Power supply device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power supply device, and provides a power supply device that uses a secondary battery to supply power, the power supply device being capable of stably supplying power by monitoring the state of the secondary battery in real time.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0106846, filed on August 25, 2022, and all contents disclosed in the Korean Patent Application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a power supply device, and more particularly to a power supply device that supplies power using a secondary battery, and that can stably supply power by monitoring the state of the secondary battery in real time. [Background technology]

[0003] Generally, secondary batteries are batteries that can be used repeatedly through a discharging process, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy, and a charging process, which is the reverse of the discharging process. Types of secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries, lithium metal batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, and lithium-ion polymer batteries. Among these secondary batteries, lithium secondary batteries, which have high energy density and voltage, a long cycle life, and a low self-discharge rate, have been commercialized and are widely used.

[0004] As described above, secondary batteries are used in power supply and storage devices utilized in mobile devices such as electric vehicles and systems such as smart grids because they can easily store electrical energy as chemical energy and release chemical energy as electrical energy.

[0005] In this case, the state of the secondary battery affects the efficiency and function of the device or system to which the secondary battery is applied, and is directly related to the safety of the user, especially when the secondary battery is applied to an electric vehicle.

[0006] Therefore, it is very important to know the state of the secondary battery in real time in a device that supplies power from the secondary battery.

[0007] One method for real-time monitoring of the state of secondary batteries is the three-electrode system.

[0008] Specifically, a three-electrode analytical system using a reference electrode can be used to monitor the positive and negative electrodes of a secondary battery. Conventional three-electrode systems use a Li4Ti5O 12 ) A thin copper wire coated with active material is used as the reference electrode.

[0009] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, in a three-electrode battery, a Cu wire coated with an LTO active material is inserted as a reference electrode 14 into a separator 13 laminated between a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12. More specifically, the separator 13 between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may be double-layered, and the reference electrode 14 may be located between the double separators 13.

[0010] In this case, if a wire-type reference electrode is used, a blocking area occurs depending on the shape of the reference electrode 14 as shown in FIG. 2, which may result in an unreacted area and cause a decrease in the performance of the secondary battery.

[0011] The size of the blocking area increases depending on the rigidity and thickness of the electrode itself, which can be problematic. In particular, if pressure increases in the area where the reference electrode is located due to an increase in the thickness of the electrode and an increase in the internal pressure of the battery caused by gas generation while the battery is operating, this can cause damage to the electrode and the separator, resulting in performance degradation and safety issues in devices or systems to which a power supply device using a secondary battery is applied. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0012] The present invention relates to a power supply device, and to provide a power supply device that supplies power using a secondary battery, capable of monitoring the state of the secondary battery in real time to stably supply power.

[0013] The technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to the above-mentioned technical problems, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] The power supply device of the present invention includes a battery module having the plurality of secondary batteries; and a BMS (battery management system) unit that controls the battery module; at least one of the plurality of secondary batteries is a three-electrode battery having a reference electrode, and the reference electrode of the three-electrode battery is in the form of a film having a plurality of perforation holes formed therein. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] The power supply device of the present invention is equipped with a three-electrode battery that can be driven stably even for long periods of time or multiple cycles, and thus allows the state of the secondary battery to be monitored in real time.

[0016] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention minimizes the size of the blocking area caused by the reference electrode, and can prevent electrode damage such as electrode dents caused by pressure changes inside the battery and circuit problems such as internal wear.

[0017] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention allows highly reliable monitoring of the positive and negative electrodes regardless of the physical properties of the electrodes themselves and whether they are driven or not.

[0018] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention is advantageous for monitoring Si / SiO batteries, which have large thickness variations, and for long-term degradation.

[0019] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention can be expected to have a reduced three-electrode deviation effect due to a reduced cutoff region.

[0020] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention has a structure that is easy to design for medium-sized and large-sized batteries, and is applicable regardless of the electrode stack or area. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional three-electrode battery. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional three-electrode battery. [Figure 3] 1 is a block diagram showing a power supply device according to the present invention; [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a three-electrode battery. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the stacked structure of a three-electrode battery. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between a first electrode and a reference electrode. [Figure 7] 10 is a graph showing battery characteristics depending on the porosity of the first region. [Figure 8A] 10 is a photograph showing the state of a battery electrode using a reference electrode. [Figure 8B] 10 is a photograph showing the state of a battery electrode using a reference electrode. [Figure 8C] 10 is a photograph showing the state of a battery electrode using a reference electrode. [Figure 9] 10 is a graph showing the depth of charge at 1C charge and 2C charge. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] The power supply device of the present invention includes a battery module having a plurality of secondary batteries; and a BMS unit that controls the battery module, wherein at least one of the plurality of secondary batteries is a three-electrode battery having a reference electrode, and the reference electrode of the three-electrode battery is in the form of a film having a plurality of perforated holes formed therein.

[0023] In the power supply device of the present invention, the three-electrode battery includes a main separator; the film-like reference electrode laminated on one side of the main separator; an auxiliary separator laminated on the one side of the main separator with the reference electrode sandwiched therebetween; a first electrode and a second electrode laminated with the main separator, the reference electrode, and the auxiliary separator sandwiched therebetween; and a battery case having an internal space in which the main separator, the reference electrode, the auxiliary separator, the first electrode, and the second electrode are accommodated; and the reference electrode has a thickness of 45 to 120 μm.

[0024] In the power supply device of the present invention, the reference electrode includes a first region facing the first electrode or the second electrode and a second region protruding from one side of the first electrode or the second electrode, the plurality of perforated holes are formed in the first region, and the porosity of the plurality of perforated holes in the first region is 30 to 70%.

[0025] The three-electrode battery of the power supply device of the present invention further includes a reference electrode lead having one end fused to the second region of the reference electrode and the other end protruding outside the battery case.

[0026] In the power supply device of the present invention, the area of ​​the first region is 1 to 1 to 10% of the area of ​​the first electrode or the second electrode.

[0027] In the power supply device of the present invention, the reference electrode includes a foil member forming a body, and a reference electrode active material coated on the foil member.

[0028] In the power supply device of the present invention, the material of the foil member includes at least one of Cu-foil and Al-foil.

[0029] In the power supply device of the present invention, the reference electrode active material is selected from the group consisting of LTO (Li4Ti5O12), LFP (LiFePO4), Li metal, and combinations thereof.

[0030] The power supply device of the present invention further includes a first voltage measurement unit that measures the voltage between the reference electrode and the first electrode or the second electrode; and a second voltage measurement unit that measures the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; and the measured values ​​of the first voltage measurement unit and the second voltage measurement unit are transmitted to the BMS unit.

[0031] The power supply device of the present invention further includes a first voltage measurement unit that measures the voltage between the reference electrode and the first electrode or the second electrode; and a second voltage measurement unit that measures the voltage of the battery module; and the measured values ​​of the first voltage measurement unit and the second voltage measurement unit are transmitted to the BMS unit.

[0032] In the power supply device of the present invention, the battery modules are provided in plurality, each of the plurality of battery modules is provided with at least one or more three-electrode batteries, the first voltage measurement units are provided in plurality, and the second voltage measurement units are provided in plurality, and each of the plurality of battery modules is provided with at least one or more first voltage measurement units and at least one or more second voltage measurement units.

[0033] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this description, the size and shape of components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience. Furthermore, terms specifically defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention may vary depending on the intentions or practices of users and operators. Definitions of such terms should be based on the overall content of this specification.

[0034] In describing the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "one side," and "other side" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of the present invention is normally arranged when in use, and are merely for the purpose of explaining and simplifying the present invention. They do not present or imply that the displayed devices or elements must necessarily be configured or operated in a specific orientation, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a power supply device of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a three-electrode battery. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing the stacked structure of a three-electrode battery. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the first electrode and the reference electrode. FIG. 7 is a graph showing battery characteristics depending on the porosity of the first region. FIGS. 8A to 8C are photographs showing the state of the battery electrode depending on the reference electrode. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the depth of charge for 1C charge and 2C charge. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of a power supply device of the present invention.

[0036] The power supply device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 3 to 10. In the xyz coordinate system shown in Figures 4 to 6, the x-axis direction is the first direction, the y-axis direction is the second direction, and the z-axis direction is the up-down direction.

[0037] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the power supply device of the present invention includes a battery module 300 having a plurality of secondary batteries 200; and a BMS unit 400 that controls the battery module 300; at least one of the plurality of secondary batteries 200 is a three-electrode battery 100 having a reference electrode 110, and the reference electrode of the three-electrode battery 100 is in the form of a film having a plurality of perforated holes 113 formed therein.

[0038] The battery module 300 is a collection of a plurality of secondary batteries 200, which are electrically connected to each other and housed in a housing to secure the secondary batteries 200 so that they do not shake due to impact or vibration. The secondary batteries 200 are connected in series within the battery module 300. The three-electrode battery 100 is one or some of the secondary batteries 200 provided in the battery module 300. If necessary, all of the secondary batteries 200 provided in the battery module 300 may be three-electrode batteries 100. In the power supply device of the present invention, the secondary batteries 200 may be various types of batteries. For example, the secondary batteries 200 and the three-electrode batteries 100 may be pouch-type batteries.

[0039] The power supply device of the present invention may further include a cooling circuit (not shown) that is controlled by the BMS unit 400 and controls the temperature of the battery module.

[0040] The BMS unit 400 can monitor specific values ​​such as voltage (individual voltages of the secondary battery or three-electrode battery, total voltage of the battery module, minimum or maximum voltage of the secondary battery, etc.), current (charge or discharge current, etc.), temperature (individual temperatures of the secondary battery, average temperature of the battery module, temperature at the inlet or outlet of a cooling circuit provided, temperature of the coolant flowing through the cooling circuit, etc.), SoC, SoH, depth of discharge, etc. Furthermore, the BMS unit 400 performs at least one function of voltage control (charge voltage, overcharge voltage, etc.), current control (overcurrent, charge current, discharge current, etc.), output limiting (output control through current control and voltage control, etc.), temperature control (cooling circuit control, etc.), cell balancing (frequency converter-PWM inverter), SoC control and cell protection (control of the battery operating point so that regenerative braking energy can be absorbed without reaching an overcharge state), and relay control.

[0041] As shown in FIG. 4, the three-electrode battery 100 of the power supply device of the present invention includes a main separator 120; a film-shaped reference electrode 110 laminated on one side of the main separator 120; an auxiliary separator 130 laminated on one side of the main separator 120 with the reference electrode 110 sandwiched therebetween; a first electrode 140 and a second electrode 150 laminated with the main separator 120, the reference electrode 110, and the auxiliary separator 130 sandwiched therebetween; and a battery case 160 in which the main separator 120, the reference electrode 110, the auxiliary separator 130, the first electrode 140, and the second electrode 150 are accommodated.

[0042] The reference electrode 110 has a thickness of 45 to 120 μm. The thickness of the reference electrode 110 is determined in consideration of the lifting phenomenon between the first electrode 140 and the second electrode 150, the dent phenomenon due to the impact or vibration applied to the three-electrode battery 100, etc.

[0043] One of the first electrode 140 and the second electrode 150 may be a positive electrode, and the other may be a negative electrode.

[0044] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the first electrode 140 may include a first electrode collector 141, a first electrode active material 142 coated on the surface of the first electrode collector 141, a first electrode tab 144 welded to an uncoated portion of the first electrode collector 141 where the first electrode active material 142 is not coated, and a first electrode lead 145 having one end welded to the first electrode tab 144 inside the battery case 160 and the other end protruding outside the battery case 160. The second electrode 150 may also include a second electrode collector 151, a second electrode active material 152 coated on the surface of the second electrode collector 151, a second electrode tab 154 welded to an uncoated portion of the second electrode collector 151 where the second electrode active material 152 is not coated, and a second electrode lead 155 having one end welded to the second electrode tab 154 inside the battery case 160 and the other end protruding outside the battery case 160.

[0045] The material of the main separator 120 and the auxiliary separator 130 includes at least one of ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene / butene copolymer, ethylene / hexene copolymer, and ethylene / methacrylate copolymer.

[0046] The main separator 120 is located between the first electrode 140 and the second electrode 150 .

[0047] A plurality of main separators 120, first electrodes 140, and second electrodes 150 may be provided, and the auxiliary separator 130 and the reference electrode 110 may be provided on one of the plurality of main separators 120.

[0048] The main separator 120, the first electrode 140 and the second electrode 150 are each made of a sheet and are stacked so as to overlap each other.

[0049] The auxiliary separator 130 may have a size that can cover the reference electrode 110 so that the reference electrode 110 does not directly contact the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150 .

[0050] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the three-electrode battery of the power supply device of the present invention is completed by injecting an electrolyte into a battery case 160 together with an electrode assembly formed by stacking the first electrode 140, main separator 120, reference electrode 110, auxiliary separator 130, and second electrode 150 in this order, or the first electrode 140, auxiliary separator 130, reference electrode 110, main separator 120, and second electrode 150 in this order, and then sealing the battery case 160.

[0051] In this case, when a plurality of first electrodes 140 and a plurality of second electrodes 150 are provided, the first electrode tabs 144 welded to each of the plurality of first electrodes 140 are welded to one first electrode lead 145, and the second electrode tabs 154 welded to each of the plurality of second electrodes 150 are welded to one second electrode lead 155, and one end of the first electrode lead 145 and one end of the second electrode lead 155 protrude outside the battery case 160.

[0052] 5 and 6, the reference electrode 110 includes a first region (A1) facing the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150, and a second region (A2) protruding from one side of the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150, and the plurality of perforated holes 113 are formed in the first region (A1). That is, the first region (A1) determines the reference potential applied to the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150, and the second region (A2) is for electrical connection.

[0053] In the three-electrode battery 100 of the power supply device of the present invention, the reference electrode 110 has a plurality of perforated holes 113 formed therein. By forming a plurality of perforated holes 113 in the reference electrode 110, the reference electrode 110 can be prevented from interfering with ion movement between the first electrode 140 and the second electrode 150, thereby suppressing the formation of a blocking region. The porosity of the first region (A1) due to the plurality of perforated holes 113 is 30 to 70%. That is, the total area of ​​the plurality of perforated holes 113 can be 30 to 70% of the area of ​​the first region (A1). If the porosity of the first region (A1) is less than 30%, ion diffusion will be poor, and if it is more than 70%, the reference electrode may be broken. Therefore, the porosity of the first region (A1) due to the plurality of perforated holes 113 is preferably 30 to 70%.

[0054] FIG. 7 is a graph showing battery characteristics as a function of the porosity of the first region. Specifically, a test foil with perforations was inserted between the separator and the negative electrode of a battery including an electrode assembly stacked in this order: a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode. Four batteries were prepared; test foils with porosities of 17%, 32%, and 50% were inserted into three batteries, respectively; and no test foil was inserted into the remaining battery. As shown in FIG. 7, the battery equipped with a test foil with a porosity of less than 30% (17% porosity) exhibited impaired ion migration, while the batteries equipped with test foils with porosities of 30% or more (32% and 50% porosity) exhibited behavior similar to that of a secondary battery without a test foil.

[0055] The three-electrode battery 100 of the power supply device of the present invention further includes a reference electrode lead 115, one end of which is fused to the second region (A2) of the reference electrode 110 and the other end of which protrudes outside the battery case 160. Because the reference electrode 110 is made of a thin metal film or foil, it does not have the minimum rigidity required for fusion to seal the battery case 160 or for connection to an external electrical terminal. Therefore, the reference electrode lead 115, which is a conductor for electrical connection, is connected to the reference electrode 110, and the reference electrode lead 115 is welded to the second region (A2).

[0056] In the power supply device of the present invention, the area of ​​the first region (A1) is 1 to 10% of the area of ​​the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150. If the first region (A1) of the reference electrode 110 is formed with a size exceeding 10%, the lithium ion diffusion resistance increases.

[0057] 6, the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150 may be formed as a rectangle having edges in a first direction and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other. More specifically, the length of the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150 in the first direction may be longer than the length of the second direction.

[0058] In this case, the length Wr of the first region (A1) in the first direction is formed to be 1 to 3% of the length FL of the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150 in the first direction, and the length Lr of the first region (A1) in the second direction is formed to be 5 to 95% of the length Fw of the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150 in the second direction. The length Lr of the first region (A1) in the second direction is determined in consideration of the specifications, material, number of layers, layer configuration, etc. of the first electrode or the second electrode.

[0059] That is, the reference electrode 110 may have a shape extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 150.

[0060] 4, the reference electrode 110 includes a foil member 111 forming a body and a reference electrode active material 112 coated on the foil member 111. The reference electrode active material 112 may be applied to a first region (A1), and the second region (A2) may be a plain area where the reference electrode active material 112 is not applied. For example, the width of the first region (A1) and the second region (A2) in the first direction may be 2 mm, and the length of the first region (A1) in the second direction may be 15 mm, and the length of the second region (A2) may be 3 mm.

[0061] The material of the foil member 111 includes at least one of Cu-foil and Al-foil, and the reference electrode active material 112 is LTO (Li4Ti5O 12 ), LFP (LiFePO4), Li metal, and combinations thereof.

[0062] 8A to 8C are photographs of the electrode surfaces of a three-electrode battery that uses reference electrode 110 and a conventional wire-type reference electrode, respectively, which are applicable to the power supply device of the present invention. In Figs. 8A to 8C, the left side shows the battery with the conventional wire-type reference electrode, and the right side shows the battery with reference electrode 110 of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 8A shows electrodes extracted from a battery with a 100% SoC (State of Charge). While unreacted regions are observed in the conventional type, no unreacted regions are observed in the electrodes of the three-electrode battery used in the power supply device of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 8B shows an electrode extracted from a battery that had been subjected to 20 cycles of 1C / 1C charging and discharging. It can be seen that the Li deposition in the conventional type was uneven near the wire reference electrode.

[0065] 8C is a photograph taken from a battery subjected to fast charging. While conventional types experience deepening of deposition in the area adjacent to the wire-type reference electrode, the electrodes of the three-electrode battery applied to the power supply device of the present invention show that deposition in the area adjacent to the reference electrode 110 is alleviated.

[0066] 9 is a graph showing the state of charge for 1C charge and 2C charge. It can be seen that the three-electrode battery applied to the power supply device of the present invention has a smaller deviation in state of charge than the conventional battery.

[0067] The power supply device of the present invention further includes a first voltage measurement unit that measures the voltage between a reference electrode and a first electrode or a second electrode; and a second voltage measurement unit that measures the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; and the measured values ​​of the first voltage measurement unit and the second voltage measurement unit are transmitted to the BMS unit.

[0068] In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the power supply device of the present invention further includes a first voltage measurement unit 510 that measures the voltage between the reference electrode 110 and the first electrode 140 or the second electrode 140, and a second voltage measurement unit 520 that measures the voltage of the battery module 300, and the measurement values ​​of the first voltage measurement unit 510 and the second voltage measurement unit 520 are transmitted to the BMS unit 300.

[0069] A plurality of battery modules 300 are provided, each of which is provided with at least one three-electrode battery 100, a plurality of first voltage measurement units 510 are provided, and a plurality of second voltage measurement units 520 are provided, and each of the plurality of battery modules 300 is provided with at least one first voltage measurement unit 510 and at least one second voltage measurement unit 520.

[0070] While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and equivalent embodiments are possible. Therefore, the true technical scope of the present invention should be determined by the following claims. [Industrial Applicability]

[0071] The power supply device of the present invention is equipped with a three-electrode battery that can be driven stably even when used for a long period of time or for many cycles, and thus allows the state of the secondary battery to be monitored in real time.

[0072] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention minimizes the size of the blocking area caused by the reference electrode, thereby preventing electrode damage such as electrode dents caused by pressure changes inside the battery and circuit problems such as internal short circuits.

[0073] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention allows highly reliable monitoring of the positive and negative electrodes, regardless of the physical properties of the electrodes themselves and whether they are driven or not.

[0074] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention is advantageous for Si / SiO batteries that have large thickness variations and for monitoring long-term degradation.

[0075] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention can be expected to have a reduced three-electrode deviation due to a reduced cutoff area.

[0076] The three-electrode battery in the power supply device of the present invention has a structure that is easy to design for medium-sized and large-sized batteries, and is applicable regardless of the electrode stack or area. [Explanation of symbols]

[0077] 100:3 electrode battery 110:Reference electrode 111: Foil material 112: Reference electrode active material 113:Drilling hole 115: Reference electrode lead 120: Main separation membrane 130:Auxiliary separation membrane 140: 1st electrode 141: First electrode current collector 142:First electrode active material 144: First electrode tab 145: First electrode lead 150: 2nd electrode 151: Second electrode current collector 152:Second electrode active material 154: Second electrode tab 155: Second electrode lead 160: Battery case 200: Secondary battery 300: Battery module 400:BMS unit 510: First voltage measurement unit 520: Second voltage measurement unit A1:First area A2:Second area

Claims

1. a battery module including a plurality of secondary batteries; a BMS unit for controlling the battery module; At least one of the plurality of secondary batteries is a three-electrode battery including a reference electrode; the reference electrode of the three-electrode battery is made of a film having a plurality of perforated holes formed therein; The three-electrode battery is A main separation membrane; the reference electrode in the form of a film laminated on one side of the main separator; an auxiliary separator laminated on the one side of the main separator with the reference electrode interposed therebetween; a first electrode and a second electrode stacked on each other with the main separator, the reference electrode, and the auxiliary separator sandwiched therebetween; a battery case having an internal space in which the main separator, the reference electrode, the auxiliary separator, the first electrode, and the second electrode are accommodated, The reference electrode is a first region facing the first electrode or the second electrode; a second region protruding from one side of the first electrode or the second electrode, The plurality of perforated holes are formed in the first region.

2. A power supply device as described in claim 1, wherein the reference electrode has a thickness of 45 to 120 μm.

3. A power supply device as described in claim 1, wherein the porosity of the plurality of perforated holes in the first region is 30 to 70%.

4. The power supply device of claim 1 , wherein the three-electrode battery further comprises a reference electrode lead, one end of which is fused to the second region of the reference electrode and the other end of which protrudes outside the battery case.

5. 2. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the area of ​​the first region is 1 to 10% of the area of ​​the first electrode or the second electrode.

6. The reference electrode is a foil member forming a body; The power supply device of claim 1 , further comprising: a reference electrode active material coated on the foil member.

7. 7. The power supply device according to claim 6, wherein the material of the foil member includes at least one of Cu-foil and Al-foil.

8. The reference electrode active material is LTO (Li ４ Ti ５ O １２ ), LFP (LiFePO ４ 7. The power supply of claim 6, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of: Li metal;

9. a first voltage measurement unit for measuring a voltage between the reference electrode and the first electrode or the second electrode; a second voltage measurement unit for measuring a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; The power supply device according to claim 1 , wherein the measured values ​​of the first voltage measurement unit and the second voltage measurement unit are transmitted to the BMS unit.

10. a first voltage measurement unit for measuring a voltage between the reference electrode and the first electrode or the second electrode; a second voltage measuring unit for measuring the voltage of the battery module; The power supply device of claim 1 , wherein the measured values ​​of the first voltage measurement unit and the second voltage measurement unit are transmitted to the BMS unit.

11. The battery module is provided in plurality, Each of the plurality of battery modules includes at least one three-electrode battery; a plurality of the first voltage measurement units are provided, a plurality of the second voltage measurement units are provided; The power supply device according to claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of battery modules is provided with at least one first voltage measuring unit and at least one second voltage measuring unit.

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