Applicator device for dispensing liquids or gels

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or combination thereof liquid or gel over the exterior surface of an elongated, three-dimensional object or coating thereof.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an applicator device for dispensing a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof over the exterior surface of an elongated, three-dimensional object or coating thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] There are many different diseases that humans can contract, either as a result of contact with a strain of virus (e.g., various viral infections, such as the common cold and flu) or dangerous bacteria (e.g., bacterial infections). Once a person is infected, the symptoms of the disease vary depending on a variety of factors, such as the type of disease and the age and health of the carrier, among other factors. In mild cases, symptoms may include mild flu-like symptoms, gastrointestinal effects, discomfort, and loss of productivity. In more severe cases, some symptoms may require hospital treatment and may lead to permanent health problems or even death.

[0003] Bacteria and viruses can be spread through person-to-person contact, or through person-to-surface contact where contact with various surfaces on which bacteria or viruses are present in an active state is presumed to result in bacterial or viral infection. Pathogens related to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that can cause illness can be successfully transmitted from dry, smooth surfaces to clean hands after the surface has been contaminated.

[0004] While vaccines have already been developed for some strains of the virus, there are still viruses and related strains for which vaccines have not yet been developed and are unlikely to be developed successfully. The virus can be spread by respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It is also likely to be transmitted by touching a contaminated surface and then touching the eyes, mouth, or nose.

[0005] It is well understood that hand hygiene is paramount to reducing the risk of viral and bacterial transmission, with handwashing with soap and the use of hand sanitizers considered among the best preventative measures. Hand sanitizers are often applied directly to hands before, after, or both before and after contact with surfaces and are effective in killing viruses and bacteria that may be transmitted to the hands. A number of antibacterial cleaning products are also available that can be applied to a variety of surfaces before and after human contact to clean, disinfect, sanitize, or perform various combinations of these with varying degrees of potency and effectiveness.

[0006] Hand sanitizers typically come in the form of liquids or gels containing sufficient alcohol (primarily ethanol) to eliminate or reduce germ and bacterial counts. In the case of hand sanitizers, liquid and gel sanitizers are often stored in hand-held applicators (e.g., palm-sized tubes or squeeze bottles) for portable use, or in fixed-point dispensers that are more commonly used in public areas such as hospitals, offices, grocery stores, etc. Fixed-point dispensers may be mechanically driven, requiring the user to manually dispense the liquid or gel, or may be automated, dispensing the liquid or gel upon detecting the presence of hands within a specified vicinity. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, the applicant has recognized a number of drawbacks associated with existing means of preventing or minimizing the transmission of viral and bacterial related pathogens from surfaces to humans or surfaces to humans.

[0008] The problem with most hand sanitizer bottles, applicators, etc. is that they are designed to apply the liquid or gel only to human hands, not to surfaces. Therefore, while they are effective at eliminating or reducing germ or bacterial loads on users' hands, and therefore preventing or minimizing human-to-surface transmission, they have limited effectiveness at preventing, minimizing, or addressing surface-to-person transmission (i.e., after the hand sanitizer has been applied).

[0009] For example, applying hand sanitizer to an object such as a shopping cart handle would require the user to rub the sanitizer along the length of the handle, thus ensuring adequate coverage of the entire surface with the liquid or gel sanitizer through prolonged contact with the handle with their hands. This would also undoubtedly result in significant hassle and waste of the liquid or gel sanitizer. While tissues or hand towels could potentially be used to apply the liquid or gel to the entire surface, the tissues or towels represent yet another item that the user must carry and consume.

[0010] A risk of contamination remains, both in that users are unlikely to be assured that most of the surface area of ​​the handle has received the required amount of liquid or gel disinfectant, and in that the same applies to areas of the cart beside the handle that users may touch, such as the handle rail. Thus, even if users are very careful and apply hand sanitizer not only to their hands but also to the cart handle, if parts of the handle remain contaminated, users may still be at risk of contracting viruses or pathogens by coming into contact with contaminated surfaces after their own hand sanitizer has worn off. In this regard, hand sanitizers are estimated to be effective for approximately two minutes on average.

[0011] Because hand sanitizers are effective for a relatively short time, there are also problems associated with interactions that result in contamination after the initial application of hand sanitizer has been depleted. For example, during a visit to a grocery store, a shopper may become contaminated through interactions with other shoppers or through contact with one or more display items. If such interactions occur after the initial application of sanitizer has been depleted, the shopper remains at risk. In this regard, the applicant has recognized a need for a device that facilitates quick and easy reapplication of a liquid or gel to touch-sensitive surfaces, such as shopping cart handles, so that patrons can re-sanitize their hands during a visit to a particular location.

[0012] The above-mentioned issues also apply to other three-dimensional objects that patrons may encounter, such as handrails and balustrades. For example, a medical visit may require grasping a handrail in a hospital hallway. Similarly, a visitor to an athletic stadium may require grasping a handrail or balustrade while walking and queuing to certain areas, such as the stadium restrooms or concession stands. These objects are likely to be touched by hundreds or thousands of people without being disinfected after each touch, creating significant potential for person-to-surface and surface-to-person transmission. While this issue could be addressed by permanently stationing personnel in various locations to disinfect surfaces after each touch, this is impractical and likely to result in significant additional costs to the venue, impacting the commercial viability of the venue, the event, or both.

[0013] Furthermore, applicant is unaware of any liquid or gel dispensing product that is truly compact and portable and can be stored, for example, in a user's pocket or bag for application on surfaces as needed.

[0014] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome, or at least ameliorate, one or more of the problems set forth above, or to provide the public with a useful alternative. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to an exterior surface of an elongated three-dimensional object or an exterior surface of a covering configured to extend over the three-dimensional object, the applicator device comprising: The device includes one or more members having a shape whose contour generally matches the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional object or the cross-sectional shape of the covering of the three-dimensional object, so that the one or more members can be fitted to the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the outer surface of the covering, and each of the one or more members or a combination thereof is a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; and a transfer means in operable communication with the liquid reservoir body, for easily transferring the liquid or gel from the interior of the liquid reservoir body to the exterior surface thereof; The transfer means is configured such that movement of the applicator device along the elongate three-dimensional object or its covering causes transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body to the exterior surface.

[0016] In one embodiment, the applicator device is shaped to generally conform to at least a portion of the cross section of the three-dimensional object or its covering, thereby allowing the applicator device to at least partially fit with the three-dimensional object or its covering.

[0017] In one embodiment, the liquid reservoir body and the transfer means are configured such that when the applicator device is engaged with the three-dimensional object or its covering, the transfer means is disposed in a position that can facilitate the transfer of liquid or gel between the three-dimensional object or its covering and the liquid reservoir body.

[0018] In one embodiment, the transfer means takes the form of one or more absorbent pads, the reservoir body having one or more openings along its inner wall, the one or more absorbent pads generally lining the inner wall of the reservoir body such that liquid or gel exiting the reservoir body through the one or more openings contacts the one or more absorbent pads.

[0019] In one embodiment, the number, location, size, or any combination thereof of the one or more openings is adjusted so that the amount of liquid or gel transferred from the openings to the one or more absorbent pads is sufficient to ensure that the entire surface of the pad that contacts the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering is moistened.

[0020] In one embodiment, the one or more absorbent pads have one or more through holes extending therethrough from the reservoir body side to the contact surface side.

[0021] In one embodiment, one or more of the openings is provided with a flow control device to regulate the flow of fluid therethrough.

[0022] In one embodiment, the flow control devices are each check valves and are movable between a first position that prevents liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body from passing through the opening corresponding to each check valve, and a second position that allows liquid or gel to pass through the opening corresponding to each check valve.

[0023] In one embodiment, the check valves are each moved from the first position to the second position by applying an external force to an outer wall of the reservoir body adjacent thereto.

[0024] In one embodiment, each check valve has a plurality of legs that are located within the reservoir body and extend toward the outer wall, so that a force applied to the outer wall urges each check valve to move from the first position to the second position.

[0025] In one embodiment, the one or more absorbent pads are constructed of absorbent materials such as sponge or cellulose fiber foam.

[0026] In one embodiment, the exterior surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering is provided with one or more radial protrusions to facilitate movement of the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering and to facilitate uniform application of the liquid or gel to the exterior surface.

[0027] In one embodiment, the one or more radial protrusions take the form of one or more raised riflings that spiral around the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering along its length, each rifling imparting a rotational motion to the applicator device as the applicator device moves along the length of the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering.

[0028] In one embodiment, the absorbent pad is in the form of a sliding member that fits snugly within at least two adjacent raised riflings, each of the raised riflings acting as a guide for the sliding member to impart rotational motion to the applicator device.

[0029] In one embodiment, the rifling is a double helix, triple helix, or quadruple helix rifling.

[0030] In alternative embodiments, the transfer means may take the form of one or more non-absorbent inserts having one or more applicators disposed across the contact surface of the insert, each of the one or more applicators having a hollow housing extending into the interior of the reservoir body.

[0031] In this embodiment, one or more non-absorbent inserts form the interior walls of the reservoir body, and one or more applicators are molded into the one or more inserts.

[0032] In one embodiment, the plurality of applicators take the form of one or more ballpoint pen-style applicators.

[0033] In this embodiment, a generally hollow housing extending within the reservoir body houses the ball at an opposite end; a ball is disposed such that when the applicator device is engaged with the exterior surface and moved along the exterior surface, the ball rolls into contact with the exterior surface; When the applicator device is moved along the three-dimensional object or its coating to apply a liquid or gel to the exterior surface for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, the ball rotates, transferring the liquid or gel from inside the reservoir body into the hollow container, around the ball, and onto the exterior surface.

[0034] In a further alternative embodiment, the plurality of applicators take the form of one or more press-flap style applicators.

[0035] In this embodiment, a generally hollow container extending within the liquid reservoir body terminates at opposite ends with a plurality of X-shaped flaps that normally do not allow the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; The X-shaped flaps are configured to open when a sufficient pressure is applied from the liquid or gel that has entered the hollow storage section from the liquid reservoir body and been transferred toward the X-shaped flaps, so that the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body passes through the opened flaps, enters the hollow storage section, and is transferred onto the outer surface, The X-shaped flap returns to its original state when the pressure is removed.

[0036] In yet another embodiment, the plurality of applicators take the form of one or more tapered slit-type applicators.

[0037] In this embodiment, the generally hollow container portion extending within the liquid reservoir body terminates at an opposite end in a tapered surface having a slit therethrough that normally does not permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; the tapered surface and associated slit are configured such that the tapered surface contacts the outer surface when the applicator device is engaged with the outer surface and moved along the outer surface; When the applicator device is moved along the three-dimensional object or its coating to apply a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof to the exterior surface, contact between the tapered surface and the exterior surface causes the liquid or gel from within the liquid reservoir body to pass through the slit, enter the hollow container, and then be transported onto the exterior surface.

[0038] In yet another embodiment, the plurality of applicators take the form of one or more spray applicators.

[0039] In this embodiment, a generally hollow container extending within the liquid reservoir body terminates in a valve having a plurality of through holes that normally do not permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; the plurality of through holes are configured so that when sufficient pressure is applied from the liquid or gel that has entered the hollow storage portion from the liquid reservoir body and been further transferred toward the through holes, the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body can enter the hollow storage portion and be further transferred onto the outer surface by the ejection of air and liquid or gel that passes through the through holes; When the pressure is removed, the ejection of air and liquid or gel stops.

[0040] In one embodiment, the generally hollow container includes a cup at the end of the reservoir body, the cup configured to temporarily store a quantity of liquid or gel prior to delivery of the liquid or gel onto the exterior surface by the applicator.

[0041] In one or more of the various applicator embodiments described above, the reservoir body may be provided with a means for facilitating the flow of liquid or gel into the cup when an external force is applied to the outer wall of the reservoir body to transfer the liquid or gel from within the reservoir body toward the cup, and the applicator device may be moved in a manner to transfer the liquid or gel from within the reservoir body toward the cup, or the applicator device may have both the above means and the above features.

[0042] In one embodiment, the means for facilitating flow into each cup takes the form of a number of inwardly directed projections associated with the outer wall of the reservoir body, each of the number of inwardly directed projections comprising: The device is arranged in a position roughly coaxial with each cup, guiding the liquid or gel into the cup to facilitate flow, at least a portion of the cup extends into the cup to facilitate flow; or Both of these methods facilitate flow.

[0043] In one embodiment, the cups are castellated, with the inward projections taking the form of protruding pins having at least one web terminating in a nipple jutting a short distance into the cup in alignment with the space defined by a pair of castellations on the adjacent cup and another pair radially opposite.

[0044] In one embodiment, at least one web portion comprises a main web portion terminating in the form of the nipple and a plurality of additional reinforcing web portions, which together form a generally cross-shaped pin, and two or more of the pins located inside each reservoir body are connected by rail portions.

[0045] In one embodiment, one or more radial protrusions are provided on the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering, which facilitates easy movement of the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering, and facilitates uniform application of the liquid or gel to the outer surface.

[0046] In one embodiment, the one or more radial protrusions take the form of one or more raised riflings that spiral around the exterior surface of the three-dimensional object or its coating along the length of the exterior surface, the riflings imparting a rotational motion to the applicator device as the applicator device moves along the length of the elongated three-dimensional object or its coating.

[0047] In one embodiment, the rifling is a double helix, triple helix, or quadruple helix rifling.

[0048] In one embodiment, each applicator associated with a non-absorbent insert(s) is radially spaced apart by an angle that generally corresponds to the radial separation angle between the striations.

[0049] In one embodiment, when the applicator device is engaged with a three-dimensional object, the distance by which each applicator extends inward from the non-absorbent insert is approximately the same as the distance by which each striation extends outward from the outer surface, so that each striation acts as a guide member for the corresponding applicator, and each applicator is not generally allowed to go over the corresponding striation when moved in the longitudinal direction, but is instead moved along the striation, thereby imparting the rotational motion to the applicator device.

[0050] In one embodiment, each non-absorbent insert further has a sliding member attached along its inner surface, the sliding member being sized to fit snugly within at least two adjacent raised striations, whereby the striations act as guides for the sliding member and impart the rotational movement to the applicator device.

[0051] In one embodiment, the sliding member is raised sufficiently from the inner surface of the non-absorbent insert to allow liquid or gel already applied by one or more applicators to spread over the entire surface of the corresponding strip area.

[0052] In one embodiment, the liquid or gel is expelled from within the liquid reservoir body through one or more openings or through a hollow housing in the applicator by the application of an external force.

[0053] In one embodiment, the external force is a force that is manually applied to the reservoir body to deform the reservoir body and thereby cause the liquid or gel to move towards the one or more openings.

[0054] In one embodiment, the external force is a rotational motion imparted to the applicator device that causes the liquid or gel to move toward one or more openings, for example, such movement of the liquid or gel occurs due to gravity or centripetal force when the applicator device is rotated.

[0055] In one embodiment, the applicator device comprises one or more biasing means for biasing the applicator device to ensure it is in a fitted position on the three-dimensional object or coating thereof.

[0056] In one embodiment, movement of the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering is accomplished manually.

[0057] In an alternative embodiment, movement of the applicator device along the elongate three-dimensional object or its coating is achieved by a drive means associated with the applicator device.

[0058] In one embodiment, the drive means is a drive motor housed inside the end unit of the applicator device, which rotates an associated drive wheel, which is arranged to come into frictional contact with the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the outer surface of its coating and, by its own rotation, move the applicator device relative to said outer surface.

[0059] In one embodiment, the one or more non-absorbent inserts have at least one pair of inwardly directed brushes that extend toward the exterior surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering so that the at least one pair of brushes contacts the exterior surface when the applicator device is engaged, and the at least one pair of brushes are positioned so that when the applicator device is moved longitudinally along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering to apply a liquid or gel to the exterior surface for cleaning, sanitizing, disinfecting, or any combination thereof, the at least one pair of brushes moves over the transferred liquid or gel to distribute the liquid or gel over a wider surface area.

[0060] In one embodiment, the one or more non-absorbent inserts are constructed from a rubber-like material such as Santoprene™ or any suitable flexible material.

[0061] In one embodiment, the applicator device is configured to be adjustable so that the contours of the applicator device can conform to a variety of cross-sectional shapes, a variety of dimensions, or various combinations of a variety of cross-sectional shapes and a variety of dimensions.

[0062] In one embodiment, the applicator device has a cross-sectional shape configured to mate with a three-dimensional object having a matching cross-sectional appearance, including square, rectangular, circular, oval, and the like.

[0063] In one embodiment, the reservoir body is constructed from a transparent material, allowing the user to view the level of the liquid or gel within the reservoir body.

[0064] In one embodiment, the reservoir body is constructed from a deformable and resilient material, allowing the reservoir body to return to its original shape after being deformed to allow fluid transfer.

[0065] In one embodiment, the reservoir body is constructed from a plastic material such as polypropylene, polyethylene (high or low density), polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, or the like.

[0066] In this alternative embodiment, the reservoir body is not deformable and is constructed of a non-resilient material such as stainless steel.

[0067] In one embodiment, the liquid or gel comprises a composition for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, the exterior surface of a three-dimensional object or the exterior surface of a coating thereof, or for subsequent use on any further object or surface to which the composition is transferred.

[0068] In one embodiment, the applicator device is configured for single use disposability, and therefore cannot be refilled, even though the reservoir body is filled with liquid or gel.

[0069] In an alternative embodiment, the applicator device is reusable and therefore the reservoir body is provided with an access valve or lid to allow the reservoir body to be refilled with liquid or gel.

[0070] In one embodiment, the applicator device is housed in a pouch or container sized to match the device.

[0071] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to the outer surface of a coating extending over an elongated, three-dimensional object having a circular or elliptical cross section, the coating having a plurality of raised striations formed thereon, the striations acting to support the axial diametric load of a slider around the outer surface of the coating along its length, the applicator device comprising: The method includes one or more members that together form an annular shape configured to surround an elongated three-dimensional object, the one or more members each or some combination thereof comprising: a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; one or more non-absorbent inserts forming an inner wall of the reservoir body and provided with one or more applicators for facilitating transfer of a liquid or gel from the inside of the reservoir body onto the outer surface; the applicators are radially spaced apart by an angle that generally corresponds to the radial separation angle between the striations; the distance by which each applicator extends inward from the one or more non-absorbent inserts generally corresponds to the distance by which each of the striations extends outward from the outer surface, such that each of the striations acts as a guide for the corresponding applicator, such that when the applicator device is moved in the longitudinal direction, the applicator is generally unable to move over its corresponding striation, but instead the striations move the applicator along the striations, thereby imparting a rotational motion to the applicator device; The applicator device is configured to apply a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof liquid or gel to the exterior surface by moving the applicator device along the grooved coating.

[0072] In one embodiment, the one or more applicators are one or more ballpoint pen applicator aspects, one or more press flap applicator aspects, one or more slit applicator aspects, one or more spray applicator aspects, or one or more combination applicator aspects of the above aspects.

[0073] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to the exterior surface of an elongated, three-dimensional object having a circular or elliptical cross section or to the exterior surface of a covering configured to extend over the three-dimensional object, the applicator device comprising: The method includes two members that together form an annular shape that generally surrounds an elongated three-dimensional object, and the two members each or a combination thereof: a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; and a transfer means in operable communication with the liquid reservoir body to facilitate transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the liquid reservoir body to the exterior surface; The transfer means is configured such that movement of the applicator device along the elongate three-dimensional object or its covering causes transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body to the exterior surface.

[0074] In one embodiment, the two members are hingedly connected so that each can pivot relative to the other and clamp the applicator device onto an elongated, three-dimensional object.

[0075] In one embodiment, the hinged connection is an articulating hinge, allowing the separation between the two members to be adjusted to accommodate a large number of elongated objects of varying cross-sectional dimensions.

[0076] In one embodiment, the applicator device is provided with biasing means for rotatably biasing the two members towards each other.

[0077] In one embodiment, the reservoir body has one or more openings along its inner wall, and the transfer means generally lines the inner wall of the reservoir body, such that the liquid or gel exiting the reservoir body through the one or more openings comes into contact with the transfer means.

[0078] In one embodiment, one or more of the openings is provided with a flow control device to regulate the rate of flow of liquid or gel therethrough.

[0079] In one embodiment, the flow control devices are each check valves movable between a first position that prevents liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body from passing through the opening corresponding to each check valve, and a second position that allows liquid or gel to pass through the opening corresponding to each check valve.

[0080] In one embodiment, each check valve is moved from a first position to a second position by applying an external force to an outer wall of the reservoir body adjacent thereto, thereby deforming the reservoir body and thereby transporting the liquid or gel through one or more of the openings.

[0081] In one embodiment, each check valve has a plurality of legs that are located within the reservoir body and extend toward the outer wall, so that a force applied to the outer wall urges each check valve to move from the first position to the second position.

[0082] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an applicator device for applying a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof to the outer surface of an elongated three-dimensional object having a square or rectangular cross section, or to the outer surface of a covering configured to extend over the three-dimensional object, the applicator device comprising: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a folding screen-shaped object, comprising: one or more members configured to mate with two adjacent surfaces of the elongated three-dimensional object; and each of the one or more members or a combination thereof is a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; and a transfer means in operable communication with the liquid reservoir body, for easily transferring liquid or gel from the interior of the liquid reservoir body onto the outer surfaces associated with the two adjacent surfaces; The transfer means is configured such that movement of the applicator device along the elongate three-dimensional object or its covering causes transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body to the exterior surface.

[0083] In one embodiment, the reservoir body has one or more openings along its inner wall, and the transfer means generally lines the inner wall of the reservoir body such that liquid or gel exiting the reservoir body through the one or more openings comes into contact with the transfer means.

[0084] In one embodiment, one or more of the openings is provided with a flow control device to regulate the rate of flow of liquid or gel therethrough.

[0085] In one embodiment, the flow control devices are each check valves movable between a first position that prevents liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body from passing through the opening corresponding to each check valve, and a second position that allows liquid or gel to pass through the opening corresponding to each check valve.

[0086] In one embodiment, each check valve is movable from a first position to a second position by applying an external force to an outer wall of the reservoir body adjacent thereto, thereby deforming the reservoir body and thereby transporting the liquid or gel through one or more of the openings.

[0087] In one embodiment, each check valve has a plurality of legs that are located within the reservoir body and extend toward the outer wall, so that a force applied to the outer wall urges each check valve to move from the first position to the second position.

[0088] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides an elongated three-dimensional object or a covering thereof having an outer surface, the three-dimensional object or the covering thereof comprising: The present invention also includes an applicator device configured according to any one of the first, second, third, and fourth aspects, which applies a liquid or gel disinfectant to the exterior surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering when moved along the three-dimensional object or its covering. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0089] Various embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the event is a sporting event and the physical environment and various objects at the event are represented in three-dimensional form. A brief description of the figures will now be provided. [Figure 1] 1A-1C are various views illustrating an applicator device constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention and used on an elongated, three-dimensional object; [Figure 2] 2 illustrates the applicator device of FIG. 1 being used on a rifled elongated three-dimensional object; [Figure 3] FIG. 3 illustrates the applicator device of FIGS. 1 and 2 being used on an elongated object in the form of a cart handle, with the cart handle being provided with a triple helix rifling coating. [Figure 4] 4 illustrates the same embodiment as FIG. 3, but with the applicator device in a second position after being moved from the original position shown in FIG. 3. [Figure 5] 10A-10C illustrate various views of an applicator device constructed in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 6] FIG. 6 illustrates the applicator device of FIG. 5, demonstrating the extent to which the pivotable device members can pivot and be spaced apart from one another to accommodate a variety of objects of varying cross-sectional appearance. [Figure 7]7 illustrates the applicator device of FIGS. 5 and 6 being used on an elongated three-dimensional object in the form of a cart handle, with the cart handle being provided with a rifled coating. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrating the applicator device of FIGS. 5-7 together with its associated carrying case; [Figure 9] 10A-10C are various views illustrating an applicator device constructed in accordance with yet a further embodiment of the present invention being used on an elongated, three-dimensional object having a square cross section; [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates an applicator device according to a further object of the present invention, the applicator device comprising a drive device for automating the sliding of the applicator device along a three-dimensional object. [Figure 11] Various views illustrating an applicator device configured according to yet a further embodiment of the present invention, in which the inner wall of the liquid reservoir body is formed by one or more non-absorbent inserts on which multiple liquid or gel applicators are provided. [Figure 12] 12A-12C are various additional views illustrating the applicator device of FIG. 11; [Figure 13] 13A-13C are various views illustrating different types of applicators that can be used with the non-absorbable inserts of FIGS. 11 and 12. [Figure 14] 13A-13C are various views illustrating different types of applicators that can be used with the non-absorbable inserts of FIGS. 11 and 12. [Figure 15] 13A-13C are various views illustrating different types of applicators that can be used with the non-absorbable inserts of FIGS. 11 and 12. [Figure 16] 13A-13C are various views illustrating different types of applicators that can be used with the non-absorbable inserts of FIGS. 11 and 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0090] References herein to "cleaning" fluids or gels are not strictly limited to formulations that remove germs, dirt, and impurities, but may also include more aggressive formulations, such as disinfectants (i.e., to reduce the number of germs on a surface or object to a safe level) and sanitizers that disinfect a surface or object (i.e., to kill germs). In other words, the use of the word "cleaning" and any variations thereof herein is intended to describe one or more of cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing. Furthermore, references to "applying" a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or various combinations thereof fluid or gel to a surface should be interpreted as achieving many different results. For example, the application of the fluid or gel may be intended merely to assist in cleaning the surface. In alternative embodiments, the application of the fluid or gel may be intended to disinfect or sterilize the surface by applying the fluid or gel to the surface. In still other embodiments, the application of the liquid or gel may be specifically intended to allow subsequent transfer of the liquid or gel to another object or surface, for example, to allow subsequent transfer from the surface to which the liquid or gel is applied to the user's fingers (while the user is touching the surface).

[0091] The present invention relates to an applicator device 10 configured to be manually or automatically moved (slid) over an elongated, three-dimensional object, such as a handrail or shopping cart handle, to apply a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or combination thereof liquid or gel (not shown) to the exterior surface 14 of the three-dimensional object 12 or the exterior surface 14 of an object (also referred to herein as a "covering") configured to cover the three-dimensional object 12. The applicator device 10a includes one or more members 16 shaped to generally conform to the shape of a cross-section 18 of the three-dimensional object 12, thereby mating with at least a portion of the cross-section 18. Each or a combination of the one or more members 16 includes a hollow reservoir body 20 configured to store a liquid or gel within its internal chamber 21, and each or a combination of the members 16 also includes a transfer means 22 that generally lines an interior wall 24 of the reservoir body 20, as will be described with reference to the embodiments of Figures 1-10, or that forms part of an interior wall of the reservoir body 20, as will be described with reference to the embodiments of Figures 11-16.

[0092] Transfer means 22, which may take the form of, for example, an absorbent pad lining reservoir body 20 or a non-absorbent insert forming the interior wall of the reservoir body, is in operative communication with interior chamber 21. For example, in the case of absorbent pad embodiments, one or more openings 26 may be provided in the interior wall 24 of the reservoir body to facilitate transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of chamber 21 to absorbent transfer means 22 and, therefore, to exterior surface 14. In the case of the non-absorbent insert embodiments of Figures 11-16, multiple applicators 27 associated with one or more inserts may be used to facilitate such transfer.

[0093] It will be appreciated that the embodiments of applicator device 10a illustrated in Figures 1-4, applicator device 10b illustrated in Figures 5-8, applicator device 10d illustrated in Figure 10, and applicator device 10e illustrated in Figures 11-16 are shaped to generally conform to at least a portion of cross-section 18 of three-dimensional object 12 to which a cleaning, disinfecting, or sterilizing liquid or gel is being applied, thereby enabling them to at least partially fit onto object 12. It will also be appreciated that the cross-sectional shape of three-dimensional object 12 need not be limited to a circular cross-section, and embodiment 10c (as described in more detail below) associated with Figure 9 is an example of a similar device configured for use on a three-dimensional object having a square cross-section.

[0094] As mentioned above, the transfer means 22 may take the form of an absorbent pad lining the interior wall 24 of the reservoir body 20, and is therefore configured such that when the applicator device is attached to, i.e., mated with, the three-dimensional object 12, the transfer means 22 is positioned between the object 12 and the reservoir body 22 to facilitate the transfer of liquid or gel. This configuration is present in each of the applicator devices 10a-10d. In this regard, the reservoir body 20 is provided with a series of openings 26 along its interior wall, thereby enabling the liquid or gel that leaves the interior chamber 21 of the reservoir body 20 through the series of openings 26 to come into contact with the absorbent transfer means 22. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to any particular number, location, size, or various combinations of such openings 26, so long as the transfer means 22 is configured in a manner that allows it to transfer a sufficient amount of liquid or gel to its contact surface 28, i.e., the entire surface that directly contacts the exterior surface 14 of the object 12, to ensure sufficient moisture is maintained over the entire surface.

[0095] The embodiment 10a illustrated in Figures 1-4 is an example of a single, closed loop device designed to fit around and engage an elongated object 12, such that installation of the device 10a requires mounting the device on one end of the object 12. Thus, in the case of a supermarket cart 30, such as that illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, it will be appreciated that one end of the cart handle must be disassembled in order to enable installation of the applicator device 10a, i.e., to allow the device to be effectively inserted into the handle. If a new cart is being manufactured, the applicator device 10 may be manufactured as a complementary component to the handle.

[0096] However, the applicator device 10a of Figures 1-4 may be adapted for use with existing carts in alternative designs (not shown) that do not require disassembly of the cart handle. For example, the device may be constructed from a single, open, ring-shaped member with a single opening along its length and sufficient resilience to allow a user to manually "snap" the applicator device 10 onto the elongated object by threading the object through the opening. It will be appreciated that if the device 10 is provided with such an opening, the transfer means 22 does not completely surround the circular cross-section of the handle. In any case, rotating the applicator device while sliding it along the length of the elongated object 12 ensures uniform application of the liquid or gel.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the application of an external force (e.g., manual force) to the outer wall 32 of the reservoir 20 can cause the liquid or gel contained within the internal chamber 21 of the reservoir body 20 to be expelled from inside the reservoir body through one or more openings 26, and that the outer wall 32 may include one or more recesses 34 to facilitate this. Those skilled in the art will also understand that applying a manual force to the reservoir body can deform the body, thereby reducing the available volume within the chamber 21 and forcing the liquid or gel out of the chamber 21 through one or more openings 26. However, as will become apparent, in some instances the application of force is not necessary, and in other instances the liquid or gel can be dispensed as a result of the device being moved (e.g., rotated), or a transfer means being interconnected with the object 12 in a manner that causes or facilitates dispensing of the liquid or gel, or both.

[0098] Thus, there are several advantages associated with rotating the applicator device 10a while moving it across the exterior surface 14, such as eliminating the need to press the device to dispense the liquid or gel. In this regard, the rotational motion may be imparted manually or by providing the three-dimensional object 12 with, for example, raised rifling around and along its length that acts to support the axial diametric load of the slide. Such rifling allows the applicator device 10a to rotate as it slides along the object 12. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2-4, the object 12 is provided with a triple helix rifling pattern, although it is contemplated that other types of radial projections and patterns are possible.

[0099] As can be seen in the embodiments of Figures 2-4, a textured surface may be prepared by using a coating 38 suitable for fitting over an otherwise smooth object, such as a shopping cart handle (e.g., by pulling a flexible coating over the end of an existing shopping card handle to completely cover it, or by clamping a rigid coating to the handle). In this way, the exterior surface 14 to which a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or combination thereof liquid or gel needs to be applied resembles the coating rather than the object 12. In addition to providing greater and more uniform coverage for dispensing the liquid or gel (due to the rotation imparted to the device), the textured surface 36 can facilitate movement of the applicator device, in that it prevents the applicator device from binding during movement. While it is believed that rifling that acts to support the axial diametric load of sliding movement is advantageous, it is believed that there are various circumstances in which rifling that does not act to support the axial diametric load of sliding movement may be sufficient to facilitate movement of the applicator device.

[0100] The use of radially extending protrusions on the object, such as raised ribbing, can also act as a facilitator for expelling the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body 20, i.e., by deforming the absorbent transfer means 22 as it moves over the protrusions, effectively squeezing the liquid or gel out of the absorbent material.

[0101] Figures 5-8 illustrate an applicator device 10b constructed in accordance with an alternative embodiment, which includes two members 16 rather than the annular ring shape of the first embodiment. Each of the two members 16 is semi-annular, allowing the device 10 to be clamped around an elongated object 12 or associated covering, e.g., having a circular or oval cross-sectional shape. Components associated with device 10b in Figures 5-8 will be described using the same reference numerals as device 10a, provided that the components are identical and / or perform similar functions.

[0102] According to this second embodiment, two hinged semi-annular members 16, together forming an annular shape, are configured to generally surround the elongated object 12. Each member 16 has its own individual reservoir body 20 and transfer means 22, although device 10b could be configured with both members equally configured to share a single reservoir body. A hinge member 40 rotatably couples each member 16, allowing the two members 16 to be hingedly connected and each to pivot about the hinge member, thereby enabling the two members to clamp the device onto the elongated object 12.

[0103] As shown in FIG. 6 , the hinge member 40 may be an articulating hinge, which not only allows the members 16 to pivot but also allows the separation distance between the two members 16 to be adjusted. Thus, the articulating hinge member 40 can accommodate elongated objects 12 of various cross-sectional shapes and sizes, such as circular cross-sections of various diameters. One application where the device can accommodate a variety of diameters is a shopping cart, where a shopper may want to apply a liquid or gel disinfectant not only to the handle of the shopping cart but also to one or more adjacent metal frame members that infants or children are likely to touch while sitting in the cart. In the particular embodiment shown, the device 10b is configured to clamp onto a number of objects of various diameters. In one particular embodiment, the device 10b may be configured to clamp onto objects ranging in diameter from about 25 mm to about 90 mm. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the characteristics of device 10b can be adapted to accommodate a wide range of objects of various shapes and appearances by varying the dimensions, shape, etc. of any part.

[0104] It will also be seen in Figure 6 that when accommodating objects with large cross-sectional diameters, it is not possible for the transfer means 22 to contact the entire circumference. However, as described above with reference to device 10a, device 10b can be easily rotated once it has engaged the object to ensure uniform application of the liquid or gel, and various embodiments are described herein that allow for easy rotation of the device while moving it along the object.

[0105] As further apparent from the embodiment of Figures 5-8, applicator device 10b may include biasing means 42 (in this particular embodiment, multiple springs of a flexible material) that rotatably biases the two members 16 toward each other, thereby ensuring that device 10b always clamps at its closest diameter when attempting to close, thereby enabling it to be used with a wide variety of handles, handrails, and the like. By adapting to a wide variety of objects of varying dimensions, users may avoid having to purchase multiple devices, allowing one device to be used for multiple purposes (e.g., the shopping cart handle and frame members described above). Thus, device 10b is not only designed for ease of manufacture and assembly, but also for efficiency of use.

[0106] When configured according to the illustrated embodiment, the springs 42 effectively function as torsion springs, which have pin portions 44 secured within corresponding bores 46 on the sides of the hinge members 40, and curved resilient portions 47 that contact the inner wall 24 of the reservoir body 20 but extend outside the interior chamber 21. By securing the pin portions 44 within the bores 46, when an attempt is made to rotate (open) the two members 16 from their sandwiched position, the angle of the curved resilient portions 47 causes the resilient portions 47 to exert a biasing force against the inner wall 24. In other words, when an attempt is made to rotate (open) the members 16, the curved resilient portions 47 begin to twist, exerting a torque in the opposite direction proportional to the amount (angle) of twist.

[0107] It should be appreciated that the first described embodiment of applicator device 10a is configured for use with elongated objects of a predetermined cross-sectional dimension and may be manufactured accordingly, whereas the second embodiment of applicator device 10b is configured such that its contours can be adjusted to fit various cross-sectional shapes, various dimensions, or various combinations of various cross-sectional shapes and various dimensions.

[0108] The applicator device 10b is also configured to be squeezed or pressed to facilitate expulsion of the liquid or gel from within the reservoir body 20. As can be seen in the embodiment of Figures 5-8, a plurality of perforations 48 are spaced apart along the contact surface 28 of the absorbent transfer means 22. The perforations 48 are aligned with the openings 26 (which in this embodiment are also a plurality of perforations) in the interior wall 24 of the reservoir body 20 to house the flow control devices 50. In the illustrated embodiment, the flow control devices 50 are valves 50 having head portions 51 and foot portions 52, each linearly disposed within the reservoir body 20 and connected by a rail portion 53. Each head portion 51 has a cylindrical lower end 54 and a grooved upper end 55 such that when the cylindrical lower end 54 is positioned within the opening 26, the liquid or gel cannot pass therethrough, but when the grooved upper end 55 is positioned within the opening 26, the liquid or gel can pass therethrough.

[0109] Each leg 52 of the valve 50 is designed to be highly elastic, so that by pushing the leg 52 toward the head 51, the length of the valve 50 is shortened, and therefore the head 51 is brought closer to the outer wall of the liquid reservoir body 20. Thus, each valve 50 has the aspect of a check valve, and is movable between a first position in which the opening 26 is blocked by the lower end 54 of the valve head to prevent liquid or gel in the liquid reservoir body from passing through the opening 26 corresponding to the blocked valve, and a second position in which the valve head 51 is retracted and the grooved upper end 55 allows the liquid or gel to pass through the opening 26, allowing the liquid or gel to be absorbed by the transfer means 22.

[0110] Movement of each check valve 50 from the first position to the second position is effected by applying an external force to the outer wall 32 of the reservoir body 20 adjacent the valve, which causes the reservoir body to deform, thereby forcing liquid or gel out of the interior chamber 21 through one or more openings. The valve legs 52 are positioned inside the interior chamber 21 of the reservoir body 20 and may abut the outer wall 32 or be positioned sufficiently adjacent thereto such that force exerted on the outer wall 32 urges the valve to move from the first position to the second position. Pressing on the rails 53 can also exert pressure on the multiple valves 50 associated therewith.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 8 , applicator device 10b can be stored in a carry case 56 that can be sized, shaped, or both, and can take the form of a pouch or container 56, for example. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the portability of such a small, portable device allows it to be easily stored and used as needed, for example, when visiting a grocery store or attending any public event where a user may need to come into contact with one or more elongated objects that may be potentially contaminated. To ensure that the liquid or gel is applied over the entire surface area of ​​the object, a user simply removes the device from their pocket or bag, attaches it to the object, and slides (and rotates, if necessary) the device along the object. Thus, such a device can be used to clean, disinfect, sanitize, or any combination thereof (depending on the particular liquid or gel formulation) the surface area of ​​an object, while also providing a similar effect to a user's hands upon contact with the object (i.e., as the liquid or gel is transferred to the user's hands after contact). In a grocery store situation, this has the added benefit of protecting the user's hands during subsequent interactions or handling, such as when the user touches other items, such as food items, whose surfaces may also be contaminated.

[0112] Once the user has completed use of the device, the user can return the applicator to the storage case 56 for future use. Of course, the device need not be a portable device, but may, as previously mentioned, be manufactured so as to be already integrated into an object such as a cart handle, handrail, balustrade, etc. For example, such a device could be permanently attached to a handrail or balustrade in an athletic field, and operation of the device could even be automated so as to eliminate the need for manual handling, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0113] The applicator device may be manufactured for single-use disposability, such that once the reservoir body 20 is filled with liquid or gel, it cannot be refilled. Alternatively, the applicator device may be reusable, such that the reservoir body 20 is provided with an access valve or lid (such as valve 57 seen on device 10e in FIG. 11) that allows the reservoir body to be refilled with liquid or gel (e.g., by a liquid or gel injection device, not shown).

[0114] Although a further embodiment of applicator device 10c is shown throughout the various views of FIG. 9, it will be appreciated that device 10c is adapted for use on a flat surface 58 of a three-dimensional object. For example, device 10c can be used to apply a cleaning, sanitizing, disinfecting, or combination thereof liquid or gel to an elongated object having a square or rectangular cross section. It should be understood that the angle between two flat surfaces 58 need not be a right angle, as device 10c can be adjusted to any angle between 0 and 180 degrees, for example, because two members 16 of device 10c are hinged members 60.

[0115] 9, it will be appreciated that the two members 16 of the device 10c each include a reservoir body 20 that (according to the previous embodiment) includes an internal chamber 21 and one or more openings 26 extending along the interior wall 24 of each reservoir body 20. However, in this particular embodiment, the one or more openings 26 take the form of a single elongated opening rather than multiple perforations. Furthermore, the transfer means 22 itself includes a plurality of circular depressions 62, although these do not extend completely through the transfer means 22. In this manner, the depressions facilitate sliding of the transfer means 22 over the entire surface 58.

[0116] Each of the three embodiments described above includes minor variations, such as various types of openings in the reservoir body inner wall, various types of transfer means configurations, as well as various types of hinge members, which are described and illustrated by way of example only, and each embodiment can be modified to incorporate one or more features of the other embodiments. For example, device 10c of FIG. 9 may be adapted to incorporate the flow control device described above, and device 10a of FIGS. 1-4 may also incorporate a transfer means having multiple rounded depressions formed over the entire contact surface thereof. Indeed, it should be understood that, where feasible, any one of the embodiments described herein may be adapted to include one or more features from another embodiment.

[0117] As previously mentioned, movement of device 10a-c, i.e., sliding of the device along elongated object 12, need not be manual but may be automated, which provides a distinct advantage since it eliminates the need to manually manipulate the device to apply cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to a particular surface. Figure 10 shows one embodiment of an applicator device 10d incorporating a drive unit 63 housing a drive means 64.

[0118] In the illustrated embodiment, the drive means 64 is a drive motor and associated electronics 66 and associated drive wheels 68. The drive motor, electronics 66, and drive wheels 68 are supported by one or more frame members 70, and although not shown, the drive motor and electronics 66 also utilize a battery supported by the one or more frame members 70, which powers the drive motor 66. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drive wheels 68 are positioned so that their rolling surfaces contact the exterior surface 14 of the elongated object 12, and that, upon rotation, the drive wheels 68 roll over the exterior surface 14, moving the device 10d in the longitudinal direction along the exterior surface. If the exterior surface 14 is ribbed, as described in one or more of the previous embodiments, such ribbing will also cause the device 10d to rotate during its automated longitudinal movement, thereby ensuring thorough and uniform application of liquid or gel across the entire area of ​​the object's exterior surface 14.

[0119] As noted above, the devices according to the above-described embodiments may be single-use, disposable devices, or may be reusable. In the latter regard, the material from which the reservoir body 20 is constructed may be sufficiently resilient to ensure that the reservoir body returns to its original shape for future use after being deformed to allow the transfer of liquid. Of course, the reservoir body 20 need not be deformable. In this regard, the reservoir body 20 may be constructed from a metallic material, such as stainless steel, but if constructed from a non-deformable material, such as stainless steel, some other mechanism for releasing fluid from within the metallic chamber must be utilized. For example, release of liquid or gel may be achieved solely as a result of interaction between the transfer means 22 and the outer surface 14 of the object 12 or the outer surface of a coating thereof, as described above. The means by which the liquid or gel leaves the chamber 21 of the liquid reservoir body 20 through one or more openings 26 may be by gravity (or centripetal force as the device is rotated), by natural movement of the liquid or gel from wet areas to dry areas, or by natural movement of the liquid or gel from a high concentration to a low concentration, or various combinations thereof.

[0120] Reservoir body 20 may be constructed of a transparent material to allow a user to visually view the liquid or gel level within the reservoir body and determine whether the internal chamber needs to be refilled. Reservoir body 20 may be constructed of any suitable plastic material, such as polypropylene, polyethylene (high or low density), polyethylene terephthalate, or polylactic acid. Constructing the reservoir body from environmentally sustainable and recyclable materials may be preferred, and such materials are contemplated as long as the reservoir body is capable of meeting the functional requirements described herein.

[0121] In further embodiments, the reservoir body may be partially permeable to the gel or liquid contained within the chamber, allowing for the application of a protective gel or liquid to the exterior of the reservoir body, thereby ensuring that device 10 does not become a potential surface for transmitting germs or viruses when a user attempts to compress or move device 10 with their hands.

[0122] The transfer means 22 may be constructed from any suitable absorbent material, including, for example, a sponge, e.g., a cellulose fiber foam. In the case of a non-absorbent insert, the transfer means 22 may be constructed from a material similar to that of the reservoir body 20. The liquid or gel contained within the reservoir body 20 may be composed of any suitable composition for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof on the exterior surface 14, depending on the application. For example, in situations where the device is intended to be used to eradicate viral and bacterial pathogens, the reservoir body may be filled with any disinfectant, antibacterial, or antiviral agent. For example, when applied to cart handles, compositions similar to those currently employed in conventional hand sanitizers may be used, but the present invention should not be construed as limited to any particular liquid or gel.

[0123] 11-15, the transfer means 22 is instead constructed of a generally non-absorbent material, and rather than lining the interior wall of the reservoir body 20, the transfer means 22 forms the interior wall of the reservoir body 16. In this regard, the applicator device 10e includes the transfer means 22 in the form of one or more non-absorbent inserts 72 (in the illustrated embodiment, two inserts 72 sandwiched together to form an annular configuration), each having a plurality of applicators 74 positioned thereon, thereby acting to transfer a liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body 20 onto the exterior surface 14 (which may be the exterior surface of the object, as shown, or the exterior surface of the object's covering 38). It will be appreciated that in this embodiment, transfer of the liquid or gel is accomplished by rotation of the device 10, whereby each applicator 74 moves longitudinally over the exterior surface 14, dispensing the liquid or gel onto the surface 14 between the individual projections of the rifling 36. In the illustrated embodiment, the rifling 36 is a quadruple helix rifling (i.e., a bundle of four equally spaced radial strands with a corresponding spiral around the periphery of the coating such that the strand spacing remains generally constant).

[0124] Each of the two inserts 72 has a side flange 73 adapted to mate together and interconnect the two inserts 72 to form the annular shape. Once mated, the flanges 73 may be permanently and rigidly secured together, for example, by ultrasonic welding. The insert flanges 73 are wedged between two opposing, correspondingly shaped reservoir bodies 20, which also form a generally annular shape when the flanges are mated, forming sealed internal chambers 21 between each reservoir body and its corresponding insert. Each flange 73 may have one or more perforations to allow liquid or gel to pass between the two internal chambers 21.

[0125] Each reservoir body 20 also includes a series of internal structural members 75 positioned and sized to reinforce the corresponding internal sleeve in required locations and to increase the overall stiffness of the sleeve and reservoir body 20.

[0126] The applicators 74a may take the form of one or more ballpoint pen-style applicators 74a, each having a generally hollow housing 76 formed in each insert 72 (e.g., molded into the annular body of each insert). Each hollow housing 76 has a castellated cup 78 that extends into the reservoir body at one end to be in fluid communication with the reservoir body's internal chamber 21 and receives a ball 80 at its opposite end adjacent the exterior surface 14. As shown in the enlarged cross-sectional views of FIG. 11, the ball 80 is positioned for rolling contact with the exterior surface 14 when the applicator device 10e is engaged with and moved along the rifled coating 38. As applicator device 10e is moved along coating 38 to apply a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or combination thereof liquid or gel to exterior surface 14 thereof, ball 80 rotates, causing liquid or gel from inside castellated cup 78 to enter hollow receptacle 76, migrate around ball 80, and be transported onto exterior surface 14. This liquid or gel flow can be seen in more detail in FIG. 13, which depicts a simplified ballpoint pen-style applicator 74a including housing 76, cup 78 (not castellated in this example), and ball 80.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that when device 10e includes multiple ballpoint pen-style applicators 74a, the balls effectively cause device 10e to act much like a rolling bearing around object 12, in that each ball greatly facilitates rolling of device 10e along surface 14. In the illustrated embodiment, rifling 36 is associated with a covering 38 that is pre-installed over a shopping cart handle, and it can be seen that when device 10e is installed on such covering 38, eight balls 80 associated with eight applicators 74a are positioned to roll across the entire exterior surface 14 of the covering. The range of movement is limited by the rifling, which is raised sufficiently high above exterior surface 14 to prevent the balls from rolling over the rifling line.

[0128] The applicators 74a associated with each non-absorbent insert 72 are preferably radially spaced apart at an angle that generally corresponds to the angle at which the striations 36 are radially spaced apart, as best seen in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 11. Furthermore, once the applicator device 10e is engaged with the covering 38, the distance that each applicator 74 extends inward from the non-absorbent insert 72 (e.g., the distance the ball extends from the surface of the insert 72, if applicator 74a is employed) generally corresponds to the distance that each striation 36 extends outward from the exterior surface 14. In this manner, the striations 36 act as guides for each associated applicator 74, but instead of being generally unable to pass over the associated striations 36 when moved longitudinally, the applicators 74 are forced to move along the striations 36, thereby imparting rotational motion to the applicator device 10e. While the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 shows four strands of the strands 36 spaced radially from one another by equal distances around the coating 38, and four applicators 74a spaced radially from one another by corresponding angles and associated with each of the two inserts 72, various other configurations and arrangements are possible.

[0129] In the illustrated embodiment, the applicator 74a is positioned so that two of the balls are positioned in each of the four swaths defined by the four strands of filament. Specifically, the balls are positioned so that when one of the balls at one end of the device is centered in the swath between the two strands of filament, the ball at the opposite end of the device in the same swath is also centered. In other words, the balls at one end of the device are spaced apart from the balls at the opposite end of the device by an angle that corresponds to the angle at which the filament spirals. While this particular orientation of the balls at the opposing ends of the device 10e allows some freedom of movement (i.e., clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the device is permitted even when the device is not moving along its longitudinal axis), those skilled in the art will appreciate that such radial movement is also constrained by the radial spacing of the strands. The greater the separation between the strands of filament, the greater the range of radial movement that can be tolerated. In any event, one or more strands of filament act as guides for ball 80 as the device is slid along the handle of a shopping cart, and the spiral nature of the filament causes device 10e to rotate as it is moved along the object.

[0130] Additional means for guiding the device 10e as it moves along the object may be utilized. For example, the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12 further includes a sliding member 81 mounted along the inner surface of each insert 73, the sliding member 81 being oriented (angled) to correspond to the swath defined between two adjacent bundles of rifling lines. The sliding member 81 is sized to fit snugly within the swath between two adjacent bundles of rifling lines. The inclusion of the sliding member 81 further constrains the rotation of the device in that, while the balls 80 are still capable of helical movement along their longitudinal axes as the device is moved along the object, they are no longer free to rotate radially, i.e., between two adjacent bundles of rifling lines, as previously described. Each ball 80 is effectively fixed radially at a location between two adjacent bundles of rifling lines (e.g., the radial midpoint between the two bundles of rifling lines).

[0131] The slide members may be attached to the insert using any suitable means. In the illustrated embodiment, the slide members 81 each have at least one pin 83 configured to be received and retained in a correspondingly positioned female socket 85 molded into the sleeve 73.

[0132] The sliding member 81 can be configured in a number of different ways, depending on the desired application. For example, the sliding member 81 can be configured to act solely as a guide without contacting the surface 14 (as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12). In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the sliding member 81 can be raised further from the insert to contact the surface 14 and thereby act to spread the liquid or gel already dispensed by the leading applicator 74. Of course, the use of the sliding member 81 is optional; without the sliding member 81, the device 10e would operate in the manner described above, i.e., each ball 80, and therefore the device 10e, would have some radial movement, as permitted by the striations. As noted above, the radial movement of the device would be constrained according to the minimum radial movement of a ball positioned midway between two adjacent striations associated with the coating 38.

[0133] It should be understood that sliding member 81 may also be used in the previously described embodiments in which an absorbent pad is used to line the interior surface of the reservoir body and transfer liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body to the exterior surface 14. For example, if the absorbent pad itself is to act as the sliding member, the absorbent pad may be shaped and oriented to be guided between adjacent raised ribbings.

[0134] The reason that the cups 78 associated with each applicator 74a in FIGS. 11 and 12 have a castellated design is to facilitate the entry of liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body chamber 21 into the cups during rotation of the device 10e. In this regard, as the device is rotated, the cups 78 receive liquid or gel, and the amount of fluid that can enter the cups depends on the degree of castellation. According to one embodiment, each cup may be castellated to a sufficient degree to ensure that the cups receive enough liquid or gel to prevent breakage during sufficient rotation of the device 10e. In other words, as the device 10e is rotated, the liquid or gel in the cups is distributed by the rolling balls 80, and at the same time, the cups 78 are effectively refilled as the liquid or gel moves into the cups, in part due to the castellated design. The cup 78 may also include means for directing liquid or gel into the cup during rotation of the device 10e, as will be described in more detail below.

[0135] 14 shows an alternative embodiment applicator example, a press-flap applicator 74b, having a cup 78 (not castellated in this example) at one end and a generally hollow receiving portion 76 at the other end that projects into the interior chamber of the reservoir body. In particular, the receiving portion 76 terminates in an X-shaped flap 82 that, in its normal state, does not allow the flow of liquid or gel therethrough. The X-shaped flap 82 is raised and is configured to open upon application of sufficient pressure (e.g., by rotation of the device 10e) from the reservoir body 16 into the cup 78 and moving toward the X-shaped flap 82, thereby allowing liquid or gel from inside the reservoir body 16 to pass through the flap 82 into the hollow receiving portion 76 and onto the exterior surface 14, and then return to its original state when the pressure ceases.

[0136] 15 shows a further alternative applicator implementation, a slit-type applicator 74c, having a cup 78 (not castellated in this example) at one end and a generally hollow housing 76 at the other end that projects into the interior chamber of the fluid reservoir body. In particular, housing 76 terminates at its other end in a tapered surface 84 with a slit 86 that normally does not permit the flow of fluid or gel therethrough. Tapered surface 84 and associated slit 86 are configured so that when applicator device 10e is engaged with and moved along sheath 38, the tapered surface contacts exterior surface 14. In this embodiment, as applicator device 10e is moved along covering 38 to apply a liquid or gel to exterior surface 14 for cleaning, sanitizing, disinfecting, or any combination thereof, tapered surface 84 contacts exterior surface 14, thereby transporting liquid or gel from within reservoir body 16 through slit 86, into hollow receptacle 76, and onto exterior surface 14.

[0137] 16 shows yet another alternative applicator embodiment, a spray applicator 74d, including a cup 78 (not castellated in this example) at one end and a generally hollow housing 76 at the other end that projects into the interior chamber of the reservoir body. Specifically, housing 76 terminates in a bulbous portion 88 having a plurality of perforations 90 through which liquid or gel cannot flow under normal conditions. Perforations 90 are configured such that upon application of sufficient pressure from liquid or gel displaced from reservoir body 16 into cup 78 (e.g., by rotation of device 10e) and directed toward perforations 90, perforations 90 allow liquid or gel from inside the reservoir body to enter hollow housing 76, whereupon a spurt 92 of air and liquid or gel passes through the perforations and displaces the liquid or gel onto exterior surface 14; the spurt 92 ceases when pressure ceases.

[0138] In one or more of the various applicator embodiments described above that require the transfer of liquid or gel from the reservoir body to the cups 78, the reservoir body 16 may be provided with means for promoting or directing the flow of the liquid or gel into the cups 78. In the embodiment shown in Figures 11 and 12, the flow promoting or directing means takes the form of a plurality of protruding pins 96 that project inwardly relative to the reservoir body outer wall 32. Each of the inwardly directed protruding pins 96 may promote flow in one of two ways: by positioning the pin generally coaxially with the respective cup 78 to direct the liquid or gel within the cup; or by projecting the pin a short distance into the cup 78.

[0139] In particular, according to the illustrated embodiment, the ejector pin 96 is provided with at least one web portion 97, which terminates in a nipple 98 that aligns with the space defined by a pair of adjacent cup castellations and another pair of radially opposed castellations, as seen in the enlarged view of FIG. 11 , and projects a short distance into the cup. Thus, the web portion 97 is shaped to guide the flow of liquid or gel and, for that purpose, is positioned outwardly of the cup (avoiding direct contact with the cup). While the three-dimensional shape of the ejector pin 96 can be seen in FIG. 12 , it will be appreciated that the web portion 97 may be provided with additional reinforcing web portions 99. In the illustrated embodiment, these, together with the web portion 97, form a cross shape. Additionally, the embodiment of FIG. 12 may include two or more ejector pins connected by rail portions 100, which also serve to provide additional rigidity to the device 10e. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any disturbance will break any meniscus or similar liquid retention effect associated with the liquid or gel, and therefore the flow of the liquid or gel into the cup 78 will be facilitated by the pin 96.

[0140] An alternative to using raised sliding members 81 to spread dispensed liquid or gel over surface 14 while device 10e is in motion may be the provision of a set of inwardly facing brushes (not shown). For example, in each of the various applicator embodiments described above and shown in Figures 11-16, one or more non-absorbent inserts may also be provided with at least one set of inwardly facing brushes (not shown) that extend toward exterior surface 14, allowing the set of brushes to contact exterior surface 14 when applicator device 10e is clamped over the covering. The set of brushes may be arranged such that, as applicator device 10e is moved longitudinally along covering 38 to apply cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof liquid or gel to exterior surface 14, the set of brushes may be moved over the liquid or gel already transferred by each applicator to distribute it over a wider surface area.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will now appreciate the various advantages associated with using the device 10a or 10e of the present invention. For example, by using the device 10e shown in Figures 11 and 12, it is believed that a shopping cart user can slide (rotate) the device 10e from one end of the shopping cart handle to the other with minimal effort, thereby applying liquid or gel disinfectant to the covering of the shopping cart handle before transferring the disinfectant to their hands when touching the shopping cart handle. The rolling bearing action would enable the user to move the device 10e from one end of the handle to the other by, for example, tapping it with one finger, thereby minimizing the amount of hand contact required to evenly apply the liquid or gel disinfectant across the entire exterior surface 14 of the covering 38. Alternatively, the device could be automatically driven. While a ballpoint applicator, or any of the other applicators described above, can only dispense "lines" of liquid or gel as it is moved across exterior surface 14, this is sufficient because there are two balls per swath, and therefore subsequent applicators will cover any area not covered by the first applicator. In either case, once the device has been moved from one end of the handle to the other, it can be expected that a sufficient amount of liquid has been dispensed to enable the user to touch the shopping cart handle (or its covering) itself, and the user is likely to be confident that they have transferred a sufficient amount of liquid or gel disinfectant to their hands. If the user wishes to reapply the liquid or gel disinfectant, they can move device 10 from one end of the handle to the other periodically throughout their shopping experience.

[0142] Throughout this specification and the appended claims, unless the context otherwise requires, the words "comprises", "comprises", "comprising ...

[0143] Any reference to prior art in this specification should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any indication that the prior art already forms part of the general knowledge. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail. Embodiment 1 1. An applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to an exterior surface of an elongated three-dimensional object or to an exterior surface of a covering configured to extend over the three-dimensional object, the applicator device comprising: and one or more members having a shape that generally conforms to the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional object or its covering, thereby being adapted to fit onto the outer surface, wherein each or some combination of the one or more members: a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; and a transfer means in operable communication with the liquid reservoir body to facilitate transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the liquid reservoir body to the exterior surface; The transfer means is configured such that movement of the applicator device along the elongate three-dimensional object or its covering causes transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body to said exterior surface. Embodiment 2 An applicator device as described in embodiment 1, wherein the applicator device is shaped to generally conform to at least a portion of the cross-section of the three-dimensional object or its covering, thereby allowing it to at least partially fit with the three-dimensional object or its covering. Embodiment 3 An applicator device according to either embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein the liquid reservoir body and the transfer means are configured such that when the applicator device is engaged with the three-dimensional object or its covering, the transfer means is disposed in a position that can facilitate the transfer of liquid or gel between the three-dimensional object or its covering and the liquid reservoir body. Embodiment 4 An applicator device as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the transfer means takes the form of one or more absorbent pads, the liquid reservoir body having one or more openings along its inner wall, and the one or more absorbent pads generally lining the inner wall of the liquid reservoir body such that liquid or gel passing through the one or more openings and exiting the liquid reservoir body contacts the one or more absorbent pads. Embodiment 5 An applicator device as described in embodiment 4, wherein the number, position, dimensions, or various combinations thereof of one or more openings are configured so that the amount of liquid or gel that can be transferred by the openings to one or more absorbent pads is sufficient to ensure that the entire pad surface that contacts the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering is moistened. Embodiment 6 An applicator device as described in either embodiment 5 or embodiment 5, wherein the one or more absorbent pads have one or more through holes extending therethrough from the liquid reservoir body side to the contact surface side. Embodiment 7 An applicator device according to any one of embodiments 4 to 6, wherein one or more openings are provided with a flow control device for regulating the flow rate of the liquid therethrough. Embodiment 8 8. The applicator device of embodiment 7, wherein each of the flow control devices is a check valve and can be moved between a first position that prevents liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body from passing through the opening corresponding to each check valve, and a second position that allows liquid or gel to pass through the opening corresponding to each check valve. Embodiment 9 9. The applicator device of embodiment 8, wherein movement of each of the check valves from the first position to the second position is caused by applying an external force to an outer wall of the reservoir body adjacent each check valve. Embodiment 10 An applicator device as described in embodiment 9, wherein each check valve has a plurality of legs located within the liquid reservoir body and extending toward the outer wall, such that a force applied to the outer wall presses each check valve to move it from the first position to the second position. Embodiment 11 The applicator device of any one of embodiments 4 to 10, wherein the one or more absorbent pads are constructed of an absorbent material such as sponge sponge, cellulose fiber foam, or the like. Embodiment 12 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 4 to 11, wherein the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the outer surface of its covering is provided with one or more radial protrusions, which makes it possible to easily move the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering and to facilitate uniform application of liquid or gel to the outer surface. Embodiment 13 An applicator device as described in embodiment 12, wherein the one or more radial protrusions take the form of one or more raised rifling lines that spiral around the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering along its length, each rifling line imparting a rotational motion to the applicator device as the applicator device moves along the length of the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering. Embodiment 14 An applicator device as described in embodiment 13, wherein the absorbent pad is in the form of a sliding member that fits snugly inside at least two adjacent raised rifling lines, each of which acts as a guide for the sliding member, thereby imparting rotational motion to the applicator device. Embodiment 15 An applicator device according to either embodiment 13 or embodiment 14, wherein the rifling is a double helix, triple helix, or quadruple helix rifling. Embodiment 16 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the transfer means takes the form of one or more non-absorbent inserts, and one or more applicators are provided across the contact surface of the insert, and each of the one or more applicators is provided with a hollow containing portion extending inside the liquid reservoir body. Embodiment 17 17. The applicator device of embodiment 16, wherein the one or more non-absorbent inserts form the inner walls of the reservoir body, and the one or more applicators are molded into the one or more inserts. Embodiment 18 The applicator device of either embodiment 16 or embodiment 17, wherein the plurality of applicators includes one or more ballpoint pen-style applicators. Embodiment 19 a generally hollow reservoir extending within the reservoir body and housing a ball at an opposite end; a ball is disposed such that when the applicator device is engaged with the exterior surface and moved along the exterior surface, the ball rolls into contact with the exterior surface; The applicator device of embodiment 18, wherein when the applicator device is moved along a three-dimensional object or its coating to apply a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof to an exterior surface, the ball rotates, transferring the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body to the hollow container, around the ball, and then to the exterior surface. Embodiment 20 The applicator device of any one of embodiments 16 to 19, wherein the plurality of applicators includes one or more pressure flap applicators. Embodiment 21 a generally hollow container portion extending within the liquid reservoir body and terminating at opposite ends with a plurality of X-shaped flaps that normally do not permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; The X-shaped flaps are configured to open when a sufficient pressure is applied from the liquid or gel that has entered the hollow storage section from the liquid reservoir body and been transferred toward the X-shaped flaps, so that the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body passes through the opened flaps, enters the hollow storage section, and is transferred onto the outer surface, 21. An applicator device according to embodiment 20, wherein the X-shaped flap returns to its original state when the application of said pressure ceases. Embodiment 22 The applicator device of any one of embodiments 16 to 21, wherein the multiple applicators include one or more tapered slit-type applicators. Embodiment 23 a generally hollow container portion extending within the liquid reservoir body and terminating at an opposite end in a tapered surface having a slit therethrough that does not normally permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; the tapered surface and associated slit are configured such that the tapered surface contacts the outer surface when the applicator device is engaged with the outer surface and moved along the outer surface; 23. The applicator device of embodiment 22, wherein when the applicator device is moved along a three-dimensional object or its covering to apply a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof to the exterior surface, contact between the tapered surface and the exterior surface causes the liquid or gel from within the liquid reservoir body to pass through the slit, enter the hollow container, and be further transported onto the exterior surface. Embodiment 24 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 16 to 23, wherein the multiple applicators take the form of one or more spray applicators. Embodiment 25 a generally hollow reservoir extending within the liquid reservoir body and terminating in a valve having a plurality of through holes therethrough, the through holes being configured to normally not permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; the plurality of through holes are configured so that when sufficient pressure is applied from the liquid or gel that has entered the hollow storage portion from the liquid reservoir body and been transferred toward the plurality of through holes, the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body can enter the hollow storage portion and be further transferred onto the outer surface by the ejection of air and liquid or gel that passes through the plurality of through holes; 25. The applicator device of embodiment 24, wherein the ejection of air and liquid or gel stops when the application of pressure ceases. Embodiment 26 An applicator device as described in embodiments 16 to 25, wherein the generally hollow storage portion has a cup at the end of its liquid reservoir body, the cup being configured to temporarily store a certain amount of liquid or gel before the liquid or gel is transferred onto the exterior surface by the applicator. Embodiment 27 The liquid reservoir body is provided with a means for facilitating the flow of the liquid or gel into the cup, and the conditions for facilitating the flow into the cup are: When an external force is applied to the outer wall of the liquid reservoir body, causing the liquid or gel to be transferred from inside the liquid reservoir body toward the cup, when the applicator device is moved in a manner that transfers the liquid or gel from within the liquid reservoir body towards the cup; or 27. An applicator according to embodiment 26, wherein both of the above situations occur. Embodiment 28 The means for facilitating flow into each cup takes the form of a number of inwardly directed projections associated with the outer wall of the reservoir body, each of the number of inwardly directed projections comprising: The device is disposed in a position generally coaxial with each cup, thereby guiding the liquid or gel into the cup to facilitate its flow; at least a portion of the fluid extends into the cup to facilitate flow; or 28. An applicator device according to embodiment 27, wherein the inflow is facilitated by both of the above means. Embodiment 29 An applicator device as described in embodiment 28, wherein the cups are constructed in a castellated or battlemented style, and the inward protrusions are in the form of protruding pins having at least one web portion, which terminate in a nipple or nipple-like pointed end that projects a short distance into the cup in alignment with the space defined by a pair of castellations of an adjacent cup and another pair radially opposite it. Embodiment 30 30. The applicator device of embodiment 29, wherein at least one web portion comprises a main web portion terminating in the form of the nipple and a plurality of additional reinforcing web portions, which together form a generally cross-shaped pin, and two or more of the pins located inside each liquid reservoir body are connected by rail portions. Embodiment 31 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 16 to 25, wherein one or more radial protrusions are provided on the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the outer surface of its covering, making it possible to easily move the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering and to facilitate uniform application of liquid or gel to the outer surface. Embodiment 32 An applicator device as described in embodiment 31, wherein the one or more radial protrusions take the form of one or more raised rifling lines that spiral around the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering along the length of the outer surface, and the rifling lines impart a rotational motion to the applicator device as the applicator device moves along the length of the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering. Embodiment 33 33. The applicator device of embodiment 32, wherein the rifling is a double helix, triple helix, or quadruple helix rifling. Embodiment 34 An applicator device as described in either embodiment 32 or embodiment 33, wherein each applicator associated with one or more non-absorbent inserts is radially spaced apart by an angle that generally corresponds to the radial separation angle between the striations. Embodiment 35 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 32 to 34, wherein when the applicator device is engaged with a three-dimensional object, the distance by which each applicator extends inward from the non-absorbent insert is approximately the same as the distance by which each striation extends outward from the outer surface, so that each striation acts as a guide member for the corresponding applicator, and each applicator is not generally allowed to go over the corresponding striation when moved in the longitudinal direction, but is instead moved along the striation, thereby imparting the rotational motion to the applicator device. Embodiment 36 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 32 to 35, wherein each non-absorbent insert further has a sliding member attached along its inner surface, the sliding member being sized to fit snugly inside at least two adjacent raised stripes, whereby the stripes act as guide members for the sliding member and impart the above-mentioned rotational movement to the applicator device. Embodiment 37 An applicator device as described in embodiment 36, wherein the sliding member is sufficiently raised from the inner surface of the non-absorbent insert to spread the liquid or gel already applied by one or more applicators over the entire surface of the corresponding band-shaped area. Embodiment 38 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 4 to 15 or embodiments 16 to 37, wherein the liquid or gel is released from within the liquid reservoir body through one or more of the openings by applying an external force, or through the hollow containing portion of the applicator. Embodiment 39 39. The applicator device of embodiment 38, wherein the external force is a force that is manually applied to the liquid reservoir body to deform the liquid reservoir body and thereby transport the liquid or gel toward the one or more openings. Embodiment 40 40. The applicator device of embodiment 39, wherein the external force is a rotational motion imparted to the applicator device that causes the liquid or gel to move towards one or more of the openings. Embodiment 41 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 40, wherein the applicator device is provided with one or more biasing means for biasing the applicator device to ensure that it fits into a position that is fitted onto the three-dimensional object or its covering. Embodiment 42 An applicator device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 41, wherein movement of the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering is achieved manually. Embodiment 43 An applicator device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 42, wherein movement of the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering is achieved by a drive means associated with the applicator device. EMBODIMENT 44 An applicator device as described in embodiment 43, wherein the drive means is a drive motor housed inside the end unit of the applicator device, which rotates an associated drive wheel, which is configured to come into frictional contact with the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the outer surface of its coating and, by its own rotation, move the applicator device relative to the outer surface. Embodiment 45 An applicator device as described in any one of embodiments 16 to 44, wherein one or more non-absorbent inserts have at least one pair of inward-facing brushes that extend toward the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or its covering, so that when the applicator device is engaged, the at least one pair of brushes contact the outer surface, and the brushes are positioned so that when the applicator device is moved in the longitudinal direction along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering to apply liquid or gel for cleaning, sterilizing, disinfecting, or any combination thereof to the outer surface, the at least one pair of brushes move over the transferred liquid or gel to spread the liquid or gel over a wider surface area. Embodiment 46 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 16 to 45, wherein the one or more non-absorbent inserts are constructed from a rubber-like material such as Santoprene™ or any suitable thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Embodiment 47 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 46, wherein the applicator device is configured to be adjustable so that the contours of the applicator device can conform to various cross-sectional shapes, various dimensions, or various combinations of various cross-sectional shapes and various dimensions. Embodiment 48 An applicator device as described in embodiment 47, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the applicator device is configured to fit with a three-dimensional object having a matching cross-sectional shape, including a square, rectangle, circle, oval, etc. Embodiment 49 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 48, wherein the liquid reservoir body is constructed from a transparent material, thereby allowing the user to see the level of liquid or gel within the liquid reservoir body. Embodiment 50 An applicator device as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 49, wherein the liquid reservoir body is constructed from a deformable and elastic material, so that the liquid reservoir body returns to its original shape even after being deformed to enable liquid transfer. Embodiment 51 51. The applicator device of embodiment 50, wherein the reservoir body is constructed of a plastic material such as polypropylene, polyethylene (high or low density), polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, or the like. Embodiment 52 An applicator device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 50, wherein the liquid reservoir body is not deformable and is constructed of a non-elastic material such as stainless steel. Embodiment 53 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 52, wherein the liquid or gel comprises a composition for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, the outer surface of a three-dimensional object or the outer surface of its coating, or for subsequently transferring the liquid or gel to any further surface to which the liquid or gel is transferred. EMBODIMENT 54 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 54, wherein the applicator device is configured for single-use disposable use and therefore cannot be refilled even if the liquid reservoir body is filled with liquid or gel. Embodiment 55 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 53, wherein the applicator device is reusable and, therefore, the liquid reservoir body is provided with an access valve or lid, allowing the liquid or gel to be refilled into the liquid reservoir body. Embodiment 56 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 1 to 55, wherein the applicator device is housed in a pouch or container of dimensions consistent with the device. Embodiment 57 1. An applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof liquid or gel to the exterior surface of a coating extending over an elongated, three-dimensional object having a circular or elliptical cross section, the coating having a plurality of raised striations formed thereon, the striations acting to support the axial diametric load of a slider around the exterior surface of the coating along its length, the applicator device comprising: The method includes one or more members that together form an annular shape configured to surround an elongated three-dimensional object, the one or more members each or some combination thereof comprising: a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; one or more non-absorbent inserts forming the inner wall of the reservoir body and provided with one or more applicators that allow for easy transfer of liquid or gel from the inside of the reservoir body onto the outer surface; the applicators are radially spaced apart by an angle that generally corresponds to the radial separation angle between the striations; the distance by which each applicator extends inward from the one or more non-absorbent inserts generally corresponds to the distance by which each of the striations extends outward from the outer surface, such that each of the striations acts as a guide for the corresponding applicator, such that when the applicator device is moved in the longitudinal direction, the applicator is generally unable to move over its corresponding striation, but instead the striations move the applicator along the striations, thereby imparting a rotational motion to the applicator device; The applicator device is configured to apply a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof liquid or gel to the exterior surface by moving the applicator device along the grooved coating. Embodiment 58 1. An applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to an exterior surface of an elongated, three-dimensional object having a circular or elliptical cross section or to an exterior surface of a covering configured to extend over the three-dimensional object, the applicator device comprising: The method includes two members that together form an annular shape that generally surrounds an elongated three-dimensional object, and the two members each or a combination thereof: a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; and a transfer means in operable communication with the liquid reservoir body to facilitate transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the liquid reservoir body to the exterior surface; The transfer means is configured such that movement of the applicator device along the elongate three-dimensional object or its covering causes transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body to said exterior surface. Embodiment 59 An applicator device as described in embodiment 58, wherein the two members are hingedly connected, allowing each to pivot relative to the other and to clamp the applicator device onto an elongated, three-dimensional object. Embodiment 60 An applicator device as described in embodiment 59, wherein the hinged connection is an articulated hinge, allowing the separation distance between the two members to be adjusted so as to accommodate a large number of elongated objects with various cross-sectional dimensions. Embodiment 61 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 58 to 60, wherein the applicator device is provided with a biasing means for rotatably biasing the two members toward each other. Embodiment 62 An applicator device described in any one of embodiments 58 to 61, wherein the transfer means is configured according to any of all the transfer means. Embodiment 63 1. An applicator device for applying a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof to the exterior surface of an elongated three-dimensional object having a square or rectangular cross section, or to the exterior surface of a covering configured to extend over the three-dimensional object, the applicator device comprising: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a folding screen-shaped object, comprising: one or more members configured to mate with two adjacent surfaces of the elongated three-dimensional object; and each of the one or more members or a combination thereof is a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; and a transfer means in operable communication with the liquid reservoir body, for easily transferring liquid or gel from the interior of the liquid reservoir body onto the outer surfaces associated with the two adjacent surfaces; The transfer means is configured such that movement of the applicator device along the elongate three-dimensional object or its covering causes transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of the reservoir body to said exterior surface. EMBODIMENT 64 64. The applicator device according to embodiment 63, wherein the transfer means is configured according to any of the above transfer means. Embodiment 65 1. An assembly of liquid or gel applicators suitable for application to elongated, three-dimensional objects, the assembly comprising: a coating configured to extend over an elongated three-dimensional object, the coating having one or more raised striations formed around an outer surface thereof and along a length thereof to support the axial diametric load of the slide; and an applicator device having one or more members, the one or more members together forming a shape that generally conforms to the cross-sectional shape of the coating, the one or more members each or various combinations thereof comprising: a hollow reservoir body configured to store a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof; and a transfer means configured in accordance with any of the above transfer means; A liquid or gel applicator assembly in which the applicator device is configured to be moved along a coating to apply a liquid or gel to the exterior surface for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof. Embodiment 66 An elongated three-dimensional object having an outer surface, or a covering for the three-dimensional object, wherein the three-dimensional object or the covering is An applicator device configured in accordance with any of the above applicator devices, the applicator device being adapted to apply a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof liquid or gel to the exterior surface of a three-dimensional object or coating thereof as the applicator device is moved along the exterior surface. [Explanation of symbols]

[0144] 10 Applicator device 20 Liquid reservoir body 21 Inner chamber 36 striation line 40 Hinge member 42 biasing means (torsion spring) 50 Flow control device (check valve) 72 Insert 73 flange 74 Applicator 76 Castellation Wind (uneven rib cage wind) storage area 78 cups 80 balls 81 Sliding member 83 pins

Claims

1. 1. An applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to an exterior surface of an elongated three-dimensional object or to an exterior surface of a covering configured to extend over the three-dimensional object, the applicator device comprising: one or more members having a shape that generally conforms to the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional object or its covering, thereby being adapted to fit onto the outer surface, wherein each or some combination of the one or more members: one or more hollow reservoir bodies configured to store said liquid or gel; a non-absorbent interior wall having one or more applicators in operable communication with one or more of said liquid reservoir bodies to facilitate the transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of each liquid reservoir body to said exterior surface; An applicator device, wherein one or more applicators are configured such that transfer of liquid or gel from the interior of each liquid reservoir body to the outer surface occurs via one or more applicators in response to moving the applicator device along an elongated three-dimensional object or its covering.

2. 10. The applicator device of claim 1, wherein the applicator device is configured to at least partially fit with the three-dimensional object or the coating by being shaped to generally conform to at least a portion of a cross-section of the three-dimensional object or the coating.

3. 10. The applicator device of claim 1, wherein each applicator device is a spray-type applicator activated to deliver a burst of air and liquid from within one or more of the liquid reservoir bodies to the exterior surface in response to movement of the applicator device along the three-dimensional object or the coating.

4. an outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the outer surface of the coating is provided with one or more radial protrusions, which are configured to facilitate movement of the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or the coating and to facilitate uniform application of the liquid or gel to the outer surface; 2. The applicator device of claim 1, wherein one or more of the radial protrusions includes one or more raised rifling lines that spiral around the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the coating along its length, each rifling line configured to impart rotational motion to the applicator device as the applicator device moves along the length of the elongated three-dimensional object or the coating.

5. An applicator device as described in claim 4, wherein the raised striations are double helix, triple helix, or quadruple helix striations.

6. (1) the one or more applicators include one or more ballpoint pen-style applicators each having a generally hollow housing including a first end extending within the liquid reservoir body and a ball at an end opposite the first end; the ball is disposed so that when the applicator device is moved along the outer surface in engagement with the outer surface, the ball rolls into contact with the outer surface; When the applicator device is moved along the three-dimensional object or its covering to apply a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof liquid or gel to the exterior surface, the ball rotates to transfer liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body to the hollow container, around the ball, and onto the exterior surface; or (2) the one or more applicators include one or more press-flap type applicators; each compressible flap applicator comprising a generally hollow container having a first end extending into said liquid reservoir body and terminating at an opposite end with a plurality of X-shaped flaps that normally do not permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; the X-shaped flaps are configured to open when a sufficient pressure is applied from the liquid or gel that has entered the hollow storage portion from the liquid reservoir body and been transferred toward the X-shaped flaps, so that the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body passes through the opened flaps, enters the hollow storage portion, and is transferred onto the outer surface; the X-shaped flap returns to its original state when the application of pressure ceases; or (3) the one or more applicators include one or more tapered slit-type applicators; each tapered slit applicator comprising a generally hollow container having a first end extending into said liquid reservoir body and an opposite end terminating in a tapered surface having a slit therethrough, said slit being configured to normally not permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; the tapered surface and associated slits are configured such that the tapered surface contacts the outer surface when the applicator device is engaged with the outer surface and moved along the outer surface; When the applicator device is moved along the three-dimensional object or its covering to apply a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof to the exterior surface, contact between the tapered surface and the exterior surface causes the liquid or gel from within the liquid reservoir body to pass through the slit, enter the hollow container, and be transported onto the exterior surface; or (4) one or more of the applicators are in the form of one or more spray applicators; each spray applicator comprising a generally hollow housing having a first end extending into said liquid reservoir body and an opposite end terminating in a valve having a plurality of through holes therethrough, the through holes being configured to not normally permit the flow of liquid or gel therethrough; the plurality of through holes are configured such that, when a sufficient pressure is applied from the liquid or gel that has entered the hollow storage portion from the liquid reservoir body and been further transferred toward the plurality of through holes, the liquid or gel from inside the liquid reservoir body can enter the hollow storage portion and be further transferred onto the outer surface by the ejection of air and liquid or gel that passes through the plurality of through holes, When the application of pressure is stopped, the ejection of air and liquid or gel stops.

5. The applicator device of claim 4.

7. the generally hollow container has a cup at its reservoir body end, the cup configured to temporarily store a quantity of liquid or gel prior to delivery of the liquid or gel onto the exterior surface by an applicator; one or more of said reservoir bodies are provided with means for facilitating flow into each cup; The means for facilitating flow into each cup takes the form of a number of inwardly directed projections associated with the outer wall of the reservoir body, each of the number of inwardly directed projections comprising: The device is disposed in a position generally coaxial with each cup, thereby guiding the liquid or gel into the cup to facilitate its flow; at least a portion of the cup extends into the cup to facilitate flow, or the nozzle is disposed in a position generally coaxial with each of the cups to guide the liquid or gel into the cup and at least a portion of the nozzle extends into the cup to facilitate the flow of the liquid or gel into the cup; said cups being of castellated or battlemented construction, the inward projections being in the form of protruding pins provided with at least one web portion terminating in a nipple or teat-like point projecting a short distance into the cup in alignment with the space defined by a pair of castellations of an adjacent cup and another pair radially opposite thereto; 5. The applicator device of claim 4, wherein at least one of the web portions comprises a main web portion terminating in the form of the nipple and a plurality of additional reinforcing web portions, the plurality of additional reinforcing web portions together forming a generally cross-shaped pin, and two or more of the pins disposed inside each liquid reservoir body are connected by rail portions.

8. 5. The applicator device of claim 4, wherein each applicator is radially spaced apart by an angle that generally corresponds to the angle of radial separation between the striations.

9. 9. The applicator device of claim 8, wherein when the applicator device is engaged with the three-dimensional object, the distance by which each applicator protrudes inward from the non-absorbent inner wall is approximately the same as the distance by which each striation protrudes outward from the outer surface, so that each striation acts as a guide member for the corresponding applicator, and the corresponding applicator is generally prevented from climbing over the corresponding striation, but is instead moved along the striation to impart rotational motion to the applicator device.

10. the non-absorbent inner wall includes a sliding member extending along its inner surface, the sliding member being sized to fit snugly inside a rifling channel formed between at least two adjacent raised stripes, whereby the stripes act as guides for the sliding member to move throughout the rifling channel; 9. The applicator device of claim 8, wherein the sliding member is configured to protrude sufficiently from the inner surface of the non-absorbent inner wall to spread liquid or gel already applied by one or more applicators over the entire surface of the corresponding strip-shaped region.

11. the three-dimensional object comprises a circular, square, rectangular, or elliptical cross-section; 2. The applicator device of claim 1, comprising two members and one or more biasing means for rotatably biasing the two members toward each other into a position where they are fitted onto the three-dimensional object or its covering.

12. movement of the applicator device along the elongated three-dimensional object or its covering is accomplished manually or by a drive means associated with the applicator device; 2. The applicator device of claim 1, wherein the drive means is a drive motor housed inside an end unit of the applicator device, the drive motor rotating an associated drive wheel, the drive wheel being configured to be in frictional contact with the outer surface of the three-dimensional object or the outer surface of its coating and to move the applicator device relative to the outer surface by its own rotation.

13. The applicator device of claim 1 , wherein the non-absorbent inner wall is constructed from a rubber-like material or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), including Santoprene™.

14. 2. The applicator device of claim 1, wherein the applicator device includes two members connected by an articulated hinge, the articulated hinge being configured to adjust the separation distance between the two members so that the contour of the applicator device can conform to a variety of cross-sectional shapes and / or dimensions.

15. 10. The applicator device of claim 1, wherein each reservoir body is constructed from a transparent material to allow a user to view the level of the liquid or gel within the reservoir body.

16. The liquid reservoir body is made of a deformable and elastic material, or the reservoir body is made of a plastic material including one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene (high or low density), polyethylene terephthalate, and polylactic acid; or The applicator device of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir body is not deformable and is constructed of a non-elastic material.

17. the liquid or gel comprises a composition for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, the exterior surface of the three-dimensional object or the exterior surface of a coating thereof; the applicator device is configured for single use disposability and therefore each reservoir body is filled with liquid or gel but is not refillable; or 10. The applicator device of claim 1, wherein the applicator device is reusable and, therefore, the reservoir body is provided with an access valve or lid so that the reservoir body can be refilled with liquid or gel.

18. 1. An applicator device for applying a cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof, liquid or gel to the exterior surface of a coating extending over an elongated, three-dimensional object having a circular or elliptical cross section, the coating having a plurality of raised striations formed thereon, the striations acting to support the axial diametric load of a slider around the exterior surface of the coating along its length, the applicator device comprising: one or more members that together form an annular shape configured to surround the elongated three-dimensional object, the one or more members each or some combination thereof comprising: a hollow reservoir body configured to store the liquid or gel; one or more non-absorbent inserts forming an inner wall of the reservoir body and provided with one or more applicators that allow for easy transfer of liquid or gel from the inside of the reservoir body onto the outer surface; the applicators are radially spaced apart by an angle that generally corresponds to the radial separation angle between the striations; the distance by which each applicator extends inward from the one or more non-absorbent inserts generally corresponds to the distance by which each striation extends outward from the outer surface, such that each striation acts as a guide for a corresponding applicator, such that when the applicator device is moved in the longitudinal direction, the applicator is generally unable to move over its corresponding striation, but instead the striations move the applicator along the striation, thereby imparting a rotational motion to the applicator device; The one or more applicator devices are configured such that application of a liquid or gel to the exterior surface for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof occurs via the one or more applicators in response to movement of the applicator device along the coating.

19. 1. An assembly of liquid or gel applicators for elongated, three-dimensional objects, the assembly comprising: a coating configured to extend over an elongated three-dimensional object, the coating having one or more raised striations formed around an outer surface thereof and along a length thereof for supporting an axial diametric load of a sliding body; and an applicator device having one or more members, the one or more members together forming a shape that generally conforms to the cross-sectional shape of the coating, the one or more members each or various combinations of which: a hollow reservoir body configured to store a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof; a non-absorbent insert disposed within the applicator device and defining an interior wall configured in accordance with the non-absorbent interior wall of claim 1; An assembly of liquid or gel applicators, wherein one or more of the applicators are configured such that application of a liquid or gel to the exterior surface for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof occurs via one or more of the applicators in response to movement of the applicator device along the three-dimensional object or its covering.

20. An elongated three-dimensional object having an outer surface, or a covering for the three-dimensional object, wherein the three-dimensional object or the covering is 10. The three-dimensional object or coating thereof, comprising an applicator device as described in claim 1, configured to apply a liquid or gel for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, or any combination thereof to the exterior surface in response to the applicator device moving along the three-dimensional object or coating thereof.

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