Electrostatic adhesive systems and interfaces for textiles

Abstract

The electrostatic adhesive clutch can be coupled to the textile. The clutch can include a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member and a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member overlapping the first conductive member. In one example, the clutch includes or uses a resilient housing within which the first and second electrode assemblies are disposed. The resilient housing can form a first bond with the first conductive member at a first location of the resilient housing and a second bond with the second conductive member adjacent a second location of the resilient housing different from the first location.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 132,265, filed December 30, 2020, and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 164,221, filed March 22, 2021, the contents of both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. [Background technology]

[0002] Apparel, such as bras, tops, bottoms, tights, leggings, underwear, hats or other head coverings, can be constructed to support the wearer during various activities. Such apparel can be configured to accommodate different body sizes and shapes and can be tailored for specific activities. Some apparel may have limited adjustability or adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The inventors have recognized a need for improved fit and function in apparel, particularly bras, tights, and various other garments, undergarments, or base layers (also referred to herein as support garments), hats, helmets, head covers, footwear, and other apparel, such as adaptive bras that can be adapted to an individual's body shape and automatically or manually adjust to various dynamic conditions (e.g., changes in activity level).

[0004] For example, an adaptive bra can be variably adjusted across settings ranging from maximum comfort to maximum breast support as the wearer transitions from rest to vigorous exercise. Adaptive bras can also utilize automatic adjustment mechanisms coupled to motion sensors to dynamically adjust to counter unwanted breast movement during activities such as running. Adaptive apparel, such as adaptive tights, athletic supports, or other items described below, can also provide dynamic support that may improve performance or reduce the likelihood of injury. Adjustable compression sleeves can aid recovery or support anatomy during specific activities. Many examples of the various support apparel presented herein are described in the following disclosure.

[0005] As used herein, the term "support garment" is intended to include any number of support garments, such as bras, sports bras, tank tops, camisoles with built-in support, swim tops, bodysuits, base layers, tights, compression pants, athletic supports, and other styles or types of support garments used to support body tissue (e.g., breast tissue) and / or other parts of the wearer's anatomy. Support garments may also include undergarments, tights, leggings, base layers (e.g., form-fitting tops and bottoms), and sleeves, among others. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "support region" is intended to encompass any type of structure intended to contact or be positioned adjacent to other parts of the wearer's anatomy, including, but not limited to, the wearer's breasts and / or genitalia, when the support garment is worn. In exemplary embodiments, for a typical wearer, the support garment comprises a first breast-contacting surface configured to be positioned adjacent to, for example, the wearer's right breast, and a second breast-contacting surface configured to be positioned adjacent to, for example, the wearer's left breast. In exemplary embodiments, the support garment comprises separate, individual (e.g., molded or unmolded) cups, each cup including a breast-contacting surface and configured to cover or encapsulate an individual breast, or the support garment may be comprised of a single or continuous band of material that contacts both of the wearer's breasts. In one example, the support garment may include, for example, a male cup-contacting surface configured to contact or be positioned adjacent to the wearer's lower genitalia. While most of the examples described herein relate to adaptive bras, the principles may be applied to a variety of other support garments, including, but not limited to, compression tights, compression sleeves, or athletic supports (commonly referred to as jockstraps or cups).

[0006] The inventors have also recognized a need to dynamically modify the support provided by certain support garments based on, among other things, changes in activity level. The need to modify support arises from long-term comfort and improved functionality during activity. Accordingly, the systems and methods described herein include activity sensors, such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), global positioning sensors (GPS), or heart rate monitors, in communication with control circuitry that sends commands to adaptive support garments including an adaptive engine, facilitating automatic changes in support in response to detected changes in activity level, or changes in position, or acceleration or deceleration. These systems can provide wearers with all-day comfort without compromising performance. Without the systems, methods, and devices described herein, wearers might need to change or manually adjust their support garments multiple times to accommodate different activities.

[0007] Activity sensors as described herein may include any sensor that provides an indication of a user's physical activity level and any sensor that provides an indication of the force (e.g., dynamic or static) applied to the adaptive support garment during use. Sensors may be incorporated into the adaptive support garment to provide data regarding the force applied to a portion of the support structure, such as a strap, lace, cable, or area of ​​fabric. Specific sensors, such as strain gauges and stretch capacitance sensors, are described below.

[0008] The inventors have recognized that, among other things, problems to be solved include managing or avoiding the buildup of bulk charge in electrostatic or electrostatic adhesive systems. These problems may include driving such systems with relatively large voltage signals and avoiding dielectric absorption in the electrodes or dielectric components of the system itself. These problems may also include reducing power consumption and minimizing the risk of stray electric fields or currents in or near the system. These problems may also include providing a clutch system that can rapidly actuate to prevent or suppress vibrations, rapid changes, or repetitive physical movements. These problems may include charging and discharging the clutch system over thousands or millions of cycles, for example, at rates of at least about 100 cycles per minute or greater, without degradation of clutch or shear forces over time. In other words, these problems may include providing a robust clutch system that can actuate multiple times in rapid succession.

[0009] This section is intended to provide an overview of the subject matter of this patent application. It is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive description of the invention. The inclusion of the detailed description provides further information.

[0010] To easily identify any particular element or description of an operation, the most significant digit(s) in a reference number refers to the figure number in which that element first appears. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of a portion of a system that may include an adaptive support garment; Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of a portion of a system that may include an adaptive support garment; and Figure 1C is a schematic block diagram of some components of an adaptive support system. [Figure 2]Figures 2A, 2B, and 2C are schematic top and side views of a first electrostatic adhesive clutch system, respectively, and are schematic views of an example of a portion of the first clutch system. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of an example electrostatic adhesion system that may include or be equipped with a first clutch system. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of a second clutch system. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of a first clutch control method. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of several exemplary charts graphically illustrating examples of clutch system control. [Figure 7] 7A-7C are exemplary cross-sectional schematic views of different electrode assemblies for clutch systems. [Figure 8] 8A-8B are exemplary schematic top views of different electrode assemblies for a clutch system. [Figure 9A] 1A-1D are exemplary schematic top views of various electrode assembly components or assemblies. [Figure 9B] 1A-1D are exemplary schematic top views of various electrode assembly components or assemblies. [Figure 9C] 1A-1D are exemplary schematic top views of various electrode assembly components or assemblies. [Figure 9D] 1A-1D are exemplary schematic top views of various electrode assembly components or assemblies. [Figure 10A] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary encapsulant for an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. [Figure 10B] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary encapsulant for an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. [Figure 10C] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary encapsulant for an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. [Figure 10D] 10A-10C show an embodiment of a tube having a clutch operation indicator. [Figure 10E]1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary electroluminescent display. [Figure 11] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary storage method. [Figure 12A] 10A-10C are diagrams including simplified exemplary side profiles of a bonding interface between a conductive member and an encapsulant of a clutch device. [Figure 12B] 10A-10C are diagrams including simplified exemplary side profiles of a bonding interface between a conductive member and an encapsulant of a clutch device. [Figure 12C] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12D] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12E] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12F] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12G] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12H] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12I] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12J] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 12K] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method for interfacing an electrode assembly with a substrate. [Figure 13A] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing. [Figure 13B] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing. [Figure 13C] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary garment control unit. [Figure 13D] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams of various exemplary clothing items. [Figure 13E] 1A-1C are schematic diagrams of various exemplary clothing items. [Figure 14] 1A-1D are schematic diagrams of exemplary support garment assemblies and methods of use. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary first diagram showing tissue displacement and acceleration information. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary second view showing tissue displacement and acceleration information. [Figure 17] 1A-1C include an electrostatic adhesive system configured for use in footwear, according to some embodiments. [Figure 18A] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing having one or more apertures controlled by an electrostatic adhesive clutch. [Figure 18B] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing having one or more apertures controlled by an electrostatic adhesive clutch. [Figure 18C] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing having one or more apertures controlled by an electrostatic adhesive clutch. [Figure 18D] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing having one or more apertures controlled by an electrostatic adhesive clutch. [Figure 18E] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing having one or more apertures controlled by an electrostatic adhesive clutch. [Figure 18F] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing having one or more apertures controlled by an electrostatic adhesive clutch. [Figure 18G] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing having one or more apertures controlled by an electrostatic adhesive clutch. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ventilation method. [Figure 20] Figure 20A illustrates an exemplary article of clothing in a relaxed configuration, Figure 20B illustrates an exemplary article of clothing in an extended configuration, and Figure 20C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of an article of clothing with a clutch system. [Figure 21]Figures 21A, 21B, and 21C illustrate an exemplary clutch system for use in or with a sleeve of a clothing article. [Figure 22A] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary article of clothing including a pocket having access controllable by an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. [Figure 22B] 10A-10C are schematic diagrams of open pockets showing electrode configurations for use with electrostatic adhesive clutch devices. [Figure 23] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary computing device capable of implementing aspects of the various techniques discussed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The following description describes systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products illustrating example embodiments of the present subject matter. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various embodiments of the present subject matter. However, it will be apparent that embodiments of the present subject matter can be practiced without some or other of these specific details. The examples are merely representative of possible variations. Unless expressly stated otherwise, structures (e.g., structural components such as modules, devices, systems, or components thereof) may be arbitrarily combined or subdivided, and operations (e.g., in procedures, algorithms, or other functions) may be reordered or combined or subdivided.

[0013] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein may include or employ an electrostatic adhesive device usable, for example, as a clutch. A clutch, as used herein, generally refers to a device that can be selectively or controllably actuated to achieve a particular one of a plurality of different states or configurations, including at least an "on" and an "off" state. For example, in the "on" state, one or more components of the clutch may maintain a particular orientation, shape, or configuration, e.g., relative to at least one other component of the clutch. In the "off" state, one or more components of the clutch may be relaxed or released, e.g., to provide a relatively flexible configuration in which one or more components of the device can move relative to another component of the clutch.

[0014] In one example, the clutch can be coupled to or integrated with another object, such as an article of clothing or a machine. In one example, a clutch system or device can include a first electrode assembly including a first conductive portion at least partially covered by a first dielectric insulator and a second electrode assembly including a second conductive portion at least partially covered by a second dielectric insulator. The clutch can include an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second conductive portions of the electrode assemblies, respectively, where the first and second signals can include respective opposite polarity portions of an alternating current (AC) signal. The first and second electrode assemblies can be arranged in an at least partially overlapping configuration, for example, on or along respective surfaces including the first and second dielectric insulators. When the AC signal is asserted and applied to the conductive portions of the electrode assemblies, relative movement between the electrode assemblies can be inhibited or prevented. When the AC signal is not asserted or removed from the conductive portions of the electrode assemblies, relative movement between the electrode assemblies is permitted.

[0015] Consequently, technical challenges that may include, among others, managing or avoiding bulk charge or dielectric absorption in electrostatic or electrostatic adhesive systems can be addressed by using AC drive signal(s) instead of using DC drive signals that may adversely affect the dielectric absorption effect and, in turn, the performance of the clutch system.

[0016] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein may include or employ an electrostatic adhesive device, which may include, for example, a clutch device comprising a planar conductive member and a housing encasing at least a portion of the conductive member. The housing may include, among other things, a flexible polymer substrate disposed adjacent to at least a first surface of the conductive member, a dielectric member having a first portion disposed adjacent to an opposing second surface of the conductive member, and a second portion disposed adjacent to a first side edge of the conductive member and bonded to the flexible polymer substrate.

[0017] Technical challenges, which may include, among other things, limiting or preventing stray electric fields or currents from escaping from a clutch device, can be addressed, at least in part, by using hardware such as a housing for one or more conductive members of the clutch device. The housing can include one or more different materials, which may have, for example, different dielectric properties, and in some instances, can partially or completely encapsulate the conductive members.

[0018] The electrostatic adhesive device or components thereof may be suitable for use with textiles and other materials, including clothing articles. That is, the device or components thereof may be configured to conform to body parts, such as appendages, and flex without breaking. For example, the device or components thereof may be configured to curve, mold, and / or adapt to various shapes and configurations of a user's body while the user is exercising. In some embodiments, the flexibility of the device or components thereof is measured by the bend modulus (or flexural modulus), a standardized measure of stiffness when a force is applied to a material. As described herein, a flexible material is flexible as defined by ASTM D790 or ISO 178. The flexural modulus, for example, measures a material's ability to bend in megapascals (N / mm). 2 ) is a measure of a material's stiffness when a force is applied perpendicular to the long dimension of the sample, known as a three-point bending test. Materials lacking stiffness are characterized as flexible. Flexural modulus is represented by the slope of the initial linear portion of the stress-strain curve and is calculated by dividing the change in stress by the corresponding change in strain. The ratio of stress to strain is a measure of flexural modulus. The various components of the electrostatic adhesive devices discussed herein can use materials such as polyethylene terephthalate or acrylonitrile butadiene with flexural moduli between 0.3 and 10 MPa.

[0019] Furthermore, the inventors have identified the challenge of maintaining the operational integrity of electrostatic adhesive systems, particularly in situations involving wet environments. Electrostatic adhesive systems used to block or dampen body movement vibrations can be positioned near the body of a wearer, and protective mechanisms can be provided to isolate the electrostatic adhesive system from the wearer, who is prone to generating sweat, tears, environmental moisture such as rain, sleet, snow, or fog, and water-based liquids.

[0020] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein may include or utilize an electrostatic adhesive device, such as a clutch, with one or more components disposed within a waterproof enclosure. Electronic devices may benefit from a mechanism that prevents water or moisture from entering or contacting sensitive areas or components of the electronic device. Furthermore, the waterproof enclosure may be flexible to allow the electrostatic adhesive device to be movable and may be configurable to integrate with an article of clothing.

[0021] For example, the electrostatic adhesive clutch device within the waterproof enclosure can be attached to various articles of clothing, including sports bras, tights, and athletic supports, which are susceptible to sweat and moisture, and benefit from the flexibility provided by the enclosure as well as the selective movement provided by the electrostatic adhesive clutch.

[0022] Consequently, technical challenges that may involve, among other things, electronic devices that are sensitive to water or moisture, can be at least partially addressed by encasing the electronic devices within a waterproof and flexible encapsulation. The encapsulation can include one or more different materials, and in some instances, can partially or completely encapsulate the conductive members of the clutch device.

[0023] The article of clothing may also include an accelerometer disposed within the storage. The accelerometer is configured to measure movement of a body to which the electrostatic adhesive clutch device is coupled, and the electrical signal generator is configured to generate a signal based on the measured movement. The accelerometer may be configured to measure a magnitude of acceleration of at least a portion of the clutch device, and the electrical signal generator is configured to generate a signal having a magnitude and / or frequency characteristic based at least in part on the magnitude of the acceleration.

[0024] The inventors have recognized that another problem to be solved involves managing the cyclical up-and-down movement of body weight during exercise. Repetitive exercise can cause strain on the body, resulting in physical damage and associated pain. Specifically, when breasts experience cyclical, repetitive motion without proper support, Cooper's ligaments found in breast tissue can become strained. Furthermore, if Cooper's ligaments become strained or torn, or otherwise fail to support breast tissue, sagging of the breasts can occur over time.

[0025] Furthermore, the male reproductive organs undergo similar cyclical movements that cause damage to the organs after prolonged exercise, which can also cause pain. Similar pain can also be experienced in other parts of the human body, such as the feet, knees, elbows, and back.

[0026] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein may include or employ an electrostatic adhesive clutch, such as an article of clothing having a support region configured to selectively tighten and loosen. The article of clothing may include, among other things, a fabric layer for the support region, a strap that houses the electrostatic adhesive clutch, and a signal generator that provides one or more signals to the electrostatic adhesive clutch.

[0027] As a result, technical challenges that may include, among other things, limiting or preventing bouncing and bouncing of body weight, for example, during physical activity, can be at least partially addressed through the use of hardware such as electrostatic adhesive clutches in combination with clothing articles having support areas that can be selectively tightened and loosened to provide adjustable support for body weight.

[0028] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein may include or employ an electrostatic adhesive device within a support garment for a wearer. The support garment may include a textile layer forming a support region configured to adjustably constrain displacement of a wearer's body portion located proximate the support region. The support garment may also include a hollow strap attached to a portion of the textile layer that houses an electrostatic adhesive clutch. The electrostatic adhesive clutch includes a first electrode assembly, a second electrode assembly separate from the first electrode assembly, and an electrical signal generator. The electrical signal generator supplies one or more signals to the first and second electrode assemblies to cause the electrostatic adhesive clutch device to selectively adjust the amount by which the support garment tolerates displacement of a body portion located proximate the support region. The support garment may be a sports bra, and the support region may be a cup of the sports bra. In some embodiments, the hollow strap is a first hollow strap that houses a first electrostatic adhesive clutch, and the support garment includes a second hollow strap that houses a second electrostatic adhesive clutch. Each electrostatic adhesive clutch is secured to first and second portions of the fabric layer that form the support region.

[0029] The support garment may also include a signal generator configured to provide one or more electrical signals to the first and / or second electrostatic adhesive clutches. The first and second clutches selectively adjust the amount by which the support garment tolerates or inhibits displacement of the body part. In one example, the actuation of the first and second clutches can be adjusted so that they are energized or de-energized substantially simultaneously. The support garment may be an athletic supporter having a hollow strap affixed to the right side of the fabric layer forming the support region and a second hollow strap affixed to the left side of the fabric layer. Clutch electrodes disposed in each hollow strap can be individually controllable to selectively adjust the amount by which the support garment tolerates displacement of the body part. In some embodiments, the support garment may include a displacement sensor for each strap configured to measure the change in length or displacement of the strap. In some embodiments, the straps are waterproof.

[0030] In some embodiments, the support garment includes an accelerometer configured to measure the movement of the electrostatic adhesive clutch, or the garment or body to which the clutch is engaged, and generate one or more signals based on the measured movement. The support garment can be configured to activate or hold a particular position or orientation when the wearer reaches or exceeds a threshold acceleration or velocity, and may be configured to relax when the wearer falls below the threshold.

[0031] Another problem to be solved involves maintaining the optimal body temperature of a wearer of a clothing article under various stressful conditions, including exercise, lounging, and travel. Changing between different clothing articles to adapt to specific environments can be tedious and wasteful. A wearer may be faced with the challenge of deciding which clothing article to wear for each activity and / or environment. A wearer who wants to board a plane after a long run may need to decide between tight-fitting running apparel and comfortable loungewear.

[0032] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein can include or use an electrostatic adhesive device within an article of clothing. The article of clothing includes a textile with an aperture coupled to an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. That is, the clutch device, or components thereof, can be integrated within the article of clothing and configured to selectively allow the aperture to open and close or to maintain the aperture in a closed configuration. The article of clothing can include an electrical signal generator configured to send one or more signals to the electrostatic adhesive clutch device to selectively open and / or close the aperture.

[0033] As a result, technical challenges that may include, among other things, heat retention or sweating within garments that are not sufficiently breathable can be addressed by using articles of clothing having, for example, electrostatic adhesive clutch device systems that selectively control apertures to provide airflow to the wearer.

[0034] Incorporating electronic devices into wearable articles can pose various challenges. Wearable articles can be susceptible to getting wet due to environmental conditions, sweat from a wearer engaging in physical activity, and washing, among other moisture sources. While encapsulating such electronic devices in a waterproof encapsulant can isolate the electronic components from moisture, physically integrating the electronic components into the wearable article without compromising the waterproof encapsulant or damaging the electronic components can present challenges.

[0035] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein may include or employ an electrostatic adhesive clutch fixed to a textile. First and second electrode assemblies, each having a first and second conductive member, are housed within an elastic housing. The elastic housing forms a first bond with the first conductive member at a first location within the elastic housing and a second bond with a second conductive member adjacent to the second location within the elastic housing, different from the first location. The formation of the bond between the first and second conductive members and the elastic housing contributes to maintaining the housing without compromising the integrity of the first and second conductive members.

[0036] Clothing articles, such as hats and sleeves, may not be utilized in consistent situations. For example, a hat may be worn both while engaging in vigorous activity, where a relatively tight or snug fit is advantageous to prevent the hat from falling off the wearer's head, and while engaging in non-vigorous activity, such as walking or sitting, where comfort is more desirable. Furthermore, such clothing articles may be provided in a "one size fits all" configuration, where a single size is adapted to fit a variety of head sizes. However, such a configuration may make the hat uncomfortable, particularly for relatively large or relatively small heads.

[0037] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein may include or employ a textile fabric forming an opening configured to receive a portion of a wearer's body and an electrostatic adhesive clutch secured to the textile fabric and extending around at least a portion of the opening. The electrostatic adhesive clutch is configured to inhibit an increase in size of the opening when one or more signals, such as a first signal and a second signal, are applied to an electrode assembly of the clutch, and to allow the opening to increase in size when the one or more signals are not applied. As a result, the article of clothing may be adaptable to a variety of use cases and a variety of different physical attributes of wearers of the article of clothing.

[0038] In one example, a solution to one or more of the technical problems discussed herein can include or use an electrostatic adhesive device having a first electrode assembly and a second electrode assembly. The first electrode assembly includes a first conductive member and a first polymer substrate applied to the first conductive member, the first polymer substrate having a stiffness greater than that of the first conductive member. The second electrode assembly includes a second conductive member and a second polymer substrate applied to the second conductive member, the second polymer substrate having a stiffness greater than that of the second conductive member, the first and second conductive members being proximate to each other and the first and second polymer substrates being distal to each other.

[0039] Consequently, technical challenges, which may include, among other things, the tendency of the first and second conductive members to bend or fold as they slide relative to one another, can be addressed, for example, by applying a polymer substrate to the first and second conductive members. The polymer substrate can also reduce wear on the first and second conductive members by preventing friction by the first and second conductive members against surrounding structures, such as waterproof enclosures. By applying the first and second polymer substrates so that the first and second conductive members are in close proximity to one another, the first and second conductive members can still function as an electrostatic adhesive device, while reducing the likelihood of damage to the first and second conductive members.

[0040] The adaptive support apparel system dynamically alters the fit and support of an adaptive support garment (e.g., a bra or tights) in response to activity data obtained from one or more sensors worn by a user. The adaptive support system can include components integrated into various wearable items, such as footwear, watches, or support apparel. In certain examples, the adaptive support system can be controlled via a smartphone, smartwatch, or similar wearable computing device that wirelessly communicates with other components of the system. In other examples, the adaptive support system is controlled by circuitry built into components integrated into the adaptive support apparel and / or footwear. The following drawings illustrate exemplary systems and describe at least some variations envisioned by the inventors.

[0041] 1A-1B illustrate a system including an adaptive support garment and associated electronics, according to some exemplary embodiments. In this example, adaptive support apparel system 1 includes components such as adaptive support garment 10, footwear assembly 20, and smartwatch 30. Optionally, adaptive support apparel system 1 can also communicate with a smartphone 35 or other handheld or mobile device for parameter control or adjustment. In this example, footwear assembly 20 includes activity sensors 25, and adaptive support garment 10 includes adaptive engine 15. In this example, adaptive engine 15 is coupled to clutch system 16 (also referred to as electrostatic adhesive clutch 16) that controls adaptive support structures within adaptive support garment 10. Optionally, system 1 can also incorporate a second adaptive support garment 40, shown herein as adaptive tights.

[0042] In this example, footwear assembly 20 includes activity sensors 25, such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, temperature sensor, magnetometer, heart rate sensor, or global positioning sensor (GPS), to detect changes in activity level. In one example, footwear assembly 20 includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that combines one or more of an accelerometer, gyroscope, or other applicable sensors to provide a specific force, orientation, or angular velocity rate of change for the monitored body. Data from the IMU can be used to detect movements such as footstrike and cadence, among others. In this example, data from activity sensor 25 is communicated to smartwatch 30 or smartphone 35 for processing to determine whether a change in adaptive support is needed based on the activity data from the activity sensor. In another example, the activity data is sent directly to adaptive engine 15 for processing and determining the required adaptive support level.

[0043] Footstrike data is just one part of a broader set of activity metrics that can be determined from sensors such as activity sensor 25 (e.g., a combination of an IMU and a force sensor). Step metrics can include individual steps or step counts. Steps in this metric can be defined based on parameters such as a minimum vertical force threshold, a minimum average vertical force per step, a minimum step time, and a maximum step time. Step metrics can also include contact time, which is calculated per foot per step using the force signals (e.g., the time when a vertical force exceeds 50 N). Another step metric is swing time, which is calculated per foot per step using the force signals (e.g., the time when a vertical force is less than 50 N until the foot generates a force greater than 50 N). Step metrics also include cadence, which can be defined as the reciprocal of the sum of the contact time and swing time for each foot using the force signals. Step length is another step metric calculated using the force signals (e.g., the sum of the contact time and swing time multiplied by the average velocity). Another step metric is impulse, which can be calculated in at least two ways. Impulse can be the rising peak velocity of the vertical ground reaction force or the active peak of the vertical ground reaction force. Impulse is another step metric calculated for each foot step using the force signal (e.g., the integral of the ground reaction force magnitude). Contact is also another step metric derived from motion data. For example, using IMU data sampled at 200 Hz, the angle of the foot relative to the horizontal at the time of foot contact is determined. Contact includes the angles of the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Any of the step metrics described herein can be used as, or in addition to, other activity data to assist in determining activity levels or to directly determine the target support level of an adaptive support garment.

[0044] In this example, one or each of the adaptive engine 15, smartwatch 30, and smartphone 35, separately, in conjunction with each other, or with access to remote computing resources, includes control circuitry that processes activity data and sends commands to the adaptive engine 15 to modify support features as needed. The adaptive engine 15 receives the commands and activates systems to adjust the adaptive support structure through interaction with a clutch system 16 coupled to the adaptive engine 15.

[0045] FIG. 1B illustrates a user of an adaptive support apparel system transitioning between various activities that may require or benefit from different levels of support. In this example, activity sensor 25 shown within footwear assembly 20 operates to detect various activity levels, from relaxed walking to moderate exercise such as yoga to the more extreme impacts and efforts associated with running. In this example, activity sensor 25 transmits data to control circuitry within smartwatch 30, which executes an application that determines the current activity level based on the sensor's interpreted activity data. In some examples, smartwatch 30 may also include an activity sensor that transmits activity data to control circuitry operating on smartwatch 30, in this example providing additional activity level information that informs decisions regarding increasing or decreasing the support provided by adaptive support garment 10, such as an adaptive bra. For example, smartwatch 30 may include a built-in heart rate monitor that can be used for additional information related to activity level.

[0046] In the comfort zone, the adaptive clothing support system 1 detects a low level of physical activity determined to correspond to a relaxed level of support needed from the adaptive support garment. Accordingly, the control circuitry commands the adaptive engine 15 to activate and adjust the adaptive support garment 10 to a comfortable setting. The control application (e.g., an application that operates the control circuitry) may include a user interface that provides user access to different settings of the adaptive support garment. In one example, the settings may include associating different support levels with different predefined activity levels, such as rest = comfortable support level (e.g., low level of support) and higher impact = performance support level (e.g., high level of support). Other mappings may be created, or a user interface may be displayed that allows the user to create custom mappings. Table 1 shows example mappings between activity levels and support levels.

[0047] [Table 1]

[0048] As shown, a user can transition from comfort to low impact by increasing the movement and / or impact detected by the activity sensors. Dynamically, upon detecting the transition, control circuitry within smartwatch 30 commands adaptive engine 15 to increase the level of support provided by adaptive support garment 10. If the user returns to a comfort level of activity (e.g., resting or walking), the control circuitry can command adaptive engine 15 to return the support level to a comfort level of support. Alternatively, if the user increases activity by running, the system can dynamically respond by having adaptive engine 15 increase the support level to a higher impact (performance) level of support.

[0049] In certain examples, a user may select from a number of different activity-related parameters (e.g., heart rate, cadence, impact, etc.) and associate different levels of each parameter with different support levels. For example, a user may create a running activity classification that uses heart rate and cadence as triggers. Running activities may then be associated with a high support level. Support levels may also be configured by associating various support structure adjustments, such as clutch force or tension in the support structure, with specific support levels.

[0050] 1C is a block diagram illustrating components of an adaptive support system, also referred to herein as an adaptive support apparel system, according to some exemplary embodiments. In this example, the adaptive support system 1 includes components such as a control circuit 112, an activity sensor 120, and an adaptive engine 104, which is integrated within an adaptive support garment 102. The adaptive support garment 102 can include an adaptive support region 106. The adaptive support region 106 includes one or more electrostatic adhesive clutch devices 108 configured to be selectively static and / or elastic, and an electrical signal generator 110 capable of generating a signal that controls actuation of the clutch device 108.

[0051] In one example, the adaptive support garment 102 can include or use a clutch indicator 134 to provide an indication of the state or status of the clutch device 108. For example, the clutch indicator 134 can comprise a haptic feedback device, a light source, or other interface means that can indicate whether the clutch device 108 is engaged or disengaged, or the degree to which the clutch device 108 is engaged. The clutch indicator 134 can comprise circuitry or other components configured to drive the clutch indicator 134, such as an adjustable power signal source or other signal generator.

[0052] The control circuitry 112 includes a processor 114, a computer-readable memory device memory 116, and communication circuitry 118. As mentioned above, in some examples, the control circuitry 112 can be incorporated within the smartwatch 30 or smartphone 35 (FIG. 1A). In such examples, the control circuitry 112 controls the operating system (e.g., iOS) for the smartwatch 30 or smartphone 35 hardware. (registered trademark) or Android (registered trademark) ) and the processor 114 and memory device memory 116 are therefore part of the smartphone 35 or smartwatch 30. In the illustrated example, the control circuitry 112 is a standalone device or is integrated into the adaptive support garment 102.

[0053] The processor 114 accesses instructions stored in the memory device memory 116 to process the activity data received via the communication circuitry 118. The activity data may also be stored in the memory device memory 116, at least during processing operations. The processor 114 also processes instructions that enable the processor 114 to generate commands and send the commands via the communication circuitry 118 to the adaptive engine 104. The commands communicated to the adaptive engine 104 control operation of the adaptive engine 104 to modify the support characteristics of the adaptive support garment.

[0054] Control circuitry 112 receives activity data from activity sensor 120. In this example, activity sensor 120 may include any combination of IMU 122, accelerometer 124, strain gauge 126 (e.g., capacitance-based strain gauge configured to measure displacement information), global positioning system (GPS) 128, temperature sensor 130, and / or heart rate (HR sensor 132), among other sensors capable of generating data indicative of a user's activity level. Activity sensor 120 may include any combination of the above-mentioned sensors and transmits the generated activity data to control circuitry 112 via a wireless communication link, such as Bluetooth® Low Energy (LE). Furthermore, as alluded to above, the components of system 1 described above may be located in any combination among devices, including a smartwatch, a smartphone, a footwear assembly, or an adaptive support garment (e.g., integrated with an adaptive engine).

[0055] The term "electrostatic adhesion," as used herein, generally refers to the bonding of physical objects using electrostatic forces. The electrostatic force between the objects can be selectively controlled by a controller or processor circuit that can coordinate the generation and application of electrical signals to different electrodes within or on the objects to be bonded using electrostatic forces. The engagement, bonding, or adhesion between objects using electrostatic adhesion can be controlled, for example, in terms of bonding or debonding, or in terms of the magnitude of the gripping force or shear force between the objects. That is, the engagement between objects in an electrostatic adhesive system can be controlled in terms of a binary on / off state, or in terms of the relative magnitude or degree of the force that bonds the objects or the force that resists relative motion between the objects.

[0056] In one example, electrical control of electrostatic forces can control the attachment or detachment of various objects. For example, electrostatic adhesion can be used to join or hold two or more surfaces together, thereby affecting grip, traction, or friction between the joined surfaces due to electrostatic forces from induced electric fields. In some examples, a dielectric can be provided between the joined surfaces.

[0057] Surfaces bonded using electrostatic adhesion can have a variety of surface properties or characteristics. For example, surfaces with different planar uniformity or flatness, smoothness or roughness, continuity or discontinuity, conductivity, topography, conformability or flexibility, or other properties can be bonded using electrostatic adhesion. That is, the electrostatic adhesive devices and techniques described herein are not limited to specific material or surface properties, but some materials may exhibit different electrostatic adhesive properties than other materials. For example, some materials may be well-suited for repeated electrostatic adhesive bonding and separation, and some materials may be well-suited for relative motion between different materials.

[0058] In some examples, an electrostatic adhesive system or device can include an electrostatic adhesive surface that is flexible in one or more dimensions and has at least one conformal or compliant nature. At least in part, the conformal nature of a first component of an electrostatic adhesive system can, for example, allow the first component to more effectively bond or mate with a second component, which can be or include a different or less conformal surface of another device.

[0059] For example, the first electrostatic adhesive surface can include a conformal surface portion configured to promote electrostatic adhesion substantially independent of the surface roughness of the second electrostatic adhesive surface. That is, the first electrostatic adhesive surface can be configured to conform to discontinuities or other imperfections in the second surface to which it is mated. In one example, the electrostatic adhesive surface can be configured to conform to microscopic, mesoscopic, and / or macroscopic surface features. Under the influence of an appropriate electrical stimulus, the first electrostatic adhesive surface can be attracted to the second electrostatic adhesive surface and locally deform or flex, thereby at least partially conforming to the second surface. In some examples, multiple different adhesion modes between the primary device and the secondary device or surface can be provided to further enhance the mating between the surfaces.

[0060] In one example, an electrostatic adhesive system can include at least a primary device having one or more electrodes. The primary device can be configured to adhere or "clutch" to or with a secondary device or target. The secondary device can likewise have one or more electrodes. For example, when an appropriate voltage or current signal is applied to one or both devices, the electrodes of the various devices can be electrically stimulated to induce electrostatic attraction to another electrode or device. In some examples, polarization of the electrodes on the surface of the primary device can induce a corresponding polarization in the target device, thereby adhering the primary and secondary devices.

[0061] In one example, a controllable electrostatic adhesive clutch system can include or use electrostatic adhesive films that are lightweight and can generally form bonds with other surfaces and substrates, such as other films, using a relatively low-power electrical signal. Many of the examples herein include or use electrostatic adhesive clutch devices that include one or more pairs of films that can be charged to generate a force capable of joining the films. Other electrostatic adhesive materials can include materials other than films, or different types of electrostatic adhesive materials (e.g., films, fabrics, liquids, plastics, etc.) can be used as well to provide the same or similar results.

[0062] FIG. 2A generally illustrates a schematic top view of a first electrostatic adhesive clutch system 200. FIG. 2B generally illustrates a side view of the first electrostatic adhesive clutch system 200. The side view of FIG. 2B is a partially exploded view to better illustrate the various components and features of the first clutch system 200. The example first clutch system 200 includes a first electrode assembly 202 that can be selectively and controllably coupled to or decoupled from a second electrode assembly 208 using electrostatic forces. In FIG. 2B, the first electrode assembly 202 is shown close to but decoupled from the second electrode assembly 208. That is, in FIG. 2B, the drawing shows the electrode assemblies separated from one another, e.g., not subject to electrostatic attraction forces.

[0063] The first electrode assembly 202 includes an electrode having a first conductive surface 204, and the second electrode assembly 208 includes an electrode having a second conductive surface 210. The conductive surfaces can have portions that can be positioned at least partially adjacent to one another. In the example of the first clutch system 200, the surface portions are illustrated as planar, although other surface shapes or characteristics (e.g., rounded surfaces, angled surfaces, etc.) can be used as well.

[0064] In one example, an electrical signal, or multiple electrical signals, can be applied to the first and second conductive surfaces 204, 210 of each electrode to induce an electrostatic force that can bond the surfaces and thus bond the first and second electrode assemblies 202, 208 together. The strength of the force that bonds the assemblies can depend, among other things, on the surface area of ​​the adjacent conductive surfaces, the magnitude of the electrical signal(s) applied to the first and second conductive surfaces 204, 210, the distance between the surfaces, and the dielectric constant of any dielectric member or gap between the conductive surfaces.

[0065] The example first clutch system 200 includes a dielectric layer between the first conductive surface 204 and the second conductive surface 210. In the example first clutch system 200, each conductive surface is at least partially coated or covered with a dielectric insulator. In the first clutch system 200, the first dielectric layer 206 can be disposed along a portion of the first conductive surface 204 that is adjacent to the second electrode assembly 208 or that may be adjacent to the second electrode assembly 208 in some orientations. The second dielectric layer 212 can be disposed along a portion of the second conductive surface 210 that is adjacent to the first electrode assembly 202 or that may be adjacent to the first electrode assembly 202 in some orientations.

[0066] In another example, one of the conductive surfaces includes or uses a dielectric insulator, while the other does not. The dielectric insulator can be applied or deposited uniformly, or can be deposited in a pattern or quasi-randomly (e.g., with a specific coverage per unit area), thereby affecting different adhesive properties of the first clutch system 200. In another example, an air gap can be provided between the conductive surfaces, and the air gap can include a dielectric insulator. Various spacers can be used to control the uniformity or non-uniformity of the air gap between the conductive surfaces of the first clutch system 200. Similarly, spacers can be used to control the compressive force on a dielectric member that can be provided between the conductive surfaces.

[0067] In the example first clutch system 200, the first electrode assembly 202 includes a first support 214 and a second support 216 at opposite longitudinal ends of the first conductive surface 204. The supports may be configured to maintain the first conductive surface 204 in a generally planar configuration, although supports of different shapes or configurations may similarly be used, depending, for example, on the particular geometry or application of the clutch system. Similarly, the second electrode assembly 208 includes a third support 218 and a fourth support 220 at opposite longitudinal ends of the second conductive surface 210. In one example, the supports include carbon fiber, aluminum, or other materials.

[0068] In one example, one or more supports may include conductive or non-conductive portions. In one example, the first support 214 is coupled to the first lead 224 or electrical terminal. The first support 214 may include a conductive portion capable of receiving an electrical signal from the first lead 224 and providing the electrical signal to the first conductive surface 204, or may provide a substrate for the conductor. Similarly, the third support 218 may be coupled to the second lead 226 or electrical terminal. The third support 218 may include a conductive portion capable of receiving an electrical signal from the second lead 226 and providing the electrical signal to the second conductive surface 210, or may provide a substrate for the conductor. In one example, the various supports may be coupled to their respective conductive surfaces, and the electrical leads may be coupled to the conductive surfaces, using, for example, insulators, with or without any intervening conductors, materials, or signal buses. For example, first support 214 can be coupled to insulator 228, and coupling insulator 228 to first conductive surface 204 can electrically decouple first conductive surface 204 from first support 214. In some examples, electrically decoupling or isolating a conductive surface from its support(s) can help concentrate available electrical energy at the conductive surface rather than dispersing it over a wide area that may include the support, for example. In one example, insulator 228 can be an adhesive compound or layer that bonds the support to its respective conductive surface.

[0069] The example first clutch system 200 includes an alignment device 222. The alignment device 222 can be configured, for example, to couple the first and second electrode assemblies 202, 208 to one another so as to maintain a particular orientation or alignment of the electrode assemblies. In some examples, the alignment device 222 can comprise a spring, a resilient member, or other expandable component that can be configured to bias the first and second electrode assemblies 202, 208 toward a particular orientation. In the example first clutch system 200, the alignment device 222 can bias respective surface portions of the first and second electrode assemblies 202, 208 into a substantially adjacent and at least partially overlapping orientation. As used herein, substantially adjacent can mean coupled, or can mean close but uncoupled or decoupled, or can mean partially coupled, or can mean sufficiently close that an electrostatic force can be generated between the surfaces, with or without physical contact between the surfaces or one or more dielectric layers disposed between the surfaces, for example. Multiple instances of alignment device 222, or multiple alignment devices of different orientations, may be used together to help avoid buckling or warping of the conductive portions of the electrode assembly.

[0070] In one example, the conductive portions of first conductive surface 204 or second conductive surface 210 may include a conductive material printed, deposited, or sputtered onto a flexible or conformable substrate. For example, the conductive portions may include a Mylar substrate coated or sputtered with aluminum. In one example, one or both of the electrode assemblies of first clutch system 200 may include an insulating dielectric layer, such as a ceramic polymer composite, disposed on a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film or BOPET film sputtered with aluminum.

[0071] In one example, a dielectric layer, such as first dielectric layer 206 or second dielectric layer 212, and / or other insulating or partially insulating dielectric portions can be printed, deposited, sputtered, or otherwise applied to a film or other substrate. For example, the dielectric can include a substantially non-conductive printable dielectric ink or similar material, or the conductive portion can include a conductive printable ink or similar material. In one example, the dielectric can include a flexible or physically conformable material.

[0072] In one example, an aluminum coated film can provide a conductive surface for an electrode assembly, and the polymer portion can provide a backing for the aluminum and help reinforce the film to withstand forces from the support, such as when the electrode assembly is subjected to physical strain or load. The thickness of the conductive surface, or assembly, can be varied by using different films, different amounts of polymer per unit area, or different amounts of conductive material.

[0073] The size and shape of the first electrode assembly 202 and the second electrode assembly 208 can be adjusted to accommodate various applications. In the example first clutch system 200, the first electrode assembly 202 is shown with a first conductive surface 204 that has a narrower width than the second conductive surface 210 of the second electrode assembly 208. In some examples, the width difference can help prevent shorting or other electrical coupling around the edges of the electrodes.

[0074] During operation, an electrical signal, such as an alternating current (AC) signal or a direct current (DC) signal, can be applied to the electrodes using the first lead 224 and the second lead 226. In response to the applied signal, opposite charges can build up on the first conductive surface 204 and the second conductive surface 210, resulting in an electrostatic force (e.g., an attractive or repulsive force) at the interface between substantially adjacent portions of the surfaces, for example, at or along the overlapping length of the surfaces. In the case of an attractive force, the first conductive surface 204 and the second conductive surface 210, and thus the first electrode assembly 202 and the second electrode assembly 208, can adhere or bond. The resulting electrostatic adhesion and friction at the interface between the adjacent surfaces can prevent relative motion and resist shear forces. That is, when the first clutch system 200 is activated and an electrostatic attraction exists between the first conductive surface 204 and the second conductive surface 210, any applied shear stress (e.g., a force applied parallel to the surfaces that displaces one of the surfaces relative to the other) can be resisted.

[0075] When the electrical signal is removed or turned off, first conductive surface 204 and second conductive surface 210 are discharged, allowing any electrostatic attraction at the surface interface to dissipate, i.e., first conductive surface 204 and second conductive surface 210 can disengage and slide relatively freely relative to one another, for example, within any range established by alignment device 222 or any other displacement limiter.

[0076] JPEG0007796755000002.jpg109166

[0077] Based at least in part on theoretical or ideal equations for forces in the first clutch system 200, the inventors have recognized that the shear force between surfaces is a function of the square of the applied voltage, and therefore, the polarity of the voltage is virtually unimportant. Thus, the inventors have recognized that an AC drive signal can be used, thereby minimizing undesirable dielectric absorption in electrostatic adhesive systems.

[0078] FIG. 2C generally illustrates a portion of an exemplary first clutch system 200. In FIG. 2C, a first electrode assembly 202 is adjacent to a second electrode assembly 208, and a voltage signal is applied to each electrode assembly. In the drawing, a "+" symbol represents a positive voltage signal applied to the first conductive surface 204 of the first electrode assembly 202, and a "-" symbol represents a negative voltage signal applied to the second conductive surface 210 of the second electrode assembly 208. As a result of the application of the opposite polarity signals, an electric field 230 is generated. In the illustrated example, the first electrode assembly 202 includes a positively charged portion that attracts the negatively charged portion of the second electrode assembly 208. The electric field 230 induces an electrostatic force that attracts the electrode assemblies together, creating a shear force F shear The maximum shear force F that the first clutch system 200 can withstand is shear is given by the equation above and is a function of, among other things, the area over which the electric field 230 exists, the square of the applied voltage, and the properties of the dielectric between the conductive parts of the assembly.

[0079] In one example, multiple instances of first clutch system 200 can be used together to provide an enhanced clutch. For example, multiple instances can be provided in parallel or in series. While the applications described herein are generally presented with reference to a single instance of first clutch system 200, multiple instances can generally be used depending on size constraints, power constraints, and / or performance goals.

[0080] 3 generally illustrates an example of an electrostatic adhesive system 302 that may include or comprise the first clutch system 200. The electrostatic adhesive system 302 may include a processor circuit 304, a signal generator 306, and a clutch electrode array 322. In one example, the electrostatic adhesive system 302 may include an energy source 308, a user interface 310, and a sensor 314. In one example, one or more components of the electrostatic adhesive system 302 may include or comprise components of the adaptive support system 100 of the example of FIG. 1C .

[0081] 3, one or more components of the electrostatic adhesive system 302 can receive power from an energy source 308. The energy source 308 can include a battery or other AC or DC electrical energy source. In one example, the energy source 308 includes a power recovery circuit that can be used to recover power, for example, from a kinetic source, an RF or other electromagnetic source, or elsewhere.

[0082] The processor circuit 304 can include a general-purpose or special-purpose processor, as described elsewhere herein. The processor circuit 304 can be configured to receive information from one or more of the signal generator 306, the energy source 308, the user interface 310, the sensor 314, or the clutch electrode array 322 and, in response, control one or more operations of the electrostatic adhesive system 302.

[0083] The signal generator 306 may include an electrical signal generator configured to provide a DC or AC signal to the clutch electrode array 322. In one example, the signal generator 306 is configured to generate an electrical signal having characteristics specified by the processor circuit 304. For example, the signal generator 306 may be configured to generate an electrical signal having a specified magnitude, frequency, pulse width, pulse or waveform morphology, or other characteristics according to instructions received from the processor circuit 304.

[0084] The clutch electrode array 322 can be configured to receive an electrical signal from the signal generator 306 and provide the signal to one or more electrodes, which may comprise, for example, part of a clutch system or device. In one example, the clutch electrode array 322 includes a first electrode 324, a second electrode 326, or other electrodes, including an nth electrode 328. Different electrodes in the clutch electrode array 322 are individually addressable and can receive different signals from the signal generator 306. In one example, each electrode in the clutch electrode array 322 can comprise part of an electrode assembly. For example, the first electrode 324 can include or comprise the first conductive surface 204 of the first electrode assembly 202 in the example of FIG. 2A, and the second electrode 326 can include or comprise the second conductive surface 210 of the second electrode assembly 208 in the example of FIG. 2A.

[0085] In one example, the user interface 310 can include various systems, devices, or modules that can be configured to provide information to or receive information from a user. A user can include a human operator, an auxiliary device, or other controller for the electrostatic adhesive system 302. In one example, the user interface 310 is configured to receive commands or information from a user regarding desired operation or operating characteristics of the electrostatic adhesive system 302, which can include, for example, clutch force, clutch sensitivity, power consumption characteristics, or other information. The user interface 310 can be configured to provide feedback or other information to the user regarding the same or other characteristics of the system. For example, the user interface 310 can be configured to receive a user-specified indication of the clutch force to apply, and the user interface 310 can be configured to report an indication of the actual clutch force applied, provided, or available within the system to the same or a different user.

[0086] In one example, the user interface 310 can include a tactile element 312. The tactile element 312 can be configured to generate or provide tactile sensations to communicate information to the user. The information can include, for example, a clutch status indication, a clutch force indication, or other information about the electrostatic adhesive system 302.

[0087] In one example, the electrostatic adhesive system 302 may include or use one or more sensors 314. The processor circuit 304 may receive sensor signal information from the one or more sensors 314 and, in response, control clutch operation or other operations of the electrostatic adhesive system 302. Various types of sensors may be used, including a physiological sensor 316, a kinematic sensor 318, or a displacement sensor 320. In one example, the physiological sensor 316 is configured to sense physiological information about a user of the electrostatic adhesive system 302. For example, the physiological sensor 316 may include one or more of a heart rate sensor, an oxygen saturation level sensor, an ECG sensor, a pulse sensor, an acoustic sensor, an ectodermal or galvanic skin response sensor, a muscle oxygen sensor, or other sensors configured to measure physiological information about the user.

[0088] In one example, the kinematic sensor 318 may include a single-axis or multi-axis accelerometer, gyroscope, strain sensor, inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, or other sensor configured to provide information regarding the kinematics or motion of the electrostatic adhesive system 302, or of a component of the electrostatic adhesive system 302, or of a body or object to which the electrostatic adhesive system 302 is coupled or configured to affect. In one example, multiple instances of the kinematic sensor 318 may be provided, such as at different locations around the body, such as to monitor the motion (e.g., absolute or relative) of different segments or portions of the body. In one example, information from the kinematic sensor 318 may be used to determine activity level, posture, position, or other characteristics of the body.

[0089] In one example, the displacement sensor 320 can include a device configured to measure distance or displacement information. For example, the displacement sensor 320 can be configured to measure the relative positions of different portions of the first clutch system 200. For example, the displacement sensor 320 can be configured to measure or provide information regarding the overlapping portions of the first electrode assembly 202 and the second electrode assembly 208, or information regarding the stretch characteristics of the alignment device 222, or other information regarding the orientation or position of components of the electrostatic adhesive system 302.

[0090] The sensors 314 may also include other sensors not specifically listed herein, such as environmental sensors, global positioning system (GPS) sensors, light sensors, proximity sensors, or other sensors.

[0091] 4 generally illustrates an example of a second clutch system 400. The second clutch system 400 may include or use components of the first clutch system 200 and / or the electrostatic adhesion system 302. For example, the second clutch system 400 may include a reference electrode assembly 402, such as may correspond to one of the first electrode assembly 202 and the second electrode assembly 208 of the example first clutch system 200, and the second clutch system 400 may include a movable electrode assembly 414, such as may correspond to the other of the first electrode assembly 202 and the second electrode assembly 208.

[0092] The reference electrode assembly 402 can include a first clutch frame 404 that fixes or references at least one electrode of the second clutch system 400 relative to the other. The movable electrode assembly 414 can include a second clutch frame 416 that is coupled to a different electrode of the second clutch system 400. In the example of Figure 4, the reference electrode assembly 402 includes a first polymer substrate 406 coupled to the first clutch frame 404, a first conductive member 408 coupled to the first polymer substrate 406, and a first dielectric member 410 coupled to the first conductive member 408. The movable electrode assembly 414 similarly includes a second polymer substrate 418, a second conductive member 420, and a second dielectric member 422.

[0093] In various examples, the first and second polymer substrates 406, 408 are configured to provide rigidity that prevents or reduces the likelihood of the first and second electrode assemblies 202, 208 buckling or folding during use, yet are also flexible so that the first clutch system 200 is useful in wearable articles such as those disclosed herein. In various examples, the first and second polymer substrates 406, 418 are or include polyolefin foam. In various examples, the polyolefin foam is applied to each of the first and second conductive members 408, 420 using an adhesive layer between the first and second conductive members 408, 420 and the polyolefin foam, where the adhesive layer can be considered part of the first and second polymer substrates 406, 418. In various examples, the polymer substrates have a thickness of approximately 0.25 millimeters, although larger or smaller thicknesses are contemplated as needed. In various examples, the first and second polymer substrates 406, 418 are formed from 5703LE pressure sensitive adhesive foam tape.

[0094] Various components of the reference electrode assembly 402 or the movable electrode assembly 414 can include or correspond to components of the first electrode assembly 202 or second electrode assembly 208 of the examples of FIGS. 2A, 2B, or 2C. For example, the first polymer substrate 406 can correspond to the first support 214 or the second support 216, or the second polymer substrate 418 can correspond to the third support 218 or the fourth support 220. The first conductive member 408 can correspond to the first conductive surface 204, or the second conductive member 420 can correspond to the second conductive surface 210. The first dielectric member 410 can correspond to the first dielectric layer 206, or the second dielectric member 422 can correspond to the second dielectric layer 212. The example second clutch system 400 includes multiple instances of a resilient aligner 428, which may correspond to the alignment device 222 of the first clutch system 200. As also described above in the discussion of the first clutch system 200, a resilient aligner 428 may be provided to position or maintain the reference electrode assembly 402 and the movable electrode assembly 414 in a fixed position, thereby generating an electric field between the first conductive member 408 and the second conductive member 420, thereby inducing an electrostatic force to hold the electrode assemblies together.

[0095] In use, the second clutch system 400 includes a first dielectric member 410 of the reference electrode assembly 402 positioned substantially adjacent to a second dielectric member 422 of the movable electrode assembly 414 at or along an interface 430. With the electrode assemblies positioned in this manner, an electric field can be induced between the first conductive member 408 and the second conductive member 420, resulting in an electrostatic force that can join the reference electrode assembly 402 and the movable electrode assembly 414 together at the interface 430. In the absence of an electric field, the movable electrode assembly 414 can be configured to move relative to the reference electrode assembly 402. In one example, the movable electrode assembly 414 can move in a plane, for example, parallel to the plane of the reference electrode assembly 402.

[0096] The example of Figure 4 includes a first displacement sensor 426, which may include or correspond to the displacement sensor 320 of the example of Figure 3. The first displacement sensor 426 may be coupled to the second clutch frame 416 and may move with the second clutch frame 416. The first displacement sensor 426 may measure a distance d between the sensor and a reference point, for example, along a particular axis. x The reference point can be provided by a displacement sensor reference element 412, which can be located on or coupled to the first clutch frame 404, for example, or can be provided elsewhere in the second clutch system 400. In one example, the first displacement sensor 426 can be configured to measure displacement or position information in multiple dimensions or along multiple axes. For example, the first displacement sensor 426 can be configured to measure the position of the sensor relative to the displacement sensor reference element 412 in the x, y, and / or z directions.

[0097] The example of Figure 4 includes an accelerometer 424, which may include or correspond to the kinematic sensor 318 of the example of Figure 3. The accelerometer 424 may be configured to measure the acceleration of the second clutch frame 416 of the movable electrode assembly 414. As described elsewhere herein, information from the accelerometer 424 may be used to determine or control the actuation of the second clutch system 400 or to control the clutch force applied by the second clutch system 400.

[0098] In effect, when first conductive member 408 and second conductive member 420 are coupled to electrical terminals and driven by an electrical signal, for example, from signal generator 306, the assembly forms a capacitor that can be charged and discharged. When a voltage is applied across the terminals, the capacitor charges and generates an electrostatic attraction. The attraction forces the conductive members together, thereby increasing friction and inhibiting any relative motion. When the voltage is removed or reduced, the electrostatic attraction is removed or reduced, effectively freeing the conductive members to slide more freely relative to one another.

[0099] 5 generally illustrates an exemplary first clutch control method 500. First clutch control method 500 may include or use various elements of first clutch system 200, electrostatic adhesion system 302, or second clutch system 400, or other systems or devices described herein.

[0100] At block 502, the first clutch control method 500 may include receiving user control commands for the electrostatic adhesive clutch system. In one example, block 502 may include receiving the control commands from a user using the user interface 310. In one example, block 502 may include receiving the control commands from the user using one or more of the sensors 314. For example, the user control commands may include user commands to enable or disable the clutch system or to control the degree or magnitude to which the system operates. That is, the user control commands may indicate the amount (e.g., relative or absolute) of clutch force or shear resistance force that the system should provide.

[0101] In block 504, the first clutch control method 500 may include detecting or determining a state of the electrostatic adhesive clutch system. In one example, block 504 may include determining the state, position, or other condition of the clutch system using one or more of the sensors 314. In one example, block 504 may include determining the relative positions of electrodes in the clutch system, for example, using the displacement sensor 320, and providing information regarding the relative positions to the processor circuit 304. In one example, block 504 may include determining an acceleration of the clutch system or an acceleration of a body to which the clutch system is engaged or which the clutch system is configured to control, and providing the acceleration information to the processor circuit 304.

[0102] In one example, block 504 may include measuring one or more characteristics of the electrostatic adhesive system 302 or its components. In one example, block 504 may include applying a filter (e.g., a smoothing filter or a noise reduction filter) or processing the measured characteristics to determine the position, orientation, configuration, or other information about the electrostatic adhesive system 302 or components of the system itself. In one example, block 504 may include determining the alignment, position, and / or orientation of one or more electrode assembly components.

[0103] At block 506, the first clutch control method 500 may include generating a clutch control signal based on the detected state of the electrostatic adhesive system from block 504. For example, block 506 may include using the processor circuit 304 to process information from the user interface 310 or the sensor 314, or other sources, to generate a signal capable of controlling a clutch of the system. In one example, block 506 may include generating a binary on / off indication for the clutch system, or block 506 may include generating a signal indicating the magnitude of clutch force for the system to be provided. For example, block 506 may include generating different control signals corresponding to different amounts of clutch force to be provided.

[0104] At block 508, the first clutch control method 500 may include providing clutch electrode drive signals to electrodes in the electrostatic adhesive clutch system. For example, block 508 may include providing a DC or AC signal to the clutch electrode array 322 using the signal generator 306. In one example, block 508 may include providing different electrical signals to different electrodes in the clutch electrode array 322. In one example, block 508 may include providing opposite polarity components of the same AC signal to different electrodes in the clutch system, thereby inducing an electrostatic force between the electrodes and generating a clutch force.

[0105] In one example, block 506 and / or block 508 may include using the processor circuit 304 or another local or remote controller to control various aspects of the electrostatic adhesive system 302 by performing various calculations related to the detected conditions, using calibration information, using information about previously detected or stored conditions, using previously defined control parameters, or using other information. The results of the calculations may cause the electrostatic adhesive system 302 to perform one of a variety of different responses or controls, for example, according to an application or control algorithm. In one example, the processor circuit 304 or other controller may include, among others, a state machine, a feedback loop, a feedforward controller, look-up tables (LUTs), a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, a parametric controller, a model-based controller, a kinematic model-based controller, or a state-space controller. Various parameters of the controller may be trained or optimized. In one example, the various parameters or algorithms may include or use machine learning or deep learning to better understand and respond to inputs, for example, using information from multiple different users. In one example, the controller of the electrostatic adhesive system 302 can be configured to reconfigure to improve, adapt, or otherwise improve or update the behavior or performance of the system based on, for example, usage patterns, characteristics of the system itself or its components (including deterioration or wear), or other information.

[0106] In one example, a model-based controller for an electrostatic adhesive clutch system can facilitate adaptation of the system to different users, who may have different body types, or in different environments or under different conditions, with or without training data or training periods, for example. For example, a priori information about the user or use case can be used to specify or set control model parameters. In one example, the model can be updated based on detected changes or characteristics of the system or user. For example, model parameters can be updated depending on, for example, the shape or weight of a wearer's body part or the adaptability of the system or user's body. In one example, changes or deviations from model parameters can indicate changes in components of the clutch system or changes in the user. For example, a change in a parameter can indicate failure or wear of a system component and can be notified to the user (e.g., using the user interface 310). Additionally or alternatively, a notification can be provided to a remote operator or system, such as a manufacturer or vendor, that can automatically provide a replacement, thereby improving the user experience. In one example, a change in a model parameter can indicate a change in the user's gait or posture, which may indicate injury or fatigue, for example. The user can be notified or alerted of such changes using the user interface 310.

[0107] 6 schematically illustrates several exemplary charts 600 that graphically illustrate an example control of a clutch system. Chart 600 includes an acceleration signal chart 602, a clutch signal chart 604, and a voltage signal chart 606. Chart 600 includes a common time axis that schematically illustrates an example of how acceleration information, clutch control, and electrode drive voltage signals may correspond.

[0108] The example acceleration signal chart 602 includes an acceleration signal 608, which may be received or derived, for example, from the kinematic sensor 318 of the example electrostatic adhesive system 302. The acceleration signal 608 may indicate the magnitude of acceleration of a body, the electrostatic adhesive system 302, or a component of the electrostatic adhesive system 302. For example, the acceleration signal 608 may indicate the acceleration of a particular electrode or electrode assembly of a clutch system, such as described herein in the example of FIG. 4. In the example of FIG. 6, the acceleration signal 608 is generally shown as a vibration signal having a reasonably constant frequency and a varying magnitude. In this example, a first or early portion of the acceleration signal 608 includes a vibration acceleration indicative signal having a first acceleration magnitude characteristic, and a second or later portion of the acceleration signal 608 exhibits a larger second acceleration magnitude characteristic.

[0109] The acceleration signal chart 602 includes a first acceleration magnitude threshold 610 having a fixed magnitude Ath1 and a second acceleration magnitude threshold 612 having a fixed magnitude Ath2. The acceleration thresholds represent magnitude thresholds that, when exceeded, indicate a control state or a change in control state of the electrostatic adhesive system 302. For example, if the acceleration signal 608 indicates an acceleration magnitude less than the first acceleration magnitude threshold 610, the system can have a first control state; if the acceleration signal 608 indicates an acceleration magnitude greater than the first acceleration magnitude threshold 610 and less than the second acceleration magnitude threshold 612, the system can have a second control state; and if the acceleration signal 608 indicates an acceleration magnitude greater than the second acceleration magnitude threshold 612, the system can have a third control state. While the example of FIG. 6 illustrates the magnitude threshold conditions as fixed or static values, other magnitude threshold conditions can be used, for example, based on the morphology of the acceleration signal 608 or based on absolute or relative changes in the acceleration signal 608. Fewer or more than two threshold conditions can be used as well, and two threshold conditions are used in the example of FIG. 6 for illustrative purposes.

[0110] 6 illustrates that various control states can be specified or determined based on acceleration magnitude thresholds of the acceleration signal 608. Other acceleration-based changes or triggers can be used as well. For example, the frequency of the acceleration signal 608 can be used to trigger a change in the control state, or a change in the frequency of the acceleration signal 608 can be used.

[0111] An example of the clutch signal chart 604 includes a clutch control signal 614. In the example of FIG. 6, the clutch control signal 614 is a binary signal that indicates whether the control signal for the electrostatic adhesion clutch is on or off. In the on state, the clutch control signal 614 can indicate that an electrical signal is provided to one or more electrodes in the clutch system, and in the off state, the clutch control signal 614 can indicate that the electrical signal is removed or changed to a different value. In one example, when the clutch control signal 614 is high or on, the processor circuit 304 can be configured to provide a first control signal to the signal generator 306, and in response, the signal generator 306 can provide an electrical signal to one or more electrodes of the clutch electrode array 322. When the clutch control signal 614 is low or off, the processor circuit 304 can be configured to provide a second control signal to the signal generator 306, and in response, the signal generator 306 can change the value of the electrical signal provided to one or more electrodes of the clutch electrode array 322 or the signal generator 306 can stop providing the electrical signal. In one example, when the clutch control signal 614 is low or off, one or more electrodes in the clutch electrode array 322 can be coupled to ground or a reference voltage source.

[0112] In one example, the clutch control signal 614 can be a multi-valued signal having more than two states or values. That is, the clutch control signal 614 can have states or values ​​that indicate different levels of clutch control provided by the system. For example, in a first state, the clutch control signal 614 can indicate a zero clutch, or no electrical signal applied to the electrodes in the clutch electrode array 322. In a second state, the clutch control signal 614 can indicate a medium clutch, or a medium-magnitude electrical signal applied to the electrodes in the clutch electrode array 322. In a third state, the clutch control signal 614 can indicate a high clutch, or a high-magnitude electrical signal applied to the electrodes in the clutch electrode array 322, thereby inducing a larger electric field and a larger electrostatic force than in the second state. More states with corresponding different clutch forces can be used as well.

[0113] An example voltage signal chart 606 includes a clutch voltage signal 616. In the example of FIG. 6, the clutch voltage signal 616 represents a portion of a first AC signal that can be supplied to one or more electrodes in the clutch electrode array 322, for example, using the signal generator 306. For example, the clutch voltage signal 616 can represent a first AC signal that can be supplied to the first electrode 324, and substantially simultaneously, a second AC signal of complementary, opposite polarity can be supplied to the second electrode 326. When the AC signal is supplied, an electrostatic force is induced between the first electrode 324 and the second electrode 326, thereby providing a clutch force that holds the electrodes together. The magnitude of the AC signal can affect the magnitude of the resulting clutch force. For example, an increase in the voltage magnitude of the AC signal can correspondingly increase the clutch force, while a decrease in the voltage magnitude can correspondingly decrease the clutch force. In one example, the duty cycle of the AC signal can affect the magnitude of the resulting clutch force. For example, an increase in on-time (eg, supplying an AC signal) may cause a corresponding increase in clutch force, while a decrease in on-time may cause a corresponding decrease in clutch force.

[0114] For example, during a first clutch period between t1 and t2, clutch voltage signal 616 may include an AC signal having a first AC signal magnitude v1. During a subsequent second clutch period between t3 and t4, clutch voltage signal 616 may include an AC signal having the same first AC signal magnitude v1. In one example, the magnitude of the AC signal may be based on the magnitude of acceleration signal 608 during the same clutch period or may be based on a relationship between the magnitude of acceleration signal 608 and one or more acceleration magnitude thresholds. In other words, in the example of FIG. 6 , the magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616 may depend on, or be based in part on, the relationship between the magnitude of acceleration signal 608 and first acceleration magnitude threshold 610 and second acceleration magnitude threshold 612. Because acceleration signal 608 does not exceed second acceleration magnitude threshold 612 during the first and second clutch periods, the magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616 may be set to v1.

[0115] The example of FIG. 6 includes an example third clutch period between t5 and t6, a fourth clutch period between t6 and t7, and a fifth clutch period between t8 and t9. In the example third clutch period, the acceleration signal 608 exceeds the first acceleration magnitude threshold 610 at time t5, thereby triggering a change in the state of the clutch control signal 614 from off to on. During the third clutch period, the acceleration signal 608 exceeds the first acceleration magnitude threshold 610 but does not exceed the second acceleration magnitude threshold 612, so the magnitude of the clutch voltage signal 616 can be set or maintained at the first AC signal magnitude v1. In this example, the acceleration signal 608 can exceed the second acceleration magnitude threshold 612 at time t6, and in response, the magnitude of the clutch voltage signal 616 can change from the first AC signal magnitude v1 to the second AC signal magnitude v2. That is, the magnitude of the voltage signal supplied to one or more electrodes in the clutch system can increase in response to information regarding a corresponding increase in acceleration. In the example of FIG. 6, the clutch voltage signal 616 exhibits a step change from the third clutch period to the fourth clutch period due, for example, to a change in the acceleration signal 608 over the same time interval corresponding to the third and fourth clutch periods.

[0116] In one example, clutch voltage signal 616 may be controlled or varied in a manner other than a stepped manner. For example, the magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616 may depend more directly or analogously on the magnitude of acceleration signal 608. That is, because acceleration signal 608 may indicate or be a proxy for clutch force demand (e.g., due to motion or change in motion of a body or other object), processor circuit 304 and signal generator 306 may modify the magnitude of one or more drive signals for clutch electrodes in clutch electrode array 322 in response to the magnitude of acceleration signal 608. In the example of FIG. 6 , the fifth clutch period shows an example of clutch voltage signal 616 having magnitude envelope or morphological characteristics that approximately correspond to the envelope or morphological characteristics of acceleration signal 608 at the corresponding time. In other words, the magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616 may increase in response to an increase in the magnitude of acceleration signal 608. In the example of FIG. 6 , the magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616 increases to approximately a third AC signal magnitude v3, which may correspond, for example, to a peak value in the magnitude of acceleration signal 608. In one example, the change in magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616 can track the change in acceleration signal 608 more or less immediately, or the change in magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616 can be a function of the change in acceleration signal 608. For example, information about the change in magnitude from acceleration signal 608 can be smoothed, and the smoothed information can be used to control the magnitude of clutch voltage signal 616.

[0117] In one example, the frequency of clutch voltage signal 616 can be fixed or dynamic. For example, the frequency of clutch voltage signal 616 can depend on, among other things, the magnitude of acceleration signal 608, the frequency of clutch control signal 614, the power or battery status of the clutch system, user preference, or other frequency control indicator. In the example of FIG. 6, the frequency of clutch voltage signal 616 is approximately the same for the first, second, third, and fourth clutch periods, and the frequency of clutch voltage signal 616 decreases for the fifth clutch period. Other clutch voltage signal 616 frequencies or frequency changes can be used as well, depending, for example, on the desired operation or power consumption characteristics of the clutch system.

[0118] The inventors have recognized that, among other things, the problem to be solved includes rapidly actuating a clutch system between on and off states. For example, the problem may include cycling the clutch system between on and off states (e.g., powered and unpowered) at a rate of at least about 60 Hz, or 120 Hz, or even higher. That is, the problem may include providing an effective clutch that can change between an electrostatically active or gripped state and an electrostatically inactive or relaxed state, e.g., multiple times per second. This problem may include, among other things, managing dielectric absorption in an electrostatic adhesive system, such as first clutch system 200, electrostatic adhesive system 302, or second clutch system 400, as may occur in capacitive or capacitor-like components of the system. The dielectric absorption phenomenon may actually be understood to represent the unwanted buildup of charge on or between electrodes in the system. Dielectric absorption in a clutch system may occur, particularly when a relatively high voltage stimulation signal is applied to the clutch electrodes for a relatively long period of time.

[0119] For example, the first clutch system 200 may include the first electrode assembly 202 and the second electrode assembly 208 in a configuration susceptible to dielectric absorption. The first conductive surface 204 and the second conductive surface 210 may function like the plates of a capacitor, and it is understood that capacitors exhibit the effects of dielectric absorption. For example, when the clutch system is charged to actuate the clutch and then discharged and released, a voltage may be generated between the conductive surfaces due to dielectric absorption. That is, even without reconnecting the first conductive surface 204 and the second conductive surface 210 to a voltage source, such as the signal generator 306, the "capacitor" comprising the first conductive surface 204 and the second conductive surface 210 may exhibit voltage memory due to the effect of a voltage stimulus or actuation signal on the dielectric molecular dipoles comprising the various assemblies. In other words, the clutch system may be susceptible to dielectric absorption and residual voltage, which can impair the system's efficiency and the speed at which the system cycles between on and off states. For example, if a residual voltage exists between first conductive surface 204 and second conductive surface 210, the clutch may be prevented from fully disengaging between clutch cycles, or the system or its components may inadvertently or intermediately operate, for example, at an intermediate clutch position that may be detrimental or adversely affect the desired operation of the system and therefore may be detrimental to the user experience.

[0120] The inventors have recognized that a solution to the rapid actuation problem may include addressing dielectric absorption in the clutch system. This solution may include, for example, actuating the system using a voltage stimulus signal having a time-varying polarity, i.e., an alternating current (AC) signal, such as clutch voltage signal 616 in the example of FIG. 6. The inventors have recognized that the shear force F of the clutch system may be increased by a factor of 10. shearIt has been recognized that ω is a function of the square of the applied voltage, and therefore, the shear force is independent of the polarity of the applied drive voltage. In other words, the inventors have recognized that using an AC clutch voltage signal 616 to stimulate the clutch system can be beneficial compared to a DC drive signal because the AC signal can help reduce the effects of bulk charge, or dielectric absorption, without adversely affecting the maximum shear force.

[0121] The electrical drive signal for an electrostatic adhesive clutch system can range from a few volts to hundreds of volts. Various mechanical features can be used to physically separate the electrodes of the clutch system, thereby preventing electrical contact between the electrodes and other objects. For example, mechanical features can help prevent contact between two or more active electrodes, which could cause a short circuit, or can help prevent contact between the electrodes and other sensitive objects or surfaces (e.g., body tissue).

[0122] 7A, 7B, and 7C schematically illustrate example cross-sectional views of different electrode assemblies for a clutch system, which may include various insulating properties. For example, FIG. 7A includes a cross-sectional view of a first exemplary assembly 702a. The first exemplary assembly 702a may include or correspond to one or more of the other electrode assemblies discussed herein. In the example of FIG. 7A, the first exemplary assembly 702a includes a first conductive member 706a housed by a first electrode housing 710a. In one example, the first electrode housing 710a hermetically seals and insulates the first conductive member 706a from the environment.

[0123] The first electrode housing 710a can include at least a first polymer substrate 704a and a first dielectric member 708a. In the example of FIG. 7A , the bottom surface of the first conductive member 706a is bonded to the top surface of the first polymer substrate 704a. The first conductive member 706a can be deposited or otherwise attached to the first polymer substrate 704a, for example, along surfaces near or adjacent thereto. In the example of FIG. 7A , the first dielectric member 708a can be bonded around the other side or surface of the first conductive member 706a. For example, the first dielectric member 708a can be provided around or bonded to the top and side surfaces of the first dielectric member 708a, and bonding the first dielectric member 708a to the first polymer substrate 704a can enclose the first conductive member 706a between the first dielectric member 708a and the first polymer substrate 704a.

[0124] The first exemplary assembly 702a includes a first conductive lead 712a that passes through a first polymer substrate 704a and provides an electrical signal communication path between a first conductive member 706a and an access terminal within a first electrode housing 710a. In one example, the resulting signal communication path can be used to couple the first conductive member 706a to a signal generator 306.

[0125] 7B includes a cross-sectional view of a second exemplary assembly 702b. The second exemplary assembly 702b can include or correspond to one or more of the other electrode assemblies described herein. In the example of FIG. 7B, the second exemplary assembly 702b includes a second conductive member 706b housed by a second electrode housing 710b. In one example, the second electrode housing 710b hermetically seals and insulates the second conductive member 706b from the environment.

[0126] The second electrode housing 710b can include at least a second polymer substrate 704b and a second dielectric member 708b. In the example of FIG. 7B, at least a portion of the side and bottom surfaces of the second conductive member 706b can be bonded to or embedded in the second polymer substrate 704b. In the example of FIG. 7B, the second dielectric member 708b can be bonded around other sides or surfaces of the second conductive member 706b. For example, the second dielectric member 708b can be provided around or bonded to the top surface of the second dielectric member 708b and can be bonded around all or a portion of the side surfaces of the second dielectric member 708b. Bonding the dielectric member and the polymer substrate can encapsulate the second conductive member 706b between the second dielectric member 708b and the second polymer substrate 704b.

[0127] The second exemplary assembly 702b includes a second conductive lead 712b that extends away from the second conductive member 706b to or through the second electrode housing 710b. In the example of FIG. 7B , the second conductive lead 712b is disposed on or between the second polymer substrate 704b and / or the second dielectric member 708b to provide an electrical signal communication path between the second conductive member 706b and an access terminal within the second electrode housing 710b. Other conductive lead configurations or accessories can be used as well, for example, to provide electrical communication between the signal generator 306 and the conductive members of the electrode assembly in the clutch system.

[0128] FIG. 7C includes a cross-sectional view of a third exemplary assembly 702c. The third exemplary assembly 702c can include or correspond to one or more of the other electrode assemblies described herein. In the example of FIG. 7C, the third exemplary assembly 702c can include at least a third conductive member 706c coupled between a third polymer substrate 704c and a third dielectric member 708c. In the example of FIG. 7C, the bottom surface of the third conductive member 706c is coupled to the top surface of the third polymer substrate 704c. The third conductive member 706c can be deposited or otherwise attached to the third polymer substrate 704c, for example, along a surface near or adjacent thereto. In the example of FIG. 7C, the third dielectric member 708c can be coupled to a second, opposite side of the third conductive member 706c, for example, without being coupled to or along the side of the third conductive member 706c. The sides of the third conductive member 706c may be uncovered or exposed to facilitate coupling to external circuitry such as the signal generator 306.

[0129] The example of FIG. 7C includes a lubricant 714 disposed on or coupled to the third dielectric member 708c. The lubricant 714 can include a material configured to smooth or fill any irregularities in the surface of the third dielectric member 708c, thereby providing a low coefficient of friction. In one example, a clutch system can include a pair of electrode assemblies, at least one of which can include a lubricant. When the assemblies are disposed adjacent to each other face-to-face and are subjected to repeated stresses where the surfaces slide or move against each other, the lubricant can help extend the life of the system and reduce wear on the electrode assembly(ies). In one example, the lubricant 714 can include an ink-based, polymer-based, or other printable material that can be deposited in a relatively thin layer on the third dielectric member 708c. In one example, the lubricant 714 can have dielectric constant characteristics similar to those of the third dielectric member 708c.

[0130] In one example, the meniscus of the lubricant 714 can reduce the surface energy characteristics of the dielectric member 708c, which can aid in the initiation of electrostatic adhesion. The lubricant 714 can help fill pores or voids (e.g., defects) in the dielectric member 708c that could otherwise short through air, which has a low dielectric constant. In one example, the lubricant 714 can include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or other silicone hydraulic oil or grease.

[0131] In the examples of the first exemplary assembly 702a, the second exemplary assembly 702b, or the third exemplary assembly 702c, the respective dielectric or polymeric materials may be pre-existing materials or subassemblies, or may include materials printed, deposited, or formed during assembly of the electrode assemblies. For example, the electrode assemblies may include a film-based polymer substrate onto which conductive members can be printed or deposited. The dielectric members may include a dielectric material that can be deposited or printed or overprinted on the conductive members and the polymeric substrate. Overprinting can bond the dielectric material to the polymeric substrate or to other intervening materials, as shown in the examples of FIGS. 7A and 7B. In one example, the dielectric material or lubricant 714 may include a printed material deposited in multiple passes or layers to help maximize coverage uniformity. In some examples, the lubricant 714 or dielectric material may be printed or deposited in a patterned or irregular manner to provide different frictional characteristics or clutch behavior.

[0132] In an exemplary clutch system, the electrode assemblies in a particular pair of electrode assemblies can be similarly or differently configured. For example, the height, length, or width characteristics of the assemblies, or components of the assemblies, can be similar or different. In one example, different electrode assemblies in the same pair can have different length or width characteristics to facilitate or accommodate a relatively wide range of relative movement between the assemblies (e.g., along different axes, in multiple directions). Providing some clearance or room to allow one assembly to move laterally relative to another can help reduce repetitive wear that can form grooves or depressions in the surfaces of the assemblies.

[0133] FIGS. 8A and 8B schematically illustrate example top views of different electrode assemblies for a clutch system. The electrode assemblies may include various insulating properties or components that can help minimize or prevent contact between the conductive portions and other objects. For example, FIG. 8A includes a top view of a fourth example assembly 802a. The fourth example assembly 802a may include or correspond to one or more of the other electrode assemblies discussed herein. In the example of FIG. 8A, the fourth example assembly 802a includes a fourth conductive member 806a at least partially encased by a housing including a fourth polymer substrate 804a and a fourth dielectric member 808a. In the example of FIG. 8A, the fourth dielectric member 808a is deposited on the top and side surfaces of the fourth conductive member 806a, as similarly shown in the cross-sectional view examples of FIGS. 7A and 7B. The example of FIG. 8A includes a third conductive lead 810 that provides an electrical signal path between a drive signal source, e.g., signal generator 306, and the fourth conductive member 806a.

[0134] FIG. 8B includes a top view of a fifth exemplary assembly 802b. The fifth exemplary assembly 802b can include or correspond to one or more of the other electrode assemblies discussed herein. In the example of FIG. 8B, the fifth exemplary assembly 802b includes a fifth conductive member 806b partially encapsulated by a housing including a fifth polymer substrate 804b and a fifth dielectric member 808b. In the example of FIG. 8B, the fifth dielectric member 808b is deposited on the top surface and lengthwise sides of the fifth conductive member 806b. The widthwise sides of the fifth conductive member 806b can be exposed or uncovered by the fifth dielectric member 808b. The examples of FIGS. 8A and 8B generally illustrate that the sides can be partially or fully covered or encapsulated by the substrate and dielectric medium; permutations and configurations other than those illustrated can be used as well.

[0135] 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D show schematic top views of various example electrode assembly components or assemblies. As similarly described elsewhere herein, when conductive components of different electrode assemblies are placed adjacent to one another in a clutch system, an electrostatic force can be generated to hold the assembly together. The magnitude of the force can depend on the electrical signal used to drive the electrode assembly and can also depend on the configuration of the conductive components themselves. That is, the inventors have recognized that the magnitude of the clutch force in a clutch system can be controlled, at least in part, by the geometry or shape of the conductors, which in turn can affect the distribution density of the electric field around the conductors when receiving an electrical signal, such as from a signal generator 306.

[0136] For example, FIG. 9A schematically illustrates one example of a sixth exemplary assembly 902a including a substrate component, a conductive member, and a dielectric component, similar to those shown in the example of FIG. 8B. In the example of FIG. 9A, the dielectric component includes a dielectric gradient member 904. The dielectric gradient member 904 may include a dielectric material deposited non-uniformly or irregularly around a top surface of the conductive member. In one example, the gradient may represent a variable thickness of the dielectric gradient member 904 or may represent a variable permittivity characteristic of the dielectric component. The variable thickness or permittivity characteristic of the dielectric gradient member 904 may affect the behavior or power consumption of a clutch system including the sixth exemplary assembly 902a.

[0137] FIG. 9B schematically illustrates a seventh exemplary assembly 902b including a substrate component and a conductive member. While a dielectric component may optionally be included in an electrode assembly including the seventh exemplary assembly 902b, such a dielectric component is omitted from the drawing. The seventh exemplary assembly 902b includes an irregular conductive member 906. That is, the irregular conductive member 906 may include a conductive member similar to one or more of the other conductive members or components described elsewhere herein, but the irregular conductive member 906 includes side edge features, surface features, or other features of an irregular shape. In the example of FIG. 9B, the conductive member has notches cut into its longitudinal sides.

[0138] When the irregular conductive member 906 receives a drive signal, such as from the signal generator 306, the irregular conductive member 906 can provide an electric field around its surface area. Because the surface area is irregular, the resulting electric field can be non-uniform. As a result, the behavior of a clutch system including the seventh exemplary assembly 902b can differ from the behavior of a system including a more uniform conductive member.

[0139] In some examples, the seventh exemplary assembly 902b can be used where the clutch system features different, discrete “stops” or clutch positions. The positions can correspond to specific electrode orientations. For example, the clutch system can be configured to stop where relatively wide portions of adjacent conductive members overlap in different electrode assemblies because, for example, a larger electric field can be generated between such areas due to their relatively large surface area. Narrower portions can exhibit a smaller electric field, allowing the assembly to “slip” or move to one of the discrete positions.

[0140] FIG. 9C schematically illustrates an example of an eighth exemplary assembly 902c including a substrate component and a conductive member. A dielectric component can optionally be included in the electrode assembly including the eighth exemplary assembly 902c, but such a dielectric is omitted from the drawing. The eighth exemplary assembly 902c includes a tapered conductive member 908. In this example, the tapered conductive member 908 has a greater conductive surface area per unit substrate area near a first side of the eighth exemplary assembly 902c and a smaller conductive surface area per unit substrate area near an opposing second side of the eighth exemplary assembly 902c. As with the example of FIG. 9B, the clutch operation of a clutch system including the eighth exemplary assembly 902c can be affected or varied by the shape and orientation of the tapered conductive member 908.

[0141] 9D schematically illustrates an example of a ninth exemplary assembly 902d including a substrate component and a conductive member. A dielectric component can optionally be included in the electrode assembly including the ninth exemplary assembly 902d, but such a dielectric is omitted from the drawing. The ninth exemplary assembly 902d includes a perforated conductive member 910. The perforated conductive member 910 can be configured with perforations or through-holes of various sizes, shapes, or orientations that can affect the electric field when the exemplary assembly is driven by an electrical signal. In one example, different electric fields can be provided by regularly or irregularly distributing the perforations.

[0142] In one example, a clutch system can include electrodes or conductive members or conductors of similar or different configurations. For example, the seventh exemplary assembly 902b can be provided as a first electrode assembly in a clutch system opposite the eighth exemplary assembly 902c. In another example, two separate instances of the seventh exemplary assembly 902b can be provided in a clutch system. In another example, the sixth exemplary assembly 902a can be provided as a first electrode assembly in a clutch system opposite the ninth exemplary assembly 902d. Other combinations and permutations of different electrode conductor types, shapes, sizes, and orientations can be used as well to provide different types of clutch action and different amounts of clutch force.

[0143] 10A includes a first view of an exemplary encapsulant 1000 for an electrostatic adhesive clutch device, for use with, for example, an article of clothing. The exemplary encapsulant 1000 can be made of a flexible or conformable material and can form a protective enclosure for the electrode or electrode assembly that includes the clutch device. Other components or devices of the clutch system, such as an electrical signal generator, an accelerometer, or other devices, can be provided within the enclosure.

[0144] In FIG. 10A , the exemplary encapsulant 1000 includes an elongated sleeve or hollow tube 1008 within which electrodes of a clutch device can be mounted. The electrodes can be configured to slide laterally relative to one another when the clutch device is disengaged, and the tube or sleeve can be configured to correspondingly expand or contract to retain the electrodes therein. In one example, the exemplary encapsulant 1000 includes a first end 1004 and a second end 1006. The exemplary encapsulant 1000 can be attached to a textile or article of clothing at each of the first end 1004 and the second end 1006. One or both of the first or second ends can form a watertight seal to help protect the contents within the hollow tube 1008 (shown in FIG. 10C ). The tube 1008, or elongated flexible housing, can be made of a resilient material and can also include a ribbed fabric. The ribbed fabric is constructed of a rubberized material. The housing may include a water-repellent finish on the exterior surface of the housing.

[0145] In one example, a first electrode assembly of the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be secured to a first end of an elongated flexible housing, and a second electrode assembly of the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be secured to a second end of the elongated flexible housing. A center or intermediate portion of the elongated flexible housing is configured to move relative to the first and second electrode assemblies. The elongated flexible housing can form an airtight fit around the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0146] In one example, the flexible enclosure is made of a stretch knit material coated with thermoplastic polyurethane. The flexible enclosure can be made of a four-way stretch material coated with polyurethane, such as spandex, for example, made from tricot polyester (e.g., a blend of 85% polyester and 15% spandex). The flexible enclosure may be substantially windproof and waterproof and can be made of a stretchy fabric, such as a thin neoprene material with a black polyurethane coating.

[0147] In another example, the enclosure can be made to be waterproof, water-resistant, water-repellent, or any variation thereof. The enclosure can be made to comply with various standards for water ingress. For example, the enclosure can comply with water ingress standards for consumer electronics as defined by the Ingress Protection Classification (IPC) for electrical appliances, such as IPX2, IPX7, IPX8, or other appropriate water ingress protection levels. IPC test IPX2 includes dripping water at a maximum angle of 15°, which specifies that vertically dripping water will not have any harmful effects when the enclosure is tilted at an angle of up to 15° from its normal position. The test duration is 10 minutes, with a water rate equivalent to a rainfall of 3 mm per minute.

[0148] IPC test IPX7 states that when the enclosure is immersed in water (e.g., up to 1 meter) under specified conditions of pressure and time, no harmful amounts of water should be able to enter. The test duration is 30 minutes, with an immersion depth of up to 1 meter measured at the bottom of the device and at least 15 cm measured at the top of the device.

[0149] IPC test IPX8, for example, involves immersion of over one meter at 3-5 ATM, which may essentially equate to a depth of 30 or 50 meters. This test helps determine whether a device is suitable for continuous immersion in water under conditions specified by the manufacturer.

[0150] The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 60529 (or the equivalent European standard EN60529) classifies and rates the degree of protection provided by mechanical cases and electrical enclosures against ingress, dust, accidental contact, and water. Other standards that can measure or rate water ingress may include IEC standard 60529, MIL-STD-810, and / or DIN40050-9.

[0151] In one example, an electrostatic adhesive device including the containment can be fabricated to drape with similar or identical drape characteristics to the fabric to which the containment is applied. Drape generally refers to the shape or profile of a fabric when held by its edges, or the way the fabric covers an object when used as a tablecloth or skirt; in the latter case, it is often referred to as the formability of the fabric as a result of the material reacting to gravity under its own weight. In one example, an electrostatic adhesive device (e.g., an electrostatic adhesive clutch and containment) can have substantially the same drape characteristics as the fabric with which the device is used. For example, components of the electrostatic adhesive device and containment can be fabricated to correspond to the drape coefficient of the fabric or other textile with which they are used, as determined using the techniques described in ISO Standard 9073-9:2008 for determining drape coefficient.

[0152] FIG. 10B includes a second view of the exemplary encapsulant 1000 from the back side of the device. In some examples, the body of the exemplary encapsulant 1000 may include ribs 1002 or other suitable texture to visually match the article of clothing. The ribs 1002 may also serve as a functional feature to provide frictional retention between the exemplary encapsulant 1000 and the fabric of the article of clothing. The ribs 1002 may be made of rubber, silicone, or other compliant materials with a relatively high coefficient of friction. Additionally, all or a portion of the exterior surface 1014 of the exemplary encapsulant 1000, including the portion having the ribs 1002, may be coated with a waterproof or water-repellent finish. The ribs 1002 may be located on the body of the exemplary encapsulant 1000, on one side of the exemplary encapsulant 1000, on both sides of the exemplary encapsulant 1000, or any other suitable combination.

[0153] For example, the rib material can be made by bonding a four-way stretch material (e.g., spandex or other suitable material) to an elastic banding material. The elastic banding material can be bonded to the containment (e.g., exemplary encapsulant material 1000) using a heat-activated film (e.g., NASA-T by Sampo Corp.). The bonding causes the containment to come together to form a ribbed pattern.

[0154] FIG. 10C shows a third side end view of the exemplary encapsulant 1000. First and second electrode assemblies can be inserted into the exemplary encapsulant 1000 at the opening 1010. That is, the electrode assemblies can be introduced into the exemplary encapsulant 1000 such that they can be laterally encapsulated within or inside the hollow tube 1008. Other components, such as the signal generator 110, the accelerometer 124, or the sensor 120, can additionally or alternatively be inserted and encapsulated within the exemplary encapsulant 1000. The exemplary encapsulant 1000 can form an airtight fit or seal around the first and second electrode assemblies, along with any other components similarly encapsulated. The encapsulant can be configured to extend laterally and / or longitudinally.

[0155] In one example, the encapsulant or housing serves to bias the enclosed first and second electrode assemblies toward each other, facilitating the assemblies remaining in intimate contact while maintaining sufficient spacing to allow the assemblies to move or slide laterally relative to each other.

[0156] In one example, the hollow tube 1008 may comprise a transparent or translucent material. In this example, electrodes of a clutch device disposed inside the tube may be visible to a user. In one example, the tube may be filled with a fluid (e.g., using translucent oil or other fluid). The tube may optionally be illuminated, such as with a lighting intensity or color tone, to indicate the clutch state of the clutch device or the magnitude of the clutch force provided by a clutch device, such as may be enclosed within the tube. In one example, the tube itself or a material within the tube may be electroluminescent, i.e., configured to emit light in response to an electrical signal or electric field (e.g., from the clutch device or another source).

[0157] FIG. 10D schematically illustrates an example of a hollow tube 1008 of the exemplary encapsulant 1000 with a clutch indicator 134 that can provide information regarding the clutch operation of a clutch device within, near, or coupled to the tube. In the example of FIG. 10D , the clutch indicator 134 includes one or more light sources, such as light-emitting diodes or LEDs, embodied as an LED circuit 1018. The LED circuit 1018 can be coupled to the hollow tube 1008, such as inside or outside the tube. The tube can optionally include a transparent or translucent material. The LED circuit 1018 can include one or more LED devices, which can be distributed or positioned, for example, along the length of the hollow tube 1008. The LED devices that comprise the LED circuit 1018 can be configured to emit light of the same or different wavelengths or tones, or each device can be configured to emit light at multiple different wavelengths or tones.

[0158] The LED circuit 1018 can be coupled to a lighting drive circuit 1016 configured to provide a power signal to one or more LED devices including the LED circuit 1018. The lighting drive circuit 1016 can receive lighting instructions, for example, from the signal generator 110. In one example, the lighting drive circuit 1016 can control the brightness or hue of the light emitted by the LED circuit 1018 based on clutch drive signal characteristics provided by the signal generator 110. For example, when a relatively large clutch drive signal (e.g., corresponding to a strong actuation of a clutch device disposed within the hollow tube 1008) is provided to the clutch device 108 by the signal generator 110, the lighting drive circuit 1016 provides a relatively large power signal to the LED circuit 1018, thereby brightly illuminating the LED devices including the LED circuit 1018. When a lower magnitude clutch drive signal (e.g., corresponding to weak or no actuation of a clutch device disposed within hollow tube 1008) is provided by signal generator 110 to clutch device 108, lighting drive circuit 1016 can provide a relatively low-power signal to LED circuit 1018, thereby dimly illuminating the LED device. Similarly, lighting drive circuit 1016 can be used to control LED circuit 1018 to emit different color tones of light depending on characteristics of one or more signals from signal generator 110 or based on information from one or more of the other sensors 120 of adaptive support system 100. Thus, clutch indicator 134, including, for example, LED circuit 1018, can provide visual feedback to a user or wearer of adaptive support system 100 regarding the operation or status of the system. The feedback can be used, for example, to verify that the system is functioning or to assist in user training, such as training the user to use a different gait or cadence.

[0159] Although an LED device is mentioned, other illumination sources may similarly be used within or with hollow tube 1008. For example, liquid crystals, electroluminescent or phosphorescent materials, lamps, or other light sources may similarly be used. In one example, hollow tube 1008 may contain or be filled with a fluid, which may be illuminated. The fluid may optionally include a liquid, and in one example, the clutch device may be immersed in the liquid. In one example, the liquid may have a viscosity or other property that helps to extend the life of the clutch device, such as over thousands of clutch actuation cycles.

[0160] FIG. 10E schematically illustrates an example pair of electrode assemblies that may comprise an electroluminescent display electrostatic adhesive clutch, or ELD EAC. This example may include a first ELD electrode assembly 1020 and a second ELD electrode assembly 1030. In the example of FIG. 10E, the ELD assemblies are each shown in an exploded view to better illustrate some of the layers. In use, the first and second ELD electrode assemblies 1020 and 1030 may be arranged to at least partially overlap, as similarly shown in the example of the first electrostatic adhesive clutch system 200. During use, the overlapping area may emit light, as indicated by the portion between the dashed lines in FIG. 10E. In one example, one or both of the electrode assemblies may be configured to emit light.

[0161] An example of a first ELD electrode assembly 1020 can include a film substrate 1021, a conductive layer 1022, a phosphor layer 1023, and a dielectric layer 1024. An example of a second ELD electrode assembly 1030 can include a film substrate 1034, a conductive layer 1033, a phosphor layer 1032, and a dielectric layer 1031. In one example, the film substrates 1021 and 1034 can include, for example, a PETE film, which can be a transparent polymer film, for example, and can have a thickness of about 50 μm. The phosphor layers 1023 and 1032 can include an electroluminescent material that can be configured to emit light, such as white light or colored light. In one example, the phosphor layer can include DuPont 8150L / 8152B material. Each phosphor layer can be deposited or printed and can have a thickness of about 5000 angstroms. In one example, the conductive layer 1022 of the first ELD electrode assembly 1020 can include an aluminum coating or other conductive material, for example, having a thickness of approximately 5000 angstroms. In one example, the conductive layer 1033 of the second ELD electrode assembly 1030 can include an indium tin oxide (ITO) material or a conductive polymer such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Thus, the conductive layer can include a substantially translucent material, and in some examples, can have a thickness of approximately 2000 angstroms. Providing at least one of the conductive layers with a translucent or transparent material helps maximize the amount of light that can be emitted from the system. In other examples, the conductive layer can be perforated or irregularly shaped to prevent at least one of the conductive layers from blocking light emitted from the phosphor layer. In the example of FIG. 10E, the dielectric layers 1024 and 1031 can include a dielectric ink such as DuPont LuxPrint 8153. Dielectric layers 1024 and 1031 may have a thickness of approximately 32 micrometers. The various thickness information is provided as an example only, and other dimensions may be used as well.

[0162] 11 illustrates a schematic example of assembling an electrostatic adhesive system for an article of clothing via a storage method 1100. The storage method 1100 may include or use various elements of the first clutch system 200, the electrostatic adhesive system 302, or the second clutch system 400, or other systems or devices described herein.

[0163] At block 1102, the housing method 1100 can include assembling an electrostatic adhesive clutch device for an electrostatic adhesive clutch system. In one example, block 1102 can include assembling an elongated flexible housing that forms a waterproof enclosure to receive first and second electrode assemblies of the clutch device. Block 1102 can also include assembling or providing an electrical signal generator to provide first and second drive signals to the first and second electrode assemblies to actuate the clutch system.

[0164] In one example, an accelerometer can be disposed within the housing. The accelerometer can be configured to measure the movement of a body to which the electrostatic adhesive clutch device is coupled, and an electrical signal generator configured to drive the electrode assembly can be configured to generate a drive signal based on the measured movement from the accelerometer. When the housing accelerates at a high speed, the accelerometer measures the speed, and the measured speed information can be sent to a processor to determine whether the speed meets a specified threshold indicating that the electrostatic adhesive clutch should be energized. Following a determination that the speed meets the threshold, the processor can then send a command to the electrical signal generator to provide one or more signals to the electrode assembly of the electrostatic adhesive clutch device.

[0165] In block 1104, the assembled electrostatic adhesive clutch device can be inserted into a flexible housing, which can provide a waterproof enclosure around the first and second electrode assemblies. An electrical signal generator can be inserted into the flexible housing along with the first and second electrode assemblies, or a signal lead can be coupled to or through a portion of the flexible housing. In one example, the housing can be attached to the textile material of the clothing article at least at a first end of the housing. The housing allows the clothing article to be selectively static (i.e., clutched) or flexible.

[0166] In one example, a first electrode assembly of an electrostatic adhesive clutch within the housing can be substantially fixed relative to a first end of the housing, a second electrode assembly of the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be fixed relative to a second end of the housing, and a middle section of the housing can be configured to move relative to the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0167] In block 1106, the electrostatic adhesive clutch within the flexible enclosure can be secured to a textile material. For example, the flexible enclosure can include a first strap of a two-strap system for a sports bra. The flexible enclosure can be sewn, attached, embedded, or otherwise secured to the strap of the sports bra.

[0168] In one example, the electrical signal generator can provide a signal to the electrostatic adhesive device. Continuing with the example given with reference to block 1106, a wearer may wear a sports bra for running. The straps of the sports bra include a flexible housing that houses the electrostatic adhesive clutch device. The accelerometer 424 can measure the wearer's acceleration, and when the acceleration meets a threshold condition, the electrical signal generator can provide a signal to the electrostatic adhesive device that turns on the electrostatic adhesive device, thereby statically positioning or locking the overlapping portions of the first and second electrode assemblies relative to each other. This static positioning or locking feature of the sports bra can support the wearer's body as they accelerate and decelerate at painful or harmful speeds.

[0169] In one example, the accelerometer can be configured to measure the magnitude of acceleration of at least a portion of the electrostatic adhesive device or a body portion to which the electrostatic adhesive device is coupled. An electrical signal generator, such as signal generator 306, can be configured to generate a signal having a magnitude and / or frequency characteristic based at least in part on the magnitude of the acceleration.

[0170] In one example, the effective elasticity or adaptability of a textile or wearable article can be adjusted based on information about body motion using a clutch system. For example, if a wearer of the article accelerates at high speed (e.g., while running), the measured acceleration of the wearer can be used to stiffen (e.g., maintain or render stationary) a clutch system within or integrated with the clothing article by applying one or more specific signals to an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. The stiffness or static nature of the clothing article allows the article to support the wearer while the wearer is experiencing motion.

[0171] 12A and 12B include simplified side view examples 1200a, 1200b, respectively, of a thermal bond interface between a portion of a clutch device (e.g., first conductive member 408) and an exemplary encapsulant 1202. It should be understood that examples 1200a, 1200b are simplified for illustrative purposes and may similarly incorporate any component of first clutch system 200, second clutch system 400, or any clutch system disclosed herein. However, other components have been omitted to clarify the bond between first conductive member 408 and exemplary encapsulant 1202. Examples 1200a and 1200b differ in that in example 1200a, the exemplary encapsulant 1202 is provided on a first major surface (e.g., only on the first major surface) of the first conductive member 408, while in example 1200b, the exemplary encapsulant 1202 surrounds the first conductive member 408 and is in contact with the first major surface and the opposite second major surface.

[0172] Examples 1200a, 1200b are shown with respect to a perforated conductive member 910. However, it should be appreciated and understood that any particular implementation of first conductive member 408 is contemplated, including, but not limited to, all of the examples in Figures 9A-9D, and that the principles described with respect to perforated conductive member 910 are applicable to any first conductive member 408. Furthermore, while first conductive member 408 is presented for purposes of examples 1200a, 1200b, it should be appreciated and understood that the same principles apply to second conductive member 420 and any conductive member of any system or device described herein.

[0173] In examples 1200a and 1200b, the example encapsulant 1202 is bonded to the first conductive member 408 by any suitable mechanism, such as hot melt, radio frequency or ultrasonic welding, or any other technique known in the art. Heating the example encapsulant 1202 causes the example encapsulant 1202 to flow into holes or openings, such as openings 1204, which may be formed in any one or more of the first conductive member 408, dielectric member 410, polymer substrate, or other components. While the presence of holes can promote bonding and a secure and resilient interface between the first conductive member 408 and the example encapsulant 1202, examples of first conductive member 408 without holes can still provide bonding between the first conductive member 408 and the example encapsulant 1202. In some examples, the bonded portions of the electrode assembly do not include through-holes, but instead include a rough or uneven surface configured to enhance adhesive-based bonding with adjacent members.

[0174] Heating or otherwise applying energy to the first conductive member 408 and / or the exemplary encapsulant 1202 can cause the materials of the first conductive member 408 and / or the exemplary encapsulant 1202 to melt and flow together, forming a bond region 1206. The bond region 1206 is a region where the molecules of the conductive member 408 or 910 and the exemplary encapsulant 1202 intermingle or mix. After the conductive member 408 or 910 and the exemplary encapsulant 1202 cool, a bond forms in the bond region 1206, tending to secure the exemplary encapsulant 1202 to the conductive member, and vice versa.

[0175] The materials of the first conductive member 408 and the exemplary encapsulant 1202 are selected to be compatible with heating both materials, thereby forming a strong bond in the bond region 1206 without compromising or destroying the underlying integrity of the first conductive member 408 and the exemplary encapsulant 1202. In one example, the first conductive member 408 proximate the bond region 1206 is made of Mylar. In one example, the exemplary encapsulant 1202 is formed of a knitted fabric having elastomeric fibers with a melting temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of Mylar.

[0176] As described in detail herein, the first conductive member 408 and the second conductive member 420 are configured to slide laterally relative to one another. Accordingly, examples 1200a and 1200b show the first conductive member 408 bonded to the example encapsulant 1202 at or near a first end of the example encapsulant 1202. In such examples, the second conductive member 420 may be bonded to the example encapsulant 1202 at or near a second end of the example encapsulant 1202 opposite the first end. As a result, the first and second conductive members 408 and 420 are adapted to slide laterally along the inside of a central portion of the housing containing the example encapsulant 1202 when movement of the conductive members is not hindered by operation of the clutch 200, as described in detail herein.

[0177] The resulting bonded article, including the first conductive member 408 and the housing containing or comprising the exemplary encapsulant 1202, can be incorporated into a wearable article or apparel as disclosed herein by securing the exemplary encapsulant 1202 to the wearable article. In various examples, the exemplary encapsulant 1202 can be sewn, fastened, bonded, or otherwise secured to the wearable article without using a mechanism that passes through the conductive members of the clutch, such as the first conductive member 408. Doing so can help maintain the structural integrity of the conductive members of the clutch as well as maintain the waterproof properties of the exemplary encapsulant 1202. However, it should be recognized and understood that fastening techniques, such as sewing, can be used to contact the first conductive member 408 without compromising the functional capabilities of the conductive members of the clutch or the durability of the clutch device or system.

[0178] Figures 12C-12K schematically illustrate an exemplary method for attaching electrodes of a clutch device to a substrate or other conductor, such as can be used to connect the electrodes to a power source or controller. First, a heat-activated film (e.g., NASA-T by Sampo Corp.), e.g., approximately 200 μm thick, can be cut to fit the exposed conductive portion of the electrode (e.g., aluminum; labeled "AL" in Figure 12C), optionally with an overhanging portion of a specific depth or width (see Figure 12C). A dielectric-coated portion of the electrode (e.g., coated with a dielectric ink such as DuPont LuxPrint 8153) can be adjacent to the exposed conductive portion of the electrode. Next, the ends of multiple wire conductors (e.g., 28 AWG) can be flared or fanned (Figure 12D). The ends can be cut to a length approximately equal to the depth of the exposed portion of the conductor. The fanned wires can then be placed over the exposed conductive portion (e.g., the portion labeled "AL" in the example of Figure 12C) and optionally centered. Wire insulation can be provided at or adjacent to the edge of the Mylar to minimize the thickness or bulk of the assembly (see Figure 12E).

[0179] The liner or backing can then be removed from one side of each of the two strips of heat-activated film. The strips can be used to attach multiple wire conductors and Mylar by sandwiching the conductors and Mylar between them (see, e.g., FIG. 12F, which shows the strips spaced apart from the conductor / Mylar assembly prior to attachment). Strips of masking or protective material, such as masking tape or other non-permanent adhesive material, can then be applied to the edges of the film and to both sides of the conductors to temporarily hold the assembly in place for further processing (see, e.g., FIG. 12G, which shows the strips of tape in place on the assembly).

[0180] The assembly can then be aligned or adjusted to be positioned just inside the edges of the opposing plates of a double-sided heat press. In the example of Figure 12H, the plates of the heat press are shown as blocks labeled "HOT." Each side of the press's platens can be coated with a release agent (e.g., parchment paper or similar). The conductors can be sewn between the release agents without touching the platens, and the dielectric (e.g., ink-coated) portion of the electrode assembly can optionally be provided outside the platen area. A press can then be used to fasten the film and conductors in place, e.g., so that the conductor wires are in electrical contact with the conductive portions of the electrodes. The press can be adjusted or optimized to ensure an optimal bond (e.g., set to heat at about 190°F for about 6 seconds with about 6 PSI pressure). After the press cycle, the masking agent and release agent can be removed or cut off (Figure 12I).

[0181] Next, a polymer webbing (e.g., stretchable or non-stretchable) can be provided, such as one with a uniform texture or including a nonwoven material. The webbing can have a width of about W / 2, or half the width of the electrode assembly. In one example, the webbing can be cut to a length of about 6D, so that the folded portion has a width of about 3D (FIG. 12J). Tape or other adhesive can then be used to hold the webbing in place against the Mylar, with the wire portion disposed between the two webs (FIG. 12K). The assembly can then be aligned in a heat press with a release agent and reheated (e.g., at about 240°F for about 11 seconds and about 6 PSI). After heat pressing, the assembly can be removed, the tape or other release agent removed, and the assembly can be trimmed to the desired dimensions or excess material removed. A sensor can then optionally be attached and optionally heat pressed to secure the sensor to the assembly. Other means for attaching the sensor can also be used. The sensor can include, for example, a stretch sensor or other sensor configured to measure displacement of the electrode assembly or webbing. Another sensor or another portion of the same sensor can be similarly attached to the opposite facing electrode to provide a complete electrode assembly for the clutch.

[0182] 13A schematically illustrates an exemplary article of clothing 1300. Shown is a left front view of left storage 1304, a right front view of right storage 1306, a female front view of support garment 1302 with left fastening point 1308, right fastening point 1310, right cup 1312, and left cup 1314.

[0183] The exemplary garment 1300 is an example of a support garment for a wearer having a textile layer forming a support region configured to adjustably restrain displacement of a body portion of the wearer located proximate the support region. The exemplary garment 1300 may also include a hollow strap affixed to a portion of the textile layer. The hollow strap houses an electrostatic adhesive clutch device having a first electrode assembly and a second electrode assembly. The first and second electrode assemblies at least partially overlap and are configured to slide laterally relative to one another. The exemplary garment 1300 may also include an electrical signal generator, such as signal generator 110, to provide one or more signals to the first and second electrode assemblies, and the electrostatic adhesive clutch device may be configured to selectively adjust the amount by which the exemplary garment 1300 allows displacement of a body portion proximate the support region.

[0184] The exemplary article of apparel 1300 is a sports bra, and the support areas are the right cup 1312 and left cup 1314 of the sports bra. The hollow straps, referred to as the left and right housings, are shown in FIG. 13A as a front view of the left housing 1304 and a front view of the right housing 1306. Each hollow strap is individually addressable or controllable by a controller (e.g., by the control circuitry 112) to selectively adjust the absolute or relative amount that the support garment allows for displacement of a body part. For example, if the wearer has a larger left breast, the left housing 1304 may provide a different level of support than the right housing 1306 provides to the right breast.

[0185] 13B shows a rear view of exemplary apparel item 1300. The rear view of support garment 1320 shows a rear view of left storage 1316 and a rear view of right storage 1318. The support garment may include a garment control unit 1322 embedded within or coupled to the support garment. Garment control unit 1322 may include a system or processor configured to control actuation of the clutch.

[0186] The support garment may also include a signal generator configured to provide one or more electrical signals to the first and second electrode assemblies. The signal generator may be attached to the exemplary article of apparel 1300, such as in the garment control unit 1322. Alternatively and / or additionally, the signal generator may be embedded within the housing along with the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0187] The support garment is configured to inhibit displacement of the wearer's body part when the wearer or the wearer's body part is measured at an acceleration higher than a threshold value. The support garment is configured to relax or allow the support garment to flex.

[0188] In some embodiments, the support garment is an athletic supporter having a right hollow strap (e.g., flexible housing for an electrostatic adhesive clutch device) affixed to the right side of the fabric layer forming the support region and a left hollow strap attached to the left side of the fabric layer forming the support region, both of which work in conjunction to selectively restrict or permit displacement of corresponding body parts of the wearer.

[0189] While the illustrated embodiment includes a female support garment, other garments are contemplated herein, including joint braces (e.g., knee braces), athletic supports, athletic girdles, shin guards, soccer pads, weightlifting support straps, sneakers for various sports (e.g., golf, mountain biking, skiing, climbing), and other suitable garments that provide support to the wearer. Additionally, additional garments are contemplated and within the scope of the solutions discussed herein, including undergarments, vests, socks, sleeves, and protective gear (e.g., helmets, pads, shields).

[0190] In some embodiments, the electrostatic adhesive clutch device can comprise part of a modular apparel system. For example, a support garment (or other garment or apparel article) can be configured to optionally include or use an electrostatic adhesive clutch device, or other types of clutch devices, or one or more other systems or devices. In one example, the clutch device can comprise a modular attachment mechanism provided on or on the front, side, or back of the garment. For example, the device can be configured to attach to the front of the support garment, e.g., between the chest, or to attach to or on the back of the support garment, e.g., between the shoulder blades. The modular nature of the system can provide a user with different levels or types of control or support (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 13A-13B ), for example, without the need to integrate an active device with the garment (e.g., sewn or otherwise permanently affixed at the time of manufacture). In one example, a garment with support for modular attachment of the clutch also includes one or more straps, or hollow conduits through which straps can pass, that can be selectively coupled to the garment to provide functionality, e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 13A-13B . In some embodiments, the support garment can include a men's athletic supporter that includes or is configured to use a modular clutch device.

[0191] 13C shows an example of a garment control unit 1322. This example shows a rear view of the left storage 1316 and a rear view of the right storage 1318. The garment control unit 1322 can be a modular device configured to attach to the support garment 1302 and can include an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. The electrostatic adhesive clutch device can be provided within the right storage 1318, the left storage 1316, and / or can be located adjacent to the control unit base 1336.

[0192] The garment control unit 1322 may include left and right straps 1324 and 1326, which may include adjustment straps, electrostatic adhesive clutch devices, one or more sensors, or the like. The straps 1324 and 1326 may be physically coupled to a base 1336 and attached to the support garment 1320 by various attachment mechanisms 1338, 1340, 1342, 1344, 1346, and 1348. The attachment mechanisms may include O-rings, D-rings, hook-and-loop fasteners, zippers, snaps, stitching, or any other type of suitable attachment mechanism for coupling the garment control unit 1322 to a portion of the support garment. In one example, the garment control unit 1322 is coupled to the support garment and / or a subcomponent attached to the support garment via a right connector 1332 and / or a left connector 1334. The right connector 1332 and the left connector 1334 may be used to attach additional modular units, including sensors such as an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a GPS, a heart rate monitor, an EKG monitor, or other sensors. In the example of FIG. 13C, the garment control unit 1322 includes a controller 1350, which may include the control circuit 112, or may include the processor circuit 304, or may include another dedicated controller that selectively activates the electrostatic adhesive clutch device.

[0193] In some embodiments, the garment control unit 1322 may be positioned at a location on the front of the support garment, e.g., between the chest, or at a location on the back of the support garment, e.g., between the shoulder blades. The modular unit may, for example, be useful for providing dynamic support for the user's body as described herein without being integrated with or permanently attached (e.g., sewn or otherwise permanently secured) to the support garment. The modular unit may include one or more hollow straps (e.g., right hollow strap 1326 and left hollow strap 1324) that can selectively couple to the support garment and provide functionality as described with respect to FIGS. 13A-13B.

[0194] Clutch devices or systems, or modular components thereof, can be provided for use with a variety of other support garments, such as women's or men's. FIG. 13D schematically illustrates a front view of a first men's support garment 1350. The men's support garment 1350 includes a left leg portion 1352, a right leg portion 1354, a cup portion 1356, and a waistband portion 1358. The men's support garment 1350 can include a clutch system that selectively constrains or relaxes various areas of the garment, including around the waist, legs, or crotch. FIG. 13E schematically illustrates an example of a second men's support garment 1360 or jockstrap. In some examples, the first and second men's support garments 1350 and 1360 can be used together.

[0195] An example of a second male support garment 1360 includes a waistband 1364, a cup portion 1366, a left leg band 1368 having a left hollow strap 1370, and a right leg band 1372 having a right hollow strap 1374. In one example, the second male support garment 1360 can include a garment control circuit 1362 coupled to the waistband 1364. The cup portion 1366 can include various fabric layers and corresponding shells (e.g., plastic cups) to provide support and protection for the wearer's penis and testicles.

[0196] In the example of FIG. 13E , hollow straps (e.g., left hollow strap 1370 and right hollow strap 1374) can be bonded to or embedded in a fabric layer of left leg band 1368 or right leg band 1372. In some embodiments, the hollow straps, which can include flexible housing or tubing for an electrostatic adhesive clutch device, can be secured to the leg bands and can include one or more clutch electrode assemblies. The electrode assemblies can be selectively energized or de-energized to selectively inhibit or allow displacement of cup portion 1366. The second example male support garment 1360 can further include an electrical signal generator, such as signal generator 110, to provide one or more signals to the electrode assemblies. In some embodiments, the clutches on right hollow strap 1370 and left hollow strap 1374 can be configured to function independently to provide a unique fit, or to function in conjunction to selectively inhibit or allow displacement in a coordinated manner.

[0197] 14 schematically illustrates an example support garment assembly and method of use 1400. The support garment may include or use various elements of the first clutch system 200, the electrostatic adhesive system 302, or the second clutch system 400, or other systems or devices discussed herein.

[0198] In block 1402, the support garment assembly and method of use 1400 includes forming a fabric layer for a support garment, e.g., having a support region. The support garment can be a sports bra, an athletic support, or another support garment having a support region. The support region can be the cup of a sports bra or the cup of an athletic support. The support region can have a defined area molded to a specific shape, or it can be an area made of a flexible or conformable material.

[0199] In block 1404, the support garment assembly and method of use 1400 includes forming a hollow strap to house the electrostatic adhesive clutch. The hollow strap may be a flexible housing manufactured via the example housing method 1100 of Figure 11. In one example, the hollow strap can contain first and second electrode assemblies.

[0200] At block 1406, the support garment assembly and method of use 1400 can include securing a fabric layer and a hollow strap together. For example, a fabric layer having a support region can be coupled with a hollow strap to provide selective support to body parts in contact with the support region. The strap is intended to be within close proximity of the support region to provide maximum support.

[0201] At block 1408, the support garment assembly and method of use 1400 can include providing a signal to the electrostatic adhesive device. The signal can be from an electrical signal generator indicating that the electrostatic adhesive device should engage, allowing the support garment to maintain its shape. For example, if a user is wearing a sports bra, a material that fits snugly to the wearer has already been preselected. However, if the user is running, the material may stretch and move, preventing the snug fit from providing sufficient support. The intended support garment provides a mechanism to limit the stretching and bending of the material, providing the user with the snug support originally intended.

[0202] 15 includes an example of a first diagram 1500. The first diagram 1500 includes a first position signal 1502 and a first acceleration signal 1504 that represent strains experienced by a runner's connective breast tissue over time. The first position signal 1502 is based on the displacement of the chest tissue over the same time period for the same runner. That is, the first diagram 1500 illustrates the relationship between the change in position of the breast tissue relative to the runner's trunk or torso during running and the corresponding vertical acceleration of the runner's trunk or torso.

[0203] The inventors have recognized that strain on Cooper's ligaments in breast tissue can be painful or uncomfortable, especially during periods of repetitive motion, such as running. From the example of Figure 15, it can be observed that there is a spike in the first position signal 1502, indicating significant strain on the ligament. The timing of maximum strain generally corresponds to an inflection point in the first acceleration signal 1504, which can represent a lower limit of tissue movement, such as may correspond to a rapid change in the direction of torso movement.

[0204] For example, when a person runs, the natural cadence of the running motion causes breast tissue to move up and down. This motion is repeated with each step while the person is running. This repetitive bouncing motion puts strain on ligaments, particularly Cooper's ligaments, which can cause long-term damage and pain. Furthermore, over time, the repetitive strain on the ligaments can cause breasts to sag.

[0205] 16 shows an example of a second diagram 1600 illustrating the performance of a support garment, according to some embodiments. The second diagram 1600 includes a second acceleration signal 1604, a second position signal 1602, and a clutch control signal 1606. In this example, the second acceleration signal 1604 generally corresponds to the first acceleration signal 1504 and may represent, for example, a change in torso position while running. The clutch control signal 1606 may represent the actuation of a clutch system, such as a clutch system for a bra, such as the exemplary article of apparel 1300. The runner represented by the second position signal 1602 may be wearing the bra of the exemplary article of apparel 1300.

[0206] In the example of Figure 16, the second position signal 1602 shows a reduction in strain compared to the first position signal 1502 of Figure 15. The reduction in strain can be attributed to the use of a system including an electrostatic adhesive device having at least two electrode assemblies configured to clutch and release. The electrostatic adhesive clutch system can be embedded within an article of clothing, such as exemplary apparel 1300. The article of clothing can selectively clutch and release to reduce strain on the ligaments as the wearer moves.

[0207] For example, a runner may wear a support sports bra with an electrostatic adhesive system embedded within the sports bra. When the system recognizes that the person is running, it signals the electrostatic adhesive clutch to energize and de-energize at intervals corresponding to the person's running pace. During upward and / or downward acceleration, the clutch can be energized to statically hold the clothing article in a stable, non-elastic position. The electrostatic adhesive clutch supports the person during exercise. When the system recognizes that the person is no longer running, it signals the electrostatic adhesive clutch to turn off or enter a sleep state, allowing the clothing article to return to its flexible, conformable, or relaxed state.

[0208] 17 includes an electrostatic adhesive system configured for use in footwear, according to some embodiments. In one example, footwear article 1702 includes a base portion 1704 and a footwear strap 1706. In some embodiments, base portion 1704 is made of a knit material for maximum comfort and flexibility. In some embodiments, footwear strap 1706 includes an electrostatic adhesive system (e.g., electrostatic adhesive system 302) that allows the footwear strap to be selectively fixed, static, or rigid. In one example, footwear 1702 can be worn as a casual and stylish footwear option while still having the support element provided by the selective support system of the electrostatic adhesive system.

[0209] For example, a slip-on sneaker that is comfortable for casual wear but also for running allows a wearer to wear one sneaker for multiple purposes. As shown in FIG. 17, footwear 1702 includes a strap portion that covers the upper portion of footwear 1702. The strap may include a mechanical and electrostatic adhesive system to secure the strap to the footwear and provide additional support, for example, by tightly enclosing the leg during one portion of a stride cycle and loosening the leg during another portion of the stride cycle while the wearer is running.

[0210] The footwear 1702 can be configured to support multiple activity modes, including a sport mode, a chill mode, or a dynamic mode. The footwear can adjust the level or timing of clutch actuation based on sensed input (e.g., from foot movement within the footwear, accelerometer readings, or other suitable sensors). The sport mode can provide the wearer with the highest level of support and protect the wearer from uncomfortable contact with the ground. The chill mode can provide a relaxed fit when the user is not in a state of intense exertion. The dynamic mode can provide a hybrid fit between the sport mode and the chill mode. In some embodiments, each mode can be manually selected based on input from the wearer. In some embodiments, each mode is automatically configured by the footwear or by another sensor within or coupled to the electrostatic adhesive system. Other articles of clothing can include electrostatic adhesive systems that can be similarly configured to include or use different activity modes.

[0211] In one example, the motion of the footwear 1702 can be sensed from the clutch system itself, for example, by monitoring the relative motion of electrodes, or from a motion sensor such as an accelerometer. The motion information can be used to selectively activate the clutch system to support the foot.

[0212] FIG. 18A illustrates an article of clothing, such as a first cool-down jacket 1800a, having one or more apertures coupled to an electrostatic adhesive clutch system, according to some embodiments. The first cool-down jacket 1800a can include one or more apertures, such as a first aperture 1802 and a second aperture 1804. The first aperture 1802 and the second aperture 1804 can each include or use an electrostatic adhesive system. For example, opposite portions of the apertures can include respective electrodes of the clutch system. When the electrodes are activated, the apertures can be selectively opened or closed. That is, electrodes can be coupled to or integrated with respective portions of the cool-down jacket 1800 opposite the apertures, thereby allowing the electrodes to be used to open and close the apertures.

[0213] As shown in first aperture 1802, first orthogonal clutch device 1806 and second orthogonal clutch device 1808 may be positioned adjacent to the opening provided by first aperture 1802. In some embodiments, a single orthogonal device or multiple orthogonal devices may be used depending on the size of the aperture. Each of the orthogonal devices may include an electrostatic adhesive system, such as electrostatic adhesive system 302. Each of the devices may be embedded within or coupled to the fabric or other material of first cooling down jacket 1800a, or may be positioned on a top layer of the clothing article for functional and / or aesthetic purposes.

[0214] As shown in the example of the second aperture 1804, the first parallel clutch device 1810 and the second parallel clutch device 1812 can be positioned adjacent to the opening provided by the second aperture 1804. The first parallel clutch device 1810 and the second parallel clutch device 1812 can be positioned parallel to each other and to the longitudinal direction of the second aperture 1804.

[0215] FIG. 18B shows a diagram of an article of clothing, such as a second cooling down jacket 1800b, according to some embodiments. In the example of FIG. 18B, first and second side apertures 1822 and 1828 can extend to respective underarm regions toward the torso region of the cooling down jacket 1800b. On a first side of the jacket, opposing or orthogonal electrodes 1824 and 1826 of a clutch device can be positioned adjacent to the opening provided by the first side aperture 1822. On a second side of the jacket, parallel electrodes 1830 and 1832 can be positioned adjacent to the opening provided by the second side aperture 1828. Additional apertures, such as torso apertures 1834 and 1838, can be provided with corresponding electrodes of respective clutch devices 1836 and 1840. Electrodes of the clutch devices adjacent or proximate to the apertures can be configured to selectively open and close the apertures to permit or inhibit airflow through the apertures, and thus through the article of clothing to the wearer. Control assemblies for the various clutch devices or electrodes can be located anywhere on the cool down jacket 1800b but are not shown in the illustrated example. Conductors that control the behavior of the electrodes can be routed through or adjacent to the fabric or other material comprising the jacket.

[0216] FIG. 18C shows a diagram of an article of clothing, such as a third cooling down jacket 1800c, according to some embodiments. In the example of FIG. 18C, a lateral aperture 1816 traverses the back of the cooling down jacket 1800 at the upper rear of the jacket. One or more clutch devices can be coupled adjacent to the aperture. In the example shown, multiple upper electrodes 1814 of the one or more clutch devices can be disposed orthogonally to the lateral aperture 1816, and multiple lower electrodes 1818 of the one or more clutch devices can be disposed orthogonally to the lateral aperture 1816. The upper and lower electrodes of each pair can be configured to clutch together and / or independently.

[0217] In one example, the third cooling down jacket 1800c includes an embedded temperature sensor, such as temperature sensor 130, to measure the wearer's body temperature. If the wearer's body temperature is below a specified threshold temperature, the various upper and lower electrodes can be energized to close the side apertures 1816, or portions thereof. If the wearer's body temperature is above a specified threshold temperature, the upper and lower electrodes can be de-energized to relax the fabric material and allow more airflow through the side apertures 1816 to reach the wearer.

[0218] In some embodiments, the third cooling down jacket 1800c includes a flap 1820 to cover the side aperture 1816. The flap 1820 includes a manual fastening mechanism to physically couple the flap over the aperture. Some articles of clothing may include multiple apertures and a corresponding flap or clutch for each aperture.

[0219] FIG. 18D shows a diagram of an article of clothing, such as a fourth cooling down jacket 1800d, according to some embodiments. In the example of FIG. 18D, a side aperture 1842 traverses the back side of the cooling down jacket 1800 at the lower rear. A clutch may be provided to selectively open and close the side aperture 1842. For example, the clutch may include an upper clutch electrode 1844 disposed along a first side of the side aperture 1842 and a lower clutch electrode 1846 disposed along an opposing second side of the side aperture 1842. In other words, the electrodes may comprise elongated electrodes disposed substantially parallel to the side aperture 1842. The upper and lower clutch electrodes 1844 and 1846 may be selectively energized to close the aperture 1842 or de-energized to open the aperture 1842. A fourth example cooling jacket 1800d can include a flap 1848 covering the clutch. In one example, a combination of orthogonal and parallel electrode placement can be used. Other orientations, including acute and obtuse angle positioning relative to the aperture, can be used as well. While the examples in Figures 18A-18D are illustrated as different cool-down jackets, various features of the cool-down jackets can be used together or combined in various combinations.

[0220] 18E-18G show an example 1850 including an article of clothing, such as a pair of cooling pants 1851, according to some embodiments. The article of clothing may be a lower body clothing item, such as a pair of leggings or pants 1851. The leggings or pants 1851 may include leg panels having apertures. Side edges or portions of the apertures may be coupled to electrodes of one or more electrostatic adhesive clutch devices to selectively open and close the apertures in the leggings or pants. Possible locations for the apertures include an inner thigh region 1854 or an outer thigh region 1852.

[0221] As shown in FIG. 18F, the cool-down pants 1851 can include apertured panels at the back of the knee region 1858 and / or at the ankle region 1856. Apertures can be provided at any other location on the pants, typically corresponding to areas of the body that generate a large amount of body heat or sweat. As shown in FIG. 18G, the cool-down pants 1851 can include slits in the fabric seams or pockets, and can include a mesh layer at or under the aperture, as shown by the mesh panel at aperture 1860, to provide a flexible, breathable, yet continuous, garment.

[0222] The clutch devices or clutch systems in the articles of clothing discussed herein can be configured to operate such that the clutch electrodes are attracted to one another, or can be configured to disengage or relax. In one example, other features can be included to allow the clutch electrodes, or portions of the garment containing the electrodes, to repel one another. That is, the clutch electrodes can include part of an aperture control mechanism that can be configured to open an aperture (e.g., a slit or pocket) to selectively vent body heat or aid in the dissipation of sweat. The aperture can be biased using any mechanical means, such as an elastic band, to achieve a normally open or normally closed configuration in the absence of activation of an electrical signal.

[0223] 19 schematically illustrates one example of a ventilation method 1900. The ventilation method 1900 may include or utilize various elements of the first clutch system 200, the electrostatic adhesive system 302, or the second clutch system 400, or other systems or devices discussed herein, to selectively ventilate an article of clothing.

[0224] In block 1902, ventilation method 1900 may include sensing a condition of the article or a condition of the body. Block 1902 may include sensing information about the wearable article or about a body near the article or wearing the article, for example, using one of sensors 120. In one example, block 1902 may include sensing information about the movement of the wearable article, or about the temperature or moisture content of the wearable article. In one example, block 1902 may include sensing information about the activity level of a wearer of the article, or about the body temperature of a wearer of the article.

[0225] In block 1904, ventilation method 1900 may include, for example, comparing condition information related to the item or body to a specified threshold condition. For example, block 1904 may include comparing body temperature information obtained in block 1902 to a threshold body temperature. In another example, block 1904 may include comparing movement information obtained in block 1902 to a threshold movement condition.

[0226] In block 1906, the ventilation method 1900 may include selectively activating a clutch to ventilate the article of clothing. For example, block 1906 may include activating one or more clutch devices in the cooling down jacket 1800 based on the article condition or body condition information sensed in block 1902.

[0227] In one example, ventilation method 1900 can be applied to a variety of different articles, including, but not limited to, shorts, leggings, pants, athletic supporters, sweatpants, or other clothing articles equipped with a ventilation system. In one example, ventilation method 1900 can include coordinating ventilation among multiple different articles or devices, for example, based on one or more inputs. For example, venting a jacket and venting pants can be activated together in response to the same information from a body temperature sensor. Clothing articles that can include or use a ventilation system include, but are not limited to, clothing articles configured to be worn over hot areas of the body, including the underarms, chest, and back, or over parts of the body prone to sweating.

[0228] 20A and 20B show example hat 2002 in a relaxed and extended configuration, respectively. FIG. 20C is a detailed side cross-sectional view of a portion of hat 2002 showing the positioning of first clutch system 200 relative to the remainder of hat 2002. While first clutch system 200 is described, it should be recognized that any clutch system described herein may additionally or alternatively be incorporated.

[0229] Hat 2002 is formed from textile 2004, such as a knit, woven, canvas, or other fabric or material usable for hats. Textile 2004 and hat 2002, more generally, form an opening 2006 sized to receive a wearer's head and cover the crown of the wearer's head. Because first clutch system 200 is secured in close proximity to (obscured from) the opening, the wearer's ability to increase the size of opening 2006 may be limited. First clutch system 200 may be sewn, fastened, or otherwise secured to textile 2004, thereby enabling operation of first clutch system 200 to constrain stretching of textile 2004, as disclosed herein.

[0230] First clutch system 200 is illustrated as extending around a portion, but not the entire, circumference of opening 2006. However, it should be appreciated and understood that first clutch system 200 may extend around the entire circumference of opening 2006. Furthermore, while only one first clutch system 200 is illustrated, it should be appreciated and understood that multiple first clutch systems 200 may be included in hat 2002. Additional first clutch assemblies 200 may be around other portions of opening 2006 or positioned at other locations around hat 2002 to selectively inhibit elasticity or stretchability at those locations consistent with the principles disclosed herein.

[0231] The fabric 2004 may be elastic or stretchable in one or more dimensions, allowing the size of the opening 2006 to increase from a first width 2008 to a second width 2010 that is greater than the first width 2008. For purposes of illustration, only two widths are shown, but it should be recognized and understood that the width of the opening 2006 may increase or decrease over a range of widths up to the limit of the fabric 2004's ability to stretch without breaking. Accordingly, the first width 2008 and second width 2010 are provided for purposes of illustration and not limitation.

[0232] Operation of the first clutch system 200 may inhibit the wearer's ability to increase the size of the opening 2006 from the first width 2008 to the second width 2010. For example, when the processor circuit 304 causes the signal generator 306 to energize the first and second electrode assemblies 202, 208, the first clutch system 200 is inhibited from expanding, such that the opening 2006 cannot increase from the first width 2008 to the second width 2010. Operation of the first clutch system 200 may not prevent the hat 2002 from relaxing back to the first width 2008 from the second width 2010 when the signal generator 306 energizes the first and second electrode assemblies 202, 208. Consequently, the first clutch system 200 may be configured to set a maximum width for the opening 2006, but not necessarily a minimum width for the opening 2006.

[0233] 20C, the fabric 2004 of the hat 2002 can form a cavity 2012 in which the first clutch system 200, or one or more components thereof, is disposed. Alternatively, the first clutch system 200 can be secured to a side of the fabric 2004, or secured between layers of the fabric 2004, or according to any suitable configuration or mechanism.

[0234] The first clutch system 200 can operate according to the same control system described herein. Thus, one or more sensors can detect the orientation or use of the hat 2002 and engage or disengage the first clutch system 200 depending on the use of the hat 2002.

[0235] 21A-21C illustrate the incorporation of a first clutch system 200 into a sleeve 2102 in an exemplary embodiment. While the sleeve 2102 is illustrated as a single wearable article, the principles disclosed herein can be applied to any wearable article incorporating a sleeve or other aperture or opening, such as an aperture at the neck, waist, or arm of a shirt or jacket, an aperture at the waist, ankle, or other leg opening of pants, or any other suitable wearable article. The sleeve 2102 is provided to illustrate the operation of a system in which multiple first clutch systems 200A, 200B operate together. The sleeve 2102 can be formed from an elastic or stretchable fabric or other material and formed into a generally tubular shape having an opening 2106 at a first end 2108 and a second end 2110 opposite the first end.

[0236] The sleeve 2102 includes a first exemplary clutch system 2116 and a second exemplary clutch system 2118 positioned around the opening 2106 proximate the first end 2108 and the second end 2110, respectively. The first exemplary clutch system 2116 and the second exemplary clutch system 2118 are independently controllable to independently make the opening 2106 proximate the first end 2108 and the second end 2110 expandable or non-expandable, similar to the opening 2006 in the hat 2002. Consequently, the sleeve 2102 can have a first width 2112 or a second width 2114 at one or both of the first end 2108 and the second end 2110. 21B, when the first exemplary clutch system 2116 is engaged but the second exemplary clutch system 2118 is not engaged, the opening 2106 proximate the first end 2108 is maintained at the first width 2112, while the opening 2106 proximate the second end 2110 can expand to the second width 2114. When the first exemplary clutch system 2116 is deactivated, the opening 2106 proximate the first end 2108 can also expand to the second width 2114, as shown in FIG. 21C. FIG. 21A shows the sleeve 2102 in a relaxed state with openings 2106 proximate both the first and second ends at the first width 2112.

[0237] 22A and 22B schematically illustrate an exemplary article of clothing 2202 including a pocket assembly 2204, or pocket clutch, with a pocket opening 2206 controllable by an electrostatic adhesive clutch device. FIG. 22A shows a schematic top view of the exemplary article of clothing 2202, and FIG. 22B shows a schematic view of the pocket assembly 2204 in a partially open configuration. Various portions of the clutch device are shown in the example of FIG. 22B, and the clutch device can control access to the interior of the pocket assembly 2204.

[0238] In the example of FIG. 22B , the pocket assembly 2204 is partially open, with the pocket edge 2216 positioned away from the garment fabric 2214 or a base portion of the pocket assembly 2204. When the pocket assembly 2204 is open, objects can be easily inserted into or removed from the interior region 2208 of the pocket assembly 2204. The pocket assembly 2204 can include an outer clutch electrode 2210 disposed adjacent the pocket edge 2216, and the pocket assembly 2204 can include an inner clutch electrode 2212 disposed on or in the garment fabric 2214. When the pocket assembly 2204 is closed, either by a mechanical or elastic bias or by actuation of electrostatic adhesive forces between the electrodes, the outer clutch electrode 2210 and the inner clutch electrode 2212 can be substantially aligned and adjacent to one another. For example, in the top view of FIG. 22A, when the pocket assembly 2204 is closed, the electrodes may be hidden by the fabric or material portion of the exemplary article of apparel 2202.

[0239] In one example, the aperture control mechanism can be configured to operate such that fabric regions corresponding to electrodes of the clutch repel each other, thereby opening an aperture (e.g., a slit or pocket). The aperture can be biased toward an open or closed configuration using mechanical means such as elastic bands, thereby allowing the aperture to assume the opposite configuration when in the repelling mode. In one example, a pocket assembly 2204 including an outer clutch electrode 2210 and an inner clutch electrode 2212 including a clutch device at the pocket opening can be biased toward an open or relaxed pocket configuration, optionally including the use of mechanical means such as elastic bands. When the electrodes of the pocket clutch are energized using an attractive signal (e.g., a signal having opposite polarity), it can effectively seal the pocket opening 2206 of the pocket assembly 2204. That is, when energized, a user must overcome an electrostatic force generated between the electrodes to insert or remove an object from the interior region 2208 of the pocket. If the pocket aperture control mechanism is configured to repel, the pocket opening 2206 of the pocket assembly 2204 can be forced into an open configuration.

[0240] In one example, the pocket clutch can include or use the first clutch system 200 or can comprise part of or a component of the adaptive support system 100. The pocket clutch, which can control access to the interior region 2208 of the pocket assembly 2204 via an aperture, can optionally be automatically controlled using information from sensors, including, for example, one or more of the sensors 120 of the exemplary adaptive support system 100. For example, the pocket clutch can be actuated to seal or close the pocket when the accelerometer 124 detects movement (e.g., movement that meets or exceeds a particular activity level threshold) or when it detects a particular orientation (e.g., an orientation or position in which an object in the pocket may fall out, such as upside down or backwards).

[0241] In one example, the pocket clutch can be actuated to release the pocket assembly 2204 under specified orientation or operating conditions or in response to a user command. The aperture or pocket opening 2206 can thus help prevent theft by selectively locking out access unless or until access is granted by a user with an appropriate control or command. In one example, a user can control pocket access or clutch operation using gesture-based lock or unlock commands, which can be detected using one or more of the sensors 120.

[0242] In one example, the pocket clutch can include an exposed (or nearly exposed, or partially exposed) electrode portion configured to be selectively energized. The exposed electrode can optionally include a portion of one of the outer clutch electrode 2210 or the inner clutch electrode 2212, or a separate electrode, at or near the clutch at an aperture, such as the pocket edge 2216, or on the outward-facing surface of the apparel fabric 2214 at or near the pocket opening 2206. The exposed electrode can be configured to deliver a deterrent shock upon contact. For example, when the pocket clutch is activated to hold the pocket assembly 2204 in the closed configuration, the exposed electrode portion can enhance or strengthen theft deterrence by delivering a shock to the hand of an unsuspecting pickpocket. The exposed electrode portion can be discharged by the user or automatically discharged, for example, based on a designated sensor signal, to allow access to the pocket. In one example, a shock deterrent circuit can be provided to drive the exposed electrode. This circuit can include a power source, a capacitor, and optionally, a transformer configurable to generate a relatively large voltage at a low current.

[0243] FIG. 23 is a block diagram of a machine 2300 capable of executing instructions 2308 (e.g., software, programs, applications, applets, apps, or other executable code) to cause the machine 2300 to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein. For example, the instructions 2308 may cause the machine 2300 to perform any one or more of the methods described herein, such as controlling a clutch system. The instructions 2308 transform a general, unprogrammed machine 2300 into a specific machine 2300 programmed to perform the functions described and illustrated in the manner described. The machine 2300 may operate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines, such as to coordinate the operation or actuation of multiple different clutch devices or clutch systems. In a network deployment, the machine 2300 may operate as a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine 2300 may be, but is not limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart device, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing, sequentially or otherwise, instructions 2308 that specify actions to be performed by the machine 2300. Further, although only one machine 2300 is illustrated, the term "machine" shall also be considered to include a collection of machines that individually or collectively execute instructions 2308 to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein.

[0244] Machine 2300 may include processor 2302, memory 2304, and I / O components 2342, which may be configured to communicate with each other via bus 2344. In an exemplary embodiment, processor 2302 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), other processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, processors 2306 and 2310 capable of executing instructions 2308. The term "processor" is intended to include multi-core processors consisting of two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as "cores") capable of executing instructions concurrently. Although FIG. 23 shows multiple processors 2302, machine 2300 may include one processor with one core, one processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with one core, multiple processors with multiple cores, or any combination thereof.

[0245] The memory 2304 may include a main memory 2312, a static memory 2314, and a storage device 2316, all of which are accessible to the processor 2302 via a bus 2344. The main memory 2304, the static memory 2314, and the storage device 2316 store instructions 2308 that embody any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 2308 may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 2312, within the static memory 2314, within a machine-readable medium 2318 in the storage medium 2316, within at least one processor 2302 (e.g., within a processor's cache memory), or a combination thereof while being executed by the machine 2300.

[0246] I / O components 2342 may include a wide variety of components that receive input, provide output, generate output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, etc. The specific I / O components 2342 included in a particular machine will vary depending on the type of machine. For example, a portable machine such as a cell phone may include a touch input device or other such input mechanism, while a headless server machine may not include such a touch input device. It will be understood that I / O components 2342 may include many other components not shown in FIG. 23 . In various exemplary embodiments, I / O components 2342 may include output components 2328 and input components 2330. Output components 2328 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., vibration motors, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators such as signal generator 110 or signal generator 306, etc. The input components 2330 may include an alphanumeric input component (e.g., a keyboard, a touchscreen configured to receive alphanumeric input, an optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input component), a point-based input component (e.g., a mouse, touchpad, trackball, joystick, motion sensor, or other pointing device), a tactile input component (e.g., a physical button, a touchscreen that provides the position and / or force of a touch or touch gesture, or other tactile input component), an audio input component (e.g., a microphone), etc.

[0247] In further exemplary embodiments, I / O component 2342 may include a biometric component 2332, a motion component 2334, an environmental component 2336, or a position component 2338, among a wide range of other components. For example, biometric component 2332 may include a component that detects facial expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), a component that measures biometric signals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, sweat, or brain waves), a component that identifies people (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, face identification, fingerprint identification, or brainwave-based identification), etc. Motion component 2334 may include an acceleration sensor component (e.g., an accelerometer), a gravity sensor component, a rotation sensor component (e.g., a gyroscope), etc. The environmental components 2336 may include, for example, a lighting sensor component (e.g., a light meter), a temperature sensor component (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), a humidity sensor component, a pressure sensor component (e.g., a barometer), an acoustic sensor component (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), a proximity sensor component (e.g., an infrared sensor that detects nearby objects), a gas sensor (e.g., a gas detection sensor that detects hazardous gas concentrations for safety, or measures pollutants in the air), or other components that may provide an indication, measurement, or signal corresponding to the surrounding physical environment. The location component 2338 may include a location sensor component (e.g., a GPS receiver component), an altitude sensor component (e.g., an altimeter or barometer that detects air pressure from which altitude can be derived), a direction sensor component (e.g., a magnetic system), etc.

[0248] Communication can be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. I / O component 2342 may further include a communication component 2340 operable to couple machine 2300 to network 2320 or device 2322 via coupling 2324 and coupling 2326, respectively. For example, communication component 2340 may include a network interface component or other suitable device for interfacing with network 2320. In further examples, communication component 2340 may include a wired communication component, a wireless communication component, a cellular communication component, a near field communication (NFC) component, a Bluetooth® component (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), a Wi-Fi® component, and other communication components that provide communication via other modalities. Device 2322 may be another machine or a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via USB).

[0249] Additionally, communications component 2340 may detect an identifier or may include a component operable to detect an identifier. For example, communications component 2340 may include a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reading component, an NFC smart tag detection component, an optical reading component (e.g., an optical sensor that detects one-dimensional barcodes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) barcodes, multi-dimensional barcodes, and other optical codes), or an acoustic detection component (e.g., a microphone that identifies tagged audio signals). Additionally, various information can be derived via communications component 2340, such as location information via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, via Wi-Fi signal triangulation, or via detection of NFC beacon signals that may indicate a particular location.

[0250] Various memories (e.g., memory 2304, main memory 2312, static memory 2314, and / or memory of processor 2302) and / or storage device 2316 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) that embody or are used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., instructions 2308), when executed by processor 2302, cause various operations to implement the disclosed embodiments.

[0251] The instructions 2308 may be transmitted or received over the network 2320 using a transmission medium via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communications component 2340) and utilizing any one of many well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 2308 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium to a device 2322 via a coupling 2326 (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling).

[0252] Various aspects of the present disclosure may help provide solutions to the activewear or apparel-related or clutch system problems identified herein. For example, various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a flexible, stretchable, waterproof encapsulation for integrating actuators into apparel.

[0253] In one example, embodiment 1 includes an elongated housing forming a waterproof enclosure; a first electrode assembly disposed within the waterproof enclosure; a second electrode assembly disposed within the waterproof enclosure, the second electrode being separate from and at least partially overlapping the first electrode and configured to slide relative to the first electrode; and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second electrode assemblies, respectively, wherein the first electrode assembly slides laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied and slides laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied. The subject matter can include or can be used with an article of clothing that can include or can be used with an electrostatic adhesive clutch device that includes an electrical signal generator that can be configured to maintain a stationary state relative to the second electrode assembly, and a textile material to which the elongated flexible enclosure can be attached at least at a first end of the elongated flexible enclosure, wherein actuation of the clutch device is configured to selectively fix (e.g., maintain a stationary state or a fixed configuration or orientation) or move (e.g., make movable or flexible or otherwise allow movement of at least a portion of) the clutch device or the article of clothing or enclosure.

[0254] Embodiment 2 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 1, an elongated case as a flexible enclosure made of or including a resilient material.

[0255] Embodiment 3 can include side portions of the enclosure that include ribbed fabric, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 1 or 2.

[0256] Embodiment 4 can include a ribbed fabric containing rubber, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 3.

[0257] Embodiment 5 can include a water repellent finish on the outward facing surface of the enclosure, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 1-4.

[0258] Embodiment 6 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of Embodiments 1-5, a first electrode assembly of an electrostatic adhesive clutch substantially fixed relative to a first end of an elongated flexible housing, and a second electrode assembly of an electrostatic adhesive clutch substantially fixed relative to a second end of the elongated flexible housing, wherein a middle section of the elongated housing is configured to move relative to the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0259] Embodiment 7 can include an elongated housing that forms an airtight fit around the first and second electrode assemblies, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 1-6.

[0260] Embodiment 8 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 1-7, an accelerometer disposed inside or within the housing, wherein the accelerometer is configured to measure bodily movement that can couple the clutch device, and the electrical signal generator can be configured to generate a signal based on the measured movement.

[0261] A ninth aspect can include, or optionally in combination with, an accelerometer configured to measure a magnitude of acceleration of at least a portion of the clutch device, and the electrical signal generator can be configured to generate a signal having a magnitude and / or frequency characteristic based at least in part on the magnitude of the acceleration.

[0262] Embodiment 10 can include a light source configured to provide light that illuminates at least a portion of the elongate housing, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 1-9.

[0263] Embodiment 11 can include, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 10, the brightness of the light provided by the light source based on a characteristic of at least one of the first and second signals supplied to the electrode assembly.

[0264]

[0023] Example 12 can include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding examples, a method comprising assembling an electrostatic adhesive clutch device, the device including: an elongated flexible housing forming an enclosure; a first electrode assembly disposed within the enclosure; a second electrode assembly disposed within the enclosure, the second electrode being separate from and at least partially overlapping the first electrode and configured to slide relative to the first electrode; and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second electrode assemblies, respectively, wherein the first electrode assembly can be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied and to remain stationary relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied. The method of Example 12 can include securing a woven material to at least a first end of the elongated flexible housing of the electrostatic adhesive clutch device, the elongated flexible housing enabling the woven material to selectively remain stationary or flexible.

[0265] Embodiment 13 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 12, an elongated flexible enclosure including a waterproof elastic material configured to provide enclosure for a clutch device.

[0266] Embodiment 14 can include sides of the enclosure having ribbed fabric, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 12 or 13.

[0267] Embodiment 15 can include a ribbed fabric having or including a rubberized material, optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 12-14.

[0268] Embodiment 16 can include a water repellent finish on the outward facing surface of the enclosure, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 12-15.

[0269] Embodiment 17 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 12-16, a first electrode assembly of an electrostatic adhesive clutch substantially fixed relative to a first end of an elongated flexible housing, a second electrode assembly of an electrostatic adhesive clutch substantially fixed relative to a second end of the elongated flexible housing, and a middle section of the elongated flexible housing configured to move relative to the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0270] Embodiment 18 can include an elongated flexible housing that forms an airtight fit around the first and second electrode assemblies, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 12-17.

[0271] Embodiment 19 can include an accelerometer within or coupled to the housing, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 12-18, wherein the accelerometer can be configured to measure movement of a body to which the clutch device is engaged or which can engage the clutch device, and wherein the electrical signal generator can be configured to generate a signal based on the measured movement.

[0272] Embodiment 20 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 19, an accelerometer configured to measure a magnitude of acceleration of at least a portion of the clutch device, and the electrical signal generator can be configured to generate a signal having a magnitude and / or frequency characteristic based at least in part on the magnitude of the acceleration.

[0273] Embodiment 21 can include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device for an article of clothing, the device including: an elongated flexible housing forming a waterproof enclosure; a first electrode assembly disposed within the waterproof enclosure; a second electrode assembly disposed within the waterproof enclosure, the second electrode being separate from and at least partially overlapping the first electrode and configured to slide relative to the first electrode; and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second electrode assemblies, respectively, wherein the first electrode assembly can be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied, and wherein the first electrode assembly is configured to be substantially stationary (e.g., maintained in a stationary or immobile position) relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied.

[0274] Embodiment 22 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 21, an accelerometer disposed within the elongated flexible housing, the accelerometer configured to measure bodily movement that can couple the clutch device, and the electrical signal generator configured to generate a signal based on the measured movement.

[0275] Embodiment 23 can include a light or light source configured to provide light to illuminate at least a portion of the elongated flexible enclosure or components therein, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 21 or 22.

[0276] Embodiment 24 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 23, a driver for the light source, where the driver can be configured to control the magnitude or amount of light provided by the light source based on the magnitude of at least one of the first and second signals provided by the electrical signal generator.

[0277] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for minimizing bulk charge accumulation in electrostatic adhesive actuators. For example, embodiment 25 may include an electrostatic adhesive clutch device comprising: a first electrode assembly including a first conductive portion that can be at least partially covered by a first dielectric insulator; a second electrode assembly including a second conductive portion that can be at least partially covered by a second dielectric insulator; and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second conductive portions of the electrode assemblies, respectively, or may be included in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, wherein the first and second signals each comprise opposite polarity portions of an alternating current (AC) signal. In embodiment 25, the first and second electrode assemblies may at least partially overlap and be configured to slide relative to each other at their respective surfaces that include the first and second dielectric insulators.

[0278] Embodiment 26 can include at least one of first and second electrode assemblies configured to move linearly relative to one another, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25-17.

[0279] Embodiment 27 can include an electrical signal generator configured to generate the AC signal as a pulse width modulated signal having a duty cycle of about 50, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25 or 26.

[0280] Embodiment 28 can include an electrical signal generator configured to generate the AC signal as a pulse-width modulated signal having an average duty cycle of about 50%, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25-27.

[0281] Embodiment 29 can include an AC signal having a frequency of at least about 10 Hz, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25-28.

[0282] Embodiment 30 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 29, an AC signal having a frequency that can be less than about 50 Hz.

[0283] Embodiment 31 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25-30, an accelerometer configured to measure bodily movement that can couple the clutch device, and the signal generator can be configured to generate an AC signal based on the measured movement.

[0284] Embodiment 32 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25-31, an accelerometer configured to measure movement of the clutch device, and the signal generator can be configured to generate an AC signal based on the measured movement.

[0285] Embodiment 33 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 32, an accelerometer configured to measure a magnitude of acceleration of at least a portion of the clutch device, and the signal generator can be configured to generate an AC signal having magnitude and / or frequency characteristics that depend on the magnitude of the measured acceleration.

[0286] Embodiment 34 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 32, an accelerometer configured to measure a frequency of change in acceleration of at least a portion of the clutch device, and the signal generator can be configured to generate an AC signal having a magnitude and / or frequency characteristic that depends on the measured frequency of change in acceleration.

[0287] Embodiment 35 can include a processor circuit configured to control a signal generator to generate an AC signal based on information from an accelerometer regarding the acceleration of the clutch device or the acceleration of a body that can engage the clutch device, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25-34.

[0288] Embodiment 36 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 35, an accelerometer, and the processor circuit can be configured to receive an acceleration-indicative signal from the accelerometer, identify vibrational motion based on the acceleration-indicative signal from the accelerometer, and control the signal generator based on the identified vibrational motion.

[0289] Embodiment 37 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 36, a processor circuit configured to identify a magnitude or frequency characteristic of the vibratory motion and, in response, update a magnitude characteristic of the AC signal, thereby updating a shear resistance force characteristic of the clutch device.

[0290] Embodiment 38 can include a processor circuit configured to receive the clutch force indication and, accordingly, control the electrical signal generator to update a frequency or magnitude characteristic of the AC signal based on the clutch force indication, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 25-37.

[0291] Embodiment 39 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 38, a displacement sensor configured to provide a clutch force indication based on information regarding the relative displacement of the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0292]

[0023] Embodiment 40 can include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a wearable garment having a controllably expandable and contractible portion, the wearable garment comprising: a clutch device coupled to the expandable and contractible portion, the clutch device comprising: a substantially planar first conductive portion that can be at least partially covered by a first dielectric insulator; a substantially planar second conductive portion that can be at least partially covered by a second dielectric insulator; and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second conductive portions of the clutch device, respectively, the first and second signals comprising alternating current (AC) clutch control signals. In embodiment 40, the first and second conductive portions of the clutch device can at least partially overlap at their respective surfaces that include the first and second dielectric insulators.

[0293] Embodiment 41 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 40, a sensor configured to sense movement or direction of the wearable garment. In embodiment 40, the electrical signal generator can be configured to update a frequency or magnitude characteristic of the AC clutch control signal based on a sensor signal from the sensor, the sensor signal including information regarding the sensed movement or direction of the wearable garment.

[0294] Embodiment 42 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 40 or 41, a displacement sensor configured to measure a change in dimension of the expandable and contractible portions, and the electrical signal generator can be configured to update a frequency or magnitude characteristic of the AC clutch control signal based on the measured change in dimension of the expandable and contractible portions.

[0295] Embodiment 43 can include an electrical signal generator configured to generate the AC clutch control signal as a pulse width modulated signal having an approximately 50% duty cycle, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 40-42.

[0296] Embodiment 44 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 43, an AC clutch control signal having a frequency of at least about 10 Hz and less than about 50 Hz.

[0297] Embodiment 45 may include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device comprising: a first electrode assembly including a planar first conductive portion; a second electrode assembly including a planar second conductive portion; a first dielectric member disposed between the first and second conductive portions; and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second conductive portions of the electrode assemblies, respectively, wherein the first and second signals each comprise opposite polarity portions of an alternating current (AC) clutch control signal, and wherein the first and second electrode assemblies may at least partially overlap along a surface including the first and second conductive portions.

[0298] Embodiment 46 can include a device housing, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 45, wherein the first electrode assembly can be substantially fixed relative to the device housing and the second electrode assembly can be configured to move relative to the device housing and the first electrode assembly.

[0299] Embodiment 47 can include a first dielectric member coupled to the first conductive portion and disposed between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion of the device, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 45 or 46.

[0300] Embodiment 48 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 47, a second dielectric member coupled to the second conductive portion and disposed between the first dielectric member and the second conductive portion of the second electrode assembly.

[0301] Embodiment 49 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 45-48, an electrical signal generator configured to generate the AC clutch control signal as a pulse-width modulated signal having an average duty cycle of about 50%.

[0302] Embodiment 50 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 49, an AC clutch control signal having a frequency of at least about 10 Hz and less than about 50 Hz.

[0303] Embodiment 51 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 45-50, an accelerometer configured to measure movement of the clutch device, and the signal generator can be configured to generate an AC clutch control signal based on the measured movement.

[0304] Various embodiments of the present disclosure aim to minimize wear on electrostatic adhesive actuators. For example, embodiment 52 can include, or can be optionally combined with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an adaptive wearable article including a textile fabric forming an opening configured to receive a portion of a wearer's body and an electrostatic adhesive clutch secured to the textile fabric and extending around at least a portion of the opening. In embodiment 52, the electrostatic adhesive clutch can include a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member and a first polymer substrate applied to the first conductive member and having a stiffness greater than that of the first conductive member; and a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member overlying a portion of the first conductive member, the second conductive member and a second polymer substrate applied to the second conductive member and having a stiffness greater than that of the second conductive member. In this example, the first and second conductive members can be proximate to each other with the first and second polymer substrates distal to each other. Embodiment 52 can include or utilize an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to first and second conductive members of the electrode assembly, respectively, where the first electrode assembly can be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied and to remain stationary relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied. In embodiment 52, the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be configured to inhibit an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies and to allow an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are not applied.

[0305] Embodiment 53 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 52, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a waterproof enclosure within which the first and second electrode assemblies are disposed.

[0306] Embodiment 54 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 53, the waterproof housing as a resilient waterproof housing configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed position when no force can be applied to the resilient waterproof housing.

[0307] Embodiment 55 can include a first polymer substrate applied to a first conductive member having a first adhesive layer and a second polymer substrate applied to a second conductive member having a second adhesive layer, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 52-54.

[0308] Embodiment 56 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 55, wherein the first and second polymeric substrates are polyolefin foams.

[0309] Embodiment 57 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 56, first and second polymer substrates having a thickness of about 0.25 millimeters.

[0310] Embodiment 58 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 52-57, an electrostatic adhesion clutch including a controller operatively coupled to an electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply first and second signals based on received inputs.

[0311] Embodiment 59 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 58, an electrostatic adhesive clutch comprising a sensor operably coupled to a controller and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, and a controller configured to receive the sensor signal as an input.

[0312] Embodiment 60 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 59, a sensor that is at least one of an accelerometer, a gyro, or a pressure sensor.

[0313] Embodiment 61 can include an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a user input operatively coupled to a controller and configured to receive commands from a user and output signals indicative of the commands that can be received as input by the controller, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 52-17.

[0314]

[0013] Embodiment 62 may include, or can optionally include in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a method of making an adaptive wearable article, including forming a textile to include an opening configured to receive a portion of a wearer's body, and securing an electrostatic adhesive clutch to the textile and extending around at least a portion of the opening. In one example, the electrostatic adhesive clutch includes: a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member and a first polymer substrate applied to the first conductive member, the first polymer substrate having a stiffness greater than a stiffness of the first conductive member; and a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member overlying a portion of the first conductive member, the second conductive member and a second polymer substrate applied to the second conductive member, the second polymer substrate having a stiffness greater than a stiffness of the second conductive member, wherein the first and second conductive members are proximate to each other with the first and second polymer substrates distal to each other. Embodiment 62 can include an electrical signal generator configured to supply first and second signals to first and second conductive members of the electrode assembly, respectively; the first electrode assembly can be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied and to maintain a static state relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied; and the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be configured to inhibit an increase in size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies and to allow or enable an increase in size of the opening when the first and second signals are not applied.

[0315] Embodiment 63 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 62, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further including a waterproof enclosure within which the first and second electrode assemblies are disposed.

[0316] Embodiment 64 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 63, the waterproof housing as a resilient waterproof housing configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed position when no force can be applied to the resilient waterproof housing.

[0317] Embodiment 65 can include a first polymer substrate applied to a first conductive member using a first adhesive layer, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 62-64, can include a second polymer substrate applied to a second conductive member using a second adhesive layer.

[0318] Embodiment 66 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 65, first and second polymeric substrates comprising polyolefin foam.

[0319] Embodiment 67 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 66, first and second polymer substrates having a thickness of about 0.25 millimeters.

[0320] Embodiment 68 can include an electrostatic adhesion clutch comprising a controller operatively coupled to an electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply first and second signals based on received inputs, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 62-67.

[0321] Embodiment 69 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 68, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a sensor operably coupled to a controller and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, and a controller configured to receive the sensor signal as an input.

[0322] Embodiment 70 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 62, a sensor that is at least one of an accelerometer, a gyro, or a pressure sensor.

[0323] Embodiment 71 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 62-70, an electrostatic adhesive clutch having a user input and operably coupled to a controller and configured to receive commands from a user and output signals indicative of the commands receivable as input by the controller.

[0324] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to electrostatic adhesive systems for use in apparel. For example, embodiment 72 may include, or optionally may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a support garment for a wearer, including a textile layer forming a support region configured to adjustably restrain displacement of a body portion of the wearer positioned adjacent to the support region, and a hollow strap secured to a portion of the textile layer. In embodiment 72, the hollow strap houses an electrostatic adhesive clutch device having a first electrode assembly, a second electrode assembly separate from the first electrode assembly that at least partially overlaps the first electrode assembly and is configured to slide laterally relative to the first electrode assembly, and an electrical signal generator that provides one or more signals to the first and second electrode assemblies. In embodiment 72, the electrostatic adhesive clutch device may be configured to selectively adjust the amount by which the support garment tolerates displacement of a body portion positioned adjacent to the support region.

[0325] Embodiment 73 can include the support garment as a sports bra and the support region as the cups of the sports bra, or optionally in combination with embodiment 72.

[0326] Embodiment 74 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 73, a hollow strap including a first hollow strap, an electrostatic adhesive clutch as the first electrostatic adhesive clutch, and a cup as the first cup, wherein the support garment can include a second hollow strap secured to a second portion of the textile layer forming a second support region, the second hollow strap housing a second electrostatic adhesive clutch device and the second support region as the second cup of the sports bra.

[0327] Embodiment 75 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 74, first and second hollow straps that are individually controllable to selectively clutch or tighten and loosen or disengage.

[0328] Embodiment 76 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 74, a signal generator configured to provide one or more electrical signals to the first and second electrostatic adhesive clutches.

[0329] Embodiment 77 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 76, a first clutch and a second clutch that selectively adjust the amount that the support garment allows for displacement of the body part substantially simultaneously with one another.

[0330] Embodiment 78 can include a support garment as an athletic supporter, or can optionally be combined with any one or more of embodiments 72-77, wherein the hollow strap can be a right hollow strap attached to the right side of the fabric layer forming the support area, and the support garment can further include a left hollow strap attached to the left side of the fabric layer forming the support area, and the left and right hollow straps can be configured to selectively suppress displacement of a wearer's body part.

[0331] Embodiment 79 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 78, a displacement sensor for each of the first and second hollow straps configured to measure changes in the straps as they tighten and / or relax.

[0332] Embodiment 80 can include first and second electrode assemblies that overlap on their respective surfaces, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 72-79.

[0333] Embodiment 81 can include a signal generator configured to provide one or more signals to the electrostatic adhesive clutch to selectively clutch, or tighten and loosen, the electrostatic adhesive clutch, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 72-80.

[0334] Embodiment 82 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 72-81, an accelerometer configured to measure motion of the electrostatic adhesive clutch and generate one or more signals based on the measured motion.

[0335] Embodiment 83 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 82, a support garment configured to tighten when the wearer is likely to be at an acceleration higher than a threshold and to relax when the wearer is likely to be at an acceleration lower than the threshold. That is, embodiment 83 can include a clutch device configured to secure the first and second electrode assemblies when the measured movement indicates that the wearer is exceeding a threshold acceleration, and otherwise configured to allow operation of one or both of the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0336] Embodiment 84 can include first and second hollow straps as a waterproof enclosure, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 72-83.

[0337] Embodiment 85 may include, or may optionally include in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a method including forming a textile layer of a support garment having a support region; and forming a hollow strap secured to a portion of the textile layer, the hollow strap housing an electrostatic adhesive clutch device having a substantially planar first conductive portion and a substantially planar second conductive portion, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch device selectively inhibits or allows movement of the support region relative to a body portion of a wearer of the textile layer.

[0338] Embodiment 86 can include the support garment as a sports bra and the support region as the cups of the sports bra, or optionally in combination with embodiment 85.

[0339] Embodiment 87 can include a hollow strap as the first hollow strap and an electrostatic adhesive clutch as the first electrostatic adhesive clutch, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 86, wherein the support garment can include a second hollow strap secured to a second portion of the fabric layer, the second hollow strap housing a second electrostatic adhesive clutch device having a substantially planar first conductive portion and a substantially planar second conductive portion.

[0340] Embodiment 88 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 87, a signal generator configured to provide one or more electrical signals to the first and second electrostatic adhesion clutches.

[0341] Embodiment 89 can include a first clutch and a second clutch configured to selectively tighten and loosen substantially simultaneously, i.e., simultaneously with one another, or optionally in combination with embodiment 88. That is, the first and second clutch devices can be configured to be engaged or disengaged substantially simultaneously.

[0342] Embodiment 90 can include a support garment as an athletic supporter, a hollow strap as a right hollow strap attached to the right side of the fabric layer forming the support area, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 85-89, wherein the support garment can further include a left hollow strap attached to the left side of the fabric layer forming the support area, the right hollow strap and the left hollow strap configured to selectively restrain displacement of a body part of the wearer.

[0343] Embodiment 91 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 85-90, an accelerometer configured to measure the acceleration of the electrostatic adhesive clutch, and the support garment can be configured to tighten when the wearer is accelerating at an acceleration greater than a threshold and to relax when the wearer is accelerating at an acceleration less than the threshold. In other words, embodiment 91 can include measuring the acceleration of the body part, and the electrostatic adhesive clutch device can be configured to engage if the measured acceleration is greater than the threshold acceleration and to disengage otherwise.

[0344] Embodiment 92 can include activating an electroluminescent portion of the clutch device in coordination with selective tightening and loosening of the support region, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 85-91.

[0345] Embodiment 93 can include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an article of clothing comprising a modular panel for selectively coupling to a support garment, the modular panel including an electrostatic adhesive clutch device having a first electrode assembly, a second electrode assembly separate from the first electrode assembly that at least partially overlaps the first electrode assembly and is configured to slide laterally relative to the first electrode assembly, and an electrical signal generator configured to provide one or more signals to the first and second electrode assemblies, the electrostatic adhesive clutch device configured to selectively adjust the amount by which the support garment, when coupled to the support garment, permits displacement of a body portion adjacent to the support region.

[0346] Embodiment 94 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 93, a modular panel further comprising an accelerometer configured to measure acceleration of the electrostatic adhesive clutch, and the clutch device can be configured to operate based on a relationship between the measured acceleration and a specified threshold acceleration.

[0347] Embodiment 95 can include an electrostatic adhesive clutch device including an electroluminescent component that can be configured to emit light in conjunction with actuation of the clutch device, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 93 or 94.

[0348] Embodiment 96 may include, or optionally in combination with any preceding embodiment or example, a modular device for use with an article of clothing, the device comprising an interface configured to mechanically couple with a corresponding interface on the article of clothing, the electrostatic adhesive clutch device having a first electrode assembly, a second electrode assembly separate from the first electrode assembly that at least partially overlaps and is configured to slide laterally relative to the first electrode assembly, and an electrical signal generator configured to provide one or more signals to the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0349] Embodiment 97 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 96, an interface for the modular device that includes hook-and-loop fasteners to couple the modular device to an article of clothing.

[0350] Embodiment 98 can include an interface for the modular device that includes one or more magnetic fasteners to couple the modular device to an article of clothing, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 96 or 97.

[0351] Embodiment 99 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 96-98, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device configured to selectively control the amount by which the article of clothing allows displacement of a wearer's appendage in a support area of ​​the article of clothing when an interface of the modular device is coupled to a corresponding interface on the article of clothing.

[0352] Embodiment 100 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 99, an accelerometer, and the clutch device may be configured to selectively actuate in response to information from the accelerometer.

[0353] Embodiment 101 may include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an article of clothing comprising: a support portion configured to support a user's appendage; a band portion coupled to the support portion and configured to be worn around the user's waist or torso; an extensible member coupled to the support portion and the band portion; and an interface configured to couple a clutch device to the extensible member.

[0354] Embodiment 102 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 101, a support portion configured to receive and support a user's chest (eg, breast tissue).

[0355] Embodiment 103 can include a support portion configured to receive and support the user's groin area (e.g., penis or testicles), or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 101 or 102.

[0356] Embodiment 104 can include an extendable member further configured to contract, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 101-103.

[0357] Embodiment 105 can include an interface that includes a hook or loop portion of a hook-and-loop fastener, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 101-104.

[0358] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to the fit or shape of the apparel. For example, embodiment 106 may include, or may be optionally combined with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an adaptive apparel article including a textile fabric forming an opening configured to receive a body part of a wearer and an electrostatic adhesive clutch secured to the textile fabric and extending around at least a portion of the opening. The electrostatic adhesive clutch may include a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member, a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member partially overlapping the first conductive member, and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second conductive members of the electrode assembly, respectively. In embodiment 106, the first electrode assembly may be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied and to remain stationary relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied. In embodiment 106, the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be configured to inhibit an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies, and can allow an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are not applied. In other words, in the absence of the first and second signals, the first electrode assembly can be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly, and when the first and second signals are applied, the first electrode assembly can be configured to be fixed laterally relative to the second electrode assembly. The electrostatic adhesive clutch can be used or configured to help inhibit or prevent a change in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies, and can adjust the size of the opening when the first and second signals are absent or removed.

[0359] Embodiment 107 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 106, an electrostatic adhesive clutch with a waterproof enclosure within which the first and second electrode assemblies are disposed.

[0360] Embodiment 108 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 107, the waterproof housing as a resilient waterproof housing configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed position when no force can be applied to the resilient waterproof housing.

[0361] Embodiment 109 can include a fabric as a waterproof fabric, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 106-108, where the fabric can be configured to form a waterproof seal around the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0362] Embodiment 110 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 109, a woven fabric as an elastic fabric configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed or biased position when no force is applied or exerted on the fabric.

[0363] Embodiment 111 can include, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiments 106-110, an electrostatic adhesion clutch further comprising a controller operably coupled to an electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply first and second signals based on received inputs.

[0364] Embodiment 112 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 111, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a sensor operably coupled to a controller and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, and the controller may be configured to receive the sensor signal as an input.

[0365] The embodiment 113 may include a sensor as at least one of an accelerometer, a gyro, or a pressure sensor, or may optionally be included in combination with the embodiment 112.

[0366] Embodiment 114 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 111-113, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a user input operably coupled to a controller and configured to receive commands from a user and output a signal indicative of the command receivable as an input by the controller.

[0367] Embodiment 115 can include the adaptive article of clothing as a hat, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 106-114.

[0368] Embodiment 116 can include the adaptive clothing article as a sleeve configured to be worn around the arm or leg of a wearer, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 106-115.

[0369] Embodiment 117 can include an opening including an opening or aperture portion of a pocket within or coupled to an article of clothing, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 106-116.

[0370] Embodiment 118 can include, or can optionally include in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a method that includes forming a textile having an opening configured to receive a body part of a wearer and securing an electrostatic adhesive clutch to the textile, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch extends around at least a portion of the opening. In embodiment 118, the electrostatic adhesive clutch can include at least a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member, a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member partially overlapping the first conductive member, and an electrical signal generator configured to supply first and second signals to the first and second conductive members of the electrode assemblies, respectively; the first electrode assembly can be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied and to remain stationary relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied; and the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be configured to inhibit an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies and to allow an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are not applied.

[0371] Embodiment 119 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 118, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a waterproof housing within which the first and second electrode assemblies are or can be disposed.

[0372] Embodiment 120 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 119, the waterproof housing as a resilient waterproof housing configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed position when the force is released or no force is applied to the resilient waterproof housing.

[0373] Embodiment 121 can include a fabric as a waterproof fabric, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 118-120, where the fabric can be configured to form a waterproof seal around the first and second electrode assemblies.

[0374] Embodiment 122 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 121, the fabric as an elastic fabric configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed position when the force is released or no force is applied to the fabric.

[0375] Embodiment 123 can include an electrostatic adhesion clutch further comprising a controller operatively coupled to an electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply the first and second signals based on the received input, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 118-122.

[0376] Embodiment 124 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 123, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a sensor operably coupled to a controller and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, wherein the controller is configured to receive the sensor signal as an input.

[0377] The embodiment 125 may include a sensor as at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or a pressure sensor, or may optionally be included in combination with the embodiment 124 .

[0378] Embodiment 126 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 124 or 125, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a user input operably coupled to a controller and configured to receive commands from a user and output signals indicative of the commands receivable as input by the controller.

[0379] Embodiment 127 may include, or may optionally be included in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a garment comprising: a garment base layer; a pocket portion at least partially secured to the garment base layer, the pocket portion including a pocket aperture at a first edge of the pocket portion; and an electrostatic adhesive clutch assembly including first and second electrodes; The first electrode can be coupled to or near a pocket aperture at a first edge of the pocket portion, and the second electrode can be coupled to the garment base layer, and the first and second electrodes can be configured to selectively close and hold the pocket aperture in a closed or sealed position pursuant to actuation of the electrostatic adhesive clutch assembly.

[0380] Embodiment 128 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 127, a controller for the electrostatic adhesive clutch assembly, where the controller can be configured to provide respective electrical signals to the first and second electrodes, thereby controlling the clutch assembly.

[0381] Embodiment 129 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 128, an accelerometer, and the controller can be configured to provide respective electrical signals to the first and second electrodes based on information from the accelerometer.

[0382] Embodiment 130 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 129, an accelerometer configured to measure orientation or posture information regarding a wearer of the garment, and the controller may be configured to provide respective electrical signals to the first and second electrodes based on the orientation or posture information measured using the accelerometer.

[0383] Embodiment 131 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 129, an accelerometer configured to measure activity level information about a wearer of the garment, and the controller may be configured to provide respective electrical signals to the first and second electrodes based on the activity level information measured using the accelerometer.

[0384] Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to selectively ventilated articles of clothing, such as:

[0385] Embodiment 132 can include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an article of clothing including an aperture within the article of clothing, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device coupled to or integrated within the article of clothing and configured to selectively open and close the aperture in the article of clothing, and an electrical signal generator configured to send one or more signals to the clutch device that selectively open and close the aperture.

[0386] Embodiment 133 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 132, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device configured to open an aperture to allow airflow through the flexible aperture. For example, electrodes of the electrostatic adhesive clutch device can be configured to disengage to open an aperture to allow airflow therethrough.

[0387] Embodiment 134 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 132 or 133, a flap covering the aperture, the flap being coupled to the electrostatic adhesive clutch device and configured to selectively cover or expose the aperture.

[0388] Embodiment 135 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 134, a manual fastening mechanism that physically fastens the flaps over the aperture.

[0389] Embodiment 136 can include an aperture as a first aperture of a plurality of apertures and a flap as a first flap of a plurality of flaps, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 134, where the first flap corresponds to the first aperture.

[0390] Embodiment 137 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 136, a temperature sensor coupled to the electrostatic adhesive clutch device, and the flap can be configured to cover the aperture when the body temperature of the wearer of the article is below a threshold temperature and to expose the aperture when the body temperature of the wearer is above the threshold temperature.

[0391] Embodiment 138 can include each aperture of the plurality of apertures having a corresponding flap of the plurality of flaps, and each flap having a corresponding electrostatic adhesive clutch device, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 136.

[0392] Embodiment 139 can include an article as a lower body garment that can include right and left leg panels having an elongated vertical aperture that traverses the bottom of the right and left leg panels, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 132-138.

[0393] Embodiment 140 can include apertures that are horizontally oriented and extend laterally across the article of clothing, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 132-139.

[0394] Embodiment 141 can include a clothing article as an upper body garment including an upper rear panel having an elongated horizontal aperture across the back of the upper body and corresponding elongated horizontal flaps, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 132-140.

[0395] Embodiment 142 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 132-141, a temperature sensor coupled to the electrostatic adhesive clutch device, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch device is configured to selectively open and close the aperture based on the body temperature of the wearer of the article.

[0396] Embodiment 143 can include, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 132-142, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device having first and second electrode assemblies, wherein an electrical signal generator is configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second electrode assemblies, respectively, the first and second signals being opposite polarity components of an AC clutch control signal.

[0397] Embodiment 144 may include, or may optionally be included in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a method including forming an aperture in an article of clothing; integrating with the article of clothing an electrostatic adhesive clutch device configured to selectively open and close the aperture in the article of clothing; and integrating within the article of clothing an electrical signal generator configured to send one or more signals to the clutch device to selectively open and close the aperture.

[0398] Embodiment 145 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 144, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device configured to open an aperture and allow airflow through the aperture.

[0399] Embodiment 146 can include, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 144 or 145, forming a flap for covering the aperture, the flap being coupled to the electrostatic adhesive clutch device and configured to selectively cover or expose the aperture.

[0400] Embodiment 147 can include, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 146, integrating a temperature sensor coupled to the electrostatic adhesive clutch device, wherein the flap is configured to cover the aperture when a wearer of the article has a temperature below a threshold temperature and to expose the aperture when the wearer has a temperature above the threshold temperature.

[0401] Embodiment 148 can include apertures that are horizontally oriented and extend laterally across the article of clothing, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 144-147.

[0402] Embodiment 149 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 144-148, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device having first and second electrode assemblies and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second electrode assemblies, respectively, wherein the first and second signals are opposite polarity portions of an AC electrostatic adhesive clutch control signal.

[0403] Embodiment 150 can include an article that can include right and left leg panels having an elongated vertical aperture across the bottom of the right and left leg panels as a lower body garment, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 144-149.

[0404] Embodiment 151 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 146, a manual fastening mechanism that physically fastens the flap over the aperture.

[0405] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to isolation of electrostatic adhesive devices or electrostatic devices in articles of clothing. For example, embodiment 152 can include, or optionally in combination with any preceding embodiment or example, an electrode device for an electrostatic adhesive clutch, the electrode device including a planar conductive member and a housing enclosing at least a portion of the conductive member, the housing including a flexible polymer substrate adjacent to at least a first surface of the conductive member, and a dielectric member including a first portion adjacent to an opposite second surface of the conductive member and a second portion adjacent to a first side edge of the conductive member and bonded to the flexible polymer substrate.

[0406] Embodiment 153 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 152, a dielectric member including a third portion disposed adjacent a second side edge opposite the first side edge of the conductive member and bonded to a flexible polymer substrate.

[0407] Embodiment 154 can include a polymer substrate bonded to a first side edge of the conductive member, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 152 or 153.

[0408] Embodiment 155 can include a planar conductive member comprising a metal deposited on a polymer substrate, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 152-154, where the dielectric member can include a substantially non-conductive material deposited on the metal.

[0409] Embodiment 156 can include a dielectric member including an elastic dielectric ink having a dielectric constant that can be greater than the dielectric constant of air, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 152-155.

[0410] Embodiment 157 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 152-156, wherein the thickness of the dielectric member adjacent the first surface of the conductive member can be less than about 30 micrometers.

[0411] Embodiment 158 ​​can include a housing having a conductive pass-through provided in a portion of a polymer substrate or dielectric member, which can be configured to hermetically isolate the conductive member, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 152-157.

[0412] Embodiment 159 can include a dielectric member comprising a flexible dielectric material, optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 152-158.

[0413] Embodiment 160 can include a lubricant provided on the dielectric member side of the housing, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 152-159, where the lubricant can be configured to reduce the coefficient of friction characteristics of the housing.

[0414] Embodiment 161 can include a housing and a conductive member as a flexible or conformable member, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 152-160.

[0415] Embodiment 162 may include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an electrostatic adhesive clutch device comprising a first electrode assembly including a first conductive portion that may be at least partially covered by a first dielectric insulator, and a second electrode assembly including a second conductive portion that may be at least partially covered by a second dielectric insulator, wherein the first and second conductive portions have different widths, the first and second electrode assemblies may at least partially overlap at their respective surfaces that include the first and second dielectric insulators, and the first electrode assembly may be movable relative to the second electrode assembly in the length direction of the first conductive portion.

[0416] Embodiment 163 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 162, a clutch frame, and the second electrode assembly can be fixed relative to the clutch frame and the first electrode assembly can be movable relative to the clutch frame.

[0417] Embodiment 164 can include first and second conductive portions having different surface area characteristics, or can optionally be included in combination with embodiments 162 or 163.

[0418] Embodiment 165 can include a first plane of the first conductive portion that is aligned parallel to and can overlap the second plane of the second conductive portion, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 162-164.

[0419] Embodiment 166 can include a first electrode assembly that is movable relative to a second electrode assembly across the width of the first conductive portion, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 162-165.

[0420] Embodiment 167 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 166, a clutch frame configured to couple the first and second electrode assemblies together so that the conductive portions are parallel and at least partially overlapping.

[0421] Embodiment 168 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 167, a resilient tensioner coupling the clutch frame and the first electrode assembly, and the resilient tensioner can be configured to urge the first and second electrode assemblies into face-to-face contact on a surface including the first and second dielectric insulators.

[0422] Embodiment 169 can include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 162-168, an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to first and second conductive portions of the electrode assembly, respectively, wherein the first and second signals comprise respective portions of an alternating current (AC) clutch control signal, and wherein an electrostatic adhesive attraction force can be generated between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly in response to the first and second signals.

[0423] Embodiment 170 can include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, an electrode device for an electrostatic adhesive clutch, the electrode device comprising: a first substrate; a conductive first trace disposed on the flexible substrate, the first trace having a height, a width, and a length; and a dielectric member disposed on the conductive trace opposite the substrate, at least a portion of the dielectric member extending over a side edge of the first trace and capable of being coupled to the flexible substrate.

[0424] Embodiment 171 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 170, a first substrate that includes a thin film polymer substrate.

[0425] Embodiment 172 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 170 or 171, a dielectric member extending across multiple sides of the first trace and encapsulating at least a portion of the first trace relative to the first substrate.

[0426] Embodiment 173 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 172, a conductive pass-through electrically coupled to the external clutch signal driver and the first trace, the conductive pass-through providing an electrical signal path through the first substrate or dielectric member.

[0427] Embodiment 174 can include a dielectric member including a dielectric ink deposited on the first trace and on the surface of the first substrate, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 170-173.

[0428] Embodiment 175 can include a dielectric member including a dielectric polymer printed on the first trace and on the surface of the first substrate, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 170-174.

[0429] Embodiment 176 can include a dielectric constant of a dielectric member that can be greater than the dielectric constant of air, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 170-175.

[0430] Embodiment 177 can include a dielectric constant of a dielectric member that can be less than the dielectric constant of air, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 170-176.

[0431] Embodiment 178 can include a thickness of the dielectric member adjacent to the first trace that can be less than about 30 micrometers, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 170-177.

[0432] Embodiment 179 can include a polymeric smoothing agent provided on the dielectric member opposite the first trace, or can optionally be included in combination with any one or more of embodiments 170-178.

[0433] Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to the use of electrostatic adhesive devices or components thereof with textiles and other materials. For example, embodiment 180 may include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a wearable article comprising: a textile configured to be worn by a wearer; a first electrode assembly secured to the textile and including a first conductive member; a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member overlapping a portion of the first conductive member; an elastic casing within which the first and second electrode assemblies may be disposed, the elastic casing forming a first bond with the first conductive member at a first location on the elastic casing and forming a second bond with the second conductive member adjacent to a second location on the elastic casing that is different from the first location; and an electrostatic adhesive clutch comprising: an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second conductive members of the electrode assemblies, respectively; In embodiment 180, the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be configured to inhibit an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies, and can allow the size of the opening to increase when the first and second signals are not applied.

[0434] Embodiment 181 can include elastic enclosure as a waterproof elastic enclosure, or optionally in combination with embodiment 180.

[0435] Embodiment 182 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 181, a resilient waterproof housing configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed position when force is removed from the resilient waterproof housing.

[0436] Embodiment 183 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 182, a resilient waterproof enclosure that can be formed at least in part from a polymer configured to form first and second conductive members and first and second bonds, respectively.

[0437] Embodiment 184 can include the polymer as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 183.

[0438] Embodiment 185 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 184, a first conductive portion forming a hole proximate a first location where a first bond can be formed, and a second conductive member forming a hole proximate a second location where a second bond can be formed.

[0439] Embodiment 186 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 185, first and second conductive members formed from Mylar.

[0440] Embodiment 187 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiments 180-186, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a controller operably coupled to the electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply the first and second signals based on the received input.

[0441] Embodiment 188 may include, or optionally in combination with any one or more of embodiments 180-187, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a sensor, operably coupled to a controller, and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, and the controller may be configured to receive the sensor signal as an input.

[0442] The embodiment 189 may include a sensor as at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or a pressure sensor, or may optionally be included in combination with the embodiment 188.

[0443] Embodiment 190 may include, or optionally in combination with any of the preceding embodiments or examples, a method of manufacturing an adaptive apparel article, including forming a textile configured to be worn by a wearer and securing an electrostatic adhesive clutch to the textile, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch includes: a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member; a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member partially overlapping the first conductive member; an elastic housing within which the first and second electrode assemblies are disposed, the elastic housing forming a first bond with the first conductive member at a first location of the elastic housing and a second bond with the second conductive member adjacent a second location of the elastic housing that is different from the first location; and an electrical signal generator configured to provide first and second signals to the first and second conductive members of the electrode assemblies, respectively, wherein the first electrode assembly may be configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied and to remain stationary relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied. In embodiment 190, the electrostatic adhesive clutch can be configured to inhibit an increase in the size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies, and can allow the size of the opening to increase when the first and second signals are not applied.

[0444] Embodiment 191 can include elastic enclosure as a waterproof elastic enclosure, or optionally in combination with embodiment 190.

[0445] Embodiment 192 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 191, a resilient waterproof housing configured to return the first and second electrode assemblies to a relaxed position when force is removed from the resilient waterproof housing.

[0446] Embodiment 193 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 192, a resilient waterproof housing formed at least in part from a polymer configured to form first and second bonds with the first and second conductive members, respectively.

[0447] Embodiment 194 can include the polymer as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or can optionally be included in combination with embodiment 193.

[0448] Embodiment 195 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 194, a first conductive portion forming a hole proximate a first location where a first bond can be formed, and a second conductive member forming a hole proximate a second location where a second bond can be formed.

[0449] Embodiment 196 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 195, first and second conductive members formed from or including Mylar.

[0450] Embodiment 197 can include, or optionally in combination with embodiments 190-196, an electrostatic adhesion clutch further comprising a controller operably coupled to the electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply the first and second signals based on the received input.

[0451] Embodiment 198 may include, or optionally in combination with embodiment 197, an electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprising a sensor, operably coupled to a controller, and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, and the controller may be configured to receive the sensor signal as an input.

[0452] Embodiment 199 may include a sensor as at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or a pressure sensor, or may optionally be included in combination with embodiment 198.

[0453] Each of these non-limiting aspects can stand alone by itself or can be combined in various permutations or combinations with one or more of the other aspects, examples, or features discussed elsewhere herein.

[0454] The above description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as "examples." Such examples may include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Furthermore, the inventors also contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to any other example (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.

[0455] As used herein, the term "a" or "an" is used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more, regardless of any other instance or usage of "at least one" or "one or more." The term "or" is used herein to refer to non-exclusion, or "A or B" is used to include "A but not B," "B but not A," and "A and B," unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprise" and "in" are used herein as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms "comprise" and "in which." Also, in the following claims, the terms "comprise" and "comprising" are open-ended, i.e., systems, devices, articles, compositions, designs, or processes that include elements in addition to those recited after such terms in a claim are still deemed to be within the scope of that claim. Furthermore, in the following claims, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used merely as designations and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0456] In particular, geometric terms such as "parallel," "perpendicular," "round," or "square" are not intended to require absolute mathematical precision unless the context indicates otherwise. Instead, the geometric terms allow for variations due to manufacturing or equivalent features. For example, if an element is described as "round" or "nearly round," components that are not exactly circular (e.g., slightly oval or multi-sided polygonal) are also encompassed by this description.

[0457] The example methods described herein can be implemented at least in part by a machine or computer. Some examples may include a computer-readable or machine-readable medium encoded with instructions operable to configure an electronic device to perform the methods described in the examples. An implementation of such a method may include code, such as microcode, assembly language code, high-level language code, etc. Such code may include computer-readable instructions for performing various methods. Such code may constitute part of a computer program product. Further, in one example, the code may be tangibly stored, during execution or otherwise, on one or more volatile, non-transitory, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media. Examples of these tangible computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, hard disks, removable magnetic disks, removable optical disks (e.g., compact disks and digital video disks), magnetic cassettes, memory cards or sticks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), etc.

[0458] The above description is intended to be illustrative, not limiting. For example, the above examples (or one or more aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments may be utilized by those skilled in the art upon reviewing the above description. An Abstract is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. The Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together to simplify the disclosure. This should not be construed as intending that any unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may comprise less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and such embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Claims

1. 1. An adaptive article of clothing comprising: a textile configured to be worn by a wearer; is fixed to the fabric, a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member; a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member partially overlapping the first conductive member; a resilient housing in which the first and second electrode assemblies are disposed, the resilient housing forming a first bond with the first conductive member at a first location of the resilient housing and a second bond with the second conductive member adjacent a second location of the resilient housing different from the first location; an electrical signal generator configured to supply first and second signals to the first and second conductive members of the electrode assembly, respectively, wherein the first electrode assembly is configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied, and to remain stationary relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied; An electrostatic adhesive clutch comprising: the electrostatic adhesive clutch configured to inhibit an increase in size of an opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies, and to allow an increase in size of the opening when the first and second signals are not applied; 1. An adaptive article of clothing, comprising:

2. 10. The adaptive article of clothing of claim 1, wherein said elastic enclosure is an elastic waterproof enclosure.

3. 3. The adaptive article of clothing of claim 2, wherein the resilient waterproof enclosure is formed at least in part from a polymer configured to form the first and second bonds with the first and second conductive members, respectively.

4. 4. The adaptive article of clothing of claim 3, wherein said polymer is thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

5. 5. The adaptive article of clothing of claim 4, wherein the first conductive member defines a hole adjacent the first location where the first bond is formed, and the second conductive member defines a hole adjacent the second location where the second bond is formed.

6. 6. The adaptive article of clothing of claim 5, wherein said first and second conductive members comprise Mylar.

7. 10. The adaptive article of clothing of claim 1, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprises a controller operatively coupled to the electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply the first and second signals based on received input.

8. 8. The adaptive clothing article of claim 7, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprises a sensor operatively coupled to the controller and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, the controller configured to receive the sensor signal as the input.

9. The adaptive article of clothing of claim 8 , wherein the sensor is at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or a pressure sensor.

10. 1. A method of manufacturing an adaptive clothing article, comprising: forming a textile configured to be worn by a wearer; a first electrode assembly including a first conductive member; a second electrode assembly including a second conductive member partially overlapping the first conductive member; a resilient housing in which the first and second electrode assemblies are disposed, the resilient housing forming a first bond with the first conductive member at a first location of the resilient housing and a second bond with the second conductive member adjacent a second location of the resilient housing different from the first location; an electrical signal generator configured to supply first and second signals to the first and second conductive members of the electrode assembly, respectively, wherein the first electrode assembly is configured to slide laterally relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are not applied, and to remain stationary relative to the second electrode assembly when the first and second signals are applied; An electrostatic adhesive clutch comprising: securing the electrostatic adhesive clutch to the fabric, the electrostatic adhesive clutch being configured to inhibit an increase in size of the opening when the first and second signals are applied to the first and second electrode assemblies, and allowing an increase in size of the opening when the first and second signals are not applied; A method comprising:

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the resilient enclosure is a resilient waterproof enclosure.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the resilient waterproof enclosure is formed at least in part from a polymer configured to form the first and second bonds with the first and second conductive members, respectively.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymer is a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first conductive member forms a hole proximate the first location where the first bond is formed, and the second conductive member forms a hole proximate the second location where the second bond is formed.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first and second conductive members are formed from mylar.

16. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprises a controller operatively coupled to the electrical signal generator and configured to cause the electrical signal generator to apply the first and second signals based on a received input.

17. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the electrostatic adhesive clutch further comprises a sensor operably coupled to the controller and configured to output a sensor signal based on a detected state of the adaptive clothing article, the controller configured to receive the sensor signal as the input.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the sensor is at least one of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or a pressure sensor.

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