Kit-of-parts for curable coating compositions based on polyaspartic acid esters

Abstract

The present invention relates to a component kit for preparing a curable coating composition, preferably a curable clearcoat coating composition, comprising an isocyanate-reactive compound (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound in a first container, a polyisocyanate (B) in a second container, and a solvent (S1) selected from monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols in a third container, wherein a UVA and / or HALS additive is optionally contained in the first and / or third container, and a second solvent (S2) is optionally contained in the second or third container. The present invention also relates to coating compositions prepared from the component kit, a method for preparing at least one coating on an optionally pretreated and optionally precoated substrate, and the coated substrate obtained from the method.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention provides a method for preparing a curable coating composition, preferably a curable clearcoat coating composition. Kit of Parts The present invention relates to a method for producing a coating composition comprising: a first container containing an isocyanate-reactive compound (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound; a second container containing a polyisocyanate (B); and a third container containing a solvent (S1) selected from monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols, wherein a UVA and / or HALS additive is optionally contained in the first and / or third container, and a second solvent (S2) is optionally contained in the second and / or third container. Kit of Parts and a method for preparing at least one coating on an optionally pretreated and optionally precoated substrate, and a coated substrate obtained from the method. [Background technology]

[0002] Coating compositions based on isocyanate chemistry are well known in the art and are used in a wide variety of applications in the coatings industry, including primers, basecoats, and clearcoats, as well as in high-quality applications such as automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and vehicle repair coatings. Isocyanate-based coating compositions include, for example, polyurethane or polyurea coatings formed from resins containing components such as diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, and / or isocyanate reaction products. These resins cure by various mechanisms to form covalent bonds between the resin components, thereby creating a crosslinked polymer network. Significant efforts have been made to develop coating compositions that impart desired properties to the substrate or article being coated. For example, coatings have been developed to provide protection against abrasion, chemicals, corrosion, thermal, or mechanical impact.

[0003] Polyurea coatings based on polyaspartic acid esters have been used commercially with considerable success in the automotive industry, particularly in vehicle refinishing applications, benefiting from the generally lower viscosity of aspartic acid ester compounds compared to polyols (the base component of polyurethane coating compositions) and the high reactivity of the amino groups of aspartic acid ester compounds with the isocyanate groups of aliphatic and / or alicyclic polyisocyanates. Thus, polyaspartic acid coating compositions have the properties of faster cure rates than polyurethane coating compositions, even at room temperature, and superior mechanical strength.

[0004] Aspartate-based coating compositions are well known in the art. For example, EP 0403921 describes a coating composition having a polyisocyanate component and a binder based on an isocyanate-reactive component containing certain secondary polyamines. These secondary polyamines, also known as polyaspartic acid derivatives, are based on primary polyamines and diesters of maleic or fumaric acid. EP 0470461 also describes a two-component coating composition for vehicle refinishing applications, which contains a polyisocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive secondary diamine prepared from 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and maleic acid diethyl ester. The isocyanate-reactive component further contains a hydroxyl-functional component consisting of a polyhydroxypolyacrylate or a mixture of a polyhydroxypolyacrylate and a polyester polyol. EP 0 939 091 A1 further discloses the addition of a dilution solvent to slow the reaction or interaction of the coating composition (such coating compositions contain amine-functional compounds that typically reduce pot life during storage) without slowing the reaction after application of the coating film. WO 2011 / 126562 A1 further discloses a polyurea coating composition comprising the reaction product of a polyaspartic acid ester component with a mixture of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials, which improves cure speed and adhesion to metal substrates. EP 3 594 300 discloses a high-solids or solvent-free aliphatic polyaspartic acid coating composition formed from an aspartic acid ester compound and an aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate composition (in which the content (mol %) of isocyanurate groups, iminooxadiazinedione groups, uretdione groups, allophanate groups, biuret groups, and / or uretoneimino groups satisfies a specific relationship).

[0005] However, a common drawback of the above-mentioned aspartate-based two-component coating compositions is that the component containing the curable polyaspartic acid ester compound undergoes significant discoloration due to yellowing during storage. Thus, coating compositions containing curable aspartates also tend to discolor or yellow during storage, so that, for example, the final color of the resulting coating no longer matches the desired or target color.

[0006] WO 2004 / 063242 discloses a coating composition containing an aspartic acid compound and a polyisocyanate curing agent. The coating composition contains a disubstituted phenol antioxidant or a hydroperoxide decomposer. The presence of the antioxidant or decomposer results in a coating with good resistance to UV light. EP 2829562 A1 discloses adding an antioxidant to a 2K coating composition containing an aspartate-based component to inhibit discoloration / yellowing during storage at room temperature or at elevated temperatures, such as 50°C.

[0007] WO2015 / 13050A1 further discloses that discoloration or yellowing of such aspartate-based 2K coating compositions during storage is induced by UV absorbers, and proposes chain-extended aspartates as a solution.

[0008] However, it has not been possible to provide a technically simple and satisfactory solution to avoid this color instability or yellowing for polyaspartic acid ester-based polyurea coatings during storage, especially at elevated temperatures up to 50° C., or in combination with UV absorbers, which are typically included in coating formulations together with other light stabilizers, such as hindered amine light stabilizers. Furthermore, the scratch resistance of said non-yellowing polyurea coatings was to be improved without adversely affecting the pot life. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] EP0403921 [Patent Document 2] EP0470461 [Patent Document 3] EP0939091A1 [Patent Document 4] WO2011 / 126562A1 [Patent Document 5] EP3594300 [Patent Document 6] WO2004 / 063242 [Patent Document 7] EP2829562A1 [Patent Document 8] WO2015 / 13050A1 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide low-temperature curing polyurea coatings based on polyaspartic acid esters, in particular polyaspartic acid ester-based multi-component coating compositions that can be used as clearcoats in automotive OEM finishing and automotive refinishing, that do not discolor or yellow on storage at room temperature (i.e., 23°C) and at elevated temperatures (e.g., up to 50°C), especially in the presence of commonly used UV absorbers and / or HALS additives, that are technically easy to implement, that do not adversely affect the excellent performance of polyaspartic acid ester-based polyurea coatings in terms of fast curing speed even at low temperatures, and that have excellent mechanical strength and pot life. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The above objects are achieved by the subject matter set forth in the claims and by the preferred embodiments of that subject matter described below.

[0012] A first subject of the present invention is therefore a process for preparing a curable coating composition comprising three separate containers C1, C2 and C3. Kit of Parts where: a) Container C1 contains an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound; b) container C2 contains polyisocyanate (B), c) Container C3 contains solvent (S1), Container C2 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, optionally contains a solvent (S2), and Container C1 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, optionally contains an additive (AD), the solvent (S1) is selected from monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols, preferably alkoxy monoalcohols, the solvent (S2) is a ketone, and The additive (AD) is selected from UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers.

[0013] The above-specified Kit of Parts (kit-of-parts) is hereinafter referred to as "invention Kit of Parts " or "The present invention Kit of Parts " and is therefore the subject of the present invention.

[0014] A further subject of the invention is the Kit of Parts The coating composition, preferably a clearcoat coating composition, is prepared by mixing at least containers C1, C2, and C3 of the following:

[0015] The above-identified coating compositions are also referred to hereinafter as "inventive coating compositions" or "coating compositions of the present invention."

[0016] Another subject of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing at least one coating layer on a substrate, said method comprising the following steps: (1) optionally applying at least one basecoat composition to at least a portion of a substrate to form at least one basecoat layer; (2) The present invention Kit of Parts or the coating composition of the present invention to at least a portion of a substrate or directly to the at least one base coat layer formed in step (1) to form a clear coat layer; (3) curing the clear coat layer formed in step (2), or, if present, curing at least one base coat layer formed in step (1) together with the clear coat layer formed in step (2); Includes.

[0017] The above-identified method is hereinafter also referred to as the "inventive method" or "method of the present invention."

[0018] Further subject matter of the invention are coatings or multi-layer effect and / or color coatings prepared by the method of the invention, and the coatings of the invention Kit of Parts or the coating composition of the present invention, or the method of the present invention for preparing a coating layer, as a coating, preferably as a clear coat, in automotive finishing, for repairing finishes, for automotive refinishing, and / or for coating parts for installation in or on automobiles, plastic substrates, or commercial vehicles, and / or for coating any type of item.

[0019] Preferred embodiments of the invention are evident from the following description and the dependent claims.

[0020] In light of the prior art, it was surprising and unpredictable for those skilled in the art that the subject matter underlying the present invention could be achieved by a technically straightforward solution. The solution is to separate the component containing the polyaspartic acid ester compound not only from the polyisocyanate (B), as is commonly done in two-component coating compositions, but also from a specific solvent (S1) and an optional solvent (S2). These solvents were identified in the course of the present invention as being the main additional reason for discoloration or yellowing of the component containing the polyaspartic acid ester during storage. Furthermore, another source of yellowing of the component containing the polyaspartic acid ester during storage, although less pronounced than the yellowing observed upon addition of solvents (S1) and (S2), especially at elevated temperatures up to 50°C, was identified as resulting from the combination of UVA and HALS additives typically added to coating compositions for OEM and / or refinish applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] When reference is made in the context of this invention to a public standard, this means, unless otherwise stated, the version of the standard that was current on the filing date, or if no current version existed on that date, the last current version.

[0022] In this disclosure, including the claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities or properties should be understood in all instances to be preceded and modified by the term "about." Thus, unless indicated to the contrary, any numerical parameter set forth in the following description may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained in the compositions and methods according to the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter set forth herein should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0023] Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of "1 to 10" is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum of 1 and the recited maximum of 10, i.e., subranges having minimums of 1 or more and maximums of 10 or less. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include every lower numerical limitation subsumed therein, and any minimum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include every higher numerical limitation subsumed therein.

[0024] As used herein, the grammatical articles "one," "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include "at least one" or "one or more," unless otherwise indicated. Thus, herein, an article is used to refer to one or more (i.e., at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. The term "at least one," in the sense of the present invention, means that each compound comprises one or more compounds, preferably consists of one or more compounds. By way of example, "solvent (S1)" means one or more solvents (S1), and thus, potentially, more than one solvent (S1) is contemplated and may be employed or used.

[0025] The adjective "optional" in the sense of the present invention means that the respective compound or component may or may not be present. For example, if "container C2 and / or container C3 optionally contain a solvent (S2)", said container C2 and / or container C3 may contain solvent (S2) if such solvent (S2) is present, or may not contain such solvent (S2) if solvent (S2) is not present.

[0026] For convenience in this specification of the invention, "polymer" and "resin" are used interchangeably to encompass resins, oligomers, and polymers.

[0027] The present invention Kit of Parts According to the present invention Kit of Partsis a multi-component system comprising at least three separate components or containers C1, C2, and C3. The polyaspartic acid ester compounds have amino groups that react with preferably free or unblocked isocyanate functional groups of the polyisocyanate, even at room temperature and without an additional curing catalyst. At least the polyaspartic acid ester compounds must be stored separately from each other prior to application to avoid undesired premature reactions. Surprisingly, within the scope of the present invention, it has been determined that certain solvents (S1) and (S2) interact with the polyaspartic acid ester compounds, resulting in undesired discoloration or yellowing of the components containing the polyaspartic acid ester compounds upon storage. Therefore, solvent (S1) and any solvent (S2) are not stored in the same compound or container as the polyaspartic acid ester compounds. Another undesirable reaction between the isocyanate-reactive groups, i.e., hydroxyl groups, of solvent (S1) and the isocyanate-functional groups of polyisocyanate (B) leads to a technically simple solution: providing a third container or component containing at least solvent (S1). Since optional solvent (S2) does not prematurely interact with the polyisocyanate, solvent (S2), if present, can be stored in the same container or component as polyisocyanate (B), but it is preferred to store it together with solvent (S1) in the third component. Furthermore, additive packages of UVA and / or HALS additives typically included in OEM or refinish coating compositions have been identified as additional sources of discoloration or yellowing of polyaspartic acid ester-containing compounds upon storage, particularly at elevated temperatures below 50°C, although this is not as pronounced as the strong yellowing tendency demonstrated here for solvents (S1) and (S2). For this reason, UVA and / or HALS additives, if present, are preferably included in the third component together with solvent (S1).

[0028] Container C1 Container C1 contains an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising at least one polyaspartic acid ester compound. The isocyanate-reactive component (A) thus represents the crosslinkable resin, oligomer, or polymer of the coating composition responsible for film formation. These resins contain functional groups that are reactive with the isocyanate functional groups of the polyisocyanate (B), forming a crosslinked polymer network by various mechanisms.

[0029] Polyaspartic acid ester compounds, also known as polyaspartates or polyaspartics, are prepared according to U.S. Patent Nos. 5,821,326, 5,236,741, 6,169,141, 6,911,501, and 7,276,572, the entire disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0030] Suitable polyaspartic acid esters for use according to the invention include those of formula (I) X-[NH-C(COOR 1 )R 3 -C(COOR 2 )R 4 H] n (I) (In the formula, X represents an n-valent organic group that is inactive to an isocyanate group at a temperature of 100°C or less, and is preferably a group obtained by removing an amino group from an aliphatic, araliphatic, or alicyclic polyamine, more preferably a diamine, and more preferably a hydrocarbon group obtained thereby; R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and represent an organic group that is inert to isocyanate groups at temperatures below 100°C, preferably an alkyl group containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl, ethyl or butyl group, or R 1 and R 2 forms an alicyclic or heterocyclic ring together with the β-carbon atom, R 3 and R 4are the same or different and represent organic groups that are inert to hydrogen or isocyanate groups at temperatures below 100°C, n is an integer of 2 or more, preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, and most preferably 2. Includes those corresponding to.

[0031] These polyaspartic acid esters are prepared by reacting optionally substituted maleic or fumaric acid esters with polyamines, as described in WO 2011 / 126562 A1, which describes suitable optionally substituted maleic or fumaric acid esters, which have the formula (II): R 1 OOC-CR 3 =CR 4 -COOR 2 (II) (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is as defined above) Corresponds to.

[0032] Examples of optionally substituted maleic or fumaric acid esters suitable for use in preparing the polyaspartic acid esters include the dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl (e.g., di-n-butyl) esters of maleic and fumaric acid, and the corresponding maleic or fumaric acid esters substituted with methyl at the 2- and / or 3-positions.

[0033] Suitable polyamines for preparing polyaspartic acid esters include those of formula (III): X-(-NH2) n (III) (wherein X and n are as defined above). Includes those corresponding to.

[0034] Polyamines include high molecular weight amines having a molecular weight of 400 to about 10,000, preferably 400 to about 6,000, and low molecular weight amines having a molecular weight of less than 400. The molecular weight is the number average molecular weight (Mn) and is determined by end group analysis (NH number). Examples of these polyamines are those in which the amino groups are attached to aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic, and / or aromatic carbon atoms.

[0035] Suitable low molecular weight polyamines include ethylenediamine, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediamine, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediamine, 1,3- and 1,5-pentanediamine, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediamine, 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 1,7-heptanediamine, Diamines, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, triaminononane, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,4- and / or 2,6-hexahydrotoluylenediamine, 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 3,3'-dialkyl-4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane (e.g., 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane), 3,3'-diethyl-4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane and 3,3'-diethyl-4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane), 1,3- and / or 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 1,3-bis(methylamino)-cyclohexane, 1,8-p-menthanediamine, hydrazine, hydrazides of semicarbazide carboxylic acid, bis-hydrazides, bis-semicarbazides, phenylenediamines, 2,4- and 2,6-toluylenediamine, 2,3- and 3,4-toluylenediamine, 2 ,4'- and / or 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, highly functional polyphenylenepolymethylenepolyamines obtained by aniline / formaldehyde condensation reaction, N,N,N-tris-(2-amino-ethyl)amine, guanidine, melamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine, 3,3'-diamino-benzidine, polyoxypropyleneamine, polyoxy-ethyleneamine, 2,4-bis-(4'-aminobenzyl)-aniline and mixtures thereof.

[0036] Preferred polyamines are 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine or IPDA), bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, bis-(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 2-methylpentamethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, triaminononane, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluylenediamine, and 4,4'- and / or 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane.

[0037] Suitable high molecular weight polyamines include those prepared from known polyurethanes, particularly polyether polyhydroxyl compounds. The polyamines are prepared by reacting the polyhydroxyl compound with an excess of the polyisocyanate (B) described below to form an NCO prepolymer, followed by hydrolysis of the terminal isocyanate groups to amino groups. Preferably, the polyamines are prepared by converting the terminal hydroxyl groups of the polyhydroxyl compound to amino groups, e.g., by amination. Preferred high molecular weight polyamines are amine-terminated polyethers, such as Jeffamine® resins available from Huntsman International, LLC.

[0038] The preparation of the polyaspartic acid ester compound from the above-mentioned starting materials is carried out, for example, at a temperature of 0 to 100°C, using the starting materials in proportions such that at least one, preferably one, olefinic double bond is present in each primary amino group. After the reaction, excess starting materials may be removed by distillation. The reaction may be carried out without a solvent or in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, dioxane, or a mixture of such solvents. Preferably, the polyaspartic acid ester compound is prepared without a solvent.

[0039] Preferably, a polyaspartic acid ester compound having a viscosity at 25°C of about 400 to 3000 mPa*s, preferably about 600 to 2500 mPa*s, and very preferably about 800 to 2000 mPa*s is used.

[0040] In another preferred embodiment, the polyaspartic acid ester compound has an equivalent weight of about 200-500, preferably about 210-400, and most preferably about 220-300.

[0041] In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polyaspartic acid ester compound has an amine number of about 150 to 250, preferably about 175 to 225, and most preferably about 190 to 210 mg KOH / g.

[0042] Polyaspartic acid ester compounds that find utility in the disclosed invention are commercially available, for example, as Desmophen® NH from Covestro.

[0043] The isocyanate-reactive component (A) may also contain additional compounds (R), such as crosslinkable resins, oligomers, or polymers having isocyanate-reactive groups and different from the polyaspartic acid ester compounds described above. Examples of such additional isocyanate-reactive oligomers and polymers include: (i) poly(meth)acrylates, more specifically hydroxy- and / or carboxylate- and / or amine-functional poly(meth)acrylates; (ii) polyurethanes, more specifically hydroxy- and / or carboxylate- and / or amine-functional polyurethanes; (iii) polyesters, more specifically polyester polyols and polycarbonate polyols; (iv) polyethers, more specifically polyether polyols; (v) copolymers of the aforementioned polymers; and (vi) mixtures thereof. The term "poly(meth)acrylate" refers to both polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. Thus, poly(meth)acrylates are composed of acrylates and / or methacrylates and contain further ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as alkyl(meth)acrylates, styrene, or (meth)acrylic acid. The term "(meth)acryloyl" encompasses, within the meaning of the present invention, methacryloyl compounds, acryloyl compounds, and mixtures thereof, respectively. Preferably, however, no further compounds (R) are present in container C1 or containers C1, C2, and / or C3.

[0044] The at least one polyaspartic acid ester compound is preferably present in a total amount (solids content) of greater than about 50% by weight, preferably greater than about 65% by weight, and more preferably from about 80 or 90% by weight to about 100% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the isocyanate-reactive component (A). Most preferably, the isocyanate-reactive component (A) consists of a polyaspartic acid ester compound.

[0045] The use of at least one isocyanate-reactive component (A), preferably as a polymeric resin as part of the binder, in the amounts described above ensures the formation of a coating layer having excellent qualities, particularly adhesion, recoatability, appearance, and low-temperature cure speed.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C1 comprises solvent (S1) and / or solvent (S2) in a total amount of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, and most preferably 0% by weight (or no solvent (S1) and / or solvent (S2)), in each case based on the total weight of container C1. Thus, most preferably, container C1 does not comprise any solvent (S1) and / or solvent (S2).

[0047] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the container C1 comprises additives (AD) in a total amount of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, and most preferably 0% by weight (or no additives (AD)), in each case based on the total weight of the container C1. Thus, most preferably, the container C1 does not comprise any additives (AD).

[0048] In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C1 comprises solvent (S1), solvent (S2) and / or additive (AD) in a total amount of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, and most preferably 0% by weight (or no solvent (S1), solvent (S2) and / or additive (AD)), in each case based on the total weight of container C1. Thus, most preferably, container C1 does not comprise any solvent (S1), solvent (S2) and / or additive (AD).

[0049] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C1 comprises, preferably consists of: i) an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising, preferably consisting of, at least one polyaspartic acid ester compound and optional compound (R); ii) optional further additives (AD2); and iii) optional solvent (S3).

[0050] Container C2 Container C2 contains at least one polyisocyanate (B). Preferably, the polyisocyanate represents a hardener or curing agent of the multi-component coating composition. The hardener is one component of a multi-component product that, when mixed together, forms a coating film with desired properties by chemical reaction with a complementary reactive compound, i.e., a polymer resin. The isocyanate functional groups of polyisocyanate (B) can, under suitable reaction conditions, undergo a crosslinking reaction with complementary isocyanate-reactive functional groups of the isocyanate-reactive component (A), such as the amino functional groups of a polyaspartic acid ester compound, and with functional groups of any additional compound (R), to form a coating or film by crosslinking the binder. When additional compound (R) is present, the present invention Kit of Parts may also contain a further crosslinking agent which only undergoes a chemical reaction with the functional groups of the further compound (R) having isocyanate-reactive groups. The polyisocyanate and polymer resin are therefore involved in film formation and represent the majority of the binder. The term "binder" in the sense of the present invention and in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4618 (German edition, date: March 2007) preferably refers to the polymer of the present invention which is involved in film formation upon curing. Kit of Parts or the curable non-volatile fraction of the coating composition, excluding any pigments and fillers contained therein, and more specifically any additional compounds (R) that participate in film formation with the polyaspartic acid ester compound and the polyisocyanate (B). The non-volatile fraction as the mass of residue obtained by evaporation under specific conditions may be determined by the method described in the Examples section.

[0051] As used herein, the term "polyisocyanate" refers to a compound containing two or more isocyanate groups. As used herein, the term "diisocyanate" refers to a compound containing two isocyanate groups. Diisocyanates are therefore a subset of polyisocyanates.

[0052] Preferably, the isocyanate groups of polyisocyanate (B) are unblocked, blocked, or a mixture of unblocked and blocked polyisocyanates. Unblocked isocyanate groups are sometimes also referred to as "free" isocyanate groups.

[0053] It is particularly preferred to use unblocked polyisocyanates, ie compounds containing at least two free isocyanate groups.

[0054] The at least one polyisocyanate (B) may comprise a combination of an aliphatic isocyanate-functional material and a cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional material. The aliphatic isocyanate-functional material may comprise the reaction product of an aliphatic diisocyanate and a hydroxy-functional ether compound. The cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional material may comprise the reaction product of an cycloaliphatic diisocyanate and a monofunctional alcohol compound. The aliphatic isocyanate-functional material and the cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional material may each comprise at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of isocyanurate, iminooxadiazine, uretdione, allophanate, biuret, and any combination thereof. The aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials may be made from and / or comprise polyisocyanates having an isocyanate functionality greater than two.

[0055] Isocyanurates may be prepared by the cyclotrimerization of polyisocyanates. Trimerization is carried out, for example, by reacting three equivalents of polyisocyanate to produce one equivalent of isocyanurate rings. The three equivalents of polyisocyanate may contain three equivalents of the same polyisocyanate compound or may contain various mixtures of two or three different polyisocyanate compounds. Trimerization catalysts may include, for example, phosphines, Mannich bases, and tertiary amines, such as 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and dialkylpiperazines. Iminooxadiazines may be prepared by the asymmetric cyclotrimerization of polyisocyanates. Uretdiones may be prepared by the dimerization of polyisocyanates. Allophanates may be prepared by the reaction of polyisocyanates with urethanes. Biurets may be prepared by adding a small amount of water to two equivalents of polyisocyanate and reacting at a slightly elevated temperature in the presence of a biuret catalyst. Biurets may be prepared by the reaction of polyisocyanates with urea.

[0056] Polyisocyanates that find utility in the preparation of isocyanurates, iminooxadiazines, biurets, uretdiones, and allophanates, and as polyisocyanates for use as crosslinkers with polymer resins comprising at least polyaspartic acid esters in the preparation of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, such as ethylene diisocyanate, 2,2',5 trimethylhexane diisocyanate, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate ("HDI"), 4,4'-diisocyanate, 1 ...'-diisocyan bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane ("HMDI"), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or "IPDI"), bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane ("H12MDI"), bis-(4-isocyanato-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)methane, 1,1,6,6-tetramethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate, p- or m-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, and any combination thereof. The flexibility of the aforementioned polyisocyanates is improved by chain extension of the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates with polyols and / or polyesters, such as the polyol and / or polyester chain extenders HDI and IPDI commercially available from Asahi Kasei under the trademark Duranate™. Additional polyisocyanates (including various diisocyanates) that find utility in producing aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials include those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,810,820, 5,208,334, 5,124,427, 5,235,018, 5,444,146, and 7,038,003, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Any combination of the above-identified and incorporated polyisocyanates may also be used to produce aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials.

[0057] The polyisocyanate (B) may comprise, as aliphatic isocyanate-functional material, an aliphatic isocyanate polymer based on hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI homopolymer), which preferably has an NCO content of more than 15, and / or an aliphatic isocyanate polymer based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), which preferably has an NCO content of more than 10.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, polyisocyanate (B) comprises, preferably consists of, a first aliphatic isocyanate-functional material having a viscosity at 25°C of about 80 mPa*s to 500 mPa*s, preferably about 100 to 300 mPa*s, a second aliphatic isocyanate-functional material having a viscosity at 25°C of about 500 mPa*s to 1500 mPa*s, preferably about 800 mPa*s to 1300 mPa*s, and an alicyclic isocyanate-functional material.

[0059] The HDI-based aliphatic isocyanate-functional material may comprise an average isocyanate functionality of at least 4, a glass transition temperature of less than -40°C, and / or a %NCO of less than 10% by weight. The HDI-based aliphatic isocyanate-functional material may be essentially free of HDI isocyanurate trimer.

[0060] Polyisocyanate (B) may comprise an IPD1-based cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional material having an average isocyanate functionality of at least 2.3, a glass transition temperature between 25°C and 65°C, and / or a %NCO of 10% to 47% by weight.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one polyisocyanate (B) is present in a total amount of about 1 to 60% by weight, preferably about 5 to 50% by weight, more preferably about 10 to 40% by weight, and very preferably about 15 to 40% by weight, in each case. Kit of Parts is present based on the total mass of

[0062] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one polyisocyanate (B) comprises at least one, preferably at least two, aliphatic isocyanate-functional materials and at least one cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional material, preferably the cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials being present in a total amount of more than about 50% by weight, preferably more than about 60% by weight, and very preferably more than about 70% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials contained in polyisocyanate (B).

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C2 contains solvent (S1) and / or additive (AD) in a total amount of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, and most preferably 0% by weight (or no solvent (S1) and / or additive (AD)), in each case based on the total weight of container C2. Thus, most preferably, container C2 does not contain any solvent (S1) and / or additive (AD).

[0064] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C2 contains solvent (S2) in a total amount of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, and most preferably 0% by weight (or no solvent (S2)), in each case based on the total weight of container C2. Thus, most preferably, container C2 does not contain any solvent (S2).

[0065] In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C2 contains solvent (S1), solvent (S2), and / or additive (AD) in a total amount of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, and most preferably 0% by weight (or no solvent (S1), solvent (S2), and / or additive (AD)), in each case based on the total weight of container C2. Thus, most preferably, container C2 does not contain any solvent (S1), solvent (S2), and / or additive (AD).

[0066] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, vessel C2 comprises, preferably consists of, i) polyisocyanate (B), ii) optional further additives (AD2), and iii) optional solvent (S3).

[0067] Container C3 Container C3 contains at least one solvent (S1). Solvent (S1), within the meaning of the present invention and in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4618 (English version, date: January 2015), preferably refers to a single liquid or a blend of liquids that are volatile under the given conditions of use and that are added to coating materials or compositions to reduce their viscosity or influence other properties. Solvent (S1) therefore represents a thinner.

[0068] Container C3 contains at least one solvent (S1) chosen from monoalcohols and alkoxymonoalcohols, preferably alkoxymonoalcohols.

[0069] A monoalcohol according to the present invention is an organic compound having one hydroxyl functional group (OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom, where the saturated carbon atom is part of an alkyl group R. The monoalcohol is represented by the general formula R-OH and includes primary (RCHOH), secondary (RCHOH), and tertiary (RCOH) alcohols.

[0070] An alkoxy monoalcohol according to the present invention is an organic compound of the general formula R"-O-R'OH, where R' and R" represent alkyl groups. Thus, an alkoxy monoalcohol may be described as an organic compound in which an alkoxy group having the general formula R"-O is attached to a monoalcohol represented by the general formula R'-OH.

[0071] The alkyl groups R, R' and R" in the general formulae representing the monoalcohols and alkoxymonoalcohols according to the invention are independently of one another of the general formula C 1 which is derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon. m H 2m+1The term "aliphatic" as used herein refers to an organic compound characterized by a substituted or unsubstituted straight, branched, and / or cyclic chain arrangement of constituent carbon atoms. Aliphatic compounds do not contain aromatic rings as part of the compound's molecular structure. The term "alicyclic" as used herein refers to an organic compound characterized by an arrangement of carbon atoms in a closed ring structure. Alicyclic compounds do not contain aromatic rings as part of the compound's molecular structure. Thus, alicyclic compounds are a subset of aliphatic compounds. Thus, an aliphatic composition may contain aliphatic compounds and / or alicyclic compounds.

[0072] Preferably in the present invention, the alkyl groups R, R', and R" of the monoalcohols and alkoxymonoalcohols are derived from unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons having a linear or branched arrangement of the constituent carbon atoms.

[0073] In the present invention, alkyl groups R and R" of monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols derived from unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons having a linear or branched arrangement of constituent carbon atoms containing 1 or more, more preferably 2 to 6, even more preferably 3 to 4, or most preferably 4 carbon atoms, and alkyl groups R' derived from unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons having a linear arrangement of constituent carbon atoms containing 1 or more, more preferably 2 to 6, even more preferably 2 to 3, or most preferably 2 carbon atoms, are particularly preferred.

[0074] Non-limiting examples of monoalcohols that are particularly suitable as solvent (S1) according to the invention are methanol, ethanol, n- and iso-propanol, and the butanols, including 1-butanol (n-butanol), 2-butanol (sec-butanol), 2-methylpropan-1-ol (iso-butanol), and 2-methylpropanol (tert-butanol), particularly preferred are n- and iso-propanol, and n-, sec- and iso-butanol, most preferably iso-butanol.

[0075] A non-limiting example of an alkoxy monoalcohol that is particularly suitable as solvent (S1) according to the invention is glycol ether, where glycol ethers are a group of organic compounds based on alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, such as 2-butoxyethanol.

[0076] In the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent (S1) is selected from 2-methylpropan-1-ol (iso-butanol) and 2-butoxyethanol.

[0077] Preferably, the at least one solvent (S1) is present in a total amount of not more than 30% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 20% by weight, very preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in each case Kit of Parts is present based on the total mass of

[0078] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent (S1) is present in a total amount of more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, more preferably from 95 or 98% to 100% by weight, most preferably 100% by weight, in each case Kit of Parts is present in the container C3 based on the total mass of the solvent (S1) in Kit of Parts The total mass of or the total amount of solvent (S1) present in the entirety is contained in the container C3.

[0079] In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C3 comprises, preferably consists of: i) solvent (S1), ii) additive (AD), iii) optional solvent (S2), iv) optional solvent (S3), and v) optional additive (AD2).

[0080] Solvent (S2) The present invention Kit of Partscan further comprise at least one solvent (S2) in containers C2 and / or C3, where solvent (S2) represents a ketone. If present, solvent (S2) is preferably contained in container C3. Solvent (S2), within the meaning of the present invention and in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4618 (English version, date: January 2015), preferably refers to a single liquid or a blend of liquids that is volatile under defined drying conditions and in which the binder dissolves. Solvent (S2) is liquid at room temperature (i.e., 23°C).

[0081] The ketones according to the present invention have the general formula R a C(=O)R b In the formula, R a and R b are various carbon-containing substituents directly attached to the carbonyl group C=O (carbon-oxygen double bond), and are symmetric (substituent R a and R b are identical) and unsymmetrical ketones (substituent R a and R b Preferably, the ketones according to the present invention are asymmetric.

[0082] Preferably, the carbon-containing substituent R according to the present invention a and R b is an alkyl group. The alkyl group R according to the present invention a or R b is a compound of the general formula C derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon p H 2p+1 Therefore, the alkyl group R a and R bis a saturated group. As used herein, the term "aliphatic" refers to an organic compound characterized by a substituted or unsubstituted straight, branched, and / or cyclic chain arrangement of constituent carbon atoms. Aliphatic compounds do not contain aromatic rings as part of the compound's molecular structure. As used herein, the term "alicyclic" refers to an organic compound characterized by an arrangement of carbon atoms in a closed ring structure. Alicyclic compounds do not contain aromatic rings as part of the compound's molecular structure. Thus, alicyclic compounds are a subset of aliphatic compounds. Thus, an aliphatic composition may contain aliphatic compounds and / or alicyclic compounds.

[0083] In the present invention, the alkyl group R a and R b is a group of general formula C derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear or branched arrangement of the constituent carbon atoms p H 2p+1 is any series of monovalent radicals of

[0084] In the present invention, the alkyl group R a and R b are, independently of one another, of the general formula C, which is derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear or branched arrangement of the constituent carbon atoms. p H 2p+1 Particularly preferred is any series of monovalent radicals of the formula: a and / or R b is an alkyl group C containing 1 or more, more preferably 1 to 5, and even more preferably 1 or 5 carbon atoms p H 2p+1 is.

[0085] In the present invention, the alkyl group R a and R b are, independently of one another, of the general formula C, which is derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear or branched arrangement of the constituent carbon atoms. p H 2p+1 Particularly preferred is any series of monovalent radicals of the formula: a and / or R bis an alkyl group C containing 1 or more, more preferably 1 to 5, and even more preferably 1 or 5 carbon atoms p H 2p+1 is.

[0086] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the ketone according to the invention is asymmetric and has the functional group R a and R b where R a and R b are each independently of one another of the general formula C, which is derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear or branched arrangement of the constituent carbon atoms. p H 2p+1 is any series of monovalent radicals of R a and / or R b is an alkyl group C containing 1 or more, more preferably 1 to 5, and even more preferably 1 or 5 carbon atoms m H 2m+1 is.

[0087] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent (S2) is of the general formula R a C(=O)R b wherein R a and R b are non-identical alkyl groups directly bonded to the carbonyl group C=O (carbon-oxygen double bond), and R a (or R b Each of the following) is a group of the general formula C, which is derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear arrangement of constituent carbon atoms containing 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1 carbon atom. p H 2p+1 and R b (or R a Each of the following) is a compound of the general formula C, which is derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear or branched, preferably branched, arrangement of constituent carbon atoms containing 1 to 6, preferably 3 to 6, more preferably 4 or 5 to 6, and most preferably 5 carbon atoms: p H 2p+1 is any series of monovalent radicals of

[0088] Thus, non-limiting examples of ketones that are particularly suitable according to the invention as solvents (S2) are those of the general formula R a C(=O)R b and R is selected from unsymmetrical ketones represented by a is a substituent selected from methyl, ethyl, n- and isopropyl, and butyl, including n-butyl, butan-2-yl (sec-butyl), 2-methylpropyl (iso-butyl) and tert-butyl, particularly preferably methyl, and R 4 is a substituent selected from methyl, ethyl, n- and isopropyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutan-2-yl (tert-pentyl), 2,2-dimethylpropyl (neo-pentyl), 3-methylbutyl (iso-pentyl), pentan-2-yl (sec-pentyl), pentan-3-yl (3-pentyl), 3-methylbutan-2-yl (sec-isopentyl) and 2-methylbutyl (activated pentyl), and hexyl, including n-, iso-, tert- and neo-hexyl, particularly preferably n-pentyl, 2-methylbutan-2-yl (tert-pentyl), 2,2-dimethylpropyl (neo-pentyl), and 3-methylbutyl (iso-pentyl).

[0089] In the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent (S2) is 5-methylhexan-2-one (MIAK).

[0090] Solvent (S2) Kit of Parts If present at all, the at least one solvent (S2) is present in a total amount of not more than 30% by weight, preferably not more than 20% by weight, very preferably not more than 10% by weight, in each case Kit of Parts It is preferred that the total amount of the hydroxybenzoates is present in the composition.

[0091] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the solvent (S2) is present in vessel C2 and / or vessel C3, preferably vessel C3, in a total amount of more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, more preferably 95 or 98% to 100% by weight, most preferably 100% by weight, in each case Kit of PartsTherefore, most preferably, Kit of Parts The total mass of or the total amount of solvent (S2) present in the whole is contained in container C2 and / or container C3, preferably container C3.

[0092] In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, container C1 and / or container C2 contain solvent (S2) in a total amount of less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, very preferably 0% by weight (or no solvent (S2)), in each case based on the total weight of container C1 and / or container C2. Most preferably, container C1 and container C2 do not contain or are free of solvent (S2).

[0093] Therefore, another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a process for preparing a curable coating composition comprising three separate containers C1, C2, and C3. Kit of Parts where: a) Container C1 contains an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound; b) container C2 contains polyisocyanate (B), c) Container C3 contains solvent (S1), Container C2 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, contains a solvent (S2), and Container C1 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, optionally contains an additive (AD), the solvent (S1) is selected from monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols, preferably alkoxy monoalcohols, the solvent (S2) is a ketone, and The additive (AD) is selected from UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers.

[0094] Solvent (S3) The present invention Kit of Partscan further comprise in any one of the containers C1, C2, and / or C3 at least one further solvent (S3) selected from the classes of "solvents," "diluents," and "thinners," and different from or not identical to the solvents (S1) and solvents (S2) commonly used in solvent-based coating compositions, such as butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate (MPA), toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, Solvesso 100, or Hydrosol® (from APAL), esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, or ethyl ethoxypropionate, amides, methylal, butyral, 1,3-dioxolane, glycerol formal, hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof. Preferred organic solvents (S3) are esters, very preferably n-butyl acetate and / or 1-methoxypropyl acetate and / or 2-butoxyethyl acetate.

[0095] The term "thinner" in the sense of the present invention and in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4618 (English version, date: January 2015) preferably refers to a single or blended volatile liquid, which is not a "solvent" in which the binder dissolves, but which may be used in combination with a "solvent" in which the binder dissolves, without any adverse effects. The terms "thinner" and "solvent" according to the present invention are further defined above in the sections Solvents (S1) and Solvents (S2).

[0096] Solvent (S1), solvent (S2) and solvent (S3) are different from each other, or in other words are not the same compound.

[0097] Additives (AD) The present invention Kit of Parts Containers C1 and / or C3, preferably container C3, may contain one or more additives (AD) selected from UV absorbers (UVA) and / or hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS).

[0098] UV absorbers (UVA) are generally organic molecules capable of absorbing harmful UV light and converting it into harmless heat, and include UV absorbers from the classes of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole (BTZ), 2-hydroxybenzophenone (BP), hydroxyphenyl-s-triazine (HPT), and oxanilide, or mixtures thereof. Kit of Parts Suitable UVAs for use in the present invention are any commercially available UVAs known to those skilled in the art for use in polymers and coatings, and are described, for example, in VALET Andreas, BRAIG Adalbert, Light Stabilizers for Coatings, Hannover: Vincentz Network, 2017, Revised 2nd Edition, pp. 23-35, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. UV absorbers that find use in the disclosed invention are commercially available, for example, from BASF under the trademark Tinuvin®.

[0099] Preferably, the UVA is selected from the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole (BTZ) UV absorber class. Examples of such preferred UVA include, but are not limited to, Tinuvin® 384.

[0100] Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are sterically hindered amines used to stabilize commercial polymers, most commonly derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. Kit of Parts The HALS for use in the present invention may be any commercially available HALS known to those skilled in the art for use in polymers and coatings, as described, for example, in VALET Andreas, BRAIG Adalbert, Light Stabilizers for Coatings, Hannover: Vincentz Network, 2017, 2nd revised edition, pp. 36-45, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. HALS that find use in the disclosed invention are commercially available, for example, from BASF under the trademark Tinuvin®.

[0101] Preferred HALS include, but are not limited to, Tinuvin® 123, Tinuvin® 144, and Tinuvin® 292, all commercially available from BASF.

[0102] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive (AD) is selected from UVA and / or HALS, wherein the UVA is 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole and the HALS is a mixture of bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate and methyl 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidylsebacate.

[0103] If present, the at least one additive (AD) is present in a total amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably in a total amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, very preferably in a total amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight, in each case Kit of Parts It is preferable that the total amount of the hydroxybenzoates is based on the total amount of the hydroxybenzoates.

[0104] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the additive (AD), if present at all, is present in container C1 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, in a total amount of more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, more preferably 95 or 98% to 100% by weight, most preferably 100% by weight, in each case. Kit of Parts It is contained based on the total mass of the additives (AD) in the composition. Therefore, most preferably, Kit of Parts or the total amount of the entire additive (AD), if present, is contained in container C1 and / or container C3, preferably container C3.

[0105] In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, container C2 contains additives (AD) in a total amount of less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, very preferably 0% by weight (or no additives (AD)), in each case based on the total weight of container C2. Most preferably, container C2 does not contain additives (AD).

[0106] Therefore, another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a process for preparing a curable coating composition comprising three separate containers C1, C2, and C3. Kit of Parts where: a) Container C1 contains an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound; b) container C2 contains polyisocyanate (B), c) Container C3 contains solvent (S1), Container C2 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, optionally contains a solvent (S2), and Container C1 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, contains an additive (AD), the solvent (S1) is selected from monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols, preferably alkoxy monoalcohols, the solvent (S2) is a ketone, and The additive (AD) is selected from UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers.

[0107] Another clearly preferred embodiment of the present invention is a process for preparing a curable coating composition comprising three separate containers C1, C2, and C3. Kit of Parts where: a) Container C1 contains an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound; b) container C2 contains polyisocyanate (B), c) Container C3 contains solvent (S1), Container C2 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, contains a solvent (S2), and Container C1 and / or container C3, preferably container C3, contains an additive (AD), the solvent (S1) is selected from monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols, preferably alkoxy monoalcohols, the solvent (S2) is a ketone, and The additive (AD) is selected from UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers.

[0108] Yet another clearly preferred embodiment of the present invention is a process for preparing a curable coating composition comprising three separate containers C1, C2, and C3. Kit of Parts where: a) Container C1 contains an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound; b) container C2 contains polyisocyanate (B), c) Container C3 contains solvent (S1), Container C3 contains the solvent (S2), and Container C3 contains an additive (AD), the solvent (S1) is selected from monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols, preferably alkoxy monoalcohols, the solvent (S2) is a ketone, and The additive (AD) is selected from UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers.

[0109] Further Additives (AD2) The present invention Kit of Parts may further comprise in any one of the containers C1, C2, and / or C3 at least one further additive (AD2) customarily contained in coating compositions, preferably clear coating compositions. The additive (AD2) is not identical to the additive (AD). Examples of additive (AD2) are: - Slip Additive - Surface-treated silica nanoparticle dispersion antioxidants, such as sterically hindered phenol antioxidants and organophosphorus antioxidants - Polymerization inhibitors - Defoaming agent Wetting agents, such as siloxanes, fluorine compounds, carboxylic acid monoesters, phosphate esters, polyacrylic acids and their copolymers, or polyurethanes. - adhesion promoters, e.g. tricyclodecane dimethanol - Flow control agents - film-forming aids, such as cellulose derivatives Fillers, for example nanoparticles based on silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide, see for further details Römpp Lexikon "Lacke and Druckfarben", Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1998, pp. 250-252. - rheology control additives, such as those known from patents WO 94 / 22968, EP-A-0276501, EP-A-0249201 or WO 97 / 12945, crosslinked polymer microparticles, such as those disclosed in EP-A-0008127, inorganic phyllosilicates, for example aluminum-magnesium silicates of the montmorillonite type, sodium-magnesium and sodium-magnesium-fluorine-lithium phyllosilicates, silicas such as Aerosils®, or synthetic polymers containing ionic and / or associative groups, such as polyvinyl alcohol, poly(meth)acrylamide, poly(meth)acrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers or ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymers and derivatives thereof, or hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes or polyacrylates - flame retardants, and / or - Water Scavenger - Curing catalyst - Pigment.

[0110] According to the present invention, Kit of PartsIt is advantageous if any one of the containers C1, C2, and / or C3 contains at least one additive (AD2) selected from curing catalysts. The curing catalyst primarily serves to catalyze the reaction between the functional groups of the polyisocyanate (B) and the complementary reactive functional groups of the at least one isocyanate-reactive component (A), such as a polyaspartate ester-based compound, or an additional compound (R). The at least one catalyst is preferably selected from bismuth carboxylates, lithium carboxylates, tin carboxylates, tin mercaptides, zirconium chelates, aluminum chelates, zinc complexes, zinc carboxylates, tertiary amines, and mixtures thereof, more preferably from tin carboxylates, and very preferably from dioctyltin dilaurate and / or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0111] Further, according to the present invention, Kit of Parts Advantageously, any one of the containers C1, C2 and / or C3, preferably container C1, comprises at least one additive (AD2) selected from dispersions of surface-treated silica nanoparticles. Said dispersions of surface-treated silica nanoparticles are commercially available, for example, from BYK Additives & Instruments as NanoBYK, namely NanoBYK 3650 and 3652. Preferably, such additive (AD2) selected from dispersions of surface-treated silica nanoparticles is present in a total amount of 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 0.9 to 4.5% by weight, even more preferably 1.5 to 3.0% by weight, in each case in accordance with the present invention. Kit of Parts It exists based on the total amount of

[0112] Preferably, the present invention Kit of Parts does not contain additional antioxidants or does not contain antioxidant components that include sterically hindered phenol antioxidants and / or organophosphorus antioxidants.

[0113] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, Kit of Parts does not contain any hydroperoxide decomposers.

[0114] The at least one additive (AD2) is preferably present in a total amount of not more than 30%, very preferably in a total amount of not more than 20%, in each case in accordance with the invention. Kit of Parts It exists based on the total amount of

[0115] The present invention Kit of Parts may be used to prepare a base coat, a top coat or a primer. Kit of Parts may contain pigments, including effect pigments, and optionally fillers.

[0116] Non-limiting examples of effect pigments that may be utilized in the basecoat and topcoat coating compositions include metallic, pearlescent, and color-variable effect flake pigments. Metallic (including pearlescent and color-variable) topcoat colors are produced using one or more specialized flake pigments. Metallic basecoat colors are produced using metallic flake pigments, such as aluminum flake pigments, coated aluminum flake pigments, copper flake pigments, zinc flake pigments, stainless steel flake pigments, and bronze flake pigments, and / or pearlescent flake pigments, including treated mica, such as titanium dioxide-coated mica pigments and iron oxide-coated mica pigments, to give the coating different appearances (degrees of reflectance or color) when viewed from different angles. The metallic flakes can be cornflake, lenticular, or cycling-resistant, and the mica can be natural, synthetic, or aluminum oxide. The flake pigments do not agglomerate and do not break down under high shear. High shear can break or distort the flakes or their crystalline morphology, reducing or destroying the gonioapparent effect. The flake pigment is thoroughly dispersed in the binder component by stirring under low shear. The flake pigment(s) may be included in the coating composition in an amount of about 0.01% to about 50% by weight, or about 15% to about 25% by weight, in each case based on the total binder weight. Non-limiting examples of commercially available flake pigments include PALIOCROMES® pigments available from BASF Corporation.

[0117] Non-limiting examples of other suitable pigments and fillers that may be utilized in the basecoat and monocoat topcoat coating compositions include inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, carbon black, ochre, sienna earth, umber, hematite, limonite, red iron oxide, transparent red iron oxide, black iron oxide, brown iron oxide, chromium oxide green, strontium chromate, zinc phosphate, silica such as fumed silica, calcium carbonate, talc, barite, ferric ammonium ferrocyanide (Prussian blue), and ultramarine, and organic pigments such as metallized and non-metallized azo reds, quinacridone reds and violets, perylene red, copper phthalocyanine blues and greens, carbazole violet, monoarylide and diarylide yellows, benzimidazolone yellow, tolyl orange, naphthol orange, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, or zirconium oxide based nanoparticles, and the like. The pigment(s) are preferably dispersed by known methods in a resin or polymer, or using a pigment dispersant, such as a binder resin of the type described above. Generally, the pigment and dispersing resin, polymer, or dispersant are contacted under sufficiently high shear to break down pigment agglomerates into primary pigment particles and wet the surfaces of the pigment particles with the dispersing resin, polymer, or dispersant. Breaking down the agglomerates and wetting the primary pigment particles are important for pigment stability and color development. Pigments and fillers may be utilized in amounts typically up to about 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. The amount of pigment used also depends on the nature of the pigment, the color depth and / or effect intensity to be produced, and the dispersibility of the pigment in the pigment-based coating composition. The pigment content is preferably 0.5% to 50% by weight, more preferably 1% to 30% by weight, very preferably 2% to 20% by weight, and more specifically 2.5% to 10% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the pigment-based coating composition.

[0118] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, Kit of Partsmay be used to prepare transparent pigmented topcoat coating compositions (tinted clearcoats) and pigment-free clearcoat coating compositions. Kit of Parts The coating composition may also contain glass flakes, which are necessary to produce a transparent, pigmented topcoat coating. The glass flakes are preferably present in an amount of 0.001 to 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the coating composition. Such tinted clearcoats are being used with increasing frequency to expand the range of decorative effects that can be achieved when coating vehicles or other surfaces with coatings, preferably multi-layer coatings.

[0119] The present invention Kit of Parts The coating composition of the present invention prepared from The coating compositions of the present invention are multi-part products, where the term "multi-part product" describes coating materials or compositions that are supplied in two or more, e.g., three, separate components or containers that must be mixed prior to use in proportions specified by the manufacturer.

[0120] Generally, the polymer resin and hardener or curing agent in such multi-component products are mixed only immediately prior to application. The term "immediately prior to application" is well known to those skilled in the art. The period of time during which a ready-to-use coating composition is prepared by mixing the components prior to the actual application depends on the pot life of the coating application.

[0121] The coating composition according to the present invention is Kit of Parts from, Kit of Parts The coating composition prepared in this manner is ready for application.

[0122] Preferably, the present invention Kit of Parts The coating composition of the present invention prepared from is a clearcoat coating composition.

[0123] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the coating composition is a coating composition of the present invention comprising containers C1, C2, and C3. Kit of Parts This can be prepared by mixing vessel C1 containing an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising at least one polyaspartic acid ester compound, preferably a polyaspartic acid ester compound, and vessel C2 containing a polyisocyanate (B) in an NH:NCO ratio of about 0.5:10 to 10:0.5, in some embodiments about 0.5:5 to 5:0.5, in some embodiments about 0.5:3 to 3:0.5, in some embodiments about 0.5:1.5 to 1:0.5, and in some embodiments, 1:1. When the isocyanate-reactive component (A) also contains, in addition to the polyaspartic acid ester compound, an additional compound (R) having an isocyanate-reactive group such as an OH group, one skilled in the art can adjust the amount of NH functionality of the polyaspartic acid ester compound to take into account the additional isocyanate-reactive functional groups, such as OH groups, of the additional compound (R) in order to comply with the above-described ratio of NH and additional isocyanate-reactive groups to NCO.

[0124] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating composition of the present invention Kit of Parts The solution may be prepared by mixing containers C1, C2, and C3 in a volume ratio v / v / v of about 100:90:5 to 100:110:50, preferably about 100:100:20 to 100:100:40.

[0125] Mixing can be performed manually by introducing an appropriate amount of the first component (A) into a container and mixing it with corresponding amounts of the second component (B), the third component (C), and any additional components. However, mixing of three or more components can also be performed automatically by an automated mixing system. Such an automated mixing system can include a mixing unit, more specifically a static mixer, and at least three devices, more specifically gear pumps and / or pressure valves, for supplying the isocyanate-reactive component (A), the second component (B) containing a polyisocyanate, and the solvent (S1). The static mixer can be a commercially available helical mixer, which is installed in the material supply line approximately 50-100 cm before the sprayer. Preferably, 12-18 mixing elements (each element 1 cm long and 6-8 mm in diameter) are used to ensure sufficient mixing of the three components. To prevent clogging of the material supply line, the mixing unit is preferably programmed to flush not only the helical mixer but also the downstream hose line and sprayer with the first component every 7-17 minutes. If the composition is applied by a robot, this cleaning operation is performed when the robot head is in a preset stationary position. Depending on the length of the hose lines, approximately 50 to 200 ml is discarded into a catch container. A preferred variation of this procedure is the semi-continuous conveyance of the mixed release agent composition. If the composition is forced out periodically (every 7 to 17 minutes, also into a catch container), the amount of waste can be reduced to a minimum (approximately 10 to 50 ml). In addition, cleaning may be provided for the hose lines leading from the mixer to the sprayer and for the sprayer itself. This cleaning operation is particularly preferred after long system downtimes or at the end of a shift to ensure the long life of the equipment and the continued quality of the composition.

[0126] Both in the case of manual mixing and in the case of supplying the components for automatic mixing, the separate components preferably each have a temperature of 15 to 70°C, more preferably 15 to 40°C, and more particularly 20 to 30°C.

[0127] The coating compositions of the present invention are film-forming compositions and are suitable as clearcoats, basecoats, topcoats, or primers. Thus, the coating compositions of the present invention can contain pigments, including effect pigments, glass flakes, and optionally fillers.

[0128] Particularly preferred embodiments of the coating compositions of the present invention are in the form of transparent pigmented topcoat coating compositions (tinted clearcoats) and pigment-free clearcoat coating compositions.

[0129] According to the present invention Kit of Parts applies mutatis mutandis with respect to further preferred embodiments of the coating composition of the present invention, in particular with respect to the preferred embodiments of the isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising at least one polyaspartic acid ester compound and optionally further compounds (R), the polyisocyanate (B), the solvent (S1), the additive (AD), and optional components such as solvent (S2), solvent (S3), and the additive (AD2) comprising a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles and / or a catalyst.

[0130] Inventive method for preparing at least one coating, preferably a multi-layer coating, on a substrate The present invention Kit of Parts The coating composition prepared from, or the coating composition of the present invention is preferably used as a clearcoat composition in a method for preparing a coating, preferably a multi-layer coating, on a substrate.

[0131] A third subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing at least one coating on a substrate (S), comprising the following steps: Step (1): An optional step of applying at least one base coat composition to at least a portion of a substrate (S) to form at least one base coat layer; Step (2): Kit of Partsor the coating composition of the present invention to at least a portion of the substrate (S) to be coated or directly to the at least one base coat layer formed in step (1) to form a coating layer, preferably a clear coat layer; Step (3): A step of curing the coating layer formed in step (2), or curing at least one base coat layer (if present) formed in step (1) together with the coating layer formed in step (2).

[0132] Process (1): In optional step (1) of the coating method of the present invention, a base coat composition is applied to at least a portion of a substrate (S) to form a base coat layer. Formation of the coating layer is preferably carried out by flashing off the applied coating composition. This typically involves active or passive evaporation of volatile organic compounds present in the composition, such as thinners, diluents, and solvents, for a duration of 30 seconds to 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 5 to 120°C, preferably from 5 to 45°C or from 15 to 25°C, and at a relative humidity of about 10 to 100%, preferably about 40 to 70%. Because the composition is still flowable immediately after application and at the beginning of flash-off, it is able to form a uniform, smooth coating film during the flash-off stage. However, the layer obtained from the coating composition after flash-off is not yet ready for use. In fact, it may, for example, no longer be flowable but still be soft or tacky and only partially dried. This is sometimes referred to as the dust-free time. In particular, the layer obtained from the coating composition has not yet cured, as described below.

[0133] Process (2): In step (2) of the coating method of the present invention, Kit of PartsThe coating composition prepared from the above or the coating composition of the present invention is applied to at least a portion of the substrate (S), or, if a base coat composition is applied to at least a portion of the substrate (S) in step (1), is preferably applied directly to the at least partially dried base coat layer to form a coating layer, preferably a clear coat layer. The formation of the coating layer, preferably the above-mentioned coating layer, to form the base coat layer is preferably carried out by applying the above-mentioned coating composition of the present invention to at least a portion of the substrate (S). Kit of Parts This is accomplished by flashing off the coating composition prepared from the composition of the present invention or the coating composition of the present invention. This typically involves active or passive evaporation of volatile organic compounds present in the composition, such as thinners, diluents, and solvents, at temperatures ranging from 5 to 120°C, preferably from 5 to 45°C or from 15 to 25°C, at a relative humidity of about 10 to 100%, preferably about 40 to 70%, for a duration (dust-free time) of 30 seconds to 30 minutes. Because the composition is still flowable immediately after application and at the beginning of flash-off, it is able to form a uniform, smooth coating film during the flash-off stage. However, the layer obtained from the coating composition after flash-off is not yet ready for use. In fact, it may, for example, no longer be flowable but still be soft or tacky, or may only be partially dried. In particular, the layer obtained from the coating composition is not yet cured, as described below.

[0134] Preferably, when applying the base coat composition in step (1), Kit of Parts The application of the coating composition prepared from or the coating composition of the present invention in step (2) is carried out wet-on-wet. The wet-on-wet application technique is known to those skilled in the art and refers to the technique of applying an additional coating composition before the previous coating composition has completely dried or cured, and then allowing the composite film to dry as a single entity.

[0135] In another embodiment, the base coat layer is Kit of PartsThe coating composition prepared from or the coating composition of the present invention may be dried and cured prior to application.

[0136] Process (3): In step (3) of the method of the present invention, in a first variant, the coating composition applied in step (2) is cured, or in a second variant, the coating compositions applied in steps (1) and (2) are cured together. This refers to the conversion of these coating compositions and polymeric materials into a usable state, meaning that the components comprising said cured compositions and polymeric materials can be used and transported as intended. Thus, the cured compositions and polymeric materials are in particular no longer soft or tacky, but instead have been adjusted to a solid coating film, solid polymeric material, or solid component, respectively. The film, material, or component no longer shows any substantial change in its properties, such as hardness or adhesion, even when further exposed to crosslinking conditions.

[0137] In the case of compositions applied in steps (1) and / or (2), curing is carried out by chemical curing. In the context of the present invention, the terms "chemically curable" and "chemical curing" refer, respectively, to crosslinking of the composition (forming a cured composition) initiated by chemical reaction between the functional groups of the isocyanate-reactive compound (A), the polyisocyanate (B), and optionally further reactive compounds. Of course, in the curing of a composition designated as chemically curable, physical curing, which refers to the interloping of polymer chains, may also always be present. Physical curing may even play a major role. Nevertheless, this type of composition is called chemically curable if it contains at least a proportion of chemically curable film-forming components. Curing can be accelerated by a catalyst, such as a curing catalyst. Curing can also be further accelerated by energetic activation of this chemical reaction with thermal energy or actinic radiation, or in addition to the addition of a catalyst; the term "actinic chemical curing" refers to the curing of a composition by the use of electromagnetic radiation, e.g., electron beam, NIR, or UV radiation. Thus, a film is a continuous layer of the applied coating composition or coating material, and the formation of the film is the transition of the applied coating composition or coating material from a liquid to a solid state by drying and / or curing. Both changes can occur simultaneously. Thus, the processes of at least partial drying (flash-off) of the optionally applied base coat in step (1) and at least partial drying (flash-off) of the coating composition of the present invention in step (2) overlap or are closely related to the (chemical) curing in step (3). In particular, if no additional energy activation, such as thermal energy, is provided in step (3) (which is preferred), a clear transition may not be observed from partial drying (dust-free time) to curing. Both processes occur simultaneously.

[0138] Preferably, the curing or co-curing in step (3) is carried out at a temperature of about 5 to 120°C, preferably about 5 to 45°C or about 15 to 25°C, at a relative humidity of about 10 to 100%, preferably about 40 to 70%, for 30 to 90 minutes, preferably 50 to 80 minutes.

[0139] It should be understood that the total time from application of the coating via optional step (1) and step (2) to the end of step (3) to obtain a usable or cured coating is or is within the range of the flash-off time disclosed for optional step (1) and step (2) plus the cure time for step (3).

[0140] The substrate (S) preferably used in the method of the present invention can be selected from metal substrates, plastic substrates, and substrates containing plastic and metal components. Suitable metal substrates are selected from aluminum substrates, copper substrates, zinc substrates, magnesium substrates, and substrates consisting of alloys of these metals, and steel components. The term "plastic substrate" refers to a substrate consisting of a polymer material. Suitable polymer materials for plastic substrates are selected from (i) polar plastics, such as polycarbonate, polyamide, polystyrene, styrene copolymers, polyester, polyphenylene oxide, and blends of these plastics; (ii) synthetic resins, such as polyurethane RIM, SMC, BMC, ABS; and (iii) polyolefin substrates of the polyethylene and polypropylene type with a high rubber content, such as PP-EPDM, and surface-activated polyolefin substrates. It is also possible to coat substrates made of various of the above-mentioned materials, or to coat already coated substrates, such as vehicles, aircraft, or boats and their parts, especially parts for vehicle bodies or exterior installation. Thus, the substrate (S) can be an optionally pretreated metal or plastic substrate coated with a base coat or, preferably, with a multilayer coating having defects.

[0141] The substrate (S) may be directly coated with the coating composition according to any of steps (1) and (2), if desired, without sanding and optionally after simple cleaning, to form one or more base coat layers and / or one or more clear coat layers. Preferably, a primer-surfacer coat is not applied to the substrate coated according to the present invention; instead, a base coat composition and / or a top coat coating composition, more specifically a clear coat composition, is applied directly to the substrate (S). Usable base coat materials are, in principle, any base coat material conventionally used in OEM finishing or refinishing, including water-borne and solvent-borne base coats. Such base coat materials are available, for example, from BASF Coatings GmbH.

[0142] The application of the coating composition according to the method of the present invention may be carried out by methods known and customary in the coating art for applying liquid coating materials, such as spraying, knife coating, curtain coating, vacuum coating, rolling, pouring, dipping, spin coating, squeegeeing, brushing, or squirting, or by printing techniques such as screen, gravure, flexographic, or offset printing, and also by transfer methods. Spray application methods, such as compressed air atomization (pneumatic application), airless spray, high-speed rotation, or electrostatic spray application (ESTA), are preferred, optionally in combination with hot spray application, such as hot air (hot atomization). Very particularly preferably, the coating composition of the present invention is applied via pneumatic spray application or electrostatic spray application. The coating composition of the present invention is applied so that the coating layer has a dry film thickness of preferably 5 to 100 μm, preferably 30 to 60 μm.

[0143] The present invention Kit of Parts And what has been said about the coating composition of the invention also applies mutatis mutandis to further preferred embodiments of the coating process of the invention.

[0144] Coated Substrates of the Invention The result of the coating process of the present invention is Kit of Parts a substrate (S) coated with a coating or a multi-layer effect and / or color coating obtained from a coating composition prepared from or of the coating composition of the present invention.

[0145] The present invention Kit of Parts The coating compositions prepared from, or the coating compositions of the present invention, or the coating compositions prepared from the process of the present invention for preparing a coating layer or multicoat layer on a substrate, or the coated substrate obtained from the process of the present invention can be used in a number of areas. Examples include use in automotive finishing, for repairing finishes, for automotive refinishing, and / or for coating parts for installation in or on automobiles, plastic substrates, or commercial vehicles, and / or for coating any type of item.

[0146] The present invention Kit of Parts What has been said about the coating composition of the invention and the method of the invention applies mutatis mutandis with regard to further preferred embodiments of the coated component of the invention. [Example]

[0147] The present invention will now be described in more detail using examples. However, these examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that variations of the examples are possible within the scope of the present invention, which is defined solely by the claims. Hereinafter, the terms "parts," "%," and "ratio" in the examples represent "parts by mass," "% by mass," and "mass ratio," respectively, unless otherwise specified.

[0148] How the decision is made Solids content (solid, non-volatile fraction) The non-volatile fraction was determined according to ASTM D2369 (date: 2015). In this procedure, 2 g of sample was weighed into a pre-dried aluminum dish, the sample was dried at 110 °C in a drying cabinet for 60 minutes, cooled in a desiccator and then reweighed. The residue relative to the total amount of sample introduced corresponds to the non-volatile fraction.

[0149] Determination of number-average and mass-average molecular weight Number average molecular weight (M n ) was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) according to DIN 55672-1 (March 2016). This method allows the determination of the weight average molecular weight (M) in addition to the number average molecular weight. w ) and polydispersity d (mass average molecular weight (M w ) number average molecular weight (M n It can also be used to determine the ratio of ) to ). Tetrahydrofuran was used as the eluent. Determinations were performed against polystyrene standards. The column material consisted of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer.

[0150] yellowness As an index of yellowness, the APHA color of the samples was determined spectrophotometrically and expressed in platinum / cobalt units (Pt / Co units) according to DIN EN ISO 6271:2015. Values ​​above 100 were considered unacceptable.

[0151] Scratch resistance after polishing As an indicator of scratch resistance after sanding, samples of the coating material to be tested were applied wet-in-wet using the method according to the present invention. In a first step, a commercially available black water-based basecoat was applied to a Bonder metal panel (coated with a commercially available cathodic electrodeposition coating and a commercially available conventional solvent-based primer surfacer) using a gravity-fed cup gun at a dry layer thickness of 16 μm ± 2 μm. The basecoat layer was allowed to dry for 15 minutes at a temperature of 21°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 10% (dust-free time). In a second step, the coating material to be tested was applied to the previously applied basecoat layer from the first step using a gravity-fed cup gun at a dry layer thickness of approximately 40 μm ± 5 μm. Drying of the coating material to be tested and curing of the multicoat layer formed from the basecoat layer and the coating material to be tested were completed after 90 minutes at a temperature of 21°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 10%.

[0152] After 2 hours of storage at ambient temperature, sanding sections were applied to the cured clearcoat panels (using a 3M eccentric compressed air vibratory sander at 10,000 rpm, sanding disk: 3M Finesse-it Trizact 50079). The sections were then sanded with abrasive pastes at a coarse sanding step (rotary sanding operation at 800-1,000 rpm, paste: 3M 50417 Fast Cut Plus sanding paste, sanding pad: 3M 50487 green sanding foam) and a finer sanding step (rotary sanding operation at 1,200-1,500 rpm, paste: 3M 80349 Perfect-it Extra Fine Plus sanding paste, sanding pad: 3M 50488 yellow sanding foam). After the polishing paste was removed with a microfiber cloth, the polished surface was visually inspected for scratch appearance and gloss retention and categorized on a scale of 3 (unacceptable, scratches 3.0 cm or longer visible to the naked eye from a distance of 50 cm) to 1 (acceptable, no visible scratches or scratches less than 0.5 cm long visible to the naked eye from a distance of 50 cm).

[0153] Potlife Pot life is defined as the time at which the kinematic viscosity of the sample under test exceeds 24 s in a DIN 4 mm cup (DIN 53211) at 23°C. A pot life of at least 28 minutes is acceptable.

[0154] material Desmophen® NH1420, a polyaspartic acid ester (amine number 195-205) prepared from bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-methane, Covestro AG, Germany.

[0155] Desmodur® N3600, an aliphatic isocyanate polymer based on hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI homopolymer) (NCO content 23.0, viscosity 1100 mPas*s at 25°C, equivalent weight 183, solids content 100%), Covestro GmbH, Germany.

[0156] Desmodur® Z4470MPA / X, an aliphatic polyisocyanate based on isophorone diisocyanate trimer (IPDI trimer) (NCO content 11.9, viscosity 1500 mPas*s at 25°C, equivalent weight 360, solids content 70% in 1-methoxypropyl acetate-2 / xylene 1:1), Covestro, Germany.

[0157] Tolonate™ X FLO100, an aliphatic isocyanate polymer based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) (NCO content 12.3±1.0%, viscosity at 25°C 140±80 mPas*s, equivalent weight 341, solids content 100%), Vencorex, France.

[0158] Tinuvin® 384, a liquid UV absorber (UVA) with chemical structure: 95% benzenepropanoic acid, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, C7-9-branched and linear alkyl esters, 5% 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, BASF SE, Germany.

[0159] Tinuvin® 292, a liquid hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) having the chemical structures a) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate and b) methyl 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl sebacate, BASF SE GmbH, Germany.

[0160] BYK302, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, Byk Chemie GmbH, Germany.

[0161] NanoBYK3650, a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles, Byk Chemie GmbH, Germany.

[0162] The solvent n-butyl acetate is commercially available from BASF SE, Germany, Oxea GmbH, Germany, or Ineo.

[0163] The solvent 5-methylhexan-2-one (MIAK) is commercially available from Eastman.

[0164] The solvent 2-methylpropan-1-ol (isobutanol) is commercially available from BASF SE, Germany, Oxea GmbH, Germany, Ineos, or Sasol.

[0165] The solvent 2-butoxyethan-1-ol is commercially available from BASF SE, Germany, Ineos, Dow, USA, or Sasol.

[0166] The solvent 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate (MPA) is commercially available from BASF SE, Germany, Shell, or Dow, USA.

[0167] The solvent 4-methylpentan-2-one (MIBK) is commercially available from Arkema, Celanese, USA, Dow, USA, Eastman, Sasol or Shell.

[0168] The solvent xylene is commercially available from Total, Arsol, or Raffenerie Heide.

[0169] 1. Preparation of a composition containing polyaspartic acid ester, UVA and / or HALS additives

[0170] The components of the coating composition were formulated as shown in Table 1 using the polyaspartic acid ester Desmophen® NH1420 in combination with typical UVA and / or HALS additives.

[0171] [Table 1]

[0172] The color stability of the components containing polyaspartic acid ester and UVA and / or HALS additives was examined by APHA color determination, as described above, immediately after mixing the components (t=0) and after storage at 50°C for 1 week, 2 weeks, and then 3 weeks.

[0173] The results in Table 1 clearly show that, compared to the very slow increase in APHA color of Formulation (1A) (Formulation (1A) does not contain any UVA or HALS additives or additional solvents), the addition of Tinuvin® 292 as an exemplary HALS additive (Formulation 1B), Tinuvin® 384 as an exemplary UVA additive (Formulation 1C), or the addition of a combination of HALS and UVA additives as a typical UVA / HALS package (Formulation 1D) resulted in a significant increase in APHA color over time, with the formulations containing the HALS additive achieving a just acceptable yellowness index of 100 already after 3 weeks of storage at 50° C. Thus, the addition of Tinuvin® 292 and / or Tinuvin® 384 to the same formulations containing polyaspartic acid ester as exemplary UVA / HALS additives results in yellowness during storage.

[0174] 2. Preparation of Components Containing Polyaspartic Ester, UVA and HALS Additives, and Selected Organic Solvent

[0175] The coating composition components were formulated as shown in Table 2, combining the polyaspartic acid ester Desmophen® NH1420 with typical UVA and HALS additives and selected solvents.

[0176] [Table 2]

[0177] The color stability of the components containing polyaspartic acid ester, UVA and HALS additives, and certain solvents was examined by APHA color determination, as described above, immediately after mixing the components (t=0), and after storage at 50°C for 1 week, 2 weeks, and then 3 weeks.

[0178] The results in Table 2 show that adding the hydroxyl-containing organic solvents 2-methylpropan-1-ol (Formula 2F) and 2-butoxyethan-1-ol (Formula 2G) to the formulations already showed a strong increase in the APHA color of the ingredients within one week, while the addition of organic solvents without free hydroxyl groups, such as 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate, 4-methylpentan-2-one, and xylene (Formulas 2H-2J), showed a slower, but still acceptable, increase in APHA color as an indicator of yellowing after three weeks of storage at 50°C.

[0179] Thus, 2-methylpropan-1-ol and 2-butoxyethan-1-ol, as examples of hydroxyl-functional monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols, when combined with polyaspartic esters and UVA / HALS packages, resulted in strong yellowing during storage.

[0180] 3. Preparation of a multi-component coating composition from three separately prepared components (A), (B), and (C)

[0181] Three separately prepared components (A), (B), and (C) of a multi-component coating composition according to the present invention were blended. Here, component (C) contained the total amount of the UVA additive, the HALS additive, and 2-butoxyethan-1-ol as an exemplary alkoxy monoalcohol in the entire multi-component coating composition. Furthermore, a non-pigmented coating composition according to the present invention was prepared by vigorously mixing and homogenizing the separately prepared components (A), (B), and (C) in a volume ratio (v / v / v) of 100 parts A + 100 parts B + 10 parts C, as shown in Table 3.

[0182] [Table 3]

[0183] The color stability of the three individual components A, B, and C was examined by APHA color determination according to the method described above immediately after mixing the individual components (t=0) and after storage at 50°C for 1 week, 2 weeks, and then 3 weeks.

[0184] The results in Table 3 show that the APHA color of Component A, which contains a polyaspartic acid ester and n-butyl acetate as the organic solvent (a solvent that does not contain free hydroxyl groups or is a ketone), is very stable and low. The same applies to Component B, which contains a combination of three isocyanate group-containing compounds and n-butyl acetate. Only the third Component C, which contains UVA and HALS additives and 2-butoxyethan-1-ol as an exemplary alkoxy monoalcohol, showed a small, non-significant increase in APHA color of 20 points after three weeks of storage at 50°C.

[0185] Multi-component non-pigmented coating composition V1 was prepared by vigorous mixing of three separate components (A), (B), and (C). Direct determination of APHA color (t=0) showed a low value of 40, identical to the initial APHA color determined immediately after mixing the components of formulations 2E-2J. After mixing the components, a pot life of approximately 37 minutes at room temperature (23°C) prevented further measurements of APHA color.

[0186] 4. Preparation of a multi-component coating composition comprising three separately prepared components (A), (B), and (C) containing an additive (AD2) selected from a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles

[0187] In another set of experiments, multi-component coating compositions for coating V1 were prepared as described above in Section 3, Table 3, whereby, in addition to the above given formulation for coating V1, an additive (AD2) selected from a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles (Nanobyk3650) was added to component (A) in total amounts of 0, 2, 4, and 10% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of component (A). Thus, the additive (AD2) selected from a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles was added in total amounts of 0, 0.9, 1.9, and 4.5% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of the coating composition. Further coating compositions V2, V3, and V4 of the present invention were prepared as shown in Table 4.

[0188] [Table 4]

[0189] The pot life of Coating Compositions V1-V4 was determined by the method described above immediately after mixing the individual components. The results in Table 4 show that with increasing amounts of surface-treated nanoparticle dispersion (NanoBYK3650) added, the pot life decreased from 37 minutes (Coating V1, 0%) to a still acceptable 29 minutes (Coating V3, 4%), down to an unacceptable 15 minutes (Coating V4, 10%).

[0190] The scratch resistance performance after polishing of coatings V1-V4 according to the present invention was determined using the method described above. The results in Table 4 show that the scratch resistance performance after polishing improved with increasing amounts of surface-treated nanoparticle dispersion (NanoBYK3650) added to the coating formulation.

[0191] Furthermore, the gloss retention of coating V3 after 6 weeks of reflow was determined by scratching applied by a linear abrasion tester (Crockmeter) using 2 μm and 9 μm abrasive paper from 3M at an angle of 20° in strict accordance with DIN 55654:2015-08. Good gloss retention values ​​of 68% and 67% were obtained.

[0192] The optimum balance between the need for acceptable pot life and high scratch resistance performance after polishing appeared to be achieved with inventive coating composition V3, which contained 4 wt. % of the surface-treated nanoparticle dispersion (NanoBYK3650).

Claims

1. A kit of parts comprising three separate containers C1, C2 and C3, wherein: the contents of container C1, the contents of container C2, and the contents of container C3 are mixed together to prepare a curable coating composition; a) the contents of container C1 contain an isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising a polyaspartic acid ester compound; b) the contents of container C2 contain polyisocyanate (B), c) the contents of container C3 contain solvent (S1); The contents of container C2, the contents of container C3, or both the contents of container C2 and the contents of container C3 contain a solvent (S2), or solvent (S2) is not present in the kit of parts; and The contents of container C1, the contents of container C3, or both the contents of container C1 and the contents of container C3 contain an additive (AD), or the additive (AD) is not present in the kit of parts; the solvent (S1) is selected from monoalcohols, alkoxy monoalcohols, and combinations of monoalcohols and alkoxy monoalcohols; the solvent (S2) is a ketone, and the additive (AD) is selected from a UV absorber, a hindered amine light stabilizer, and a combination of a UV absorber and a hindered amine light stabilizer; A kit of parts, characterized in that the additive (AD2) selected from a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles is present in the kit of parts in a total amount of 0.5 to 5.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the kit of parts, or the additive (AD2) selected from a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles is absent from the kit of parts.

2. 2. The kit of parts according to claim 1, wherein the contents of container C1 comprise solvent (S1), solvent (S2) and / or additive (AD) in a total amount of less than 10% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the contents of container C1, or wherein the contents of container C1 do not comprise solvent (S1), solvent (S2) and / or additive (AD).

3. 3. The kit of parts of claim 1 or 2, wherein the monoalcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, n- and iso-propanol, and butanols, including 1-butanol (n-butanol), 2-butanol (sec-butanol), 2-methylpropan-1-ol (iso-butanol), and 2-methylpropanol (tert-butanol).

4. 4. The kit of parts according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alkoxy monoalcohol is selected from glycol ethers.

5. The solvent (S2) is a compound represented by the general formula R ａ C(=O)R ｂ wherein R ａ and R ｂ are non-identical alkyl groups directly bonded to the carbonyl group C=O, and R ａ is a group of general formula C which is derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear arrangement of constituent carbon atoms containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ｐ H ２ｐ＋１ and R ｂ is a group of general formula C which is derived from an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having a linear or branched arrangement of constituent carbon atoms containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. ｐ H ２ｐ＋１ 5. The kit of parts according to claim 1, wherein the aryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

6. 6. The kit of parts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the solvent (S2) is 5-methylhexan-2-one.

7. 7. The kit of parts according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of additives (AD) selected from UV absorbers, hindered amine light stabilizers, and combinations of UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers, based on the total weight of the additives (AD) in the kit of parts, is contained in container C3.

8. 8. The kit of parts of claim 1, wherein the polyaspartic acid ester compound has an equivalent weight of 200 to 500.

9. 9. A kit of parts according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the contents of any one of containers C1, C2 and / or C3 comprise an additive (AD2) selected from a dispersion of surface-treated silica nanoparticles.

10. 10. The kit-of-parts of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate (B) comprises at least one aliphatic isocyanate-functional material and at least one cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional material.

11. 11. The kit of parts according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate (B) comprises at least one aliphatic isocyanate-functional material and at least one cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional material, the cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials being present in a total amount of more than 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate-functional materials contained in the polyisocyanate (B).

12. 12. A coating composition prepared from the kit-of-parts of any one of claims 1 to 11 by mixing the contents of at least containers C1, C2 and C3.

13. 13. The coating composition of claim 12, wherein the contents of vessel C1 comprising the isocyanate-reactive component (A) comprising at least one polyaspartic acid ester compound and the contents of vessel C2 comprising the polyisocyanate (B) are mixed in an NH:NCO ratio of 0.5:10 to 10:0.

5.

14. The following steps: (1) providing a substrate (S) without a base coat layer formed thereon, or applying at least one base coat composition to at least a portion of the substrate to provide a substrate (S) with at least one base coat layer formed thereon; (2) applying a coating composition prepared from the kit-of-parts according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the coating composition according to claim 12 or 13 to at least a portion of the substrate or directly to the at least one base coat layer formed in step (1) to form a coating layer; (3) curing the coating layer formed in step (2), or, if present, curing at least one base coat layer formed in step (1) together with the coating layer formed in step (2); 1. A method for preparing at least one coating on a substrate (S), comprising:

15. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the substrate (S) is a pretreated or non-pretreated metal or plastic substrate coated with a base coat or with a multi-layer coating.

16. A coated substrate (S) obtained by the method according to claim 14 or 15.

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