Method for cultivating fruit trees in greenhouses and greenhouse cultivation kit for fruit trees

Abstract

To provide a greenhouse cultivation method for a fruit tree and a greenhouse cultivation kit for a fruit tree by which greenhouse cultivation of olive tree or the like can be achieved by making a fruit tree such as an olive tree lower without preventing its growth.SOLUTION: A greenhouse cultivation method for a fruit tree in which fruit trees are cultivated in a greenhouse comprises: a process of making fruit trees lower by using: first control tools which are provided above fruit trees and controls their height; second control tools which are provided for roots of the fruit trees and controls growth of their roots; and third control tools which are provided for branches of the fruit trees and controls their extending directions. Fruit trees can be trees of one kind of fruit of olive, citrus, persimmon, Japanese plum, peach, plum, pear, apple and grape.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees, such as olives, citrus fruits, persimmons, plums, peaches, plums, pears, apples, or grapes, and a greenhouse cultivation kit for fruit trees. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, olive trees are attracting attention as a useful fruit tree because the olive oil extracted from the fruit is edible, and the fruit itself is also excellent as lumber. Olive trees grow better with more sunlight and are suited to warm climates, so they are usually cultivated outdoors. Olive trees are tall trees that grow to over 3 meters in height, and because they grow so large, they need to be spaced far apart to prevent a reduction in sunlight, which requires a large area for cultivation. As a result, olive tree cultivation has drawbacks such as low yield per unit area and the need to harvest fruit at high altitudes, making it tedious work. Patent Document 1 describes a cultivation method in which olive trees are dwarfed to a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m and planted in a medium spaced 1 to 2 m apart from each other on all sides. In this cultivation method, to dwarf the trees, the area near the base of the elongated branches of the olive tree, or the area near the base of the parent branch that produced the elongated branches, is twisted and bent downward at an angle of 50 degrees from the horizontal, and then fixed. Furthermore, as items used for twisting, bending, and fixing branches as described above, Patent Document 2 describes a branch hanging device for citrus fruits, etc., Patent Document 3 describes a branch training device for fruit trees, Patent Document 4 describes a plant fruiting branch training device, and Patent Document 5 describes a clip. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6600793 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-250362 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-225439 [Patent Document 4] Patent No. 6002827 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-160774 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] As mentioned above, the cultivation of fruit trees such as olive trees has drawbacks such as low yield per unit area and the tedious task of harvesting fruit at high altitudes. Furthermore, the cultivation of olive trees and other fruit trees has other drawbacks, such as the need to take adequate measures against wind damage due to the susceptibility to lodging, root damage, fruit damage, and fruit drop, as well as the need to take adequate measures against damage by specific pests and diseases such as anthracnose. Furthermore, when twisting branches of olive trees, etc., Patent Document 1 uses wire clips, which are likely to break or injure the branches, which will hinder the growth of the olive tree.Twisting branches using the devices described in Patent Documents 2 to 5 also has a high possibility of breaking or injuring the olive tree branches.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the current state of the prior art, and aims to provide a greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse cultivation kit for fruit trees that can achieve greenhouse cultivation of olive trees and other fruit trees by reducing them to shrubs without hindering their growth. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is presented below. (1) A greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees, comprising: a first restricting device provided above the fruit tree to restrict its height; a second restricting device provided at the base of the fruit tree to restrict the growth of the roots; a third restricting device provided on the branch of the fruit tree to restrict the direction of growth of the branch; 、 the fruit tree is an olive tree; the first restriction tool is formed of a lattice material installed above the fruit tree, the second regulating device is a hollow container for accommodating the roots of the fruit trees, and the method includes a step of replacing the container with one having a larger capacity according to the growth of the roots of the fruit trees, burying the container with the roots of the fruit trees and soil inside in the ground of the cultivation room with its upper end exposed so that the orientation of the container can be changed according to the direction of sunlight, and rotating the buried container according to the direction of sunlight to regulate the change in orientation of the fruit trees according to the sunlight of each season, the third restricting device is constituted by a wire stretched between the branch of the fruit tree and the first restricting device and / or between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground, and the method comprises the step of pulling the branch upward, downward or sideways with the wire, and restricting the direction of extension of the branch so that, when the fruit tree is viewed from above, the branch fits within a certain circular range centered on the hollow second restricting device, and the branches extend radially from the second restricting device centered without overlapping each other in the vertical and horizontal directions; a step of stretching the third restricting device between the branch of the fruit tree and the first restricting device to pull the branch upward during a first stage of growth of the fruit tree, and stretching the third restricting device between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground to pull the branch downward during a second stage of growth of the fruit tree, The fruit trees will be shrubby, the amount of sunlight and ventilation will be improved, and the orientation of the fruit trees will be easily changed to suit the amount of sunlight each season. A greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees. (2) The certain circular range is a circular range having a diameter of 1.5 m to 2 m centered on the hollow second restricting tool. The greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees according to (1) above. (3) The first restricting tool is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, The second regulating tool is made of ceramic, and when the second regulating tool is replaced with one having a larger volume, the second regulating tool before replacement is made into a hollow container having a diameter of 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less and a buried depth in the ground of 20 cm or more and 30 cm or less, and the second regulating tool after replacement is made into a hollow container having a diameter of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less and a buried depth in the ground of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less. The aforementioned (2) The greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees described in claim 1. (4) The step of pulling the branch downward includes stretching the third restricting tool between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground made of soil contained in the container; The step of pulling the branches upward includes stretching the wire between each branch of the fruit tree and one location on the lattice material directly above the container. The greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees according to (1) above. (5) The certain circular range is a circular range having a diameter of 1.5 m to 2 m centered on the hollow second restricting tool. The above ( 4) The greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees described in claim 1. (6) The first restricting tool is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, The second regulating tool is made of ceramic, and when replacing the second regulating tool with one having a larger volume, the second regulating tool before replacement is a hollow container having a diameter of 10 cm to 20 cm and a buried depth in the ground of 20 cm to 30 cm, and the second regulating tool after replacement is a hollow container having a diameter of 40 cm to 50 cm and a buried depth in the ground of 40 cm to 50 cm, as described in (5). Greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees. (7) A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees for cultivating fruit trees in greenhouses, a building in which the fruit tree cultivation room is provided; a first restriction device consisting of a lattice material installed above the fruit trees to restrict the height of the fruit trees; a second restricting device comprising a hollow container for accommodating the roots of the fruit tree and restricting the growth of the roots of the fruit tree; a third restricting device consisting of a wire stretched between the branches of the fruit trees and the lattice material or between the branches of the fruit trees and the ground, for restricting the direction in which the branches of the fruit trees extend; the fruit tree is an olive tree; The second regulating device is buried in the ground of the cultivation room with its upper end exposed so that the container containing the roots of the fruit tree together with soil inside can be replaced with a larger one according to the growth of the roots of the fruit tree, and the container can be turned according to the direction of sunlight; the buried container is rotated according to the direction of sunlight to regulate the change in the orientation of the fruit tree according to the sunlight of each season; the wire pulls the branches upward, downward or sideways, regulating the growth direction of the branches of the fruit tree so that, when viewed from above, the branches fit within a certain circular range centered on the hollow second regulating device and the branches grow radially without overlapping each other vertically or horizontally; and further, in a first stage of growth of the fruit tree, the wire is stretched between the branches of the fruit tree and the first regulating device to pull the branches upward, and in a second stage of growth of the fruit tree, the wire is stretched between the branches of the fruit tree and the ground to pull the branches downward; A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees, characterized in that the fruit trees are kept small, the amount of sunlight and ventilation are improved, and the orientation of the fruit trees can be easily changed to suit the amount of sunlight each season. (8) The certain circular range is a circular range having a diameter of 1.5 m to 2 m centered on the hollow second restricting tool, as described in (7). Greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees. (9) The first restricting tool is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, The second regulating tool is made of ceramic, and when the second regulating tool is replaced with one having a larger volume, the hollow container of the second regulating tool before replacement has a diameter of 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less and is buried in the ground to a depth of 20 cm or more and 30 cm or less, and the hollow container of the second regulating tool after replacement has a diameter of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less and is buried in the ground to a depth of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less. The greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees according to (8) above. (10) The third restricting device is stretched between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground made of the soil contained in the container, The greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees described in (7) above, wherein the third regulating device is stretched between each branch of the fruit tree and one point on the lattice material directly above the container. (11) The greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees described in (10) above, wherein the certain circular range is a circular range with a diameter of 1.5 m or more and 2 m or less, centered on the hollow second regulating device. (12) The first restricting tool is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, the second regulating tool is made of ceramic, and when the second regulating tool is replaced with one having a larger volume, the hollow container of the second regulating tool before replacement has a diameter of 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less, and is buried in the ground at a depth of 20 cm or more and 30 cm or less; The hollow container of the second regulating device after replacement has a diameter of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less, and is buried in the ground to a depth of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the greenhouse cultivation method and greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees of the present invention, by using a first restricting device for restricting the height of the fruit trees, a second restricting device for restricting root growth, and a third restricting device for restricting the direction of branch growth, it is possible to prevent damage to the fruit trees and to reduce the size of fruit trees for greenhouse cultivation without hindering their growth.The fruit trees can be one of olives, citrus fruits, persimmons, plums, peaches, plums, pears, apples, and grapes, and among these, olive trees are particularly suitable. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] An explanatory diagram of a greenhouse cultivation facility for olive trees. [Figure 2] Front cross-section illustrating the cultivation of olive trees in their growing state. [Figure 3] Plan view illustrating the cultivation of olive trees in their growing state. [Figure 4] A cross-sectional front view illustrating the cultivation of an olive tree in its mature state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention will be described in detail below. The matters set forth herein are for illustrative purposes only and are intended to provide an illustrative description of the embodiments of the present invention, with the aim of providing what is believed to be the most effective and easily understandable explanation of the principles and conceptual features of the present invention. In this respect, it is not intended to show structural details of the present invention beyond the extent necessary for a fundamental understanding of the present invention, and the description, taken together with the drawings, will make clear to those skilled in the art how some aspects of the present invention may be actually embodied.

[0010] The greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees of the present invention is a cultivation method for cultivating fruit trees in a greenhouse, comprising: a first restricting device provided above the fruit tree to restrict its height; a second restricting device provided at the base of the fruit tree to restrict the growth of the roots; and a third restricting device that is attached to the branch of the fruit tree and restricts the direction of growth of the branch, and a step of reducing the fruit tree to a shrub using the third restricting device (see FIG. 1). The fruit trees are not particularly limited, but examples include olives, citrus fruits, persimmons, plums, peaches, plums, pears, apples, and grapes. Examples of "citrus fruits" include lemons, mandarins, sudachi, kumquats, yuzu, oranges, and grapefruits. Furthermore, the "pear" includes both Japanese pears and European pears.

[0011] In the present invention, greenhouse cultivation refers to cultivation in a building with a cultivation room inside, i.e., an indoor cultivation area, as opposed to open-field cultivation, which is cultivation in an outdoor cultivation area such as a field. The main purpose of cultivating fruit trees such as olive trees (hereinafter also referred to as "olive trees, etc.") is to harvest their fruit. In order to achieve the above-mentioned cultivation of olive trees and the like in greenhouses, the present invention includes a step of transforming olive trees and the like into shrubs.

[0012] In other words, olive trees and other trees are tall trees that grow to a height (back height) of over 3m from the ground when fully grown, so cultivating them in a greenhouse is not practical because it would be costly to prepare a building with a cultivation room large enough to cultivate such tall trees. Furthermore, even if a building with a cultivation room capable of cultivating tall trees is prepared, there are drawbacks such as a low yield per unit area because the number of plants that can be cultivated is limited, and fruit harvesting is complicated because it requires work at high altitudes. Therefore, the purpose of the process of turning olive trees and other plants into shrubs is to make it possible to cultivate olive trees and other plants in buildings normally used for greenhouse cultivation, as well as to improve yield per unit area by increasing the number of plants that can be cultivated and to make fruit harvesting easier.

[0013] Specifically, olive trees and other shrubs can be grown to a height (back height) of 3 m or less from the ground when fully grown, preferably 2.5 m or less, and more preferably 2 m or less. The process of reducing olive trees to shrubs is carried out using a first restraining tool, a second restraining tool, and a third restraining tool, which are used to restrict the growth of olive trees.

[0014] The first restricting device is placed above the olive tree or the like to restrict its height (see Figure 2). This first restricting device mainly restricts the height (back height) of the olive tree or the like to within the range of a shrub during the period until the tree or the like is able to bear fruit, specifically during the period of growth until flower bud differentiation. That is, in the process of growing, olive trees and the like extend their trunks and branches upward to increase their height (height). The first restricting device is installed above the olive tree, in other words, in the path of the trunk as it grows upward, and restricts the height (height) of the olive tree, etc., by preventing and restricting the trunk and branches from growing upward when the height (height) of the olive tree, etc. exceeds the range of a shrub, specifically when it exceeds 3 meters.

[0015] Any type of first regulating device can be used as long as it is capable of regulating the height of olive trees, etc., and there are no particular limitations. However, since it will be installed above olive trees, etc., it is preferable that it be light-transmitting so as to maintain sufficient sunlight. Examples of such first restricting devices include lattice materials such as wire netting and wire mesh, mesh materials, punched materials, etc. Among these, lattice materials such as wire netting and wire mesh, if they have large meshes, do not block much light, and are lightweight, so they can be easily and stably installed above the olive trees, and are inexpensive and easily available, which helps prevent costs from rising.

[0016] The first restricting device will not restrict the growth of the olive tree, etc., as long as the height (back height) of the olive tree, etc. is within the range of a shrub, that is, until the trunk and branches reach the first restricting device installed above the olive tree, etc. In fact, the first restricting device can also assist the growth of the trunk and branches during the growth process of the olive tree, etc., when used in combination with the third restricting device, etc. Furthermore, the first restricting device can lower or raise the height of the olive tree, etc., depending on the position where it is installed above the olive tree, etc. In other words, the first restricting device can arbitrarily determine the height of the olive tree, etc.

[0017] The second restricting device restricts the growth of roots of olive trees, etc. (See Figures 2 and 4.) This second restricting device mainly restricts the growth of the trunk diameter of olive trees, etc. during the growth process of olive trees, etc. That is, during the growth process, olive trees and the like grow roots, which thicken the trunk and allow them to grow into tall trees. The second restricting device restricts root growth and suppresses the growth of the trunk, preventing the olive tree and the like from growing into a tall tree, thereby reducing the olive tree and the like into a shrub.

[0018] Any second restricting device can be used as long as it is capable of restricting the growth of roots of trees such as olive trees, and there are no particular restrictions on the type; however, it is preferable to use a hollow container to accommodate the roots so that the root growth can be appropriately restricted. That is, when a hollow container is used, the second restricting device can accommodate roots after soil has been placed inside the hollow container. In this case, root growth is not inhibited by the presence of soil, and the growth can be limited to a level according to the volume of the hollow container, thereby enabling root growth to be appropriately restricted.

[0019] Examples of hollow containers used in the second regulating tool include pots, boxes, etc. made of ceramic, resin, metal, etc. Among these, pots have excellent water retention properties, and ceramic pots in particular are preferred as hollow containers because they have excellent moisture-regulating properties such as moisture absorption and release and moisture retention. Furthermore, when a hollow container is used as the second restricting tool, the orientation of the olive tree or the like can be changed according to the growth rate of the olive tree or the amount of sunlight in each season. Furthermore, when a hollow container is used as the second restrictor, the hollow container can be placed on the ground of the cultivation room, which makes it easy to move olive trees or other plants inside the cultivation room and change their orientation to suit the amount of sunlight each season.

[0020] Olive trees and other trees require an average annual temperature of 14 to 16 degrees Celsius in their cultivation rooms, but they will not bear fruit unless they are exposed to a certain amount of cold. Although they can tolerate relatively low temperatures, they may suffer cold damage if exposed to temperatures below freezing, such as -10 degrees Celsius, for a long period of time. Therefore, the second restricting device can be buried in the soil of the cultivation room so that the environment around the roots of the olive tree, etc. is maintained at a desired temperature. In particular, when a ceramic pot is used as the hollow container for the second restricting device, its humidity control performance allows the environment around the roots of the olive tree, etc. to be maintained at a desired humidity.

[0021] The second restricting tool uses a hollow container, and allows the hollow container to be changed to one with a larger capacity in accordance with the growth of the roots, that is, repotting. In other words, the cultivation method of the present invention includes a step of replacing the hollow container with one of larger volume according to the growth of the roots of olive trees, etc., thereby regulating yet promoting root growth, and therefore allowing the degree of root growth to be determined as desired. Regarding the volume of the hollow container, when the olive tree or the like is in the seedling stage, that is, in the early stages of growth, the diameter of the hollow container can be about 10 cm to 20 cm, and the depth can be about 20 cm to 30 cm. Furthermore, with regard to the volume of the hollow container, if the olive tree or the like is in the final stage of its growth, the hollow container can have a diameter of about 40 cm to 60 cm and a depth of about 30 cm to 50 cm. Furthermore, in the growth process of olive trees and the like, the hollow containers can be replaced approximately every two years.

[0022] The third regulating tool regulates the direction in which the branches of the olive tree or the like grow, and can adjust the lateral spread and relative positions of the branches of the olive tree or the like (see FIGS. 2 to 4). In other words, the third restriction tool restricts the direction in which the branches of the olive tree or the like grow, and by shaping the tree, the olive tree or the like can be made into a shrub. Regarding the use of the third regulating device to turn olive trees and other trees into shrubs, this includes the ability to arbitrarily determine the height (back height) of olive trees and other trees by regulating the direction of branches that tend to grow upward and redirecting them to the side or downward (see Figure 4). Furthermore, with regard to the use of the third regulating device to turn olive trees and other trees into shrubs, this includes restricting the growth direction of branches that tend to grow horizontally and changing the direction of growth to an appropriate direction, thereby making it possible to arbitrarily determine the width of the olive trees and other trees (the diameter of the olive trees and other trees when viewed from above) (see Figure 3).

[0023] In addition, trees such as olive trees have buds that grow from their branches, and the branches that grow from them have leaf buds that only have leaves, and flower buds that only have flowers, and the direction in which these buds grow is fixed depending on the direction in which the original branch grows. Therefore, the third restricting tool restricts the direction in which the branch from which the sprout will emerge grows, and by adjusting that direction, for example by bending it, the direction in which the sprout will emerge can be determined as desired. Furthermore, if the buds emerging from the branches are flower buds, adjusting the direction in which the buds emerge can improve the air permeability of the branches that will develop from the flower buds, that is, the branches that will bear fruit.

[0024] Any third regulating device can be used as long as it can regulate the growth direction of the branches of trees such as olive trees, and although there are no particular limitations, wire, clips, jigs, etc. can be used. Specifically, it is preferable to use a wire material for the third restraining tool from the viewpoint of preventing the branches from breaking or being damaged. The wire material is not particularly limited, but examples include string, wire, and the like. Among these, string is particularly easy to obtain, easy to use, and has a soft contact with the branches, making it possible to preferably prevent the branches from breaking or being damaged.

[0025] When a wire is used as the third restricting tool, the wire is stretched between the branch and the lattice material, or between the branch and the ground. That is, when a wire is used as the third restriction tool, the wire can restrict the direction in which the branch extends by pulling the branch in any direction in which the branch is desired to extend. Furthermore, when a wire is used as the third regulating device, the ground to which one end is fixed can be the ground of the cultivation room, or the ground can be made of soil contained in the second regulating device 12.

[0026] Hereinafter, greenhouse cultivation of fruit trees using the above-mentioned cultivation method will be described, taking as an example the greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees such as olive trees of the present invention. The greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees of the present invention is for cultivating fruit trees such as olive trees in a greenhouse, a building in which the fruit tree cultivation room is provided; a first restriction device consisting of a lattice material installed above the fruit trees to restrict the height of the fruit trees; a second restricting device comprising a hollow container for accommodating the roots of the fruit tree and restricting the growth of the roots of the fruit tree; a third restriction device consisting of a wire stretched between the branches of the fruit trees and the lattice material or between the branches of the fruit trees and the ground, which restricts the direction in which the branches of the fruit trees grow; (See FIG. 1.)

[0027] As shown in Figure 1, the greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees (hereinafter simply referred to as "facility") has a building 10 inside which is provided a cultivation room for olive trees OL (also meaning "fruit trees OL"). The building 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of cultivating fruit trees in a greenhouse, but specific examples include a vinyl greenhouse, a greenhouse, etc. In the cultivation room within the building 10, a plurality of olive trees OL are cultivated. An existing vinyl greenhouse, a greenhouse, or the like can be used for the building 10. The building 10 can also be equipped with equipment found in existing vinyl greenhouses, greenhouses, and the like, such as ventilation equipment such as a ventilator fan and ventilation curtains, various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a CO2 sensor, and an illuminance sensor, a control device for controlling the environment of the cultivation room, irrigation equipment, and insect netting. Furthermore, taking advantage of the fact that the olive trees are grown in a greenhouse, bees may be released into the building 10, for example, when pollinating the olive trees OL.

[0028] A first restraining tool 11 is installed above the olive trees OL in a cultivation room within the building 10. This first restraining tool 11 is made of a lattice material constructed by laying metal wires in a lattice pattern above the olive trees OL (see FIG. 3). When the olive tree OL tries to grow upward in the process of growth, the first restricting tool 11 blocks this upward growth, thereby keeping the height (back height) low.

[0029] The height H of the first restricting device 11 from the ground G of the cultivation room can be set according to the desired height (back height) of the olive tree OL. This height H can be set to 3 m or less to allow the olive tree OL to grow into a shrub. However, from the viewpoint of growing the olive tree OL to a size sufficient to bear fruit, the height H is preferably set to 1.5 m or more. Furthermore, the height H of the first restricting tool 11 can be changed depending on the growth stage of the olive tree OL. For example, if the olive tree OL is still a seedling, that is, in the early stages of growth, the height H can be set to about 2 m. Alternatively, the height H of the first regulating device 11 can be set to, for example, approximately 2.2 m to 2.5 m, so that it matches the height (back height) of the olive tree OL according to the purpose, such as eliminating the need for scaffolding when harvesting the fruit.

[0030] In the cultivation room within the building 10, a second restricting tool 12 is provided below the olive tree OL. This second restricting tool 12 is made of a hollow container that contains the roots of the olive tree OL and restricts the growth of the roots. In other words, by storing the roots of the olive tree OL in a hollow container, the roots cannot grow beyond the volume of the hollow container, and root growth can be regulated.By regulating root growth, the thickness of the trunk of the olive tree OL can be adjusted, allowing it to become a shrub.

[0031] Furthermore, the hollow container used for the second restricting tool 12 is preferably buried in the soil in a cultivation room within the building 10. When the hollow container used for the second restricting tool 12 is buried in the soil in this way, the temperature around the roots of the olive trees OL can be maintained within a substantially constant range, and the occurrence of cold damage can be suppressed. The hollow container used in the second restriction tool 12 can be replaced with one with a larger capacity depending on the growth of the olive tree OL. When the olive tree OL grows from a seedling to a certain size, that is, in the early to middle stages of growth, the hollow container can have a diameter R of 10 cm to 20 cm and be buried to a depth D of 20 cm to 30 cm in the soil (see Figure 2). Furthermore, at the stage when the olive tree OL grows from a certain size to fruiting, i.e., in the middle to late stages of growth, the hollow container can have a diameter R of 40 cm to 50 cm and be buried to a depth D in the soil of 40 cm to 50 cm (see Figure 4).

[0032] A third restricting device 13 is attached to the branches of the olive tree OL in the cultivation room inside the building 10. This third restricting device 13 is made of a wire tied to the branch of the olive tree OL and restricts the direction in which the branch grows. In other words, the branches of the olive tree OL can be pulled by the wire to guide their growth direction and place them in any desired position. By regulating the growth direction of the branches, the olive tree OL can adjust its tree shape, that is, its height and lateral spread, and can be made into a shrub.

[0033] The wire used in the third regulating device 13 can be stretched between the branches and the lattice material (first regulating device 11), or between the branches and the ground (the ground G of the cultivation room or the ground made of soil contained in a hollow container used in the second regulating device 12), depending on the degree of growth of the olive tree OL. In other words, when the olive tree OL grows from a seedling to a certain size, that is, in the early to middle stages of growth, it is preferable that the wire used for the third regulating device 13 be stretched between the branch and the lattice material (first regulating device 11) (see Figures 2 and 3). In this case, the branches of the olive tree OL are pulled upward by the wire (third restriction tool 13), thereby preventing the branches from becoming upside down or the like (see FIG. 2). In addition, the branches of the olive tree OL are pulled horizontally so that they do not overlap each other vertically when viewed in a plane, which prevents them from becoming inward-growing branches or crossing branches (see Figure 3).

[0034] As shown in Figure 3, it is preferable that the branches of the olive tree OL are pulled with a wire (third control device 13) so that, when viewed in a plan view, their extension direction is radial from the hollow container (second control device 12) and falls within the circular range indicated by the dotted line in the figure. In this case, the branches do not overlap each other vertically or horizontally, which improves the amount of sunlight and ventilation. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the olive trees OL to shrubs, the diameter of the circular area indicated by the chain line in Figure 3 can be set to 2 m or less, preferably 1.5 to 2 m. In this case, the lateral spread of the branches of the olive trees OL can be kept to 2 m or less in plan view, which makes it possible to optimize the number of olive trees cultivated per unit area and the yield of fruit. If the horizontal spread of the branches of an olive tree (OL) is kept within 2m in plan view, the number of trees cultivated per unit area is 1 tsubo (approximately 3.3m 2 ) and the yield can be approximately 15 kg per tree.

[0035] During the stage when the olive tree OL grows from a certain size to fruiting, i.e., the middle to late stages of growth, it is preferable that the wire used in the third restraining device 13 is stretched between the branch and the ground (the ground made of soil contained in the second restraining device 12) (see Figure 4). In this case, the branches of the olive tree OL are pulled downward by the wire (third restriction tool 13), thereby improving ventilation to the branches bearing fruit (see FIG. 4). In particular, by pulling fruit-bearing branches downward with a wire (third regulating device 13) and positioning them at a low position, scaffolding is no longer required during fruit harvesting work, thereby improving work efficiency. Furthermore, when one end of the wire used in the third regulating device 13 is connected to the soil ground contained in the second regulating device 12, the orientation of the olive tree OL can be easily changed to suit the amount of sunlight in each season. [Industrial Applicability]

[0036] The greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees such as olive trees and the greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees such as olive trees of the present invention enable greenhouse cultivation by reducing fruit trees such as olive trees to shrubs without interfering with their growth, and are highly useful in the cultivation of fruits such as olives. [Explanation of symbols]

[0037] 10;Building, 11; First restrictor, 12; second restrictor, 13; Third control device, OL: Olive tree (fruit tree).

Claims

1. A greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees, comprising: a first restriction device provided above the fruit tree to restrict its height; a second restricting device provided at the base of the fruit tree to restrict the growth of the roots; a third restricting device that is provided on the branch of the fruit tree and restricts the direction of growth of the branch, the fruit tree is an olive tree; the first restriction tool is formed of a lattice material installed above the fruit tree, the second regulating device is a hollow container for accommodating the roots of the fruit trees, and the method includes a step of replacing the container with one having a larger capacity according to the growth of the roots of the fruit trees, burying the container with the roots of the fruit trees and soil inside in the ground of the cultivation room with its upper end exposed so that the orientation of the container can be changed according to the direction of sunlight, and rotating the buried container according to the direction of sunlight to regulate the change in orientation of the fruit trees according to the sunlight of each season, the third restricting device is constituted by a wire stretched between the branch of the fruit tree and the first restricting device and / or between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground, and the method comprises the step of pulling the branch upward, downward or sideways with the wire, and restricting the extension direction of the branch so that, when the fruit tree is viewed from above, the branch fits within a certain circular range centered on the hollow second restricting device, and the branches extend radially from the second restricting device centered without overlapping each other in the vertical and horizontal directions, a step of stretching the third restricting device between the branch of the fruit tree and the first restricting device to pull the branch upward during a first stage of growth of the fruit tree, and stretching the third restricting device between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground to pull the branch downward during a second stage of growth of the fruit tree, A greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees, characterized by making the fruit trees shrubs, improving the amount of sunlight and ventilation, and facilitating the orientation of the fruit trees to suit the amount of sunlight each season.

2. A greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees as described in Claim 1, wherein the certain circular range is a circular range with a diameter of 1.5 m or more and 2 m or less, centered on the hollow second regulating device.

3. The first regulating device is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, The method for cultivating fruit trees in a greenhouse as described in claim 2, wherein the second regulating device is made of ceramic, and when the second regulating device is replaced with one having a larger volume, the second regulating device before replacement is a hollow container having a diameter of 10 cm to 20 cm and a depth of burial in the ground of 20 cm to 30 cm, and the second regulating device after replacement is a hollow container having a diameter of 40 cm to 50 cm and a depth of burial in the ground of 40 cm to 50 cm.

4. The step of pulling the branch downward includes stretching the third restricting device between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground made of soil contained in the container, 2. The method for cultivating fruit trees in a greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the step of pulling the branches upward comprises stretching the wire between each branch of the fruit tree and one point on the lattice material directly above the container.

5. A greenhouse cultivation method for fruit trees as described in Claim 4, wherein the certain circular range is a circular range with a diameter of 1.5 m or more and 2 m or less, centered on the hollow second regulating device.

6. The first regulating device is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, The method for cultivating fruit trees in a greenhouse as described in claim 5, wherein the second regulating device is made of ceramic, and when the second regulating device is replaced with one having a larger volume, the second regulating device before replacement is a hollow container having a diameter of 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less and a buried depth in the ground of 20 cm or more and 30 cm or less, and the second regulating device after replacement is a hollow container having a diameter of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less and a buried depth in the ground of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less.

7. A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees for cultivating fruit trees in greenhouses, a building in which the fruit tree cultivation room is provided; a first restriction device comprising a lattice material installed above the fruit trees to restrict the height of the fruit trees; a second restricting device comprising a hollow container for accommodating the roots of the fruit tree and restricting the growth of the roots of the fruit tree; a third restricting device consisting of a wire stretched between the branches of the fruit trees and the lattice material or between the branches of the fruit trees and the ground, for restricting the direction in which the branches of the fruit trees extend; the fruit tree is an olive tree; The second restricting device is buried in the ground of the cultivation room with its upper end exposed so that the container containing the roots of the fruit tree together with soil inside can be replaced with a larger one according to the growth of the roots of the fruit tree, and the orientation of the container can be changed according to the direction of sunlight. The buried container is rotated according to the direction of sunlight to restrict the change in orientation of the fruit tree according to the sunlight of each season. The wire pulls the branches upward, downward or sideways, and restricts the growth direction of the branches of the fruit tree so that, when viewed from above, the branches fit within a certain circular range centered on the hollow second restricting device and the branches grow radially without overlapping each other vertically or horizontally. Furthermore, in a first stage of growth of the fruit tree, the wire is stretched between the branches of the fruit tree and the first restricting device to pull the branches upward, and in a second stage of growth of the fruit tree, the wire is stretched between the branches of the fruit tree and the ground to pull the branches downward. A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees, characterized in that the fruit trees are kept small, the amount of sunlight and ventilation are improved, and the orientation of the fruit trees can be easily changed to suit the amount of sunlight each season.

8. A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees as described in Claim 7, wherein the certain circular range is a circular range with a diameter of 1.5 m or more and 2 m or less, centered on the hollow second regulating device.

9. The first regulating device is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees as described in claim 8, wherein the second regulating device is made of ceramic, and when the second regulating device is replaced with one having a larger volume, the hollow container of the second regulating device before replacement has a diameter of 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less and is buried in the ground to a depth of 20 cm or more and 30 cm or less, and the hollow container of the second regulating device after replacement has a diameter of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less and is buried in the ground to a depth of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less.

10. The third restricting device is stretched between the branch of the fruit tree and the ground made of soil contained in the container, 8. The greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees according to claim 7, wherein the third restricting device is stretched between each branch of the fruit tree and one location on the lattice material directly above the container.

11. A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees as described in Claim 10, wherein the certain circular range is a circular range with a diameter of 1.5 m or more and 2 m or less, centered on the hollow second regulating device.

12. The first restricting device is installed at a height of 1.5 m or more and 3 m or less from the ground, the second regulating tool is made of ceramic, and when the second regulating tool is replaced with one having a larger volume, the hollow container of the second regulating tool before replacement has a diameter of 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less, and is buried in the ground to a depth of 20 cm or more and 30 cm or less; A greenhouse cultivation facility for fruit trees as described in claim 11, wherein the hollow container of the second regulating device after replacement has a diameter of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less and is buried in the ground to a depth of 40 cm or more and 50 cm or less.

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