waste treatment facilities

Abstract

This waste treatment facility comprises: a storage unit in which waste is stored; at least one treatment facility in which part of the waste stored in the storage unit undergoes intermediate treatment; a hydrothermal treatment apparatus that hydrolyzes the remaining part of the waste stored in the storage unit by means of steam to generate a modified substance; and a treatment condition setting apparatus that acquires process data from the hydrothermal treatment apparatus, estimates an index for setting treatment conditions for the intermediate treatment of waste in the at least one treatment facility, and sets the treatment conditions on the basis of the index.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to waste treatment facilities. This application claims priority based on Patent Application No. 2021-184843, filed with the Japan Patent Office on November 12, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] A waste treatment facility is often equipped with treatment equipment for intermediate treatment of waste, and is configured to perform intermediate treatment under optimal conditions. For example, if the waste treatment facility is a waste incineration facility, an automatic combustion control system is employed to automatically adjust the amount of waste and the amount of combustion air supplied to the incinerator (treatment facility). Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for calculating the dust feeding rate of a dust feeder that supplies waste to an incinerator based on the lower heating value of the waste (high-precision lower heating value and low-precision lower heating value). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-180971 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, in the technology described in Patent Document 1, the high-precision lower heating value is calculated from the relationship between the heat input and heat output of the incinerator, and the low-precision lower heating value is calculated from the composition of the exhaust gas generated by the incineration of waste. In other words, since the amount of waste supplied is set after the waste is incinerated, there is a risk that the control of the amount of waste supplied to the incinerator will be delayed and the operating state of the incinerator will become unstable.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a waste treatment facility that can stabilize the operating state of the treatment equipment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the waste treatment facility according to the present disclosure includes a storage section for storing waste, at least one treatment facility for intermediately treating a portion of the waste stored in the storage section, a hydrothermal treatment device for hydrolyzing the remainder of the waste stored in the storage section with steam to produce a modified product, and a treatment condition setting device for acquiring process data of the hydrothermal treatment device, estimating, based on the process data, an index for setting treatment conditions for intermediately treating the waste in the at least one treatment facility, and setting the treatment conditions based on the index. a composition identification device that identifies the composition of the modified product; Equipped with The indicator includes at least one of a moisture content of the waste and a lower heating value of the waste, the process data includes a composition of the modified product identified by the composition identifying device, and the processing condition setting device estimates at least one of a moisture content of the waste and a lower heating value of the waste based on the composition of the modified product. do. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the waste treatment facility of the present disclosure, the operating conditions of the treatment equipment can be stabilized. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a waste treatment facility (incineration facility) according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic functional block diagram of an incineration condition setting device according to a first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 3] 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a configuration for acquiring the amount of waste input and the amount of steam supply according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the schematic configuration of an incineration facility according to a second embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a composition specifying device according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6A] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a model of a hydrothermal treatment balance equation according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6B] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a first map according to the second embodiment. [Figure 6C] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a list of process measurement values ​​according to the second embodiment. [Figure 6D]FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a list of unknowns according to the second embodiment. [Figure 6E] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of estimating the composition and moisture content of waste according to the second embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a composition specifying device according to a modified example of the second embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a second map according to a modified example of the second embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the schematic configuration of an incineration facility according to a third embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a supply device according to a third embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a supply device according to a modified example of the third embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the schematic configuration of an incineration facility according to a fourth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] A waste treatment facility according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. The embodiment shows one aspect of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. The embodiment can be modified as desired within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure.

[0010] First Embodiment (Configuration of waste treatment facilities) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a waste treatment facility according to a first embodiment. The waste treatment facility is, for example, an incineration facility 1 that incinerates waste Ws, such as municipal waste. Municipal waste is primarily composed of food waste, paper waste, and plastic waste, and also contains small amounts of metals. The waste Ws is not limited to municipal waste, and may be waste with a higher moisture content than municipal waste, such as sludge generated by treating wastewater from factories or agricultural waste. In this disclosure, an example will be described in which the waste treatment facility is an incineration facility 1.

[0011] As shown in FIG. 1, the incineration facility 1 includes a storage section 2, a treatment facility 4, a hydrothermal treatment device 6, and a treatment condition setting device 8.

[0012] The storage section 2 stores the waste Ws. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the storage section 2 is a garbage pit 2A(2), and the incineration facility 1 includes a platform 102, a crane 104, a receiving hopper 106, and a dust feeder 108. The garbage pit 2A is in communication with the platform 102 and stores the waste Ws that is dumped from the platform 102 by a garbage truck 103. The crane 104 provided within the garbage pit 2A dumps a portion of the waste Ws stored in the garbage pit 2A into the receiving hopper 106. The dust feeder 108 supplies the waste Ws dumped into the receiving hopper 106 to the incinerator 4A, which will be described later. Specifically, the dust feeder 108 moves back and forth to push the waste Ws placed in the receiving hopper 106 toward the incinerator 4A, and supplies it into the incinerator 4A through a supply port 105 formed in the incinerator 4A.

[0013] The treatment equipment 4 performs intermediate treatment on a portion of the waste Ws stored in the storage section 2. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the treatment equipment 4 is an incinerator 4A(4) that incinerates a portion of the waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the incinerator 4A has a cylindrical shape extending vertically and includes a grate 110 (stoker) on which the waste Ws pushed into the incinerator 4A through the supply port 105 accumulates. The grate 110 is configured to move the waste Ws accumulated on the grate 110 in a direction away from the supply port 105. The grate 110 forms a drying region 112, a combustion region 114, and a post-combustion region 116, which are arranged in this order from upstream to downstream in the direction of movement of the waste Ws. The drying region 112 dries the waste Ws accumulated on the grate 110 using heat within the incinerator 4A. The combustion zone 114 generates a flame Fr to combust the waste Ws accumulated on the grate 110. The post-combustion zone 116 completely burns any remaining waste that did not burn in the combustion zone 114. The waste Ws that has been dried, combusted, and post-combusted in the incinerator 4A becomes ash As, which is discharged outside the incinerator 4A.

[0014] 1, the incineration facility 1 includes an air supply device 118 that supplies combustion air to the incinerator 4A for use in burning the waste Ws. The air supply device 118 includes a forced draft fan 120, an air supply line 122 that connects the forced draft fan 120 to the fire grate 110 and through which the combustion air flows, and an air flow control valve 124 that is provided in the air supply line 122 and adjusts the amount of combustion air supplied into the incinerator 4A by the forced draft fan 120.

[0015] The forced draft fan 120 takes in combustion air from outside the incineration facility 1 and supplies it into the incinerator 4A from below the grate 110 via an air supply line 122. The air supply line 122 is equipped with multiple air supply ports so that combustion air is supplied to each of the drying area 112, the combustion area 114, and the post-combustion area 116. The air flow control valve 124 includes a first air flow control valve 124a (124) that adjusts the amount of combustion air supplied to the drying area 112, a second air flow control valve 124b (124) that adjusts the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion area 114, and a third air flow control valve 124c (124) that adjusts the amount of combustion air supplied to the post-combustion area 116.

[0016] In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the incineration facility 1 is configured to treat exhaust gas Eg generated by the combustion of waste Ws, and includes a flue 126, a heat exchanger 128, a dust collector 130, an induced draft fan 132, a chimney 134, a steam turbine 136, and a generator 138.

[0017] The flue 126 is connected to the vertical upper part of the incinerator 4A, and exhaust gas Eg flows through it. In the flow direction of the exhaust gas Eg through the flue 126, a heat exchanger 128, a dust collector 130, and an induced draft fan 132 are provided in this order from the upstream side. A chimney 134 is provided at the downstream end of the flue 126.

[0018] The heat exchanger 128 recovers heat from the exhaust gas Eg by exchanging heat between the steam or feedwater and the exhaust gas Eg. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 , the heat exchanger 128 includes an upstream heat exchanger 128A (128) and a downstream heat exchanger 128B (128) disposed downstream of the upstream heat exchanger 128A in the flow direction of the exhaust gas Eg. The upstream heat exchanger 128A is, for example, a superheater, and the steam flowing through the upstream heat exchanger 128A is superheated by the exhaust gas Eg. The superheated steam S1 generated in the upstream heat exchanger 128A is supplied to the steam turbine 136 and drives the steam turbine 136 to rotate. The generator 138 is connected to the steam turbine 136 and generates electricity in response to the rotation of the steam turbine 136. The downstream heat exchanger 128B is, for example, a reheater or a coal economizer, and is supplied with exhaust steam S2 discharged from the steam turbine 136. The downstream heat exchanger 128B exchanges heat between the exhaust steam S2 and the exhaust gas Eg. Although not shown, the incineration facility 1 may further include a condenser, and the downstream heat exchanger 128B may be supplied with condensate generated by cooling the exhaust steam S2 by the condenser.

[0019] The dust collector 130 collects particulate matter (fly ash) contained in the flue gas Eg. The induced draft fan 132 draws the flue gas Eg toward the chimney 134. The chimney 134 discharges the flue gas Eg to the outside of the incineration facility 1. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the incineration facility 1 further includes a circulation line 140 connecting the flue 126 and the incinerator 4A, and a circulation fan 142 that is provided on the circulation line 140 and circulates a portion of the flue gas Eg flowing through the flue 126 to the incinerator 4A. The circulation line 140 is connected to a portion of the flue 126 between the dust collector 130 and the induced draft fan 132. The circulation fan 142 is a forced draft fan that takes in the flue gas Eg from the flue 126 and forces it into the incinerator 4A.

[0020] The hydrothermal treatment device 6 and the treatment condition setting device 8 will now be described. The hydrothermal treatment device 6 uses steam to hydrolyze the remaining waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A (storage section 2) to produce a modified product X1. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 is disposed on a stage 144 provided within the waste pit 2A. The hydrothermal treatment device 6 receives the waste Ws from the waste pit 2A via a crane 104 and hydrolyzes the received waste Ws batchwise using steam. The hydrothermal treatment device 6 may employ wet hydrolysis in which steam contacts the waste Ws to heat the waste Ws, or dry hydrolysis in which steam does not contact the waste Ws but indirectly heats the waste Ws. The modified product X1 may be supplied to the incinerator 4A, as described below, or may be discharged to the outside of the incineration facility 1.

[0021] In some embodiments, the steam used by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 to hydrolyze the remainder of the waste material Ws includes the above-mentioned exhaust steam S2. In some embodiments, the steam turbine 136 includes a high-pressure turbine to which superheated steam S1 is supplied, and a low-pressure turbine to which superheated steam S1 flowing out of the high-pressure turbine is supplied. The steam used by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 to hydrolyze the remainder of the waste material Ws includes a portion of the superheated steam S1 flowing out of the high-pressure turbine (extracted steam).

[0022] In some embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 is also configured to be able to directly accept the waste Ws transported to the incineration facility 1. In other words, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 is also configured to be able to accept the waste Ws transported to the incineration facility 1 without going through the garbage pit 2A. This configuration makes it possible to prevent waste Ws with a high moisture content, such as sludge, rice straw, vegetable waste, seaweed, and fish processing residues, from being supplied to the incinerator 4A, thereby promoting the combustion of the waste Ws.

[0023] In some embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 may also function as (serve as) the treatment facility 4, and perform intermediate treatment on a portion of the waste Ws stored in the storage section 2. In this case, the intermediate treatment refers to hydrolysis of the waste Ws by the hydrothermal treatment device 6.

[0024] The treatment condition setting device 8 acquires process data from the hydrothermal treatment device 6, estimates indicators for setting incineration conditions for incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A (treatment conditions for intermediately treating the waste Ws in the treatment facility 4) based on the process data, and sets the incineration conditions based on these indicators. Such treatment condition setting device 8 is a computer such as an electronic control device, and includes a processor such as a CPU or GPU (not shown), memory such as ROM and RAM, and an I / O interface. The treatment condition setting device 8 realizes several functions provided by the treatment condition setting device 8 by the processor operating (calculating, etc.) according to the instructions of a program loaded into the memory. The treatment condition setting device 8 may also be a cloud server provided in a cloud environment.

[0025] 1, the treatment condition setting device 8 is electrically connected to the hydrothermal treatment device 6, the dust feeder 108, the first air flow rate control valve 124a, the second air flow rate control valve 124b, and the third air flow rate control valve 124c. The treatment condition setting device 8 sets the reciprocating speed of the dust feeder 108 so that the amount of waste Ws based on an index estimated from the process data of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 is supplied to the incinerator 4A. Furthermore, the treatment condition setting device 8 sets the aperture of each of the first air flow rate control valve 124a, the second air flow rate control valve 124b, and the third air flow rate control valve 124c so that the amount of combustion air based on the index estimated from the process data of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 is supplied to the incinerator 4A.

[0026] An example of estimation of an index by the treatment condition setting device 8 will be described. Fig. 2 is a schematic functional block diagram of the treatment condition setting device 8 according to the first embodiment. As illustrated in Fig. 2, the treatment condition setting device 8 includes a waste input amount acquisition unit 81 that acquires the amount of waste Ws input into the hydrothermal treatment device 6 (hereinafter referred to as waste input amount P1), a steam supply amount acquisition unit 82 that acquires the amount of steam (hereinafter referred to as steam supply amount P2) that is supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 6 to produce a modified product X1 from the waste Ws input into the hydrothermal treatment device 6, a moisture content estimation unit 85 that estimates the moisture content of the waste Ws based on the waste input amount P1 and the steam supply amount P2, and an incineration condition setting unit 86 that sets incineration conditions based on the moisture content of the waste Ws estimated by the moisture content estimation unit 85.

[0027] The waste input amount P1 and the steam supply amount P2 are each process data of the hydrothermal treatment device 6. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a configuration for acquiring the waste input amount P1 and the steam supply amount P2 according to the first embodiment. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the incineration facility 1 further includes a waste amount acquisition device 150 that acquires the waste input amount P1 (amount of waste), and a steam amount acquisition device 152 that acquires the steam supply amount P2 (amount of steam). The waste amount acquisition device 150 is, for example, a load cell, and acquires the difference between the weight of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 after the waste Ws has been input and the weight of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 before the waste Ws was input as the waste input amount P1. The steam amount obtaining device 152 obtains, for example, the flow rate Sf of steam flowing through the pipe that supplies steam to the hydrothermal treatment device 6 from a flow meter 153, and obtains the temperature rise time (hereinafter referred to as temperature rise time P3) required for the waste material Ws input into the hydrothermal treatment device 6 to be heated by the steam to a predetermined temperature rise temperature T from a timer 154. Then, the steam amount obtaining device 152 obtains the steam supply amount P2 by multiplying the steam flow rate Sf by the temperature rise time P3.

[0028] The moisture content estimation unit 85 stores a heat balance equation including the amount of waste input P1 (symbol Min in equation (1)) and the amount of steam supplied P2 (symbol Mst_in in equation (1)), and estimates the moisture content of the waste Ws by inputting the amount of waste input P1 and the amount of steam supplied P2 into this heat balance equation. The heat balance equation is expressed by equation (1), which indicates that the input waste and the reaction vessel are heated by the latent heat (and sensible heat) of the input steam. Q=Min·(1-Win)·Cp_so·(TH-Tin)+Min·Win·Cp_w·(TH-Tin)+Mr·Cp_r·(TH-Tr0) =Mst_in·Lst···(1) Here, Q represents the total amount of heat input into the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Min represents the weight of the input waste Ws, Win represents the moisture content of the input waste Ws, Cp_so represents the solid specific heat of the waste Ws set based on actual results, TH represents the treatment temperature for hydrolyzing the waste Ws, Tin represents the input temperature of the waste Ws, Cp_w represents the specific heat of water, Mr represents the weight of the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Cp_r represents the specific heat of the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Tr0 represents the initial temperature of the hydrothermal treatment device 6, Mst_in represents the weight of steam, and Lst represents the latent heat of steam (a value that takes into account the sensible heat up to TH). Note that Min, TH, Tin, Mr (reactor weight is measured only the first time), and Mst_in are process measurement values, and Cp_so, Cp_w, Cp_r, and Lst are pre-set physical property values. In other words, since the only unknown is Win, the moisture content Win of the input waste Ws can be calculated as shown in equation (2). Win={Mst_in Lst-Min Cp_so (TH-Tin)-Mr Cp_r (TH-Tr0)} / {-Min (TH-Tin) (Cp_so-Cp_w)} (2) In actual operation, it is possible to calculate the moisture content of the input waste, Win, as shown in equation (3) by substituting Mst_in = Fst·t, which uses the steam flow rate Fst and the steam input time t, into equation (2). Note that t represents the temperature rise time P3. Win={Fst·t·Lst-Min·Cp_so·(TH-Tin)-Mr·Cp_r·(TH-Tr0)} / {-Min·(TH-Tin)·(Cp_so-Cp_w)}···(3) When this method was used to estimate the moisture content of the actual measured value of 47.2% (true value), the estimated value was 45.2%, which was in good agreement.

[0029] The incineration condition setting unit 86 sets the reciprocating speed of the dust supply device 108, the opening degree of the first air flow rate control valve 124a, the opening degree of the second air flow rate control valve 124b, and the opening degree of the third air flow rate control valve 124c based on the moisture content of the waste Ws estimated by the moisture content estimation unit 85. For example, the incineration condition setting unit 86 stores a map in which the reciprocating speed of the dust supply device 108, the opening degree of the first air flow rate control valve 124a, the opening degree of the second air flow rate control valve 124b, and the opening degree of the third air flow rate control valve 124c correspond to the moisture content of the waste Ws, and sets the reciprocating speed of the dust supply device 108, the opening degree of the first air flow rate control valve 124a, the opening degree of the second air flow rate control valve 124b, and the opening degree of the third air flow rate control valve 124c based on this map.

[0030] (Actions and Effects of the First Embodiment) The incineration conditions are set based on the properties of the waste Ws, such as the lower heating value or moisture content of the waste Ws. According to the knowledge of the present inventors, the properties of the waste Ws can be estimated from the process data of the hydrothermal treatment device 6.

[0031] According to the first embodiment, the incineration facility 1 includes a hydrothermal treatment device 6 that uses steam to hydrolyze a portion of the waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A to produce a modified product X1, and a treatment condition setting device 8 that sets the incineration conditions for incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A based on process data from the hydrothermal treatment device 6. Therefore, before incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A, the properties of the waste Ws can be estimated and the incineration conditions for incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A can be set in advance, so that the incinerator 4A can be operated under appropriate incineration conditions and the operating state of the incinerator 4A can be stabilized.

[0032] When the waste Ws is collected at the same time and in the same area, the variation in the physical properties of the paper waste and plastic waste contained in the waste Ws (for example, the moisture content of the paper and the specific heat of the plastic) is small. However, the proportion of the paper waste and plastic waste contained in the waste Ws changes daily. In other words, the moisture content of the waste Ws changes daily. According to the first embodiment, the incineration conditions of the incinerator 4A are set based on the moisture content of the waste Ws estimated before the waste Ws is incinerated in the incinerator 4A. This allows for stable operation of the incinerator 4A.

[0033] Because waste Ws is heterogeneous, it has not been easy to set incineration conditions from the waste Ws. However, according to the first embodiment, the modified material X1 is a volume-reduced version of a large amount of waste Ws, so the incineration conditions are set from the large amount of waste Ws. In other words, the accuracy of the incineration conditions can be greatly improved when setting the incineration conditions.

[0034] According to the first embodiment, the incineration conditions include both the amount of waste Ws supplied to the incinerator 4A and the amount of combustion air. Therefore, before incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A, the amount of waste Ws and the combustion air to be supplied to the incinerator 4A can be set in advance, and the incinerator 4A can be operated with an appropriate amount of waste Ws and an appropriate amount of combustion air, thereby stabilizing the operating state of the incinerator 4A.

[0035] In the first embodiment, the incineration conditions include both the amount of waste Ws supplied to the incinerator 4A and the amount of combustion air, but the present disclosure is not limited to this embodiment. In some embodiments, the incineration conditions include either the amount of waste Ws supplied to the incinerator 4A or the amount of combustion air. In some embodiments, the incineration conditions include the movement speed of the grate 110. In some embodiments, the incineration conditions include the amount of exhaust gas Eg circulated through the incinerator 4A. In this case, the processing condition setting device 8 sets, for example, the rotation speed of the fan of the circulation blower 142.

[0036] According to the first embodiment, before incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A, the processing condition setting device 8 estimates the moisture content of the waste Ws using a heat balance equation, and based on this moisture content of the waste Ws, the amount of waste Ws and the amount of combustion air to be supplied to the incinerator 4A can be set in advance.

[0037] In the first embodiment, the processing condition setting device 8 estimated the moisture content of the waste Ws, which is one of the indicators, based on a heat balance equation including the waste input amount P1 (amount of waste Ws) and the steam supply amount P2 (amount of steam), but the present disclosure is not limited to this form.

[0038] Second Embodiment An incineration facility 1 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a composition identification device 10 is further provided, but other configurations are the same as those described in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0039] 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an incineration facility 1 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the incineration facility 1 further includes a composition identification device 10.

[0040] (Configuration of composition identification device) The composition identifying device 10 identifies the composition of the modified product X1 produced by the hydrothermal treatment device 6. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the composition identifying device 10 is configured to receive the modified product X1 produced by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 via a connection line 11 that connects to the hydrothermal treatment device 6. The composition identifying device 10 is electrically connected to the treatment condition setting device 8. The treatment condition setting device 8 acquires the composition of the modified product X1 identified by the composition identifying device 10 as process data of the hydrothermal treatment device 6. The treatment condition setting device 8 then estimates the moisture content of the waste Ws, which is one of the indicators, based on the composition of the modified product X1. The composition identifying device 10 may be placed on a stage 144 provided in the garbage pit 2A together with the hydrothermal treatment device 6.

[0041] The specific configuration of the composition identifying device 10 according to the second embodiment will be described. Fig. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the composition identifying device 10 according to the second embodiment. As shown in Fig. 5, the composition identifying device 10 includes a separation device 12 and a weight measuring device 14.

[0042] The separator 12 separates the modified material X1 into a large particle size component X11 and a small particle size component X12 having a particle size smaller than that of the large particle size component X11. The separator 12 is, for example, a screen having an arbitrary mesh size, and the mesh size corresponds to the particle size at the boundary between the large particle size component X11 and the small particle size component X12. The large particle size component X11 has a high calorific value and a low moisture content, such as plastic waste. The small particle size component X12 has a low calorific value and a high moisture content, such as food, paper, or plants. The separator 12 may have multiple screens with different mesh sizes.

[0043] The weight measuring device 14 measures the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the weight of the small particle size component X12. The composition identifying device 10 then identifies the composition of the modified material X1 from the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the weight of the small particle size component X12. Specifically, if the weight of the large particle size component X11 is 70 g and the weight of the small particle size component X12 is 30 g, the composition identifying device 10 identifies the modified material X1 as having a composition of 70% large particle size component X11 and 30% small particle size component X12. Although not shown, in some embodiments, the incineration facility 1 further includes a methane fermentation device that performs methane fermentation on the small particle size component X12, and the weight measuring device 14 measures the weight of the small particle size component X12 that has been methane fermented by the methane fermentation device.

[0044] Here, a method for estimating the composition of the waste Ws (garbage composition) will be described. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a model of the hydrothermal treatment balance equation according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a first map M1 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6C is a diagram showing a list of process measurement values ​​according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6D is a diagram showing a list of unknowns according to the second embodiment. The first map M1 is created in advance and shows the solid content, moisture content, solid specific heat, solid passage rate through a screen, and lower heating value for food / bio / paper / plastic / other that make up the waste Ws.

[0045] When estimating the composition, the weight of each component is calculated by associating the acquired process measurement data with the first map M1 based on the mass balance and heat balance shown in the hydrothermal treatment balance equation model illustrated in Figure 6A. Regarding these, the following 10 balance equations (Equations (4) to (13)) hold from the perspectives of overall mass balance, water balance, heat balance, above-screen (non-passed material) mass balance, and below-screen (passed material) mass balance, and the unknowns can be solved. One example is a method of using known data on the composition of similar waste Ws (garbage) as initial values ​​and determining the unknowns so that the sum of the squares of the left and right sides of each equation is minimized. Overall Mass Balance Min+Mst=Mup+Mdown (4) Min = Mf + Mb + Mpa + MpL + Mx (5) Water Balance Win·Min=Wf·Mf+Wb·Mb+Wpa·Mpa+WpL·MpL+Wx·Mx···(6) Min·Win+Mst=Mup·Wup+Mdown·Wdown···(7) Mst=Mst_in-Mst_out (8) Thermal Balance Q=Mf·(1-Wf)·Cf·(TH-Tin)+Mf·Wf·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mb·(1-Wb)·Cb·(TH-Tin)+Mb·Wb·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mpa·(1-Wpa)·Cpa·(TH-Tin)+Mpa·Wpa·Cp_W·(TH -Tin)+MpL·(1-WpL)·CpL·(TH-Tin)+MpL·WpL·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mx·(1-Wx)·Cx·(TH-Tin)+Mx·Wx·Cp_W·(TH-Tin)+Mr·Cp_r·(TH-Tr0)=Mst_in·Lst···(9) On-screen (non-passing) mass balance Mup=(Mf (1-Wf) (1-Pf)+Mb (1-Wb) (1-Pb)+Mpa (1-Wpa) (1-Ppa))×A+MpL (1-WpL) (1-PpL)+Mx (1-Wx) (1-Px) (10) Wup=(Mf (1-Wf) (1-Pf)+Mb (1-Wb) (1-Pb)+Mpa (1-Wpa) (1-Ppa))×(A-1) / Mup (11) Below-screen (through-out) mass balance Mdown=(Mf (1-Wf) Pf+Mb (1-Wb) Pb+Mpa (1-Wpa) Ppa)×A+MpL (1-WpL) PpL+Mx (1-Wx) Px (12) Wdown=(Mf (1-Wf) Pf+Mb (1-Wb) Pb+Mpa (1-Wpa) Ppa)×(A-1) / Mdown (13)

[0046] Incidentally, if we assume that moisture is uniformly distributed among the food, bio, and paper solids after hydrothermal treatment, then A can be calculated as A = 1 + (Min·Win + Mst) / (Mf·(1-Wf) + Mb·(1-Wb) + Mpa·(1-Wpa). The lower heating value of waste Ws (garbage) can also be obtained from the weight, moisture content, and lower heating value of each component of waste Ws (garbage).

[0047] The results of estimating the composition and moisture content of waste Ws using this method will be described. FIG. 6E is a diagram showing the results of estimating the composition and moisture content of waste Ws according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6E, multiple wastes Ws (#1 to #12 in FIG. 6E) and test waste Ws (#0 in FIG. 6E) whose compositions (mass proportions of plastic, food, paper, biomass, and others in FIG. 6E) and moisture contents have been measured in advance are prepared. Then, for each of the multiple wastes Ws, the above-mentioned method is used to calculate the predicted weight above the screen (non-passed material), the predicted weight below the screen (passed material), and the predicted moisture content. Then, the actual measured weight above the screen, the actual measured weight below the screen, and the actual measured moisture content of the test waste Ws are measured. Figure 6E shows the ratio of the predicted weight above the screen divided by the measured weight (r1 in Figure 6E), the ratio of the predicted weight below the screen divided by the measured weight (r2 in Figure 6E), and the ratio of the predicted moisture content divided by the measured value (r3 in Figure 6E). The closer the ratio is to 1, the smaller the error from the test waste Ws (#0). Looking at each ratio, #12 has the smallest error from #0. The moisture content of #0 was 47.2%, while that of #12 was 48.0%. The compositions of #0 and #12 were also very similar, for example, #0 paper was 57.4% and #12 paper was 58.5%.

[0048] (Actions and Effects of the Second Embodiment) According to the second embodiment, before incinerating the waste Ws in the incinerator 4A, the moisture content of the waste Ws can be estimated based on the composition of the modified material X1 identified by the composition identification device 10, and the incineration conditions can be set in advance based on this moisture content of the waste Ws.

[0049] Although the methods used by the processing condition setting device 8 to estimate the moisture content of the waste Ws have been described as using a heat balance equation and using the composition of the modified material X1, the processing condition setting device 8 may be configured to apply only one of these methods, or may be configured to apply multiple methods.

[0050] The composition of the waste Ws can be inferred from the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the weight of the small particle size component X12 (the composition of the modified product X1). According to the second embodiment, before the waste Ws is incinerated in the incinerator 4A, the composition of the waste Ws is inferred from the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the weight of the small particle size component X12 separated by the separator 12, and the moisture content of the waste Ws is estimated based on the composition of the waste Ws, and the incineration conditions can be set in advance based on the moisture content of the waste Ws.

[0051] A modified example of the second embodiment will now be described. Fig. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a composition identifying device 10 according to a modified example of the second embodiment. As shown in Fig. 7, the composition identifying device 10 includes a separation device 12 and an imaging device 16. In the modified example of the second embodiment, the same components as those in the second embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0052] The imaging device 16 is a device capable of acquiring image information corresponding to multiple wavelengths, such as a multispectral camera or hyperspectral camera. This imaging device 16 can capture not only visible light but also near-infrared light. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the imaging device 16 captures images of both the large particle size component X11 and the small particle size component X12. The composition identifying device 10 then identifies the composition of the modified material X1 from the image information. For example, the image information captured of the large particle size component X11 includes an image of plastic corresponding to a predetermined wavelength range, and the composition identifying device 10 estimates the weight of the plastic from this image information. Similarly, the image information captured of the small particle size component X12 includes images of food, paper, and biomass corresponding to a predetermined wavelength range, and the composition identifying device 10 estimates the weights of the food, paper, and biomass from this image information. The composition identifying device 10 then identifies the composition of the modified material X1 from the weights of the plastic, food, paper, and biomass.

[0053] Here, the estimation of the moisture content of the waste Ws from the composition of the modified material X1 by the processing condition setting device 8 will be described. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second map M2 according to a modified example of the second embodiment. The second map M2 shows the solid content, moisture, and lower heating value of the waste Ws for each composition. As shown in FIG. 8, the second map M2 includes a plastic solid content 100-a3, moisture a3, and lower heating value b3; a food solid content 100-a4, moisture a4, and lower heating value b4; a paper solid content 100-a5, moisture a5, and lower heating value b5; and a biomass solid content 100-a6, moisture a6, and lower heating value b6. The solid content and moisture are each expressed as a ratio. The lower heating value is the lower heating value per predetermined weight. The second map M2 is pre-stored by the processing condition setting device 8.

[0054] The moisture content estimation unit 85 of the processing condition setting device 8 estimates the moisture content of the waste Ws by analogizing the composition of the modified material X1 identified from the image information as the composition of the waste Ws and associating it with the second map M2. In some embodiments, the processing condition setting device 8 estimates the lower heating value of the waste Ws based on the composition of the modified material X1 identified from the image information. Specifically, the processing condition setting device 8 estimates the lower heating value of the waste Ws by analogizing the composition of the modified material X1 identified from the image information as the composition of the waste Ws and associating it with the above-mentioned second map M2.

[0055] According to the modified example of the second embodiment, the compositions of the large particle size components X11 and the small particle size components X12 can be classified with higher accuracy, and the accuracy of the estimation of the moisture content of the waste Ws by the processing condition setting device 8 can be improved.

[0056] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the composition identifying device 10 includes a removal device 17 that removes components corresponding to a predetermined wavelength from the large particle size component X11 based on image information captured by the imaging device 16. The removal device 17 removes vinyl chloride from the large particle size component X11, for example, by irradiating compressed air toward the large particle size component X11 on the screen. In some embodiments, the removal device 17 removes components corresponding to a predetermined wavelength from the small particle size component X12. In some embodiments, the removal device 17 removes components corresponding to a predetermined wavelength from both the large particle size component X11 and the small particle size component X12. Note that the components removed by the removal device 17 are not limited to vinyl chloride.

[0057] According to a modified example of the second embodiment, when the imaging device 16 includes a hyperspectral camera, it is possible to detect PVC (vinyl chloride), which is derived from Cl, among the non-passing objects on the screen. Specifically, the near-infrared reflectance spectrum of PVC is measured using a hyperspectral camera, and the PVC content is estimated from the percentage of PVC in the screen. Taking advantage of the ability to identify only PVC on the screen (non-passing objects), a sorter (removal device 17) can be installed downstream of the screen and irradiate compressed air to remove only the PVC. The removed PVC can be reused as PVC, and other plastics can be made into high-quality RPF or recycled. Furthermore, the large particle size component X11 from which PVC has been removed is supplied to the incinerator 4A, thereby suppressing corrosion of the flue 126 and other areas caused by PVC.

[0058] According to a modification of the second embodiment, the amount of Cu, Zn, and Pb contained in electronic boards and coated wires, which are Cu-derived elements, can be estimated by using AI-based image processing. Specifically, the characteristics of the electronic boards are extracted using a visible light camera or terahertz camera, and the type, size, and quantity of the electronic boards are identified from their proportions on the screen. The weights of Cu, Zn, and Pb contained in the waste are then determined using the preset weight ratios of Cu, Zn, and Pb contained therein.

[0059] According to a modified example of the second embodiment, the S, Na, K, Zn, and Pb contents of the material that passes through the screen can be estimated by performing X-ray fluorescence image analysis on the powder. Because the material that passes through the screen is a homogeneous powder, it is possible to obtain representative data for the heterogeneous waste Ws, for which it is difficult to obtain representative data. Furthermore, because many salts are water-soluble, it is also possible to determine the Na and K contents by washing the powder with water and measuring the separated water using an ion meter.

[0060] In the modified example of the second embodiment, the imaging device 16 captures both the large particle size component X11 and the small particle size component X12, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. In some embodiments, the imaging device 16 captures either the large particle size component X11 or the small particle size component X12.

[0061] In some embodiments, the incineration conditions (treatment conditions) include the composition and amount of additives to be added to the flue gas Eg (the target) generated by the incineration (intermediate treatment) of the waste Ws. The flue gas Eg may contain components that damage the distribution equipment through which the flue gas Eg flows. For example, corrosion caused by fly ash deposits is a factor that affects boiler wall thinning at the incinerator outlet, and corrosion is accelerated by components such as Cl, S, Na, K, Cu, Zn, and Pb derived from the waste Ws. To suppress the boiler corrosion rate and extend its lifespan, corrosion countermeasures must be implemented promptly depending on the amount of these components mixed in the waste Ws. According to some embodiments, the incineration conditions include the composition and amount of additives to be added to the flue gas Eg, thereby suppressing damage to the incinerator outlet and other areas. Furthermore, removing electronic circuit boards, coated wires, etc. before incinerating the waste Ws can further extend the boiler's lifespan. The object generated by the incineration (intermediate treatment) of the waste Ws is not limited to the exhaust gas Eg, but may be a solid.

[0062] In the second embodiment, the process condition setting device 8 acquires the composition of the modified material X1 as process data from the composition identification device 10, but the present disclosure is not limited to this form. In some embodiments, the composition of the modified material X1 may be used as an index for setting process conditions. In this case, the composition of the modified material X1 is estimated (identified) from the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the weight of the small particle size component X12. In other words, the composition of the modified material X1, which is an index, is estimated from the weight of the large particle size component X11 and the weight of the small particle size component X12, which are process data. Such a composition of the modified material X1 is, for example, the proportion of plastic.

[0063] Third Embodiment An incineration facility 1 according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. The third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that a supply device 18 is further provided, but other configurations are the same as those described in the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, components that are the same as those in the second embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The incineration facility 1 according to some embodiments is obtained by adding a supply device 18 to the first embodiment.

[0064] 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an incineration facility 1 according to a third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, the incineration facility 1 further includes a supply device 18.

[0065] (Supply device configuration) The supply device 18 supplies the reformate X1 from the hydrothermal treatment device 6 to the incinerator 4A. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, the supply device 18 supplies the reformate X1, the composition of which has been identified by the composition identification device 10, to the incinerator 4A. A supply port for the reformate X1 formed in the incinerator 4A is located above the combustion region 114, and the incinerator 4A is configured to be able to quickly combust the reformate X1. The supply device 18 may be, for example, a pipe that connects the composition identification device 10 and the incinerator 4A and through which the reformate X1 flows, or may be a belt conveyor that moves the reformate X1 discharged from the composition identification device 10 to the incinerator 4A.

[0066] In some embodiments, the supply inlet for the reformate X1 is located above the drying region 112, and the incinerator 4A is configured to dry the reformate X1 together with the waste Ws before combusting it. In some embodiments, the supply device 18 supplies the large particle size component X11 separated from the reformate X1 by the separation device 12 of the composition identification device 10 to the incinerator 4A. In some embodiments, the supply device 18 supplies the small particle size component X12 separated from the reformate X1 by the separation device 12 of the composition identification device 10 to the incinerator 4A.

[0067] A specific configuration of the supply device 18 according to the third embodiment will be described. FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of the supply device 18 according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, the supply device 18 includes a reformed material storage section 20 and an adjusting device 22. The reformed material storage section 20 is configured to be able to store the reformed material X1 and is, for example, a tank. The adjusting device 22 is configured to adjust the amount of the reformed material X1 supplied from the reformed material storage section 20 to the incinerator 4A. In some embodiments, the reformed material storage section 20 is partitioned within the garbage pit 2A and includes a space capable of storing the reformed material X1.

[0068] 10, the supply device 18 includes an upstream line 23 that connects the composition identification device 10 and the reformate storage section 20, and a downstream line 24 that connects the reformate storage section 20 and the incinerator 4A. The reformate X1 flows through the upstream line 23, the reformate storage section 20, and the downstream line 24 in this order, and is supplied to the incinerator 4A.

[0069] The reformate storage unit 20 receives and stores the reformate X1 discharged from the composition identification device 10 via an upstream line 23. The adjustment device 22 includes a control valve 26 provided in a downstream line 24 and a control device 28 electrically connected to the control valve 26 and adjusting the aperture of the control valve 26. The control device 28 is, for example, a computer including a processor such as a CPU or GPU (not shown), memories such as ROM and RAM, and an I / O interface. The control device 28 realizes several functions by the processor operating (e.g., performing calculations) according to instructions of a program loaded into the memory. The control device 28 is configured to acquire the operating status of the incinerator 4A, such as the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas Eg, and adjusts the aperture of the control valve 26 depending on the NOx concentration. In some embodiments, the control device 28 is a cloud server provided in a cloud environment.

[0070] An example of the operation of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 and the supply device 18 in the incineration facility 1 according to the third embodiment will be described. When the amount of waste Ws stored in the garbage pit 2A exceeds a predetermined threshold, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 receives the remaining waste Ws stored in the garbage pit 2A via a crane 104 and hydrolyzes it with steam to produce a reformed product X1. The supply device 18 then stores the reformed product X1 produced by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 in a reformed product storage section 20. Note that if the supply device 18 includes a detouring device 30 (described later), the detouring-side reformed product storage section 32 (detouring-side tank) may store the reformed product X1 produced by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 instead of or together with the reformed product storage section 20.

[0071] Although not shown, the incineration facility 1 is equipped with a monitoring device that monitors whether the amount of waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A exceeds a threshold. The monitoring device monitors, for example, whether the waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A exceeds a predetermined height. The hydrothermal treatment device 6 is electrically connected to the monitoring device, and automatically starts accepting the waste Ws (switching the on-off valve of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 to open) when the amount of waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A exceeds a predetermined height (threshold). In some embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 starts accepting the waste Ws in response to an instruction from an operator.

[0072] (Actions and Effects of the Third Embodiment) According to the third embodiment, the supply device 18 supplies the reformate X1 to the incinerator 4A, so that the incinerator 4A can incinerate the reformate X1 as fuel. Furthermore, according to the third embodiment, the adjustment device 22 adjusts the amount of the reformate X1 supplied to the incinerator 4A in accordance with the operating state of the incinerator 4A, so that the operating state of the incinerator 4A can be stabilized.

[0073] Due to a disaster such as a typhoon, the incineration facility 1 may receive waste Ws that is too much for incineration in the incinerator 4A. According to the third embodiment, when the amount of waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A exceeds a threshold, the waste Ws is treated not only in the incinerator 4A but also in the hydrothermal treatment device 6. Therefore, the incineration facility 1 can accept excess waste Ws.

[0074] A modified example of the third embodiment will be described. Fig. 11 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a supply device 18 according to a modified example of the third embodiment. As shown in Fig. 11, the supply device 18 further includes a bypass device 30 that bypasses the reformate storage section 20 and supplies the reformate X1 to the incinerator 4A. In the modified example of the third embodiment, the same components as those in the third embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0075] The bypass device 30 includes a bypass-side reformate storage section 32 capable of storing the reformate X1, a bypass-side adjusting device 34 capable of adjusting the amount of reformate X1 supplied from the bypass-side reformate storage section 32 to the incinerator 4A, and a switching device 36 that switches the storage of the reformate X1 between the reformate storage section 20 and the bypass-side reformate storage section 32 depending on the moisture content of the reformate X1. The bypass-side reformate storage section 32 may have any configuration capable of storing the reformate X1, such as a tank. In some embodiments, the bypass-side reformate storage section 32 is defined within the waste pit 2A and includes a space capable of storing the reformate X1. When the reformate storage section 20 and the bypass-side reformate storage section 32 are each defined within the waste pit 2A, the switching device 36 may be a crane 104.

[0076] 11, the bypass device 30 includes an upstream branch line 38 that branches off from the upstream line 23 and is connected to the bypass-side reformate storage section 32, and a downstream branch line 40 that connects the bypass-side reformate storage section 32 and the incinerator 4A. The reformate X1 flows through the upstream branch line 38, the bypass-side reformate storage section 32, and the downstream branch line 40 in this order, and is supplied to the incinerator 4A. In some embodiments, the downstream branch line 40 connects the bypass-side reformate storage section 32 and the downstream line 24. In other words, the incinerator 4A is configured so that the supply port for the reformate X1 stored in the bypass-side reformate storage section 32 and the supply port for the reformate X1 stored in the reformate storage section 20 are common to each other.

[0077] The switching device 36 is provided at a branching point where the upstream branch line 38 branches off from the upstream line 23. The switching device 36 is configured to be able to acquire the amount of moisture contained in the reformed material X1. For example, the switching device 36 acquires the amount of moisture contained in the reformed material X1 from a moisture meter provided on the composition identification device 10 side (upstream side) of the upstream line 23 from the switching device 36. Then, when the acquired moisture content of the reformed material X1 is greater than a predetermined amount, the switching device 36 switches the storage of the reformed material X1 to the reformed material storage section 20, and when the acquired moisture content of the reformed material X1 is less than the predetermined amount, the switching device 36 switches the storage of the reformed material X1 to the bypass reformed material storage section 32.

[0078] The bypass-side reformate storage section 32 receives and stores the low-water-content reformate X1 discharged from the composition identification device 10 via the upstream branch line 38. The bypass-side adjustment device 34 includes a bypass-side control valve 42 provided in the downstream branch line 40, and a bypass-side control device 44 electrically connected to the bypass-side control valve 42 and adjusting the opening degree of the bypass-side control valve 42. In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 11, the above-mentioned control device 28 is configured to function as the bypass-side control device 44. In some embodiments, the control device 28 and the bypass-side control device 44 are separate entities.

[0079] For example, when excess waste Ws is supplied to the incinerator 4A, the control device 28 opens the control valve 26 and closes the bypass-side control valve 42 to suppress combustion of the waste Ws, and supplies the reformed product X1 with a high moisture content stored in the bypass-side reformed product storage section 20 to the incinerator 4A. On the other hand, when waste Ws with a high moisture content is supplied to the incinerator 4A, the control device 28 closes the control valve 26 and opens the bypass-side control valve 42 to supply the reformed product X1 with a low moisture content stored in the bypass-side reformed product storage section 32 to the incinerator 4A, in order to promote combustion of the waste Ws.

[0080] According to the modified example of the third embodiment, the reformed product X1 having a different water content can be supplied to the incinerator 4A depending on the operating state of the incinerator 4A, which makes it possible to further stabilize the operating state of the incinerator 4A.

[0081] <Fourth embodiment> An incineration facility 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. The fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that two incinerators 4A are provided, but other configurations are the same as those described in the third embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the same components as those in the third embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0082] (Configuration of incineration facility) Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an incineration facility 1 according to a fourth embodiment. As shown in Fig. 12, the incineration facility 1 includes a first incinerator 4A1 (4A) and a second incinerator 4A2 (4A). Each of the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 incinerates a portion of the waste Ws stored in a common waste pit 2A. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 12, each of the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 is configured to be supplied with the reformate X1 stored in a common reformate storage section 20.

[0083] An example of the operation of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 and the supply device 18 in the incineration facility 1 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. When operation of either the first incinerator 4A1 or the second incinerator 4A2 stops, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 uses steam to hydrolyze the remaining portion of the waste Ws stored in the garbage pit 2A to produce a reformed product X1. The supply device 18 then stores the reformed product X1 produced by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 in the reformed product storage section 20. Furthermore, after storing the reformed product X1, when both the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 have returned to operation, the supply device 18 supplies the reformed product X1 stored in the reformed product storage section 20 to at least one of the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2. In addition, when the supply device 18 includes a bypass device 30, the bypass side reformate storage section 32 may store the reformate X1 produced by the hydrothermal treatment device 6 instead of the reformate storage section 20, or together with the reformate storage section 20.

[0084] Although not shown, the incineration facility 1 is equipped with an operation monitoring device that monitors whether the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 are operating. The hydrothermal treatment device 6 is electrically connected to the operation monitoring device, and when the operation of either the first incinerator 4A1 or the second incinerator 4A2 stops, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 automatically starts receiving the waste Ws (by switching the on-off valve of the hydrothermal treatment device 6 to open). In some embodiments, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 starts receiving the waste Ws in response to an instruction from an operator. The supply device 18 is electrically connected to the operation monitoring device, and when both the first incinerator 4A1 and the second incinerator 4A2 return to an operating state, the supply device 18 automatically starts supplying the reformate X1 (by switching the control valve 26 to open). In some embodiments, the supply device 18 starts supplying the reformate X1 in response to an instruction from an operator.

[0085] (Actions and Effects of the Fourth Embodiment) The incineration facility 1 is often configured to operate two incinerators, including a first incinerator 4A1 and a second incinerator 4A2. In this case, if one of the first incinerator 4A1 or the second incinerator 4A2 is shut down for scheduled maintenance or other reasons, the amount of waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A increases. For this reason, it was previously necessary to adjust the timing for switching to single-incinerator operation.

[0086] According to the fourth embodiment, when single-furnace operation is performed, the hydrothermal treatment device 6 hydrolyzes the remaining portion of the waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A with steam to produce a modified product X1, and the supply device 18 stores the modified product X1 in the modified product storage section 20. In other words, during single-furnace operation, volume reduction is achieved by producing the modified product X1 from the waste Ws, thereby preventing an increase in the amount of waste Ws stored in the waste pit 2A. This allows single-furnace operation to be performed at any time. Furthermore, since the modified product X1 is sterilized, unlike the waste Ws, it does not decay or is very resistant to decay. Therefore, when single-furnace operation is performed, the modified product X1 is produced and stored in the modified product storage section 20, thereby preventing the generation of odors.

[0087] The incineration facility 1 may be configured to generate steam using the thermal energy of the exhaust gas Eg. In this case, the efficiency of steam generation by the incineration facility 1 is often higher when two furnaces are operated than when one furnace is operated. According to the fourth embodiment, during low-efficiency single-furnace operation, the reformate X1 is stored in the reformate storage section 20, and during high-efficiency dual-furnace operation, the reformate X1 stored in the reformate storage section 20 is supplied to the incinerator 4A. This allows the efficiency of steam generation by the incineration facility 1 to be increased.

[0088] In the above-described embodiment, the treatment facility 4 is an incinerator 4A, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The treatment facility 4 can be applied to various waste treatment facilities such as carbonization furnaces, fuel production facilities, methane fermentation, and composting fermentation, and can optimize operation by understanding the properties of raw materials in advance, or can stockpile the treated material and supply it as needed to stabilize operation.

[0089] For example, if the treatment facility 4 is a sludge-to-fuel facility, steam is released until the treated material reaches an appropriate moisture content before being discharged from the hydrothermal treatment device 6. However, if the moisture content of the input raw material is unknown, the amount of steam released cannot be adjusted. Currently, the moisture content of the raw material is measured manually using the evaporation-to-dryness method, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the raw material is often not homogeneous, making it difficult to obtain representative data. A high amount of steam release reduces the moisture content and increases the viscosity of the treated material, leading to blockages. A low amount of steam release increases the moisture content, placing a heavy load on the subsequent dehydration and drying process. By applying this technology, the moisture content can be determined during the hydrothermal treatment after the raw material is input, allowing the amount of steam released to be optimized and the material to be discharged with the appropriate viscosity.

[0090] The contents described in each of the above embodiments can be understood, for example, as follows.

[0091] [1] The waste treatment facility (1) according to the present disclosure is: a storage section (2) for storing waste (Ws); at least one treatment facility (4) for intermediately treating a portion of the waste stored in the storage section; a hydrothermal treatment device (6) that hydrolyzes the remainder of the waste stored in the storage section with steam to produce a reformed product (X1); and a treatment condition setting device (8) that acquires process data of the hydrothermal treatment device, estimates an index for setting treatment conditions for intermediately treating the waste in the at least one treatment facility based on the process data, and sets the treatment conditions based on the index.

[0092] The treatment conditions are set based on the properties of the waste. According to the inventors' findings, the properties of the waste can be estimated from process data of a hydrothermal treatment device that hydrolyzes the waste with steam. According to the configuration described in [1] above, the waste treatment facility of the present disclosure includes a hydrothermal treatment device that hydrolyzes a portion of the waste stored in a storage unit with steam to produce a modified product, and a treatment condition setting device that sets treatment conditions for intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment based on the process data of the hydrothermal treatment device. Therefore, before intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment, the properties of the waste can be estimated and the treatment conditions for intermediate treatment of the waste in the treatment equipment can be set in advance, so that the treatment equipment can be operated under appropriate treatment conditions and the operating state of the treatment equipment can be stabilized.

[0093] [2] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in [1] above, the indicator includes a moisture content of the waste; The process data includes an amount (P1) of the waste material input into the hydrothermal treatment device, and an amount (P2) of steam supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device to generate the reformate from the waste material input into the hydrothermal treatment device; a waste amount acquisition device (150) for acquiring the amount of the waste; a steam amount acquisition device (152) that acquires the amount of steam, The processing condition setting device estimates the moisture content of the waste based on a heat balance equation including the amount of the waste and the amount of the steam.

[0094] The treatment conditions are often set based on the moisture content of the waste, which is one of the waste's properties. According to the configuration described in [2] above, the moisture content of the waste can be estimated before the waste is subjected to intermediate treatment in the treatment facility, and the treatment conditions can be set in advance based on this moisture content of the waste.

[0095] [3] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in [1] or [2] above, Further provided is a composition identification device (10) for identifying the composition of the modified product, the indicator includes at least one of a moisture content of the waste and a lower heating value of the waste, the process data includes a composition of the modified product identified by the composition identifying device; The processing condition setting device estimates at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste based on the composition of the modified product.

[0096] The treatment conditions may be set based on at least one of the waste's properties, namely, the moisture content and the lower heating value of the waste. According to the inventors' findings, the moisture content and the lower heating value of the waste can each be estimated based on the composition of the modified product. According to the configuration described in [3] above, before the waste is subjected to intermediate treatment in the treatment facility, at least one of the moisture content and the lower heating value of the waste can be estimated based on the composition of the modified product, and the treatment conditions can be set in advance based on the estimated value.

[0097] [4] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in [3] above, The composition identifying device is The apparatus includes a separator (12) for separating the modified product into a large particle size component (X11) and a small particle size component (X12) having a particle size smaller than that of the large particle size component.

[0098] The composition of the waste can be inferred from the weight of the large particle size components of the modified product and the weight of the small particle size components of the modified product. According to the configuration described in [4] above, before the waste is subjected to intermediate treatment in the treatment facility, the composition of the waste can be inferred from the weight of the large particle size components and the weight of the small particle size components separated by the separation device, and at least one of the moisture content and the lower heating value of the waste can be estimated based on this waste composition, and the treatment conditions can be set in advance based on the estimated value.

[0099] [5] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in [4] above, The composition identifying device is an imaging device (16) capable of imaging at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components and acquiring image information corresponding to a plurality of wavelengths; classifying at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components into a plurality of compositions based on the image information of the imaging device; The processing condition setting device estimates at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste based on a plurality of compositions of at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components.

[0100] According to the configuration described in [5] above, the compositions of the large particle size components and the small particle size components can be classified with even greater precision, and the accuracy of the estimation of the moisture content and lower heating value of the waste by the processing condition setting device can be improved.

[0101] [6] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in [5] above, The composition identifying device is The apparatus includes a removal device (17) that removes components corresponding to a predetermined wavelength from at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components based on the image information.

[0102] According to the configuration described in [6] above, it is possible to suppress the impact on waste treatment facilities (for example, the promotion of boiler corrosion due to vinyl chloride) caused by components corresponding to a predetermined wavelength being contained in the large particle size components or the small particle size components. In addition, it is possible to reuse the components removed from the large particle size components or the small particle size components.

[0103] [7] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in any one of [3] to [6] above, the processing condition setting device sets the processing conditions based on at least one of the moisture content of the waste and the lower heating value of the waste, and the processing conditions include the components and amounts of additives to be added to the waste generated by intermediate processing of the waste.

[0104] Some of the equipment constituting the waste treatment facility may be damaged by the generated material. For example, if the generated material is a reactive gas, the reactive gas may contain components that damage the distribution equipment (e.g., the flue of a boiler) through which the reactive gas flows. According to the configuration described in [7] above, the treatment conditions include the components and amounts of the additives to be added to the generated material, so that damage to the equipment constituting the waste treatment facility can be suppressed.

[0105] [8] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in [1] or [2] above, Further provided is a composition identification device for identifying the composition of the modified product, The indicator includes the composition of the modified product.

[0106] According to the configuration described in [8] above, the processing conditions can be set based on the composition of the modified material.

[0107] [9] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in any one of [1] to [8] above, The system further includes a supply device (18) that supplies the reformate from the hydrothermal treatment device to the at least one treatment facility.

[0108] According to the configuration described in [8] above, the modified product can be subjected to intermediate treatment.

[0109]

[10] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in [9] above, The supply device comprises: a reformate storage section (20) capable of storing the reformate; and an adjusting device (22) capable of adjusting the amount of the reformate supplied from the reformate reservoir to the at least one treatment facility.

[0110] According to the configuration described in

[10] above, the amount of the reformate supplied to the treatment facility can be adjusted depending on the operating state of the treatment facility, so that the operating state of the treatment facility can be stabilized.

[0111]

[11] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in

[10] above, The supply device comprises: a bypass device (30) that bypasses the reformate storage section and supplies the reformate to the treatment facility; The detouring device is a bypass-side reformate storage section (32) capable of storing the reformate; a bypass-side adjusting device (34) capable of adjusting the amount of the reformate supplied from the bypass-side reformate storage section to the treatment facility; and a switching device (36) that switches the storage of the reformed material to either the reformed material storage section or the bypass reformed material storage section depending on the moisture content of the reformed material.

[0112] According to the configuration described in

[11] above, modified materials with different water contents can be supplied to the treatment facility depending on the operating state of the treatment facility, which makes it possible to further stabilize the operating state of the treatment facility.

[0113]

[12] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in

[10] or

[11] above, The hydrothermal treatment device comprises: When the amount of the waste stored in the storage unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage unit is hydrolyzed with the steam to generate the reformed product; The supply device comprises: When the amount of the waste stored in the storage section exceeds a predetermined threshold, the modified material is stored in the modified material storage section.

[0114] Excess waste may be transported to the treatment facility. For example, if the treatment facility is an incinerator at an incineration facility, a disaster such as a typhoon may cause an excess amount of waste to be transported to the incinerator, which is too much for the incinerator to incinerate. According to the configuration described in

[12] above, when the amount of waste stored in the storage unit exceeds a threshold, the hydrothermal treatment device hydrolyzes the remaining portion of the waste to produce a modified product, and the supply device stores the modified product in the modified product storage unit. In other words, the waste is treated not only by the treatment facility but also by the hydrothermal treatment device. Therefore, the incineration facility can accept excess waste.

[0115]

[13] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in any one of [1] to

[12] above, The at least one treatment facility includes at least one incinerator (4A) for incinerating a portion of the waste stored in the storage section.

[0116] According to the configuration described in

[13] above, the configurations [1] to

[10] above can be applied to an incinerator. In other words, before the waste is subjected to intermediate treatment (incineration) in the incinerator, the properties of the waste can be estimated and the processing conditions (incineration conditions) for incinerating the waste in the incinerator can be set in advance, so that the incinerator can be operated under appropriate incineration conditions and the operating state of the incinerator can be stabilized.

[0117]

[14] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in

[13] above, The processing conditions include at least one of an amount of the waste to be supplied to the at least one incinerator and an amount of combustion air to be supplied to the at least one incinerator.

[0118] According to the configuration described in

[14] above, before incinerating waste in the incinerator, at least one of the amount of waste and the amount of combustion air to be supplied to the incinerator is set in advance, and the incinerator is operated with an appropriate amount of waste and an appropriate amount of combustion air, thereby stabilizing the operating condition of the incinerator.

[0119]

[15] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in

[13] or

[14] above, A supply device that supplies the reformate from the hydrothermal treatment device to the at least one incinerator, the supply device including a reformate storage section that can store the reformate, and an adjustment device that can adjust the amount of the reformate supplied from the reformate storage section to the at least one incinerator, The at least one incinerator includes a first incinerator (4A1) and a second incinerator (4A2); The hydrothermal treatment device comprises: When the operation of either the first incinerator or the second incinerator stops, the remaining part of the waste stored in the storage section is hydrolyzed with the steam to generate the reformed product, The supply device comprises: When the operation of either the first incinerator or the second incinerator is stopped, the reformate is stored in the reformate storage section.

[0120] When the treatment facility is an incinerator, it is often configured with a first incinerator and a second incinerator, allowing for dual-incinerator operation. In this case, when either the first or second incinerator is shut down for scheduled maintenance or other reasons, the amount of waste stored in the storage section increases. For this reason, it was previously necessary to adjust the timing of single-incinerator operation. According to the configuration described in

[15] above, when single-incinerator operation is performed, the hydrothermal treatment device hydrolyzes the remaining waste stored in the storage section with steam to produce a reformed product, and the supply device stores the reformed product in the storage tank. In other words, when single-incinerator operation is performed, the increase in the amount of waste stored in the storage section can be suppressed. Therefore, single-incinerator operation can be performed at any time.

[0121]

[16] In some embodiments, in the configuration described in

[15] above, The supply device comprises: When both the first incinerator and the second incinerator are back in operation, the reformate stored in the reformate storage section is configured to be supplied to at least one of the first incinerator and the second incinerator.

[0122] When a waste treatment facility is equipped with an incinerator, it may be configured to generate steam using the thermal energy of exhaust gas generated by the incineration of waste and reformate. In this case, the steam generation efficiency of the waste treatment facility is often higher when operating two incinerators than when operating one incinerator. According to the configuration described in

[15] above, during low-efficiency single-incinerator operation, the reformate is stored in the reformate storage section, and during high-efficiency dual-incinerator operation, the reformate stored in the reformate storage section is supplied to at least one of the first incinerator and the second incinerator. This increases the steam generation efficiency of the waste treatment facility.

[0123]

[17] In some embodiments, in the configuration according to any one of [1] to

[12] above, The at least one treatment facility is a carbonization furnace that carbonizes a portion of the waste stored in the storage area, a fuel production facility that converts a portion of the waste stored in the storage area into fuel, a methane fermentation facility that methane fermentes a portion of the waste stored in the storage area, or a composting and fermentation facility that composts and fermentes a portion of the waste stored in the storage area.

[0124] According to the configuration described in

[17] above, the configurations [1] to

[10] above can be applied to each of the carbonization furnace, fuel production facility, methane fermentation facility, and composting and fermentation facility. In other words, before intermediate treatment of the waste in each of these treatment facilities (carbonization, fuel production, methane fermentation, or composting and fermentation), the properties of the waste can be estimated and the treatment conditions for intermediate treatment of the waste in each of these treatment facilities can be set in advance, so that each of these treatment facilities can be operated under appropriate treatment conditions and the operating state of each of these treatment facilities can be stabilized. [Explanation of symbols]

[0125] 1. Waste treatment facilities 2. Storage section 4. Processing facilities 4A Incinerator 4A1 No. 1 Incinerator 4A2 No. 2 Incinerator 6. Hydrothermal Treatment Equipment 8 Processing condition setting device 10 Composition identification device 12 Separation device 16 Imaging device 17 Removal device 18 Feeding device 20 Reformed material storage section 22 Adjustment device 30 Diversion device 32 Bypass side reformate storage section 34 Detour side adjustment device 36 Switching device P1 Waste input amount P2 Steam supply amount P3 Heat-up time T Heating temperature Ws waste X1 modified product X11 Large particle size component X12 Small particle size component

Claims

1. a storage unit for storing waste; At least one treatment facility for intermediately treating a portion of the waste stored in the storage unit; a hydrothermal treatment device that hydrolyzes the remainder of the waste stored in the storage section with steam to produce a modified product; a treatment condition setting device that acquires process data of the hydrothermal treatment device, estimates an index for setting treatment conditions for intermediately treating the waste in the at least one treatment facility based on the process data, and sets the treatment conditions based on the index; a composition identification device that identifies the composition of the modified product; Equipped with the indicator includes at least one of a moisture content of the waste and a lower heating value of the waste, the process data includes a composition of the modified product identified by the composition identifying device; the processing condition setting device estimates at least one of a moisture content of the waste and a lower heating value of the waste based on a composition of the modified product. Waste treatment facility.

2. the indicator includes a moisture content of the waste; the process data includes an amount of the waste input into the hydrothermal treatment device and an amount of steam supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device to generate the reformate from the waste input into the hydrothermal treatment device; a waste amount acquisition device for acquiring the amount of waste; a steam amount acquisition device for acquiring the amount of steam, the processing condition setting device estimates the moisture content of the waste based on a heat balance equation including the amount of the waste and the amount of the steam; The waste treatment facility according to claim 1.

3. The composition identifying device is a separation device that separates the modified product into a large particle size component and a small particle size component having a particle size smaller than that of the large particle size component, 3. A waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The composition identifying device is an imaging device capable of imaging at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components and acquiring image information corresponding to a plurality of wavelengths; classifying at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components into a plurality of compositions based on the image information of the imaging device; the processing condition setting device estimates at least one of a moisture content of the waste and a lower heating value of the waste based on a plurality of compositions of at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components; The waste treatment facility according to claim 3.

5. The composition identifying device is a removal device that removes components corresponding to a predetermined wavelength from at least one of the large particle size components and the small particle size components based on the image information, The waste treatment facility according to claim 4.

6. the processing condition setting device sets the processing conditions based on at least one of a moisture content of the waste and a lower heating value of the waste; The treatment conditions include the components and amounts of additives to be added to the waste generated by intermediate treatment; 3. A waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2.

7. Further provided is a supply device that supplies the reformate from the hydrothermal treatment device to the at least one treatment facility.

3. A waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2.

8. The supply device comprises: a reformate storage unit capable of storing the reformate; and an adjusting device capable of adjusting the amount of the reformate supplied from the reformate reservoir to the at least one treatment facility. The waste treatment facility according to claim 7.

9. The supply device comprises: The system further includes a bypass device that bypasses the reformate storage section and supplies the reformate to the treatment facility, The detouring device is a bypass-side reformate storage section capable of storing the reformate; a bypass-side adjusting device capable of adjusting the amount of the reformate supplied from the bypass-side reformate storage section to the treatment facility; a switching device that switches storage of the modified material to either the modified material storage section or the bypass-side modified material storage section depending on the water content of the modified material, The waste treatment facility according to claim 8.

10. The hydrothermal treatment device comprises: When the amount of the waste stored in the storage unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, the remaining portion of the waste stored in the storage unit is hydrolyzed with the steam to generate the reformed product; The supply device comprises: When the amount of the waste stored in the storage section exceeds a predetermined threshold, the modified material is stored in the modified material storage section. The waste treatment facility according to claim 8.

11. The at least one treatment facility includes at least one incinerator that incinerates a portion of the waste stored in the storage section.

3. A waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2.

12. The treatment conditions include at least one of an amount of the waste supplied to the at least one incinerator and an amount of combustion air supplied to the at least one incinerator; The waste treatment facility according to claim 11.

13. A supply device that supplies the reformate from the hydrothermal treatment device to the at least one incinerator, the supply device including a reformate storage section that can store the reformate, and an adjustment device that can adjust the amount of the reformate supplied from the reformate storage section to the at least one incinerator, the at least one incinerator includes a first incinerator and a second incinerator; The hydrothermal treatment device comprises: When the operation of either the first incinerator or the second incinerator stops, the remaining part of the waste stored in the storage section is hydrolyzed with the steam to produce the reformed product, The supply device comprises: When the operation of either the first incinerator or the second incinerator is stopped, the reformate is stored in the reformate storage section. The waste treatment facility according to claim 11.

14. The supply device comprises: When both the first incinerator and the second incinerator are returned to an operating state, the reformate stored in the reformate storage unit is supplied to at least one of the first incinerator and the second incinerator. The waste treatment facility according to claim 13.

15. The at least one treatment facility is a carbonization furnace that carbonizes a portion of the waste stored in the storage unit, a fuel production facility that converts a portion of the waste stored in the storage unit into fuel, a methane fermentation facility that methane fermentes a portion of the waste stored in the storage unit, or a composting and fermentation facility that composts and fermentes a portion of the waste stored in the storage unit.

3. A waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2.

Images