Methods for reducing flooding inside buildings

Abstract

To provide a method and a system which are capable of lowering an average water depth of a floor as much as possible by, on the assumption that the inside of a building is regarded as a tank for storing water, changing the volume of a water storage tank by utilizing an automatic opening / closing operation of a door of each room.SOLUTION: Water immersion into a place to be an evacuation passage is reduced by automatically opening a door of a closed vacant room when water immersion into a building is sensed by a water level sensor, and positively immersing the vacant room to be utilized as a water-storing place. At this time, priority is given according to asset values of articles stored in each room of the building, and doors of the rooms are opened in order from lower indoor asset value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for reducing flooding in buildings, and more particularly to a method suitable for reducing flooding in buildings equipped with automatic door opening and closing devices. [Background technology]

[0002] The risk of flooding inside buildings is increasing due to an increase in heavy rainfall. Conventionally, known technologies for reducing the risk of flooding inside buildings include those that use sensors installed inside buildings to detect flooding and issue warnings about the risk of electrical leakage or landslides or mudslides on the mountain behind the building, as shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. In addition, with regard to flooding in underground shopping malls and basements, there is a technology disclosed in Patent Document 3 that provides an escape door at the entrance and exit door and also provides an alarm device that detects abnormal water levels. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-92897 [Patent Document 2] Utility Model Registration No. 3047509 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-214052 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, when a building is flooded, conventional technologies address the issue of measures to be taken in the event of flooding or improvements to flood prevention technology, without utilizing the space inside the building. Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide a method and system that treats the interior of the building as a tank for storing water, changes the water storage tank capacity using the automatic opening and closing of doors in each room, and can keep the average water depth on each floor as low as possible to ensure an evacuation route. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] To achieve the above object, the method for reducing flooding in a building according to the present invention is configured to automatically open the doors of closed rooms on a floor where flooding is predicted when a water level sensor detects water flowing into the building, and use the rooms as a place to store the water that has flowed in, thereby reducing the depth of flooding in areas that could serve as evacuation routes. In this case, priorities can be assigned according to the asset value of items stored in rooms on floors where flooding is predicted, and rooms with lower asset value can be opened first.

[0006] The system for reducing flooding in buildings using automatic door opening and closing according to the present invention comprises an opening and closing device for opening and closing the doors of rooms on floors where flooding is predicted, a water level sensor for measuring the flood depth in evacuation passages, and control means for operating the opening and closing device when the flood depth detected by the water level sensor reaches an allowable limit. In this case, too, the control means operates the opening and closing device according to priorities assigned based on the asset values ​​of stored items in rooms on floors where flooding is predicted. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to this invention, when flooding of a building cannot be prevented in the event of damage from a heavy rain disaster or the like, floodwater can be let into the building, treating the building as a water storage tank, and actively flooding the building, thereby using the vacant rooms as water storage areas, thereby reducing the impact of flooding on evacuation routes.In addition, each accessible room is prioritized according to the value of the assets stored therein, and rooms with lower asset values ​​are released according to the priority, thereby protecting assets. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a building flood reduction system. [Figure 2] This is an example diagram of the installation of a water inundation reduction system inside a building. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a room division diagram of a basement floor plan of a building for explaining the principle of an embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a weighted room division diagram of an underground floor plan of a building for explaining the principle of an embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the door opening and closing operation in the embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a plan view of a basement of a building showing a state diagram at the start of flooding when the embodiment is applied. [Figure 7] This is a predicted flood depth map for further flood depth at flood depth D1. [Figure 8] This is a diagram of the room being open when the flood depth is D1. [Figure 9] This is a predicted flood depth map for further flood depth at flood depth D2. [Figure 10] This is a diagram of the room being opened when the flood depth is D2. [Figure 11] This is a floor plan of each floor when there are multiple basement floors. [Figure 12] This is a flood analysis diagram showing the water depth up to the evacuation danger depth. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the transition of the flood depth at the water level sensor position in FIG. 12. [Figure 14] This is a diagram showing the transition of water depth distribution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The following describes an embodiment of a building flooding reduction system and a building flooding reduction method using the system according to the present invention. Note that this embodiment is merely an example, and the configuration may be changed without changing the gist of the present invention.

[0010] When a building floods, if the doors of each room on the basement floor are open, they act as "tanks" that store water, and the average water depth on the floor will be lower than if the doors were closed. However, depending on the extent of the flooding, it may not be necessary to open all closed doors to secure a storage area. For example, opening the door of a room containing expensive equipment on a floor like the one shown in Figure 3 could cause significant property damage due to flooding.

[0011] Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the office 10 where employees are located, as well as the warehouse (storeroom) 12 where inexpensive equipment is stored, are set as rooms with the lowest asset value V0, and the laboratory 14 where expensive laboratory equipment is kept is set as a room with the second highest asset value V1. Then, rooms such as the analysis room 16 where very expensive analytical equipment is kept are ranked as having an asset value V2. In this embodiment, by setting an asset value (Value) level for each room as shown in FIG. 4, in the event of flooding, only the room with the lowest asset value (asset value V0) will have its door opened immediately, while the other rooms (asset values ​​V1, V2, ... V N ) is the case when simply opening a room with asset value V0 is not sufficient.

[0012] In this embodiment, the door opening operation is performed at the asset value level V set in FIG. N In addition, this is done by setting the following variables shown in Figure 5. (1) Evacuation danger depth: Water depth D at which evacuation becomes impossible (e.g., 0.3 m), (2) Evacuation completion time: The time from the start of flooding until the evacuation of people from the floor is completed. (3) Door opening operation standard water depth (D0, D1, D2,..., D N ): Water depth D that determines whether or not to open the door for each asset value level V V0-V N-1 When N stages are set, the N stages (D0-D N-1 ) Set the reference water depth. M When asset value level V M Decide whether to open the door to your room.

[0013] Taking this into consideration, FIGS. 1 and 2 show the configuration of a system 20 for reducing flooding in buildings by automatically opening and closing doors according to an embodiment, and the configuration when actually installed in a building.

[0014] This system 20 includes a water level sensor 24 that senses the inflow of water into the building and measures the depth of waterlogging in the evacuation route, an automatic opening and closing device 26 that opens and closes the doors of the rooms on the floors where waterlogging is predicted, a door opening and closing detection sensor 28 that detects whether the door is open or closed, and a control means (server) 30 that operates the automatic opening and closing device 26 to open the door when the depth of waterlogging detected by the water level sensor 24 reaches the allowable limit. The control means 30 is equipped with a storage device 32 and a data processing device 34 as built-in devices.

[0015] In this building interior waterlogging reduction system 20, the door opening and closing detection sensor 28 constantly monitors the opening and closing state of the door, and when there is a change in the state (when the door is closed or opened), it sends the information to the server 30 or the like and stores it in the storage device 32. That is, the storage device 32 holds the opening and closing state of the doors in the building in real time.

[0016] The flowchart of this building interior waterlogging reduction system 20 is shown in FIG. 5. In advance, the building manager or the like inputs information about which doors are set to be automatically released during waterlogging into the storage device 32. At the same time, the asset value level V N of the rooms to which those doors belong is input, and the evacuation danger water depth, the evacuation completion time, and the door opening operation reference water depth D N are also input (step 100).

[0017] It is detected whether the building is flooded by the water level sensor 24. The water level sensor 24 measures the depth of waterlogging (O(t)) (step 102), and repeats this until D0 < O(t) is satisfied (step 104). If D0 < O(t) is satisfied, the water level sensor 24 senses it as flooding. The information is sent to the server 30, and the following operations are performed by the data processing device 30 according to the latest measured water depth O(t). The water level sensor 24 always measures the water depth at regular intervals, and the measured water depth and the measurement time are stored in the storage device 32.

[0018] When D0 < O(t) is initially confirmed, the door of the room at asset value level V0 is opened, and at the same time, the presence or absence of opening and closing of other rooms is confirmed by the storage device 32. If there is a room with an open door, its automatic opening and closing device 26 is activated to close the door (step 106). Then, the flooding level M is incremented by one (M = 1) (step 108), and the measurement of the flooding depth by the water level sensor 24 placed in the evacuation route is continued (step 110).

[0019] Now, when the M-th door is opened at the reference water depth D M , also considering the measured water depth O(t), the measured flooding depth O(t - Δt) of the immediate previous evacuation route (ΔT: water depth measurement time interval), whether to open the room at asset value level V M is determined by the following formula.

[0020] D M-1 < O(t - Δt) < D M and D M <= O(t) This means that the immediate previous measured water depth O(t - Δt) is in the previous water depth range (D M-1 ~D M ), and the latest measured water depth O(t) is at or above the upper water depth D M .

[0021] Therefore, using the above formula as the determination criterion (step 112), if this is not satisfied, it is set to NO. Further, if (M = 1 and O(t) < D0) or (M >= 2 and D M-2 < O(t) < D M-1 ) is determined (step 114), when this is satisfied, the immediate previous measured water depth O(t - Δt) is D M-1 < O(t - Δt) < D M , but the water depth has decreased, indicating that the measured water depth O(t) is measuring the next lower water depth range. Therefore, when this is satisfied, M = M - 1 to decrease the flooding level by one (step 116). Then, a determination is made as to whether M = 0 (step 118), and since it returns to step 102.

[0022] When the conditional expression in step 112 is satisfied, a prediction of the change in flood depth is made. From the extracted measured water depth sequence, the change in flood depth is predicted and the time when the evacuation danger water depth will be exceeded is estimated (step 122). If the time when the evacuation danger water depth will be exceeded is before the evacuation completion time (step 124), the asset value level V M The automatic opening / closing device 26 is operated to open the door to the room (step 126). Thereafter, this process is repeated while updating the flood level M (step 128).

[0023] The door opening operation method will be described below using the case in Figure 4 as an example. The dangerous evacuation water depth is 0.4 m, the required evacuation time is 300 seconds, and the standard water depths for door opening operation are D0 = 0 m, D1 = 0.1 m, and D2 = 0.3 m.

[0024] (1) D0 (0 m) < Flood depth (at the start of inflow) In this example, this is when water begins to flow in from the stairs, and the building flooding reduction system 20 detects the start of flooding on the floor via the water level sensor 24. At this time, the doors of rooms set to asset value level V0 are opened, and the doors of other rooms are closed, as shown in Figure 6. In this example, it is assumed that at this point an announcement is made on the floor that flooding has begun, and evacuation of people begins.

[0025] (2) Flood depth D1 (0.1 m here) When the flood depth reaches D1, future changes in water depth are predicted based on the changes in water depth up to that point, as shown in Figure 7. The prediction algorithm in this case is based on simple linear interpolation in Figure 7, but it is also possible to create an approximation formula using a parabola, etc. As shown in Figure 7, the flood depth prediction at the time of flood depth D1 indicates that if things continue as they are, the flood depth will reach the evacuation danger depth before evacuation can be completed. Therefore, new storage locations are secured by opening up vacant properties with asset value level V1, as shown in Figure 8.

[0026] (3) Flood depth D2 (0.3 m here) When the flood depth reaches D2, future changes in water depth are again predicted based on the changes in water depth up to that point, as shown in Figure 9. As shown in Figure 9, according to the flood depth prediction at the time of flood depth D2, if the flood depth continues as it is, the flood depth will not exceed the evacuation danger depth until after the evacuation is completed. Therefore, as shown in Figure 10, there is no need to open vacant rooms with asset value level V2, and properties with rooms with asset value level V2 will be spared from flood damage.

[0027] In this way, by using the method of this patent, it is possible to secure a storage area sufficient to buy time for evacuation by opening the doors of vacant rooms, and by avoiding unnecessary door opening, it is possible to protect rooms containing valuable items from flood damage.

[0028] In addition, in buildings with multiple basement floors, for each floor, Dangerous water depth for evacuation · Evacuation completion time Door opening operation reference water depth However, it is also possible that an evacuation route within a floor is shared with a lower basement floor, as shown in Figure 11. In this case, the longest evacuation time among all people evacuating via this evacuation route is set as the evacuation completion time.

[0029] Next, we conducted an actual flood analysis to determine how long it would take for the flood depth to reach the evacuation danger depth. Figure 12 shows the analysis area. Assuming that the evacuation distance from the office is approximately 90 m, the walking speed is 0.4 m / s, taking into account flooding and a safety factor, and that it takes 10 seconds to start evacuation, the evacuation time would be 235 seconds. We assumed that the inflow of floodwater occurs through the louver. We calculated the flow rate into the building using the overflow equation for a rectangular weir, assuming that the length of the louver is 10 m, the height of the louver to the ground is 0.3 m, and the flood depth above ground where the louver is located is 0.5 m. The flood analysis was performed by solving the two-dimensional shallow water equations using the finite difference method.

[0030] Figure 13 shows the transition of flood depth at the locations where the water level sensors in Figure 12 were installed. In this calculation, the door to V1 (the laboratory) was opened when the water depth reached D1. As a result, the arrival of the evacuation danger water depth was delayed by approximately 40 seconds compared to if the door to V1 (the laboratory) had remained closed, making it possible to complete the evacuation. For reference, Figure 14 shows the change in water depth distribution.

[0031] By using the method of the present invention, it is possible to secure a storage area sufficient to buy time for evacuation by opening the doors of vacant rooms, and by avoiding unnecessary door opening, it is possible to protect rooms containing valuable assets from flood damage. [Industrial Applicability]

[0032] By placing them in each room on the basement floor, which is divided into stages to protect against flooding, it is possible to buy time for evacuation, protecting not only human lives but also valuable assets. [Explanation of symbols]

[0033] 10...Office, 12...Warehouse (storage), 14...Laboratory, 16...Analysis room, 20...Building flooding reduction system, 24...Water level sensor, 26...Automatic opening and closing device, 28...Door opening and closing detection sensor, 30...Control means (server), 32...Storage device, 34...Data processing device.

Claims

1. A method for reducing flooding inside a building, characterized by automatically opening the doors of closed rooms on floors where flooding is predicted when a water level sensor detects water flowing into the building, and using those rooms as a storage area for the inflowing water, thereby reducing the depth of flooding in areas that serve as evacuation routes.

2. 2. A method for reducing flooding in a building according to claim 1, characterized in that priorities are assigned according to the asset value of stored items in rooms on floors where flooding is predicted, and rooms with lower asset values ​​are opened first.

Images