Tunnel lining method and tunnel lining structure

Abstract

To provide a tunnel lining method and a tunnel lining structure capable of efficiently installing a precast slab without the need to temporarily support a precast slab half the length in the axial direction of a tunnel at a construction joint portion.SOLUTION: With two second precast plates 20A and 20B having half the length in the tunnel axis direction temporarily joined in the tunnel axis direction, one second precast plates 20A is installed in the other tunnel width direction so that it butts up against one first precast plates 10 in the tunnel width direction, and a new first precast plates 10 is installed on one side in the tunnel width direction so as to be butted against the other second precast plates 20B. After that, a construction joint portion 2 is formed between the second precast plates 20A and 20B by releasing the temporary joint between the second precast plates 20A and 20B. When the second precast plates 20A and 20B are installed in the construction joint portion 2, there is no need to temporarily support the other second precast plate 20B with a forklift or the like.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a tunnel lining method and a tunnel lining structure used for constructing a lining plate for a tunnel having construction joints at predetermined locations in the tunnel axial direction. [Background technology]

[0002] In general, tunnel construction involves forming a primary lining on the inner surface of an excavated tunnel using shotcrete, then installing formwork along the primary lining and pouring concrete into the formwork to construct a secondary lining. However, this method requires a large number of steps, such as installing and removing the formwork.

[0003] Another known lining method is to construct a lining plate using curved precast plates fabricated in advance in a factory or the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1). With this method, the lining plate can be constructed by using erection equipment such as a forklift or an erector to arrange the precast plates brought to the site in the circumferential and axial directions of the tunnel, eliminating the need to pour the lining concrete on-site and allowing for efficient construction.

[0004] Furthermore, when constructing a lining using the precast slabs, a lining structure using a so-called staggered arrangement may be used, in which the precast slabs placed on both sides of the tunnel width are alternately installed on both sides of the tunnel width, shifted by half their length in the tunnel axial direction and with their upper ends butted together. This allows a new precast slab to be installed on the other side of the tunnel width without having to temporarily support the previously installed precast slab on one side of the tunnel width with a forklift or the like. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-89200 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Tunnel linings may have construction joints (sections where the lining is not structurally connected) at predetermined intervals along the tunnel axis or at each curve. Because precast slabs cannot be staggered in these construction joints, precast slabs (half panels) half the length of the tunnel axis are placed on one side of the tunnel width to ensure a smooth end surface. For this reason, construction after the construction joints begins with the installation of a new half panel. However, because there is no precast slab on the other side of the tunnel width to support the half panel, the new precast slab must be temporarily supported by a forklift or similar device before being installed on the other side of the tunnel width. Therefore, temporary support of the half panel by a forklift or similar device is required for each construction joint, which poses a problem of inefficient construction of the entire tunnel.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a tunnel lining method and tunnel lining structure that can efficiently install precast slabs without the need to temporarily support precast slabs that are half the length of the tunnel axial direction at the construction joint. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a tunnel lining method in which curved precast slabs, each located on either side of the tunnel width, are alternately installed on both sides of the tunnel width so that they are offset from each other in the tunnel axis direction and their upper ends abut each other. In this method, a first precast slab of a predetermined length in the tunnel axis direction is installed on one side of the tunnel width direction, with its end face located in a construction joint portion at a predetermined location in the tunnel axis direction, and a pair of second precast slabs, each formed to be half the length in the tunnel axis direction, are temporarily joined in the tunnel axis direction to the first precast slab, and the second precast slab on one side of the tunnel axis direction is installed on the other side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the first precast slab on one side of the tunnel width direction, and a new first precast slab is installed on one side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the other second precast slab, and the temporary joint between the second precast slabs is then released to form a construction joint portion between the second precast slabs.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a tunnel lining structure in which curved precast slabs are placed alternately on both sides of the tunnel in the width direction of the tunnel, shifted in the tunnel axis direction and with their upper ends abutting each other, to form lining slabs. The structure comprises: a first precast slab of a predetermined length in the tunnel axis direction that is placed on one side of the tunnel in the width direction of the tunnel so that its end face is located at a construction joint portion at a predetermined location in the tunnel axis direction; and a pair of second precast slabs that are formed so that they can be temporarily joined to each other in the tunnel axis direction and are each formed to be half the length of the first precast slab in the tunnel axis direction, wherein the second precast slab on one side of the tunnel axis direction is placed on the other side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the first precast slab on one side of the tunnel width direction, and the second precast slab on the other side of the tunnel axis direction is placed on the other side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the other first precast slab on one side of the tunnel width direction, so that a construction joint portion is formed between each of the second precast slabs.

[0010] As a result, a pair of second precast slabs, each half the length in the tunnel axial direction, which are installed at the construction joint position, are temporarily joined in the tunnel axial direction, so there is no need to temporarily support the second precast slabs with a forklift or the like. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, there is no need to temporarily support the second precast slab, which is half the length in the axial direction of the tunnel, at the construction joint, so the precast slabs can be installed efficiently, and construction of the entire tunnel can be carried out efficiently.Furthermore, because there is no need to temporarily support the second precast slab with a forklift or the like, even if traffic is restricted on one side of the tunnel width for erection equipment work, the other lane in the tunnel width direction can be opened to traffic, which has the advantage that construction can be carried out without a full road closure. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a covering plate showing one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Partial plan view of the lining [Figure 3] Perspective view of the first precast slab [Figure 4] Perspective view of the second precast slab [Figure 5] A perspective view of the second precast slab showing the temporary joint [Figure 6] Perspective view of the spacer [Figure 7] Side cross-sectional view of the main part of the second precast slab [Figure 8] Side cross-sectional view of the main part of the second precast slab showing the temporary joint [Figure 9] A partial plan view of the lining plate showing the precast plate installation process [Figure 10] A partial plan view of the lining plate showing the precast plate installation process [Figure 11] A partial plan view of the lining plate showing the precast plate installation process [Figure 12] A partial plan view of the lining plate showing the precast plate installation process [Figure 13] A partial perspective view of the lining plate showing the installation process of the second precast plate [Figure 14] A partial perspective view of the lining plate showing the installation of the second precast plate [Figure 15] Side cross-sectional view of the main part of the second precast slab showing the temporary joint release state [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a partial plan view of a lining plate showing another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] 1 to 15 show an embodiment of the present invention, and show a tunnel lining method and a tunnel lining structure used in the construction of a lining plate in which construction joints are provided at predetermined locations in the axial direction of the tunnel.

[0014] The lining plate 1 of this embodiment is constructed as a secondary lining for tunnels, for example, for roads, railways, or waterways in mountainous areas, and is formed in an arch shape by alternately installing curved precast plates on both sides of the tunnel width, shifting them in the tunnel axis direction and butting their upper ends together.

[0015] The construction of the lining plate 1 uses a first precast plate 10 placed on one side or the other of the tunnel width direction and a second precast plate 20 formed to half the length of the first precast plate 10 in the tunnel axial direction, and each precast plate 10, 20 is made of panel-shaped concrete manufactured in a factory or the like.

[0016] The first precast slab 10 has a trapezoidal convex portion 11 at the upper end, toward the center in the tunnel axial direction, and when lined up in the tunnel axial direction, continuous unevenness in the tunnel axial direction is formed at the top of the lining slab 1, and the first precast slabs 10 arranged on one side of the tunnel width direction and the first precast slabs 10 arranged on the other side of the tunnel width direction are offset from each other by half the length in the tunnel axial direction, and the unevenness fits together without any gaps.

[0017] The second precast slab 20 is formed in a shape obtained by dividing the first precast slab 10 in half in the tunnel axis direction, and when one second precast slab 20A having a half-shaped convex portion 21 on one end side of the upper end in the tunnel axis direction and the other second precast slab 20B having a half-shaped convex portion 21 on the other end side of the upper end in the tunnel axis direction are connected in the tunnel axis direction, a precast slab 10 having the same shape as the first precast slab 10 is formed by the pair of second precast slabs 20A, 20B.

[0018] The second precast slabs 20A, 20B are temporarily joined to each other by connecting them with bolts 22. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , inserts 23 are embedded in the end face of one of the second precast slabs 20A in the tunnel axial direction at multiple locations around the tunnel, and bolt insertion holes 24 are formed in the end face of the other second precast slab 20B at multiple locations around the tunnel. As shown in FIG. 8 , the second precast slabs 20A, 20B are connected to each other by threading bolts 22 inserted into the bolt insertion holes 23 of the other second precast slab 20B into the inserts 23 of the one second precast slab 20A. In this case, a spacer 25 is interposed between the end faces of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B to form a gap between the end faces of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B. The spacer 25 is a cylindrical member formed of an elastic material such as rubber and has holes 25a through which the bolts 22 are inserted. A tapered recess 26 is provided at the bolt insertion portion of the end face of each of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B, and a spacer 25 is adapted to engage with each recess 26.

[0019] Next, the lining method of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 9 to 12. Note that the numbers written on the precast slabs in the figures indicate the order of installation.

[0020] As shown in Figure 9, first, the second precast slab 20 is temporarily supported as the first precast slab on one side of the tunnel width direction by a forklift or similar device (not shown), and then the first precast slab 10, as the second precast slab, is installed on the other side of the tunnel width direction by an erection machine (not shown). At this time, the upper end of the second precast slab 20 is butted against the tunnel axial half of the upper end of the first precast slab 10. Next, when the temporary support of the second precast slab 20 by the forklift or similar device is released, the first precast slab 10 and the second precast slab 20 are held in an arch shape so that they support each other.

[0021] Next, the third first precast slab 10 is installed by an erection machine on one side of the tunnel width so that it is offset from the second first precast slab 10 by half the distance in the tunnel axial direction. In this case, the second first precast slab 10 and the third first precast slab 10 are held in an arch shape so that they support each other. In this way, the fourth and subsequent first precast slabs 10 are installed alternately on both sides of the tunnel width.

[0022] When the position of the construction joints 2, which are provided at predetermined intervals in the tunnel axial direction, is reached, a pair of second precast slabs 20A, 20B, which are temporarily joined together, are installed in the other direction of the tunnel axial direction in place of the first precast slab 10. At this time, one second precast slab 20A is connected to the other second precast slab 20B in a temporarily joined state with bolts 22, so there is no need to temporarily support the other second precast slab 20B with a forklift or the like.

[0023] Next, as shown in FIG. 10, a new first precast slab 10 is installed on one side of the tunnel width direction, and the tunnel axial half of its upper end is butted against the upper end of one of the second precast slabs 20A.

[0024] 11, the bolts 22 are removed from each of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B, and the temporary connection between the second precast slabs 20A, 20B is released. As a result, the second precast slabs 20A, 20B are no longer structurally connected to each other, and a construction joint 2 that is continuous in the circumferential direction of the tunnel is formed between the end faces of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B and between the end faces of the adjacent first precast slabs 10 on one side of the tunnel width direction. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13, spacers 25 are left between the end faces of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B.

[0025] Then, in the same manner as the second and subsequent first precast slabs 10, new first precast slabs 10 are installed alternately on both sides of the tunnel width direction as shown in Figure 12, and when the position of the next construction joint portion 2 is reached, a lining slab 1 extending in the tunnel axial direction is constructed by using a pair of second precast slabs 20A, 20B temporarily joined to each other, as described above.

[0026] As described above, according to this embodiment, a first precast slab 10 having its end face located at the construction joint portion 2 of the lining slab 1 is installed on one side of the tunnel width direction, and two second precast slabs 20A, 20B each having a length half the length in the tunnel axial direction are temporarily joined in the tunnel axial direction. One of the second precast slabs 20A is then installed on the other side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the first precast slab 10 on one side of the tunnel width direction. A new first precast slab 10 is then installed on one side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the other second precast slab 20B. After that, the temporary joining of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B is released, thereby forming the construction joint portion 2 between the second precast slabs 20A, 20B. Therefore, when installing the second precast slabs 20A, 20B at the construction joint portion 2, there is no need to temporarily support the other second precast slab 20B with a forklift or the like, and the precast slabs 10, 20 can be installed efficiently. Furthermore, since there is no need to temporarily support the second precast slab 20B on the other side of the tunnel width with a forklift or the like, even if traffic is restricted on one side of the tunnel width for the erection equipment to work, the lane on the other side of the tunnel width can be opened to traffic, which has the advantage that construction can be carried out without completely closing the road.

[0027] Furthermore, the second precast slabs 20A, 20B are temporarily joined together by connecting them with bolts 22, with elastically deformable spacers 25 interposed between the end faces in the tunnel axis direction, and the temporary joining of each second precast slab 20A, 20B is released by removing the bolts 22 while leaving the spacers 25 between the end faces of each second precast slab 20A, 20B.Therefore, even after the temporary joining of each second precast slab 20A, 20B is released, a gap for the construction joint portion 2 can be formed between the end faces of each second precast slab 20A, 20B by the spacers 25.

[0028] In this case, the spacer 25 is made of a cylindrical member through which the bolt 22 can be inserted. Therefore, when the bolt 22 is inserted into the spacer 25 during temporary joining, the rigidity of the bolt 22 prevents the spacer 25 from shifting position relative to each other of the second precast slabs 20A, 20B, and after the temporary joining is released, the elasticity of the spacer 25 alone allows the second precast slabs 20A, 20B to be displaced relative to each other, thereby ensuring its function as a construction joint portion 2.

[0029] In the above embodiment, the lining plate 1 in a straight section is shown, but the present invention can also be applied to a lining plate 1 in a curved section as shown in another embodiment in FIG.

[0030] Furthermore, the above-described embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to those described in the above-described embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0031] 1...Covering plate, 2...Construction joint, 10...First precast plate, 20, 20A, 20B...Second precast plate, 22...Bolt, 25...Spacer.

Claims

1. In this tunnel lining method, curved precast slabs are placed on both sides of the tunnel width direction, and are alternately installed on both sides of the tunnel width direction so that their upper ends are butted against each other in the tunnel axial direction, A first precast slab having a predetermined length in the tunnel axial direction and having an end face located in a construction joint portion at a predetermined location in the tunnel axial direction is installed on one side in the tunnel width direction, A pair of second precast slabs, each formed to half the length in the tunnel axial direction, are temporarily joined to the first precast slab in the tunnel axial direction, and are installed on the other side of the tunnel width direction so that the second precast slab on one side in the tunnel axial direction is abutted against the first precast slab on one side in the tunnel width direction; After installing a new first precast slab on one side of the tunnel width so that it is abutted against the other second precast slab, The temporary joints between the second precast slabs are released to form construction joints between the second precast slabs. A tunnel lining method characterized by the above.

2. The second precast slabs are temporarily joined together by connecting them with bolts with elastically deformable spacers interposed between the end faces in the tunnel axial direction, The bolts are removed while leaving the spacers between the end faces of the second precast slabs, thereby releasing the temporary connection between the second precast slabs.

2. A tunnel lining method according to claim 1.

3. The spacer is a cylindrical member through which the bolt can be inserted.

3. A tunnel lining method according to claim 2.

4. In a tunnel lining structure in which curved precast slabs are placed on both sides of the tunnel width direction, and are alternately installed on both sides of the tunnel width direction so that their upper ends are butted against each other in the tunnel axial direction, a first precast slab having a predetermined length in the tunnel axial direction and installed on one side in the tunnel width direction so that its end face is located in a construction joint portion at a predetermined location in the tunnel axial direction; a pair of second precast slabs formed so as to be temporarily joinable to each other in the tunnel axial direction, and each formed to have a length half the length of the first precast slab in the tunnel axial direction; The second precast slab on one side of the tunnel axial direction is arranged on the other side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the first precast slab on one side of the tunnel width direction, The second precast slab on the other side of the tunnel axial direction is arranged on the other side of the tunnel width direction so as to abut against the other first precast slab on the one side of the tunnel width direction; Construction joints are formed between the second precast slabs. A tunnel lining structure characterized by:

5. The second precast slabs are formed so that they can be temporarily joined by connecting them with bolts with elastically deformable spacers interposed between the end faces in the tunnel axial direction.

5. A tunnel lining structure according to claim 4.

6. The spacer is a cylindrical member through which the bolt can be inserted. A tunnel lining structure according to claim 5.

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