External insulation wall structure of wooden or steel frame buildings

Abstract

To provide a wooden building or an outside plated insulation wall structure for a steel construction building capable of improving workability, while preventing heat bridge, and securing high airtight insulation and comfortability in a habitable room.SOLUTION: An outside plated insulation wall structure is provided with: an outer wall having a bilayer insulation layer made up of a plurality of insulation layers and an exterior material in this order on an outside of a skeleton of a wooden building or a steel construction building; an insulation layer inside of the skeleton placed in a space inside of the skeleton; and an interior substrate placed in an indoor side of the skeleton and the insulation layer inside of the skeleton. The bilayer insulation layer comprises a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer with higher heat thermal capacity and moisture permeability than those of the first insulation layer. Preferably, the first insulation layer is formed of plastic insulation material, and the second insulation layer is formed of wooden fiber insulation material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the wall structure of a wooden building or a steel-framed building, and more specifically to an exterior insulated wall structure having a multi-layer insulation layer consisting of multiple insulation layers on the outdoor side of the building's frame. [Background technology]

[0002] External insulation is a method of covering the outside of a wooden or steel-framed building with a uniform insulating layer, eliminating thermal bridges and making structural materials such as wood less susceptible to the effects of outside air, thereby improving the durability of the building. In addition, buildings using external insulation can maintain an appropriate temperature environment inside the building and suppress the occurrence of internal condensation, thereby suppressing the growth of mold and dust mites and providing health benefits, and are therefore rated as high-performance energy-saving buildings.

[0003] The following four methods can be listed as the main exterior insulation methods used for such external insulation (Non-Patent Document 1). (1) Dry adhesion method This is a construction method in which an insulating composite panel that integrates exterior materials and an insulating layer is stretched over the building structure. (2) Wet adhesion method This is a construction method in which an insulation layer is laid on the structure and a thin layer of plaster is applied to the insulation layer. (3) Ventilated layer construction method This construction method involves installing an insulation layer on the building frame, leaving a space outside of it for the exterior materials to be placed in. The space between the insulation layer and the exterior materials becomes a ventilation layer. (4)Double wall construction method This construction method involves laying an insulating layer on the building frame, leaving a space outside it and placing an exterior wall made of thick bricks, concrete blocks, concrete panels, etc. The space between the insulating layer and the exterior wall becomes a ventilation layer.

[0004] The adhesion method prevents internal condensation by making the moisture permeability of exterior materials and painted walls greater than that of the insulation layer, and allows indoor moisture (water vapor) to be discharged outdoors.It is cheaper to install than other external insulation methods, is easy to install, and has many examples. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6542740 [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] Hokkaido External Insulation Construction Association, "External Insulation Construction Handbook," 2003, pp. 30-39 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Patent Document 1 proposes an exterior thermal insulation, moisture permeable, earthquake-resistant structure for wooden buildings. This proposal provides a structure with superior performance to previous exterior thermal insulation structures for wooden buildings, but further improvements are required in consideration of the following points. (a) The outer insulation layer is thin, and the pillars and studs in contact with it may act as thermal bridges. (b) The inner insulation layer is made of inorganic insulation materials such as rock wool and glass wool, which are filled between structural members such as pillars and studs. It has a small thermal capacity, and the change in indoor temperature after the heating and cooling equipment is stopped is relatively large. (c) In order to prevent the absorption of moisture by the inner insulation layer due to water vapor from inside the room, a moisture-proof airtight sheet is placed on the interior side of the frame. However, the installation accuracy of the moisture-proof airtight sheet may vary depending on the skill of the installer, and if the installation accuracy is low, there is a risk that the airtightness will decrease.

[0008] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an exterior insulated wall structure for wooden or steel-framed buildings that prevents thermal bridges, has high airtight insulation performance, ensures comfort in living spaces, and also makes it easier to install. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The present invention provides an exterior insulated wall structure for a wooden or steel-framed building. The exterior insulated wall structure of the present invention comprises an exterior wall on the exterior side of the skeleton of the wooden or steel-framed building, in which a multi-layer insulation layer consisting of multiple insulation layers and an exterior material are arranged in this order; an interior insulation layer arranged in the space within the skeleton; and an interior underlayment material arranged on the indoor side of the skeleton and the interior insulation layer. The multi-layer insulation layer can have a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer that has a larger heat capacity and higher moisture permeability than the first insulation layer. Preferably, the first insulation layer is formed of a plastic-based insulation material, and the second insulation layer is formed of a wood fiber-based insulation material. More preferably, the first insulation layer is formed of bead-method polystyrene foam, and the second insulation layer is formed of a wood fiber board insulation material.

[0010] The exterior insulation wall structure can further include a foundation structure in which a foundation insulation layer and a foundation exterior material are arranged in this order on the outdoor side of the foundation beam. In this structure, the lower end surface of the multi-layer insulation layer is constructed so that it abuts the upper end surface of the foundation insulation layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first insulation layer is disposed on the indoor side of the exterior material, and the second insulation layer is disposed on the indoor side of the first insulation layer. In this case, the thickness of the base coat of the exterior material having a base coat, mesh, and top coat is preferably 3 mm. In another embodiment, the first insulation layer is disposed on the outdoor side of the building frame, and the second insulation layer is disposed on the outdoor side of the first insulation layer. In this case, the thickness of the base coat of the exterior material having a base coat, mesh, and top coat is preferably 7 mm.

[0012] In yet another embodiment, the multi-layer insulation layer can have a first insulation layer and two second insulation layers that have a higher heat capacity and higher moisture permeability than the first insulation layer. In such a wall structure with three insulation layers, the two second insulation layers can both be located on the indoor side of the first insulation layer, or the first insulation layer can be located between the two second insulation layers.

[0013] In one embodiment, the insulation layer within the building structure can be formed from wood fiber insulation material. In another embodiment, the insulation layer within the building structure can be an air layer. When the insulation layer within the building structure is an air layer, the interior underlayment is preferably installed on the building structure so as to seal the air layer within the space within the building structure.

[0014] The second insulation layer is preferably formed by arranging multiple rectangular board insulation materials in a tiled pattern. In one embodiment of this second insulation layer, adjacent board insulation materials in the vertical direction are connected by inserting a convex portion formed on an end face of one board insulation material into a concave portion formed on the opposing end face of the other board insulation material. In another embodiment, each board insulation material has a concave portion on two of its four end faces in the vertical direction, and adjacent board insulation materials in the vertical direction are connected by placing a rod-shaped member of a shape corresponding to the space formed by the two concave portions when the board insulation materials are adjacent in the vertical direction. The rod-shaped member is preferably formed from the same insulating material as the insulating material forming the first insulation layer. The multiple board insulation materials are preferably installed using a horse-stripe or potato-stripe method.

[0015] In an embodiment in which the second insulation layer is formed by arranging a plurality of rectangular board insulation materials in a tiled pattern, adjacent board insulation materials in the width direction are preferably connected by inserting a convex portion formed on an end face of one board insulation material into a concave portion formed on the opposite end face of the other board insulation material. The connecting portions of adjacent board insulation materials in the width direction are preferably positioned so as not to correspond to the structural members of the building frame. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, in a wooden building or a steel-framed building, by placing a multi-layer insulation layer consisting of multiple insulation layers on the outdoor side of the structure and forming an insulation layer in the space inside the structure, not only is the structural components of the structure prevented from becoming thermal bridges, but a wall structure with large heat capacity, humidity control function, airtightness performance, and excellent workability is realized, resulting in a building with high indoor comfort and good energy efficiency. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of an exterior insulated wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] 1A and 1B show an externally insulated wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the externally insulated wall structure, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the externally insulated wall structure. [Figure 3] 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of an exterior insulated wall structure according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B show an exterior insulated wall structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is an exploded perspective view of a portion of the exterior insulated wall structure, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the exterior insulated wall structure. [Figure 5] 1 shows an externally insulated wall structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is a cross-sectional view of a portion of another form of the externally insulated wall structure of FIG. 1, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of a portion of another form of the externally insulated wall structure of FIG. 3. [Figure 6] This shows an example of the structure of the second insulation layer included in the external insulation wall structure of the present invention, where (A) is an elevation view of a portion of the second insulation layer, (B) is an oblique view of one of the multiple board insulation materials that make up the second insulation layer, (C) is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the connection between adjacent board insulation materials in the width direction, and (D) is a vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of the connection between adjacent board insulation materials in the height direction. [Figure 7]This shows another example of the structure of the second insulation layer included in the external insulation wall structure of the present invention, where (A) is an oblique view of one of the multiple board insulation materials that make up the second insulation layer, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of the connection between adjacent board insulation materials in the height direction, (C) is a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of the connection between adjacent board insulation materials in the height direction, and (D) is a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of the connection between adjacent board insulation materials in the width direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

[0019] (First embodiment) FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of an externally insulated wall structure 1A (hereinafter referred to as Structure 1A) according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is used in a wooden building with a frame structure. FIG. 2 also shows a portion of Structure 1A, with FIG. 2(A) being an exploded perspective view of a portion of Structure 1A and FIG. 2(B) being a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of Structure 1A. In this specification, the direction parallel to the ground along the outer surface of the exterior material 41 is referred to as the width direction, the direction perpendicular to the width direction along the outer surface of the exterior material 41 is referred to as the height direction, and the direction perpendicular to the width and height directions is referred to as the thickness direction. The left side of FIG. 1 may be referred to as the outdoor side, outside, or front, and the right side of FIG. 1 as the indoor side, inside, or rear.

[0020] [Overview of Structure 1A] 1 and 2, Structure 1A is used for a frame structure formed of multiple structural members arranged at intervals vertically and horizontally. A frame structure is a common structure for wooden and steel-framed buildings, having a framework 21 such as columns or studs 211, foundations 212, girders 213, support members 214, and structural surface members 215, a floor framework 22 such as joists 221, beams 222, and floor plywood 223, and a foundation beam 23. Building structures that can use Structure 1A are not limited to frame structures, but can also be used for frame structures, which are a common structure for wooden buildings, constructed with vertical frames, horizontal frames, foundations, girders, etc. In this specification, the columns or studs 211, foundations 212, girders 213, support members 214 and structural surface materials 215 of the frame 21, the joists 221, beams 222 and floor plywood 223 of the floor frame 22, and the foundation beams 23 are referred to as structural members.

[0021] Structure 1A comprises an exterior wall arranged on the outdoor side of the skeleton 2, an internal insulation layer 33 arranged in part of the space between the structural members of the skeleton 2, and an interior base material 44 arranged on the indoor side of the skeleton 2. The exterior wall includes a multi-layer insulation layer 30 and an exterior material 41 arranged in this order from the skeleton 2 toward the outdoor side.

[0022] [Double layer insulation] The multi-layer insulation layer 30 includes a first insulation layer 31 disposed on the indoor side of the exterior cladding material 41, and a second insulation layer 32 disposed on the indoor side of the first insulation layer 31. The first insulation layer 31 is an insulation layer formed from a plastic insulation material with low moisture permeability, and is preferably an insulation layer formed from bead-method polystyrene foam (for example, JISA9511:2017 and JISA9521:2017). As an example, the thermal conductivity of the first insulation layer 31 is 0.038 W / (m·k) or less, and the moisture permeability coefficient is 0.14 g / m 2 It can be set to hmmHg or less.

[0023] The second insulating layer 32 is an insulating layer formed of a wood fiber insulating material that has a higher heat capacity and higher moisture permeability than the first insulating layer 31. The second insulating layer 32 has higher moisture absorption and desorption performance than the first insulating layer 31 and other insulating materials such as glass wool, cellulose fiber, and rock wool, and has, for example, a thermal conductivity of 0.045 W / (m·k) and a density of 185 kg / m 3 , moisture permeability coefficient 174ng / m 2 The insulation layer can be formed of sPa wood fiber board insulation.

[0024] Wood fiber insulation generally has a larger heat capacity than plastic insulation or glass wool insulation, and functions as a heat storage layer. Therefore, the second insulation layer 32 suppresses the heat flow from inside to outside in winter, suppressing indoor thermal fluctuations and providing a comfortable indoor climate with less energy consumption. In summer, the second insulation layer 32 stores heat from the outside air during the day, delaying the transfer of heat into the room and mitigating indoor temperature differences, while also releasing the heat stored during the day to the outdoors at night when the outside temperature drops.

[0025] Wood fiber insulation materials can also diffuse water vapor to prevent condensation, and have a humidity-regulating function, absorbing moisture when humidity is high and releasing moisture when humidity is low. Furthermore, due to their high density, they have excellent sound insulation and sound absorption properties, so they can suppress noise from outside and absorb indoor sounds to reduce resonance.

[0026] The first and second insulating layers 31 and 32 can each have a thickness of 40 to 100 mm depending on the regional characteristics, but are not limited thereto, and it is preferable that the thickness can be adjusted in 10 mm increments. For example, if the first insulating layer 31 is an insulating layer formed from bead-method polystyrene foam and the second insulating layer 32 is an insulating layer formed from wood fiber board insulation, the thermal resistance when each is 40 mm to 100 mm thick is 1.94 W / (m 2 ·K)~5.35W / (m 2.K), which provides high thermal insulation performance. By making the multi-layer thermal insulation layer thicker, it is possible to prevent pillars or studs 211 from becoming thermal bridges, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the building. Furthermore, although not limited thereto, the first thermal insulation layer 31 can have a width of 910 mm and a height of 1820 mm to 2000 mm, for example, and the second thermal insulation layer 32 can have a width of 1300 mm and a height of 600 mm, for example.

[0027] By using a multi-layer insulation layer for the insulation layer placed on the exterior side of the building structure, it is possible to realize a highly airtight, highly insulated exterior insulated wall structure that does not create thermal bridges. Furthermore, by combining an insulation layer made of plastic insulation material with an insulation layer made of wood fiber insulation material as the multi-layer insulation layer, it is possible to create an exterior insulated wall structure that is inexpensive, lightweight, and combines moisture permeability and insulation performance. Furthermore, by placing an insulation layer made of plastic insulation material on the exterior side and an insulation layer made of wood fiber insulation material on the interior side as the multi-layer insulation layer, the insulation layer made of plastic insulation material, which has high moisture permeability resistance, is placed on the exterior side, making it possible to thin the exterior material (the base coat can be 3 mm), resulting in a cheaper and lighter exterior insulated wall structure.

[0028] [Structure of the second insulation layer] Here, the structure of the second insulation layer 32 according to one embodiment will be described. Figure 6 shows an example of the structure of the second insulation layer 32 included in the externally insulated wall structure of the present invention. Figure 6(A) is an elevation view of a portion of the second insulation layer, showing the state in which the second insulation layer 32 is stretched in only two layers on a pillar or stud 211. Figure 6(B) is a perspective view of one of the multiple board insulation materials that make up the second insulation layer, Figure 6(C) is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a joint between adjacent board insulation materials in the width direction, and Figure 6(D) is a vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of a joint between adjacent board insulation materials in the height direction.

[0029] The second insulation layer 32 is preferably formed by arranging a plurality of rectangular board insulation materials 32a (e.g., wood fiber board insulation materials) in a tiled pattern, and adjacent board insulation materials 32a in the height and width directions are preferably connected by tongue and groove joints in order to maintain airtightness and ensure ease of installation. As shown in Figure 6(B), each of the plurality of board insulation materials 32a has a tongue (convex portion) 321a on its upper end surface, a tongue 321b on one side end surface, a groove (concave portion) 322a on its lower end surface corresponding to the tongue 321a, and a groove 322b on the other side end surface corresponding to the tongue 321b.

[0030] The width of the grooves 321a and 321b can be narrower than the thickness of the board insulation 32a and shorter than the top and side end faces of the board insulation, and the length of the protrusions from each end face is not limited. The grooves 321a and 321b can be, for example, 20 mm wide and 30 mm long. The grooves 321a and 322a may have a trapezoidal cross section as shown by the dotted line in Figure 6(D) to prevent damage.

[0031] Adjacent board insulation materials 32a in the width direction are connected at connecting portion 323 by inserting the portion 321b of one board insulation material 32a into the groove 322b of the adjacent board insulation material 32a, as shown in Figure 6(C). Adjacent board insulation materials 32a in the height direction are connected at connecting portion 326 by inserting the portion 321a of one board insulation material 32a into the groove 322a of the adjacent board insulation material 32a, as shown in Figure 6(D).

[0032] As shown in FIG. 6(A), the multiple board insulation materials 32a are attached to the pillars or studs 211 so that the connecting portions 323 are positioned so that they do not correspond to the pillars or studs 211. Also, as shown in FIG. 6(A), where the multiple board insulation materials 32a are arranged in two tiers, it is preferable that the connecting portions 323 of the multiple board insulation materials 32a in the upper tier are offset from each other so that they do not coincide with the connecting portions 323 of the multiple board insulation materials 32a in the lower tier, i.e., the multiple board insulation materials 32a are installed in a "horse-mounted" manner. However, the arrangement of the multiple board insulation materials 32a is not limited to this, and if necessary, the multiple board insulation materials 32a may be installed so that the connecting portions 323 of the upper tier coincide with the connecting portions 323 of the lower tier, i.e., they may be installed in a "potato-mounted" manner. Each board insulation material 32a is attached to the pillars or studs 211 with fasteners 37 at a position that does not correspond to the connecting portions 323. The fixing device 37 may be any device known to those skilled in the art, for example, a plastic washer with a diameter of 50 mm and a stainless steel screw.

[0033] In this way, as shown in FIG. 6(A), a plurality of board insulation materials 32a are connected in a tiled manner by horse glueing, thereby forming the second insulation layer 32. The first insulating layer 31 is also attached to the pillar or stud 211 by using known fasteners 37 that penetrate the second insulating layer 32 .

[0034]

[0033] Figure 7 shows another example of the structure of the second insulation layer 32 included in the externally insulated wall structure of the present invention. Figure 7(A) is a perspective view of one of the multiple board insulation materials that make up the second insulation layer, Figure 7(B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of the joint between adjacent board insulation materials in the height direction, Figure 7(C) is a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of the joint between adjacent board insulation materials in the height direction, and Figure 7(D) is a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of the joint between adjacent board insulation materials in the width direction. By arranging and connecting multiple rectangular board insulation materials shown in Figure 7(A) in a tile-like manner, the second insulation layer 32 is formed as shown in Figure 6(A).

[0035] As shown in Fig. 7(A), each of the plurality of board insulation materials 32a has a protrusion 321 on one side end surface, a groove 322 on the other side end surface corresponding to the protrusion 321, and grooves 324a and 324b on the upper and lower end surfaces, respectively. The size of the protrusion 321 can be the same as the protrusion 321b shown in Fig. 6(B).

[0036] Adjacent board insulation materials 32a in the width direction are connected at the connecting portion 323 by inserting the ball 321 of one board insulation material 32a into the groove 322 of the adjacent board insulation material 32a, as shown in Figure 7(D).

[0037] On the other hand, adjacent board insulation materials 32a in the vertical direction are connected at connecting portions 326 via rod-shaped members 325 that are thicker than the depth of grooves 324a, 324b, as shown in Figures 7(B) and 7(C). More specifically, when two board insulation materials 32a are placed adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, a rod-shaped member 325 having a shape corresponding to the rectangular cross-sectional space formed by groove 324a formed in the upper end surface of the lower board insulation material 32a and groove 324b formed in the lower end surface of the upper board insulation material 32a is placed in the space. By connecting the board insulation materials 32a in this manner at connecting portions 326, airtightness and thermal insulation between the multiple board insulation materials 32a can be ensured.

[0038] The rod-shaped member 325 can be formed using, but is not limited to, a wood fiber member, a foamed plastic insulation material, a plastic extrusion material, etc. From the standpoints of ease of securing the shape, shape retention, ease of material procurement, etc., it is preferable to form the rod-shaped member 325 by appropriately cutting the plastic insulation material used as the first insulation layer 31.

[0039] As shown in Fig. 7(D), grooves 324a and 324b are preferably wider than joints 321 and grooves 322 indicated by dotted lines. This creates a gap between rod-shaped members 325 arranged in the space formed by grooves 324a and 324b and joints 321 and grooves 322, and this gap serves as a still air layer, further improving airtightness and heat insulation. It is more preferable that one rod-shaped member 325 straddles connecting portion 323 and is arranged in the space formed by grooves 324a and 324b, thereby further improving airtightness.

[0040] [Exterior materials] As shown in FIG. 2, the exterior material 41, which is placed on the outdoor side of the multi-layer insulation layer 30, more specifically, on the outdoor side of the first insulation layer 31, includes a base coat 411, a mesh 412, a primer 413, and a top coat 414. Specifically, the base coat 411 is applied to the outdoor surface of the first insulation layer 31. The base coat 411 is preferably a cement-based material with excellent adhesiveness and elasticity. Impact resistance and crack resistance are provided by laying a fiberglass mesh 412 under the base coat 411 and then applying another base coat 411. The thickness of the base coat 411 is preferably 3 mm. Note that the "thickness of 3 mm" does not mean exactly 3 mm, but rather includes construction tolerances.

[0041] A water vapor permeable primer 413 is applied to the outside of the base coat 411. The primer 413 improves adhesion between the base coat 411 and a top coat 414, which will be described later. A cement-free organic finishing plaster top coat 414 is applied to the primer 413. The thickness of the top coat 414 is not limited, but can be, for example, about 1 mm.

[0042] The exterior material 41 configured as described above has high elasticity, allowing it to follow the rocking of the structure 2 and prevent cracking, while also providing an exterior wall that is highly weather-resistant, highly waterproof, and stain-resistant. The applicant of the present application sells exterior materials 41 with such functions, for example, under the trade names "Sto Rotor Sun" and "Sto Lit." It is preferable that a water drain 42 be provided at the bottom end of the exterior material 41 to prevent water flowing along the outer surface of the exterior material 41 from flowing inside the building.

[0043] [Structural surface material] A structural facing 215 is disposed on the indoor side of the multi-layer insulation layer 30, more specifically, on the indoor side of the second insulation layer 32. The structural facing 215 is a plate-like material that can withstand horizontal forces on the building and that can transmit moisture from the interior to the exterior. The structural facing 215 can be, but is not limited to, a thin, rigid board such as medium-density fiberboard, structural plywood, volcanic vitreous multi-ply board, structural wood board, calcium silicate board, or gypsum board. For example, a 9 mm-thick medium-density fiberboard is preferably used. The structural facing 215 is formed by joining multiple plate-like materials, and the airtightness of the building can be increased by applying airtight tape to the joints between the plate-like materials.

[0044] A moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 35 (for example, Tyvek, manufactured by DuPont) having a thickness of 0.16 mm can be stretched between the structural facing 215 and the second insulating layer 32. The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 35 prevents rainwater from wetting the indoor components and allows water vapor that has permeated from the indoors to reach the second insulating layer 32. As mentioned above, it is difficult to maintain construction accuracy with the waterproof and airtight sheet of Patent Document 1, but the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 35 is stretched over the plate-shaped structural facing 215, making it easier to work with and enabling construction accuracy to be maintained.

[0045] [Interior thermal insulation layer] The space between the structural members of the skeleton 2 is filled with a third insulation layer 33, which is an internal insulation layer 33. More specifically, the third insulation layer 33 is arranged in a space surrounded by the structural members of the framework 21 of the skeleton 2, that is, the columns or studs 211, girders 213, support members 214, and structural surface materials 215. In the case of a building with a frame structure, the third insulation layer 33 is arranged in a space surrounded by the structural members of the framework, that is, the vertical and horizontal frames, foundation, girders, and structural surface materials.

[0046] The third insulating layer 33 is preferably an insulating layer formed of a wood fiber insulating material that has a larger heat capacity and higher moisture permeability than the first insulating layer 31. For example, but not limited to, the third insulating layer 33 may be formed of a wood fiber insulating material having a density of 55 kg / cm 3 The third insulation layer 33 can be a mat-like wood fiber insulation material with a thermal conductivity of 0.040 W / (m·k), and its thickness can be, for example, 90 mm, 100 mm, or 120 mm depending on the thickness of the framework 21. In some humid or warm regions, the third insulation layer 33 can be an air layer without being filled with insulation material. By providing a multi-layer insulation layer 30 on the outdoor side of the framework 2 and providing a third insulation layer 33 made of wood fiber insulation material in the spaces between the structural members of the framework 2, it is possible to adjust the humidity within the wall structure throughout the year and suppress internal condensation.

[0047] [Interior base material] The interior base material 44 is disposed on the indoor side of the third insulation layer 33. More specifically, the interior base material 44 is stretched over the structural members of the framework 21 of the skeleton 2, namely, the columns or studs 211, the beams 213, and the support members 214. The upper end of the interior base material 44 is preferably stretched over the indoor surface of the beams 213 and the lower end is stretched over the support members 214, thereby sealing the spaces between the structural members filled with the insulating material of the third insulation layer 33 and improving airtightness. The interior base material 44 is not limited to any material, and may be, for example, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, flexible board, plywood, or the like, depending on the purpose of the room. The thickness of the interior base material 44 is not limited to any material, and may be, for example, approximately 12.5 mm for gypsum board. The indoor side of the interior base material 44 can be finished with wallpaper, plaster, paint, or other materials.

[0048] [Fundamental structure] Structure 1A has a foundation structure that supports the exterior walls and skeleton 2. The foundation structure includes foundation beams 23, a foundation insulation layer 34 located on the outdoor side of the foundation beams 23, and foundation exterior material 43 located on the outdoor side of the foundation insulation layer 34. The foundation insulation layer 34 can be, but is not limited to, a termite-resistant plastic insulation material (manufactured by JSP, product name Mira Polyca Foam) with a thickness of 50 mm and a thermal conductivity of 0.040 W / (m·K) or less. By locating the foundation insulation layer 34 on the outdoor side of the foundation beams 23, the foundation space is warmer, resulting in lower humidity and drier conditions throughout the year compared to buildings that use floor insulation. In summer, the space is cooler than in buildings with floor insulation because heat is lost to the space under the floor.

[0049] In structure 1A, the upper end surface of the basic insulation layer 34 is positioned so as to contact the lower end surface of the multi-layer insulation layer 30. Therefore, outdoor heat can be effectively blocked between the basic insulation layer 34 and the first and second insulation layers 31 and 32, and no thermal bridges are formed.

[0050] The foundation beams 23 have a thickness of, but not limited to, 150 mm, and the bases 212 are placed on their upper surfaces. Joists 221 are placed between adjacent bases 212, and floor plywood 223 is placed on the bases 212 and joists 221.

[0051] [About heat capacity] Structure 1A is composed of, from the indoor side to the outdoor side, an interior underlayment 44, a third insulation layer (internal insulation layer 33), a structural panel 215, a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 35 (if necessary), a second insulation layer 32, a first insulation layer 31, and an exterior material 41, arranged in this order. Structure 1A thus has a thick wall structure using multiple insulation layers, resulting in a large thermal capacity. Furthermore, using materials with high density, specific heat, and weight, such as wood fiber-based materials, for the second insulation layer 32, the third insulation layer 33, and the structural panel 215 results in a wall structure with even larger thermal capacity. By constructing a wall structure with a large thermal capacity, Structure 1A suppresses significant fluctuations in room temperature, ensuring comfort. Furthermore, because the rise and fall of indoor temperatures follow the rise and fall of outdoor air temperatures with a delay in both summer and winter, a time lag occurs between daytime and nighttime peak temperatures, mitigating the temperature difference between daytime and nighttime. This results in a highly energy-efficient building.

[0052] [About the humidity control function] Structure 1A has the above-described structure from the indoor side toward the outdoor side, i.e., the more vapor-permeable exterior material 41 is placed outside the first insulation layer 31. Therefore, in winter, indoor wet flow, which is high in temperature and water vapor pressure and flows from the indoors to the outdoors, passes through the first insulation layer 31 and is discharged from the exterior material 41 to the outdoors. On the other hand, in summer, outdoor wet flow, which is high in temperature and water vapor pressure and flows from the outdoors to the indoors, passes through the exterior material 41 and is blocked by the first insulation layer 31, which has lower vapor permeability, and only a small amount reaches the indoors. Note that by increasing the vapor permeation resistance of the first insulation layer 31, wet flow into the indoors can be further reduced.

[0053] [Airtightness] Structure 1A has exterior material 41 on the outdoor side, and on the indoor side, interior base material 44 is placed overlapping support material 214 and beams 213, ensuring airtightness. Furthermore, by using a butt joint for second insulation layer 32, airtightness of Structure 1A is further improved. Additionally, by offsetting the joints between the multiple insulation materials that make up first insulation layer 31 and the multiple insulation materials that make up second insulation layer 32, airtightness is further improved. Other methods for improving airtightness include applying airtight tape to the joints between multiple structural facings 215, ensuring that multiple moisture-permeable waterproof sheets 35 are lapped, and placing floor plywood 223 on the base 212 and beams 213 to prevent airflow from below.

[0054] (Second embodiment) Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a portion of an externally insulated wall structure 1B (hereinafter referred to as Structure 1B) according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is used in a wooden building with a frame structure. Figure 4 is also a view of a portion of Structure 1B, with Figure 4(A) being an exploded perspective view of a portion of Structure 1B and Figure 4(B) being a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of Structure 1B. Like Structure 1A, Structure 1B can also be used in steel-framed buildings, not just frame structures. The following mainly describes the differences from the first embodiment.

[0055] Structure 1B is similar to Structure 1A in that it includes an exterior wall arranged on the outdoor side of the skeleton 2, an internal insulation layer 33 arranged in part of the space between the structural members of the skeleton 2, and an interior base material 44 arranged on the indoor side of the skeleton 2. The exterior wall includes a multi-layer insulation layer 30 and an exterior material 41 arranged in this order from the skeleton 2 toward the outdoor side.

[0056] In Structure 1A, the first insulation layer 31 and the second insulation layer 32 are arranged in that order from the outdoor side, but in Structure 1B, the order of the first insulation layer 31 and the second insulation layer 32 is reversed, with the second insulation layer 32 arranged on the indoor side of the exterior material 41 and the first insulation layer 31 arranged on the indoor side of that. Details of the first insulation layer 31 and the second insulation layer 32 are as described in the explanation of Structure 1A.

[0057] In Structure 1A, a third insulation layer 33, such as a wood fiber insulation material, is placed in the spaces between the structural members of the framework 2. However, in Structure 1B, the third insulation layer 33 can be an air layer. The interior base material 44, located on the indoor side of the framework 2, is positioned so that its edges overlap structural members, such as columns or studs 211, beams 213, and support members 214. This creates a sealed air layer 45 in the space between these structural members. The sealed air layer is made of air, which has low thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity of 0.024 W / (m·K)), providing high thermal insulation. Furthermore, the sealed air layer provides a distance corresponding to the thickness of the framework 21 between the structural surface material 215 and the interior base material 44. Therefore, neither heat transfer nor convection occurs between the two, and only radiant heat transfer occurs.

[0058] In this embodiment, if necessary, instead of an air layer, wood fiber insulation material similar to that in the first embodiment can be filled to form a third insulation layer 33. In this case, however, Structures 1A and 1B differ in the order of the multiple insulation layers in the multi-layer insulation layer 30. In Structure 1B, a second insulation layer 32, which has higher moisture permeability than the first insulation layer 31, is positioned on the outdoor side, allowing indoor water vapor to be discharged to the outdoors more smoothly than in Structure 1A.

[0059] In Structure 1B, the thickness of the base coat 411 is preferably 7 mm (on the other hand, in Structure 1A, the thickness of the base coat 411 is preferably 3 mm). The exterior material 41 has a higher moisture permeability resistance when the base coat 411 is thicker. Therefore, in summer, when the outdoor water vapor pressure is high, the exterior material 41 is less permeable to moisture, and any moisture that does pass through is absorbed by the highly hygroscopic second insulation layer 32, resulting in less moisture transmission to the first insulation layer 31. In winter, when the indoor water vapor pressure is higher than that outside, the second insulation layer 32, which has higher moisture permeability than the first insulation layer 31, smoothly expels moisture to the outdoors. Furthermore, by thickening the base coat 411, the elasticity of the adjacent second insulation layer 32, which is preferably made of wood fiber insulation, can be matched to prevent cracks from occurring.

[0060] The second insulation layer 32, which has a larger heat capacity, functions as a heat storage tank. By arranging this second insulation layer 32 on the outdoor side of the first insulation layer 31, in winter the second insulation layer 32 stores solar heat and heat from indoors, suppressing the heat flow from indoors to outdoors, suppressing indoor thermal fluctuations, and providing an energy-saving and comfortable indoor environment. In summer, the second insulation layer 32 stores outdoor heat and slows down heat conduction to the first insulation layer 31, mitigating indoor temperature differences and providing an energy-saving thermal environment. The heat stored in the second insulation layer 32 is released at night when the outdoor temperature drops.

[0061] The wood fiber-based second insulation layer 32, which is placed in contact with the exterior material 41, uses its porosity to absorb sound waves that pass through the exterior material 41, suppressing the propagation of sound to the indoor side. When wood fiber-based insulation material is used as the third insulation layer 33, the porosity of the wood fiber absorbs sound and reduces resonance caused by vibrations of the frame 21 and interior base material 44, preventing noise.

[0062] (Third embodiment) Figure 5 shows an externally insulated wall structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, used for a wooden building with a frame structure. These structures have a multi-layer insulation layer 30 including a first insulation layer 31 and a second insulation layer 32, the same as those included in structure 1A, and two second insulation layers 32, for a total of three insulation layers. Below, differences from the first or second embodiment will be mainly described.

[0063] Figure 5(A) shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of an exterior-insulated wall structure 1C (hereinafter referred to as structure 1C). Structure 1C includes a multi-layer insulation layer 30, in which one first insulation layer 31 and two second insulation layers 32 are arranged in this order from the outdoor side. Figure 5(B) shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of an exterior-insulated wall structure 1D (hereinafter referred to as structure 1D), in which structure 1D includes a multi-layer insulation layer 30, in which one second insulation layer 32, one first insulation layer 31, and one second insulation layer 32 are arranged in this order from the outdoor side.

[0064] In structure 1A shown in Fig. 1, a first insulation layer 31 is arranged on the indoor side of the exterior material 41, and one second insulation layer 32 is arranged on the indoor side of that, but in structure 1C shown in Fig. 5(A), the multi-layer insulation layer 30 has two second insulation layers 32 and one first insulation layer 31 arranged on the outdoor side of the two second insulation layers. The two second insulation layers 32 are arranged one on top of the other with their main surfaces abutting each other, and each is preferably formed by arranging multiple rectangular board insulation materials in a tiled and horse-pasted pattern.

[0065] The two second insulation layers 32 in structure 1C can be made of board insulation 32a as shown in Figures 6 and 7, or can be made of multiple board insulation materials without grooves or grooves. When using multiple board insulation materials without grooves or grooves, airtightness can be ensured by positioning the height and width joints of adjacent board insulation materials in one second insulation layer 32 in a position offset from the height and width joints of the board insulation materials in the other second insulation layer 32. Furthermore, airtightness can be further improved by positioning the joints of the multiple insulation materials that make up the first insulation layer 31, which is located on the outdoor side of the second insulation layer 32, in a position offset from the joints of the two second insulation layers 32.

[0066] Next, in structure 1D shown in Figure 5(B), the multi-layer insulation layer 30 has a structure in which one first insulation layer 31 is arranged between two second insulation layers 32. Each of the two second insulation layers 32 is formed by arranging a plurality of rectangular board insulation materials in a tiled and horse-pasted pattern.

[0067] The two second insulation layers 32 in structure 1D can also use board insulation 32a as shown in Figures 6 and 7, or multiple board insulation materials without grooves. When multiple board insulation materials without grooves are used, airtightness can be ensured by arranging the joints of the multiple insulation materials constituting the first insulation layer 31 and the joints of the multiple board insulation materials constituting the second insulation layer located on the indoor side of the first insulation layer 31 in positions offset from each other. Furthermore, airtightness can be further improved by arranging the joints of the multiple board insulation materials of the second insulation layer 32 located on the outdoor side of the first insulation layer 31 in positions offset from the joints of the multiple insulation materials of the first insulation layer 31. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 1 Building 2 skeleton 21 Axis set 211 Pillars or studs 212 Foundation 213 digits 214 Received material 215 Structural facing material 22 Floor assembly 221 joist 222 Beam 223 Floor plywood 23 Foundation beam 3. Insulation layer 30 Double-layer insulation 31 First insulation layer 32 Second insulation layer 32a board insulation 321, 321a, 321b 322, 322a, 322b, 324a, 324b groove 323 Widthwise connection 325 Rod-shaped members 326 Vertical connection 33 Third insulation layer (insulation layer inside the structure) 34 Foundation insulation layer 35 Breathable waterproof sheet 37 Fixtures 4 Interior and exterior 41 Exterior materials 411 Base Coat 412 mesh 413 Primer 414 Top Coat 42 Water drainer 43 Basic exterior material 44 Interior underlayment

Claims

1. An exterior insulation wall structure using a wet adhesion method for a wooden building or a steel-framed building, An exterior wall that is arranged on the exterior side of a wooden or steel-framed building, facing the exterior of the building, and that has a multi-layer insulation layer that is composed of multiple insulation layers of different types that are in full contact with each other, and an exterior material that has a plaster wall that is made up of a base coat, mesh, and top coat, in that order. an internal insulation layer disposed in a space within the skeleton; an interior base material arranged on the indoor side of the skeleton and the thermal insulation layer inside the skeleton; Equipped with Each of the plurality of thermal insulation layers constituting the multilayer thermal insulation layer is continuous in the height direction and the width direction. The multi-layer insulation layer includes a plastic-based insulation material and a wood fiber-based insulation material. External insulated wall structure.

2. The multi-layer insulation layer has a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer having a larger heat capacity and higher moisture permeability than the first insulation layer. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 1.

3. The first insulation layer is formed of a plastic-based insulation material, and the second insulation layer is formed of a wood fiber-based insulation material. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 2.

4. The first insulation layer is disposed on the indoor side of the exterior cladding material, and the second insulation layer is disposed on the indoor side of the first insulation layer. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 2.

5. The first insulation layer is disposed on the outdoor side of the building body, and the second insulation layer is disposed on the outdoor side of the first insulation layer. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 2.

6. The thickness of the base coat is 3 mm.

5. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 4.

7. The multi-layer insulation layer has a first insulation layer and two second insulation layers having a larger heat capacity and higher moisture permeability than the first insulation layer, The two second insulation layers are both arranged on the indoor side of the first insulation layer. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 1.

8. The multi-layer insulation layer has a first insulation layer and two second insulation layers having a larger heat capacity and higher moisture permeability than the first insulation layer, The first insulating layer is disposed between two of the second insulating layers. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 1.

9. The thermal insulation layer inside the structure is formed of wood fiber-based thermal insulation material. The externally insulated wall structure according to claim 4 or claim 5.

10. The heat insulating layer inside the structure is formed by stretching the interior base material over the structure so as to seal an air layer in the space inside the structure. The exterior insulated wall structure according to claim 5.

11. The first insulation layer is formed of bead-method polystyrene foam, and the second insulation layer is formed of wood fiber board insulation material. The externally insulated wall structure according to claim 2 or 3.

12. The second insulation layer is formed by arranging a plurality of rectangular board insulation materials in a tiled pattern, The board insulation materials adjacent in the width direction are connected by a tongue-and-groove joint in which a tongue formed on an end surface of one of the board insulation materials itself is inserted into a groove formed on the opposing end surface of the other board insulation material itself. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 2.

13. The connecting portions of adjacent board insulation materials of the plurality of board insulation materials are arranged at positions that do not correspond to the structural members of the frame, 13. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 12.

14. The board insulation materials adjacent in the height direction are connected by a tongue and groove joint in which a tongue formed on an end surface of one of the board insulation materials itself is inserted into a groove formed on the opposing end surface of the other board insulation material itself. The externally insulated wall structure according to claim 12 or 13.

15. Each of the board insulation materials has grooves on two end surfaces in the height direction among four end surfaces, A rod-shaped member having a shape corresponding to the space formed by the two grooves when the board insulation materials are adjacent in the height direction is disposed in the space. The externally insulated wall structure according to claim 12 or 13.

16. The rod-shaped member is formed of the same insulating material as the insulating material that forms the first insulating layer.

16. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 15.

17. The plurality of board insulation materials are laid out by horse-stretching.

13. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 12.

18. Further, a foundation structure is provided in which a foundation insulation layer and a foundation exterior material are arranged in this order toward the outdoor side of the foundation beam, The lower end surface of the multilayer insulation layer and the upper end surface of the basic insulation layer abut against each other. The exterior insulated wall structure of claim 1.

19. The thickness of the base coat is 7 mm. The exterior insulated wall structure according to claim 5.

Images