Battery Energy Storage System Uninterruptible Power Supply

Abstract

An integrated power supply unit (IEPU) coupled to a magnetically coupled choke acts as both a line reactor to provide an uninterruptable regulated and conditioned source of power and as an emergency backup source of power. The IEPU includes a battery energy storage plant (BESS) and a power conversion and conditioning module (PCSM) to i) convert AC power into DC power entering the BESS, convert the DC power into AC power provided by the module, and ii) perform conditioning of the AC power provided by the PCSM so that it becomes an uninterruptable supply of regulated and conditioned AC power and stays within a set voltage level and frequency range. The IEPU is coupled to a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor and compensates for imperfections occurring in the power coming from the main AC source so that it does not reach and affect the electrical loads.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Related Applications This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to both U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 136597, filed January 12, 2021, entitled "BATTERY BACKUP POWER PACK," and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 136600, filed January 12, 2021, entitled "BESSUPS (BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEM)," the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present design relate to Electric Power Distribution. [Background technology]

[0003] Flywheel UPSs can now be used to provide fully conditioned and continuous power to critical equipment needs.

[0004] Diesel generators can be used to provide standby / emergency power. Summary of the Invention

[0005] A method, system, and apparatus for a Battery Energy Storage System Uninterruptible Power System (BESSUPS) is disclosed. In one embodiment, an integrated electrical power unit can include a battery storage plant and a power conversion and conditioning module. The power conversion and conditioning module includes i) electrical components that perform power conversion from AC power supplied from the main AC power source to DC power entering the battery storage plant, and ii) electrical components that perform power conversion from DC power coming from the battery storage plant to AC power supplied from the power conversion and conditioning module, and iii) electrical components that perform power conditioning so that the AC power supplied from the power conversion and conditioning module is an uninterruptible supply of regulated and conditioned AC power that stays within a set voltage level and frequency range, thereby eliminating voltage amplitude and / or frequency fluctuations outside the set regulated and conditioned AC voltage level and frequency range, even when the AC power supplied from the main AC power source into the power supply unit has voltage level and / or frequency fluctuations outside the set regulated and conditioned AC voltage level and frequency range.

[0006] The power conversion and conditioning module can provide an uninterruptible supply of regulated and regulated AC power to electrical equipment loads downstream of the integrated power supply unit, staying within set voltage levels and frequency ranges.

[0007] The integrated power supply unit is electrically coupled to the magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor, which can compensate for and eliminate at least one or more of the following problems: i) surges, ii) transients, and iii) harmonics in the AC voltage level, frequency, and phase of the AC voltage caused by AC power coming from the main AC power source, so that they do not reach and affect the electrical equipment load.

[0008] The integrated power unit's battery storage plant can have an ampere-hour (Ahr) capacity to provide a continuous emergency backup source of AC power to supply electrical equipment loads connected downstream of the integrated power unit for more than one hour.

[0009] The integrated power supply unit is electrically located between the main AC power source and the input circuit breaker of the facility's distribution panel that houses the electrical equipment loads.

[0010] An integrated power supply unit coupled to a magnetically coupled choke can act as both a line reactor to provide an uninterruptible regulated and conditioned source of AC power, as well as an emergency standby power supply.

[0011] These and many more embodiments are discussed below. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] The drawings refer to embodiments of the present invention.

[0013] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A is a single-line diagram of one embodiment of a BESSUPS system presenting an exemplary set of components that make up a BESSUPS system having one or more integrated power supply units.

[0014] [Figure 1B]FIG. 1B is an expanded single-line diagram of one embodiment of a BESSUPS system showing an exemplary set of components that make up a BESSUPS system having one or more integrated power supply units.

[0015] [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment of an integrated power supply unit configured to include a battery storage plant and a power conversion and conditioning module configured to be electrically coupled to a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor.

[0016] [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment of an integrated power supply unit electrically connected in parallel with a magnetic coupling choke.

[0017] [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment providing an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in uninterruptible power supply mode.

[0018] [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in a simultaneous UPS / PJM operating mode that: i) operates as a UPS for the electrical loads in the facility; and ii) also provides utility grid support.

[0019] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in a standby power mode to provide standby / emergency power.

[0020] [Figure 7]FIG. 7 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in a PJM interconnection-compatible mode only.

[0021] [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power unit places the integrated power unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in an ESS mode to charge batteries in the battery storage plant.

[0022] [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in bypass mode.

[0023] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary 4 to 3 N+1 redundant power distribution scheme with multiple instances of a BESSUPS system and its integrated power supply units.

[0024] [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary 3 to 2 N+1 redundant power distribution scheme with multiple instances of a BESSUPS system and its integrated power supply units.

[0025] While the invention is subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth, such as examples of specific data signals, named components, connections, and emergency power supply amounts, to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known components or methods are shown in block diagram form rather than described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. Reference to more specific numbers, such as a first housing, may also be made. However, reference to specific numbers should not be construed as a literal order, and the first housing should be construed as being different from the second housing. Thus, the specific details described are merely exemplary. It is contemplated that the specific details may be varied and still fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1A is a single-line diagram of an embodiment of a BESSUPS system presenting an exemplary set of components that make up a BESSUPS system with one or more integrated power supply units. Figure 1B is an expanded single-line diagram of an embodiment of a BESSUPS system presenting an exemplary set of components that make up a BESSUPS system with one or more integrated power supply units.

[0028] The integrated power unit of the BESSUPS system 100 combines modified components of an A) battery energy (chemical energy) storage system (BESS) and B) uninterruptible power supply (UPS) into a single device / single piece of electrical gear configured to cooperate with C) a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor, providing 1) an emergency backup power source such as a flywheel standby power supply, fossil fuel generator, etc., and 2) fully regulated continuous / uninterruptible power like a traditional static UPS system to critical electrical equipment loads within a facility. The BESSUPS system 100 stabilizes and provides emergency backup power for the micro-power grid, thereby eliminating the need for, for example, diesel generators for the micro-power grid as well as a UPS for each distribution panel.

[0029] The BESSUPS system 100 may consist of a set of one or more integrated power supply units, their controllers, and associated circuit breakers and magnetically coupled chokes for each integrated power supply unit.

[0030] The integrated power supply unit of the BESSUPS system 100 has multiple modes of operation, allowing the device to be used continuously within a power supply system to provide conditioned AC power to critical electrical loads in downstream facilities, and then, when needed, can also serve as an emergency backup power source when electricity from the utility power grid or other primary power source is unreliable or absent.

[0031] The integrated power supply unit may include a battery storage plant 110 and a power conversion and conditioning module. The power conversion and conditioning module may include i) electrical components (e.g., voltage inverters, voltage regulators, electrical filters, uninterruptible power supplies, etc.) for power conversion from AC power supplied from a main AC power source to DC power entering the battery storage plant 110, ii) electrical components for power conversion from the DC power coming from the battery storage plant 110 to AC power supplied from the power conversion and conditioning module, and iii) electrical components for power conditioning such that the AC power supplied from the power conversion and conditioning module is an uninterruptible supply of regulated and conditioned AC power that stays within set voltage levels and frequency ranges, thereby eliminating voltage amplitude and / or frequency fluctuations outside of set regulated and conditioned AC voltage levels and frequency ranges, even when AC power supplied into the power supply unit from a main AC power source (such as a utility power grid) has voltage level and / or frequency fluctuations outside of the set regulated and conditioned AC voltage level and frequency ranges. The power conversion and conditioning module is configured to provide an uninterruptible supply of regulated and regulated AC power to remain within a set voltage level and frequency range to electrical equipment loads downstream of the integrated power supply unit. Each power line feed coming from a power line of a utility grid can have an integrated power supply unit electrically coupled to that power line feed.

[0032] The integrated power supply unit is electrically coupled to the magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor and is configured to compensate for and remove at least one or more of the following problems: i) surges, ii) transients, and iii) harmonics to the AC voltage level, frequency, and phase of the AC voltage caused by the AC power coming from the main AC power source, so that they do not reach and affect the electrical equipment loads. Filters and regulators in the power conversion and conditioning module can remove all three of the following problems: i) surges, ii) transients, and iii) harmonics to the AC voltage level, frequency, and phase of the AC voltage caused by the AC power coming from the main AC power source, so that they do not reach and affect the electrical equipment loads. The integrated power supply unit coupled to the magnetically coupled choke is configured to act as both a line reactor to provide uninterruptible regulated and regulated AC power (discussed above) and as emergency backup power (when the main AC power source fails).

[0033] Each integrated power unit (denoted 'A' 4MW / 4MWh) (e.g., 4 megawatts-4 megawatt hours) can consist of one or more battery storage plants 110 (denoted Batteries), each containing a scalable amount of batteries, and one or more power conversion and conditioning modules (PSCMs) for converting voltage both into and out of the integrated power unit. In the example of FIGS. 1A and 1B, two 2 MW integrated power units are connected in parallel with magnetically coupled chokes (denoted Chokes). The power conversion and conditioning modules convert AC power entering the power conversion and conditioning modules to DC power for the battery storage plants 110 and DC power from the battery storage plants 110 to AC voltages output from the power conversion and conditioning modules. The power conversion and conditioning modules convert electrical energy via rectifiers and inverters, electrical filters, and regulators.

[0034] The integrated power supply unit's controller and associated circuit breakers (e.g., Q1 and Q5-Q7) cooperate to electrically isolate and connect the integrated power supply unit to its corresponding electrical power line feed from the utility grid power line. As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, by way of example, there are four power line feeds coming from the utility grid power line, each with an exemplary 400 amp input breaker (Q1 and Q5-Q7) in the main distribution panel that is tied to the controller of the corresponding integrated power supply unit (e.g., an integrated power supply unit designated 'A' 4MW / 4MWh). Each power line feed is connected to a separate step-down transformer and supplies AC power, e.g., at a voltage of 480 VAC, to switchgear (designated "switchgear"), which distributes the AC power to electrical loads within the microgrid's facility (rectangular outline), such as a data center, hospital, or manufacturing facility, providing redundant reserve power; in this example, a 4-to-3 redundant power distribution scheme. Each of the four separate switchgear units receives its own AC power from its corresponding integrated power supply unit (designated A-D) and the utility grid power line feed. Each switchgear unit distributes power to critical and / or non-critical electrical loads within the microgrid. Within the facility, each switchgear unit also electrically connects via power cable to its redundant AC power source from another switchgear unit in the redundant power distribution scheme.

[0035] The controller of the integrated power supply unit can then be programmed to the desired AC voltage level output. The battery storage plant 110 portion of the integrated power supply unit can have a capacity of, for example, (1500 VDC at 2700 amps) = 4 MW and has a controller that allows a user to programmably provide different AC voltage levels, such as 1,000 VAC, 12,000 VAC, and up to 35,000 VAC, supplied from the power conversion and regulation module. In another embodiment, the battery storage plant 110 portion of the integrated power supply unit can have a different voltage level, for example, 750 VDC, and the controller allows a user to programmably provide an AC voltage level output of 1,000 VAC or less, typically 480 VAC. Note that the controller works in conjunction with the rectifiers, filters, and voltage regulators in the power conversion and regulation module of the integrated power supply unit to set the AC voltage level coming from the power conversion and regulation module, even if that same AC voltage level is coming from the utility grid power line. Thus, the controller and power conversion and regulation module scale the output AC voltage level from the power conversion and regulation module to downstream switch cabinets and / or step-down transformers.

[0036] Each battery storage plant 110 with its spare battery power boxes can then also be made scalable in terms of both its energy storage capacity by simply stacking more battery cells electrically connected in series and parallel within that battery storage plant 110.

[0037] The integrated power supply unit with its battery storage plant 110 and its power conversion and conditioning module provides continuous conditioned AC power, thus eliminating the need for a typical uninterruptible power supply to provide continuous conditioned power to sensitive critical electrical loads, such as servers, routers, databases, etc., within an electrically downstream facility. These critical electrical loads are located downstream of the circuit breakers in the facility's electrical panel and require continuous conditioned power.

[0038] The integrated power supply unit is electrically located between the main AC power source (such as the power lines of a utility grid) and the input circuit breaker of the facility's distribution panel (downstream of the main distribution panel) that houses the electrical equipment loads.

[0039] The integrated power unit's battery storage plant 110 is configured to have a capacity in ampere-hours (Ahr) to provide continuous emergency backup AC power to supply all of the electrical equipment loads connected downstream of the integrated power unit for more than one hour. An exemplary power capacity of the integrated power unit may be, for example, 4 megawatt (MW)-hours. However, the integrated power unit can be configured by series-paralleling enough batteries with the battery storage plant 110 to have, for example, a 12 MW-hour capacity. Similarly, multiple integrated power units can be connected in series-parallel to provide, for example, a 12 MW-hour capacity. In this example, if each integrated power unit has a 4 MW-hour capacity (as shown), and four integrated power units provide backup power to the building, the total capacity would be 16 MW of power for one hour. However, a four-to-three redundant distribution scheme would have a nominal 12 MWh capacity. A BESSUPS system 100 with one or more integrated power supply units can be sized to accommodate power capacity for small data center demands or can be sized to accommodate power capacity for large microgrids.

[0040] The BESSUPS system 100 then uses a scalable amount of integrated power supply units, typically for each power feed line entering the micro-power grid from the utility power grid. One example of an integrated power supply unit is built to be scalable in capacity over its operating time by having one or more electrical connections to add additional power capacity by adding at least one of: 1) a new set of spare batteries and a new power conversion and regulation module electrically in parallel with the existing set of electrical components (reserve batteries and power conversion and regulation module) of the integrated power supply unit, with all new and existing electrical components connecting to magnetically coupled chokes already installed; and 2) an expansion connection to add multiple blocks of spare batteries to the existing reserve batteries in the battery storage plant 110 for that integrated power supply unit. Each integrated power supply unit can have a scalable amount of batteries electrically connected in series and parallel to be able to supply power to a micro-power grid for a data center, hospital, manufacturing facility, etc., where the voltage and frequency of the AC and DC power need to be maintained within very tight tolerances. The BESSUPS unit provides continuous condition electrical power to critical loads in downstream facilities via its universal power supply portion of the BESSUPS.

[0041] The controller of the integrated power supply unit has a remote electrical tap and a sensor for sensing characteristics of the AC power coming from the main AC power source. This sensing of AC power on the input feed line occurs sufficiently upstream from the magnetic coupling choke (e.g., a line-interactive inductor coupling coil) itself to ensure that there is no interruption of AC power when: 1) power from the utility grid is interrupted and then AC power coming from the integrated power supply unit via the line-interactive inductor coupling coil feeds the microgrid. The sensing of the power source can be performed by a sensor configured to sense voltage and frequency. Both voltage and frequency are measured within the sensor. Voltage is measured on all three phases. Frequency is also measured on all three phases. When any of these parameters are outside of acceptable limits, the controller acts to shunt power supply from the utility grid to the power converter module of the integrated power supply unit.

[0042] The integrated power supply unit converts fluctuating AC voltage levels, frequency ranges, etc. from the utility grid into providing continuous regulated power to critical loads within the facility / building without fear of potential momentary drops in voltage or loss of power. Again, the magnetic coupling choke (e.g., a line-interactive inductively coupled coil) and controller work together using a remote sensor to sense the characteristics of the incoming AC power from the utility grid power line sufficiently upstream from the magnetic coupling choke itself, such as 15 milliseconds or more, between the location of the sensed AC power and the location on the power supply line where the magnetic coupling choke electrically couples to the integrated power supply unit on the power line leading to a step-down transformer or distribution panel within the facility.

[0043] The integrated power units replace typical emergency backup power supplies, such as diesel generators and / or mechanical rotary power supplies. Each integrated power unit operates via 1) a chemical energy storage system in a battery, or 2) a liquid energy storage system (ESS), such as a diesel generator, or 3) a mechanical energy storage system, such as a flywheel. Note that the integrated power units, together with their battery storage plants 110, require much less maintenance than diesel generators or mechanical energy storage systems. Additionally, the integrated power units, together with their power conversion and conditioning modules, have fewer decibels of noise than diesel generator backup power supplies. The integrated power units, with their power conversion and conditioning modules and battery storage plants 110, also do not emit carbonaceous gases during operation.

[0044] FIG. 2 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment of an integrated power supply unit configured to include a battery storage plant and a power conversion and conditioning module configured to be electrically coupled to a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor.

[0045] The integrated power supply unit includes a battery storage plant 110 and a power conversion and regulation module configured to be electrically coupled to a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor. The magnetically coupled choke can be constructed to be a multi-winding, center-tapped magnetically coupled choke (e.g., an inductor / line reactor) configured to connect to the AC power output of the power conversion and regulation module.

[0046] The power conversion and regulation module may include a bi-directional inverter that can use utility power to charge the system's batteries.

[0047] The power conversion and conditioning module converts the AC voltage input to DC voltage within the battery storage plant 110, and then the power conditioning section converts the DC voltage back to a continuously regulated AC voltage via a transformer, whatever the assumed line voltage, to boost the output voltage and create an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to compensate for imperfections from the mains AC voltage. A step-up transformer boosts the inverter output voltage. Line-interactive UPS technology for providing a continuously regulated AC voltage ensures that there are no surges or sags in the line AC voltage level, frequency, phase, or other characteristics supplied from the power conversion and conditioning module to critical electrical equipment loads in downstream facilities.

[0048] The battery storage plant 110 uses a set of battery backup power boxes coupled to a power converter with an electrical inverter and a power conditioning module with an uninterruptible power supply, in combination with a line reactor / magnetic choke, to provide backup AC power both in the event of 1) a fault from line voltage, frequency, or other characteristics, such as unacceptable swings in voltage or frequency cycles from the AC power supply of the utility grid, and 2) a total power loss from the utility or other main power source. Each battery backup power box can be located in a temperature-controlled conditioned room and can have its own dedicated cooling system.

[0049] In one example, a magnetically coupled choke can house an outer rotor containing a two-pole, three-phase winding, which accelerates a freely rotating inner rotor when the utility grid is supplying power to the power lines. When the utility grid is unable to provide AC power within acceptable limits, the magnetically coupled choke extracts power from the inner rotor's kinetic energy by energizing the outer rotor's DC winding. The amount of energy available from the inner rotor is more than enough to bridge the time required for a power converter module, including a battery backup power supply and an inverter, to ramp up to normal AC voltage levels and power. Thus, when utility power fails or is outside of tolerance, the magnetically coupled choke (e.g., a line-interactive inductively coupled coil) is engaged, and the power conversion and regulation module, including the inverter, takes over supplying power to the power lines. The magnetically coupled choke can connect the battery backup power supply to the utility grid power supply in parallel, rather than in series.

[0050] The filters and voltage regulators in the uninterruptible power supply of the power conversion and conditioning module generally produce three-phase, three-wire AC power, adjustable AC voltage levels from 5 kV to 35 kV, ±1% voltage regulation (0 to 100% balanced load), ±3.0% voltage regulation range, THD(VOUT) less than 2% THD at 100% linear load and less than 5% THD at 100% non-linear load, a crest factor of 2.3, 97.0% maximum efficiency (AC voltage in to AC voltage out), and 96.5% maximum efficiency (DC voltage in to AC voltage out).

[0051] The integrated power supply unit is electrically coupled to a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor, and is configured to provide UPS components, including a voltage stabilizer, a harmonic filter from the source to the load or vice versa, a power factor corrector during normal operation, an emergency energy supply system, and a controller. Harmonic filtering can be achieved by an electrical filter consisting of a tapped magnetically coupled choke and a synchronous AC machine. This filter can: i) stabilize source voltage fluctuations of + / -10% to less than + / -1% at the load; ii) reduce total harmonic distortion from the source to the load or vice versa by approximately 95%; and iii) reduce peaks, dips, etc. from the source to the load. Note that a secondary winding can also significantly improve system response to voltage fluctuations. The arrangement of the magnetically coupled choke, tapped reactor, and idling AC synchronous machine acts as an excellent stabilizing filter. The reactor is selected so that the mutual coupling over the entire length of the reactor results in an impedance equal to four times the synchronous early transient response Xo" of the synchronous machine. The synchronous machine is connected at the tapping point 75% along the electrical length of the reactor. Accordingly, the reaction of the reactor from the tapping point to the load is equal to the early transient response.

[0052] Voltage stabilization

[0053] A synchronous AC machine can be considered as a voltage source with an internal impedance equal to the initial transient response. In the case of a full three-phase short circuit at the input side of the UPS system, the voltage at the reactor tapping point during the initial transient time period is 75% of the source voltage. However, the action of the autotransformer causes a voltage rise of 25% of the source voltage towards the load terminals. Correspondingly, the voltage at the load terminals remains constant at 100%.

[0054] The effects of very slow transients of the fundamental voltage on the load side are compensated by the excitation of a synchronous AC machine and an automatic voltage regulator.

[0055] In one embodiment, the power conversion and conditioning module may be implemented as two separate modules, with the power conversion module performing the power conversion from AC power to DC power entering the battery, and from the DC power to AC power entering the power conditioning module. The power conditioning module uses its UPS components, including voltage regulators and filters, to provide an uninterruptible supply of regulated and conditioned AC power from the power conditioning module, ensuring it remains within set voltage levels and frequency ranges.

[0056] FIG. 3 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment of an integrated power supply unit electrically connected in parallel with a magnetic coupling choke.

[0057] The integrated power supply unit is electrically connected downstream of the magnetically coupled choke. The integrated power supply unit can be connected to a load-side circuit breaker, which connects to critical electrical equipment loads within the data center. Note that the critical electrical equipment loads within the data center can have a maximum expected electrical load of, for example, 10 MW when all possible future electrical equipment loads are accommodated within the facility and connected to the integrated power supply unit. The integrated power supply unit connects upstream of the magnetic choke to a grid-side circuit breaker, which is supplied by a utility power line at a voltage of, for example, 34.5 kV. The integrated power supply unit in this example has three parallel electrical circuits of the battery storage plant 110, and the bidirectional power conversion and conditioning module includes a coil, fuses, filters, and regulators. The controller, in cooperation with the remaining components within the integrated power supply unit, supplies AC power to the electrical equipment loads and compensates for imperfections in the AC power coming from the main AC power source to maintain the AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads within a set AC voltage level and frequency range.

[0058] In one embodiment, the magnetically coupled choke can be constructed to be a single-winding reactor. The integrated power supply unit is electrically connected in parallel with the magnetically coupled choke. An input connection for supplying AC power from the main AC power source to the power conversion and regulation module is electrically connected upstream of the magnetically coupled choke. An output from the power conversion and regulation module is connected downstream of the magnetically coupled choke, supplying a portion of the AC power from the AC power output of the power conversion and regulation module to the electrical equipment load.

[0059] FIG. 4 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment providing an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in uninterruptible power supply mode.

[0060] The controller allows the integrated power supply unit to operate in multiple modes. The integrated power supply unit has a controller and an associated set of circuit breakers within the BESSUPS system 100 that can be programmed to control how the power distribution system operates in different modes of operation. The controller is electrically coupled to an associated set of circuit breakers within the power distribution system and controls the electrical open or closed state of the set of circuit breakers to place both the power distribution system and the integrated power supply unit into multiple different modes of operation. Some exemplary modes are:

[0061] ESS mode: Uses utility, wind, or solar power to charge the system battery.

[0062] Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Mode: An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides conditioned continuous power.

[0063] Standby Power Mode: Replaces diesel / fossil fuel generators and provides backup power during utility outages.

[0064] PJM Interconnection Mode: Provides voltage and frequency regulation to accommodate the PJM interconnection standard utility power grid.

[0065] Simultaneous operation mode: Supports both UPS and PJM modes simultaneously.

[0066] Demand Reduction Mode: Used during peak rate periods to participate in utility demand reduction programs or for peak energy reduction opportunities.

[0067] Bypass Mode: Allows the BESSUPS system 100 to be utilized offline with an integrated power supply unit for maintenance or repair.

[0068] As discussed, FIG. 4 shows the controller having the components of an integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers within the power distribution system to operate in UPS mode. In UPS mode, the power conversion and regulation module provides uninterrupted, fully regulated, continuous power to critical and important electrical loads within the microgrid. In UPS mode, this integrated power supply unit, coupled to a magnetically coupled choke, provides regulated power for critical loads within downstream facilities and can also serve as an emergency backup power source when needed when electricity from the utility power grid or another main power source is unreliable or lost. It is located between the utility grid power lines and the circuit breakers in the facility's distribution panel. When configured to operate in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), the controller sends control signals to close the circuit breakers Q1, Q2, and Q4. The controller then monitors the incoming voltages, which are located on the line side of the line reactor due to a power outage. During normal operation, the controller uses the batteries in the battery storage plant 110 and the inverters in the power conversion and regulation module to:

[0069] Provides regulated voltage on the load side of the line reactor.

[0070] Sink or source demand VARS as needed.

[0071] Corrects the power factor on the line reactor rotation side to a uniform level.

[0072] Additionally, a line reactor formed from an integrated power supply unit electrically coupled to a magnetically coupled choke reduces or eliminates harmonics driven by the load. Typical THD for a line reactor is less than 2%.

[0073] In operational mode, the electrical loads can be supplied from the utility grid with regulation provided by the integrated power supply unit coupled to the magnetically coupled choke. The integrated power supply unit maintains minimum power consumption to maintain DC bus voltage. Also, upon loss of reliable service (not a fault condition), the controller sends control signals for the battery storage plant 110 and power conversion and regulation module to seize and supply AC power to the electrical loads.

[0074] 4 also shows a controller for the integrated power supply connected to an electrical tap and sensor for sensing the characteristics of the AC power coming from the AC mains. The electrical tap and sensor are connected a sufficient distance upstream of the magnetic coupling choke, and in combination with the magnetic coupling choke, the magnetic coupling choke is constructed to have a sufficient amount of impedance to slow the voltage level drop when AC power from the AC mains is unreliable or absent. The controller can then change the operating mode of the integrated power supply and associated breakers without disrupting downstream electrical loads. One or more instances of the integrated power supply then electrically couple to: 1) provide a single, continuous, emergency backup AC source to supply all of the electrical loads connected downstream to the integrated power supply within a set regulated and regulated AC level and frequency range to critical electrical loads in the facility; and 2) electrically isolate the electrical loads from the AC mains by changing the open or closed state of one or more circuit breakers.

[0075] The line reactor / magnetic coupling choke / line reactive coupler is designed to isolate the downstream power distribution system when an adverse power event occurs on the utility power supply side. The magnetic coupling choke is designed and constructed to prevent the moment when critical electrical equipment loads lose AC power (requiring continuous regulated power) to operate within a set AC voltage and frequency range when the utility voltage goes to zero. The line reactor formed by the magnetic coupling choke provides a sufficiently large impedance between the utility power supply and the inverter output of the BESSUPS system 100 with integrated power supply unit, allowing a sufficient time, such as 15 milliseconds or more, for the controller to open or close one or more main circuit breakers, 1) isolating from the utility power source and switching operating modes, so that the BESSUPS system 100 with one or more instances of integrated power supply unit then becomes an emergency backup source of power, providing emergency power to the critical electrical equipment loads without any loss of power perceived by those loads, and supplying regulated power within a set AC voltage and frequency range to those critical electrical equipment loads. Note that Q1's circuit breaker and other circuit breakers do not open or close electrically instantaneously, but rather take several milliseconds (e.g., six cycles of a 60 Hz electrical signal) to change state. Q1's circuit breaker senses the power outage and electrically isolates itself by opening the circuit breaker in approximately six cycles. The integrated power supply also changes mode so that it no longer expects any more AC power input from the main AC power source, and rather than powering down, it configures itself to supply regulated power within a set AC voltage and frequency range required by the critical electrical loads, and then becomes the sole source that produces that supply power rather than simply acting as a UPS, receiving input AC power, monitoring and correcting that input AC power, and then outputting regulated electrical AC power within a set AC voltage and frequency range required by the critical electrical loads in the downstream facility to those critical electrical loads.

[0076] The line reactor is constructed with a balance of the minimum amount (e.g., magnitude) of impedance that the line reactor must have between the utility power supply and the inverter output of the power conversion and conditioning module so that the integrated power supply unit does not attempt to power down or become overloaded because one or more instances of the integrated power supply unit are then attempting to become the sole power source for the entirety of all critical electrical equipment loads in the downstream facility.

[0077] The line reactor, formed by a magnetically coupled choke coupled to a coil in a power conversion and conditioning module, provides sufficient electrical resistance (e.g., ohms) between the output of the power conversion and conditioning module and the utility grid connection to the microgrid, so that when AC power from the utility grid is removed, the line reactor acts as a large load electrically in parallel with the critical electrical equipment loads in the downstream facility. The line reactor design can provide up to 60% of the impedance calculated for the critical electrical equipment loads in the downstream facility. The line reactor, formed by a magnetically coupled choke coupled to a coil in a power conversion and conditioning module, creates a series voltage divider network between the integrated power supply unit and the magnetically coupled choke, with the facility and its electrical equipment loads located on one side of the series voltage divider network and the other side of the series voltage divider network. The voltage drop is the current (in amperes) multiplied by the resistance / impedance. Therefore, the line reactor's construction ensures that the line reactor's coil is large enough, in terms of thickness / electrical gauge size, to handle the current. Theoretically, a power distribution system with one or more instances of an integrated power supply unit and corresponding magnetically coupled chokes could lose up to 60% of the voltage level supplied by the utility (which would be significantly below the minimum voltage level required for the majority of critical electrical equipment in the facility) if the system did not have its supplemental conditioned power from the integrated power supply unit's battery storage plant 110 returned when the output of the power conversion and conditioning module reconnects to the facility's downstream circuit breakers and the lines connecting to its electrical equipment loads. The size and impedance of the line reactor are balanced by the UPS portion of the power conversion and conditioning module at the highest amount of impedance value during normal operation when the system is running on utility power, and then the AC power coming from the power conversion and conditioning module needs to compensate for that voltage loss in the line reactor to ensure that a constant, satisfactory AC voltage level is supplied to the electrical equipment loads in the facility after the line reactor.

[0078] Example calculation of magnetically coupled choke impedance

[0079] To get an idea of ​​the required impedance of a magnetically coupled choke, the following rules of thumb can be used: Xsm = total series impedance of the choke (without tap current) [ohms] Uff = rated UPS output voltage (phase-phase) [volts] Sups = rated apparent power of the UPS [volt-amperes]

[0080] Rule of thumb: Xsm = 0.58 x {Uff2 / Sups} ohms

[0081] This corresponds to approximately a 27-28 degree phase shift at the choke when the UPS is operating at full load power (=normal operation). Note that the power conversion and conditioning module also has a regulator to control the amount of phase shift in the AC power supplied by the power conversion and conditioning module.

[0082] An exemplary calculation can be performed as follows:

[0083] Assumption:Sups::::1400KVA

[0084] Assumption: Uff=6.6KV

[0085] Xsm = 0.58 × {66002 / 1.4 × 106} = 18.0 [ohms]

[0086] This calculation can be broken down into various factors:

[0087] M = mutual inductance between the primary and secondary coils [henrys]

[0088] Lp = self-inductance of the primary coil [henry]

[0089] Ls = self-inductance of the secondary coil [henry]

[0090] Np = number of turns in the primary coil

[0091] Ns = number of turns in the secondary coil

[0092] N=Np / (Np+Ns)=turns ratio

[0093] fund = electrical fundamental frequency [Hz]

[0094] XR = series reactance of the line reactor at fund frequency (when there is no tap current) measured in "x" quantity of ohms

[0095] In a variation of the UPS operating mode, the main AC power source is configured to provide a first portion of the AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads receiving power from the integrated power supply unit, and the power conversion and regulation module is configured to provide another portion of the regulated and conditioned AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads to remain within a set voltage level and frequency range from the power conversion and regulation module by compensating for imperfections from the AC power coming from the main AC power source, thereby maintaining the combined AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads to remain within a set AC voltage level and frequency range.

[0096] It should be noted that a BESSUPS system 100 with one or more integrated power supply units can store energy provided by utility grid power and / or wind or solar energy sources, eliminating the need for fossil fuels. A BESSUPS system 100 with one or more integrated power supply units can be integrated with local or remote renewable power sources, such as wind or solar energy, which may be located locally or remotely. The main AC power source can be a utility power grid power line and / or a power line from a wind or solar energy source.

[0097] A BESSUPS system 100 with one or more integrated power supply units is easily scalable in both size capacity and duration of the power it supplies.

[0098] A BESSUPS system 100 with one or more integrated power supply units is significantly cheaper to install and operate than conventional static or flywheel UPS and diesel generator systems.

[0099] A BESSUPS system 100 having one or more integrated power supply units can be configured in multiple redundant power supply configurations (eg, N+1 configuration, 2N configuration, etc.).

[0100] FIG. 5 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in a simultaneous UPS / PJM operating mode that: i) operates as a UPS for the electrical loads in the facility; and ii) also provides utility grid support.

[0101] Simultaneous UPS / PJM mode:

[0102] The controller sends control signals to the BESSUPS system 100, which has one or more integrated power supply units, to provide utility grid compliance while simultaneously operating as a UPS. Control signals are sent to electrically close circuit breakers Q1, Q2, and Q4. The controller in the BESSUPS system 100 monitors and responds to anomalies on the line and load sides of the coupled line reactor. The controller provides utility grid compliance by controlling the integrated power supply units to supply power to the electrical grid and stabilize the AC power characteristics on the utility grid while the electrical load continues to be serviced. The controller and integrated power supply units provide utility grid frequency regulation, voltage stabilization, and power factor correction compliance. Note that in the event of a utility grid-side outage, the controller sends control signals to return the integrated power supply units and associated set of circuit breakers to traditional UPS operation to service the critical load. The controller is configured to place the integrated power supply unit and a set of associated circuit breakers in a simultaneous UPS / PJM operating mode to electrically connect the AC power output of the power conversion and conditioning module to the power lines of the utility power grid and provide frequency regulation, voltage stabilization, and power factor correction on the utility grid to serve both 1) the AC power of the utility grid power itself and 2) the electrical equipment loads in the microgrid downstream of the integrated power supply unit. Thus, the battery storage plant 110 and the power conversion and conditioning module of the integrated power supply unit are configured to supply regulated and regulated AC power to stabilize AC power, such as voltage levels, on the utility power grid, while the electrical equipment loads in the facility continue to be served by AC power at a set regulated and regulated AC voltage level and frequency range from the power conversion and conditioning module.

[0103] The BESSUPS system 100, with its integrated power supply unit and its controller, is built to meet PJM Regulating Market utility grid compliance requirements.

[0104] Demand Reduction Mode: The controller sends control signals to the BESSUPS system 100 with one or more integrated power units to participate in a utility demand reduction program or be used during peak percentage periods / peak shaving, as the situation demands. Many utilities offer incentives for reducing demand during peak consumption events. Typically, these are done during the summer when demand exceeds the utility's generating capacity or program, or are used during daily peak percentage periods. The BESSUPS system 100 with integrated power units offers the opportunity to participate in demand reduction or peak shaving programs can offer substantial financial rebates.

[0105] Next, i) the magnetically coupled choke, ii) one or more of the circuit breakers electrically coupled to the controller, and iii) the power lines supplying the integrated power supply unit with AC power from the connection to the main AC power source are all constructed and sized at the time of installation into the power distribution system with electrical ampere ratings to handle at least 125% of the maximum expected electrical load when all possible future electrical equipment loads connected to the integrated power supply unit are accommodated within the facility (e.g., a 10 MW facility), as well as the current demands for charging the integrated power supply unit's battery storage plant 110. The circuit breaker Q1, line reactor, and power lines need to be sized with electrical amperes to handle 100% of the electrical equipment load, followed by an additional 25% to handle the batteries of the BESSUPS system 100 during periodic recharges. Thus, for example, the magnetically coupled choke (e.g., line reactor) has a copper coil loop to handle the expected current of up to 125% of the electrical equipment load in the downstream facility.

[0106] FIG. 6 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in a standby power mode to provide standby / emergency power.

[0107] Standby / Backup Power Mode: The integrated power supply unit replaces equipment such as diesel generators to provide AC power during utility grid power outages.

[0108] The controller sends control signals to the BESSUPS system 100, which has one or more integrated power supply units, to operate as a standby power supply. The BESSUPS system 100 is in "NORMAL" UPS mode and / or simultaneous UPS / PJM mode during the majority of the time when utility power is lost. The controller sends a control signal to electrically open the circuit breaker of Q1 and sends a signal to instruct the inverter in the power conversion and regulation module to begin meeting 100% of the demand of downstream facility electrical equipment loads with emergency reserve power, while continuing to provide fully regulated power to the facility's electrical equipment loads without disruption to the downstream electrical equipment loads. If a fault condition is detected by the sensors, the controller also sends control signals to other circuit breakers to electrically isolate the integrated power supply units from the utility grid system.

[0109] The controller and power conversion and regulation module can cooperate to control the phase shift of AC power coming from the power conversion and regulation module both 1) during a normal operating mode and 2) during a recovery operating mode when the controller has previously changed the state of the circuit breaker to disconnect the main AC power from both the integrated power supply unit and the downstream electrical equipment load, and the controller must then change the state of the circuit breaker to reconnect the main AC power source that supplies AC power to both the integrated power supply unit and the downstream electrical equipment load.

[0110] In a utility power loss recovery mode of operation, the magnetically coupled choke and controller cooperate to open a circuit breaker, e.g., a 400 amp circuit breaker, connected to the utility voltage line when the integrated power supply unit is electrically coupled to the power line leading to a step-down transformer (or a facility panel), so that the supplied AC voltage comes from the integrated power supply unit and does not return to the utility voltage line. After the circuit breaker opens due to detecting a problem with power from the utility grid, the exemplary 400 amp circuit breaker between the utility grid and the integrated power supply unit closes, and when the supply voltage from the integrated power supply unit is synchronized with the utility (the phase angle between the generator and the utility is less than 9 degrees), the utility voltage is within limits.

[0111] The line reactor and controller of the integrated power supply unit are configured to cooperate, possibly by phase shifting the AC electrical signal, so that the AC power supplied by the utility is out of phase with the AC power supplied from the line reactor's output. The voltage angle is shifted (phase shifted) from the line reactor's output. The controller's sensors ensure that when the controller simultaneously closes circuit breakers Q3 and Q2, the phase shift between the AC power from the utility and the AC power from the integrated power supply unit is matched. The controller and power conversion and regulation module cooperate to variably adjust the UPSAC power output to match whatever the frequency and / or phase angle is from the AC source. The controller actually adjusts the phase angle at the line reactor output to match the bypass, so that the controller can simultaneously close circuit breakers Q3 and Q2 without issue.

[0112] FIG. 7 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in a PJM interconnection-compatible mode only.

[0113] PJM Interconnection Mode: Provides PJM Interconnection Standard Utility Power Grid Compatibility.

[0114] The controller sends control signals to the BESSUPS system 100, which has one or more integrated power supply units and associated circuit breakers, to operate only to provide utility grid compatibility. When configured to operate in PJM interconnection compatible mode, the BESSUPS system 100, which has one or more integrated power supply units, operates as a grid-connected energy storage system. In this configuration, the controller monitors the incoming power for deviations in voltage, frequency, or power factor. If a fault / variation within a set range of voltage, frequency, or power factor is detected in the utility grid, the controller sends a control signal to the integrated power supply unit to provide a correction for voltage, frequency, or power factor relative to the grid voltage supplied to other microgrids.

[0115] FIG. 8 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power unit places the integrated power unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in an ESS mode to charge batteries in the battery storage plant.

[0116] ESS Mode: A utility, wind, or solar power source provides AC power solely to charge batteries in the battery storage plant 110. The controller sends control signals to the BESSUPS system 100, which has one or more integrated power supply units and associated circuit breakers, to electrically close the circuit breakers at Q1 and Q4. The controller sends control signals to configure the bidirectional inverter in the power conversion and regulation module to simply direct incoming AC power to charge the batteries from the utility, wind, or solar power source. The controller sends control signals to configure the bidirectional inverter in the power conversion and regulation module to stop providing AC power from its output.

[0117] FIG. 9 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary power flow when the controller of the integrated power supply unit places the integrated power supply unit and an associated set of circuit breakers in bypass mode.

[0118] Bypass Mode:

[0119] The controller sends control signals to the BESSUPS system 100 having one or more integrated power supply units to perform a manually initiated transition. The transition is between active and bypass operation. To transition to bypass, the controller first closes circuit breaker Q4 and then opens circuit breakers Q1 and Q2. To transition to active mode, the controller first closes circuit breakers Q1 and Q2 and then opens circuit breaker Q4.

[0120] FIG. 10 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary 4 to 3 N+1 redundant power distribution scheme with multiple instances of a BESSUPS system and its integrated power supply units. Multiple individual integrated power supply units are configured to connect to both the main AC power source and the electrical equipment loads in the downstream facility to form one or more multiple redundant power distribution schemes / power supply configurations. While this example shows a 4 to 3 N+1 scheme, other N+1 configurations, such as a 2N configuration, are also possible. A BESSUPS system 100 with integrated power supply units can be easily configured for multiple redundant power scenarios for electrical equipment loads, such as pumps, servers, etc., in the power distribution. A BESSUPS system 100 with one or more integrated power supply units can be configured to meet all four Uptime Institute Tier levels.

[0121] As shown in FIG. 10 , four exemplary power line feeds originate from a utility grid line, each with an exemplary input circuit breaker (Q1 and Q5-Q8) in a main distribution panel that is tied to an associated controller of a corresponding integrated power unit (e.g., an integrated power unit designated 'A' 30 MW). Each power line feed connects to a separate step-down transformer and provides AC power, e.g., 480 VAC, to the distribution panel, which distributes the AC power to electrical loads within the microgrid (rectangular outline), such as a data center, hospital, or manufacturing facility, to provide redundant reserve power. In this example, a 4-to-3 redundant power distribution scheme is used. Each of the four separate distribution panels receives its own AC power from its corresponding integrated power unit (designated A-D) and the utility grid power line feed. Each distribution panel distributes power to critical and / or non-critical electrical loads within the microgrid. Within the facility, each distribution panel also electrically connects via power cables to its redundant AC power source coming from another distribution panel in the redundant power distribution scheme.

[0122] FIG. 11 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary 3 to 2 N+1 redundant power distribution scheme with multiple instances of a BESSUPS system and its integrated power supply units.

[0123] As discussed, each instance of the integrated power unit is constructed to be scalable in capacity over its operating time by having one or more electrical connections to add additional power capacity. Each integrated power unit can add power capacity by: 1) adding another new set of reserve batteries in the battery storage plant 110 and both a new power conversion and regulation module electrically in parallel with the other two existing sets of reserve batteries and power conversion and regulation modules in the integrated power unit. All new and existing electrical components connect to the same / existing magnetically coupled chokes already installed. Expansion connections are constructed in these instances to add multiple blocks of reserve batteries to the existing reserve batteries in the battery storage plant 110 for that integrated power unit.

[0124] FIG. 11 is a single-line diagram of one embodiment presenting an exemplary 3 to 2 N+1 redundant BESSUPS system with multiple instances of integrated power supply units.

[0125] The BESSUPS system 100 is significantly cheaper to install and operate than conventional static or flywheel UPS and diesel generator systems. Each BESSUPS unit can electrically add the additional power capacity of another set of reserve batteries, inverters, and power conditioning modules in parallel with existing reserve batteries, inverters, and power conditioning modules when all connected to the same line reactor already installed.

[0126] Scalability over time:

[0127] The building blocks are configurable and can be scaled and / or paralleled over time to accommodate future expansion of the number of battery blocks within the BESSUPS unit.

[0128] Although several specific embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, most functions performed by electronic hardware components can be replicated through software emulation. Thus, software programs written to achieve those same functions can mimic the functions of the hardware components in the input / output circuitry. Cabinet types, etc., can vary. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. an integrated power supply unit configured to include a battery storage plant and a power conversion and regulation module, said power conversion and regulation module including: i) electrical components performing power conversion from AC power supplied from a mains AC power source to DC power entering said battery storage plant; and ii) electrical components performing power conversion from DC power coming from said battery storage plant to AC power supplied from said power conversion and regulation module; and iii) electrical components performing power conditioning such that the AC power supplied from said power conversion and regulation module is an uninterruptible supply of regulated and conditioned AC power and remains within a set voltage level and frequency range, thereby eliminating voltage amplitude and / or frequency fluctuations outside of a set regulated and regulated AC voltage level and frequency range, even when the AC power supplied from the mains AC power source into said power supply unit has voltage level and / or frequency fluctuations outside of said set regulated and regulated AC voltage level and frequency range; the power conversion and regulation module is configured to provide an uninterruptible supply of the regulated and regulated AC power to remain within a set voltage level and frequency range to an electrical equipment load downstream of the integrated power supply unit; the integrated power supply unit is electrically coupled to a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor and is configured to compensate for and eliminate at least one or more of the following problems with AC voltage level, frequency, and phase of the AC voltage caused by AC power coming from the AC mains power source, i) surges, ii) transients, and iii) harmonics, so as not to reach and affect the electrical equipment load; the battery storage plant of the integrated power unit is configured to have an ampere-hour (Ahr) capacity to provide continuous emergency backup AC power to supply the electrical equipment loads connected downstream of the integrated power unit for more than one hour; the integrated power supply unit is electrically located between the main AC power source and an input circuit breaker of a facility distribution panel accommodating the electrical equipment load; the integrated power supply unit coupled to the magnetically coupled choke is configured to act as both the line reactor for providing uninterruptible regulated and regulated AC power and as an emergency standby power supply; Device.

2. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the integrated power supply unit also includes a controller electrically coupled to an associated set of circuit breakers in a power distribution system and controlling the electrical open or closed states of the set of circuit breakers to place both the power distribution system and the integrated power supply unit into a plurality of different operating modes.

3. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein a utility power grid power line is configured to be the primary AC power source, and wherein the controller is configured to place the integrated power supply unit and the associated set of circuit breakers in a first operational mode to electrically connect the AC power output of the power conversion and regulation module to the utility power grid power line to serve both 1) the utility power grid's own AC power, and 2) the electrical equipment loads downstream of the integrated power supply unit, and provide frequency regulation, voltage stabilization, and power factor correction on the utility power grid, such that the battery storage plant and the power conversion and regulation module of the integrated power supply unit are configured to supply the regulated and regulated AC power to stabilize AC power on the utility power grid while the electrical equipment loads within the premises continue to be served by AC power within the set regulated and regulated AC voltage level and frequency range from the power conversion and regulation module.

4. the mains AC power source is also configured to provide a first portion of the AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads receiving power from the integrated power supply unit; the power conversion and regulation module is configured to provide another portion of the regulated and conditioned AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads to remain within the set voltage level and frequency range from the power conversion and regulation module by compensating for imperfections from the AC power coming from the mains AC power source, thereby maintaining the combined AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads to remain within the set AC voltage level and frequency range; the controller and the power conversion and regulation module are configured to cooperate to control a phase shift of the AC power coming from the power conversion and regulation module both 1) during a normal operation mode and 2) during a recovery operation mode when the controller has previously changed the state of a circuit breaker to disconnect the mains AC power from both the integrated power supply unit and the downstream electrical equipment loads, and then the controller is required to change the state of the circuit breaker to reconnect the mains AC power source supplying AC power to both the integrated power supply unit and the downstream electrical equipment loads.

3. The apparatus of claim 2.

5. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein i) the magnetically coupled choke, ii) one or more of the circuit breakers electrically coupled to the controller, and iii) the power lines supplying AC power from connection to the main AC power source to the integrated power supply unit are constructed and sized, upon installation on an electrical distribution system, with an electrical ampere rating to handle at least 125% of the maximum expected electrical load when all possible future electrical equipment loads connected to the integrated power supply unit are accommodated within the facility, plus the current demand of the integrated power supply unit to charge the battery storage plant.

6. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the integrated power supply unit instance is constructed to be scalable in capacity over its operating time by having one or more electrical connections to add additional power capacity by adding at least one of: 1) another new set of reserve batteries and a new power conversion and regulation module electrically in parallel with the existing set of reserve batteries and power conversion and regulation module of the integrated power supply unit, with all new and existing electrical components connecting to the magnetically coupled choke already installed; and 2) an expansion connection for adding multiple blocks of reserve batteries to the existing reserve batteries in the battery storage plant for that integrated power supply unit.

7. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller of the integrated power supply unit is configured with an electrical tap and a sensor for sensing characteristics of AC power coming from the main AC power source, the electrical tap and the sensor being connected at a distance upstream of the magnetic coupling choke and constructed to have an impedance in combination with the magnetic coupling choke such that when AC power from the main AC power source is unreliable or absent, the amount of impedance is such that voltage level decay is slowed; the controller can then change the operating mode of the integrated power supply unit and associated circuit breakers without causing disruption to the downstream electrical equipment loads; and one or more instances of the integrated power supply unit are then electrically coupled to: 1) become a single continuous emergency standby AC power source supplying all of the electrical equipment loads connected downstream to the integrated power supply unit to the critical electrical equipment loads in the facility within the configured regulated and regulated AC level and frequency range; and 2) change the open or closed state of one or more circuit breakers to electrically isolate the electrical equipment loads from the main AC power source.

8. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetically coupled choke is constructed as a multi-winding, center-tapped magnetically coupled choke configured to connect to an AC power output of the power conversion and regulation module.

9. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetically coupled choke is constructed as a single-winding reactor, and the integrated power supply unit is electrically connected in parallel with the magnetically coupled choke.

10. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a plurality of individual integrated power supply units are configured to connect to both the main AC power source and the electrical equipment loads in the downstream facility to form one or more multiple redundant power distribution schemes.

11. configuring an integrated power supply unit to include a battery storage plant and a power conversion and regulation module, said power conversion and regulation module including: i) electrical components that perform power conversion from AC power supplied from a mains AC power source to DC power entering the battery storage plant; and ii) electrical components that perform power conversion from DC power coming from the battery storage plant to AC power supplied from said power conversion and regulation module; and iii) electrical components that perform power conditioning such that the AC power supplied from said power conversion and regulation module is an uninterruptible supply of regulated and regulated AC power and stays within a set voltage level and frequency range, thereby eliminating voltage amplitude and / or frequency fluctuations outside of a set regulated and regulated AC voltage level and frequency range, even when the AC power supplied from said mains AC power source into said power supply unit has voltage level and / or frequency fluctuations outside of said set regulated and regulated AC voltage level and frequency range; configuring the power conversion and regulation module to provide an uninterruptible supply of the regulated and regulated AC power to remain within a set voltage level and frequency range to electrical equipment loads downstream of the integrated power supply unit; electrically coupling to a magnetically coupled choke to form a line reactor, and configuring the integrated power supply unit to compensate for and eliminate at least one or more of the following problems: i) surges, ii) transients, and iii) harmonics in the AC voltage level, frequency, and phase of the AC voltage caused by AC power coming from the AC mains power source, so as not to reach and affect the electrical equipment load; configuring the battery storage plant of the integrated power supply unit to have an ampere-hour (Ahr) capacity to provide continuous emergency backup AC power to supply the electrical equipment loads connected downstream of the integrated power supply unit for more than one hour; configuring the integrated power supply unit to be electrically located between the main AC power source and an input circuit breaker of a facility electrical distribution panel accommodating the electrical equipment load; configuring the integrated power supply unit coupled to the magnetically coupled choke to act as both the line reactor for providing uninterruptible regulated and regulated AC power and as an emergency backup power source; A method comprising:

12. configuring the integrated power supply unit to have a controller electrically coupled to an associated set of circuit breakers in an electrical power distribution system, the controller controlling the electrically open or closed state of the set of circuit breakers to place both the electrical power distribution system and the integrated power supply unit into a plurality of different modes of operation; The method of claim 11 further comprising:

13. configuring a power line of a utility power grid to be the primary AC power source; and configuring the controller to place the integrated power supply unit and the associated set of circuit breakers in a first mode of operation to electrically connect the AC power output of the power conversion and regulation module to power lines of the utility power grid to serve both 1) the AC power of the utility power grid itself, and 2) the electrical equipment loads downstream of the integrated power supply unit, thereby configuring the battery storage plant and the power conversion and regulation module of the integrated power supply unit to supply the regulated and regulated AC power to stabilize AC power on the utility power grid while the electrical equipment loads within the premises continue to be served by AC power within the set regulated and regulated AC voltage level and frequency range from the power conversion and regulation module. The method of claim 12.

14. configuring the main AC power source to provide a first portion of AC power supplied to the electrical equipment loads that receive power from the integrated power supply unit; configuring the power conversion and regulation module to supply another portion of the regulated and conditioned AC power supplied to the electrical equipment load to remain within the set voltage level and frequency range from the power conversion and regulation module by compensating for imperfections from the AC power coming from the main AC power source, whereby the combined AC power supplied to the electrical equipment load is maintained to remain within the set AC voltage level and frequency range; and configuring the controller and the power conversion and regulation module to cooperate to control a phase shift of AC power coming from the power conversion and regulation module both 1) during a normal operation mode and 2) during a recovery operation mode when the controller has previously changed the state of a circuit breaker to disconnect the main AC power from both the integrated power supply unit and the downstream electrical equipment loads, and the controller then needs to change the state of the circuit breaker to reconnect the main AC power source that provides AC power to both the integrated power supply unit and the downstream electrical equipment loads. The method of claim 12.

15. configuring i) the magnetically coupled choke, ii) one or more of the circuit breakers electrically coupled to the controller, and iii) power lines supplying AC power from connection to the main AC power source to the integrated power supply unit, to be constructed and sized, upon installation into an electrical distribution system, with an electrical ampere rating to handle at least 125% of the maximum anticipated electrical load when all possible future electrical equipment loads connected to the integrated power supply unit are accommodated within the facility, as well as the current demand of the integrated power supply unit to charge the battery storage plant. The method of claim 12 further comprising:

16. 1) another new set of reserve batteries and a new power conversion and regulation module electrically in parallel with the existing set of reserve batteries and power conversion and regulation module of the integrated power supply unit, with all new and existing electrical components connecting to the magnetic coupling choke already installed; and 2) configuring the integrated power supply unit instance to be scalable in capacity over its operating time by having one or more electrical connections to add additional power capacity by adding at least one of expansion connections to add multiple blocks of reserve batteries to the existing reserve batteries in the battery storage plant for that integrated power supply unit. The method of claim 11 further comprising:

17. further comprising the step of configuring a controller of the integrated power supply unit to have an electrical tap and a sensor for sensing characteristics of AC power coming from the main AC power source, the electrical tap and the sensor being connected at a distance upstream of the magnetic coupling choke and constructed to have an impedance in combination with the magnetic coupling choke such that when AC power from the main AC power source is unreliable or absent, the amount of impedance is such that voltage level decay is slowed; the controller can then change the operating mode of the integrated power supply unit and associated circuit breakers without causing disruption to the downstream electrical equipment loads; and one or more instances of the integrated power supply unit then: 1) become a single continuous emergency standby AC power source supplying all of the electrical equipment loads connected downstream to the integrated power supply unit to the critical electrical equipment loads in the facility within the configured regulated and regulated AC levels and frequencies; and 2) electrically couple the electrical equipment loads to electrically isolate them from the main AC power source by changing the open or closed state of one or more circuit breakers. The method of claim 11.

18. configuring the magnetically coupled choke to be a multi-winding, center-tapped coupled choke configured to connect to an AC power output of the power conversion and regulation module; The method of claim 11 further comprising:

19. further comprising configuring the magnetically coupled choke to be a single-winding reactor, the integrated power supply unit being electrically connected in parallel with the magnetically coupled choke. The method of claim 11.

20. configuring a plurality of individual integrated power supply units to connect to both the main AC power source and the electrical equipment loads in the downstream facility to form one or more multiple redundant power distribution schemes; The method of claim 11 further comprising:

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