Pulmonary artery model for training pulmonary artery surgical procedures and its manufacturing method

Abstract

To provide a lung artery model that enables learning an operation with sense of urgency in a training of a surgical technique of a lung artery, and to provide a manufacturing method for the lung artery model.SOLUTION: A lung artery model 10 comprises: a lung artery part 12 that is made of a two-layer structure in which an inner layer part 12a and an outer layer 12b adhering to each other on a front surface of the inner layer part 12a; and a peripheral tissue part 14 that simulates a lung to which the lung artery part 12 is caused to adhere and attach. Therein: the inner layer part simulates a lung artery primary stem and a lung artery branch formed by gelatinizing a mixed solution of a polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble polysaccharide; and the outer layer is formed by gelatinizing a coating formed of the mixed solution of the polyvinyl alcohol and the water-soluble polysaccharide, and simulates a vascular sheath enclosing the inner layer 12a. Use of the lung artery model 10 enables an operation with sense of urgency to be learned in a training of a surgical technique of the lung artery.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a pulmonary artery model used for training surgical procedures related to the pulmonary artery, and a method for producing the same. [Background technology]

[0002] One method of practicing and training surgical techniques in the medical field is to use artificial simulators (such as blood vessel models). In lung surgery, pulmonary vascular manipulation (manipulation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein) is the most important surgical procedure. In particular, the pulmonary artery is known as a low-pressure blood vessel, and unlike other blood vessels, it is characterized by being extremely fragile. Since incorrect manipulation can result in fatal bleeding, it is essential for pulmonary surgeons to recognize the special characteristics of the pulmonary artery and to master not only the techniques but also the sense of danger. Therefore, a model that allows training in pulmonary artery manipulation (surgical procedures) is needed. Currently, a model that allows training in simulated vascular dissection is available (Non-Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Non-Patent Document 1] Wetlab Co., Ltd., "Vascular Model", "Gallery" Video "Pseudo-Vascular Dissection", [online], [Retrieved August 7, 2023], Internet<URL:https: / / www.wetlab.jp / model / blood-vessel-model / > Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Non-Patent Document 1 contains a video recording a training session for simulated vascular dissection using a vascular model. The vascular model described in Non-Patent Document 1 allows for practice of general vascular dissection and anastomosis. However, because it does not have the structural characteristics and vascular fragility specific to pulmonary arteries, it cannot be used for training in surgical techniques for pulmonary artery processing.

[0005] The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a pulmonary artery model that allows training in surgical procedures related to the pulmonary artery to acquire operations with a sense of urgency, and a method for manufacturing the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present invention For training in pulmonary artery surgery The pulmonary artery model is This pulmonary artery model allows training in pulmonary vascular manipulation, which is essential in lung surgery. The inner layer, which mimics the main trunk and branches of the pulmonary artery, is formed by gelling a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides, and a coating made of a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides is formed on the surface of the inner layer by gelling. Or, the polyvinyl alcohol in the coating can be molded without gelling. The pulmonary artery section has a two-layer structure with an outer layer that mimics the vascular sheath that encases the inner layer, and a lung-like structure that mimics the pulmonary artery section that is attached by gluing it together. , formed from polyvinyl alcohol With surrounding organizations After adhering to the surrounding tissue, the artificial blood is filled into the lumen of the pulmonary artery. Equipped with A recess for fitting the pulmonary artery portion is formed in the surrounding tissue portion, and a pulmonary artery portion forming tool in which the pulmonary artery portion is formed using a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder is placed in the recess in the surrounding tissue portion, and the polyvinyl alcohol solution is gelled to bond and integrate the outer layer of the pulmonary artery portion with the surrounding tissue portion, allowing the patient to experience the fragility of the pulmonary artery during pulmonary vascular manipulation and to acquire a sense of danger in surgical procedures involving the pulmonary artery. It is designed to allow this. In addition, the peripheral tissue portion is provided with a base for adjusting the direction and inclination angle of the peripheral tissue portion. In addition, a fake blood injection section is provided at the end of one of the pulmonary artery branches of the pulmonary artery model, and fake blood is filled in after pulmonary blood vessel manipulation, allowing for the work of checking for damaged areas caused by pulmonary blood vessel manipulation.

[0007] The present invention For training in pulmonary artery surgery The method for producing the pulmonary artery model includes: A method for manufacturing a pulmonary artery model that allows training in pulmonary vascular manipulation, which is essential in pulmonary surgery, A mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides is gelled to form an inner layer simulating the main trunk and branches of the pulmonary artery, and a coating formed of the mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides is gelled on the surface of the inner layer. or does not gel the polyvinyl alcohol in the coating, An outer layer was molded to mimic the vascular sheath that encases the inner layer, and a pulmonary artery was molded with a two-layer structure in which the outer and inner layers are bonded together to mimic the lungs. Made from polyvinyl alcohol To the surrounding organization department A recess for fitting the pulmonary artery is formed, and a pulmonary artery forming tool with the pulmonary artery formed using polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder is placed in the recess of the surrounding tissue. The polyvinyl alcohol solution is gelled to bond and integrate the outer layer of the pulmonary artery with the surrounding tissue. After bonding, artificial blood is filled into the lumen of the pulmonary artery, allowing the patient to experience the fragility of the pulmonary artery during pulmonary vascular manipulation and to acquire a sense of danger in surgical procedures involving the pulmonary artery.It is designed to allow this. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The pulmonary artery model and its manufacturing method of the present invention mimic the unique structural characteristics and vascular fragility of the pulmonary artery. This allows for the acquisition of risk-sensitive operations during training in pulmonary artery surgical procedures. Furthermore, it allows for training in a series of pulmonary vascular operations essential for pulmonary surgery, including (a) vascular sheath dissection of the main pulmonary artery and securing the vessel, (b) vascular sheath dissection of a large pulmonary artery branch and subsequent vascular securing, followed by (vascular) sectioning with an automatic suturing device, and (c) vascular sheath dissection of a small pulmonary artery branch and subsequent vascular securing, followed by suture ligation and sectioning. It also allows for training in surgical anastomosis of the separated vessels. By mounting the pulmonary artery model of the present invention on a base, it is possible to reproduce the pulmonary artery in a position suited to the surgical procedure. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a pulmonary artery model of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the pulmonary artery model of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1 is a photograph showing the state in which the pulmonary artery model of the present invention is filled with artificial blood. [Figure 4] 10 is a photograph of the pulmonary artery forming tool 16. [Figure 5] 10 is a photograph of a mold 18 for forming the surrounding tissue portion. [Figure 6] Photographs showing the training of vascular sheath ablation of a large pulmonary artery branch using the pulmonary artery model of FIG. 1. [Figure 7] 7 is a photograph showing training in the operation of dissection using an automatic stapler after securing the blood vessel, which was carried out following the dissection operation in FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 8 is a photograph showing the operation of checking the damaged part by the operation of FIG. 7. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the base of the pulmonary artery model of FIG. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present invention allows training in surgical procedures involving the pulmonary artery to be performed with a sense of urgency. [Example]

[0011] The inventors of the present application have invented a pulmonary artery model that is instantly damaged if improperly manipulated, with a view to training pulmonary artery manipulation, particularly to acquiring a sense of danger. The pulmonary artery model of the present invention and its manufacturing method will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a plan view showing the pulmonary artery model of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the pulmonary artery model of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a photograph showing the pulmonary artery model filled with artificial blood. Fig. 4 is a photograph of the pulmonary artery portion forming tool 16. Fig. 5 is a photograph of the mold 18 for forming the surrounding tissue portion. The pulmonary artery model 10 of the present invention comprises a pulmonary artery portion 12 and a surrounding tissue portion 14 to which the pulmonary artery portion 12 is attached by adhesive. The pulmonary artery portion 12 has a two-layer structure in which an inner layer portion 12a, which imitates the main trunk and branches of the pulmonary artery and is formed by gelling a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides, and an outer layer portion 12b, which imitates the vascular sheath that surrounds the inner layer portion 12a, are bonded together (Figures 1 to 3). The outer layer portion 12b is formed by gelling a coating formed on the surface of the inner layer portion 12a from a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides. The surrounding tissue portion 14 is modeled after the lungs (FIGS. 1 to 3).

[0012] An example of forming a pulmonary artery model of the present invention will be described. (Regarding molding of the inner layer portion 12a) The inner layer 12a of the pulmonary artery 12 (a model mimicking the human main pulmonary artery and its branches) is formed by immersing a pulmonary artery forming tool 16 (Figure 4), which has a shape that mimics the lumen 12e of the main pulmonary artery and its branches, in a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides and then removing it to form a coating on the surface of the pulmonary artery forming tool 16, crosslinking and gelling the water-soluble polysaccharides in the coating, repeatedly freezing and thawing the water-soluble polysaccharide-gelled coating to crosslink and gel the polyvinyl alcohol in the coating, and removing the gelled coating from the pulmonary artery forming tool 16. The degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol, the concentration of the water-soluble polysaccharides, and the number of freeze-thaw cycles are selected depending on the fragility of the human pulmonary artery that the inner layer 12 mimics, resulting in an inner layer 12a with elasticity and a texture similar to that of a human pulmonary artery. 4 has five branches branching off from the main trunk, but this is not limitative.Further branches may be provided that branch off from the branches.

[0013] (Molding of outer layer portion 12b) The pulmonary artery forming tool 16 on which the inner layer portion 12a is to be formed is immersed in a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides and then pulled out, forming a new coating on the surface of the inner layer portion 12a, crosslinking and gelling the water-soluble polysaccharides in the new coating that is formed, and then crosslinking and gelling the polyvinyl alcohol to form an outer layer portion 12b that resembles a vascular sheath that encases the inner layer portion. By forming outer layer portion 12b, it is possible to form pulmonary artery portion 12 having a two-layer structure in which outer layer portion 12b is bonded to inner layer portion 12a. Furthermore, outer layer portion 12b is formed so as to be peelable from inner layer portion 12a.

[0014] A mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble polysaccharide can be prepared by a known method, for example, by adding polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble polysaccharide to water while stirring, heating the mixture to 90 to 95°C, and stirring until the mixture is dissolved.

[0015] The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 5 to 15% by mass, and the concentration of water-soluble polysaccharide is preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass, but is not limited thereto. The concentrations are adjusted according to the simulated human pulmonary artery.

[0016] The degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably an average degree of polymerization of 1000 to 3000, and the degree of saponification is preferably 98 mol % or more, from the viewpoint of approximating the elasticity and feel of the simulated human pulmonary artery.

[0017] The water-soluble polysaccharide may be any polysaccharide capable of gelling. Examples of water-soluble polysaccharides include agarose, alginic acid, alginates (sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, etc.), carrageenan, glucomannan, gellan gum, low-methoxyl pectin, and derivatives thereof. Further examples include agar, konjac flour, and the like, which are essentially composed of the above water-soluble polysaccharides as their main components.

[0018] Next, an example of forming the surrounding tissue portion 14 will be described. (Regarding the formation of the peripheral tissue portion 14) The surrounding tissue portion 14 is formed from a soft material that can be adhered to the pulmonary artery portion 12. In this embodiment, polyvinyl alcohol, which is the same material as the pulmonary artery portion 12, is used from the viewpoint of handling. A polyvinyl alcohol solution is poured into a mold 18 (FIG. 5) for forming the peripheral tissue portion 14, and the poured polyvinyl alcohol is frozen and thawed to gel. The gelled polyvinyl alcohol forms the peripheral tissue portion 14. The peripheral tissue portion 14 is removed from the mold 18 and used. A recess 14a (FIG. 2) into which the pulmonary artery portion 12 is fitted is formed in the surrounding tissue portion 14. A protrusion modeled after the pulmonary artery portion 12 is provided on the bottom surface (inner bottom) of the mold 18 in FIG. 5 to form the recess 14a into which the pulmonary artery portion 12 is fitted in the surrounding tissue portion 14.

[0019] An example of how to prepare the pulmonary artery model 10 will be described. (Production Example 1) (1) Preparation of materials Polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 1500 to 1800, degree of saponification 98 mol % or more) was added to distilled water, and the mixture was stirred while heating to dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol, thereby preparing a 10 mass % polyvinyl alcohol solution A. Sodium alginate was added to 10% by mass polyvinyl alcohol solution A and stirred to dissolve the sodium alginate, thereby preparing a mixed solution B containing 10% by mass polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2% by mass sodium alginate. Distilled water was added to the 10% by mass polyvinyl alcohol solution A to dilute it, and a pale orange coloring agent was added to prepare a 7% by mass polyvinyl alcohol solution C colored pale orange.

[0020] (2) Molding step of the inner layer portion 12a The pulmonary artery portion forming tool 16 was immersed in a mixed solution B containing 10% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2% by mass of sodium alginate and then removed, forming a coating on the surface of the pulmonary artery portion forming tool 16. The pulmonary artery portion forming tool 16 with the coating formed thereon was then immersed in a 1% by mass aqueous solution D of calcium chloride for 3 minutes, crosslinking the water-soluble polysaccharides in the coating to form a gel, and then removed. The coating formed on the pulmonary artery portion forming tool 16 was then frozen overnight at -20°C in a freezer and then thawed at room temperature, crosslinking and gelling the polyvinyl alcohol in the coating. The gelling of the coating allowed the formation of the inner layer portion 12a.

[0021] (3) Molding step of outer layer portion 12b The pulmonary artery section forming tool 16 on which the inner layer section 12a (the gelled coating described in (2) above) had been formed was immersed in a mixed solution B containing 10% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2% by mass of sodium alginate and then removed, forming a new coating on the surface of the inner layer section 12a. Next, the pulmonary artery section forming tool 16 on which the new coating had been formed was immersed in a 1% by mass aqueous solution of calcium chloride D for 3 minutes, crosslinking the water-soluble polysaccharides in the new coating to form a gel, and then removed. The coating formed on the pulmonary artery section forming tool 16 was then frozen overnight at −20°C in a freezer and then thawed at room temperature to crosslink and gel the polyvinyl alcohol in the new coating. The gelling of the coating allowed the formation of an outer layer section 12b encasing the inner layer section 12a. At the same time, a two-layer pulmonary artery section 12 was formed on the surface of the pulmonary artery section forming tool 16, with the inner layer section 12a and the outer layer section 12b adhering to each other.

[0022] (4) Forming process of the peripheral tissue portion 14 A 7% by mass solution of polyvinyl alcohol C colored pale orange was poured into a mold 18 for forming the peripheral tissue portion 14. The solution C poured into the mold 18 was frozen at -20°C in a freezer overnight and then thawed at room temperature to gel. The gelled polyvinyl alcohol was removed from the mold 18 to obtain the peripheral tissue portion 14.

[0023] (5) Forming process of pulmonary artery model 10 An example of a means for adhering the pulmonary artery portion 12 to the surrounding tissue portion 14 will now be described. A pulmonary artery portion former 16, on which a pulmonary artery portion 12 was formed using a 10% by mass polyvinyl alcohol solution A as a binder, was placed in the recess 14a of the surrounding tissue portion 14, and the surrounding tissue portion 14 and the pulmonary artery portion 12 formed in the pulmonary artery portion former 16 were frozen overnight at -20°C in a freezer and then thawed at room temperature. Another round of freezing and thawing was repeated to gel the solution A. This resulted in the pulmonary artery portion 12 (outer layer 12b) and the surrounding tissue portion 14 being bonded together and integrated (Figure 2). The pulmonary artery portion former 16 was then removed (pulled out) from the inner layer 12a of the pulmonary artery portion 12, thereby forming the pulmonary artery model 10.

[0024] (When using the pulmonary artery model 10) A check valve (imitation blood injection section 12d) for filling with simulated blood is attached to one end of pulmonary artery section 12 (the end of the model of a thin pulmonary artery branch in Figure 1) using adhesive (Figures 1 and 3). The remaining end of the pulmonary artery section 12 is closed with adhesive (closed section 12c in FIG. 1, FIG. 3). Artificial blood is filled into the lumen 12e of the pulmonary artery section 12 from the check valve to obtain a pulmonary artery model 10 to be used for training surgical procedures related to the pulmonary artery. A three-way stopcock may be used for the simulated blood injecting section 12d. Furthermore, the artificial blood is not particularly limited, and water, oil, or colored versions of these can be used. Preservatives, stabilizers, thickeners, etc. may also be added. In the training shown in Figures 6 to 8, water is used as the artificial blood.

[0025] Using a pulmonary artery model 10 filled with simulated blood, monitors (four residents and two specialists, one of whom is the inventor of the present application) were asked to perform a series of pulmonary vascular operations essential in pulmonary surgery, including (a) vascular sheath dissection of the main pulmonary artery and securing the vessel, (b) vascular sheath dissection of a large pulmonary artery branch and (vascular) sectioning with an automatic suture device after securing the vessel (Figures 6 to 8), and (c) vascular sheath dissection of a small pulmonary artery branch and suture ligation and sectioning after securing the vessel, as well as anastomosis operations.All monitors evaluated the model as allowing them to experience the unique structural characteristics of human pulmonary arteries and the fragility of blood vessels (pulmonary arteries), and as a model that allows them to learn the sense of danger in surgical procedures involving the pulmonary artery. Figure 6 is a photograph showing the training in vascular sheath dissection of a large pulmonary artery branch using the pulmonary artery model of Figure 1. Figure 7 is a photograph showing the training in dissection using an automatic stapler after securing the blood vessel, which was performed following the dissection procedure of Figure 6. Figure 8 is a photograph showing the work of confirming the damaged area using the procedure of Figure 7.

[0026] In training using the pulmonary artery model of the present invention, the inner layer 12a (a model equivalent to the human pulmonary artery) had elasticity and a tactile sensation that allowed participants to experience the fragility of the human pulmonary artery and its branches. Since improper operation would immediately damage the inner layer 12a and cause simulated blood to leak out, it was necessary to pay close attention when operating the surgical instruments. It was found that the pulmonary artery model of the present invention allows participants to learn the sense of danger involved in pulmonary artery surgery.

[0027] When training in the operation of surgical instruments using the pulmonary artery model 10, if small damage was caused to the inner layer 12a (a model of the human pulmonary artery), the operation could be stopped, and after filling with artificial blood, the failed operation could be performed again. Furthermore, by filling the artificial blood after the cutting operation using the automatic stapler, it is possible to check whether the artificial blood has leaked from the inner layer portion 12a (whether there has been any damage due to the operation) (FIG. 8). In addition, the pulmonary artery branches of the pulmonary artery portion 12 in Figure 1 are formed with different thicknesses and branching angles. Because the thicknesses and branching angles of the main pulmonary artery and each branch are different, it is possible to practice and train various operations of surgical instruments according to the thickness and branching angle.

[0028] In this example, the thickness of the inner layer portion 12a was 0.1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the outer layer portion 12b was 0.1 to 2 mm. The monitor evaluated that the inner layer portion 12a and outer layer portion 12b of the pulmonary artery portion 12 appeared to be quite similar to the vascular wall and vascular sheath of a human pulmonary artery. However, the thickness of the vascular wall and vascular sheath of a human pulmonary artery varies from person to person, and the thicknesses of the inner layer portion 12a and outer layer portion 12b are not limited to the above numerical values.

[0029] (Production Example 2) Preparation Example 2 differs from Preparation Example 1 in the means for adhering pulmonary artery portion 12 to surrounding tissue portion 14. It differs from Preparation Example 1 in the following two points 1) and 2). 1) In the molding process of the outer layer portion 12b, the pulmonary artery portion molding tool 16, on which a new coating (outer layer portion 12b) has been formed on the surface of the inner layer portion 12a, is immersed in a 1% by mass aqueous solution D of calcium chloride for 3 minutes, crosslinking and gelling the water-soluble polysaccharides in the new coating, and then the tool is pulled up to form the outer layer portion 12b without gelling the polyvinyl alcohol in the new coating. 2) In the step of adhering outer layer portion 12b to surrounding tissue portion 14, pulmonary artery portion forming tool 16, on which pulmonary artery portion 12 was formed using 10% by mass polyvinyl alcohol solution A as a binder, was placed in recess 14a of surrounding tissue portion 14, and surrounding tissue portion 14 and pulmonary artery portion 12 formed in pulmonary artery portion forming tool 16 were frozen overnight at -20°C in a freezer and then thawed at room temperature. The freezing and thawing process was repeated two more times. This repeated freezing and thawing caused the polyvinyl alcohol binder and the polyvinyl alcohol in outer layer portion 12b to gel.

[0030] According to Preparation Example 2, outer layer portion 12b of pulmonary artery portion 12 adhered more strongly to surrounding tissue portion 14 and was integrated with surrounding tissue portion 14 than the adhesive means of Preparation Example 1. The monitors commented that operational training using pulmonary artery model 10 of Preparation Example 2 was less difficult than operational training using pulmonary artery model 10 of Preparation Example 1. It was found that by varying the adhesive strength between outer layer portion 12b and surrounding tissue portion 14, it is possible to vary the difficulty of training in surgical procedures using pulmonary artery model 10.

[0031] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the base of the pulmonary artery model of FIG. The peripheral tissue portion 14 may be provided with a base 20 for adjusting the direction and inclination angle of the peripheral tissue portion 14 (FIG. 9). During surgery, the patient is positioned according to the surgical procedure. By adjusting (changing) the direction and inclination angle of the pulmonary artery portion 12 attached to the surrounding tissue portion 14, the pulmonary artery during various lung surgical procedures can be reproduced. The base 20 in FIG. 9 is provided with a free platform 20a, which allows the surrounding tissue portion 14 to be freely moved in any direction, and the orientation and inclination of the pulmonary artery model 10 to be adjusted. [Explanation of symbols]

[0032] 10 Pulmonary Artery Model 12 Pulmonary artery 12a Inner layer 12b Outer layer 14 Peripheral Organization Department 20 pedestal

Claims

1. A pulmonary artery model for training in pulmonary vascular manipulation, which is essential in lung surgery, comprising an inner layer simulating the main trunk and branches of the pulmonary artery, which is formed by gelling a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides, and an outer layer simulating the vascular sheath that surrounds the inner layer, which is formed by gelling a coating formed on the surface of the inner layer with the mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides, or which is formed without gelling the polyvinyl alcohol in the coating, and a lung simulating the pulmonary artery, which is attached by gluing the pulmonary artery, and which has a two-layer structure made of polyvinyl alcohol. and artificial blood that is adhered to the surrounding tissue and then filled into the lumen of the pulmonary artery. A recess is formed in the surrounding tissue to fit the pulmonary artery. A pulmonary artery forming tool, on which the pulmonary artery is formed using a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder, is placed in the recess in the surrounding tissue. The polyvinyl alcohol solution is gelled to bond and integrate the outer layer of the pulmonary artery with the surrounding tissue, allowing participants to experience the fragility of the pulmonary artery when manipulating the pulmonary blood vessels and to acquire a sense of danger in surgical procedures involving the pulmonary artery.

2. 2. The pulmonary artery model for training surgical procedures on the pulmonary artery according to claim 1, wherein the surrounding tissue portion is provided with a base for adjusting the orientation and inclination angle of the surrounding tissue portion.

3. A method for manufacturing a pulmonary artery model for training in pulmonary vascular manipulation, which is essential in lung surgery, comprising: forming an inner layer simulating the main trunk and branches of the pulmonary artery by gelling a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides; forming an outer layer simulating a vascular sheath that surrounds the inner layer by gelling a coating formed from the mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides on the surface of the inner layer, or by not gelling the polyvinyl alcohol in the coating; forming a pulmonary artery part consisting of a two-layer structure in which the outer layer and the inner layer are adhered; and forming a pulmonary artery part simulating the lung by gelling a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble polysaccharides on the surface of the inner layer, a pulmonary artery forming tool in which a pulmonary artery portion is fitted using a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder is placed into the recess in the surrounding tissue portion; the polyvinyl alcohol solution is gelled to bond and integrate the outer layer of the pulmonary artery portion with the surrounding tissue portion; and after bonding, the lumen of the pulmonary artery portion is filled with artificial blood, thereby obtaining a pulmonary artery model that allows participants to experience the fragility of the pulmonary artery when manipulating the pulmonary blood vessels and to acquire a sense of danger in surgical procedures involving the pulmonary artery.

4. A pulmonary artery model for training in pulmonary artery surgical procedures, characterized in that a fake blood injection section is provided at the end of one of the pulmonary artery branches of the pulmonary artery model described in claim 1, fake blood is filled in after pulmonary vascular manipulation, and the damaged area caused by pulmonary vascular manipulation is confirmed.

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