyethylene polyamine, such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or the like, for example, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine. The aldehyde reactant is generally an aliphatic aldehyde, such as formaldehyde, including paraformaldehyde and formalin, and acetaldehyde. A preferred Mannich reaction product is obtained by condensing polyisobutylphenol with formaldehyde and diethylenetriamine, where the polyisobutyl group has an average molecular weight of about 1000. Mannich reaction products suitable for use in the present invention are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,231,759, 5,697,988, and 6,749,651, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0030] Yet a further class of detergent additives suitable for use in the present invention are the polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes. Preferred polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes include those having the following formula: [ka] [In the formula, R 6 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 600 to 5,000; R 7 and R 8are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and A is amino, N-alkylamino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, N,N-dialkylamino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, or a polyamine moiety having about 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms.] The polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes of formula 3 above, and their preparation, are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,669,939, incorporated herein by reference.

[0031] Certain detergent mixtures may be particularly useful as secondary additives in the present invention.

[0032] In some embodiments, mixtures of polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes and poly(oxyalkylene)amines can be used, as described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,851,242, incorporated herein by reference.

[0033] In some embodiments, mixtures of nitro and amino aromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols can be used. Preferred nitro and amino aromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols include those having the formula: [ka] [In the formula, R 9 is nitro, or -(CH2)-NR 14 R 15 (In the formula, R 14 and R 15 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, or -NR 16 R 17 (In the formula, R 16及 BiR 17 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 11 and R12 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 13 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000. The aromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols shown in Formula 4 above, and their preparation, are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,320, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0034] Mixtures of nitroaromatic esters and aminoaromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols with hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amines can also be used in the present invention. These mixtures are described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,749,929, which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferred hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amines that can be used as detergent additives in the present invention include those having the following formula: [ka] [In the formula: R 18 is a hydrocarbyl group having from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R 19 and R 20 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and each —O—CHR 19 -CHR 20 -units other -O-CHR 19 -CHR 20-unit; m is from about 5 to about 100; B is amino, N-alkylamino having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, N,N-dialkylamino having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, or a polyamine moiety having from about 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and from about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms; m is an integer from about 5 to about 100. The hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amines of Formula 5 above, and their preparation, are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,217,624, incorporated herein by reference. The hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amines of Formula 5 are preferably used by themselves or in combination with other detergent additives, particularly nitro and amino aromatic esters of polyalkylphenoxyaminoalkanes or polyalkylphenoxyalkanols. More preferably, the detergent additive used in the present invention is a combination of a hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine with a nitro and amino aromatic ester of a polyalkylphenoxyalkanol. A particularly preferred hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(oxyalkylene)amine detergent additive is dodecylphenoxypoly(oxybutylene)amine, and a particularly preferred combination of detergent additives is dodecylphenoxypoly(oxybutylene)amine in combination with 4-polyisobutylphenoxyethyl para-aminobenzoate.

[0035] Another class of detergent additives suitable for use in the present invention includes nitrogen-containing carburetor / injector detergents. Carburetor / injector detergent additives are typically low molecular weight compounds having a number average molecular weight of about 100 to about 600 and having at least one polar moiety and at least one non-polar moiety. The non-polar moiety is typically a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 6 to about 40 carbon atoms. The polar moiety is typically nitrogen-containing. Typical nitrogen-containing polar moieties include amines (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,139,534 and PCT International Publication No. WO 90 / 10051), ether amines (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,083 and PCT International Publication No. WO 90 / 10051), and the like. 90 / 10051), amides, polyamides, and amide esters (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,622,018; 4,729,769; and 5,139,534; and European Patent Publication No. 149,486), imidazolines (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,518,782), amine oxides (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,810,263 and 4,836,829), hydroxyamines (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,409,000), and succinimides (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,292,046). Each of these references is incorporated herein by reference.

[0036] Each secondary fuel additive may be present from about 50 ppm to about 2500 ppm (e.g., 100 to 2000, 200 to 1500, 300 to 1000, etc.) by weight of the fuel composition. More preferably, the secondary fuel additive is present from about 50 ppm to about 1000 ppm by weight of the fuel composition.

[0037] Other additives The fuel composition may contain other commonly known fuel additives. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, metal deactivators, demulsifiers, oxygen additives, anti-knock agents, dispersants, and other detergents. In diesel fuels, other well-known additives may be used, such as pour point depressants, flow improvers, etc.

[0038] Each of the foregoing additives, when used, is used in a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the fuel composition. Generally, the concentration of each of these additives, when used, can range from about 0.001 to about 20 wt. %, for example, from about 0.01 to about 10 wt. %, unless otherwise specified.

[0039] concentrate The compounds of the present disclosure can be formulated as concentrates using inert, stable, lipophilic (i.e., soluble in hydrocarbon fuel) organic solvents boiling in the range of 65°C to 205°C. Aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, or higher-boiling aromatic compounds or aromatic diluents, may be used. Aliphatic alcohols containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, isopropanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, n-butanol, and the like, in combination with hydrocarbon solvents are also suitable for use with the present additives. In concentrates, the amount of additive may be 10 to 70 wt. % (e.g., 20 to 40 wt. %).

[0040] The following examples are intended to be non-limiting. [Example]

[0041] Table 1 below summarizes the additives used to test injector fouling and / or deposit control performance. The base fuel is a neat gasoline composition. [Table 1]

[0042] Testing was conducted on a 2012 2.0L GM LHU, including an inline-four turbocharged engine. The test was a dirty-up / clean-up (DU / CU) test in which the engine first completed a 100-hour DU segment to build up deposits and foul the injectors, followed by a one-tank CU segment.

[0043] Formulation Test: The formula contained polyetheramine (PEA), 1000 ppmw of nonionic surfactants (Surfactant A and Surfactant B), and 150 ppmw of isotridecyloxypropylamine. Surfactant A was an ethoxylated (C 12 -C 14 ) secondary alcohol. Surfactant B is nonylphenol ethoxylate.

[0044] DU fuel: New model, high sulfur, E0 fuel

[0045] DU cycle: steady state 2000 rpm / 100 Nm

[0046] 1 Tank CU Fuel: This test was completed using unadded base fuel in PUL E0 49 condition.

[0047] One-tank CU cycle: Five-phase cycle consisting of idle, low-speed and load segments, and medium-speed and load segments. With both fuel and cycle conditions varied between the DU and CU test phases, a base fuel run was conducted to confirm the absence of CU in the additive-free injector. The formulation is shown in Table 1, and images are shown in Figures 1A-1I.

[0048] All documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference, including any priority documents and / or testing procedures, unless inconsistent with the text. As is apparent from the foregoing general description and specific embodiments, while several forms of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited thereby.

[0049] For brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, a range from any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to recite a range not expressly stated, and similarly, a range from any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to recite a range not expressly stated, and similarly, a range from any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not expressly stated. Furthermore, a range includes every point or individual value between its endpoints, even if not explicitly recited. Thus, every point or individual value may be combined with any other point or individual value, or with other lower or upper limits, to serve as its own lower or upper limit, to recite a range not expressly stated.

[0050] Similarly, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the term "including." Similarly, whenever the transitional phrase "comprising" appears before a composition, element, or group of elements, it is understood to also contemplate the same composition or group of elements having the transitional phrase "consisting essentially of," "consisting of," "selected from the group consisting of," or "is" preceding the description of the composition, element, or group of elements, and vice versa.

[0051] As used herein, the terms "a" and "the" are understood to encompass the plural as well as the singular.

[0052] Various terms are defined above. To the extent that a term used in the claims is not defined above, it should be given the broadest definition given to that term by one skilled in the relevant art, as reflected in at least one printed publication or issued patent. Furthermore, all patents, test methods, and other documents cited in this application are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the extent such disclosure is not inconsistent with this application and in all jurisdictions where such incorporation is permitted.

[0053] The foregoing description of the present disclosure illustrates and describes the present disclosure. Moreover, while the present disclosure shows and describes only preferred embodiments, it will be understood that the present disclosure is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, as noted above, and that changes or modifications are possible within the scope of the concepts expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings and / or skill or knowledge of the relevant art. While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the present disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, which scope is determined by the claims that follow.

[0054] Where combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements (e.g., combinations of components in a composition or combinations of steps in a method) are disclosed, it is understood that specific reference to each of the various individual and collective combinations and permutations of those elements is specifically contemplated and described herein, even though it may not be explicitly disclosed.

[0055] The embodiments described herein above are also intended to further explain the best mode known for carrying out the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the present disclosure in such or other embodiments, with various modifications as required for a particular application or use. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the forms disclosed herein. Also, it is intended that the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments. The following is further disclosed regarding the present invention. [1] i) Hydrocarbon-based fuels boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; ii) the following structure: [ka] [In the formula, each R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 Hydrocarbyl group, or C 1 -C 3 Alcohol, R 1 is C 4 -C 100 a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20. or a carrier fluid comprising an alkyl polyethoxylate having the following formula:

change

change

change

change

[10] The alkyl polyethoxylate has the following structure:

change

[11] The method of [7], wherein the fuel composition comprises about 50 ppmw to about 2000 ppmw of the carrier fluid.

[12] The method of [7], wherein the fuel composition comprises about 100 ppmw to 750 ppmw of the amine-based detergent.

[13] about 30-90 wt. % of an organic solvent boiling in the range of 65°C to 205°C, and i) the structure:

change

change

[14] The concentrate according to

[13] , wherein the carboxyl group is a carboxylic acid, an ester, an amide, or a ketone.

[15] Said C 1 -C 3 Alcohol is -[CH 2 ] w -OH [Wherein, w is 1 to 3] The concentrate according to

[13] , having a structure represented by:

[16] The alkyl polyethoxylate is represented by the formula 6

change

[13] , wherein the alkyl group is a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, an aminoalkyl group, or a hydroxyl group.

Claims

1. i) hydrocarbon-based fuels boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; ii) a molecule having the following structure: 【Chemistry 1】 [In the formula, each R ２ and R ３ are independently hydrogen, C １ -C ４ a hydrocarbyl group, or C １ -C ３ is an alcohol, and R １ is C ４ -C １００ a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20. or a carrier fluid comprising a compound having the formula: 【Chemistry 2】 wherein R is C ４ -C １００ is a hydrocarbyl group of the formula: a hydrocarbyl phenol having the formula: iii) an amine-based detergent having the formula: R ４ -O-(CH ２ ) ｙ -NHR ５ wherein the amine detergent is present in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the fuel composition; R ４ is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and R ５ is hydrogen or (CH ２ ) ｚ NH ２ wherein y and z are independently integers having a value of 2 or greater; and iv) one or more nitrogen-containing detergents A fuel composition comprising:

2. 2. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the carboxyl group is a carboxylic acid, ester, amide, or ketone.

3. Said C １ -C ３ Alcohol is -[CH ２ ] ｗ -OH 2. The fuel composition of claim 1, having a structure represented by the formula: wherein w is 1 to 3.

4. The compound has the following structure: 【Transformation 3】 [In the formula, each R ２２ and R ２３ are independently hydrogen, C １ -C ４ a hydrocarbyl group, or C １ -C ３ alcohol; p is 1 to 20, q is 1 to 3, s is 1 to 3, and q+s<6; R ２１ is C １ -C １００ a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, an aminoalkyl group, or a hydroxyl group. The method of claim 1 , wherein the

5. 10. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel composition comprises from about 50 ppmw to about 2000 ppmw of the carrier fluid or from about 100 ppmw to 750 ppmw of the amine-based detergent.

6. 1. A method for controlling carbon deposits in an internal combustion engine, comprising: providing a fuel to the internal combustion engine, the fuel comprising: i) hydrocarbon-based fuels boiling in the gasoline or diesel range; ii) a molecule having the following structure: 【Chemistry 4】 [In the formula, each R ２ and R ３ are independently hydrogen, C １ -C ４ a hydrocarbyl group, or C １ -C ３ is an alcohol, and R １ is C ４ -C １００ a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20. or a carrier fluid comprising a compound having the formula: 【Transformation 5】 wherein R is C ４ -C １００ is a hydrocarbyl group of the formula: a hydrocarbyl phenol having the formula: iii) an amine-based detergent having the formula: R ４ -O-(CH ２ ) ｙ -NHR ５ wherein the amine detergent is present in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 750 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the fuel composition; R ４ is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and R ５ is hydrogen or (CH ２ ) ｚ NH ２ wherein y and z are independently integers having a value of 2 or greater; and iv) one or more nitrogen-containing detergents The method comprising:

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the carboxyl group is a carboxylic acid, an ester, an amide, or a ketone.

8. Said C １ -C ３ Alcohol is -[CH ２ ] ｗ -OH 7. The method of claim 6, wherein w is 1 to 3.

9. The compound has the following structure: 【Transformation 6】 [In the formula, each R ２２ and R ２３ are independently hydrogen, C １ -C ４ a hydrocarbyl group, or C １ -C ３ alcohol; p is 1 to 20, q is 1 to 3, s is 1 to 3, and q+s<6; R ２１ is C １ -C １００ a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, an aminoalkyl group, or a hydroxyl group. The method of claim 6, wherein the

10. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the fuel composition comprises from about 50 ppmw to about 2000 ppmw of the carrier fluid or from about 100 ppmw to 750 ppmw of the amine-based detergent.

11. about 30-90% by weight of an organic solvent boiling in the range of 65°C to 205°C; and i) a molecule having the following structure: 【Transformation 7】 [In the formula, each R ２ and R ３ are independently hydrogen, C １ -C ４ a hydrocarbyl group, or C １ -C ３ is an alcohol, and R １ is C ４ -C １００ a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, or an aromatic group, and x is 1 to 20. or a carrier fluid comprising a compound having the formula: 【Transformation 8】 wherein R is C ４ -C １００ is a hydrocarbyl group of the formula: a hydrocarbyl phenol having the formula: ii) an amine-based detergent having the formula: R ４ -O-(CH ２ ) ｙ -NHR ５ [In the formula, R ４ is a hydrocarbyl group having 8 to 20 carbons, and R ５ is hydrogen or (CH ２ ) ｚ NH ２ and y and z are independently integers having a value of 2 or greater. iii) one or more nitrogen-containing detergents About 10 to 70% by weight of a detergent mixture comprising A concentrated composition comprising:

12. 12. The concentrate of claim 11, wherein the carboxyl group is a carboxylic acid, an ester, an amide, or a ketone.

13. Said C １ -C ３ Alcohol is -[CH ２ ] ｗ -OH wherein w is 1 to 3.

12. The concentrate of claim 11 having a structure represented by:

14. The compound has the formula 6 【Chemistry 9】 [In the formula, each R ２２ and R ２３ are independently hydrogen, C １ -C ４ a hydrocarbyl group, or C １ -C ３ alcohol; p is 1 to 20, q is 1 to 3, s is 1 to 3, and q+s<6; R ２１ is C １ -C １００ 12. The concentrate of claim 11, wherein the alkyl group is a hydrocarbyl group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, an aminoalkyl group, or a hydroxyl group.

15. Use of a fuel composition described in any one of claims 1 to 5 in an internal combustion engine to reduce injector fouling as determined by evaluating fuel injector flow recovery in accordance with the test method described in the specification.

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