Powder containing a carrier to which the active ingredient is applied via a solvent

Abstract

The present disclosure provides insecticidal compositions capable of controlling insects, including bed bugs. The present disclosure further provides methods of applying the insecticidal compositions described herein to control insects, including bed bug infestations. The present disclosure further provides methods of making insecticidal compositions useful for controlling insects, including bed bugs.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure provides insecticidal compositions capable of controlling insects, including bed bugs. The present disclosure further provides methods of applying the insecticidal compositions described herein to control insects, including bed bug infestations. The present disclosure further provides methods of making insecticidal compositions useful for controlling insects, including bed bugs. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a continuing need for compositions and methods that can effectively control bed bugs.

[0003] Bed bugs have been known as parasites for thousands of years, feeding on blood. Treatment for bed bug bites is directed at managing symptoms. Patient responses to bites vary from no visible effect, to small spots, to prominent wheals and blisters accompanied by intense itching that can persist for several days.

[0004] Central bleeding points may also occur, triggered by the release of anticoagulants in the insect's saliva. Symptoms may not appear until several days after the bite, and reactions often occur sooner after multiple bites, possibly due to sensitization to the bed bug's anticoagulant salivary proteins. Skin reactions typically occur within the bite area, most commonly on the arms, shoulders, and legs. Multiple bites may lead to an erythematous rash or hives.

[0005] More severe bed bug infestations and chronic bites are known to cause anxiety, stress, and insomnia in some patients. As patients become overwhelmingly obsessed with bed bugs, the development of intractable delusional parasitosis can occur. Therefore, improved methods and compositions for controlling bed bugs in homes and hotels are needed.

[0006] Eliminating bed bugs from homes is often difficult, in part because bed bugs can survive for up to a year without feeding. Repeated treatment of infested areas may be required. Traditionally, such treatments may include heating the room to 57°C (or 135°F) or 60°C (140°F) for 6 to 8 hours, frequent vacuuming, drying / washing clothes at high temperatures, and the use of various insecticides.

[0007] Bed bug infestations are a global problem occurring in all habitable areas, especially in densely populated areas. Bed bug infestations have become relatively common, especially since the 1990s. Possible contributing factors include a significant increase in human travel and migration rates, an increased frequency of replacement of used furniture such as mattresses and sofas, an increased emphasis on controlling other more harmful pests, and increasing insecticide resistance.

[0008] Bed bug control is essential to the hospitality industry. A 2017 survey found that 80% of hotels had addressed bed bugs in the previous year, and approximately 40% had treated for bed bugs within the previous month. Ongoing monitoring and treatment for bed bugs is routine and expensive; on average, hotels spend $6,383 per bed bug incident. Common costs associated with bed bug infestations include fabric replacement, treatment, and lost business.

[0009] Additionally, nearly half of all hotels have been sued over bed bug infestations, averaging over $17,000 per case, totaling approximately $240,000 in litigation and remediation costs for a single bed bug case. Additionally, hotels treat for bed bugs approximately seven times every five years, on average.

[0010] While bed bug resistance to active ingredients is not a new phenomenon, reports of resistance to bed bug spray formulations are a troubling development. The ever-increasing reports of bed bug resistance to modern insecticidal solutions only highlight the fact that there is an urgent need for products that can break bed bug resistance.

[0011] A variety of suspension concentrate products have been developed to control bed bugs, including TEMPRID®, TANDEM®, TRANSPORT® MIKRON™, and CROSSFIRE®. These formulations have limited effectiveness against highly resistant bed bug strains. Active ingredient combination products have had varying degrees of success in the past, but bed bugs have an inherent tendency to develop resistance to active ingredients, even when used in combination.

[0012] The inventors have found that the methods and formulations described herein demonstrate unexpected effectiveness in controlling insects, including bed bugs, that have developed resistance to many existing treatment methods. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that the compositions and methods described herein exhibit surprising control of insects, including bed bugs.

[0014] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides: (a) at least one active pesticidal ingredient; (b) at least one carrier.

[0015] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises: (c) at least one solvent; (d) at least one surfactant.

[0016] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of controlling insects comprising applying a spray-type insecticidal composition comprising a composition disclosed herein to the insect, surface, or object to be treated.

[0017] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of controlling insects comprising applying a sprayable powder insecticidal composition comprising a composition disclosed herein diluted with water to the insects, surface, or object to be treated.

[0018] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides: In the first step, (a) at least one surfactant; (b) at least one solvent; (c) preparing an emulsifiable concentrate comprising at least one active pesticidal ingredient; In a second step, at least one carrier is added to the emulsifiable concentrate to suspend the carrier in the emulsifiable concentrate.

[0019] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides: In the first step, (a) at least one surfactant; (b) at least one solvent; (c) preparing an emulsifiable concentrate comprising at least one active pesticidal ingredient; In a second step, adding at least one carrier to the emulsifiable concentrate to suspend the carrier in the emulsifiable concentrate; and in a third step, diluting the emulsifiable concentrate in water or other solvent.

[0020] In some embodiments, the active ingredient is a sodium channel blocker.

[0021] In some embodiments, the active ingredient is a nicotinic receptor agonist.

[0022] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises a combination of one or more sodium channel blockers.

[0023] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises a combination of one or more nicotinic receptor agonists.

[0024] In some embodiments, the insecticidal composition comprises a combination of one or more sodium channel blockers and one or more nicotinic receptor agonists.

[0025] In some embodiments, the carrier is an inert carrier that has been shown to possess pesticidal activity, i.e., drying properties, abrasive properties, thermal properties, and the like.

[0026] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition is micronized or solubilized on carrier particles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that the compositions and methods described herein exhibit surprising control of insects, including bed bugs.

[0028] Bed bugs have an inherent tendency to develop resistance to active ingredients (AIs), even when used in combination. However, bed bugs have not yet developed significant resistance to physical modes of action such as heat, dryness, and / or abrasion. Therefore, the present invention represents a proactive response to the growing threat of bed bug resistance in the pest control industry.

[0029] Spray formulations have also been developed in the industry to combat resistant bed bugs using various modes of action, such as the drying properties of silica aerogels (e.g., CimeXa) or the abrasive properties of diatomaceous earth. These currently available spray formulations have some effectiveness against resistant bed bugs due to their alternative modes of action (e.g., damaging the bed bug cuticle through physical means rather than physiological effects on the nervous system), but lack the "kill rate" that would be desired from traditional suspension concentrate formulations.

[0030] For example, the inventors of the present disclosure have found that dusting powder insecticide formulations differ in bioavailability and therefore in effectiveness from traditional insecticide suspension concentrate formulations.In addition, while insecticide powders generally have a high degree of effectiveness against insects, the application of such powders has traditionally been a labor-intensive process involving manual sprayers, which requires pest control operators to crawl under difficult-to-reach areas to apply the product.On the other hand, traditional spray products are easy to apply, but lack the bioavailability and persistence of traditional powder products.

[0031] The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that, in certain embodiments, combining a dustable powder with a suspension concentrate can achieve improved bed bug control over existing compositions and methods. Incorporating an insecticidal powder into an emulsifiable concentrate sprayable product improves the accessibility of powder application to traditional spraying services. The present invention also allows for liquid spray application of insecticidal powder, which is significantly less labor-intensive than traditional powder application. Furthermore, liquid spray deposition allows for uniform distribution of the product on the surface compared to powder distribution.

[0032] The inventors have therefore found that the dustable powder compositions described herein, and methods of using and applying them, exhibit surprisingly improved control of insects, including bed bugs, over existing compositions and methods. The described invention bridges the gap between traditional spray products and traditional powder products.

[0033] The compositions and methods of the invention described herein possess multiple modes of action to overcome the resistance exhibited by some specialized strains of pests such as bed bugs.

[0034] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides pesticidal compositions comprising: (a) at least one active pesticidal ingredient; and (b) at least one carrier.

[0035] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises (c) at least one solvent and (d) at least one surfactant.

[0036] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention comprise a solubilized active ingredient incorporated into a microparticulate carrier.

[0037] In some embodiments, one or more insecticidal powders are incorporated into the compositions of the present invention to increase the bioavailability of the carrier on the microscopically porous substrate, serving to extend residual efficacy as any insect passing through the insecticidal powder is exposed to both the insecticidal carrier and the solubilized or suspended active ingredient.

[0038] In addition, in some embodiments, carriers also have insecticidal properties themselves, and have different modes of action, such as drying properties, abrasive properties, or heat properties, which absorb waxy cuticle layer and dry insects, leading to insect death, thus increasing effectiveness.Surprisingly, it has been found that when the active ingredient itself has insecticidal properties and such carriers are used together, they can overcome bed bug resistance.In some embodiments, the active ingredient is micronized or solubilized on carrier particles.

[0039] Additionally, in certain aspects, the compositions described herein exhibit improved residual properties, surface compatibility, and surface bioavailability for all active ingredients contained therein.

[0040] When combined, the carrier and active ingredient can have unexpected effects, such as absorption of the insect's waxy cuticle layer (which normally acts as a barrier to the entry of sprayed active ingredients) by the carrier, allowing the active ingredient to penetrate more easily into the insect's hemolymph, etc. The combined effect is two-fold: decomposition of the insect's cuticle coupled with penetration of the active ingredient into the body.

[0041] In some embodiments, a simple aqueous tank mix of carrier and active ingredient is not sufficient for simultaneous decomposition and penetration.In the present invention, the active ingredient is micronized or solubilized on carrier particles, thus achieving simultaneous decomposition and penetration of the carrier and active ingredient into insects at each contact point.Improved insecticidal efficacy is achieved by combining one or more active ingredients with a carrier in such a way that the active ingredient is micronized or solubilized on carrier particles, such as silica carriers.In contrast, a formulation in which the active ingredient and silica are all micronized as a conventional suspension concentrate will not achieve the same effectiveness because the silica no longer serves as a carrier for the active ingredient.Bed bugs or other insects / pests will interact with the silica and active ingredient separately at different contact points in such a conventional suspension concentrate.However, the composition of the present invention achieves a true combination, thus achieving simultaneous contact of silica and active ingredient with target pests.

[0042] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention comprise a solid carrier without a liquid component. In some aspects, such embodiments may be sprayed or otherwise dispersed without the use of a spray, eliminating the need for incorporation into a liquid. In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein are dusting agents.

[0043] The composition may be a concentrate or a ready-to-use composition. A concentrate refers to a composition that is diluted to form a ready-to-use composition. A ready-to-use composition refers to a composition that is applied to a target. A concentrated composition can be diluted before use, for example, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:99, or any other suitable ratio that results in an effective amount of the active ingredient (pheromone component and / or insecticide) in the diluted solution.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are formulated as aqueous silica suspensions.

[0045] In certain embodiments, the composition of the present invention comprises a solid carrier incorporated into a liquid that can be sprayed.Incorporating into a liquid will preserve the beneficial properties of the composition described herein (i.e., improved surface bioavailability, surface compatibility, and residual properties).Incorporating into a sprayable liquid formulation will further enable more usage patterns, more specific dosage, and wider range of application speeds to be supported.

[0046] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein are suspension concentrate formulations.

[0047] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein are carrier-based suspension concentrate formulations.

[0048] In some embodiments, the inert carrier selected possesses insecticidal activity due to a drying, abrasive, or thermal effect.

[0049] In certain embodiments, the support is silica or any silica-based or silica-derived support.

[0050] Suitable solid carriers are, for example, terrestrial natural minerals such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, or diatomaceous earth, and terrestrial synthetic minerals such as finely divided silica, alumina, and silicates. Suitable solid carriers for granules are, for example, crushed and divided natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite, and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic foods and granules of organic materials such as rice husks, coconut shells, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.

[0051] In certain embodiments, whether or not the carrier is incorporated into the liquid component, the carrier is silica aerogel, amorphous silica, microporous silica, talc, diatomaceous earth, clay, defatted or dehydrated corn grit, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydrosilicate (kaolinite), and / or gypsum.

[0052] In some embodiments, any solvent and surfactant may be used to prepare the compositions according to the present invention.

[0053] In some embodiments, any solvent may be employed to incorporate the solid ingredients into the sprayable formulation.

[0054] In certain embodiments, the solvent is a water-immiscible, low-volatility organic solvent.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the solvent is N,N-dimethyl(octanamide / decanamide).

[0056] In other embodiments, the solvent is 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl lactate, dibutyl isosorbide, cyclohexanone, propylene glycol phenyl ether, and combinations and / or derivatives thereof.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the solvent is a nonionic or anionic emulsifier such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alcohol ether, e.g., alkylaryl polyglycol ether, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, aryl sulfonate, and protein hydrolyzate. Suitable dispersants include, for example, lignosulfite waste liquor and methylcellulose.

[0058] In some embodiments, surfactants can be used to aid in the solubility of the composition or its components and to improve the homogeneity of the composition. Surfactants can also be used to reduce surface tension and aid in the application of the composition, for example, by spraying. Suitable surfactants include, for example, nonionic, cationic, anionic, zwitterionic (amphoteric), or semi-polar nonionic surfactants, and combinations thereof. Exemplary emulsifiers include fatty carboxylic acids, fatty carboxylate salts, and esters of fatty carboxylic acids, such as polyglyceryl oleate, polyglyceryl stearate, or lecithin. The surfactant can be selected based on the intended use of the composition. For example, surfactants can be incorporated into the composition to improve the solubility of the active ingredient, form an emulsion, improve wetting, or for other similar purposes. The composition can contain about 0-20% by weight of surfactant, or about 0.5-15% by weight of surfactant. For example, suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene sorbitol oleate, block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate / propoxylate, polyoxyethylene castor oil, alkoxylated phosphate esters, and combinations and / or derivatives thereof.

[0059] In one aspect, any insecticidal active ingredient may be used in accordance with the present invention. Suitable active ingredients include:

[0060] dd-T-cyphenothrin, acrinathrin, permethrin, fenothrin, d-fenothrin, allethrin, d-allethrin, dd-allethrin, pyrethrins, prallethrin, cyphenothrin, cyfluthrin, β-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, cycloprothrin, cyhalothrin, λ-cyhalothrin, γ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, σ-cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin, deltamethrin, terallethrin, tef pyrethroid compounds such as lutrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, τ-fluvalinate, profluthrin, halfenprox, imiprothrin, benfluthrin, resmethrin, d-resmethrin, silafluofen, tralomethrin, tetramethrin, d-tetramethrin, flumethrin, metofluthrin, fenpropathrin, transfluthrin, or etofenprox,

[0061] organophosphorus compounds such as acephate, butathiophos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cyanophos, diazinon, bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether (DCIP), diclofenthion, dichlorovos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, o-ethyl-o-(4-nitrophenyl)phenylphosphonothioate (EPN), ethion, ethoprophos, etrimphos, fenthion, fenitrothion, fosthiazate, formothion, isofenphos, isoxathion, malathion, mesulfenphos, methidathion, monocrotophos, naled, parathion, phosalone, phosmet, pirimiphos-methyl, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, phenthoate, profenphos, propafos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, salithion, sulprofos, temephos, terbufos, trichlorfon, or cadusafos;

[0062] N-phenylpyrazole compounds such as fipronil,

[0063] Carbamate compounds such as proposquil, alanycarb, benfuracarb, basa (BPMC), carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, methomyl, methiocarb, carbaryl (NAC), oxamyl, pirimicarb, 3,5-xylylmethylcarbamate (XMC), thiodicarb, xylicarb, or aldicarb;

[0064] oxadiazole compounds such as methoxadiazone,

[0065] Neonicotinoid compounds such as imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, or thiacloprid,

[0066] insect growth regulators such as pyriproxyfen, methoprene, hydroprene, fenoxycarb, etoxazole, chlorfluazuron, triazuron, novaluron, hexaflumuron, diflubenzuron, cyromazine, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, or lufenuron;

[0067] Macrolide compounds such as milbemycin, abamectin, or ivermectin, and

[0068] Diamide compounds such as chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, flubendiamide, or cyhalodiamide are included.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is a sodium channel blocker.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is a pyrethroid.

[0071] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is alpha-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenothrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, or a combination thereof.

[0072] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is a nicotinic receptor agonist.

[0073] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is a neonicotinoid such as asimidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, flupyradifurone, dinotefuran, clothianidin, or a combination thereof.

[0074] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise a combination of two or more active ingredients.

[0075] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention contain both a sodium channel blocker and a nicotinic receptor agonist as active ingredients. In some aspects, the sodium channel blocker is a pyrethroid, and the nicotinic receptor agonist is a neonicotinoid. In certain embodiments, the sodium channel blocker is α-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenothrin, cyhalothrin, γ-cyhalothrin, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the nicotinic receptor agonist is imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyradifurone, dinotefuran, clothianidin, or a combination thereof.

[0076] In certain embodiments, the amount, concentration, and rate of application of the sodium channel blocker or nicotinic receptor agonist, as well as the total amount of composition employed, will depend on the particular insect pest strain and pest occurrence. The optimal ratio and overall rate to be used can be determined for each application by test series.

[0077] In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise a concentration of 0.0001 mg / m 2 ~1000mg / m 2 , or 0.0005 mg / m 2 ~500mg / m 2 , or 0.001 mg / m 2 ~250mg / m 2 , or 0.005 mg / m 2 ~100mg / m 2 containing a sodium channel blocker at a concentration of

[0078] In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise a concentration of 0.0001 mg / m 2 ~1000mg / m 2 , or 0.0005 mg / m 2 ~500mg / m 2 , or 0.001 mg / m 2 ~250mg / m 2 , or 0.005 mg / m 2 ~100mg / m 2 The composition contains a nicotinic receptor agonist at a concentration of

[0079] In one embodiment, compositions of the present invention containing both a sodium channel blocker ("SCB") and a nicotinic receptor agonist ("NRA") contain the SCB and NRA in an SCB:NRA ratio of 1:200 to 200:1, or 1:100 to 100:1, or 1:50 to 50:1, or 1:25 to 25:1, or 1:10 to 10:1.

[0080] In certain aspects, the present disclosure provides methods of preventing or controlling insects or pests comprising applying a composition discussed herein to the insect, surface, or object to be treated.

[0081] In one aspect, according to the methods of the present invention, the compositions described herein are administered in an amount of 0.0001 mg / m 2 ~1000mg / m 2 , or 0.0005 mg / m 2 ~500mg / m 2 , or 0.001 mg / m 2 ~250mg / m2 , or 0.005 mg / m 2 ~100mg / m 2 is applied to a surface or other area at an application rate of

[0082] The combination of pyrethroids and nicotinic receptor agonists achieves effective insecticidal activity because the nicotinic receptor agonists increase sodium channel opening, thereby increasing the uptake of molecules that act on sodium channels. Previous products have combined pyrethroids and neonicotinoid active ingredients in formulations of suspended micronized active ingredients. However, these combined products have not overcome all forms of resistance found in selected bed bug strains. The composition of the present invention differs in that, in certain embodiments, one or more solubilized active ingredients are combined with an inert carrier.

[0083] The formulations described herein can be dusted or sprayed onto surfaces. When sprayed, the liquid application dries, leaving behind an insecticidal powder residue. Insecticide powders are known for their excellent residual efficacy.

[0084] The incorporation of powders into spray products has not previously been seen in the pest control industry for the control of insects such as bed bugs. Furthermore, the specific combination of carrier powders, such as silica powder and active ingredients, results in resistance destruction behavior not seen from either the powder or the AI ​​separately.

[0085] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention comprise active ingredients in addition to a sodium channel blocker and / or a nicotinic receptor agonist. In certain aspects, any additional insecticidal or biocidal active ingredient may be present in the composition.

[0086] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention further comprise one or more active ingredients selected from diamide / pyridylpyrazoles, brofuranilide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, isoxazolines, afoxolaner, fluralaner, fluxametamide, oxadiazines / semicarbazones, indoxacarb, and metaflumizone.

[0087] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present invention may be formulated with emulsifiers in a suspoemulsion.

[0088] The present disclosure further provides methods for preparing sprayable powders of the compositions described herein. The order and method of combination is important in the performance of the final product.

[0089] In some aspects, for the preparation of certain embodiments of the present invention, a conventional emulsifiable concentrate containing a solvent, surfactant, and active ingredient is first prepared. In some aspects, a mixer may be employed.

[0090] The carrier is then added and incorporated into the emulsifiable concentrate under moderate to high shear. Over time, the emulsifiable concentrate is completely absorbed into the carrier. In some embodiments, a high shear mixer may be employed.

[0091] The carrier is then suspended in the emulsifiable concentrate. In one embodiment, a high shear mixer may be employed.

[0092] In some embodiments, the carrier particles, such as silica particles, used to prepare the compositions of the present invention can be of any particle size and any pore size.

[0093] In one embodiment, conventional manufacturing means can be employed to prepare the emulsifiable concentrate, including mixing one or more solvents, one or more surfactants, and one or more active ingredients.

[0094] To prepare a sprayable formulation, dilution in water or another sprayable solvent is finally performed. Upon dilution in the spray tank with water, the emulsifiable concentrate forms an emulsion in water. The carrier remains suspended in the spray tank, and due to the long time required for adsorption / desorption kinetics, very little of the emulsifiable concentrate desorbs from the silica aerogel. Such adsorption / desorption times depend on properties such as the pore size of the carrier, the steric volume of the surfactant used, and the binding coefficient between the emulsifiable concentrate solvent and the carrier.

[0095] In one aspect, any pest or insect may be controlled by the compositions and / or methods taught herein. Some embodiments of the present invention can be used to control pests such as arthropods, including insects and arachnids. Exemplary pests include arthropods such as insects, spiders, centipedes, and millipedes, bed bugs, German cockroaches (Blattella germanica), American cockroaches (Periplaneta fuliginosa), American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), fire ants (Solenopsis invicta), Japanese carpenter ants (Camponotus pennsylvanicus), wrinkled ants (Tetramorium caespitum), wood ants (Formica spp.), wood ants (Lasius spp.), wood ants (Formica spp.), house flies (Musca domestica), broad-banded blowflies (Lucilia sericata), long-legged silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudata), spotted silverfish (Thermobia domestica), black bean aphids (Aphis fabae), pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), termites (Reticulitermes flavipes), granary rice weevil (Sitophilus granarius), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), flour beetle (Tribolium confusum), rust beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus), house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae), millipede (Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus), centipede (Strigamia aluminata), woodlouse (Oniscus asellus), oribatid mites (Haplozetes species), house cricket (Acheta domestica), black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans), brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa, and the house ant (Monomorium pharaonis).Exemplary pests include arthropod eggs, including bedbug eggs and cockroach eggs. Other exemplary pests include whiteflies, mosquitoes, other species of flies, other species of aphids, other species of silverfish, lice, stink bugs, moths, beetles, earwigs, whiteflies, green peach aphids, western flower thrips, diamondback moths, grain flies, grasshoppers, crickets, locusts, leafhoppers, planthoppers, psyllids, scale insects, midges, fruit flies, and tobacco moths. These include, but are not limited to, insect larvae, pink bollworm larvae, armyworm larvae, tortrix larvae, caterpillars, monarch butterflies, mealybugs, weevils, botflies, houseflies, sawflies, rice bugs, coffee bugs, vegetable bugs, corn borer larvae, horn flies, blowflies, pill bugs, mites, centipedes, and millipedes. Exemplary pests also include arachnids, including house ghost spiders, mites, black widow spiders, and brown recluse spiders. Potential pests also include, but are not limited to, scorpions and other spider species. The present disclosure is intended to encompass use against all of the above, as well as other pests, including other insects and arachnids, and other organisms, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes.

[0096] In some embodiments, the pesticidal compositions described herein are effective for killing and / or controlling pest insects, and / or preventing or reducing egg laying and / or preventing or reducing the hatching of their eggs. In some embodiments, the pesticidal compositions described herein exhibit effective overwhelm pesticidal activity, exhibit effective dry residue pesticidal activity, and / or exhibit effective long-term residue pesticidal activity.

[0097] Some embodiments of the present invention can be used to control pests that affect humans and non-human mammals, including bed bugs, cockroaches, lice, fleas, ticks, mites, and mange. Some embodiments of the present invention can be used to control pests that affect plants or agriculture, such as aphids or nematodes.

[0098] In certain embodiments, the insects controlled by the compositions and / or methods taught herein are bed bugs.

[0099] As used herein with respect to insects, and particularly with respect to bed bugs, the term "control" refers to the potential to kill and / or eliminate insects and / or bed bugs.

[0100] In another embodiment, bed bugs controlled by the compositions and / or methods taught herein include, but are not limited to, insects belonging to the genus Cimex.

[0101] In yet another embodiment, bed bugs controlled by the compositions and / or methods taught herein include, but are not limited to, the species Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus.

[0102] The active compound combinations according to the invention may comprise or be used together with further ingredients, for example additional active compounds of different types (e.g. other insecticides, antimicrobial compounds, fungicides, herbicides, etc.) and / or additives customary in crop protection and / or formulation auxiliaries.

[0103] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention may include one or more biocides. In some embodiments, any commercially available biocide may be used. For example, PROXEL™ GXL (20%) is offered by Arch Chemical (see excelind.co.in / Excel_Chemical / download / Proxel_GXL_literature.pdf) and KATHON™ CG / ICP is offered by DuPont (see dupont.com / products / kathoncgicp.html).

[0104] The formulations disclosed herein can optionally contain one or more additional compounds that provide additional beneficial or otherwise useful effects.Such compounds include, but are not limited to, adhesives, surfactants, solvents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, carriers, adjuvants, diluents, dispersants, insecticides, agricultural insecticides, fungicides, fertilizers of micronutrient or macronutrient nature, herbicides, antifeedants, insect molting inhibitors, insect mating inhibitors, insect maturation inhibitors, nematicides, nutritional or horticultural supplements, or any combination thereof.

[0105] In some embodiments, suspension formulations according to the present invention may include one or more wetting or dispersing agents. In some embodiments, any commercially available wetting or dispersing agent may be used.

[0106] The present disclosure further provides methods of making and using the spray formulations of the present invention.

[0107] The present disclosure further provides methods of making and using the suspension formulations of the present invention.

[0108] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is micronized or solubilized in the carrier.

[0109] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is micronized or solubilized in a liquid solution.

[0110] In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is micronized or solubilized in the carrier and in a liquid solution.

[0111] In some aspects, the compositions of the present invention may further comprise or otherwise incorporate other powders. In other aspects, such additional powders may be incorporated or otherwise added in the form of free micronized active ingredient, either solubilized with a carrier, or not solubilized with a carrier. In yet other aspects, other embodiments may include a combination of both micronized and solubilized active ingredient with a carrier.

[0112] These formulations are produced by any desired or known method, for example, by mixing active compounds with extenders such as liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases, and / or solid carriers, optionally using surfactants such as emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foaming agents.When the extender used is water, it is also useful to use organic solvents as co-solvents, for example.Suitable liquid solvents include, but are not limited to, aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalenes; chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, chloroethylene, or methylene chloride; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins; alcohols such as mineral oil fractions, butanol, or glycols, and their ethers and esters; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, or cyclohexanone; strong polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide; and water. Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers include liquids that are gaseous at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, and aerosol propellants such as butane, propane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Suitable solid carriers include terrestrial natural minerals such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, or diatomaceous earth, as well as terrestrial synthetic minerals such as fine silica, alumina, and silicates. Suitable solid carriers for granules include crushed and divided natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite, and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic foods, and granules of organic materials such as rice husks, coconut shells, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks. Suitable emulsifiers and / or foaming agents include nonionic and anionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alcohol ethers, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates, and protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants include lignosulfite waste liquor and methylcellulose.

[0113] Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose, and natural and synthetic polymers in powder, granule, or latex form, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural and synthetic phospholipids, such as cephalin and lecithin, can be used in the formulation. Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils.

[0114] Inorganic pigments, e.g., colorants such as iron oxide, titanium oxide, and Prussian blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes, and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and micronutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, and zinc can also be used.

[0115] The active compound combinations according to the invention may contain or be used together with further components, such as additional active compounds of different types (e.g., other insecticides, antimicrobial compounds, fungicides, herbicides, etc.) and / or additives customary in crop protection and / or formulation auxiliaries. However, the active compound combinations according to the invention do not contain piperonyl butoxide (PBO).

[0116] These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compound / combination of active compounds with extenders, i.e., liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, i.e., emulsifiers and / or dispersing agents, adjuvants, i.e., substances that improve biological performance without having biological activity of their own, antifoaming agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, antifreeze agents, pH stabilizers, thickeners, and / or foaming agents.

[0117] Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the active compound combination is used to control bed bugs through ovicidal activity.For this purpose, the active compound combination of the present invention is applied (for example, sprayed or dusted) directly to bed bugs and eggs (for example, on the inside of bed frame or headboard, including bed springs, box springs, and all cracks and joints).

[0118] Additionally, suitable for use as optional adjuvants are substances suitable for imparting certain properties, such as certain technical and / or biological properties, to the active compound / active compound combination itself and / or to preparations derived therefrom (e.g., spray solutions, seed dressings).Typical suitable adjuvants are extenders, solvents and carriers.

[0119] Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and non-polar organic chemical liquids from the classes of, for example, aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes, etc.), alcohols and polyols (which may, if appropriate, be substituted, etherified and / or esterified), ketones (acetone, cyclohexanone, etc.), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (N-alkylpyrrolidones, etc.) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.).

[0120] When the extender used is water, for example, organic solvent can also be adopted as auxiliary solvent.Essentially, suitable liquid solvents are aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalene, chlorinated aromatic compounds and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, chloroethylene or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffin, for example, petroleum fraction, mineral oil and vegetable oil, alcohols such as butanol or glycol, and also their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strong polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and also water.

[0121] Suitable solid carriers are, for example, ammonium salts, and terrestrial natural minerals such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, or diatomaceous earth, and terrestrial synthetic minerals such as fine silica, alumina, and silicates; suitable solid carriers for granules are, for example, ground and divided natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite; also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic foods, and granules of organic materials such as rice husks, coconut shells, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and / or foaming agents are, for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alcohol ethers, for example, alkylaryl polyglycols, Suitable dispersants include nonionic and anionic emulsifiers such as ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants are, for example, alcohol-POE and / or POP ethers, acid and / or POP-POE esters, alkylaryl and / or POP-POE ethers, fatty and / or POP-POE adducts, POE and / or POP polyol derivatives, POE and / or POP sorbitan or sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulfates, alkyl or aryl sulfonates, and alkyl or aryl phosphates, or nonionic and / or ionic substances from the classes of the corresponding PO-ether adducts. Furthermore, suitable oligo- or polymeric compounds are also available, such as those derived from vinyl monomers, acrylic acid, EO and / or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly)alcohols or (poly)amines. It is also possible to employ lignin and its sulfonic acid derivatives, unmodified and modified cellulose, aromatic and / or aliphatic sulfonic acids, and their adducts together with formaldehyde.

[0122] The compositions described herein can be applied directly to the site of insect infestation or directly to the insect itself.

[0123] The compositions described herein can be applied directly to a site or area as a preventative treatment. For example, the compositions described herein can be applied to kill insects that traverse or otherwise pass through the treated area.

[0124] The disclosed compositions can be used on various surfaces and in various places.In some embodiments, the formulations described herein can be applied directly to walls, surfaces, floors, carpets, mattresses, clothing, luggage, or sheets, pillows, and other bedding.For example, the disclosed compositions can be used to treat surfaces, fabrics, furniture, and structures, including mattresses, box springs, beds, bed frames, cushions, chairs, sofas, seats, and other upholstered furniture, booths, fabrics, carpets, rugs, clothing, and toys, closets, dressers, cabinets, drawers, tables, etc., personal items, books, electronic devices, picture frames, etc., between floorboards, baseboards, headboards, furniture, and the cracks and crevices behind wallpaper. The composition can be used in, for example, patient rooms and common areas in residential and accommodation structures (e.g., houses, apartment complexes, dormitories, hotels, motels, hostels, etc.), food service establishments (e.g., restaurants, cafes, cafeterias, dining halls, etc.), offices, government buildings, military facilities, transportation vehicles (e.g., buses, trains, airplanes, cars, etc.), ships (e.g., boats, submarines, cruise liners, ships, ferries, etc.), homeless shelters, entertainment venues (e.g., theaters, cinemas, casinos, etc.), or medical and long-term care facilities. The composition can be used to treat the entrance to a building, around drive-through windows, the road surface near drive-through windows, or the concrete or trash containers outside a building. Generally, the composition can be used in any place occupied by people or where belongings may be placed, and where bed bugs may have the opportunity to move from people or their belongings to the surrounding area.

[0125] In some embodiments, the compositions described herein can be applied in a single application step. In other embodiments, the compositions described herein can be applied in multiple application steps, for example, two, three, four, five or more application steps. In other embodiments, the second, third, fourth, or fifth or more application steps can involve the same or different formulations. The methods described herein also provide embodiments in which multiple application steps are excluded.

[0126] The formulations described herein can be applied to the insects or the site or object to be treated at application intervals of one or more of about 15 minutes, 30 minutes, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 6 hours, about 8 hours, about 12 hours, about 1 day, about 5 days, about 7 days, about 10 days, about 12 days, about 14 days, about 21 days, about 28 days, about 35 days, about 40 days, about 45 days, about 50 days, or about 56 days.

[0127] The formulations described herein can be applied to the insects or the site or object to be treated after the insects have been observed to kill, repel, or otherwise control identified insects. Alternatively, the compositions described herein can be applied to the site or object to be treated before any insects have been observed to kill, repel, or otherwise control insects that have not yet been identified as a preventative measure.

[0128] Further embodiments of the present invention relate to the use of the compositions and / or materials described above to control animal pests, preferably arthropods, preferably insects, more preferably bed bugs, including insecticide-resistant bed bugs and target-site- and / or metabolic-resistant bed bugs. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of such materials to control pyrethroid- and / or carbamate-resistant mosquitoes, preferably pyrethroid- and / or carbamate-resistant Anopheles gambiae and / or Anopheles funestus mosquitoes. In one aspect, the compositions and materials of the present invention are used to control pyrethroid-resistant insects. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of such materials to control multiply-resistant mosquitoes.

[0129] In another embodiment of the present invention, the active compound composition of the present invention is used to control insecticide-resistant insects, in one aspect, insecticide-resistant bed bugs. The term "insecticide-resistant" is used to describe the situation where target insects or bed bugs are no longer killed by standard doses of insecticide (i.e., they are no longer affected by insecticide) or somehow avoid contact with insecticide. See 1.2; p.27; "Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management", WHO 2012).

[0130] In certain aspects, certain embodiments of the present invention also relate to the use of the compositions and / or materials described above to control pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs. In one embodiment, the materials are used to control pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs, where the bed bugs have a valine to leucine mutation (V419L) and / or a leucine to isoleucine mutation (L925I) in the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit gene.

[0131] In some embodiments, the formulations described herein are combined with talc and / or graphite. In some embodiments, the compositions or methods described herein do not include talc. In other embodiments, the formulations or methods described herein do not include graphite or graphite composites. In yet other embodiments, the formulations or methods described herein do not include graphite and / or talc composites. In other embodiments, the formulations or methods described herein contain trace amounts of talc or graphite. In other embodiments, the formulations or methods described herein contain less than about 5%, less than about 10%, less than about 20%, less than about 20%, less than about 30%, less than about 40%, or less than about 50% by weight of talc, graphite, or a combination of talc or graphite.

[0132] In yet another aspect, the formulations described herein can be composited with inert materials to improve handling or packaging, for example, silica, starch (natural and derived), clay, and other minerals. [Example]

[0133] Additionally, the following examples serve to illustrate certain aspects of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the disclosure.

[0134] Example 1: Testing with cockroaches An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was used as a template to demonstrate the enhancements of the present invention. One comparative EC was made in a standard manner, where solvents, surfactants, active ingredients, and other inactive materials were added to a container and homogenized by simple mixing (hereafter referred to as "no powder").

[0135] A second EC was also formulated similar to the preparation of the first EC, but this time with the addition of amorphous silica and a suspending aid in the final step to obtain a liquid powder according to the present invention.

[0136] [Table 1]

[0137] Figure 1 shows the difference in residual insecticidal activity of the liquid dust formulation versus a comparison formulation that does not contain a dust as described in Table 1. When the wood surface was exposed to a concentration of the formulation (5 mg β-cyfluthrin + 10 mg flupyradifurone) / m 2 ) and allowed to dry completely, then German cockroaches were placed on the surfaces for 4 hours, after which they were removed from the treated surfaces and placed in a clean container for monitoring. It can be seen that the liquid dust formulations according to the invention generally maintained their benefits compared to the control formulation without dust at 1 day after application (daa), as well as at 7 and 14 days after application.

[0138] Experiment 2: (Test on bedbugs) There are no existing formulation types to which the present invention would be applicable. In one container, flupyradifurone, beta-cyfluthrin, and citric acid were dissolved in benzyl acetate. This solution was then adsorbed onto amorphous silica. To this silica, polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane was added. In another container, the total amount of water was added. To this, surfactants, biocides, and antifoaming agents were then added as if constructing a SC. Silica was then added to this mixture using a homogenizer with medium shear force. Once fully dispersed, glycerin and xanthan gum were added to stabilize the solution. The weight ratios (w / w%) used are listed in Table 2.

[0139] [Table 2]

[0140] As shown in Figure 2, a susceptible strain of bed bugs (called the MANDA strain) was treated with a liquid dust (30 mg ai / m 2 The insects were directly sprayed with a liquid powder (β-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid) and monitored for mortality over time. The inclusion of the powder in the formulation improves the kill rate of the formulation compared to the control. As a comparative example, the commercially available product "TEMPRID® FX" (Bayer CropScience LP) was used (designated TEMPRID®). Both formulations have the same concentration of active ingredient, the only difference being the inclusion of the powder within the liquid powder (designated KTD-1C).

[0141] In Figure 3, a resistant strain of bed bugs (called the ALBUQUERQUE strain) was treated with a liquid dust formulation (30 mg ai / m) according to the present invention. 2 , β-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid). The inclusion of the powder in the liquid formulation (designated KTD-1C) improves the kill rate of the insecticide formulation compared to the control spray (designated TEMPRID®). Both sprays have the same level of active ingredient, the only difference being the inclusion of the powder within the liquid dust (designated KTD-1C). [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0142] [Figure 1] [Figure 2] [Figure 3]

Claims

1. 1. A spray-type pesticidal composition comprising a suspension of a carrier in an emulsifiable concentrate, the emulsifiable concentrate comprising: (a) at least one surfactant; (b) at least one solvent; (c) at least one active pesticidal ingredient; the at least one active insecticidal ingredient is a combination of at least one sodium channel blocker and at least one nicotinic receptor agonist; the support is selected from the group consisting of silica aerogel, amorphous silica, microporous silica, talc, diatomaceous earth, and combinations thereof; the carrier is suspended in an emulsifiable concentrate; A spray-type insecticidal composition in which the active insecticidal ingredient is adsorbed onto a carrier, or is micronized or solubilized in a carrier.

2. 2. The spray-type insecticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one sodium channel blocker is selected from the group consisting of α-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenothrin, cyhalothrin, γ-cyhalothrin, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and combinations thereof.

3. 2. The spray-type insecticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one nicotinic receptor agonist is selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyradifurone, dinotefuran, clothianidin, and combinations thereof.

4. (i) the at least one sodium channel blocker is selected from the group consisting of α-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenothrin, cyhalothrin, γ-cyhalothrin, λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and combinations thereof; 2. The spray-type insecticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one nicotinic receptor agonist is selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyradifurone, dinotefuran, clothianidin, and combinations thereof.

5. 5. The spray-type insecticidal composition of claim 1 or 4, wherein the sodium channel blocker ("SCB") and the nicotinic receptor agonist ("NRA") are present in an SCB:NRA ratio (w / w) of 1:200 to 200:1, or 1:100 to 100:1, or 1:50 to 50:1, or 1:25 to 25:1, or 1:10 to 10:

1.

6. The spray type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one carrier is selected from the group consisting of silica aerogel, amorphous silica, microporous silica, and combinations thereof.

7. The spray type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one carrier is selected from the group consisting of amorphous silica, microporous silica, and combinations thereof.

8. The spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethyldecanamide, 1-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl lactate, dibutyl isosorbide, cyclohexanone, propylene glycol phenyl ether, and combinations and derivatives thereof.

9. The spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene sorbitol oleate, block copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, tristyrylphenol propoxylate, polyoxyethylene castor oil, and alkoxylated phosphate esters.

10. The spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising water.

11. A spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a dilution of said emulsifiable concentrate in one or more solvents.

12. The spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the sodium channel blocker is β-cyfluthrin.

13. The spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, which is a sprayable spray-type insecticidal composition.

14. The spray type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is a liquid dust formulation.

15. The spray type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the carrier comprises microporous silica.

16. The spray type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the carrier comprises amorphous silica.

17. The spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the at least one carrier is an inert carrier possessing insecticidal activity.

18. 18. The spray-type pesticidal composition of claim 17, wherein the at least one carrier comprises a material possessing drying, abrasive or thermal properties, or a combination thereof.

19. A method for controlling insects, comprising applying a spray-type insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18 to the insects, eggs, surfaces or objects to be treated, or combinations thereof.

20. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the insect is a bed bug.

21. The composition has a concentration of 0.001 mg ai / m ２ ~1000mg ai / m ２ , or 0.01 mg ai / m ２ ~500mg ai / m ２ , or 0.10 mg ai / m ２ ~250mg ai / m ２ , or 0.50 mg ai / m ２ ~150mg ai / m ２ 21. The method of claim 19 or 20, wherein the composition is applied at a rate of

22. A method for preparing a spray-type insecticidal composition, comprising: (a) at least one surfactant; (b) at least one solvent; (c) preparing an emulsifiable concentrate comprising at least one active insecticidal ingredient selected from the group consisting of sodium channel blockers, nicotinic receptor agonists, and combinations thereof; adding at least one carrier to the emulsifiable concentrate to form a suspension of the carrier in the emulsifiable concentrate; A method wherein the active pesticidal ingredient is adsorbed onto a carrier or micronized or solubilized within a carrier.

23. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising diluting the emulsifiable concentrate in at least one solvent to form a sprayable powder.

24. 1. Use of a spray-type insecticidal composition for controlling insects, comprising: (a) at least one surfactant; (b) at least one solvent; (c) preparing an emulsifiable concentrate comprising at least one active pesticidal ingredient, wherein the at least one active pesticidal ingredient is a combination of at least one sodium channel blocker and at least one nicotinic receptor agonist; adding at least one carrier to the emulsifiable concentrate to form a suspension of the carrier in the emulsifiable concentrate; and diluting the emulsifiable concentrate in at least one solvent; The use wherein said active pesticidal ingredient is adsorbed onto a carrier or micronized or solubilized in a carrier.

Images