Plant Support Structures and Systems

Abstract

A plant support structure for housing plants is described. The plant support structure includes a vertically extending framework arranged to define a plurality of geometric blocks and a vertically extending channel formed around the geometric blocks. The channel is configured to receive a porous material therein for conveying water from an uppermost end of the plant support structure down the channel for irrigating plants within the channel. A system for housing and maintaining plants includes the plant support structure.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2020901728, filed May 27, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to plant support structures and plant support systems for housing plants. [Background technology]

[0003] Over the past century, various human activities, such as the clearing of forests and natural ecosystems for agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential properties, as well as other human actions, have reduced the amount of flora and fauna in the environment. In many ways, the absence of flora has, at the very least, a negative aesthetic impact on the built environment. The absence of fauna also negatively impacts the flora and biodiversity of the built environment. In addition, many cities are beginning to suffer from the "heat island" effect, where urban areas become hotter than nearby rural areas.

[0004] Recently, several systems have been developed to introduce nature into urban environments, including wall greening systems, green walls, and green curtains. Wall greening uses a lattice system to support the vines of plants rooted in the ground, while in green curtains, the plants are rooted in wall modules. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a plant support structure for accommodating plants, the plant support structure including a framework including a plurality of primary elements interconnected to one another in a vertically extending arrangement, the interconnected primary elements forming a plurality of geometric blocks and a vertically extending channel formed around the geometric blocks, the channel configured to receive a porous material therein for transporting water from an uppermost end of the plant support structure down the channel to irrigate plants within the channel.

[0006] Also described is a plant support structure for housing plants, the plant support structure including a framework arranged to extend vertically and form a plurality of geometric blocks, and a vertically extending channel formed around the geometric blocks, the channel configured to receive a porous material therein for transporting water from an uppermost end of the plant support structure down the channel for irrigating plants within the channel.

[0007] In one embodiment, at least one of the primary elements has a mini-awning for providing shade to plants within the channel and / or buildings associated with the plant support structure.

[0008] In one embodiment, the interconnected primary elements in the framework form an interlocking hexagonal geometric structure.

[0009] In one embodiment, the geometric blocks form an interlocking hexagonal geometric structure.

[0010] In one embodiment, the framework has a first layer and a second layer of interconnected primary elements spaced horizontally from the first layer, with channels formed between the first and second layers.

[0011] In one embodiment, the channel is open on two sides.

[0012] In one embodiment, the channel substantially continuously descends by not including any substantially horizontally extending portions.

[0013] In one embodiment, the channel does not include any substantially horizontally extending portions.

[0014] In one embodiment, the channel descends continuously vertically along its entire length.

[0015] In one embodiment, the porous material is configured to accommodate and integrate plant roots.

[0016] In one embodiment, the framework may be formed by or may include a plurality of primary elements interconnected to one another.

[0017] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for housing and maintaining plants, the system comprising a plant support structure according to the first aspect, porous material held within channels, and an irrigation system for supplying water to the top of the channels of the plant support structure.

[0018] Also disclosed is a system for housing and maintaining plants, including a plant support structure including a framework having vertically extending channels, e.g., as described above. The channels are configured to receive a porous material therein for conveying water from an uppermost end of the plant support structure down the channels for irrigating plants within the channels. An irrigation system is configured to supply water to the tops of the channels of the plant support structure.

[0019] In one embodiment, the system further includes a water treatment pond located near a lowermost end of the plant support structure, the water treatment pond configured to receive and purify water that overflows through the channels of the plant support structure due to irrigation.

[0020] In one embodiment, the system further includes a water storage tank for storing water overflowing through the channels of the plant support structure due to irrigation or purified water received from the water treatment pond.

[0021] In one embodiment, the system further includes a water basin at a height near or above the plant support structure, the water basin receiving water from the water storage tank to supply water to the irrigation system.

[0022] In one embodiment, the system further includes a power source and a pump for pumping water from the water reservoir to the aquarium.

[0023] In one embodiment, the pump is powered by solar energy to pump water into the aquarium.

[0024] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a plant support structure for accommodating plants, the plant support structure comprising: a framework including at least two layers of a plurality of geometric blocks horizontally spaced apart to form spaces between the geometric blocks; and a porous material fixed in the spaces between the geometric blocks, whereby the geometric blocks and the porous material form vertically extending channels to transport water down the channels.

[0025] In one embodiment, the vertically extending channel may form a substantially continuously descending, non-linear path along its entire length.

[0026] In one embodiment, the framework is formed from fiber reinforced concrete.

[0027] In one embodiment, the porous material is a wicking material.

[0028] In one embodiment, the geometric blocks are hexagons oriented with one vertex as the top of each block.

[0029] In one embodiment, the geometric blocks include one or more elongated hexagonal blocks, where the location of the elongated blocks increases the separation between portions of the plant support structure relative to non-elongated hexagonal blocks.

[0030] In one embodiment, the plant support structure is affixed to the structure with at least two layers spaced apart from the structure.

[0031] In one embodiment, the plant support structure further includes one or more platforms between the innermost of the at least two layers and the building, the platforms configured to accommodate personnel thereon.

[0032] In one embodiment, each geometric block of the plant support structures described herein may have a continuous line of thickened material that extends downward on either side of the periphery of the thickened material relative to the material on one or both sides of the line.

[0033] Further aspects of the disclosure and further embodiments of the aspects described in the previous paragraphs will become apparent from the following description, given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0034] [Figure 1a] FIG. 1 is a front view of a plant support structure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 1b] FIG. 10 is a front view of a plant support structure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2a] FIG. 1 is a front view of a plant support structure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2b] FIG. 10 is a front view of a plant support structure according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3a] FIG. 1b is a perspective view of the plant support structure shown in FIG. 1a. [Figure 3b] FIG. 1b is a perspective view of the plant support structure shown in FIG. 1a. [Figure 4]10A-10C illustrate further configurations of a plant support structure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 10A-10C illustrate further configurations of plant support structures with windows in the plant support structure according to further embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 shows an example of the installation of plant support structures on different floors of a building. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 illustrates a plant support system including a plant support structure and various other components for supporting and growing plants on the plant support structure. [Figure 8a] FIG. 10 shows the arms of the plant support structure with hexagonal blocks. [Figure 8b] FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support structure suspended as a building facade spanning multiple floors of a building. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates a channel of a plant support structure that accommodates multiple plants and allows for the consolidation of plant root balls throughout the channel. [Figure 11a] 1A-1C illustrate some of the various prototypes of the present plant support structures and associated systems for housing plants and supporting their growth. [Figure 11b] 1A-1C illustrate some of the various prototypes of the present plant support structures and associated systems for housing plants and supporting their growth. [Figure 11c] 1A-1C illustrate some of the various prototypes of the present plant support structures and associated systems for housing plants and supporting their growth. [Figure 12a] 10A-10C illustrate various different configurations of a plant support structure when installed as a building facade and the availability of different access points for maintaining the plant support structure in this configuration. [Figure 12b] 10A-10C illustrate various different configurations of a plant support structure when installed as a building facade and the availability of different access points for maintaining the plant support structure in this configuration. [Figure 12c]10A-10C illustrate various different configurations of a plant support structure when installed as a building facade and the availability of different access points for maintaining the plant support structure in this configuration. [Figure 13a] 10A-10C illustrate various different configurations of a plant support structure when installed as a building facade and the availability of different access points for maintaining the plant support structure in this configuration. [Figure 13b] 10A-10C illustrate various different configurations of a plant support structure when installed as a building facade and the availability of different access points for maintaining the plant support structure in this configuration. [Figure 13c] 10A-10C illustrate various different configurations of a plant support structure when installed as a building facade and the availability of different access points for maintaining the plant support structure in this configuration. [Figure 14] 1A-1C illustrate various configurations of multi-tier plant support structures installed as freestanding or partially supported pavilions. [Figure 15] 1A-1C illustrate various configurations of multi-tier plant support structures installed as freestanding or partially supported pavilions. [Figure 16] 1A-1C illustrate various configurations of multi-tier plant support structures installed as freestanding or partially supported pavilions. [Figure 17] 1A-1C illustrate various configurations of multi-tier plant support structures installed as freestanding or partially supported pavilions. [Figure 18] 1A-1C illustrate various configurations of multi-tier plant support structures installed as freestanding or partially supported pavilions. [Figure 19a] FIG. 1 shows a plant support structure constructed from interconnected elements with mini-awnings. [Figure 19b] FIG. 1 shows a plant support structure constructed from interconnected elements with mini-awnings. [Figure 19c] FIG. 1 shows a plant support structure constructed from interconnected elements with mini-awnings. [Figure 19d] FIG. 1 shows a plant support structure constructed from interconnected elements with mini-awnings. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 shows an assembled plant support structure having a curve. [Figure 21a] 1A-1C illustrate exemplary plant support structures having different configurations. [Figure 21b] 1A-1C illustrate exemplary plant support structures having different configurations. [Figure 22a] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support structure that may be suitable for use with a commercial building. [Figure 22b] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support structure that may be suitable for use with a commercial building. [Figure 23a] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support structure that may be suitable for use with residential buildings. [Figure 23b] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support structure that may be suitable for use with residential buildings. [Figure 24a] FIG. 1 illustrates a water basin that may be incorporated into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 24b] FIG. 1 illustrates a water basin that may be incorporated into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 24c] FIG. 1 illustrates a water basin that may be incorporated into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 25a] FIG. 1 illustrates a nest box that may be incorporated into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 25b] FIG. 1 illustrates a nest box that may be incorporated into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 26a] 1A-1C illustrate exemplary plant support structures configured to incorporate different species and / or types of plants. [Figure 26b] 1A-1C illustrate exemplary plant support structures configured to incorporate different species and / or types of plants. [Figure 26c]1A-1C illustrate exemplary plant support structures configured to incorporate different species and / or types of plants. [Figure 27a] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support system and its irrigation. [Figure 27b] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support system and its irrigation. [Figure 28] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support system and its irrigation. [Figure 29a] 1A-1C illustrate methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 29b] 1A-1C illustrate methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 29c] 1A-1C illustrate methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 29d] 1A-1C illustrate methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 29e] 1A-1C illustrate methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 29f] 1A-1C illustrate methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 30] 1A and 1B illustrate exemplary interconnection elements having textured structures. [Figure 31] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a plant support structure according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein having a continuous habitat passage for fauna. [Figure 32] FIG. 1 illustrates an example array of sensors that may be incorporated into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 33a] 29a-29d show alternative methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 33b] 29a-29d show alternative methods of incorporating plants into any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. [Figure 34] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support structure constructed as a fence. [Figure 35a] 10A-10C illustrate how any of the plant support structures disclosed herein can be assembled with curves of various radii. [Figure 35b] 10A-10C illustrate how any of the plant support structures disclosed herein can be assembled with curves of various radii. [Figure 35c] 10A-10C illustrate how any of the plant support structures disclosed herein can be assembled with curves of various radii. [Figure 36] 1A-1C illustrate exemplary plant support structures having different configurations. [Figure 37] 10A-10C illustrate how a plant support structure according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein may incorporate porous material for plant growth. [Figure 38] 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support structure according to one embodiment and how porous material for plant growth may be incorporated into the plant support structure. [Figure 39] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary plant support system and its irrigation. [Figure 40] 1A-1C show an exemplary method for growing plants on a sloped roof. [Figure 41] FIG. 1 illustrates another exemplary plant support system and its irrigation. [Figure 42] FIG. 1 illustrates another exemplary plant support system and its irrigation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] The systems disclosed herein relate to plant support structures and systems for housing and growing flora.

[0036] Referring now to Figure 1a, a diagram of a plant support structure 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For clarity of exposition, Figure 1a is referred to herein as the front view. It will be understood that the front view with the side shown may vary between perspective views.

[0037] The plant support structure 10 includes a framework of primary interconnection elements 10c interconnected to one another in a vertically extending arrangement to form the plant support structure 10. The interconnection elements 10c form an interlocking hexagonal geometric structure including a plurality of geometric blocks 11. Forming the plant support structure 10 from the primary interconnection elements 10c allows for the construction of relatively large structures. For example, as shown in FIG. 1a, the height of the plant support structure 10, compared to a person's height, may be several meters or more, e.g., at least 3 meters, at least 5 meters, at least 10 meters, or more, and the width may be several meters, e.g., at least 3 meters, at least 5 meters, at least 10 meters, or more. Forming the plant support structure 10 from the primary interconnection elements 10c also allows for the outer dimensions and individual dimensions of the plant support structure 10 to be matched to the required installation location, by adding more or fewer primary interconnection elements 10c to adjust the height and / or width of the overall structure.

[0038] The interconnection elements 10c are assembled together using suitable connectors 13. The connectors 13 may be in the form of, for example, brackets, metal tubes, or metal rods, and may securely connect the primary interconnection elements 10c together to assemble the plant support structure 10. The connectors 13 may be made of a suitable lightweight metal, such as, for example, aluminum. Alternatively, the connectors 13 may be made of any suitable weather-resistant material, such as, for example, stainless steel.

[0039] As best seen in FIG. 1a, the assembled plant support structure 10 has a front layer 10a and a back layer 10b formed from primary interconnection elements 10c. The front layer 10a and the back layer 10b are structurally interconnected. In the embodiment shown, the front layer 10a and the back layer 10b may be connected together by connectors 13 during installation. Each of the two layers of the structure 10 includes a plurality of geometric blocks (e.g., blocks 11) of a particular shape and configuration. In this embodiment, each block has a hexagonal geometry. As seen in FIG. 1a, each block 11 is a hexagon oriented with its apex at the top.

[0040] Each of the hexagonal blocks 11 in the front layer 10a and the back layer 10b of the plant support structure 10 forms a channel 14 defined between the front layer 10a and the back layer 10b. Specifically, the channel 14 is formed between the periphery of the block 11 in the front layer 10 and the periphery of the block 11 in the back layer 10b.

[0041] As best seen in Figure 1a, each channel 14 is open on two sides and descends continuously from the top to the bottom of the plant support structure 10, forming a non-linear path along its entire length. Channels 14 also do not include any substantially horizontally extending portions.

[0042] The channels 14 are configured to accommodate and support plants and transport dripping / flowing water to enable plant growth within the structure 10. The channels 14 may also transport fertilizer and other fluids or materials, for example, to implement a hydroponic system. Between facilities, the distance between the front layer 10a and the back layer 10b may vary, and therefore the width of the channels 14 may also vary. By way of example, the width of the channels 14 may be from about 10 cm to about 2 m.

[0043] In some embodiments, the channels 14 may receive and retain porous material (see, e.g., planting features 290a-290d in Figures 29a-29d and lattice 290e in Figure 29e described below) to further assist in containing and supporting plants, e.g., during their initial growth. For example, the porous material may be configured to contain and integrate plant roots. The porous material may also regulate the drip / flow of water through the channels. The porous material may be a wicking material or a porous bag or lattice filled with a suitable medium to support plant growth. For example, the porous material may be a semi-permeable geotextile. Alternatively, the porous material may be formed as a lattice structure, such as lattice 290e shown in Figure 29e (discussed below), which may be 3D printed into various shapes and / or configurations.

[0044] A mesh, basket, or similar may be attached to the plant support structure 10 and extend across the channel 14 between the front layer 10a and the back layer 10b to hold the porous material in place. For example, FIG. 11c shows porous material 111 being held between the front and back layers of the plant support structure using mesh. Alternatively, the porous material may be integrally formed with the mesh or other reinforcement suitable for maintaining the porous material within the channel 14. The wider the channel 14, the more robust the mesh or other structural support needed to hold the porous material in place within the channel 14.

[0045] In some embodiments, the plant support structure 10 is configured to be secured to a wall 15 by support elements 12a. The support elements 12a may extend from the wall 15 to provide structural support to the plant support structure 10. In one embodiment, each support element 12a also forms a connector 13 at that location for a primary interconnection element 10c. For example, the support elements 12a may be rods or tubes that extend from the wall 15 through the interconnection elements 10c, forming the front layer 10a and the back layer 10b. In some embodiments, at least one platform 12b supported by one or more support elements 12a is provided.

[0046] 1a shows two platforms 12b, each supported by a row of support elements 12a. The rows of support elements 12a are separated by at least a height that allows a person to traverse the platform 12b. Thus, the platform 12b allows access to the plant support structure 10, for example, for maintenance of the structure and / or the plants. The platform 12b may be formed from a sturdy perforated material, and the support elements 12a may be formed from a plurality of stems formed from welded plate and / or steel sections that protrude from a mounting plate attached to the back wall 15.

[0047] FIG. 1b shows a front view of a plant support structure 16 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The plant support structure 16 is similar to the plant support structure 10, but has a different configuration. In this embodiment, the framework of the plant support structure 16 is denser than the plant support structure 10 of FIG. 1a. This denser framework allows less sunlight to pass through the plant support structure 16, and therefore the plant support structure 16 is able to block more sunlight. The denser plant support structure 16 also provides a larger surface area for accommodating more plants in the plant support structure 16 than the plant support structure 10. The plant support structure 16 is similar to the plant support structure 10, except that it incorporates a secondary interconnection element 10d. The secondary interconnection element 10d may be a Y-shaped element.

[0048] Plant support structure 16 also has two layers 16a and 16b (similar to front and back layers 10a and 10b of plant support structure 10 of FIG. 1a) that are overlapping and connected together by connector 18 (similar to connector 13). Channels 19 are formed between the two layers 16a and 16b and are configured to house and support plants as well as convey dripping / flowing water to enable plant growth within plant support structure 16. In this embodiment, channels 19 are formed in part by secondary interconnecting elements 10d, which increase the number of vertical paths through plant support structure 16 compared to plant support structure 10.

[0049] 2a shows a front view of plant support structure 10, and FIG. 2b shows a front view of plant support structure 16. A plurality of plants 20 are supported within channels 14 of plant support structure 10, and a plurality of plants 21 are supported within channels 19 of plant support structure 16. Plants 20 may be supported directly by channels 14 or by a porous material disposed within channels 14, and plants 21 may be supported directly by channels 19 or by a porous material disposed within channels 19.

[0050] Figures 3a and 3b show perspective views of the structure 10 shown in Figures 1a and 2a, respectively. Figure 3a shows a perspective view of the structure 10 without plants, and Figure 3b shows a perspective view of the structure 10 with plants. The plant support structure 10 is secured to a back wall 15 using support elements 12a and includes platforms 12b supported by respective support elements. Connectors 13 are provided to connect primary interconnection elements 10c to each other between the support elements 12a.

[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates the configuration of a plant support structure 40 according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. The plant support structure 40 is not as dense as the plant support structure 10 of FIG. 1a and the support structure 16 of FIG. 1b. As is apparent from FIG. 4, the plant support structure 40 includes two different types of primary interconnection elements 41a and 41b. The interconnection elements 41b are longer than the interconnection elements 41a. Assembly of these primary interconnection elements 41a and 41b results in a plant support structure 40 having regular hexagonal blocks 43a and elongated hexagonal blocks 43b, which is less dense than the plant support structures 10 and 16. Similar to the plant support structures 10 and 16, the plant support structure 40 has a front layer 42a and a back layer 42b formed by the primary interconnection elements 41a and 41b. A channel 44 is formed between the front layer 42a and the back layer 42b, similar to the plant support structures 10 and 16. Other components of plant support structure 40 , such as connectors and support elements, are identical to those discussed above with respect to plant support structures 10 and 16 .

[0052] Plant support structure 40 allows more sunlight to pass through, particularly elongated hexagonal block 43b, as compared to plant support structures 10 and 16. In an exemplary application, plant support structure 40 may be configured to place elongated hexagonal block 43b adjacent a window, balcony, or other location where a greater field of view from plant support structure 40 is needed or desired. As shown in FIG. 4, an installation method may include omitting plants from elongated hexagonal block 43b. Porous material within channel 44 around elongated hexagonal block 43b may also be omitted.

[0053] 5 illustrates a plant support structure 50 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. The plant support structure 50 is similar to the plant support structure 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 2a, except that windows 51 are incorporated into the plant support structure 50. The plant support structure 50 may incorporate one or more windows 51. These windows 51 allow sunlight and fresh air to be directly accessible from the interior of a building (e.g., when the plant support structure 50 is used as a building facade to cover one or more sides of a building) without being blocked by an interconnecting element (e.g., any of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein).

[0054] 6 shows a cross section of a building 60 having multiple floors. The front face 64 of the building 60 faces the sun's rays for most of the day. Plant support structures 61 are shown installed in front of each of the floors of the building 60 near the front face 64 of the building 60. The plant support structures 61 are shown installed as the front facade of the building 60. It is also envisioned that the plant support structure 61 may be installed as the back or side facade of the building 60. The plant support structure 61 may be constructed in accordance with any of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0055] The plant support structure may be in the form of a building facade, a free-standing pavilion (e.g., as shown in Figures 14-18), or a fence (e.g., as shown in Figure 34). In embodiments in which the plant support structure serves as a building facade structure for the exterior of a building, the primary interconnection elements are connected to one another to form a plant structure spanning the exterior of the building and are securely fastened to a building support element / concrete slab or the like (e.g., as shown in Figures 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5). In alternative embodiments in which the plant support structure is a free-standing pavilion or fence, the primary interconnection elements may be supported internally, partially internally, or by a concrete block foundation or water tank (e.g., see Figure 34) disposed on the ground.

[0056] 7, there is shown a plant support system 70 comprising a plant support structure 71 and water supply components. The plant support structure is only partially shown for clarity of illustration. The water supply components include a drip irrigation system 78, a reservoir 77, an elevated water basin 74, a water storage tank 75, and a water treatment pond 76. The plant support structure 71 can be any of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0057] 7 shows an exploded view of plant support system 70 to illustrate one embodiment of how the various parts of plant support structure 71 may be assembled and secured together. It will be appreciated that there are various alternative ways of assembling and securing the components in place.

[0058] The plant support structure 71 comprises primary interconnection elements 01. The primary interconnection elements 01 may include any of the primary connection elements disclosed herein. The primary interconnection elements 01 are connected to one another using connectors such as brackets, metal tubes, or metal rods (e.g., connectors 13 and 18 described above) to form the framework of the plant support structure 71. In this embodiment, the connectors are formed from aluminum tubes 02. The plant support structure 71 has a plurality of blocks 72 similar to blocks 11, 43a, and 43b described above. In this embodiment, the blocks 72 are shown having a hexagonal shape.

[0059] Assembly of the various primary interconnection elements 01 results in a plant support structure 71 having channels 73a-73e extending from the top to the bottom of the plant support structure 71. The channels 73a-73e are configured to contain and support plants and convey drip / flow water to enable plant growth within the structure 71. Water enters the system at the top of the geometric shape (e.g., a hexagon) through these channels 73a-73e. The channels 73a-73e may convey fertilizer and other fluids or materials, as needed. In one embodiment, porous material 03, which may be received in the channels 73a-73e, further assists in containing and supporting plants and allows for more controlled drip / flow of water through the channels 73. The channels 73a-73e may function independently to support plants 05, allowing for drip / flow of water from the top to the bottom of the plant support structure 71 without the use of porous material 03.

[0060] In one embodiment, the porous material 03 may be a continuous unit that fits within the channels 73a-73e along the entire height of the plant support structure 71 along multiple interconnecting elements 01 (provided the interiors of the channels 73a-73e are clear of obstructions as shown in FIG. 7). In an alternative embodiment, the porous material 03 is provided in multiple smaller sized sections that are disposed within the channels 73a-73e along the height of the plant support structure 71.

[0061] Secondary interconnection elements 04 (e.g., interconnection element 10d described above) may also be connected to the primary interconnection elements 01, resulting in a denser plant support structure 71. In some embodiments, the secondary interconnection elements 04 are configured to provide additional functionality by incorporating, for example, nesting boxes, boxes, birdhouses, insect nests, or bathtub-shaped water bowls for fauna such as birds. The incorporation of secondary interconnection elements 04 into the plant support structure 71 may be omitted in all or part of the plant support structure 71. In some embodiments, additional functionality may also be provided by structures in one or more of the primary interconnection elements 01.

[0062] The plant support system 70 further includes or is connected to one or more support elements 06 for supporting the plant support structure 71. In one embodiment, each support element 06 is a concrete slab and is secured at its rear surface 06a to or forms part of a building / wall / other structure. Fasteners 07 (e.g., support element 12a described above) secure the plant support structure 71 at its front surface 06b to the support element / concrete slab 06. In this way, the plant support structure 71 is held in place in an upright position. Depending on the size of the plant support structure 71, one or more support elements 06 may be used.

[0063] In one embodiment, a maintenance platform 08 (e.g., platform 12b described above) is secured to the concrete slab 06 and supported by fasteners 07. The maintenance platform 08 allows maintenance personnel to access the plant support structure 71 to maintain the structure and / or the plants. Stairs, ladders, or the like (not shown) may be provided to or by the plant support system 70 between the platform 08 and the plant support structure 71 to provide additional egress from the attached structure. If the structure is a building, these may provide emergency evacuation from the building.

[0064] The plant support structure 71 is configured to receive water from a drip irrigation system 78 that includes a reservoir 77. The reservoir 77 is connected to the channels 73a-73e at the top of the plant support structure 71. Water enters the channels 73a-73e (e.g., through the drip irrigation system 78 or reservoir 275, discussed below) and travels downward through the channels 73a-73e. In some embodiments, the reservoir 77 is fitted with a wicking material to moderate and / or distribute water within and across the channels 73a-73e of the plant support structure 71 or through the porous material 03. In embodiments that include porous material 03 within one or more of the channels 73a-73e, a more controlled flow of water may be provided from the top to the bottom of the plant support structure 71.

[0065] During irrigation of the plants in the plant support structure 71, some overflow water may occur and may be collected in a water treatment pond 76 located near the bottom end of the plant support structure 71. In one example, the porous material 03 may be formed from multiple porous materials, each having a water collector 79 configured to collect water during irrigation. Some of the overflow water may be collected in the collector 79 of each porous material 03. Excess water in the collector 79 of each porous material 03 may later be collected in the water treatment pond 76.

[0066] After water treatment in the water treatment pond 76, the treated water may be transferred to a water storage tank 75. The treated water may then be pumped to an elevated water tank 74 located at an elevation above the leading edge of the structure 71. The system 70 may also include a solar power generation system (not shown) capable of generating sufficient solar energy to pump the treated water to the elevated water tank 74. A drip irrigation system 78 obtains water from the elevated water tank 74 and / or reservoir 77 and supplies it to the channels 73a-73e. The plant support system 70 may also be in fluid communication with an external water utility (e.g., mains water). The external water utility may supply water to the plant support system 70, such as the water tank 74 or the water storage tank 75.

[0067] The plant support systems 70 of the present disclosure are systems that can mimic to some extent the complex ecosystem of a forest that supports plant growth, thus providing an "artificial" habitat for insects, reptiles, birds, and other fauna. These systems may therefore also help address the problem of rapid decline in biodiversity in urban areas.

[0068] The plant support structures and plant support systems disclosed herein may have many uses as retrofittable building facades, freestanding pavilions / walls, or fencing inside and outside the infrastructure of buildings, homes, and other real estate.

[0069] The installation and operation of the plant support structures and plant support systems disclosed herein can naturally cool buildings, thereby reducing the cost of air conditioning and fan-based cooling. These systems can therefore reduce the need for cooling by reducing the building's heat load, thereby lowering the building's operational costs. Natural cooling by a well-ventilated plant support structure further reduces the heat load from radiating and / or reflecting ambient heating.

[0070] The plant support structures and plant support systems disclosed herein can also help mitigate the heat island effect in densely populated urban areas with numerous buildings and concrete foundations. These systems can mitigate the heat island effect by allowing a well-ventilated plant support structure housing a variety of plants to shield a large portion of the building's heat. The vegetation within the plant support structure provides a biological shield, which can further reduce heat gain to the building, building facade, and surrounding built environment. Vegetation not only absorbs but also blocks both solar radiation and thermal energy.

[0071] Furthermore, vegetation growth can absorb CO2 and other harmful gases from the environment. The plant support structures disclosed herein can have a large plant surface area in a substantially vertical direction. Thus, air purification can be achieved in a spatially efficient manner.

[0072] Water flow through the plant support structures disclosed herein is facilitated by the block configuration (e.g., blocks 11, 43a, and 43b). For example, as shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-5 and 7, each of the multiple blocks of a plant support structure (e.g., plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50) has a hexagonal shape (and / or an elongated hexagonal shape, as in FIG. 4). The hexagonal shape is effective in allowing a consistent flow of water through the hexagonal blocks. The channels in the hexagonal blocks (e.g., channels 14, 19, and 44) ​​are oriented vertically, rather than horizontally, or have slanted arms. Eliminating or minimizing horizontal flow paths allows for an efficient and consistent flow of water from the top to the bottom of the plant support structure, while the slanted portions allow for horizontal distribution of water. Gravity, acting as a form of pump for water through the channels, helps ensure water flow. This also supports efficient plant growth by preventing plant roots from becoming overwatered. It will be understood that water migration paths include, but are not limited to, channels: some water may travel through the channels in the block, and other water may drip from the top sloped portion of the block to the bottom sloped portion.

[0073] The plant support structures and plant support systems disclosed herein may be installed, for example, on the north facade of a building (e.g., for buildings in the Southern Hemisphere) or on the south facade (e.g., for buildings in the Northern Hemisphere). However, the plant support structures disclosed herein may be installed on any facade of a building. Installing the plant support structures may improve the performance and efficiency of the building system, for example, with respect to the effectiveness of the air conditioning system and / or the reduction or elimination of incoming glare.

[0074] FIG. 8a shows a portion of a plant support structure having hexagonal blocks. FIG. 8b shows an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 8a. The structure has material 81 removed inside the hexagonal blocks and material 82 removed outside the hexagonal blocks. The removed material results in a smaller cross-sectional shape than other areas, which may be formed during original fabrication (e.g., in molding) or after original fabrication (e.g., by cutting out a preferably reused portion of the block). Removing material may lighten the structure and result in material savings. A central portion 83 of the structure has a relatively large cross-sectional area. As shown, the central portion 83 may include a line of increased thickness with a curved profile within its boundary, without discontinuities. By removing material, the central portion may maintain or substantially maintain the load-bearing capacity of the six-sided structure, given the lighter loads exhibited by the blocks.

[0075] An example configuration of a plant support structure 107 according to the present disclosure relative to a building 101 is shown in Figure 9. The plant support structure 107 can be any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The plant support structure 107 is installed in front of floors 108b-108c. A green wall 112 is installed on floor 108a below the plant support structure 107.

[0076] In FIG. 9 , the plant support structure 107 is spaced apart from the building 101, allowing the building 101 to be better ventilated and preventing moisture and mold on the building's 101 surface. For example, in FIG. 9 , the plant support structure 107 is positioned a distance "d" from a balcony door or glass window 109 on floors 108b-108c of the building 101. Therefore, the overall plant support structure 107 may require less maintenance compared to conventional systems. The space between the plant support structure 107 and the building 101 may be used to accommodate a maintenance platform 110 (e.g., platform 12b described above). FIG. 9 shows a person using the maintenance platform 110 on floor 108c. The platforms 110 may be provided on floors 108b-108c. Each maintenance platform 110 may be spaced apart vertically to allow a person to traverse between them. Additionally, stairs or ladders may be provided between the maintenance platforms to provide emergency evacuation for the plant support structure 107 and / or building 101. The plant support structure 107 may also incorporate a fire sprinkler system (not shown) for applying water to fires in the building 101, and / or the green roof of the plant support structure and / or building 101.

[0077] The channels (e.g., channels 14, 19, and 44 described above) and / or porous material within the channels (e.g., planting features 290a-290d and trellis 290e described below) allow for the integration of plant root balls throughout the plant support structures (e.g., plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50), as shown in Figure 10. The integrated root balls may result in more robust vegetation than green walls formed from a collection of plastic potting containers built into the building walls.

[0078] 11a-11c show photographs of portions of prototype plant support systems constructed in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. These prototypes are shown to house plants and support their growth. As best seen in FIGS. 11a and 11c, porous material 111 (e.g., planting features 290a-290d and / or trellis 290e, described below) is disposed within the channels of the prototype plant support systems.

[0079] Figures 12a-12c and 13a-13c show various different configurations of plant support structures when installed as building facades and the availability of various access points in these configurations for maintaining the plant support structures. Figures 12a and 13a-13c show plant support structures spanning three floors of a building. Figures 12b and 12c show plant support structures spanning the first and second floors of a building, with a green wall 127 installed on the first floor of the building below the plant support structures. The plant support structures shown in these figures can be any of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0080] Figure 12a shows plant support structure 120 without plants, and Figure 12b shows plant support structure 121 with plants. Plant support structures 120 and 121 in Figures 12a and 12b are positioned a distance d1 from balcony doors 126 on their respective floors of the building, allowing them to be accessed for maintenance from inside the building using respective platforms 124a-124b and 125a-125b. With reference to Figure 12c, plant support structure 120 can also be accessed through balcony doors 126 on the first and second floors, or any floor where there is a gap between the system and the building.

[0081] The plant support structure 122 in Figure 12c is positioned a distance d2 from the building, from the balcony doors 126 on each floor of the building. Distance d2 is less than distance d1. The plant support structure 122 is designed with one or more platforms 123a and 123d that a user can use to access the plant support structure 122 for maintenance purposes.

[0082] Figures 13a-c show plant support structures 130, 131, and 132, respectively, each disposed near the building (i.e., at a distance d2). Plant support structure 130 in Figure 13a is accessible for maintenance from inside the building through access areas 136a-136c, which may be, for example, openings, windows, or balconies. Plant support structure 130 does not have any external platform like the one provided in Figures 12c and 13b.

[0083] The plant support structure 131 in Figure 13b is positioned a distance d2 from the building wall 137 and is therefore inaccessible for maintenance from inside the building. However, the plant support structure 131 is provided with external maintenance platforms 138a-138d (e.g. platform 12b described above).

[0084] 13c shows a plant support structure 132 without any external or internal access points for maintenance. The plant support structure 132 may omit the porous material, plants, and irrigation system, instead providing only the special aesthetic appearance of the structure 132 itself. Maintenance facilities may be provided separately, for example, using a mobile aerial platform or a crane.

[0085] Figures 14-18 show various configurations of multi-tier plant support structures installed as freestanding or partially supported pavilions / walls.

[0086] FIG. 14a shows a perspective view of plant support facility 140, and FIG. 14b shows a schematic top view of plant support facility 140 of FIG. 14a. Plant support facility 140 has three structures 141, 142, and 143 (as seen in FIG. 14b). First structure 141 is a free-standing pavilion / wall that is secured in place by being firmly anchored to the ground at point 144. Second structure 142 and third structure 143 are secured to the ground in a similar manner to structure 141, but structures 142 and 143 are also secured to respective walls 146 by connections 145 and 147, respectively. Two or more structures may be connected to each other, for example, by previously described support element 12a (not shown in FIGS. 14a and 14b), which may be positioned above head height to avoid obstructing ground access to the spaces between the structures. For maintenance of the facility 140, there are a plurality of access points 148a to 148c.

[0087] FIG. 15a shows a perspective view of plant support fixture 150, and FIG. 15b shows a schematic top view of plant support fixture 150 of FIG. 15a. Plant support fixture 150 comprises a unitary structure having three interconnected sections 151, 152, and 153 (as is evident in FIG. 15b). Section 151 stands against side wall 155. Sections 151-153 are secured in place by anchoring them to the ground at points 154 and may also be secured by support element 12a. For maintenance of plant support fixture 150, there are two access points 158a, 158b (front and rear access points).

[0088] Figures 16a, 17a, and 18a are perspective views of plant support fixtures 160, 170, and 180, respectively. Each plant support fixture has structures 161-163, 171-174, and 181-183, respectively. Figures 16b, 17b, and 18b show schematic top views of the plant support fixtures of Figures 16a, 17a, and 18a, respectively. Plant support fixtures 160-180 have slightly different configurations.

[0089] It will be understood that other embodiments include variations from the embodiments described hereinabove and illustrated in the accompanying figures.

[0090] For example, primary interconnection elements 10c may form more or fewer structures. While in FIG. 1a, each primary interconnection element 10c has two arms at obtuse angles to form one-third of a hexagon, in other embodiments, primary interconnection elements 10c may have different lengths. In some embodiments, the lengths are selected so that plant support structures can be formed from similar interconnection elements (e.g., interconnection elements 10c, 10d, 41b, and 43b). For example, with reference to hexagonal block 11 in FIG. 1a, a four-arm length allows block 11 to be formed. In one form, a four-arm length element includes two arms above or below (or, equivalently, one arm above and one arm below) in addition to the two arms of interconnection element 10c. In another form, a four-arm length element includes half of each pair of vertically extending arms and three arms around one side of a hexagon. In other embodiments, the interconnection element has two or more distinct shapes that interconnect to form a structure.

[0091] In another example, it is envisioned that a plant support structure according to embodiments disclosed herein may have three or more layers formed from interconnection elements (e.g., interconnection elements 10c, 10d, 41b, and 43b). The layers may be formed during the manufacture of the interconnection elements or may be formed on-site during installation to form the structure. In the three-layer example, two adjacent channels similar to channel 14 may be provided, with one channel formed between the front layer and the middle layer and another channel formed between the middle layer and the back layer.

[0092] 19a-19d show a plant support structure 190 assembled from interconnecting elements 191 having awnings 192. The plant support structure 190 may be constructed from any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The interconnecting elements 191 may be constructed from any of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein, but have at least one awning 192.

[0093] As best seen in Figure 19d, the awning 192 is formed as a curved surface that projects outward from the interconnecting element 191. The awning 192 may be integrally formed with the interconnecting element 191 or may be made separately and later connected to the interconnecting element 191.

[0094] As best seen in FIG. 19a, the mini-awnings 192 of each interconnecting element 191 project horizontally outward from the plant support structure 190. The mini-awnings 192 may be disposed toward the top of each interconnecting element 191 (see mini-awning 192a in FIG. 19b) or toward the bottom of each interconnecting element 191 (see mini-awning 192b in FIG. 19b), depending on how the interconnecting elements 191 are disposed within the plant support structure 190. It is also envisioned that each interconnecting element 191 may have mini-awnings 192 at each end of the interconnecting element 191 (e.g., at the top and bottom of the interconnecting element 191 when disposed within the plant support structure 190). As illustrated in FIG. 19a, sunlight passing through to a building is affected by the structure and the angle of the sunlight. Figure 19a shows an example of winter sunlight versus summer sunlight, where the winter sunlight traverses a larger percentage of the structure than the summer sunlight.

[0095] The small-awning 192, when disposed on top of the interconnecting element 191, may provide shading for a building (e.g., building 193 in FIGS. 19a and 19b). The shading provided by the small-awning 192 may reduce the amount of direct sunlight impinging on and / or entering the building 193 (e.g., through windows). Reducing the amount of direct sunlight impinging on and / or entering the building 193 may reduce the heat load of the building 193 and therefore the overall cooling load of the building 193 required to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the building. The small-awning 192 may also reduce the amount of direct sunlight that plants growing on the plant support structure 190 are exposed to, thereby reducing the heat load the plants are exposed to.

[0096] Additionally, the shade provided by the awning 192 may create a more diverse microclimate within the plant support structure 190. Increasing the diversity of microclimates within the plant support structure 190 may increase the biodiversity of flora and fauna that the plant support structure 190 can support.

[0097] As best seen in Figure 19c, the awnings 192, when disposed at the bottom of the interconnecting element 191, create a protected space 194 for the fauna. Figure 19c is an enlarged view of the interior of the dashed box in Figure 19b. Interconnecting elements 191 with awnings 192 at both ends may provide the advantages discussed above relative to awnings disposed at the top and bottom of the interconnecting element 191.

[0098] The awnings 192 provide a horizontal surface upon which plants growing in the plant support structure 190 may grow. The awnings 192 may limit / prevent plants growing in the plant support structure 190 from drooping downward beyond openings in the blocks (e.g., blocks 11, 43a, 43b described above), thereby reducing obstruction of the block openings. This allows more natural light to enter the building 193, preserves the appearance from the interior of the building 193, and allows more light to reach the plants that would otherwise be blocked by drooping plants, allowing for increased flora biodiversity.

[0099] The awning 192 may also provide a windbreak for the plants growing in the plant support structure 190 and the fauna living within the plant support structure 190. This may enhance plant growth and biodiversity within the plant support structure 190.

[0100] 20 illustrates a curved plant support structure 200. The plant support structure 200 is constructed from interconnecting elements 201 and has a front layer 203a and a back layer 203b. The plant support structure 200 can be constructed with any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The interconnecting elements 201 can include any one or combination of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein.

[0101] The interconnecting elements 201 are disposed at an angle relative to adjacent interconnecting elements 201 to result in a curved plant support structure 200. It is envisioned that the interconnecting elements 201 may be disposed at various angles relative to adjacent interconnecting elements 201 to create plant support structures 200 with various curves. Thus, it will be appreciated that the interconnecting elements 201 may be disposed at an angle relative to adjacent interconnecting elements 201 to create a plant support structure 200 that substantially follows at least a face of a building and / or wraps around a corner of a building. Alternatively, the interconnecting elements 201 may be disposed at an angle relative to adjacent interconnecting elements 201 to create a plant support structure 200 in the form of a freestanding pavilion / wall or fence with one or more curves.

[0102] 20, the front layer 203a and the back layer 203b have an equal amount of interconnecting elements, but the back layer 203b has a smaller radius of curvature than the front layer 203a. This results in gaps 204 between some of the interconnecting elements 201 in the front layer 203a. These gaps 204 can reduce the amount of plants that the plant support structure 200 can support. Therefore, to address this issue, a wedge-shaped element 202 can be disposed in each gap 204. Each wedge-shaped element 202 at least partially fills one of the gaps 204.

[0103] Each wedge-shaped element 202 may be coupled to the same support framework 205, as may each of the interconnecting elements 201 of the plant support structure 200. The support framework 205 may be formed from support elements 12a as described above.

[0104] 21a-21b show a portion of plant support structure 210, which is similar to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50, except that plant support structure 210 is constructed from interconnecting elements 211 having a different configuration than interconnecting elements 10c, 10d, 41a, and 43a. Interconnecting elements 211 are assembled together to form plant support structure 210 in a manner similar to that described above with respect to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50.

[0105] In Figure 21a, interconnecting elements 211 are arranged to form blocks 212a and 212b, with block 212b disposed above block 212a in plant support structure 210. In Figure 21b, interconnecting elements 211 are inverted so that block 212a is disposed above block 212b in plant support structure 210.

[0106] In Figure 21a, block 212a is suitable for an adult to see through, and a small child cannot see through block 212a. In Figure 21b, a small child can see through block 212b, and an adult can see through block 212a. It will thus be appreciated that interconnecting elements 211 may be arranged in a variety of different orientations to form plant support structures 210 having various configurations or to form various configurations within plant support structure 210 (e.g., a plant support structure including both the configuration shown in Figure 21a and the configuration shown in Figure 21b).

[0107] Figure 22a shows a portion of plant support structure 220, which is similar to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50, except that plant support structure 220 is assembled from interconnecting elements 221 (see Figure 22b) having a different configuration than interconnecting elements 10c, 10d, 41b, and 43b. Figure 22b shows a front view (right-hand view) and a back view (left-hand view) of interconnecting elements 221. Interconnecting elements 221 are assembled together to form plant support structure 220 in a manner similar to that described above with respect to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50.

[0108] Figure 23a shows a portion of plant support structure 230, which is similar to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50, except that plant support structure 230 is assembled from interconnecting elements 231 (see Figure 23b) having a different configuration than interconnecting elements 10c, 10d, 41b, and 43b. Figure 23b shows a front view (right-hand view) and a back view (left-hand view) of interconnecting element 221. Interconnecting elements 231 are assembled together to form plant support structure 230 in a manner similar to that described above with respect to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50.

[0109] It is envisioned that plant support structures may be formed using a combination of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein. Thus, plant support structures may be formed using one or more of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein to create various patterns and variations within the plant support structure to mimic nature (e.g., to mimic fallen tree branches and / or logs, or to mimic the complex canopy structure of a shrub or a tree with various gaps, large and small). This may increase the biodiversity of flora and fauna that the plant support structure may support.

[0110] 24a shows a portion of a plant support structure 240 having a water basin 241 in the form of a bird bath. The plant support structure 240 may be constructed of any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The water basin 241 is disposed in a block 242 (e.g., blocks 11, 43a, and 43b) defined by the plant support structure 240. The water basin 241 may be connected to the plant support structure 240 using any suitable method known in the art. Alternatively, the water basin 241 may be integrally formed with an interconnecting element.

[0111] 24b-24c, the water basin 241 has a gentle slope that mimics a natural waterside. The water basin 241 defines various depths suitable for fauna of various sizes (see FIG. 24c). Thus, fauna of various sizes can use the water basin 241. Furthermore, the water basin 241 and the interconnecting elements 244 that form the plant support structure 240 define a protected space 245 for the fauna (see FIG. 24a).

[0112] 22a and 23a, plant support structures 220 and 230 include water basins 241. As can be seen in these figures, water basins 241 are shaped to fit within the apexes of blocks 222 and 232 defined by plant support structures 220 and 230, respectively.

[0113] Figure 25a shows a portion of a plant support structure 250 having nesting boxes 251 disposed between a front layer 252a and a back layer 252b of the plant support structure 250. The plant support structure 250 may be constructed with any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The prototype plant support structure shown in Figure 11b includes nesting boxes 251.

[0114] The hive 251 is supported by a wire cage 251a connected to the plant support structure 250. However, it is envisioned that the hive 251 may be connected to the plant support structure 250 using other suitable means known in the art. It is also envisioned that the hive 251 need not be connected between the front layer 252a and the back layer 252b, but may be connected to only one of the layers 252a or 252b.

[0115] Nest box 251 has a body 253, a top cap 254, a bottom cap 255, and an aperture 256. Body 252 defines an interior volume 257 (see FIG. 25b). Fauna (e.g., birds) can enter interior volume 257 of body 253 through aperture 256 to nest in the interior volume 257.

[0116] The body 253 may be made from a hollow log from logging waste and cut to the desired size. A top cap 254 and a bottom cap 255 are connected to either end of the body 253 to define an interior volume 257.

[0117] A plug 258 with a hole 259 is inserted into a hole 256 in the body 253. The hole 259 in the plug 258 lures the bird in. The bird should then begin to remove small portions of the plug 258 so that it can enter the interior volume 257 of the body 253. The plug may be made of a thermite compound or other suitable material that is safe for and removable by the fauna.

[0118] Although body 253 has been described as being constructed using logging waste, it is envisioned that it may be artificially crafted to resemble wood.

[0119] 26a-26c show a plant support structure 260 having multiple planter boxes 261 (only one is labeled for clarity of illustration). The planter boxes 261 may be connected to the plant support structure 260 and / or a building disposed behind the plant support structure 260 using any suitable method known in the art. The plant support structure 260 may be assembled with any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0120] Different plant types / species require different soil types and moisture amounts, for example, vertical garden systems such as the plant support structures disclosed herein are generally suited to tropical rainforest plants and therefore may be less suitable for other plant types / species.

[0121] Planter boxes 261 may be filled with different media at different depths to accommodate a wide variety of plant types / species, and thus planter boxes 261 may increase the diversity of plant types that can grow in plant support structure 260. Increasing the diversity of flora that plant support structure 260 can support may also increase the biodiversity of fauna that can live within plant support structure 260.

[0122] The planter boxes 261 may also be disposed at various positions within the plant support structure 260 to vary the lighting conditions to which the planter boxes 261 are exposed. Thus, the position of the planter boxes 261 may be selected so that the lighting conditions to which the planter boxes 261 are exposed are suited to the plants growing in the planter boxes 261.

[0123] The planter box 261 may also be sized to allow larger plants (eg, trees and / or shrubs) to grow inside the plant support structure 260.

[0124] The planter boxes 261 may be irrigated by an irrigation system that is different from the irrigation system used to water plants growing in the channels (e.g., channels 14, 19, 44, 73 described above), or the planter boxes may be irrigated by the same irrigation system that is used to water plants growing in the channels of the plant support structure 260.

[0125] The planter box 261 may be constructed from a porous material to allow water to pass through the walls of the planter box 261. Water passing through the walls of the planter box 261 can rain down on plants growing in the planter box 261 below and / or on plants growing in the channels of the plant support structure 260, thereby improving water usage within the plant support structure 260.

[0126] 27a and 28 show a plant support system 270 having a plant support structure 271. The plant support structure 271 may be constructed with any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The plant support system 270 is constructed to mimic the channel system and drooping waterlogging system of heathland brush.

[0127] Heathery brush slows and stores water from rainfall events, which then seeps into the cliff-hanging, flooded system. In Figure 27a, heathery brush-mimicking plants 284 grow on the roof 272 of building 273, and plant support structure 271 mimics the cliff-hanging, flooded system.

[0128] The plant support structures 271 have platforms 274 (e.g., platform 12b described above). Beneath each platform 274 is a reservoir 275 configured to collect water from the plant support structures 271 and provide water to the plant support structures 271.

[0129] 27b, each reservoir 275 has an inlet channel 276 configured to direct excess water from the plant support structure 271 into the reservoir 275. Each reservoir 275 has a fluid outlet 277 configured to direct water from the reservoir 275 to the plant support structure 271. In particular, the fluid outlet 277 of each reservoir 275 may provide water to plants growing in the plant support structure 271 disposed below the reservoir 275. The fluid outlet 277 may be a wicking material, which is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir 275 and the plant support structure 271. The excess water in the plant support structure 271 may be from the irrigation system of the plant support system 270 and / or rainfall.

[0130] Excess water flowing through plant support structure 271 may also be collected in pond 278 disposed at the bottom of plant support structure 271. Excess water in pond 278 may then be redirected to wastewater tank 279. The water in wastewater tank 279 may then be pumped to biofiltration reservoir 281 disposed on roof 272 of building 273. Plants configured to filter the water in biofiltration reservoir 281 are grown in biofiltration reservoir 281. The water in biofiltration reservoir 281 is then used to water plants 284 growing on roof 272 of building 273. Excess water from plants 284 may be directed to top reservoir 275a and later enter plant support structure 271 as described above.

[0131] Plant support system 270 also includes grey water tank 282 configured to collect grey water from building 273. The water in grey water tank 282 is pumped to green wall system 285 and filtered by plants growing in green wall system 285 before entering biofiltration reservoir 281. The water in biofiltration reservoir 281 is used to water plants 284 and plants in plant support structure 271, as described above.

[0132] The plant support system 270 also includes a rainwater tank 283, which is not shown in Figure 27a. Figure 28 shows the plant support system 270 with the grey water tank 282 omitted and the rainwater tank 283 shown. The rainwater tank 283 and grey water tank 282 are insulated from each other.

[0133] Rainwater tank 283 is configured to collect rainwater from building 273 (e.g., through gutters on building 273). Water in rainwater tank 283 is pumped to biofiltration reservoir 281, filtered by plants growing in biofiltration reservoir 281, and then used to water plants growing in planter boxes 261 and plant support structures 271.

[0134] Plant support system 270 also includes photovoltaic (PV) panels 286 that can power one or more electrical components of plant support system 270. For example, PV panels 286 may power a pump (not shown) of plant support system 270 to move water from wastewater tank 279 and rainwater tank 283 to biofiltration reservoir 281. PV panels 286 may be positioned to provide shade to the plants during at least certain hours of the day. The shading may help protect the plants from harmful heating events. PV panels 286 may be positioned to create a real or perceived sheltered space, with a living passageway extending across the roof area beneath PV panels 286.

[0135] 29a-29d show planting structures 290a-290d, respectively. The planting structures 290a-290d may form porous materials disposed within the channels of the plant support structures disclosed herein and / or may be used in addition to other porous materials disposed within the channels of the plant support structures disclosed herein. Each planting structure 290a-290d includes a wire 291 and a porous bag 292 formed from a porous, lightweight substrate. The wire 291 supports the porous bag 292. The porous bag 292 is filled with an appropriate medium depending on the type / species of plant to be grown in the planting structure 290a-290d. A plant may then be planted within the porous, lightweight substrate forming the porous bag 292.

[0136] In Figure 29a, a wire 291 of a planting mechanism 290a is connected between two structural members (not shown). The structural members may be front and back layers of a plant support structure, or may be interconnecting elements of the plant support structure. A porous bag 292 is then disposed and secured onto the wire 291. The porous bag 292 may be secured to the wire 291 using any suitable method known in the art.

[0137] In FIG. 29b, planting mechanism 290b has two wires coupled between two interconnecting elements 293 of a plant support structure according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein. Interconnecting elements 293 may be any of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein. Porous bag 292 is disposed between and supported by wires 291 such that it is disposed between interconnecting elements 293. Wires 291 thus form a cage that supports porous bag 292. In this example, porous bag 292 is supported horizontally by wires 291. However, it will be understood that wires 291 may be coupled between interconnecting elements 293 to form a cage that supports porous bag 292 at any angle.

[0138] Planting mechanism 290c is similar to planting mechanism 290b, except that the wires 291 of planting mechanism 290c are bonded between interconnecting elements (not shown) to form a cage that vertically supports porous bag 292.

[0139] 29d, wires 291 of a planting mechanism 290d are coupled between interconnecting elements 293 of a plant support structure according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein and follow the shape of the interconnecting elements 293. The interconnecting elements 293 may be any of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein. A porous bag 292 is then disposed over the wires 291 between the interconnecting elements 293. The porous bag 292 may then be secured to the wires 291 using any suitable method known in the art. In this example, the wires 291 are coupled to the interconnecting elements 293 such that the porous bag 292 substantially follows the shape of the interconnecting elements 293.

[0140] Figure 29e shows a lattice 290e, which may form the porous material disposed within the channels of the plant support structures disclosed herein and / or may be used in addition to other porous materials disposed within the channels of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0141] The trellis 290e is formed from a rigid structure of complex lattices on which plants can grow. The shape of the trellis 290e is designed to protect plant roots and transfer water. The outer layer of the trellis 290e can be made from a non-combustible material with a complex surface texture to capture and retain organic matter and moisture for plant nutrients. The trellis 290e can be 3D printed, cast, dipped in pumice stones, or formed. The trellis 290e can be held within the channels of the plant support structure using any suitable method known in the art. For example, the trellis 290e can be held within the channels using a mesh fabric, basket, or the like connected to the plant support structure.

[0142] The planting structures 290a-290d and / or trellises 290e may be disposed at various locations within any of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The planting structures 290a-290d and / or trellises 290e may be disposed adjacent to other planting structures 290a-290d and / or trellises 290e so as to follow the exterior surface of the plant support structure (see FIG. 29a). The planting structures 290a-290d and / or trellises 290e may be disposed between interconnecting elements of the plant support structure (see FIG. 29b). The planting structures 290a-290d and / or trellises 290e may be suspended vertically from one or more interconnecting elements for the plant support structure (see FIG. 29c). The planting arrangements 290a-290d and / or the trellis 290e may be disposed on one or more interconnecting elements of the plant support structure (see FIG. 29d).

[0143] 29f shows a planting mechanism 290f that allows climbing plants to grow within any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The planting mechanism 290f has plant support members 294 connected between interconnecting elements 293 of the plant support structures, from which climbing plants may hang. Alternatively, the plant support members may be cantilevered to one interconnecting element 293.

[0144] 30 shows a portion of a plant support structure 300 having interconnecting elements 301 with textured structures 302. The plant support structure 300 may be constructed with any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. The interconnecting elements 301 may be constructed with any of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein.

[0145] The textured structure 302 of the interconnecting elements 301 may assist in soil formation by capturing litter and debris from plants growing on the plant support structure 300, thus enabling plant growth on the textured structure 302 of the interconnecting elements 301.

[0146] The textured structure 302 of the interconnecting elements 301 may also aid in the retention of water in the interconnecting elements 301 , thereby improving the flow and retention of water across the interconnecting elements 301 of the plant support structure 300 .

[0147] FIG. 31 shows a plant support structure 310, which may be formed by any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0148] Plant support structure 310 defines a network of continuous pathways 311 (illustrated generally by dashed arrows in FIG. 31 ), which provides a continuous pathway for fauna between the top and bottom of plant support structure 310. Thus, fauna living within plant support structure 300 can move between the top and bottom of plant support structure 300 through continuous pathways 311 without being completely exposed to the public. This may provide a safe space for fauna within plant support structure 310, and may increase the biodiversity of fauna living in plant support structure 310.

[0149] 32 shows a schematic diagram of a plant support system 320 having a plant support structure 321 and a control system 322. The plant support structure 321 can be assembled with any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0150] The control system 322 includes an array of sensors 323 disposed within the plant support structure 321 , an external data module 324 , a user input module 325 , local sensors 326 , and a processing unit 327 .

[0151] The array of sensors 323 may be configured to acquire data from multiple locations within the plant support structure 321. This data may include the water level in the reservoir 275, the flow rate of water through the plant support structure 321, and the moisture level of the soil at multiple locations within the plant support structure 321.

[0152] External data module 324 is configured to collect weather data related to the location of plant support system 320. User input module 325 allows a user to input data related to plant support system 320 and one or more operating parameters related to plant support system 320. Local sensor 326 is configured to collect local data related to plant support system 320 (e.g., light level, humidity, barometric pressure).

[0153] The processing unit 327 uses data obtained from the array of sensors 323, the external data module 324, the user module 325, and the local sensor 326 to determine one or more actions to perform at each of a plurality of locations within the plant support structure. The processing unit 327 later activates one or more pumps at each of the plurality of locations within the plant support structure to water the plants at those locations. The processing unit 327 may utilize cloud computing, local computing, on-board processing, and combinations thereof to determine the actions to perform at each of the locations within the plant support structure 321. Thus, the processing unit 327 can monitor each location within the plant support structure 321 and control one or more components of the plant support system 320 to keep the plurality of locations within the plant support structure 321 within desired ranges (e.g., temperature, soil moisture level, water flow rate).

[0154] Control system 322 may be capable of identifying a potentially lethal condition and performing one or more preventative actions. For example, control system 322 may perform a water augmentation action to store more water in a reservoir (e.g., reservoir 275 described above) of plant support system 320. Control system 322 collects data from sensor array 323, external data module 324, and local sensor 326 to adjust one or more operations of plant support system 320 to maintain the plants and / or improve building safety associated with plant support system 320.

[0155] If a fire is anticipated, control system 322 may respond to localized incidents. For example, if a heat spike is detected at a particular location on plant support structure 321, control system 322 may direct the irrigation system of plant support system 320 to water that location to mitigate a localized incident, such as a fire, affecting plant support structure 271 and / or the building associated with plant support system 320.

[0156] Thus, control system 322 can anticipate damaging conditions and mitigate them through water management. For example, control system 322 may mitigate heat damage, extreme weather conditions, and / or fire to sustain plant life within plant support structure 321 and / or improve building safety associated with plant support structure 321. In the example of a fire, control system 322 can spray water on plant support structure 321, resulting in a saturated facade that covers and protects the building behind plant support structure 321.

[0157] The array of sensors 323 may also include sensors that monitor the health of plants growing on the plant support structure 321. Such sensors may monitor the rapid growth of harmful microorganisms growing on the plant support structure 321.

[0158] 33a-33b show a planting mechanism 330 that can be used to grow plants on the roof of a building (eg, plants 284 on roof 272 of building 273 in FIGS. 27a and 28).

[0159] Planting mechanism 330, similar to planting mechanisms 290a-290d, includes a wire 331 and a porous bag 332 formed from a porous, lightweight substrate. Wire 331 supports porous bag 332. Porous bag 332 is filled with an appropriate medium depending on the type / species of plant to be grown in planting mechanism 330. A plant may then be planted within the porous, lightweight substrate forming porous bag 332.

[0160] Wire 331 is connected to a roof 333 of a building (not shown) by support brackets 334, and the wire is suspended at a distance above roof 333. Porous bag 332 is then disposed on wire 331, and the porous bag is suspended at a distance above roof 333.

[0161] 34 shows a plant support structure 340 in the form of a freestanding pavilion or wall / fence. The plant support structure 340 may be formed by any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein. One or more of the interconnecting elements 341 forming the plant support structure 340 are coupled to a foundation block 343. The interconnecting elements 341 may be any of the interconnecting elements disclosed herein.

[0162] Each foundation block 343 has one or more water tanks 342 configured to collect and store excess water from the plant support structure 340. The excess water can be from watering the plants growing in the plant support structure 340 and / or from rainwater if the plant support structure is installed outside. The foundation blocks 343 can be formed from concrete or can be tanks filled with water as ballast to facilitate installation.

[0163] Figures 35a-35c illustrate how differently shaped plant support structures can be constructed using the same interconnecting elements. Figures 35a-35c show only a portion of a plant support structure that can be assembled using any one or combination of the plant support structures disclosed herein.

[0164] In Figure 35a, interconnecting elements 351 are arranged adjacent to one another to form a straight plant support structure 350a. In Figure 35b, interconnecting elements 351 are arranged at angles to one another to form a plant support structure 350b having a radius of curvature of R1. In Figure 35c, interconnecting elements 351 are arranged at angles to one another to form a plant support structure 350c having a radius of curvature of R2. It will thus be appreciated that plant support structures having other shapes may be formed from interconnecting elements.

[0165] 36 shows a portion of plant support structure 360, which is similar to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50, except that plant support structure 360 ​​is constructed from interconnecting elements 361 having a different configuration than the other interconnecting elements disclosed herein. Interconnecting elements 361 are assembled together to form plant support structure 360 ​​in a manner similar to that described above with respect to plant support structures 10, 16, 40, and 50.

[0166] Interconnecting elements 361 form irregularly shaped blocks 362, unlike blocks 11, 41b, and 43b of plant support structures 10, 16, and 40. It will therefore be appreciated that the interconnecting elements used to form the plant support structures may have a variety of shapes and may form a variety of blocks within the plant support structures.

[0167] FIG. 37 shows a portion of a plant support structure 370 formed from interconnecting elements 191 having a plurality of channels 371 .

[0168] A porous material 372 is disposed within the channel 371. The porous material 372 may include any one or a combination of the planting features 290a-290d and the trellis 290e. As seen in FIG. 37, the porous material 372 extends from the top to the bottom of the channel 371 of the plant support structure 370. A small awning 192 is connected to the three-dimensional truss 191 of the plant support structure. The small awning 192 may be constructed from sheet metal, perforated sheet metal, cast material, or woven fabric.

[0169] 38 shows a portion of a plant support structure 380 formed from interconnecting elements 381. Each interconnecting element 381 may be in the form of a rectangular frame with openings 382, ​​but may also be other shapes, including irregular shapes such as irregular trapezoids.

[0170] Interconnecting elements 381 are interconnected using brackets 383 to form a vertically extending mechanism having an interlocking hexagonal geometry. The interlocking hexagonal shape includes a plurality of geometric blocks 384. Interconnecting elements 381 can be interconnected to form geometric blocks having other shapes.

[0171] Porous material 385 is disposed on and through some of the interconnecting elements 381 to form multiple continuous lengths of porous material 385 throughout the plant support structure 380. The porous material extends through openings 382 in some of the interconnecting elements (e.g., opening 382a in interconnecting element 381a).

[0172] 39 shows a plant support system 390 that is similar to the plant support system 270 described above, except that the plant support system 390 does not include the biofiltration reservoir 281 of the plant support system 270, and the plants 284 of the plant support system 390 are placed on a sloped roof 392. The roof may be of any suitable structure.

[0173] Features of plant support system 390 that are identical or equivalent to features of plant support system 270 are given the same reference numerals. For features that are identical between plant support system 270 and plant support system 390, it will be understood that the above description of the feature with respect to plant support system 270 is also applicable to the corresponding identical / equivalent feature found in plant support system 390. Accordingly, features that are identical between plant support system 270 and plant support system 390 will not be described again below with respect to plant support system 390, as these features of plant support system 390 have already been described above with respect to plant support system 270.

[0174] Additionally, plant support structure 271 of plant support system 390 is installed closer to building 391 than plant support structure 271 of plant support system 270. Thus, plant support system 390 does not include platform 274 of plant support system 270. Reservoir 275 of plant support system 390 is disposed in the space between the exterior surface of building 391 and the interior surface of plant support structure 271.

[0175] Instead of the biological filtration reservoir 281 of plant support system 270, plant support system 390 has an irrigation outlet 287 at or near the highest point of the sloped roof 392 that is configured to distribute water to plants 284 growing on the sloped roof 392. Water then flows down from the sloped roof 392, watering the plants 284 along the way. Excess water from the plants 284 is directed to the top reservoir 275a and can later enter the plant support structure 271 as described above with respect to plant support system 270.

[0176] Plant support system 390 operates in a similar manner to plant support system 270, except that when plants 284 need to be watered, water in drainage tank 279 and rainwater tank 283 is pumped to irrigation outlet 287.

[0177] It will be appreciated that the PV panels 286 may power pumps (not shown) of the plant support system 390 to pump water from the wastewater tank 279 and the rainwater tank 283 to the irrigation outlet 287. The PV panels 286 may also provide shade to the plants 284 growing on the roof during extreme weather events to nurture the plants 284. The shading provided by the PV panels 286 may also increase the biodiversity of the plants 284 growing on the roof 392.

[0178] 40 shows how a plant 284 of a plant support system 390 may be installed on a sloped roof 392 of a building 391. The plant 284 may be installed on the sloped roof 392 of the building 391 using a planting mechanism 330 and a roof tile solar panel mount 401.

[0179] The roof tile solar panel mounts 401 may be installed on the sloped roof 392 by any suitable method known in the art. Each roof tile solar panel mount 401 includes a pair of rails 402 a and 402 b. The wire 331 of each planting mechanism 330 is coupled between the rails 402 a and 402 b of one of the roof tile solar panel mounts 401 so as to be suspended above the sloped roof 392 substantially parallel to the roof 392. The porous bag 332 of each planting mechanism 330 is then disposed on its respective wire 331 so as to be suspended above the sloped roof 392 substantially parallel to the roof 392. The porous bag 332 may be secured to its respective wire 331 using any suitable method known in the art.

[0180] FIG. 41 shows a plant support system 410 that is similar to plant support system 270, except that the plants 284 of plant support system 410 are placed on an inclined frame 288 disposed on the roof 272 of a building 273.

[0181] Features of plant support system 410 that are identical or equivalent to features of plant support system 270 are given the same reference numerals. For features that are identical between plant support system 270 and plant support system 410, it will be understood that the above description of the features of plant support system 270 is also applicable to the corresponding identical / equivalent features found in plant support system 410. Accordingly, features that are identical between plant support system 270 and plant support system 410 will not be described again below with respect to plant support system 410, as these features of plant support system 410 have already been described above with respect to plant support system 270.

[0182] Plant support system 410 operates in a similar manner to plant support system 270, except that water pumped from the biofiltration reservoir 281 is distributed through irrigation outlets 289 disposed at the top of each sloping frame 288. The distributed water flows down each sloping frame 288, watering the plants 284 along the way. Excess water from each sloping frame 288 is directed to a water collector 79 at the bottom of the porous material. The water is then pumped back to the irrigation outlets 289, forming a closed-loop irrigation system. Any additional excess water from overflow or water lost through dripping is directed through the roof surface to the top reservoir 275a, where it may later enter the plant support structure 271, as described above with respect to plant support system 270. Water for irrigating the plant support structure 271 is also pumped from the biofiltration reservoir 281 to the top reservoir 275a.

[0183] To mount the PV panels, inclined frames 288 may be used, and plants 284 may be installed on the inclined frames 288 using planting mechanisms 330, with wires 331 of each planting mechanism 330 being connected to one inclined frame 288 or between two inclined frames 288.

[0184] FIG. 42 shows a plant support system 420 that is similar to plant support system 410 except that plant support system 420 has plants 284 disposed beneath each of the tilted frames 288.

[0185] Plant support system 410 operates in a similar manner to plant support system 410, except that water from biofiltration reservoir 281 can also be pumped from biofiltration reservoir 281 to water plants 284a. Excess water from plants 284a is directed to top reservoir 275a, after which the water can enter plant support structure 271 as described above with respect to plant support system 270.

[0186] Plants 284 above sloping frame 288 provide shade for plants 284a disposed below sloping frame 288. The shade provided below sloping frame 288 may create suitable conditions for shade plants, understory plants, and / or rainforest plants. Thus, plants 284a may be shade plants, understory plants, and / or rainforest plants. Plants 284 may include sun-loving, drought-tolerant plants, provided they are exposed to direct sunlight.

[0187] The plants 284 above the sloping frame 288 may mimic a grass canopy for the plants 284 disposed below the sloping frame 288. Thus, this arrangement of plants 284 above the sloping frame 288 and plants 284a disposed below the sloping frame 288 may enhance the biodiversity of flora that the plant support system 420 may support.

[0188] The interconnection elements and water basins disclosed herein can be formed from lightweight cast concrete, carbon capture concrete, carbon capture cementitious materials, or other impermeable or substantially impermeable materials. In some embodiments, the interconnection elements and water basins disclosed herein are made from carbon fiber reinforced concrete.

[0189] Carbon fiber reinforced concrete is concrete containing fibrous materials. The individual short fibers contained in carbon fiber reinforced concrete are typically uniformly distributed and randomly oriented within the concrete. Carbon fiber reinforced concrete elements can transmit tension at strains greater than those that would cause cracks in typical unreinforced concrete elements. Forming interconnected elements and water basins from carbon capture concrete and carbon capture cementitious materials can reduce the carbon dioxide footprint of the interconnected elements and water basins.

[0190] Additionally, the interconnection elements and water basins disclosed herein may be 3D printed. 3D printing the interconnection elements may enable the formation of interconnection elements having complex shapes and / or surface geometries.

[0191] While in the illustrated embodiment, each block has a hexagonal shape, in another example, alternative embodiments may have blocks of other shapes. Other example block shapes include triangular, pentagonal, diamond-shaped, octagonal, circular, oval, etc. blocks. In each case, the blocks are configured to form channels for conveying water to plants housed in the structure. In each case, material may be removed outside the increased cross-sectional area of ​​the continuous load-bearing line in a manner similar to that described herein with respect to the hexagonal blocks.

[0192] As used herein, the terms "comprises" and "comprises" (and variations of these terms such as "including," "includes," "comprising," "comprises," "comprised," etc.) are intended to be inclusive and not to exclude additional features, components, integers or steps.

[0193] It will be understood, or will become apparent from the text or drawings, that the embodiments disclosed and defined herein extend to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned, all of which constitute aspects of various alternative forms of the embodiments.

[0194] It will be understood, or will become apparent from the text or drawings, that the invention disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned, all of which constitute various alternative aspects of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0195] 01 Primary Interconnection Elements 02 Aluminum pipe 03 Porous material 04 Interconnection Elements 05 Plants 06 Supporting elements 06a Rear face of support element 06b Front of supporting element 07 Fasteners 08 Maintenance Platform 10 Plant support structure 10a front layer 10b Back layer 10c Primary Interconnection Elements 10d Secondary Interconnection Elements 11 Geometric Blocks 12a Support element 12b Platform 13 Connectors 14 channels 15 Back wall 16 Plant support structures 16a layer 16b layer 18 Connectors 19 channels 20 plants 21 Plants 40 Plant support structure 41a Primary Interconnection Element 41b Primary Interconnection Element 42a Front layer 42b Back layer 43a Hexagonal Block 43b Long, thin hexagonal block 44 channels 50 Plant support structures 51 Window 60 Buildings 61 Plant support structures 64 Front 70 Plant Support System 71 Plant support structure 72 blocks 73 channels Channel 73a Channel 73b Channel 73c 73d Channel 73e channel 74 Aquarium 75 Water Storage Tank 76 Water Treatment Pond 77 Reservoir 78 Drip Irrigation System 79 Water collector 81 Material 82 Material 83 Central part 101 Buildings 107 Plant support structures Floor 108a 108b Floor 108c Floor 109 Glass Window 110 Maintenance Platform 111 Porous materials 112 Green Wall 120 Plant Support Structure 121 Plant support structures 122 Plant Support Structure 123a Platform 123d Platform 124a Platform 124b Platform 125a Platform 125b Platform 126 Balcony Door 127 Green Wall 130 Plant support structures 131 Plant support structures 132 Plant support structures 136a Access Area 136b Access Area 136c Access Area 137 Building Wall 138a Maintenance Platform 138b Maintenance Platform 138c Maintenance Platform 138d Maintenance Platform 140 Plant support equipment 141 Structure 142 Structure 143 Structure 144 points 145 Joint 146 Wall 147 Wall 148a Access Point 148b access point 148c Access Point 150 Plant support equipment 151 Part of a single structure 152 Part of a single structure 153 Part of a single structure 154 points 155 Side wall 158a Access Point 158b Access Point 160 Plant support equipment 161 Structure 162 Structure 163 Structure 170 Plant support equipment 171 Structure 172 Structure 173 Structure 174 Structure 180 Plant support equipment 181 Structure 182 Structure 183 Structure 190 Plant support structures 191 Interconnecting Elements 192 Small tent 192a Small tent 192b Small tent 193 Buildings 194 Defensive space 200 Plant Support Structure 201 Interconnection Elements 202 Cuneiform Elements 203a Front layer 203b Back layer 204 Gap 205 Supporting Framework 210 Plant Support Structure 211 Interconnecting Elements Block 212a Block 212b 220 Plant Support Structure 221 Interconnecting Elements Block 222 230 Plant Support Structure 231 Interconnecting Elements 232 blocks 240 Plant Support Structure 241 Water Basin 244 Interconnecting Elements 245 Defensive space 250 Plant Support Structure 251 Birdhouse 251a Wire cage 252a Front layer 252b Back layer 253 Main Unit 254 Top Cap 255 Bottom Cap 256 holes 257 Internal Volume 258 Plug 259 holes 260 Plant Support Structure 261 Planter Box 270 Plant Support System 271 Plant support structure 272 Roof 273 Buildings 274 Platform 274a Platform 274b Platform 274c Platform 275 Reservoir 275a Reservoir 275b Reservoir 275c reservoir 276 Entrance Channel 277 Fluid outlet 278 Pond 279 Drainage Tank 281 Biological filtration reservoir 282 grey water tank 283 Rainwater Tank 284 Plants 284a Plant 285 Green Wall System 286 solar panels 287 Irrigation outlet 288 Inclined Frame 289 Irrigation outlet 290a Planting mechanism 290b Planting mechanism 290c planting mechanism 290d planting mechanism 290e lattice 290f planting mechanism 291 Wire 292 Porous Bag 293 Interconnecting Elements 294 Plant support members 300 Plant Support Structure 301 Interconnection Elements 302 Texture Structure 310 Plant Support Structure 311 Continuous passage 320 Plant Support System 321 Plant Support Structure 322 Control System 323 Sensor Array 324 External Data Module 325 User Input Module 326 Local Sensor 327 Processing Unit 330 Planting mechanism 331 Wire 332 Porous Bag 333 Roof 334 Support Bracket 340 Plant Support Structure 341 Interconnecting Elements 342 Water Tank 343 Foundation Blocks 350a plant support structure 350b Plant Support Structure 350c plant support structure 351 Interconnecting Elements 360 Plant Support Structure 361 Interconnecting Elements 362 blocks 370 Plant Support Structure 371 channels 372 Porous materials 380 Plant Support Structure 381 Interconnecting Elements 381a Interconnection Elements 382 Aperture 382a aperture 383 Bracket 384 Geometric Blocks 385 Porous material 390 Plant Support System 391 Building 392 Sloped Roof 401 Solar Panel Mount 402a Rail 402b Rail 410 Plant Support System 420 Plant Support System

Claims

1. 1. A plant support structure for housing plants, comprising: a framework including a plurality of primary elements interconnected to one another in a vertically extending arrangement, the interconnected primary elements forming a plurality of geometric blocks and vertically extending channels; the channel is configured to receive a porous material therein for transporting water from an uppermost end of the plant support structure down the channel for irrigating plants within the channel; each geometric block of the plurality of geometric blocks includes a central void, and one or more of the vertically extending channels traverse around the central void around the periphery of the geometric block; Each channel is formed by structurally interconnected front and back layers of said primary element; open on two sides, descending continuously from the uppermost end to the lowermost end of the plant support structure; forming a non-linear path along the entire length of the channel; both of said two sides are open to one or more of said central voids; A plant support structure, wherein one or more of the central voids define an opening extending horizontally through the framework.

2. The plant support structure of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the primary elements has a awning for providing shade to plants within the channel and / or a building associated with the plant support structure.

3. 3. The plant support structure of claim 1 or 2, wherein the interconnected primary elements in the framework form an interlocking hexagonal geometric structure.

4. 4. The plant support structure of claim 1, wherein the front layer and the back layer are horizontally spaced apart from each other, and the channel is formed between the front layer and the back layer.

5. 5. A plant support structure according to claim 1, wherein the channels do not include any portion that extends substantially horizontally.

6. 6. The plant support structure of claim 1, further comprising a porous material disposed in at least one of the vertically extending channels, the porous material configured to accommodate and integrate roots of the plant.

7. 7. The plant support structure of claim 6, wherein the porous material is continuous from the top to the bottom of the plant support structure.

8. The plant support structure of claim 7 , wherein the porous material is a continuous body.

9. The plant support structure of claim 7 , wherein the porous material comprises a plurality of pieces.

10. 10. The plant support structure of claim 6, wherein the porous material is a wicking material, a porous bag, or a lattice containing a medium configured to support plant growth.

11. 1. A system for housing and maintaining plants, comprising: A plant support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10; a porous material held within the channel for conveying water from an uppermost end of the plant support structure down the channel for irrigating plants within the channel; and an irrigation system for supplying water to the top of the channel of the plant support structure; A system including:

12. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a water treatment pond located near the lowermost end of the plant support structure, the water treatment pond configured to receive and purify water that overflows through the channel of the plant support structure due to irrigation.

13. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a water storage tank for storing water overflowing through the channels of the plant support structure due to irrigation or purified water received from the water treatment pond.

14. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a water tank at a height near or above the plant support structure, the water tank receiving water from the water storage tank to supply water to the irrigation system.

15. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a power source and a pump for pumping water from the water reservoir to the aquarium.

16. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the pump is powered by solar energy to pump water into the aquarium.

17. 1. A plant support structure for housing plants, comprising: a framework including at least two structurally interconnected layers of a plurality of geometric blocks, the at least two structurally interconnected layers being horizontally spaced apart to form spaces between the geometric blocks; a porous material fixed in the spaces between the geometric blocks, whereby the geometric blocks and the porous material form the vertically extending channels to convey water down the framework for irrigating plants within the channels; each geometric block of the plurality of geometric blocks includes a central void, and one or more of the vertically extending channels traverse around the central void around the periphery of the geometric block; Each channel is formed between the at least two structurally interconnected layers; open on two sides, continuously descending from the top to the bottom of the plant support structure; forming a non-linear path along the entire length of the channel; both of said two sides are open to one or more of said central voids; A plant support structure, wherein one or more of the central voids define an opening extending horizontally through the at least two structurally interconnected layers of the plurality of geometric blocks.

18. 18. The plant support structure of claim 17, wherein the framework is formed from fiber-reinforced concrete.

19. 19. The plant support structure of claim 17 or 18, wherein the porous material is a wicking material.

20. 20. The plant support structure of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the geometric blocks are hexagons oriented with one vertex as the top of each of the geometric blocks.

21. 21. The plant support structure of claim 20, wherein the geometric blocks include one or more elongated hexagonal blocks and one or more non-elongated hexagonal blocks, the one or more elongated hexagonal blocks increasing separation between portions of the plant support structure at the location of the one or more elongated hexagonal blocks relative to the one or more non-elongated hexagonal blocks.

22. 22. The plant support structure of any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the at least two structurally interconnected layers are attached to the structure so as to be spaced apart from the structure.

23. 23. The plant support structure of claim 22, further comprising one or more platforms between an innermost one of the at least two structurally interconnected layers and a building, the platforms configured to accommodate personnel on the platforms.

24. 24. A plant support structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 or claims 17 to 23, wherein each said geometric block has a continuous line of thickened material extending down either side of the periphery of said geometric block to material on one or both sides of the line of thickened material.

Images