Method for scraping out crumbled coke, method for manufacturing scraping jig, and scraping jig

Abstract

To provide a raking jig capable of solving a problem of suppressing oven wall load generated when raking collapsed coke from an aspect of shape.SOLUTION: A raking method of collapsed coke for scraping out the collapsed coke accumulated in a coke oven after clogging with coke using an extrusion ram equipped with a scoop-shaped raking jig comprises the steps of: preliminarily acquiring relational information that is a relation between an inclination angle of a sidewall front surface of the raking jig with respect to a bottom wall and an oven wall load acting on a coke oven wall during raking; setting the inclination angle that does not exceed a predetermined oven wall load as a design angle of the sidewall front surface based on the relational information; and raking out the collapsed coke using the raking jig that satisfies the design angle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a scraping method for scraping out jammed coke using a scraping jig attached to an extrusion ram. [Background technology]

[0002] In a chamber-hearth coke oven, the coal charged into the coke chamber is carbonized to produce gas and tar, with the residue becoming coke. When carbonization is complete, the lids on both sides of the coke chamber are opened, and the extrusion ram of the extruder is advanced from one opening toward the coke chamber, discharging the coke from the other opening. The discharged coke is cooled in a coke dry quenching facility or similar equipment and then used as coke for blast furnaces.

[0003] The coke in the coke chamber is an aggregate of coke lumps called a "coke cake." The coke cake has many cracks, and the coke cake is divided into multiple coke lumps by a main crack extending from the furnace wall toward the center of the coke. Therefore, the coke lumps in the coke cake are stored in the coke chamber in a relatively orderly state.

[0004] On the other hand, when the coke cake is pushed out of the furnace, protrusions due to carbon formed on the wall of the coke chamber can hinder the extrusion, causing the extruder to stop midway through pushing the coke cake, a phenomenon known as "jamming." When "jamming" occurs, the extrusion ram must be pulled back temporarily, but when the extrusion ram is pulled back, the compressed and weakened coke can crumble (hereinafter also referred to as "crumbed coke"). In actual operation, this crumbled coke is scraped out of the coke chamber using a scoop-shaped scraping jig attached to the tip of the extrusion ram.

[0005] The inventors have demonstrated through experiments (hereinafter also referred to as "experiments described in the background art") that when a scraping jig is inserted into a packed layer of crushed coke, the oven wall load is larger than when a coke cake is pushed out (the experimental method will be described later). The reason for the difference in oven wall load between pushing out the coke cake and scraping out the crushed coke is thought to be that the coke lumps that make up the crushed coke are deposited randomly, and when a force is applied in the oven longitudinal direction, they are more likely to change position than the coke cake, and the load in the oven wall direction is more likely to increase.

[0006] In the past, there was no quantitative guidance for the movement of the ram equipped with the scraping jig, so the operation was often performed based on the operator's experience to prevent excessive load from being applied to the furnace wall, which could lead to holes, and there was a need to improve the efficiency of the scraping operation.

[0007] Patent Document 1 discloses a scoop-shaped jig for a coke oven that can be stably inserted into the coke and has a shape that increases the amount of coke scraped out. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5994602 [Non-patent literature]

[0009] [Non-Patent Document 1] Nippon Steel Technical Report No. 413, P171 [Non-patent document 2] The 164th Iron and Steel Institute of Japan Autumn Lecture CD-ROM Lecture No.38 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] Patent Document 1 does not at all consider the problem of suppressing the load on the furnace wall that occurs when scraping out the broken coke. The present invention aims to solve this problem by considering the shape of the scraping jig. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for scraping out broken coke, which comprises: (1) a method for scraping out broken coke accumulated in a coke oven after it has become jammed, using an extrusion ram equipped with a scoop-shaped scraping jig, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring in advance relationship information relating to the inclination angle of the front surface of the side wall of the scraping jig relative to the bottom wall and the oven wall load acting on the oven wall of the coke oven during scraping; setting a design angle of the front surface of the side wall that does not exceed a predetermined oven wall load based on the relationship information; and scraping out the broken coke using a scraping jig that satisfies the design angle.

[0012] (2) When the design angle is equal to or less than the angle of repose of the collapsed coke, the side wall front surface is shaped to have a first side wall front surface that satisfies the design angle and a second side wall front surface that is connected to the rear end side of the first side wall front surface in the coke extrusion direction and has an inclination angle larger than the design angle, and the collapsed coke is scraped out using a scraping jig equipped with the side wall front surface.

[0013] (3) The method for scraping out broken coke according to (1) or (2) above, characterized in that the predetermined oven wall load is less than the oven wall limit load of the coke oven.

[0014] (4) A manufacturing method for a scoop-shaped scraping jig that is attached to an extrusion ram and used to scrape out broken coke that has accumulated in a coke oven after it has become jammed, the manufacturing method for a scraping jig comprising the steps of: acquiring in advance relationship information that is the relationship between the inclination angle of the front surface of the side wall of the scraping jig relative to the bottom wall and the oven wall load acting on the oven wall of the coke oven during scraping; and setting an inclination angle that does not exceed a predetermined oven wall load as the design angle of the front surface of the side wall based on the relationship information.

[0015] (5) A scoop-shaped scraping jig that is attached to an extrusion ram and used to scrape out broken coke that has accumulated in a coke oven after it has jammed, wherein the inclination angle of the front surface of the side wall of the scraping jig relative to the bottom wall is set to a design angle that does not exceed a predetermined oven wall load, and the design angle is set based on relationship information that is the relationship between the inclination angle of the front surface of the side wall of the scraping jig relative to the bottom wall and the oven wall load acting on the oven wall of the coke oven during scraping. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, the scraping work of the broken coke can be carried out using a scraping jig whose structure is designed from the viewpoint of suppressing the load on the furnace wall. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a test device. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a test device. [Figure 3] FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a front view of the side plate portion as viewed from the W-axis direction. [Figure 5] 1 is a graph (relationship information) showing the relationship between furnace wall load and inclination angle α. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method for designing a side plate portion taking into consideration the angle of repose of collapsed coke. [Figure 7]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for measuring the coefficient of friction between a coke lump and a brick. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The inventors conducted a test simulating scraping conditions in order to consider a suitable shape of the scraping jig. This simulation test will now be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a test apparatus (cold compression test apparatus). The L axis, H axis, and W axis are three axes that are perpendicular to each other, with the L axis corresponding to the forward movement direction of the extrusion ram, the W axis corresponding to the opposing direction of the pair of side panels, and the H axis corresponding to the height direction of the test apparatus. The definitions of the L axis, H axis, and W axis are the same in other drawings.

[0019] Referring to the figure, the testing device 100 has a pair of supports 2 and 3, a hydraulic cylinder 4, and an air cylinder 5, and these elements are installed on a base 1. The supports 2 and 3 are fixed so that their installation positions can be adjusted relative to the base 1. Side panels 6 and 7 are installed between the supports 2 and 3.

[0020] Front and rear panels 8 and 9, which serve as movable walls, are arranged between the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the air cylinder 5. An extrusion ram 11, which is a ram head for transmitting extrusion force to the coke, is attached to the tip of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4.

[0021] The air cylinder 5 is a reaction force applying means that applies a reaction force against the pushing force, and a receiving block 12 is attached to the tip of its piston rod to transmit the reaction force and receive the pushing force. The side panels 6, 7, the extrusion ram 11, and the receiving block 12 form a storage section 10 for storing coke.

[0022] Load cells 21 are provided between the front and rear panels 8 and the push-out ram 11, and between the front and rear panels 9 and the receiving block 12, respectively. This makes it possible to detect the pressing force of the hydraulic cylinder 4. Load cells 21 are also provided between the support body 2 and the side panel 6, and between the support body 3 and the side panel 7. This makes it possible to detect the force received by the side panels 6, 7, i.e., the furnace wall load.

[0023] The "Experiments described in the background art" consist of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, after filling the storage section 10 with a coke cake, the pusher ram 11 was advanced to push out the coke cake, and the relationship between the ram load and the oven wall load was investigated. In Experiment 2, multiple coke blocks (simulated collapsed coke) of the same size as the collapsed coke simulating collapsed coke were placed in the storage section 10, and then a conventional scraping jig was attached to the pusher ram 11 and inserted into the simulated collapsed coke, thereby investigating the relationship between the ram load and the oven wall load. From the results of these experiments, it was confirmed that the oven wall load when scraping out the simulated collapsed coke was larger than the oven wall load when pushing out the coke cake.

[0024] Typically, this test device is used to measure the extent of oven wall load acting when a pushing force is applied to the coke cake, causing the coke cake to expand in the oven width direction. In this embodiment, the test device was used to clarify the relationship between the shape of the scraping jig and the oven wall load during scraping of broken coke. The test results showed that the oven wall load decreases as the inclination angle of the side wall relative to the bottom wall of the scraping jig (hereinafter also referred to as the inclination angle α) decreases. The present inventors then investigated the relationship between the inclination angle α and the oven wall load (hereinafter also referred to as the relationship information) in advance, determined the inclination angle α (hereinafter also referred to as the design angle α) that does not exceed the oven wall limit load, and scraped the broken coke using a scraping jig designed for this design angle α. This discovery led to the creation of the present invention, which enables efficient scraping work that does not depend on the experience of the operator.

[0025] A method for deriving the above-mentioned relationship information will be described as an example. (Example) A test was conducted multiple times, with the shape of the scraping jig being changed, in which the pusher ram 11, to which the scraping jig was attached, was inserted into the storage section 10 toward simulated broken coke to measure the oven wall load. The oven wall load was defined as the average value of the oven wall loads detected during the scraping process (in other words, the average value of the oven wall loads until the pusher ram 11 reached its maximum stroke). In this example, the pusher ram 11 was extended until it reached its maximum stroke amount for all levels (in other words, the movement amount of the pusher ram 11 was uniform).

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic side view of a test apparatus (cold compression test apparatus) 200 equipped with a scraping jig. Components with the same functions as those in Figure 1 are given the same reference numerals. The scraping jig 13 is attached to the extrusion surface of the extrusion ram 11 using fastening members (not shown). The scraping jig 13 is attached so that the bottom surfaces of the scraping jig 13 and the extrusion ram 11 are approximately flush with each other. Reference numeral 14 denotes coke lumps randomly filled in the storage section 10, simulating collapsed coke.

[0027] The simulated collapsed lump coke 14 was deposited in the storage section 10 by the following method. A wooden board with a thickness of 140 mm was erected at the tip of the scraping jig 13 in the pushing direction, and the space between this wooden board and the receiving block 12 was filled with coke blocks to a height of 300 mm. The wooden board was then pulled out, and the coke blocks were allowed to collapse toward the scraping jig 13, so that the base of the simulated collapsed lump coke 14 came to the tip of the scraping jig 13. In this test, coke blocks with particle sizes adjusted to 50 mm to 75 mm were used.

[0028] 3 is a perspective view of the scraping jig 13. The scraping jig 13 is attached to the extrusion surface of the extrusion ram 11 using a fastening member or the like (not shown).

[0029] The scraping jig 13 was formed in a scoop shape consisting of a bottom plate portion 131, a pair of side plate portions 132, and a base portion 133. The base portion 133 was further composed of a vertical base portion 133a and a top plate base portion 133b. The bottom plate portion 131 and the vertical base portion 133a were formed in a rectangular shape. The pair of side plate portions 132 were formed in the same shape.

[0030] For convenience of explanation, the bottom surface of the side plate portion 132 in contact with the bottom plate portion 131 is defined as the side plate bottom surface portion 132L, the back surface of the side plate portion 132 in contact with the vertical base portion 133a is defined as the side plate back surface portion 132H, and the surface of the side plate portion 132 visible from the side of the simulated collapsed coke lump 14 is defined as the side plate front surface portion 132F. Furthermore, if the side plate front surface portion 132F has a stepped shape, the portion located on the front side in the extrusion direction of the extrusion ram 11 is defined as the first side plate front surface portion 132F1, and the portion located on the rear side in the extrusion direction of the extrusion ram 11 is defined as the second side plate front surface portion 132F2. The inclination angle of the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 with respect to the side plate bottom surface portion 132L corresponds to the above-mentioned design angle α.

[0031] The length L of the side plate bottom surface portion 132L was 300 mm, and the height H of the side plate back surface portion 132H was also 300 mm. The length F1 of the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 was 200 mm. The scraping jig 13 shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3 has an inclination angle α of 90 degrees, in other words, the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 extends perpendicularly to the side plate bottom surface portion 132L, and this shape is defined as the base shape. FIG. 4 is a front view of the side plate portion 132 as viewed from the W-axis direction, and level I (indicated by "I" in the drawing) corresponds to the above-mentioned base shape.

[0032] 4, the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 is formed while changing the inclination angle α so as not to exceed the height F1 (i.e., a height of 200 mm) of the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 of level I, and then the upper ends of the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 and the side panel rear surface portion 132H are connected by the second side panel front surface portion 132F2 to form the side panel front surface portion 132F of each level. In cases where the height of the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 does not reach the height F1 (200 mm) of the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 of level I within the range of length L, as in level VII, the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 and the second side panel front surface portion 132F2 are connected before reaching the side panel rear surface portion 132H, and are shaped to be connected to the upper end of the side panel rear surface portion 132H. In Level IV, the inclination angles of the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 and the second side panel front surface portion 132F2 are equal, and the side panel front surface portion 132F has a shape with no steps. Tests were conducted for Level I (inclination angle α: 90 degrees), Level III (inclination angle α: 62 degrees), Level IV (inclination angle α: 45 degrees), and Level VII (inclination angle: 26.5 degrees). However, additional tests may be conducted for Level II (inclination angle α: 76.5 degrees), Level V (inclination angle α: 36 degrees), and Level VI (inclination angle α: 30 degrees). It is desirable to conduct the test at least once with an inclination angle α in the range of more than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees, and at least once with an inclination angle α in the range of more than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees. This is because if the number of tests is too small, the reliability of the relationship information shown in FIG. 5 will decrease.

[0033] Figure 5 shows the test results, with the horizontal axis representing the inclination angle α and the vertical axis representing the oven wall load. As is clear from the test results, compared to Level I (inclination angle α: 90 degrees), a smaller inclination angle α resulted in a lower oven wall load. This is thought to be because, when the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 is formed perpendicular to the side plate bottom surface portion 132L, when the scraping jig 13 is inserted into the simulated collapsed coke lump 14, the tip of the scraping jig 13 collides with the simulated collapsed coke lump 14 and is pushed in strongly, which is likely to cause the simulated collapsed coke lump 14 to change its position and generate a load toward the oven wall. On the other hand, by reducing the inclination angle α of the first side plate front surface portion 132F1, the proportion of the simulated collapsed coke lump 14 pushed in the oven length direction (L-axis direction) is reduced, resulting in a lower oven wall load.

[0034] 5, the inclination angle α corresponding to the oven wall limit load (the oven wall limit load will be described later) is obtained, and a design angle α that does not exceed this inclination angle α is specified, and the scraping process of the broken coke can be performed using the scraping jig 13 equipped with the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 that satisfies this design angle α. This allows appropriate scraping process that does not lead to breakage of the oven wall to be performed without relying on guidance or the experience of the operator, thereby making the scraping work more efficient.

[0035] As long as the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 is designed so as not to exceed the inclination angle α corresponding to the furnace wall critical load, the side plate portion 132 may have an upwardly convex shape in which the inclination angle α of the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 is greater than the inclination angle of the second side plate front surface portion 132F2, as in level III, or a downwardly convex shape in which the inclination angle α of the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 is smaller than the inclination angle of the second side plate front surface portion 132F2, as in level VII. In other words, even if the side plate portion 132 has an upwardly convex shape in which the furnace wall load is relatively large, it is sufficient as long as the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 is designed so as not to exceed the inclination angle α corresponding to the furnace wall critical load.

[0036] When the stroke amount of the push-out ram 11 increases, the furnace wall load increases, and when the stroke amount of the push-out ram 11 decreases, the furnace wall load decreases. Therefore, when the stroke amount changes, it is necessary to newly acquire the relationship information in Figure 5.

[0037] FIG. 6 corresponds to FIG. 4 and is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method for the side plate portion 132 taking into consideration the angle of repose of the crushed coke. Referring to FIG. 6, the hatched area of ​​the side plate portion 132 below the plane corresponding to the angle of repose of the crushed coke, indicated by the dashed line, functions as a storage area for the crushed coke, while the area above does not function as a storage area for the crushed coke. The angle of repose of the crushed coke is generally about 40 degrees. If the length L (depth) and height H of the side plate portion 132 are the same, the crushed coke will accumulate below the side wall front portion 132F at level IV (inclination angle α: 45 degrees). Therefore, if the inclination angle α is greater than level IV (inclination angle α: 45 degrees), a wasted space that does not function as a storage area for the crushed coke will be generated.

[0038] To reduce wasted space, it is preferable to design the inclination angle α of the first side plate front surface portion 132F1 to be equal to or less than the angle of repose of the crushed coke, and to design the inclination angle of the second side plate front surface portion 132F2 to be greater than 45 degrees, as in levels V, VI, and VII in Fig. 4. For example, in level VI, a surface corresponding to the angle of repose is formed on the upper side of the first side plate front surface portion 132F1, but by forming the second side plate front surface portion 132F2 to ensure a height H that exceeds the height H' corresponding to the angle of repose of the crushed coke (in other words, the height of the crushed coke in contact with the base portion 133), the crushed coke accumulated near the base portion 133 can be pressed down by the side plate portion 132, and the crushed coke can be deposited while maintaining its angle of repose.

[0039] In other words, even if the design angle α of the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 determined taking into consideration the above-mentioned Figure 5 is less than the angle of repose of the collapsed coke, by making the inclination angle of the second side panel front surface portion 132F2 greater than the inclination angle α of the first side panel front surface portion 132F1 so as to ensure a height H that exceeds the height H', it is possible to prevent overload on the oven wall while maintaining the scraping amount of collapsed coke at the same level as level I (inclination angle α: 90 degrees).

[0040] 5, and the inclination angle α corresponding to the oven wall critical load becomes smaller than the angle of repose of the collapsed coke. However, by forming the side plate portion 132 in a downwardly convex two-step shape like level VI, it is possible to ensure the scraping amount of the collapsed coke while preventing excessive load on the oven wall. If it is desired to avoid a downwardly convex shape, the stroke amount may be reduced so that the inclination angle α corresponding to the oven wall critical load becomes larger.

[0041] The above-mentioned "oven wall limit load" can be set to an appropriate value that will prevent the oven wall from collapsing or breaking. The oven wall limit load can also be rephrased as oven wall resistance. The oven wall resistance of a coke oven decreases as the oven ages and differs from oven to oven. As shown in Non-Patent Document 1, the extrusion force F of the extrusion ram can be calculated using the following formula (1): F=2Fw×μw+Fs×μs...Equation (1) Fw is the load acting on the furnace wall, μw is the furnace wall friction coefficient, Fs is the load acting on the furnace bottom (i.e., coke mass), and μs is the furnace bottom friction coefficient. Once the pushing force F, the furnace wall friction coefficient μw, and the furnace bottom friction coefficient μs are determined, the load Fw acting on the furnace wall can be calculated based on equation (1). As shown in Non-Patent Document 2 and Figure 7, the oven wall friction coefficient μw can be calculated by pressing a lump of coke against a brick sample made of the same material as the oven wall bricks with a predetermined load Fp, sliding the brick sample, measuring the force Fs required to slide the brick sample, and dividing Fs by Fp (i.e., Fs / Fp). Similarly, the hearth bottom friction coefficient μs can be calculated by pressing a lump of coke against a brick sample made of the same material as the hearth bricks with a predetermined load Fp, sliding the brick sample, measuring the force Fs required to slide the brick sample, and dividing Fs by Fp (i.e., Fs / Fp). The load Fs acting on the hearth is equal to the mass of coke, so it can be estimated from the amount of charged coal and the yield. The yield can be determined from operational records based on the properties of the coal blend (e.g., volatile matter VM). Since the pushing force F is constantly measured, the load Fw acting on the furnace wall can be calculated from the above. The furnace wall limit load can be determined based on the actual furnace wall conditions observed in past actual operation. [Explanation of symbols]

[0042] 1 base 2,3 Support 4 hydraulic cylinders 5 Air Cylinders 6,7 Side Panel 8,9 Front and rear panels 10 Storage area 11 Extrusion Ram 12 Receiving Block 13 Scraping jig 21 load cells 100 200 Test equipment 131 Bottom plate part 132 Side plate part 132F Side plate front part 132F1 First side panel front part 132F2 Second side panel front part 133 Base 133a Vertical base 133b Top board base

Claims

1. A method for scraping out broken coke, which is obtained after coke has accumulated in a coke oven and has become jammed, by using an extrusion ram equipped with a scoop-shaped scraping tool, The scraping jig includes a bottom plate portion, a pair of side wall portions having side wall bottom surfaces in contact with the bottom plate portion, and a base portion, The base portion includes a vertical base portion that contacts the rear surfaces of the pair of side walls, and a top plate base portion, a step of acquiring in advance relationship information representing a relationship between an inclination angle of a side wall front surface of the pair of side wall portions with respect to the side wall bottom surface and an oven wall load acting on the oven wall of the coke oven during scraping; setting an inclination angle that does not exceed a predetermined furnace wall load as a design angle of the front surface of the side wall based on the relationship information; scraping out the broken coke using a scraping jig that satisfies the design angle; A method for scraping out broken coke, comprising the steps of:

2. If the designed angle is broken and falls below the angle of repose of the coke, The side wall front surface is shaped to have a first side wall front surface that satisfies the design angle and a second side wall front surface that is connected to a rear end side of the first side wall front surface in the coke extruding direction and has an inclination angle larger than the design angle, 2. The method for scraping out crushed coke according to claim 1, wherein the crushed coke is scraped out using a scraping jig having the front side wall.

3. 3. The method for scraping out broken coke according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined oven wall load is less than the oven wall limit load of the coke oven.

4. A manufacturing method for manufacturing a scoop-shaped scraping jig that is attached to an extrusion ram and used to scrape out broken coke accumulated in a coke oven after coke jamming, comprising: The scraping jig includes a bottom plate portion, a pair of side wall portions having side wall bottom surfaces in contact with the bottom plate portion, and a base portion, The base portion includes a vertical base portion that contacts the rear surfaces of the pair of side walls, and a top plate base portion, a step of acquiring in advance relationship information representing a relationship between an inclination angle of a side wall front surface of the pair of side wall portions with respect to the side wall bottom surface and an oven wall load acting on the oven wall of the coke oven during scraping; setting a tilt angle that does not exceed a predetermined furnace wall load as a design angle of the front surface of the side wall based on the relationship information; A method for manufacturing a scraping jig, comprising:

5. A scoop-shaped scraping tool attached to an extrusion ram and used to scrape out broken coke accumulated in a coke oven after coke jamming, The scraping jig includes a bottom plate portion, a pair of side wall portions having side wall bottom surfaces in contact with the bottom plate portion, and a base portion, The base portion includes a vertical base portion that contacts the rear surfaces of the pair of side walls, and a top plate base portion, an inclination angle of the side wall front surface of each of the pair of side wall portions relative to the side wall bottom surface is set to a design angle that does not exceed a predetermined furnace wall load; A scraping jig characterized in that the design angle is set based on relationship information which is the relationship between the inclination angle and the oven wall load acting on the oven wall of the coke oven during scraping.

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