Method for manufacturing a display device

Abstract

The present invention provides a display device which has an imaging function. The present invention provides a display device which has a high aperture ratio. A display device according to the present invention is provided with: a first light emitting element; a light receiving element; and a first colored layer. The first light emitting element comprises: a first pixel electrode; a first organic layer that is arranged on the first pixel electrode; and a common electrode that is arranged on the first organic layer. The light receiving element comprises: a second pixel electrode; a second organic layer that is arranged on the second pixel electrode; and a common electrode that is arranged on the second organic layer. The first organic layer comprises a first light emitting layer; the second organic layer comprises a photoelectric conversion layer; the first colored layer is arranged so as to be superposed on the first light emitting element; and the photoelectric conversion layer is sensitive to the wavelength range of light that is transmitted through the first colored layer.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION One aspect of the present invention relates to a display device, an imaging device, and a display device having an imaging function.

[0002] Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. Examples of the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, input / output devices, driving methods thereof, and manufacturing methods thereof. A semiconductor device refers to any device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, display devices have been required to have higher definition in order to display high-resolution images. Furthermore, for information terminal devices such as smartphones, tablet terminals, and notebook PCs (personal computers), display devices are required to have not only high definition but also low power consumption. Furthermore, display devices that not only display images but also have various additional functions, such as a touch panel function or a function for capturing fingerprints for authentication, are in demand.

[0004] As a display device, for example, a light-emitting device having a light-emitting element has been developed. Light-emitting elements (also referred to as EL elements) that utilize the electroluminescence (hereinafter referred to as EL) phenomenon have features such as being easily made thin and lightweight, being capable of responding quickly to input signals, and being able to be driven using a DC constant voltage power supply, and are therefore applied to display devices. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a flexible light-emitting device that uses an organic EL element. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-197522 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device having an imaging function. Another object is to provide a high-resolution imaging device or display device. Another object is to provide a display device or imaging device with a high aperture ratio. Another object is to provide an imaging device or display device that can perform imaging with high sensitivity. Another object is to provide an imaging device or display device with high display quality. Another object is to provide a display device that can acquire biometric information such as a fingerprint. Another object is to provide a display device that functions as a touch panel. Another object is to provide a manufacturing method for the display device with high productivity.

[0007] An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable display device, imaging device, or electronic device.An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device, imaging device, electronic device, or the like having a novel structure.An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to alleviate at least one of the problems of the prior art.

[0008] Note that the description of these problems does not preclude the existence of other problems. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily solve all of these problems. Note that problems other than these can be extracted from the description of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] One embodiment of the present invention is a display device including a first light-emitting element, a light-receiving element, and a first coloring layer. The first light-emitting element has a first pixel electrode, a first organic layer over the first pixel electrode, and a common electrode over the first organic layer. The light-receiving element has a second pixel electrode, a second organic layer over the second pixel electrode, and a common electrode over the second organic layer. The first organic layer includes a first light-emitting layer, and the second organic layer includes a photoelectric conversion layer. The first coloring layer is disposed so as to overlap with the first light-emitting element. The photoelectric conversion layer has sensitivity to a wavelength range of light transmitted through the first coloring layer.

[0010] In the above, it is preferable that the first organic layer and the second organic layer have a region where the distance between them is 8 μm or less.

[0011] In addition, in the above, it is preferable that a resin layer is provided, the resin layer is located in a region between the first light-emitting element and the light-receiving element, and the side surface of the first organic layer and the side surface of the second organic layer face each other across the resin layer.

[0012] In addition, in the above, it is preferable that an insulating layer is provided, the insulating layer is located between the first light-emitting element and the light-receiving element, and the insulating layer is in contact with a side surface of the first organic layer and a side surface of the second organic layer.

[0013] In the above, it is preferable that the liquid crystal display device has a second light-emitting element and a second colored layer, the second light-emitting element has a third pixel electrode, a third organic layer on the third pixel electrode, and a common electrode on the third organic layer, the third organic layer includes a second light-emitting layer, the second colored layer is disposed so as to overlap the second light-emitting element, and the second colored layer transmits light in a wavelength range different from that of the first colored layer.In the above, it is preferable that the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer have the same material.

[0014] In addition, in the above, it is preferable that the first organic layer has a first light-emitting unit on the first pixel electrode, a first charge generation layer on the first light-emitting unit, and a second light-emitting unit on the first charge generation layer, and the third organic layer has a third light-emitting unit on the third pixel electrode, a second charge generation layer on the third light-emitting unit, and a fourth light-emitting unit on the second charge generation layer.

[0015] In addition, in the above, it is preferable that the first light-emitting unit and the third light-emitting unit have the same material, the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer have the same material, and the second light-emitting unit and the fourth light-emitting unit have the same material.

[0016] Another embodiment of the present invention includes forming a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, forming a first organic film to cover the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, forming a first sacrificial film on the first organic film, forming a first resist mask on the first sacrificial film so as to overlap the first pixel electrode, processing the first sacrificial film into an island-shaped first sacrificial layer using the first resist mask, processing the first organic film into an island-shaped first organic layer using the first sacrificial layer as a mask, and forming a first organic film to cover the first organic layer and the second pixel electrode. a second organic film is formed; a second sacrificial film is formed on the second organic film; a second resist mask is formed on the second sacrificial film so as to overlap with a second pixel electrode; the second resist mask is used to process the second sacrificial film into an island-shaped second sacrificial layer; the second sacrificial layer is used as a mask to process the second organic film into an island-shaped second organic layer; a colored layer is disposed so as to overlap with the first organic layer; the first organic layer contains a light-emitting organic compound; and the second organic layer contains a photoelectric conversion material.

[0017] Another embodiment of the present invention includes forming a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, forming a first organic film to cover the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, forming a first sacrificial film on the first organic film, forming a first resist mask on the first sacrificial film so as to overlap the first pixel electrode, processing the first sacrificial film into an island-shaped first sacrificial layer using the first resist mask, processing the first organic film into an island-shaped first organic layer using the first sacrificial layer as a mask, and forming a first organic film to cover the first organic layer and the second pixel electrode. a second organic film is formed; a second sacrificial film is formed on the second organic film; a second resist mask is formed on the second sacrificial film so as to overlap with a second pixel electrode; the second resist mask is used to process the second sacrificial film into an island-shaped second sacrificial layer; the second sacrificial layer is used as a mask to process the second organic film into an island-shaped second organic layer; a colored layer is disposed so as to overlap with the second organic layer; the first organic layer contains a photoelectric conversion material; and the second organic layer contains a light-emitting organic compound.

[0018] In the above, it is preferable that after the second organic layer is formed, an insulating film is formed to cover the first organic layer and the second organic layer.In the above, it is preferable that the insulating film is formed by atomic layer deposition.

[0019] In the above, it is preferable that a resin layer is formed on the insulating film in the region between the first organic layer and the second organic layer, and it is preferable that a photosensitive organic resin is used as the resin layer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device having an imaging function can be provided. Alternatively, a high-resolution imaging device or display device can be provided. Alternatively, a display device or imaging device with a high aperture ratio can be provided. Alternatively, an imaging device or display device capable of performing imaging with high sensitivity can be provided. Alternatively, an imaging device or display device with high display quality can be provided. Alternatively, a display device capable of acquiring biometric information such as a fingerprint can be provided. Alternatively, a manufacturing method for the display device with high productivity can be provided.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly reliable display device, an imaging device, or an electronic device. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a display device, an imaging device, an electronic device, or the like having a novel configuration. Alternatively, it is possible to alleviate at least one of the problems of the prior art.

[0022] Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have all of these effects. Note that effects other than these can be extracted from the description in the specification, drawings, claims, etc. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 2A to 2C are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 8A to 8C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 9A to 9C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 10A to 10C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 11A to 11C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 12A to 12C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 13A to 13C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 14A to 14C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 15A to 15C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. 16A to 16C are diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing a display device. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device. Fig. 18A is a diagram showing a configuration example of a display device, and Fig. 18B is a diagram showing a configuration example of a transistor. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a display device. 20A and 20B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a display device. FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a display device. FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a display device. Figures 26A, 26B, and 26D are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices, Figures 26C and 26E are diagrams showing example images, and Figures 26F to 26H are top views showing example pixels. 27A and 27B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device. 28A and 28B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device. 29A to 29E are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device. Figures 30A to 30C are diagrams showing examples of pixels, and Figures 30D and 30E are diagrams showing examples of circuit diagrams of pixels. 31A to 31J are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device. 32A and 32B are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device. 33A to 33D are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device. 34A to 34F are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device. 35A to 35F are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments can be implemented in many different ways and that various changes in form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the following description of the embodiments.

[0025] In the configuration of the invention described below, the same parts or parts having similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals in different drawings, and repeated explanations thereof will be omitted. In addition, when referring to similar functions, the same hatch pattern may be used and no particular reference numeral may be assigned.

[0026] In the drawings described in this specification, the size of each component, the thickness of a layer, or an area may be exaggerated for clarity, and therefore, the drawings are not necessarily limited to the scale.

[0027] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are used to avoid confusion of components and do not limit the number.

[0028] In the following, expressions indicating directions such as "up" and "down" will basically be used in accordance with the directions in the drawings. However, for purposes such as facilitating explanation, the directions indicated by "up" or "down" in the specification may not match those in the drawings. For example, when explaining the stacking order (or formation order) of a laminate, etc., even if the surface on which the laminate is provided in the drawing (such as the surface to be formed, the supporting surface, the adhesive surface, or the flat surface) is located above the laminate, the direction toward that surface may be expressed as "down" and the opposite direction as "up."

[0029] Furthermore, in this specification and the like, the terms "film" and "layer" are interchangeable. For example, the terms "conductive layer" and "insulating layer" may be interchangeable with the terms "conductive film" and "insulating film."

[0030] In this specification, the EL layer refers to a layer that is provided between a pair of electrodes of a light-emitting element and contains at least a light-emitting substance (also referred to as a light-emitting layer), or a stack that includes a light-emitting layer.

[0031] In this specification and the like, a display panel, which is one aspect of a display device, has a function of displaying (outputting) an image or the like on a display surface, and therefore the display panel is one aspect of an output device.

[0032] In addition, in this specification, a display panel having a connector such as an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) or a TCP (Tape Carrier Package) attached to the substrate, or having an IC (Integrated Circuit) mounted on the substrate using a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like, may be referred to as a display panel module, display module, or simply a display panel.

[0033] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, a structural example of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention and an example of a manufacturing method of the display device will be described.

[0034] One embodiment of the present invention is a display device including a light-emitting element (also referred to as a light-emitting device) and a light-receiving element (also referred to as a light-receiving device). The light-emitting element has a pair of electrodes and an EL layer therebetween. The light-receiving element has a pair of electrodes and an active layer therebetween. The light-emitting element is preferably an organic EL element (organic electroluminescent element) that emits white light. The light-receiving element is preferably an organic photodiode (organic photoelectric conversion element).

[0035] Furthermore, the display device has a light-emitting element that emits white light and a colored layer that overlaps the light-emitting element in each pixel. By using colored layers that transmit visible light of different colors in sub-pixels provided in each pixel, the display device can perform full-color display. Furthermore, the light-emitting elements used in each pixel can be formed using the same material, which simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0036] One embodiment of the present invention functions as an imaging device because it can capture an image using a plurality of light-receiving elements. In this case, the light-emitting elements can be used as a light source for capturing an image. Another embodiment of the present invention functions as a display device because it can display an image using a plurality of light-emitting elements. Therefore, one embodiment of the present invention can be said to be a display device having an imaging function or an imaging device having a display function.

[0037] For example, in a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention, light-emitting elements are arranged in a matrix in the display portion, and light-receiving elements are also arranged in a matrix in the display portion. Therefore, the display portion has a function of displaying an image and a function as a light-receiving portion. Since images can be captured by the light-receiving elements provided in the display portion, the display device can function as an image sensor, a touch panel, or the like. That is, the display portion can capture an image or detect the approach or contact of an object. Furthermore, since the light-emitting elements provided in the display portion can be used as a light source for receiving light, there is no need to provide a light source separately from the display device, and a highly functional display device can be realized without increasing the number of electronic components.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, when light emitted from a light-emitting element and transmitted through a colored layer is reflected by an object, a light-receiving element can detect the reflected light, thereby enabling imaging or touch (including non-contact) detection even in a dark environment.

[0039] Furthermore, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can capture an image of a fingerprint, palm print, or the like when a finger, palm, or the like is placed in contact with the display unit. Therefore, an electronic device including the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can perform personal authentication using the captured image of a fingerprint, palm print, or the like. This eliminates the need for a separate imaging device for fingerprint authentication, palm print authentication, or the like, thereby reducing the number of components in the electronic device. Furthermore, since the light-receiving elements are arranged in a matrix on the display unit, an image of a fingerprint, palm print, or the like can be captured anywhere on the display unit, thereby realizing an electronic device with excellent convenience.

[0040] Here, when the light-emitting element of each pixel is formed using a white-emitting organic EL element, there is no need to separately paint the light-emitting layer in each pixel. Therefore, layers other than the pixel electrode included in the light-emitting element (e.g., the light-emitting layer) can be made common to each pixel. However, some layers included in the light-emitting element have relatively high conductivity, and providing a common highly conductive layer for each pixel may cause leakage current (also called side leakage or side leakage current) between pixels. In particular, as display devices become higher in definition or aperture ratio and the distance between pixels becomes smaller, this leakage current becomes significant. This causes a decrease in brightness, a decrease in contrast, and other degradation in display quality. Furthermore, the leakage current deteriorates power efficiency and power consumption.

[0041] Furthermore, if a similar leakage current occurs between the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element, the leakage current may become a cause of noise when imaging using the light-receiving element, which may result in a decrease in imaging sensitivity (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio)).

[0042] Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, at least a part of the light-emitting element in each pixel is processed by photolithography, and then at least a part of the light-receiving element in each pixel is processed into an island shape. Note that a structure may be adopted in which at least a part of the light-receiving element is first processed into an island shape, and then at least a part of the light-emitting element is processed. Here, the island-shaped part of the light-emitting element includes a layer containing a light-emitting compound (also referred to as a light-emitting layer) contained in the light-emitting element. Furthermore, the island-shaped part of the light-receiving element includes a layer containing a photoelectric conversion material (also referred to as an active layer or a photoelectric conversion layer) contained in the light-receiving element.

[0043] This configuration can cut off the current leakage path between the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element. This suppresses the leakage current between the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element, enabling high-precision imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio). This allows clear imaging even with weak light. This allows the brightness of the light-emitting element used as a light source to be lowered during imaging, thereby reducing power consumption.

[0044] Furthermore, the leakage current path between two adjacent light-emitting elements can be separated and the leakage current can be suppressed, which can increase brightness, contrast, display quality, power efficiency, or power consumption.

[0045] Furthermore, it is preferable to form an insulating layer to protect the side surfaces of the organic laminated film exposed by etching, thereby improving the reliability of the display device.

[0046] When different light-emitting layers are to be formed for light-emitting elements of different colors, it is known that they are formed by a vapor deposition method using a shadow mask such as a metal mask or an FMM (fine metal mask, high-definition metal mask). Note that in this specification and the like, a device fabricated using a metal mask or an FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.

[0047] As described above, in one embodiment of the present invention, an organic layer including an emitting layer and an organic layer including an active layer are processed into a fine pattern by photolithography without using a shadow mask such as a metal mask. In this specification and the like, a device fabricated without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure. By forming a display device with an MML structure, it is possible to realize a display device with high definition and a large aperture ratio, which have been difficult to achieve until now.

[0048] While it is difficult to reduce the distance between pixels to less than 10 μm using a formation method that uses a metal mask, the above method can reduce the distance to 8 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 2 μm or less, or even 1 μm or less. Here, the distance between pixels can be defined as the distance between the opposing ends of adjacent pixel electrodes. Alternatively, the distance between pixels can be defined as the distance between the opposing ends of adjacent organic layers including an emissive layer and an organic layer including an active layer.

[0049] By reducing the distance between pixels as described above, the area of ​​the non-light-emitting region that may exist between two light-emitting elements can be significantly reduced, and the aperture ratio can approach 100%. For example, the aperture ratio can be 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or even 90% or more, and can even be less than 100%.

[0050] Below, a structural example of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention and an example of a manufacturing method thereof will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0051] [Configuration example 1] Fig. 1A shows a schematic top view of display device 100. Fig. 1B and Fig. 1C are schematic cross-sectional views corresponding to dashed dotted lines A1-A2 and C1-C2 in Fig. 1A, respectively. Display device 100 has a display unit in which a plurality of pixels 103 are arranged in a matrix.

[0052] A matrix arrangement is applied to the pixel 103 shown in Fig. 1A. The pixel 103 shown in Fig. 1A is composed of four subpixels: subpixels 103R, 103G, 103B, and 103S. In Fig. 1A, the symbols R, G, B, and S are assigned within the regions of each subpixel to make it easier to distinguish between them.

[0053] The subpixels 103R, 103G, and 103B each have a white-emitting light-emitting element 110R, 110G, or 110B (hereinafter, sometimes collectively referred to as light-emitting element 110). Colored layers 129R, 129G, or 129B (hereinafter, sometimes collectively referred to as colored layer 129) are provided over the light-emitting elements 110R, 110G, or 110B, causing each subpixel to emit light of a different color. Although not shown in FIG. 1B , a colored layer 129B is also provided similarly to the colored layers 129R and 129G. The subpixels 103R, 103G, and 103B may be provided in three colors: red (R), green (G), and blue (B). However, the present invention is not limited to this; subpixels may also be provided in three colors: yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M).

[0054] 1A shows a configuration in which two sub-pixels are alternately arranged in one direction. However, the sub-pixel arrangement is not limited to this, and other arrangements such as a stripe arrangement, S-stripe arrangement, delta arrangement, Bayer arrangement, zigzag arrangement, pentile arrangement, diamond arrangement, etc. may also be used.

[0055] It is preferable to use EL elements such as OLEDs (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) as the light-emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B. Examples of light-emitting materials that the EL elements have include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.), and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials.

[0056] The subpixel 103S has a light-receiving element 110S. For example, a pn-type or pin-type photodiode can be used as the light-receiving element 110S. The light-receiving element 110S functions as a photoelectric conversion element that detects light incident on the light-receiving element 110S and generates an electric charge. The amount of electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion element is determined according to the amount of incident light. In particular, it is preferable to use an organic photodiode having a layer containing an organic compound as the light-receiving element 110S. Organic photodiodes can be easily made thin, lightweight, and large-area, and have a high degree of freedom in shape and design, making them applicable to a variety of devices.

[0057] 1A also shows a connection electrode 111C that is electrically connected to the common electrode 113. The connection electrode 111C is given a potential (for example, an anode potential or a cathode potential) to be supplied to the common electrode 113. The connection electrode 111C is provided outside the display area where the light-emitting elements 110R and the like are arranged. In addition, in FIG. 1A, the common electrode 113 is shown by a dashed line.

[0058] The connection electrodes 111C can be provided along the periphery of the display area. For example, they may be provided along one side of the periphery of the display area, or they may be provided over two or more sides of the periphery of the display area. That is, if the top surface of the display area has a rectangular shape, the top surface of the connection electrodes 111C can have a strip-like, L-shaped, U-shaped (square bracket-shaped), quadrangular, or the like shape.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 1B, the display device 100 includes a substrate 101 on which a light-emitting element 110R, a light-emitting element 110G, a light-emitting element 110B (not shown), and a light-receiving element 110S are provided, and a protective layer 121 is provided to cover these elements. The substrate 101 is preferably provided with wiring, transistors, electrodes, and the like (not shown), and an insulating layer is formed on the top of the substrate 101. Although the subpixel 103B is not shown in FIG. 1B, the components included in the subpixel 103B may be provided in the same manner as the components included in the subpixels 103R and 103G. A resin layer 122 is provided on the protective layer 121. The substrate 102 is further bonded thereto by the resin layer 122. The substrate 102 is also provided with colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B (not shown). An insulating layer 125 and a resin layer 126 on the insulating layer 125 are provided in the regions between adjacent light-emitting elements or light-receiving elements.

[0060] The light-emitting element 110R has a pixel electrode 111R, an organic layer 112R on the pixel electrode 111R, an organic layer 114 on the organic layer 112R, and a common electrode 113 on the organic layer 114. The light-emitting element 110G has a pixel electrode 111G, an organic layer 112G on the pixel electrode 111G, an organic layer 114 on the organic layer 112G, and a common electrode 113 on the organic layer 114. The light-receiving element 110S has a pixel electrode 111S, an organic layer 155 on the pixel electrode 111S, an organic layer 114 on the organic layer 155, and a common electrode 113 on the organic layer 114. The light-emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B and the light-receiving element 110S are preferably patterned like islands. The organic layer 114 and the common electrode 113 are provided as a film common to the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, the light receiving element 110S, and the light emitting element 110B. The organic layer 114 can also be called a common layer.

[0061] The organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B (not shown) preferably emit white (W) light. The organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B are layers including at least a light-emitting layer. By providing colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B (not shown), which transmit light of different colors, on the organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B, respectively, it is possible to form sub-pixels 103R, 103G, and 103B, which emit light of different colors. Note that the configuration of the light-emitting element of this embodiment is not particularly limited and may be a single structure or a tandem structure. Note that examples of the configuration of the light-emitting element will be described later.

[0062] The organic layer 155 of the light receiving element 110S has a photoelectric conversion material that is sensitive to the wavelength range of visible light or infrared light. The wavelength range to which the photoelectric conversion material of the organic layer 155 is sensitive preferably includes one or more of the wavelength range of light transmitted by the colored layer 129R, the wavelength range of light transmitted by the colored layer 129G, and the wavelength range of light transmitted by the colored layer 129B. The organic layer 155 can also be called an active layer or a photoelectric conversion layer.

[0063] Hereinafter, when describing matters common to light emitting element 110R, light emitting element 110G, and light emitting element 110B, they may be referred to as light emitting element 110. Similarly, when describing matters common to components distinguished by alphabets, such as organic layer 112R, organic layer 112G, and organic layer 112B, they may be described using symbols without the alphabets.

[0064] 1B, it is preferable that the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 cover the pixel electrode 111. In this case, the side edges of the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 are located outside the side edges of the pixel electrode 111. Furthermore, the regions of the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 that do not overlap with the pixel electrode 111 are in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 101. This allows processes such as forming the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 to be performed without exposing the pixel electrode 111. Therefore, damage to the pixel electrode 111 can be reduced in these processes, thereby improving the yield of the light-emitting element 110 and the light-receiving element 110S, improving the display quality of the light-emitting element 110, and enabling high-sensitivity imaging by the light-receiving element 110S.

[0065] In each light-emitting element, the laminated film located between the pixel electrode and the common electrode 113 can be called an EL (Electroluminescence) layer. That is, the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 114 can be collectively called an EL layer. In addition, in the light-receiving element 110S, the laminated film located between the pixel electrode 111S and the common electrode 113 can be called a PD (Photodiode) layer. That is, the organic layer 155 and the organic layer 114 can be collectively called a PD layer.

[0066] Organic layer 112, organic layer 155, and organic layer 114 may each independently include one or more of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, a hole injection layer, and a hole transport layer as layers other than the light-emitting layer and the light-receiving layer. For example, organic layer 112 may have a stacked structure of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer from the pixel electrode 111 side, an electron transport layer on the light-emitting layer or the light-receiving layer, and organic layer 114 may have an electron injection layer. Alternatively, organic layer 112 may have a stacked structure of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer from the pixel electrode 111 side, a hole transport layer on the light-emitting layer or the light-receiving layer, and organic layer 114 may have a hole injection layer.

[0067] It should be noted that the term "organic layer" used for layers located between a pair of electrodes of the light-emitting element or light-receiving element 110S, such as organic layer 112, organic layer 114, and organic layer 155, is intended to refer to layers that constitute an organic EL element or an organic photoelectric conversion element, and do not necessarily need to contain an organic compound. For example, organic layer 112, organic layer 114, and organic layer 155 may each be a film that does not contain an organic compound and contains only an inorganic compound or inorganic substance.

[0068] The pixel electrode 111R, pixel electrode 111G, and pixel electrode 111B (not shown) are provided for each light-emitting element. The common electrode 113 and organic layer 114 are provided as a continuous layer common to each light-emitting element and light-receiving element 110S. A conductive film that is translucent to visible light is used for either one of the pixel electrodes or the common electrode 113, and a conductive film that is reflective to visible light is used for the other. By making each pixel electrode translucent and the common electrode 113 reflective, a bottom-emission display device can be obtained. Conversely, by making each pixel electrode reflective and the common electrode 113 translucent, a top-emission display device can be obtained. Incidentally, by making both each pixel electrode and the common electrode 113 translucent, a dual-emission display device can be obtained.

[0069] A protective layer 121 is provided on the common electrode 113 to cover the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, the light receiving element 110S, and the light emitting element 110B (not shown). The protective layer 121 has a function of preventing impurities such as water from diffusing from above into each light emitting element.

[0070] Slits 120 are provided between adjacent light-emitting elements and light-receiving elements 110S and between two adjacent light-emitting elements. The slits 120 correspond to etched portions of the organic layer 112 or the organic layer 155 located between the adjacent light-emitting elements and light-receiving elements 110S or between two adjacent light-emitting elements.

[0071] Here, by processing the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 using a photolithography method, the distance between each pixel separated by the slit 120 can be narrowed to 8 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 2 μm or less, or 1 μm or less. Here, the distance between each pixel can be defined, for example, by the distance between opposing ends of each organic layer 112, the distance between opposing ends of the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155, and the distance between opposing ends of each organic layer 155. Alternatively, it can be defined by the distance between opposing ends of adjacent pixel electrodes 111. By narrowing the distance between each pixel in this way, a display device with high definition and a large aperture ratio can be provided.

[0072] Furthermore, by separating the adjacent organic layers 112 and 155 with the slits 120, the leakage path of current between the organic layers 112 and 155 can be cut off. This suppresses leakage current between the organic layers 112 and 155, enabling highly accurate imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio). Therefore, clear imaging can be achieved even with weak light. Therefore, the brightness of the light-emitting element used as a light source can be reduced during imaging, thereby reducing power consumption.

[0073] Furthermore, by separating adjacent organic layers 112 with slits 120, it is possible to cut off current leakage paths between adjacent organic layers 112 and suppress leakage current, which makes it possible to increase brightness, contrast, display quality, power efficiency, or reduce power consumption in the light-emitting element.

[0074] An insulating layer 125 and a resin layer 126 are provided in the slit 120. The insulating layer 125 is provided along the sidewalls and bottom surface of the slit 120. Therefore, the insulating layer 125 is in contact with the side surfaces of the organic layer 112 and the side surfaces of the organic layer 155. The resin layer 126 is provided on the insulating layer 125 and fills the recesses located in the slit 120. Therefore, the resin layer 126 is located between the side surfaces of the organic layers 112, or between the side surfaces of the organic layers 112 and 155. In other words, the side surfaces of the organic layers 112, or the side surfaces of the organic layers 112 and 155, face each other with the resin layer 126 interposed therebetween. The resin layer 126 also has the function of filling the recesses located in the slit 120 and planarizing the upper surface thereof. The resin layer 126 flattens the recesses of the slits 120, thereby improving the coverage of the organic layer 114, the common electrode 113, and the protective layer 121.

[0075] Furthermore, the slits 120 can be formed simultaneously with the formation of openings for external connection terminals such as the connection electrode 111C, and therefore these can be formed without increasing the number of processes. Furthermore, the slits 120 have the insulating layer 125 and the resin layer 126, which has the effect of preventing short circuits between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 113. Furthermore, the resin layer 126 has the effect of improving the adhesion of the organic layer 114. That is, by providing the resin layer 126, the adhesion of the organic layer 114 is improved, and therefore peeling of the organic layer 114 can be suppressed.

[0076] Since the insulating layer 125 is provided in contact with the side surface of an organic layer (e.g., organic layer 112, organic layer 155, etc.), a structure can be achieved in which the organic layer does not come into contact with the resin layer 126. If the organic layer comes into contact with the resin layer 126, the organic layer may be dissolved by an organic solvent contained in the resin layer 126. Therefore, as shown in this embodiment, by providing the insulating layer 125 between the organic layer and the resin layer 126, it is possible to protect the side surface of the organic layer. Note that the slit 120 may be configured to separate at least one or more of the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light-emitting layer, active layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer, and electron injection layer.

[0077] The insulating layer 125 can be an insulating layer containing an inorganic material. For example, an inorganic insulating film such as an insulating oxide film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used for the insulating layer 125. The insulating layer 125 may have a single-layer structure or a stacked-layer structure. Examples of oxide insulating films include a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, an indium gallium zinc oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, and a tantalum oxide film. Examples of nitride insulating films include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film. Examples of oxynitride insulating films include a silicon oxynitride film and an aluminum oxynitride film. Examples of nitride oxide insulating films include a silicon nitride oxide film and an aluminum nitride oxide film. In particular, by applying an inorganic insulating film such as an aluminum oxide film, a metal oxide film such as a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon oxide film formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to the insulating layer 125, it is possible to form an insulating layer 125 with few pinholes and excellent function of protecting the EL layer.

[0078] In this specification and elsewhere, an oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen, and a nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. For example, silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen, and silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen.

[0079] The insulating layer 125 can be formed by sputtering, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition), ALD, etc. The insulating layer 125 is preferably formed by ALD, which has good coverage.

[0080] An insulating layer containing an organic material can be suitably used as the resin layer 126. For example, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, imide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, silicone resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, phenol resin, precursors of these resins, etc. can be used as the resin layer 126. Alternatively, organic materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin can be used as the resin layer 126.

[0081] Furthermore, a photosensitive resin can be used as the resin layer 126. A photoresist can be used as the photosensitive resin. The photosensitive resin can be a positive type material or a negative type material.

[0082] Furthermore, by using a colored material (for example, a material containing a black pigment) for the resin layer 126, the layer may be provided with the function of blocking stray light from adjacent pixels and suppressing color mixing.

[0083] In addition, a reflective film (for example, a metal film containing one or more selected from silver, palladium, copper, titanium, aluminum, etc.) may be provided between the insulating layer 125 and the resin layer 126, and the reflective film may reflect the light emitted from the light-emitting layer, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency.

[0084] The upper surface of the resin layer 126 is preferably as flat as possible, but the surface may have a gently curved shape. While Fig. 1B and other figures show an example in which the upper surface of the resin layer 126 has a wavy shape with concave and convex portions, this is not limiting. For example, the upper surface of the resin layer 126 may be a convex surface, a concave surface, or a flat surface.

[0085] The protective layer 121 may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure including at least an inorganic insulating film. Examples of the inorganic insulating film include oxide films or nitride films such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum oxynitride film, and a hafnium oxide film. Alternatively, the protective layer 121 may be made of a semiconductor material such as indium gallium oxide or indium gallium zinc oxide.

[0086] 1C shows a connection section 130 where the connection electrode 111C and the common electrode 113 are electrically connected. In the connection section 130, the common electrode 113 is provided on the connection electrode 111C via an organic layer 114. An insulating layer 125 is provided in contact with the side surface of the connection electrode 111C, and a resin layer 126 is provided on the insulating layer 125.

[0087] The organic layer 114 does not necessarily have to be provided in the connection section 130. In that case, in the connection section 130, the common electrode 113 is provided in contact with the connection electrode 111C, and the protective layer 121 is provided to cover the common electrode 113.

[0088] The protective layer 121 may also be a laminated film of an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film. For example, it is preferable to have a configuration in which an organic insulating film is sandwiched between a pair of inorganic insulating films. Furthermore, it is preferable that the organic insulating film functions as a planarizing film. This makes it possible to make the upper surface of the organic insulating film flat, thereby improving the coverage of the inorganic insulating film thereon and enhancing the barrier properties. In addition, since the upper surface of the protective layer 121 is flat, when a structure (e.g., a color filter, a touch sensor electrode, a lens, or a lens array) is provided above the protective layer 121, it is preferable because the influence of uneven shapes caused by the structure below can be reduced.

[0089] A resin layer 122 is provided on the protective layer 121. The resin layer 122 can be made of various curable adhesives, such as a photo-curable adhesive (e.g., an ultraviolet curable adhesive), a reactive curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, or an anaerobic adhesive. Examples of such adhesives include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, and EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin. In particular, a material with low moisture permeability, such as epoxy resin, is preferable. Alternatively, a two-component resin may be used. Alternatively, an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.

[0090] The colored layers 129 (colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B (not shown)) are provided between the resin layer 122 and the substrate 102. The colored layer 129R has an area overlapping with the light-emitting element 110R, the colored layer 129G has an area overlapping with the light-emitting element 110G, and the colored layer 129B has an area overlapping with the light-emitting element 110B (not shown). The colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B each have an area overlapping with at least the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting element 110.

[0091] The colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B have the function of transmitting light in different wavelength ranges. For example, the colored layer 129R has the function of transmitting light having an intensity in the red wavelength range, the colored layer 129G has the function of transmitting light having an intensity in the green wavelength range, and the colored layer 129B has the function of transmitting light having an intensity in the blue wavelength range. This allows the display device 100 to perform full-color display. Note that the colored layer 129 may also have the function of transmitting any of cyan, magenta, and yellow light.

[0092] Here, it is preferable that adjacent colored layers 129 have overlapping regions. Specifically, it is preferable that adjacent colored layers 129 have overlapping regions in regions that do not overlap with the light-emitting element 110. By overlapping the colored layers 129 that transmit light of different colors, the colored layers 129 can function as light-blocking layers in the overlapping regions. This makes it possible to prevent light emitted by the light-emitting element 110 from leaking to adjacent subpixels. For example, it is possible to prevent light emitted by the light-emitting element 110R that overlaps with the colored layer 129R from being incident on the colored layer 129G. This makes it possible to increase the contrast of images displayed on the display device, thereby realizing a display device with high display quality.

[0093] Note that there may not be an overlapping region between adjacent colored layers 129. In this case, it is preferable to provide a light-shielding layer in a region that does not overlap with the light-emitting element 110. The light-shielding layer can be provided, for example, on the surface of the substrate 102 on the resin layer 122 side.

[0094] Although the above describes a configuration in which the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 cover the pixel electrode 111, the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 2A , the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 may be formed only on the flat portion of the pixel electrode 111, and not extending beyond the edge of the pixel electrode 111. Here, FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 1A . This configuration can prevent discontinuities in the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 due to steps in the pixel electrode 111. Furthermore, it can prevent further discontinuities in the organic layer 114 and the common electrode 113 due to the discontinuities.

[0095] 2B, the side surfaces of the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 may be configured to approximately coincide with the side surface of the pixel electrode 111. Here, FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to the dashed dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 1A.

[0096] 2C, the colored layer 129 may be provided in contact with the upper surface of the protective layer 121. In this case, the resin layer 122 is provided to cover the colored layer 129 and the protective layer 121. By forming the colored layer 129 on the protective layer 121, it is easy to align the respective light-emitting elements with the respective colored layers 129, and an extremely high-definition display device can be realized.

[0097] Next, a preferred configuration of the slit 120 and its vicinity will be described in detail. Figure 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view including a part of the light emitting element 110R, a part of the light emitting element 110G, and the region therebetween in Figure 1B.

[0098] As shown in Fig. 3A, the edge of the pixel electrode 111 is preferably tapered. This can improve the step coverage of the organic layer 112. In this specification and the like, a tapered edge of an object means that the angle between the surface and the surface to be formed in the edge region is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and the cross-sectional shape has a continuously increasing thickness from the edge. Note that although the pixel electrode 111R and the like have a single-layer structure here, multiple layers may be stacked.

[0099] An organic layer 112R is provided to cover the pixel electrode 111R. An organic layer 112G is provided to cover the pixel electrode 111G. These organic layers 112R and 112G are formed by dividing a continuous film by a slit 120.

[0100] Insulating layer 125 is provided inside slit 120 and in contact with the side surface of organic layer 112 R and the side surface of organic layer 112 G. Insulating layer 125 is also provided to cover the upper surface of substrate 101.

[0101] The resin layer 126 is provided in contact with the upper surface and side surfaces of the insulating layer 125. The resin layer 126 has the function of flattening recesses in the surface on which the organic layer 114 is to be formed.

[0102] An organic layer 114, a common electrode 113, and a protective layer 121 are formed in this order to cover the top surfaces of the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, the insulating layer 125, and the resin layer 126. The organic layer 114 may not be provided if it is not necessary.

[0103] FIG. 3B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of the light-emitting element 110G, a part of the light-receiving element 110S, and the slit 120 located between them.

[0104] An organic layer 112G is provided to cover the pixel electrode 111G. An organic layer 155 is provided to cover the pixel electrode 111S. The organic layer 112G and the organic layer 155 are separated by a slit 120.

[0105] In the enlarged views shown in Figures 3A and 3B, the area between light-emitting element 110R and light-emitting element 110G and the area between light-emitting element 110G and light-receiving element 110S have been described, but similar configurations also exist between light-emitting element 110R and light-emitting element 110B, between light-emitting element 110G and light-emitting element 110B, between light-emitting element 110R and light-receiving element 110S, and between light-emitting element 110B and light-receiving element 110S.

[0106] 4A and 4B are schematic cross-sectional views each showing a case where insulating layer 125 is not provided. In Fig. 4A, resin layer 126 is provided in contact with the side surfaces of organic layer 112R and organic layer 112G. In Fig. 4B, resin layer 126 is provided in contact with the side surfaces of organic layer 155 and organic layer 112G.

[0107] At this time, the EL layer or PD layer may be partially dissolved by the solvent used in forming the film that will become the resin layer 126. Therefore, if the insulating layer 125 is not provided, it is preferable to use water or an alcohol such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), or glycerin as the solvent for the resin layer 126. However, the solvent is not limited to this, and any solvent that does not dissolve or hardly dissolves the EL layer and the PD layer may be used.

[0108] As described above, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have a structure in which an insulator covering an edge of a pixel electrode is not provided. In other words, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which an insulator is not provided between the pixel electrode and the EL layer. With this structure, light emitted from the EL layer can be efficiently extracted, thereby significantly reducing viewing angle dependence. For example, in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, the viewing angle (the maximum angle at which a certain contrast ratio is maintained when the screen is viewed from an oblique direction) can be set to a range of 100° to less than 180°, preferably 150° to 170°. Note that the above viewing angle can be applied to both the vertical and horizontal directions. The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have improved viewing angle characteristics and thus can enhance image visibility.

[0109] [Variations] Figures 5A and 5B are modifications of Figures 3A and 3B, respectively. Figures 5A and 5B show an example in which an insulating layer 131 is provided to cover the edge of the pixel electrode.

[0110] The insulating layer 131 has a function of flattening the surface on which the organic layer 112 is formed. The edges of the insulating layer 131 are preferably tapered. Furthermore, by using an organic resin for the insulating layer 131, the surface can be made gently curved. This improves the coverage of a film formed on the insulating layer 131. Furthermore, the insulating layer 131 has a function of preventing two adjacent pixel electrodes 111 from being unintentionally electrically short-circuited.

[0111] Materials that can be used for the insulating layer 131 include, for example, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, phenol resin, and precursors of these resins.

[0112] 5A and 5B, insulating layer 131 may have a recess in the region overlapping with slit 120. This recess can be formed by etching a part of the upper part of insulating layer 131 during etching to form slit 120. A part of insulating layer 125 is formed so as to fit into the recess of insulating layer 131, thereby improving adhesion therebetween. Here, slit 120 is provided in the region overlapping with insulating layer 131.

[0113] 6A and 6B show an example in which an insulating layer 132 is provided on an insulating layer 131. In FIG.

[0114] The insulating layer 132 overlaps with an end portion of the pixel electrode 111 with the insulating layer 131 interposed therebetween. The insulating layer 132 is provided to cover the end portion of the insulating layer 131. The insulating layer 132 has a portion in contact with the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111.

[0115] The insulating layer 132 preferably has tapered edges, which can improve the step coverage of films formed on the insulating layer 132, such as an EL layer provided to cover the edges of the insulating layer 132.

[0116] The insulating layer 132 is preferably thinner than the insulating layer 131. By forming the insulating layer 132 thin, the step coverage of a film formed on the insulating layer 132 can be improved.

[0117] Examples of inorganic insulating materials that can be used for the insulating layer 132 include oxides and nitrides such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, and hafnium oxide. In addition, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, gallium oxide, tantalum oxide, magnesium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, neodymium oxide, and the like may also be used.

[0118] The insulating layer 132 may also be a stack of films containing the above inorganic insulating materials. For example, it may have a stacked structure in which a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film is stacked on a silicon nitride film, or a stacked structure in which a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film is stacked on an aluminum oxide film. Silicon oxide films and silicon oxynitride films are particularly resistant to etching, and therefore are preferably disposed on the upper side. Furthermore, silicon nitride films and aluminum oxide films are films through which water, hydrogen, oxygen, and the like do not easily diffuse. Therefore, by disposing them on the insulating layer 131 side, they function as a barrier layer that prevents gases desorbed from the insulating layer 131 from diffusing into the light-emitting element.

[0119] Here, the slits 120 are provided in regions overlapping with the insulating layer 132. By providing the insulating layer 132, it is possible to prevent the upper surface of the insulating layer 131 from being etched when the slits 120 are formed.

[0120] [Configuration example 2] A more specific configuration example will be described below.

[0121] Fig. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device exemplified below. Fig. 7A shows a cross section of a region including light-emitting element 110R, light-emitting element 110G, light-emitting element 110B, light-receiving element 110S, and connection portion 130. Fig. 7B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of slit 120 located between light-emitting element 110R and light-emitting element 110G and its vicinity.

[0122] The light emitting element 110B has a pixel electrode 111B, an organic layer 112B, an organic layer 114, and a common electrode 113. A colored layer 129B is provided so as to overlap the light emitting element 110B. The light emitting elements 110R and 110G also have a similar configuration.

[0123] Below the pixel electrode 111, a conductive layer 161, a conductive layer 162, and a resin layer 163 are provided.

[0124] The conductive layer 161 is provided on the insulating layer 105. Here, the insulating layer 105 is an insulating layer provided on the substrate 101, and wiring, transistors, electrodes, or the like (not shown) are provided on the substrate 101. The conductive layer 161 has a portion that penetrates the insulating layer 105 in an opening provided in the insulating layer 105. The conductive layer 161 functions as a wiring or electrode that electrically connects a wiring, transistor, electrode, or the like (not shown) located below the insulating layer 105 to the pixel electrode 111.

[0125] The conductive layer 161 has a recess formed in a portion corresponding to the opening of the insulating layer 105. The resin layer 163 is provided to fill the recess and functions as a planarizing film. The flatter the upper surface of the resin layer 163, the better, but the surface may also have a gently curved shape. While FIG. 7A and other figures show an example in which the upper surface of the resin layer 163 has a corrugated shape with recesses and protrusions, this is not limiting. For example, the upper surface of the resin layer 163 may be a convex surface, a concave surface, or a flat surface.

[0126] A conductive layer 162 is provided over the conductive layer 161 and the resin layer 163. The conductive layer 162 functions as an electrode that electrically connects the conductive layer 161 and the pixel electrode 111.

[0127] Here, when the light-emitting element 110 is a top-emission light-emitting element, a film reflective to visible light is used for the conductive layer 162, and a film transparent to visible light is used for the pixel electrode 111, so that the conductive layer 162 can function as a reflective electrode. Furthermore, the conductive layer 162 and the pixel electrode 111 can be provided above an opening (also referred to as a contact portion) of the insulating layer 105 with the resin layer 163 interposed therebetween, so that the portion overlapping with the contact portion can also be a light-emitting region. Therefore, the aperture ratio can be increased.

[0128] Similarly, when the light receiving element 110S is used as a photoelectric conversion element that receives light from above, a reflective film can be used for the conductive layer 162, and a light-transmitting film can be used for the pixel electrode 111. Furthermore, the contact portion can also function as a light receiving region, thereby expanding the light receiving area and improving the light receiving sensitivity.

[0129] The thickness of each pixel electrode 111 may be different from each other. In this case, the pixel electrode 111 can be used as an optical adjustment layer for the microcavity. When the microcavity is used, a film having transmissive and reflective properties is used as the common electrode.

[0130] 7A and 7B show an example in which the shape of the resin layer 126 is different from that shown in FIG. 1B and the like.

[0131] As shown in FIG. 7B , the upper part of the resin layer 126 has a shape that is wider than the slit 120. As will be described later, the insulating layer 125 is processed using the resin layer 126 as an etching mask, so a portion of the insulating layer 125 that is covered by the resin layer 126 remains. Furthermore, a portion of the sacrificial layer 145 used in the manufacturing process of the display device also remains for the same reason. Specifically, the sacrificial layer 145 is provided on the organic layer 112 near the slit 120. Furthermore, a portion of the insulating layer 125 is provided so as to cover the upper surface of the sacrificial layer 145. Furthermore, the resin layer 126 is provided so as to cover the sacrificial layer 145 and the insulating layer 125. Note that in this specification and the like, the sacrificial layer may also be referred to as a mask layer.

[0132] In this case, it is preferable that the end of the insulating layer 125 and the end of the sacrificial layer 145 each have a tapered shape, which can improve the step coverage of the organic layer 114 and the like.

[0133] [Example of manufacturing method] An example of a method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, the display device shown in FIG. 7A will be used as an example. FIGS. 8A to 12C are cross-sectional schematic views illustrating steps in an example of a method for manufacturing a display device, which will be described below. Also, in FIG. 8A and other drawings, cross-sectional schematic views of the connection portion 130 and its vicinity are also shown on the right side.

[0134] The thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that make up the display device can be formed using methods such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), vacuum evaporation, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and ALD. CVD methods include plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and thermal CVD. One type of thermal CVD method is metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).

[0135] Furthermore, thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that constitute the display device can be formed by methods such as spin coating, dipping, spray coating, inkjet, dispensing, screen printing, offset printing, doctor knife method, slit coating, roll coating, curtain coating, and knife coating.

[0136] Furthermore, when processing the thin film that constitutes the display device, a photolithography method or the like can be used. Alternatively, the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sandblasting method, a lift-off method, or the like. Furthermore, the island-shaped thin film may be directly formed by a film formation method using a shielding mask such as a metal mask.

[0137] There are two typical photolithography methods: one is to form a resist mask on the thin film to be processed, process the thin film by etching or the like, and then remove the resist mask; the other is to form a photosensitive thin film, and then process the thin film into the desired shape by exposure and development.

[0138] In photolithography, the light used for exposure can be, for example, i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture of these. Other light sources that can be used include ultraviolet light, KrF laser light, and ArF laser light. Exposure can also be performed using immersion exposure technology. Light used for exposure can also be extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light, X-rays, or the like. Instead of light used for exposure, an electron beam can also be used. Extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, or an electron beam are preferred because they enable extremely fine processing. When exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam, a photomask does not need to be used.

[0139] For etching the thin film, dry etching, wet etching, sandblasting, or the like can be used.

[0140] [Preparation of Substrate 101] A substrate having heat resistance sufficient to withstand at least a subsequent heat treatment can be used as the substrate 101. When an insulating substrate is used as the substrate 101, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a ceramic substrate, an organic resin substrate, or the like can be used. Also, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal semiconductor substrate made of silicon, silicon carbide, or the like, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, a compound semiconductor substrate such as silicon germanium, or an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate can be used.

[0141] In particular, it is preferable to use a substrate in which a semiconductor circuit including semiconductor elements such as transistors is formed on the semiconductor substrate or insulating substrate as the substrate 101. The semiconductor circuit preferably constitutes, for example, a pixel circuit, a gate line driving circuit (gate driver), a source line driving circuit (source driver), etc. In addition to the above, an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, etc. may also be configured.

[0142] An insulating layer 105 is provided on the top of the substrate 101. A plurality of openings are provided in the insulating layer 105, which reach transistors, wirings, electrodes, and the like provided on the substrate 101. The openings can be formed by photolithography.

[0143] The insulating layer 105 can be made of an inorganic insulating material or an organic insulating material.

[0144] [Formation of the Conductive Layer 161, Resin Layer 163, Conductive Layer 162, and Pixel Electrode 111] A conductive film that will become the conductive layer 161 is formed on the insulating layer 105. At this time, due to the opening in the insulating layer 105, a recess is formed in the conductive film.

[0145] Subsequently, a resin layer 163 is formed in the recesses of the conductive film.

[0146] It is preferable to use a photosensitive resin as the resin layer 163. In this case, a resin film is first formed, and then the resin film is exposed to light through a photomask, followed by a development process, thereby forming the resin layer 163. Thereafter, in order to adjust the height of the upper surface of the resin layer 163, the upper part of the resin layer 163 may be etched by ashing or the like.

[0147] Furthermore, when a non-photosensitive resin is used as the resin layer 163, after forming the resin film, the resin layer 163 can be formed by etching the upper part of the resin film by ashing or the like until the surface of the conductive film that will become the conductive layer 161 is exposed so as to optimize the thickness.

[0148] Next, a conductive film that becomes the conductive layer 161 and a conductive film that becomes the conductive layer 162 are formed on the resin layer 163. Furthermore, conductive films that become the pixel electrode 111 and the connection electrode 111C are formed on the conductive film that becomes the conductive layer 162. After that, a resist mask is formed on the three conductive film layers by photolithography, and unnecessary portions of the conductive film are removed by etching. After that, the resist mask is removed, so that the conductive layer 161, the conductive layer 162, the pixel electrode 111, and the connection electrode 111C can be formed in the same process (FIG. 8A).

[0149] Although the conductive layers 161 and 162 are formed in the same process using the same photomask here, the conductive layers 161 and 162 may be formed separately using different photomasks. In this case, it is preferable to process the conductive layers 161 and 162 so that the conductive layer 161 is included inside the contour of the conductive layer 162 in a plan view.

[0150] Alternatively, the pixel electrode 111 and the connection electrode 111C may be formed after the conductive layers 161 and 162 are formed. In this case, a conductive film to be the pixel electrode 111 and the connection electrode 111C is formed to cover the conductive layers 161 and 162, and part of the conductive film is removed by etching to form the pixel electrode 111 and the connection electrode 111C. Note that at this time, it is preferable to form the pixel electrode 111 and the connection electrode 111C so as to encompass the conductive layers 161 and 162, because the conductive layers 161 and 162 are not exposed to the etching atmosphere during the formation of the pixel electrode 111, etc.

[0151] [Formation of organic film 112f] Next, an organic film 112f is formed to cover the pixel electrode 111 and the connection electrode 111C (FIG. 8B). The organic film 112f is a film that will be processed into the organic layer 112 in a later step, and may be made of any of the above-mentioned materials that are applicable to the organic layer 112. The organic film 112f can be formed preferably by vacuum deposition. However, the method is not limited to this, and the film can also be formed by sputtering, inkjet, or the like. The above-mentioned film formation methods can also be used as appropriate.

[0152] 8B, the organic film 112f is provided to cover the connection electrode 111C, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, by using a mask for defining the film formation area (also called an area mask or a rough metal mask to distinguish it from a fine metal mask), the film formation area of ​​the organic film 112f may be limited to the area inside the connection portion 130, so that the organic film 112f does not overlap the connection electrode 111C. This prevents the connection electrode 111C from contacting the organic film 112f.

[0153] Alternatively, the organic film 112f may be separately formed using a fine metal mask. In this case, it is preferable that the organic film 112f only covers the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, and 111B, and not the pixel electrode 111S or the connection electrode 111C. This prevents the pixel electrode 111S and the connection electrode 111C from contacting the organic film 112f.

[0154] [Deposition of Sacrificial Film 144] Subsequently, a sacrificial film 144 is formed to cover the organic film 112f. In this specification and the like, the sacrificial film may also be referred to as a mask film.

[0155] The sacrificial film 144 can be a film that is highly resistant to the etching process of the organic layer 112, that is, a film with a large etching selectivity. Alternatively, the sacrificial film 144 can be a film that has a large etching selectivity with respect to a sacrificial film such as the sacrificial film 146 described below. Furthermore, it is particularly preferable to use a film that can be removed by wet etching, which causes little damage to the organic layer 112, for the sacrificial film 144.

[0156] For example, an inorganic film such as a metal film, an alloy film, a metal oxide film, a semiconductor film, or an inorganic insulating film can be suitably used as the sacrificial film 144. The sacrificial film 144 can be formed by various film formation methods such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, or an ALD method.

[0157] In particular, the ALD method causes less damage to the layer on which the film is formed, so it is preferable to form the sacrificial film 144 directly on the organic film 112f using the ALD method.

[0158] For example, metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, and tantalum, or alloy materials containing these metal materials can be used as the sacrificial film 144. In particular, it is preferable to use a low-melting-point material such as aluminum or silver.

[0159] Furthermore, metal oxides such as indium gallium zinc oxide (In-Ga-Zn oxide, also written as IGZO) can be used for the sacrificial film 144. Furthermore, indium oxide, indium zinc oxide (In-Zn oxide), indium tin oxide (In-Sn oxide), indium titanium oxide (In-Ti oxide), indium tin zinc oxide (In-Sn-Zn oxide), indium titanium zinc oxide (In-Ti-Zn oxide), indium gallium tin zinc oxide (In-Ga-Sn-Zn oxide), etc. can also be used. Alternatively, indium tin oxide containing silicon can also be used.

[0160] The present invention can also be applied to a case where element M (wherein M is one or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium) is used instead of the above-mentioned gallium.

[0161] Furthermore, oxides such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and silicon oxide, nitrides such as silicon nitride and aluminum nitride, and oxynitrides such as silicon oxynitride can be used as the sacrificial film 144. Such inorganic insulating materials can be formed using a film formation method such as a sputtering method, a CVD method, or an ALD method.

[0162] Alternatively, an organic material may be used for the sacrificial film 144. For example, a material that can be dissolved in a chemically stable solvent for the organic film 112f may be used as the organic material. In particular, a material that dissolves in water or alcohol is preferably used for the sacrificial film 144. When forming the sacrificial film 144, it is preferable to apply the sacrificial film 144 by dissolving it in a solvent such as water or alcohol, and then apply the applied material by a wet film formation method, followed by a heat treatment to evaporate the solvent. At this time, performing the heat treatment under a reduced pressure atmosphere is preferable because the solvent can be removed at a low temperature in a short time, thereby reducing thermal damage to the EL layer.

[0163] Wet film formation methods that can be used to form the sacrificial film 144 include spin coating, dipping, spray coating, inkjet, dispensing, screen printing, offset printing, doctor knife method, slit coating, roll coating, curtain coating, and knife coating.

[0164] The sacrificial film 144 may be made of an organic resin such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin. Alternatively, the sacrificial film 144 may be made of a fluororesin such as perfluoropolymer.

[0165] [Deposition of Sacrificial Film 146] Subsequently, a sacrificial film 146 is formed on the sacrificial film 144 (FIG. 8C).

[0166] The sacrificial film 146 is a film that is used as a hard mask when etching the sacrificial film 144 later. Furthermore, when processing the sacrificial film 146 later, the sacrificial film 144 is exposed. Therefore, a combination of films that have a large etching selectivity with respect to each other is selected for the sacrificial film 144 and the sacrificial film 146. Therefore, a film that can be used for the sacrificial film 146 can be selected depending on the etching conditions for the sacrificial film 144 and the etching conditions for the sacrificial film 146.

[0167] The sacrificial film 146 can be selected from various materials depending on the etching conditions of the sacrificial film 144 and the etching conditions of the sacrificial film 146. For example, the material can be selected from the films that can be used for the sacrificial film 144 described above.

[0168] For example, an oxide film can be used as the sacrificial film 146. Typically, an oxide film or an oxynitride film such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, hafnium oxide, or hafnium oxynitride can also be used.

[0169] Furthermore, for example, a nitride film can be used as the sacrificial film 146. Specifically, nitrides such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, gallium nitride, and germanium nitride can also be used.

[0170] For example, it is preferable to use an inorganic insulating material such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or silicon oxide formed by an ALD method as the sacrificial film 144, and a metal oxide containing indium such as IGZO formed by a sputtering method as the sacrificial film 146. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, copper, aluminum, titanium, or tantalum, or an alloy containing such a metal as the sacrificial film 146.

[0171] Furthermore, for example, the sacrificial film 144 can be an organic film (e.g., a PVA film) formed using a vapor deposition method or one of the above wet film formation methods, and the sacrificial film 146 can be an inorganic film (e.g., a silicon oxide film or a silicon nitride film) formed using a sputtering method.

[0172] Alternatively, an organic film that can be used for the organic layer 112 or the like may be used as the sacrificial film 146. For example, the same organic film as that used for the organic layer 112 can be used for the sacrificial film 146. Using such an organic film is preferable because it allows the same film-forming equipment to be used as for the organic layer 112 or the like. Furthermore, the sacrificial layer can be removed at the same time as etching the organic layer 112 or the like later using the sacrificial layer as a mask, thereby simplifying the process.

[0173] [Formation of Resist Mask 143] Next, a resist mask 143 is formed on the sacrificial film 146 at positions overlapping the pixel electrode 111R, the pixel electrode 111G, and the pixel electrode 111B (FIG. 9A). At this time, the resist mask is not formed at positions overlapping the pixel electrode 111S and the connection electrode 111C.

[0174] The resist mask 143 can be made of a resist material containing a photosensitive resin, such as a positive resist material or a negative resist material.

[0175] Here, if the resist mask 143 is formed on the sacrificial film 144 without the sacrificial film 146, there is a risk that the organic film 112f and the like will be dissolved by the solvent of the resist material if there are defects such as pinholes in the sacrificial film 144. By using the sacrificial film 146, it is possible to prevent such problems from occurring.

[0176] In some cases, the resist mask 143 may be formed directly on the sacrificial film 144 without using the sacrificial film 146, for example, when a material that does not dissolve the organic film 112f is used as a solvent for the resist material.

[0177] [Etching of the sacrificial film 146] Subsequently, a part of the sacrificial film 146 that is not covered by the resist mask 143 is removed by etching, and an island-shaped sacrificial layer 147 is formed.

[0178] When etching the sacrificial film 146, it is preferable to use etching conditions with a high selectivity so that the sacrificial film 144 is not removed by the etching. The sacrificial film 146 can be etched by wet etching or dry etching, but by using dry etching, it is possible to prevent the pattern of the sacrificial layer 147 from shrinking.

[0179] [Removal of resist mask 143] Subsequently, the resist mask 143 is removed.

[0180] The resist mask 143 can be removed by wet etching or dry etching. In particular, it is preferable to remove the resist mask 143 by dry etching (also called plasma ashing) using oxygen gas as an etching gas.

[0181] At this time, the resist mask 143 is removed in a state in which the organic film 112f is covered with the sacrificial film 144, and therefore the effect on the organic film 112f is suppressed. In particular, exposure of the organic film 112f to oxygen can adversely affect electrical characteristics, so this is suitable for use in etching using oxygen gas, such as plasma ashing. Furthermore, even when the resist mask 143 is removed by wet etching, the organic film 112f does not come into contact with chemicals, and therefore dissolution of the organic film 112f can be prevented.

[0182] [Etching of the sacrificial film 144] Subsequently, using the sacrificial layer 147 as a hard mask, a portion of the sacrificial film 144 is removed by etching to form an island-shaped sacrificial layer 145 (FIG. 9B).

[0183] The sacrificial film 144 can be etched by wet etching or dry etching, but dry etching is preferable because it can prevent the pattern from shrinking.

[0184] [Etching of organic film 112f] Subsequently, a portion of the organic film 112f that is not covered by the sacrificial layer 145 is removed by etching to form island-shaped organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B (FIG. 9C). Also, slits 120 are formed between the organic layers 112. At the same time, the upper surfaces of the pixel electrode 111S and the connection electrode 111C are exposed.

[0185] In particular, dry etching using an etching gas that does not contain oxygen as a main component is preferable for etching the organic film 112f. This suppresses deterioration of the organic film 112f and realizes a highly reliable display device. Examples of etching gases that do not contain oxygen as a main component include noble gases such as CF4, C4F8, SF6, CHF3, Cl2, H2O, BCl3, H2, and He. Also, a mixture of the above gases and a dilution gas that does not contain oxygen can be used as the etching gas.

[0186] The etching of the organic film 112f is not limited to the above, and may be dry etching using other gases or wet etching.

[0187] Furthermore, when dry etching is used to etch the organic film 112f using oxygen gas or a mixed gas containing oxygen gas as an etching gas, the etching rate can be increased. Therefore, etching can be performed under low power conditions while maintaining a sufficiently high etching rate, thereby reducing damage caused by etching. Furthermore, problems such as adhesion of reaction products generated during etching can be suppressed. For example, a mixed gas obtained by adding oxygen gas to the above-mentioned etching gas that does not contain oxygen as a main component can be used as the etching gas.

[0188] As described above, by processing the organic layer 112 using photolithography, the distance between pixels separated by the slits 120 can be narrowed to 8 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 2 μm or less, or 1 μm or less. By narrowing the distance between pixels in this way, a display device with high definition and a large aperture ratio can be provided.

[0189] Furthermore, by separating adjacent organic layers 112 with slits 120, it is possible to cut off current leakage paths between adjacent organic layers 112 and suppress leakage current, which makes it possible to increase brightness, contrast, display quality, power efficiency, or reduce power consumption in the light-emitting element.

[0190] Furthermore, the above process allows the organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B corresponding to the light-emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B to be formed simultaneously. This reduces the number of times that the organic layers are patterned to one-third of the number of times that red, green, and blue light-emitting elements are separately fabricated. By using the above method, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and the productivity of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be improved.

[0191] When the organic film 112f is etched, the insulating layer 105 is exposed. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film that is highly resistant to etching of the organic film 112f for the insulating layer 105. When the organic film 112f is etched, the upper part of the insulating layer 105 may be etched, and the portion not covered by the organic layer 112f may become thinner.

[0192] [Deposition of organic film 155f] Next, an organic film 155f is formed to cover the pixel electrode 111 and the connection electrode 111C (FIG. 10A). The organic film 155f is a film that will be processed into the organic layer 155 in a later step, and may be made of any of the materials applicable to the organic layer 155 described above. The organic film 155f can be formed preferably by vacuum deposition. However, the method is not limited to this, and the organic film 155f can also be formed by sputtering, inkjet, or the like. The above-mentioned film formation methods can also be used as appropriate.

[0193] Here, since the sacrificial layers 145 and 147 are provided on the organic layer 112, the upper surface of the organic layer 112 can be prevented from contacting the organic film 155f.

[0194] In addition, when forming the organic film 155f, an area mask may be used to limit the area where the organic film 155f is formed to the inside of the connection portion 130 so that the organic film 155f does not overlap the connection electrode 111C. This prevents the connection electrode 111C from coming into contact with the organic film 155f.

[0195] [Deposition of Sacrificial Film 174] Subsequently, a sacrificial film 174 is formed to cover the organic film 155f.

[0196] The sacrificial film 174 can be a film that is highly resistant to the etching process of the organic layer 155, that is, a film with a large etching selectivity. Also, the sacrificial film 174 can be a film that has a large etching selectivity with respect to a sacrificial film such as the sacrificial film 176 described below. Furthermore, it is particularly preferable to use a film that can be removed by wet etching, which causes little damage to the organic layer 155, for the sacrificial film 174.

[0197] The sacrificial film 174 can be formed using any of the materials that can be used for the sacrificial film 144 described above. The sacrificial film 174 can be formed by various film formation methods such as sputtering, vapor deposition, CVD, and ALD. In particular, the ALD method causes less film formation damage to the layer on which the sacrificial film 174 is formed, so it is preferable to form the sacrificial film 174 directly on the organic film 155f using the ALD method.

[0198] [Deposition of Sacrificial Film 176] Subsequently, a sacrificial film 176 is formed on the sacrificial film 174 (FIG. 10B).

[0199] The sacrificial film 176 is a film that is used as a hard mask when etching the sacrificial film 174 later. Furthermore, when processing the sacrificial film 176 later, the sacrificial film 174 is exposed. Therefore, a combination of films that have a large etching selectivity with respect to each other is selected for the sacrificial film 174 and the sacrificial film 176. Therefore, a film that can be used for the sacrificial film 176 can be selected depending on the etching conditions for the sacrificial film 174 and the etching conditions for the sacrificial film 176.

[0200] The sacrificial film 176 can be selected from various materials depending on the etching conditions of the sacrificial film 174 and the etching conditions of the sacrificial film 176. For example, the material can be selected from the films that can be used for the sacrificial film 144 described above.

[0201] For example, it is preferable to use an inorganic insulating material such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or silicon oxide formed by an ALD method as the sacrificial film 174, and a metal oxide containing indium such as IGZO formed by a sputtering method as the sacrificial film 176. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, copper, aluminum, titanium, or tantalum, or an alloy containing such a metal, as the sacrificial film 176.

[0202] [Formation of resist mask 173] Next, a resist mask 173 is formed on the sacrificial film 176 at a position overlapping with the pixel electrode 111S (FIG. 10C). At this time, the resist mask is not formed at a position overlapping with the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, 111B, and the connection electrode 111C.

[0203] The resist mask 173 may be formed using a material that can be used for the resist mask 143 .

[0204] [Etching of sacrificial film 176] Subsequently, a part of the sacrificial film 176 that is not covered by the resist mask 173 is removed by etching, and an island-shaped sacrificial layer 177 is formed.

[0205] When etching the sacrificial film 176, it is preferable to use etching conditions with a high selectivity so that the sacrificial film 174 is not removed by the etching. The sacrificial film 176 can be etched by wet etching or dry etching, but by using dry etching, it is possible to prevent the pattern of the sacrificial layer 177 from shrinking.

[0206] [Removal of resist mask 173] Next, the resist mask 173 is removed. The resist mask 173 can be removed in the same manner as the resist mask 143.

[0207] [Etching of sacrificial film 174] Subsequently, using the sacrificial layer 177 as a hard mask, a portion of the sacrificial film 174 is removed by etching to form an island-shaped sacrificial layer 175 (FIG. 11A).

[0208] The sacrificial film 174 can be etched by wet etching or dry etching, but dry etching is preferable because it can prevent the pattern from shrinking.

[0209] [Etching of organic film 155f] Subsequently, a portion of the organic film 155f that is not covered by the sacrificial layer 175 is removed by etching to form an island-shaped organic layer 155 (FIG. 11B). In addition, a slit 120 is formed between the organic layer 155 and the organic layer 112. At the same time, the upper surfaces of the sacrificial layer 147 and the connection electrode 111C are exposed.

[0210] The organic film 155f can be etched in the same manner as the above-described etching of the organic film 112f.

[0211] As described above, by processing organic layer 112 and organic layer 155 using photolithography, the distance between pixels separated by slit 120 can be narrowed to 8 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 2 μm or less, or 1 μm or less. By narrowing the distance between pixels in this way, a display device with high definition and a large aperture ratio can be provided.

[0212] Furthermore, by separating the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 with the slit 120, it is possible to cut off the current leakage path between the adjacent organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155. This suppresses the leakage current between the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155, and enables highly accurate imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio). Therefore, clear imaging can be performed even with weak light. Therefore, the brightness of the light-emitting element used as a light source can be reduced during imaging, thereby reducing power consumption.

[0213] Furthermore, by using the above process, in a display device in which a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element are combined, patterning of an organic layer can be completed in two steps. By using the above method in this manner, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and productivity of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be improved.

[0214] When the organic film 155f is etched, the insulating layer 105 is exposed. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film that is highly resistant to the etching of the organic film 155f for the insulating layer 105. When the organic film 155f is etched, the upper part of the insulating layer 105 may be etched, and the portion not covered by the organic layer 155 may become thinner.

[0215] [Removal of Sacrificial Layer] Next, sacrificial layers 147 and 177 are removed to expose the upper surfaces of sacrificial layers 145 and 175 (FIG. 11C). At this time, sacrificial layers 145 and 175 are preferably left as they are. Note that sacrificial layers 147 and 177 may not be removed at this stage.

[0216] [Formation of insulating film 125f] Subsequently, an insulating film 125f is formed to cover the sacrificial layer 145, the sacrificial layer 175, and the slit 120.

[0217] The insulating film 125f functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water from diffusing into the EL layer and the PD layer. The insulating film 125f is preferably formed by the ALD method, which has excellent step coverage, because it can adequately cover the side surfaces of the EL layer.

[0218] The insulating film 125f is preferably the same film as the sacrificial layer 145 and the sacrificial layer 175 because they can be simultaneously etched in a later step. For example, the insulating film 125f, the sacrificial layer 145, and the sacrificial layer 175 are preferably made of an inorganic insulating material such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or silicon oxide formed by an ALD method.

[0219] The material that can be used for the insulating film 125f is not limited to this, and any material that can be used for the sacrificial film 144 can be used as appropriate.

[0220] [Formation of Resin Layer 126] Next, a resin layer 126 is formed in the region overlapping with the slit 120 (FIG. 12A). The resin layer 126 can be formed by the same method as the resin layer 163. For example, the resin layer 126 can be formed by forming a photosensitive resin, followed by exposure and development. The resin layer 126 may also be formed by forming the resin over the entire surface, and then etching a portion of the resin by ashing or the like.

[0221] Here, an example is shown in which the resin layer 126 is formed to have a width greater than the width of the slit 120. The resin layer 126 is provided so as not to cover the connection electrode 111C.

[0222] [Etching of insulating film 125f, sacrificial layer 145, and sacrificial layer 175] Next, portions of insulating film 125f, sacrificial layer 145, and sacrificial layer 175 that are not covered with resin layer 126 are removed by etching to expose the upper surfaces of organic layer 112 and organic layer 155. As a result, insulating layer 125 and sacrificial layer 145 or sacrificial layer 175 are formed in the region covered with resin layer 126 (FIG. 12B).

[0223] It is preferable to etch the insulating film 125f, the sacrificial layer 145, and the sacrificial layer 175 in the same process. In particular, it is preferable to etch the sacrificial layer 145 and the sacrificial layer 175 by wet etching, which causes less etching damage to the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155. For example, it is preferable to use wet etching using a tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous solution, dilute hydrofluoric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, or a mixture of these.

[0224] Alternatively, it is preferable to remove at least one of the insulating film 125f, the sacrificial layer 145, and the sacrificial layer 175 by dissolving them in a solvent such as water or alcohol. Here, various alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), or glycerin can be used as the alcohol capable of dissolving the insulating film 125f, the sacrificial layer 145, and the sacrificial layer 175.

[0225] After removing the insulating film 125f, the sacrificial layer 145, and the sacrificial layer 175, it is preferable to perform a drying treatment to remove water contained inside the organic layer 112, the organic layer 155, etc., and water adsorbed on the surface. For example, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere. The heat treatment can be performed at a substrate temperature of 50°C or higher and 200°C or lower, preferably 60°C or higher and 150°C or lower, and more preferably 70°C or higher and 120°C or lower. A reduced pressure atmosphere is preferable because it allows drying at a lower temperature.

[0226] By removing the insulating film 125f, the sacrificial layer 145, and the sacrificial layer 175, the upper surface of the connection electrode 111C is also exposed.

[0227] [Formation of organic layer 114] Subsequently, the organic layer 114 is formed to cover the organic layer 112, the organic layer 155, the insulating layer 125, the sacrificial layer 145, the sacrificial layer 175, the resin layer 126, and the like.

[0228] The organic layer 114 can be formed by the same method as the organic film 112f, etc. When the organic layer 114 is formed by vapor deposition, an area mask may be used to prevent the organic layer 114 from being formed on the connection electrode 111C.

[0229] [Formation of Common Electrode 113] Subsequently, the common electrode 113 is formed to cover the organic layer 114 .

[0230] The common electrode 113 can be formed by a film formation method such as evaporation or sputtering, or by stacking a film formed by evaporation and a film formed by sputtering.

[0231] The common electrode 113 is preferably formed so as to encompass the region where the organic layer 114 is formed. That is, the edge of the organic layer 114 can be configured to overlap the common electrode 113. The common electrode 113 may be formed using an area mask.

[0232] 12C shows an example in which an organic layer 114 is sandwiched between a connection electrode 111C and a common electrode 113 as the connection portion 130. In this case, it is preferable to use a material with as low an electrical resistance as possible for the organic layer 114. Alternatively, it is preferable to form the organic layer 114 as thin as possible to reduce the electrical resistance in the thickness direction of the organic layer 114. For example, by using an electron-injecting or hole-injecting material with a thickness of 1 nm to 5 nm, preferably 1 nm to 3 nm, for the organic layer 114, it may be possible to reduce the electrical resistance between the connection electrode 111C and the common electrode 113 to a negligible level.

[0233] [Formation of protective layer] Next, a protective layer 121 is formed on the common electrode 113 (FIG. 12C). The inorganic insulating film used for the protective layer 121 is preferably formed by sputtering, PECVD, or ALD. The ALD method is particularly preferred because it has excellent step coverage and is less likely to cause defects such as pinholes. The inkjet method is also preferred for forming the organic insulating film, as it allows for the formation of a uniform film in the desired area.

[0234] [Formation of the Counter Substrate] Subsequently, the substrate 102 is bonded onto the protective layer 121 using the resin layer 122. Here, the substrate 102 is provided with colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B, and is bonded so that the colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B overlap the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, and 111B.

[0235] The colored layers 129R, 129G, and 129B can be formed at desired positions by an inkjet method, an etching method using photolithography, etc. Specifically, a different colored layer 129 (colored layer 129R, colored layer 129G, or colored layer 129B) can be formed for each pixel.

[0236] In this manner, the display device shown in FIG. 7A can be manufactured.

[0237] In the above description, the organic layer 112 and the organic layer 155 are formed in this order, but the order of formation is not limited to this. As shown in Figures 13A to 15C, the organic layer 155 and the organic layer 112 may be formed in this order. A method of forming the organic layer 155 and the organic layer 112 in this order will be described below.

[0238] 8A, pixel electrodes are formed, and an organic film 155f is formed to cover the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, 111B, and 111S and the connection electrode 111C (FIG. 13A). For the formation of the organic film 155f, the description of FIG. 10A can be referred to.

[0239] Subsequently, a sacrificial film 174 is formed to cover the organic film 155f. After that, a sacrificial film 176 is formed on the sacrificial film 174 (FIG. 13B). For the formation of the sacrificial films 174 and 176, the description of FIG. 10B can be referred to.

[0240] Subsequently, a resist mask 173 is formed on the sacrificial film 176 at a position overlapping the pixel electrode 111S (FIG. 13C). For the formation of the resist mask 173, the description relating to FIG. 10C can be referred to.

[0241] Next, a portion of the sacrificial film 176 that is not covered by the resist mask 173 is removed by etching to form a sacrificial layer 177. Then, the resist mask 173 is removed. Thereafter, using the sacrificial layer 177 as a hard mask, a portion of the sacrificial film 174 is removed by etching to form a sacrificial layer 175 (FIG. 14A). The description of FIG. 11A can be referred to for the formation of the sacrificial layer 177 and the sacrificial layer 175.

[0242] Subsequently, a part of the organic film 155f that is not covered with the sacrificial layer 175 is removed by etching to form the organic layer 155 (FIG. 14B). For the formation of the organic layer 155, the description regarding FIG. 11B can be referred to.

[0243] Subsequently, the organic film 112f is formed to cover the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, and 111B, the sacrificial layer 177, and the connection electrode 111C (FIG. 14C). For the formation of the organic film 112f, the description of FIG. 8B can be referred to.

[0244] Subsequently, a sacrificial film 144 is formed to cover the organic film 112f. After that, a sacrificial film 146 is formed on the sacrificial film 144 (FIG. 15A). For the formation of the sacrificial films 144 and 146, the description of FIG. 10C can be referred to.

[0245] Subsequently, a resist mask 143 is formed on the sacrificial film 146 at a position overlapping with the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, and 111B (FIG. 15B). The formation of the resist mask 143 can be referred to the description of FIG. 9A.

[0246] Next, a portion of the sacrificial film 146 that is not covered by the resist mask 143 is removed by etching to form a sacrificial layer 147. Then, the resist mask 143 is removed. Thereafter, using the sacrificial layer 147 as a hard mask, a portion of the sacrificial film 144 is removed by etching to form a sacrificial layer 145 (FIG. 15C). The description of FIG. 9B can be referred to for the formation of the sacrificial layer 147 and the sacrificial layer 145.

[0247] Next, the portion of the organic film 112f that is not covered by the sacrificial layer 145 is removed by etching, forming organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B. The description of FIG. 9C can be referred to for the formation of the organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B. In this manner, a configuration similar to that of the display device shown in FIG. 11B can be formed. Thereafter, the same processes as those shown in FIG. 11C and subsequent steps can be performed to fabricate the display device shown in FIG. 7A.

[0248] Furthermore, in the above example, the resin layer 126 is formed to be wider than the slits 120, but the resin layer 126 and the slits 120 may be formed to have the same width.

[0249] FIG. 16A is a schematic cross-sectional view at the point in time when a resin layer 126 is formed after an insulating film 125f is formed.

[0250] 12A , after forming a resin layer 126 that is wider than the slit 120, the upper part of the resin layer 126 is etched by ashing or the like, thereby forming the resin layer 126 only inside the slit 120. In this case, it is preferable to bring the upper surface of the resin layer 126 as close as possible to the height of the upper surface of the adjacent organic layer 112 or organic layer 155. This reduces the step between the portion overlapping with the slit 120 and both ends of the portion, and improves the step coverage of the organic layer 112 or organic layer 155.

[0251] Subsequently, the insulating film 125f, the sacrificial layer 145, and the sacrificial layer 175 are etched in the same manner as above (FIG. 16B). At this time, since there are no portions of the sacrificial layer 145 and the sacrificial layer 175 that are covered with the resin layer 126, the sacrificial layer 145 and the sacrificial layer 175 are removed without leaving any pieces.

[0252] Subsequently, the organic layer 114, the common electrode 113, and the protective layer 121 are formed in the same manner as above (FIG. 16C). Furthermore, the substrate 102 is attached in the same manner as above, thereby completing the production of a display device.

[0253] This completes the description of the example of the method for manufacturing the display device.

[0254] This embodiment mode can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiment modes described in this specification.

[0255] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, a structural example of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. Here, a display device capable of displaying an image will be described, but the display device can also be used by using a light-emitting element as a light source.

[0256] The display device of the present embodiment can be a high-resolution display device or a large-sized display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment can be used in electronic devices having relatively large screens, such as television devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, computer monitors, digital signage, and large game machines such as pachinko machines, as well as in the display units of digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, smartphones, wristwatch-type terminals, tablet terminals, personal digital assistants, and sound reproduction devices.

[0257] [Display device 400] FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of display device 400, and FIG. 18A shows a cross-sectional view of display device 400.

[0258] The display device 400 has a configuration in which a substrate 454 and a substrate 453 are bonded together. In Fig. 17, the substrate 454 is clearly indicated by a dashed line.

[0259] The display device 400 includes a display unit 462, a circuit 464, wiring 465, etc. Fig. 17 shows an example in which an IC 473 and an FPC 472 are mounted on the display device 400. Therefore, the configuration shown in Fig. 18 can also be said to be a display module including the display device 400, an IC (integrated circuit), and an FPC.

[0260] The circuit 464 can be, for example, a scanning line driver circuit.

[0261] The wiring 465 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display portion 462 and the circuit 464. The signals and power are input to the wiring 465 from the outside via the FPC 472 or input to the wiring 465 from the IC 473.

[0262] 17 shows an example in which an IC 473 is provided on a substrate 453 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or a COF (Chip On Film) method. The IC 473 may be, for example, an IC having a scanning line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit. Note that the display device 400 and the display module may not include an IC. Alternatively, the IC may be mounted on an FPC by a COF method or the like.

[0263] 18A shows an example of a cross section of a part of a region including FPC 472, a part of circuit 464, a part of display unit 462, and a part of a region including a connection portion of display device 400. Fig. 18A shows an example of a cross section of display unit 462, particularly a region including light-emitting element 430b that emits green light (G) and light-receiving element 440 that receives reflected light (L).

[0264] The display device 400 shown in FIG. 18A includes the transistor 252, the transistor 260, the transistor 258, the light-emitting element 430b, the coloring layer 418, the light-receiving element 440, and the like between a substrate 453 and a substrate 454.

[0265] Here, the light-emitting element 430b uses the light-emitting element 110G described in Embodiment 1, the colored layer 418 uses the colored layer 129G described in Embodiment 1, and the light-receiving element 440 uses the light-receiving element 110S described in Embodiment 1. Although light-emitting elements corresponding to the light-emitting elements 110R and 110B are not shown in FIG. 18A, they can be provided in the same manner as the light-emitting element 430b. Although colored layers corresponding to the colored layers 129R and 129B are not shown in FIG. 18A, they can be provided in the same manner as the colored layer 418.

[0266] Here, when a pixel of a display device has three types of subpixels having colored layers that transmit different colors, the three subpixels include subpixels of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), or subpixels of three colors of yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M), etc. When a pixel of a display device has four subpixels, the four subpixels include subpixels of four colors of R, G, B, and white (W), or subpixels of four colors of R, G, B, and Y, etc.

[0267] Furthermore, the light receiving element 440 may be a photoelectric conversion element sensitive to light in the red, green, or blue wavelength range, or a photoelectric conversion element sensitive to light in the infrared wavelength range.

[0268] The substrate 454 and the protective layer 416 are bonded together via an adhesive layer 442. The adhesive layer 442 is provided to overlap the light emitting element 430b and the light receiving element 440, respectively, and a solid sealing structure is applied to the display device 400. A light-shielding layer 417 is provided on the substrate 454.

[0269] The light-emitting element 430b and the light-receiving element 440 each have a conductive layer 411a, a conductive layer 411b, and a conductive layer 411c as pixel electrodes. The conductive layer 411b is reflective to visible light and functions as a reflective electrode. The conductive layer 411c is transparent to visible light and functions as an optical adjustment layer. The common electrode 413 is also transparent to visible light.

[0270] A conductive layer 411a included in the light-emitting element 430b is connected to a conductive layer 272b included in the transistor 260 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 294. The transistor 260 has a function of controlling driving of the light-emitting element. On the other hand, the conductive layer 411a included in the light-receiving element 440 is electrically connected to a conductive layer 272b included in the transistor 258. The transistor 258 has a function of controlling the timing of exposure using the light-receiving element 440, for example.

[0271] An EL layer 412G or a PD layer 412S is provided to cover the pixel electrode. An insulating layer 421 is provided in contact with the side surfaces of the EL layer 412G and the PD layer 412S, and a resin layer 422 is provided to fill the recesses in the insulating layer 421. An organic layer 414, a common electrode 413, and a protective layer 416 are provided to cover the EL layer 412G and the PD layer 412S. By providing the protective layer 416 to cover the light-emitting element, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water from entering the light-emitting element and improve the reliability of the light-emitting element.

[0272] Light G emitted by light-emitting element 430b passes through colored layer 418 and is emitted toward substrate 454. Light-receiving element 440 receives light L incident through substrate 454 and converts it into an electrical signal. Here, light L also includes light G that is reflected outside substrate 454. It is preferable to use a material that is highly transparent to visible light for substrate 454.

[0273] The transistor 252, the transistor 260, and the transistor 258 are all formed over a substrate 453. These transistors can be manufactured using the same material and the same process.

[0274] Note that the transistor 252, the transistor 260, and the transistor 258 may be fabricated to have different structures. For example, transistors may be fabricated with or without a back gate, or transistors may be fabricated with different materials and / or thicknesses of semiconductors, gate electrodes, gate insulating layers, source electrodes, and drain electrodes.

[0275] The substrate 453 and the insulating layer 262 are bonded together by an adhesive layer 455 .

[0276] The display device 400 is manufactured by first bonding a fabrication substrate provided with the insulating layer 262, the transistors, the light-emitting elements, the light-receiving elements, and the like to a substrate 454 provided with a light-shielding layer 417 with an adhesive layer 442. Then, the fabrication substrate is peeled off and a substrate 453 is attached to the exposed surface, thereby transferring each component formed on the fabrication substrate to the substrate 453. The substrate 453 and the substrate 454 are preferably flexible. This can increase the flexibility of the display device 400.

[0277] A connection portion 254 is provided in a region of the substrate 453 where the substrate 454 does not overlap. In the connection portion 254, a wiring 465 is electrically connected to the FPC 472 via a conductive layer 466 and a connection layer 292. The conductive layer 466 can be obtained by processing the same conductive film as the pixel electrode. This allows the connection portion 254 and the FPC 472 to be electrically connected via the connection layer 292.

[0278] The transistor 252, the transistor 260, and the transistor 258 each include a conductive layer 271 functioning as a gate, an insulating layer 261 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 281 including a channel formation region 281i and a pair of low-resistance regions 281n, a conductive layer 272a connected to one of the pair of low-resistance regions 281n, a conductive layer 272b connected to the other of the pair of low-resistance regions 281n, an insulating layer 275 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a conductive layer 273 functioning as a gate, and an insulating layer 265 covering the conductive layer 273. The insulating layer 261 is located between the conductive layer 271 and the channel formation region 281i. The insulating layer 275 is located between the conductive layer 273 and the channel formation region 281i.

[0279] The conductive layer 272a and the conductive layer 272b are each connected to the low-resistance region 281n through an opening provided in the insulating layer 265. One of the conductive layer 272a and the conductive layer 272b functions as a source, and the other functions as a drain.

[0280] 18A shows an example in which the insulating layer 275 covers the top surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer. The conductive layer 272a and the conductive layer 272b are connected to the low-resistance region 281n through openings provided in the insulating layer 275 and the insulating layer 265, respectively.

[0281] On the other hand, in the transistor 259 shown in FIG. 18B, the insulating layer 275 overlaps with the channel formation region 281i of the semiconductor layer 281 but does not overlap with the low-resistance region 281n. For example, the structure shown in FIG. 18B can be manufactured by processing the insulating layer 275 using the conductive layer 273 as a mask. In FIG. 18B, the insulating layer 265 is provided to cover the insulating layer 275 and the conductive layer 273, and the conductive layer 272a and the conductive layer 272b are each connected to the low-resistance region 281n through openings in the insulating layer 265. Furthermore, an insulating layer 268 may be provided to cover the transistor.

[0282] The structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, an inverted staggered transistor, or the like can be used. Furthermore, either a top-gate transistor or a bottom-gate transistor structure may be used. Alternatively, gates may be provided above and below a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.

[0283] The transistors 252, 260, and 258 each have a structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates. The two gates may be connected and the same signal may be supplied to drive the transistor. Alternatively, the threshold voltage of the transistor may be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and a potential for driving the other.

[0284] The crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor is not particularly limited, and any of an amorphous semiconductor, a single-crystal semiconductor, and a semiconductor having crystallinity other than single crystal (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, or a semiconductor having a crystalline region in part) may be used. The use of a single-crystal semiconductor or a crystalline semiconductor is preferable because it can suppress deterioration of transistor characteristics.

[0285] The semiconductor layer of the transistor preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor). That is, the display device of this embodiment preferably includes a transistor using a metal oxide for a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor).

[0286] The band gap of the metal oxide used for the semiconductor layer of the transistor is preferably 2 eV or more, more preferably 2.5 eV or more. Use of a metal oxide with a wide band gap can reduce the off-state current of the OS transistor.

[0287] The metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc, and more preferably contains indium and zinc. For example, the metal oxide preferably contains indium, M (where M is one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin, silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt), and zinc. In particular, M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium, and tin, and more preferably gallium. Note that a metal oxide containing indium, M, and zinc may be referred to as an In-M-Zn oxide hereinafter.

[0288] When the metal oxide is an In-M-Zn oxide, the atomic ratio of In in the In-M-Zn oxide is preferably equal to or greater than the atomic ratio of M. Examples of atomic ratios of metal elements in such In-M-Zn oxides include compositions in which In:M:Zn=1:1:1 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=1:1:1.2 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=2:1:3 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=3:1:2 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=4:2:3 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=4:2:4.1 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=5:1:3 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=5:1:6 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=5:1:7 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=5:1:8 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=6:1:6 or thereabouts, and In:M:Zn=5:2:5 or thereabouts, etc. Note that "nearby compositions" includes a range of ±30% of the desired atomic ratio. By increasing the atomic ratio of indium in the metal oxide, the on-state current, field-effect mobility, and the like of a transistor can be increased.

[0289] For example, when describing a composition with an atomic ratio of In:Ga:Zn=4:2:3 or thereabout, this includes a case where, when In is taken as 4, Ga is 1 to 3 and Zn is 2 to 4. Furthermore, when describing a composition with an atomic ratio of In:Ga:Zn=5:1:6 or thereabout, this includes a case where, when In is taken as 5, Ga is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less and Zn is 5 to 7 or less. Furthermore, when describing a composition with an atomic ratio of In:Ga:Zn=1:1:1 or thereabout, this includes a case where, when In is taken as 1, Ga is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less and Zn is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less.

[0290] The atomic ratio of In in the In-M-Zn oxide may be less than the atomic ratio of M. Examples of atomic ratios of metal elements in such In-M-Zn oxide include compositions of In:M:Zn=1:3:2 or thereabouts, In:M:Zn=1:3:3 or thereabouts, and In:M:Zn=1:3:4 or thereabouts. Increasing the atomic ratio of M in the metal oxide increases the band gap of the In-M-Zn oxide, thereby improving its resistance to negative bias stress testing under light irradiation. Specifically, it reduces the change in threshold voltage or shift voltage (Vsh) measured in a negative bias temperature illumination stress (NBTIS) test of a transistor. The shift voltage (Vsh) is defined as the Vg at which the tangent to the maximum slope of the drain current (Id)-gate voltage (Vg) curve of the transistor intersects with the line at Id=1 pA.

[0291] Alternatively, the semiconductor layer of the transistor may include silicon, such as amorphous silicon or crystalline silicon (low-temperature polysilicon (also referred to as LTPS) or single-crystal silicon).

[0292] In particular, low-temperature polysilicon has relatively high mobility and can be formed on a glass substrate, making it suitable for use in display devices. For example, a transistor using low-temperature polysilicon in a semiconductor layer (LTPS transistor) can be applied to the transistor 252 in the driver circuit, and a transistor using an oxide semiconductor in a semiconductor layer (OS transistor) can be applied to the transistor 260, the transistor 258, and the like provided in the pixel. By using both an LTPS transistor and an OS transistor, a display device with low power consumption and high driving capability can be realized. A structure in which an LTPS transistor and an OS transistor are combined may be referred to as LTPO. Note that, as a more preferred example, it is preferable to use an OS transistor as a transistor that functions as a switch for controlling conduction / non-conduction between wirings, and to use an LTPS transistor as a transistor for controlling current.

[0293] Alternatively, the semiconductor layer of the transistor may include a layered material that functions as a semiconductor. A layered material is a general term for a group of materials that have a layered crystal structure. A layered crystal structure is a structure in which layers formed by covalent or ionic bonds are stacked via bonds weaker than covalent or ionic bonds, such as van der Waals forces. A layered material has high electrical conductivity within a unit layer, that is, high two-dimensional electrical conductivity. By using a material that functions as a semiconductor and has high two-dimensional electrical conductivity in the channel formation region, a transistor with a large on-state current can be provided.

[0294] Examples of the layered material include graphene, silicene, and chalcogenides. Chalcogenides are compounds containing chalcogen (elements belonging to Group 16). Examples of chalcogenides include transition metal chalcogenides and Group 13 chalcogenides. Specific examples of transition metal chalcogenides applicable to the semiconductor layer of a transistor include molybdenum sulfide (typically MoS2), molybdenum selenide (typically MoSe2), molybdenum tellurium (typically MoTe2), tungsten sulfide (typically WS2), tungsten selenide (typically WSe2), tungsten tellurium (typically WTe2), hafnium sulfide (typically HfS2), hafnium selenide (typically HfSe2), zirconium sulfide (typically ZrS2), and zirconium selenide (typically ZrSe2).

[0295] The display device shown in FIG. 18A includes an OS transistor and a common layer between light-emitting elements is separated. This configuration can significantly reduce leakage current that may flow through the transistor and leakage current that may flow between adjacent light-emitting elements (also referred to as lateral leakage current or side leakage current). Furthermore, when an image is displayed on the display device, the viewer can observe one or more of image clarity, image sharpness, high saturation, and a high contrast ratio. By significantly reducing leakage current that may flow through the transistor and lateral leakage current between light-emitting elements, a display with extremely reduced light leakage (so-called floating black) that may occur during black display (also referred to as true black display) can be achieved.

[0296] In particular, among light-emitting devices with an MML structure, by applying a color-coded structure (SBS structure), the layers provided between the light-emitting elements (for example, organic layers used in common between the light-emitting elements, also called common layers) are separated, resulting in a display with no side leakage or extremely little side leakage.

[0297] The transistors included in the circuit 464 may have the same structure as or different from the transistors included in the display portion 462. The transistors included in the circuit 464 may all have the same structure or may have two or more types of structures. Similarly, the transistors included in the display portion 462 may all have the same structure or may have two or more types of structures.

[0298] At least one insulating layer covering the transistor is preferably made of a material that is resistant to the diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen. This allows the insulating layer to function as a barrier layer. With this structure, it is possible to effectively prevent impurities from diffusing into the transistor from the outside, thereby improving the reliability of the display device.

[0299] It is preferable to use an inorganic insulating film for each of the insulating layers 261, 262, 265, 268, and 275. Examples of the inorganic insulating film that can be used include a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, and an aluminum nitride film. Alternatively, a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, and a neodymium oxide film may also be used. Two or more of the above-described inorganic insulating films may be stacked.

[0300] An organic insulating film is suitable for the insulating layer 294, which functions as a planarizing layer. Materials that can be used for the organic insulating film include acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, phenol resin, and precursors of these resins.

[0301] Here, organic insulating films often have lower barrier properties than inorganic insulating films. Therefore, it is preferable that the organic insulating film has an opening near the edge of the display device 400. This can prevent impurities from entering from the edge of the display device 400 through the organic insulating film. Alternatively, the organic insulating film may be formed so that the edge of the organic insulating film is located inside the edge of the display device 400, so that the organic insulating film is not exposed at the edge of the display device 400.

[0302] It is preferable to provide a light-shielding layer 417 on the surface of substrate 454 facing substrate 453. Furthermore, a colored layer 418 or the like may be provided on the surface of substrate 454 facing substrate 453. In Fig. 18A, when viewed from the perspective of substrate 454, colored layer 418 is provided so as to cover a portion of light-shielding layer 417.

[0303] Various optical members can be disposed on the outside of substrate 454. Examples of optical members include a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, a light diffusion layer (such as a diffusion film), an anti-reflection layer, and a light collecting film. In addition, an antistatic film that suppresses the adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult for dirt to adhere, a hard coat film that suppresses scratches caused by use, an impact absorbing layer, etc. may be disposed on the outside of substrate 454.

[0304] 18A shows a connection portion 278. The common electrode 413 and a wiring are electrically connected at the connection portion 278. FIG. 18A shows an example in which the same layered structure as that of the pixel electrode is applied to the wiring.

[0305] The substrate 453 and the substrate 454 can each be made of glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, resin, metal, alloy, semiconductor, or the like. A material that transmits light is used for the substrate on the side from which light from the light-emitting element is extracted. When a flexible material is used for the substrate 453 and the substrate 454, the flexibility of the display device can be increased, and a flexible display can be realized. Alternatively, a polarizing plate may be used for the substrate 453 or the substrate 454.

[0306] Substrates 453 and 454 can be made of polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, polyamide resin (nylon, aramid, etc.), polysiloxane resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, ABS resin, cellulose nanofiber, etc. One or both of substrates 453 and 454 may be made of glass having a thickness sufficient to provide flexibility.

[0307] When a circularly polarizing plate is superimposed on a display device, it is preferable that the display device has a substrate with high optical isotropy. A substrate with high optical isotropy has small birefringence (or a small amount of birefringence).

[0308] The absolute value of the retardation (phase difference) of a substrate having high optical isotropy is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.

[0309] Examples of films with high optical isotropy include triacetyl cellulose (TAC, also known as cellulose triacetate) films, cycloolefin polymer (COP) films, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, and acrylic films.

[0310] Furthermore, when a film is used as a substrate, the film may absorb water, causing deformation such as wrinkles in the display panel. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film with low water absorption for the substrate. For example, it is preferable to use a film with a water absorption rate of 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and even more preferably 0.01% or less.

[0311] The adhesive layer can be made of various curable adhesives, such as photo-curable adhesives (e.g., ultraviolet curable), reactive curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives. Examples of such adhesives include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, and EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin. Materials with low moisture permeability, such as epoxy resin, are particularly preferred. Two-component resins may also be used. Adhesive sheets, etc., may also be used.

[0312] The connection layer 292 may be made of an anisotropic conductive film (ACF), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), or the like.

[0313] Materials that can be used for conductive layers such as the gate, source, and drain of a transistor, as well as various wirings and electrodes that constitute a display device include metals such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, and tungsten, and alloys containing these metals as main components, etc. Films containing these materials can be used as a single layer or a stacked layer structure.

[0314] Examples of light-transmitting conductive materials include conductive oxides such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, and zinc oxide containing gallium, or graphene. Alternatively, metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, and titanium, or alloy materials containing such metal materials, can be used. Alternatively, nitrides of such metal materials (e.g., titanium nitride) can be used. When using metal materials or alloy materials (or their nitrides), it is preferable to thin them sufficiently to ensure light-transmitting properties. A stacked film of the above materials can also be used as the conductive layer. For example, a stacked film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide is preferable because it can enhance conductivity. These can also be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting a display device, and for conductive layers (conductive layers functioning as pixel electrodes or common electrodes) of light-emitting elements.

[0315] Examples of insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include resins such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide.

[0316] Although Fig. 18A shows a top-emission type display device, the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in Fig. 19, a bottom-emission type display device may also be used. The display device 400 shown in Fig. 19 differs from the display device 400 of Fig. 18A mainly in that it is a bottom-emission type. Note that a description of the same parts as the display device 400 of Fig. 18A will be omitted.

[0317] Light G emitted by light-emitting element 430b passes through colored layer 418 and is emitted toward substrate 453. Light-receiving element 440 receives light L incident through substrate 453 and converts it into an electrical signal. It is preferable that a material with high transparency to visible light is used for substrate 453. On the other hand, the light-transmitting property of the material used for substrate 454 is not an issue.

[0318] 19, the conductive layers 411a, 411b, and 411c contain a material that transmits visible light, and the common electrode 413 contains a material that reflects visible light. Here, the conductive layer 466 and the connection layer 292, which are obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 411a and 411b, also contain a material that transmits visible light.

[0319] 19 shows an example in which the light-shielding layer 417 is provided over the adhesive layer 455, the insulating layer 262 is provided over the light-shielding layer 417, and the transistors 260, 252, and the like are provided over the insulating layer 262.

[0320] 19, a colored layer 418 is provided between the insulating layer 294 and the insulating layer 265. It is preferable that an edge of the colored layer 418 overlaps with the light-shielding layer 417.

[0321] At least a part of the configuration examples exemplified in this embodiment and the corresponding drawings can be combined as appropriate with other configuration examples or drawings.

[0322] This embodiment mode can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiment modes described in this specification.

[0323] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, a display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0324] The display device of the present embodiment can be a high-definition display device, and can therefore be used as a display unit of information terminals (wearable devices) such as wristwatches and bracelets, as well as head-mounted wearable devices such as VR (Virtual Reality) devices and eyeglass-type AR (Augmented Reality) devices.

[0325] [Display module] 20A shows a perspective view of a display module 1280. The display module 1280 includes a display device 100C and an FPC 1290. Note that the display device included in the display module 1280 is not limited to the display device 100C, and may be any of display devices 100D to 100G described below.

[0326] The display module 1280 includes a substrate 1291 and a substrate 1292. The display module 1280 includes a display portion 1281. The display portion 1281 is a region for displaying an image in the display module 1280, and is a region where light from each pixel provided in a pixel portion 1284 (described later) can be viewed.

[0327] 20B is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 1291 side. A circuit portion 1282, a pixel circuit portion 1283 on the circuit portion 1282, and a pixel portion 1284 on the pixel circuit portion 1283 are stacked on the substrate 1291. A terminal portion 1285 for connecting to an FPC 1290 is provided in a portion of the substrate 1291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 1284. The terminal portion 1285 and the circuit portion 1282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 1286 composed of a plurality of wirings.

[0328] The pixel unit 1284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 1284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 1284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 20B. The pixel 1284a has subpixels 103R, 103G, 103B, and 103S. The previous embodiment can be referred to for the configuration of the subpixels 103R, 103G, 103B, and 103S and their surroundings. The plurality of subpixels can be arranged in a matrix array as shown in FIG. 20B. Various subpixel arrangement methods, such as a delta array or a pentile array, can also be applied.

[0329] The pixel circuit section 1283 has a plurality of pixel circuits 1283a arranged periodically.

[0330] One pixel circuit 1283a is a circuit that controls the light emission of three light-emitting devices included in one pixel 1284a. One pixel circuit 1283a may be configured to have three circuits that control the light emission of one light-emitting device. For example, the pixel circuit 1283a may be configured to have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (drive transistor), and a capacitor element for each light-emitting device. In this case, a gate signal is input to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is input to either the source or the drain. This realizes an active matrix display device.

[0331] The circuit portion 1282 includes a circuit for driving each pixel circuit 1283a of the pixel circuit portion 1283. For example, it preferably includes one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit. In addition, it may include at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like.

[0332] The FPC 1290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal, a power supply potential, or the like from the outside to the circuit portion 1282. An IC may be mounted on the FPC 1290.

[0333] The display module 1280 can have a configuration in which one or both of the pixel circuit portion 1283 and the circuit portion 1282 are stacked below the pixel portion 1284, thereby enabling the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 1281 to be extremely high. For example, the aperture ratio of the display portion 1281 can be set to 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, and more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less. Furthermore, the pixels 1284a can be arranged at extremely high density, enabling the resolution of the display portion 1281 to be extremely high. For example, it is preferable that the pixels 1284a are arranged in the display portion 1281 at a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and further preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less.

[0334] Such a display module 1280 has extremely high resolution and can therefore be suitably used in VR devices such as head-mounted displays or eyeglass-type AR devices. For example, even in a configuration in which the display unit of the display module 1280 is viewed through lenses, the display module 1280 has an extremely high-resolution display unit 1281, so that even if the display unit is enlarged with lenses, the pixels are not visible, allowing for a highly immersive display. Furthermore, the display module 1280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used in electronic devices having relatively small display units. For example, it can be suitably used in the display unit of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.

[0335] [Display device 100C] 21 includes a substrate 1301, subpixels 103R, 103G, and 103S, a capacitor 1240, and a transistor 1310. The subpixel 103R includes a light-emitting element 110R and a colored layer 129R, the subpixel 103G includes a light-emitting element 110G and a colored layer 129G, and the subpixel 103S includes a light-receiving element 110S. Although the subpixel 103B is not shown in FIG. 21, the subpixel 103B can be configured similarly to the subpixels 103R and 103G.

[0336] 20A and 20B. The layered structure from substrate 1301 to insulating layer 1255b corresponds to substrate 101 in the first embodiment.

[0337] The transistor 1310 has a channel formation region in a substrate 1301. The substrate 1301 can be, for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate. The transistor 1310 includes a part of the substrate 1301, a conductive layer 1311, a low-resistance region 1312, an insulating layer 1313, and an insulating layer 1314. The conductive layer 1311 functions as a gate electrode. The insulating layer 1313 is located between the substrate 1301 and the conductive layer 1311 and functions as a gate insulating layer. The low-resistance region 1312 is a region in which the substrate 1301 is doped with impurities and functions as either a source or a drain. The insulating layer 1314 is provided to cover a side surface of the conductive layer 1311.

[0338] In addition, an element isolation layer 1315 is provided between two adjacent transistors 1310 so as to be embedded in the substrate 1301 .

[0339] In addition, an insulating layer 1261 is provided to cover the transistor 1310 , and a capacitor 1240 is provided over the insulating layer 1261 .

[0340] Capacitor 1240 has conductive layer 1241, conductive layer 1245, and insulating layer 1243 positioned therebetween. Conductive layer 1241 functions as one electrode of capacitor 1240, conductive layer 1245 functions as the other electrode of capacitor 1240, and insulating layer 1243 functions as a dielectric of capacitor 1240.

[0341] The conductive layer 1241 is provided over the insulating layer 1261 and is buried in the insulating layer 1254. The conductive layer 1241 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 1310 by a plug 1271 buried in the insulating layer 1261. The insulating layer 1243 is provided to cover the conductive layer 1241. The conductive layer 1245 is provided in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 1241 with the insulating layer 1243 interposed therebetween.

[0342] An insulating layer 1255a is provided covering the capacitor 1240, an insulating layer 1255b is provided on the insulating layer 1255a, and the light-emitting elements 110R and 110G, the light-receiving element 110S, and the like are provided on the insulating layer 1255b. In this embodiment, the light-emitting elements 110R and 110G and the light-receiving element 110S have the layered structure shown in FIG. 2C. However, as in FIG. 2B, the edge of the pixel electrode 111 roughly coincides with the edge of the organic layer 112 or the edge of the organic layer 155. The side surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, and 111S, the organic layers 112R and 112G, and the organic layer 155 are covered with the insulating layer 125 and the resin layer 126, respectively. An organic layer 114 is provided on the organic layers 112R and 112G, the organic layer 155, the insulating layer 125, and the resin layer 126, and a common electrode 113 is provided on the organic layer 114. In addition, a protective layer 121 is provided on the light-emitting elements 110R and 110G and the light-receiving element 110S. Colored layers 129R and 129G are provided on the protective layer 121. A substrate 102 is bonded to the colored layers 129R and 129G by a resin layer 122. For details of the components from the light-emitting device to the substrate 102, refer to Embodiment 1. The substrate 102 corresponds to the substrate 1292 in FIG. 20A .

[0343] The insulating layers 1255a and 1255b can be formed using various inorganic insulating films such as an insulating oxide film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, and a nitride oxide insulating film. The insulating layer 1255a is preferably formed using an oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or an aluminum oxide film. The insulating layer 1255b is preferably formed using a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film. More specifically, the insulating layer 1255a is preferably formed using a silicon oxide film, and the insulating layer 1255b is preferably formed using a silicon nitride film. The insulating layer 1255b preferably functions as an etching protective film. Alternatively, the insulating layer 1255a may be formed using a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film, and the insulating layer 1255b may be formed using an oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film. Although this embodiment shows an example in which a recess is provided in the insulating layer 1255b, the insulating layer 1255b does not necessarily have a recess.

[0344] The pixel electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 1310 via a plug 1256 embedded in insulating layers 1255a and 1255b, a conductive layer 1241 embedded in insulating layer 1254, and a plug 1271 embedded in insulating layer 1261. The height of the top surface of insulating layer 1255b and the height of the top surface of plug 1256 are the same or approximately the same. Various conductive materials can be used for the plug.

[0345] [Display device 100D] 22 differs from the display device 100C mainly in the configuration of the transistors, and a description of the same parts as those of the display device 100C may be omitted.

[0346] The transistor 1320 is a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is used for a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.

[0347] The transistor 1320 includes a semiconductor layer 1321 , an insulating layer 1323 , a conductive layer 1324 , a pair of conductive layers 1325 , an insulating layer 1326 , and a conductive layer 1327 .

[0348] 20A and 20B. The layered structure from the substrate 1331 to the insulating layer 1255b corresponds to the substrate 101. The substrate 1331 can be an insulating substrate or a semiconductor substrate.

[0349] An insulating layer 1332 is provided over a substrate 1331. The insulating layer 1332 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 1331 to the transistor 1320 and prevents oxygen from being released from the semiconductor layer 1321 toward the insulating layer 1332. The insulating layer 1332 can be, for example, a film through which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than a silicon oxide film, such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film.

[0350] A conductive layer 1327 is provided over the insulating layer 1332, and an insulating layer 1326 is provided to cover the conductive layer 1327. The conductive layer 1327 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 1320, and part of the insulating layer 1326 functions as a first gate insulating layer. An oxide insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is preferably used for at least a portion of the insulating layer 1326 that is in contact with the semiconductor layer 1321. The top surface of the insulating layer 1326 is preferably planarized.

[0351] The semiconductor layer 1321 is provided over the insulating layer 1326. The semiconductor layer 1321 preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) film having semiconductor characteristics. Materials that can be suitably used for the semiconductor layer 1321 will be described in detail later.

[0352] A pair of conductive layers 1325 is provided over and in contact with the semiconductor layer 1321 and functions as a source electrode and a drain electrode.

[0353] An insulating layer 1328 is provided to cover top surfaces and side surfaces of the pair of conductive layers 1325 and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 1321, and an insulating layer 1264 is provided over the insulating layer 1328. The insulating layer 1328 functions as a barrier layer to prevent impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the insulating layer 1264 or the like to the semiconductor layer 1321 and to prevent oxygen from being released from the semiconductor layer 1321. The insulating layer 1328 can be formed using an insulating film similar to that of the insulating layer 1332.

[0354] An opening reaching the semiconductor layer 1321 is provided in the insulating layer 1328 and the insulating layer 1264. An insulating layer 1323 and a conductive layer 1324 are buried in the opening and are in contact with side surfaces of the insulating layer 1264, the insulating layer 1328, and the conductive layer 1325 and an upper surface of the semiconductor layer 1321. The conductive layer 1324 functions as a second gate electrode, and the insulating layer 1323 functions as a second gate insulating layer.

[0355] The top surfaces of the conductive layer 1324, the insulating layer 1323, and the insulating layer 1264 are planarized to be flush or approximately flush with each other, and insulating layers 1329 and 1265 are provided to cover them.

[0356] The insulating layers 1264 and 1265 function as interlayer insulating layers. The insulating layer 1329 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the insulating layer 1265 or the like to the transistor 1320. The insulating layer 1329 can be formed using an insulating film similar to the insulating layers 1328 and 1332.

[0357] A plug 1274 electrically connected to one of the pair of conductive layers 1325 is provided to be embedded in the insulating layer 1265, the insulating layer 1329, and the insulating layer 1264. Here, the plug 1274 preferably includes a conductive layer 1274a covering side surfaces of the openings of the insulating layer 1265, the insulating layer 1329, the insulating layer 1264, and the insulating layer 1328 and part of the top surface of the conductive layer 1325, and a conductive layer 1274b in contact with the top surface of the conductive layer 1274a. In this case, the conductive layer 1274a is preferably made of a conductive material through which hydrogen and oxygen do not easily diffuse.

[0358] In the display device 100D, the configuration from the insulating layer 1254 to the substrate 102 is the same as that of the display device 100C.

[0359] [Display device 100E] 23 has a stacked structure of a transistor 1310 in which a channel is formed in a substrate 1301 and a transistor 1320 in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed contains a metal oxide. Note that descriptions of parts that are the same as those of the display devices 100C and 100D may be omitted.

[0360] An insulating layer 1261 is provided to cover the transistor 1310, and a conductive layer 1251 is provided over the insulating layer 1261. An insulating layer 1262 is provided to cover the conductive layer 1251, and a conductive layer 1252 is provided over the insulating layer 1262. The conductive layers 1251 and 1252 each function as wirings. An insulating layer 1263 and an insulating layer 1332 are provided to cover the conductive layer 1252, and a transistor 1320 is provided over the insulating layer 1332. An insulating layer 1265 is provided to cover the transistor 1320, and a capacitor 1240 is provided over the insulating layer 1265. The capacitor 1240 and the transistor 1320 are electrically connected by a plug 1274.

[0361] The transistor 1320 can be used as a transistor included in a pixel circuit. The transistor 1310 can be used as a transistor included in a pixel circuit or a driver circuit (gate line driver circuit, source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit. The transistors 1310 and 1320 can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit or a memory circuit.

[0362] By using this configuration, not only pixel circuits but also driving circuits etc. can be formed directly below the light-emitting device, making it possible to make the display device smaller than when driving circuits are provided around the periphery of the display area.

[0363] [Display device 100F] A display device 100F shown in FIG. 24 has a stacked structure of a transistor 1310A and a transistor 1310B, each of which has a channel formed in a semiconductor substrate.

[0364] The display device 100F has a configuration in which a substrate 1301B on which a transistor 1310B, a capacitor 1240, and each light-emitting device are provided and a substrate 1301A on which a transistor 1310A is provided are bonded together.

[0365] Here, it is preferable to provide an insulating layer 1345 on the lower surface of the substrate 1301B. It is also preferable to provide an insulating layer 1346 on the insulating layer 1261 provided on the substrate 1301A. The insulating layers 1345 and 1346 are insulating layers that function as protective layers and can suppress the diffusion of impurities into the substrates 1301B and 1301A. The insulating layers 1345 and 1346 can be made of an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 121 or the insulating layer 1332.

[0366] The substrate 1301B is provided with a plug 1343 that penetrates the substrate 1301B and an insulating layer 1345. Here, it is preferable to provide an insulating layer 1344 to cover the side surface of the plug 1343. The insulating layer 1344 is an insulating layer that functions as a protective layer and can suppress the diffusion of impurities into the substrate 1301B. The insulating layer 1344 can be an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 121 or the insulating layer 1332.

[0367] Furthermore, a conductive layer 1342 is provided on the back surface (surface opposite to the substrate 102 side) of the substrate 1301B, below the insulating layer 1345. The conductive layer 1342 is preferably provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layer 1335. Furthermore, the lower surfaces of the conductive layer 1342 and the insulating layer 1335 are preferably flattened. Here, the conductive layer 1342 is electrically connected to the plug 1343.

[0368] On the other hand, in the substrate 1301A, a conductive layer 1341 is provided on an insulating layer 1346. The conductive layer 1341 is preferably provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layer 1336. In addition, the top surfaces of the conductive layer 1341 and the insulating layer 1336 are preferably flattened.

[0369] The substrate 1301A and the substrate 1301B are electrically connected by bonding the conductive layer 1341 and the conductive layer 1342. Here, by improving the flatness of the surface formed by the conductive layer 1342 and the insulating layer 1335 and the surface formed by the conductive layer 1341 and the insulating layer 1336, the conductive layer 1341 and the conductive layer 1342 can be bonded well.

[0370] It is preferable to use the same conductive material for conductive layer 1341 and conductive layer 1342. For example, a metal film containing an element selected from Al, Cr, Cu, Ta, Ti, Mo, and W, or a metal nitride film containing the above elements (titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film), etc., can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use copper for conductive layer 1341 and conductive layer 1342. This allows the use of Cu-Cu (copper-copper) direct bonding technology (technology that achieves electrical conductivity by connecting Cu (copper) pads together).

[0371] [Display device 100G] 24 shows an example in which Cu-Cu direct bonding technology is used to bond conductive layer 1341 and conductive layer 1342, but the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 25, in display device 100G, conductive layer 1341 and conductive layer 1342 may be bonded via bump 1347.

[0372] 25, by providing a bump 1347 between the conductive layer 1341 and the conductive layer 1342, the conductive layer 1341 and the conductive layer 1342 can be electrically connected. The bump 1347 can be formed using a conductive material containing, for example, gold (Au), nickel (Ni), indium (In), tin (Sn), or the like. Alternatively, for example, solder may be used as the bump 1347. An adhesive layer 1348 may be provided between the insulating layer 1345 and the insulating layer 1346. When the bump 1347 is provided, the insulating layer 1335 and the insulating layer 1336 may not be provided.

[0373] This embodiment mode can be combined with other embodiment modes as appropriate.

[0374] (Fourth embodiment) In this embodiment, a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0375] A display device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a light-receiving element (also referred to as a light-receiving device) and a light-emitting element (also referred to as a light-emitting device).

[0376] First, a display device having a light receiving element and a light emitting element will be described.

[0377] A display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a light-receiving element and a light-emitting element in a light-receiving and light-emitting portion. In the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting and receiving portion includes light-emitting elements arranged in a matrix, and an image can be displayed in the light-receiving and light-emitting portion. The light-receiving and light-emitting portion also includes light-receiving elements arranged in a matrix, and the light-receiving and light-emitting portion has one or both of an imaging function and a sensing function. The light-receiving and light-emitting portion can be used as an image sensor, a touch sensor, or the like. That is, by detecting light in the light-receiving and light-emitting portion, an image can be captured and a touch operation of an object (such as a finger or a pen) can be detected. Furthermore, in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting element can be used as a light source for a sensor. Therefore, a light-receiving portion and a light source do not need to be provided separately from the display device, and the number of components in an electronic device can be reduced.

[0378] In the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, when light emitted by a light-emitting element included in the light-emitting and receiving portion and transmitted through a colored layer is reflected (or scattered) by an object, the light-receiving element can detect the reflected light (or scattered light); therefore, imaging, detection of touch operations, and the like are possible even in dark places.

[0379] The light-emitting element included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention functions as a display element (also referred to as a display device).

[0380] As the light-emitting element, it is preferable to use a light-emitting element (also called a light-emitting device) such as an OLED or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode). Examples of light-emitting materials contained in EL elements include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, inorganic compounds (such as quantum dot materials), and materials that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials). LEDs such as micro LEDs can also be used as the light-emitting element.

[0381] A display device according to one embodiment of the present invention has a function of detecting light using a light-receiving element.

[0382] When the light receiving element is used as an image sensor, the display device can capture an image using the light receiving element, for example, the display device can be used as a scanner.

[0383] An electronic device to which the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is applied can acquire data related to biometric information such as a fingerprint or palm print by using a function as an image sensor. That is, a biometric authentication sensor can be built into the display device. The built-in biometric authentication sensor in the display device reduces the number of components in the electronic device compared to a case in which a biometric authentication sensor is provided separately from the display device, and the electronic device can be made smaller and lighter.

[0384] Furthermore, when the light receiving element is used as a touch sensor, the display device can detect a touch operation of an object using the light receiving element.

[0385] The light receiving element can be, for example, a pn-type or pin-type photodiode. The light receiving element functions as a photoelectric conversion element (also called a photoelectric conversion device) that detects light incident on the light receiving element and generates electric charge. The amount of electric charge generated by the light receiving element is determined based on the amount of light incident on the light receiving element.

[0386] In particular, it is preferable to use an organic photodiode having a layer containing an organic compound as the light-receiving element. Organic photodiodes can be easily made thin, lightweight, and large in area, and have a high degree of freedom in shape and design, making them applicable to a variety of devices.

[0387] In one embodiment of the present invention, an organic EL element (also referred to as an organic EL device) is used as a light-emitting element, and an organic photodiode is used as a light-receiving element. The organic EL element and the organic photodiode can be formed on the same substrate. Therefore, the organic photodiode can be built into a display device using the organic EL element.

[0388] Since organic photodiodes have many layers that can be configured in common with organic EL elements, the layers that can be configured in common can be formed together to prevent an increase in the number of film formation steps. For example, one of a pair of electrodes (a common electrode) can be a layer common to the light-receiving element and the light-emitting element. Also, for example, at least one of the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and electron injection layer can be a layer common to the light-receiving element and the light-emitting element.

[0389] A display device, which is an example of a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention, will be described in more detail below with reference to drawings.

[0390] [Example of display device configuration] 26A is a schematic diagram of a display panel 200. The display panel 200 includes a substrate 201, a substrate 202, a light receiving element 212, a light emitting element 211R, a light emitting element 211G, a light emitting element 211B, a functional layer 203, and the like.

[0391] The light-emitting element 211R, the light-emitting element 211G, the light-emitting element 211B, and the light-receiving element 212 are provided between the substrate 201 and the substrate 202. The light emitted from the light-emitting element 211R, the light-emitting element 211G, and the light-emitting element 211B passes through different colored layers, and becomes red (R), green (G), or blue (B) light. Note that hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the light-emitting element 211R, the light-emitting element 211G, and the light-emitting element 211B, they may be referred to as the light-emitting element 211.

[0392] The display panel 200 has a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix. Each pixel has one or more sub-pixels. Each sub-pixel has one light-emitting element. For example, a pixel may have three sub-pixels (e.g., three colors of R, G, and B, or three colors of yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M)), or four sub-pixels (e.g., four colors of R, G, B, and white (W), or four colors of R, G, B, and Y). Each pixel also has a light-receiving element 212. The light-receiving element 212 may be provided in all pixels or in some of the pixels. Alternatively, one pixel may have multiple light-receiving elements 212.

[0393] 26A shows a state in which finger 220 touches the surface of substrate 202. Part of the light emitted by light-emitting element 211G passes through the colored layer and is reflected at the contact point between substrate 202 and finger 220. Part of the reflected light is then incident on light-receiving element 212, making it possible to detect that finger 220 has touched substrate 202. In other words, display panel 200 can function as a touch panel.

[0394] The functional layer 203 has a circuit for driving the light-emitting element 211R, the light-emitting element 211G, and the light-emitting element 211B, and a circuit for driving the light-receiving element 212. The functional layer 203 is provided with switches, transistors, capacitors, wiring, and the like. Note that when the light-emitting element 211R, the light-emitting element 211G, the light-emitting element 211B, and the light-receiving element 212 are driven by a passive matrix method, a configuration without switches, transistors, and the like may be adopted.

[0395] It is preferable that the display panel 200 has a function of detecting the fingerprint of a finger 220. Fig. 26B is a schematic enlarged view of a contact portion when a finger 220 is touching the substrate 202. Fig. 26B also shows light emitting elements 211 and light receiving elements 212 arranged alternately.

[0396] A fingerprint is formed by concave and convex portions of finger 220. Therefore, the convex portions of the fingerprint are in contact with substrate 202 as shown in FIG.

[0397] Light reflected from a surface, interface, etc. can be classified as specular reflection or diffuse reflection. Specular reflection is highly directional light, in which the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are the same, while diffuse reflection is low-directional light, in which the intensity is less dependent on the angle. The diffuse reflection component is dominant in the light reflected from the surface of the finger 220. On the other hand, the specular reflection component is dominant in the light reflected from the interface between the substrate 202 and the atmosphere.

[0398] The intensity of light reflected by the contact or non-contact surface between finger 220 and substrate 202 and incident on light receiving element 212 located directly below them is the sum of specularly reflected light and diffusely reflected light. As described above, at the concave portions of finger 220, substrate 202 and finger 220 do not come into contact, so specularly reflected light (indicated by solid arrows) is dominant, whereas at the convex portions, they come into contact, so diffusely reflected light (indicated by dashed arrows) from finger 220 is dominant. Therefore, the intensity of light received by light receiving element 212 located directly below the concave portions is higher than that of light receiving element 212 located directly below the convex portions. This makes it possible to capture an image of the fingerprint of finger 220.

[0399] A clear fingerprint image can be obtained by arranging the light receiving elements 212 at an interval smaller than the distance between two convex portions of a fingerprint, preferably the distance between adjacent concave and convex portions. Since the distance between concave and convex portions of a human fingerprint is approximately 200 μm, for example, the interval between the light receiving elements 212 is 400 μm or less, preferably 200 μm or less, more preferably 150 μm or less, even more preferably 100 μm or less, and even more preferably 50 μm or less, and is 1 μm or more, preferably 10 μm or more, and more preferably 20 μm or more.

[0400] Fig. 26C shows an example of a fingerprint image captured by display panel 200. In Fig. 26C, the outline of finger 220 is indicated by a dashed line and the outline of contact portion 221 is indicated by a dashed line within imaging range 223. Within contact portion 221, a fingerprint 222 with high contrast can be captured due to differences in the amount of light incident on light receiving element 212.

[0401] The display panel 200 can also function as a touch panel or a pen tablet. Fig. 26D shows a state in which the tip of a stylus 225 is in contact with the substrate 202 and is slid in the direction of the dashed arrow.

[0402] As shown in Figure 26D, the diffuse reflected light scattered by the tip of stylus 225 and the contact surface of substrate 202 is incident on light receiving element 212 located at the part overlapping with the contact surface, thereby enabling the position of the tip of stylus 225 to be detected with high accuracy.

[0403] 26E shows an example of a trajectory 226 of the stylus 225 detected by the display panel 200. The display panel 200 is capable of detecting the position of a detectable object such as the stylus 225 with high positional accuracy, and therefore is also capable of performing high-resolution drawing in drawing applications and the like. Furthermore, unlike when a capacitance-type touch sensor, an electromagnetic induction-type touch pen, or the like is used, the position of even a highly insulating detectable object can be detected, and therefore the material of the tip of the stylus 225 is not a factor, and various writing implements (for example, a brush, a glass pen, a feather pen, etc.) can be used.

[0404] 26F to 26H show an example of a pixel that can be applied to the display panel 200. FIG.

[0405] 26F and 26G each have a light-emitting element 211R corresponding to a red (R) sub-pixel, a light-emitting element 211G corresponding to a green (G) sub-pixel, a light-emitting element 211B corresponding to a blue (B) sub-pixel, and a light-receiving element 212. The pixel has a pixel circuit for driving the light-emitting element 211R, the light-emitting element 211G, the light-emitting element 211B, and the light-receiving element 212, respectively.

[0406] Fig. 26F shows an example in which three light-emitting elements and one light-receiving element are arranged in a 2 x 2 matrix. Fig. 26G shows an example in which three light-emitting elements are arranged in a row, and one horizontally elongated light-receiving element 212 is arranged below them.

[0407] 26H is an example of a pixel having a white (W) light-emitting element 211W. Here, four light-emitting elements are arranged in a row, and a light-receiving element 212 is arranged below them.

[0408] The pixel configuration is not limited to the above, and various arrangement methods can be adopted.

[0409] This embodiment mode can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiment modes described in this specification.

[0410] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, structural examples of a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element that can be applied to a display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0411] 27A and 27B includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 550W that emit white light. A coloring layer 545R that transmits red light, a coloring layer 545G that transmits green light, or a coloring layer 545B that transmits blue light is provided on each light-emitting element 550W. Here, the coloring layer 545R, the coloring layer 545G, and the coloring layer 545B can be provided so as to overlap the light-emitting element 550W with the protective layer 540 interposed therebetween.

[0412] 27A has a light-emitting unit 512W between a pair of electrodes (electrode 501 and electrode 502). The electrode 501 functions as a pixel electrode and is provided for each light-emitting element. The electrode 502 functions as a common electrode and is provided in common to multiple light-emitting elements.

[0413] That is, the light-emitting element 550W shown in Fig. 27A is a light-emitting element having one light-emitting unit. Note that a configuration having one light-emitting unit between a pair of electrodes, such as the light-emitting element 550W shown in Fig. 27A, is referred to as a single structure in this specification.

[0414] A conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode 502 on the side from which light is extracted, and a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode 501 on the side from which light is not extracted.

[0415] The light-emitting element included in the display device of this embodiment preferably has a micro-optical resonator (microcavity) structure. Therefore, one of a pair of electrodes included in the light-emitting element preferably has an electrode that is transparent and reflective to visible light (semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode), and the other preferably has an electrode that is reflective to visible light (reflective electrode). When the light-emitting element has a microcavity structure, light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, thereby intensifying the light emitted from the light-emitting element.

[0416] The semi-transmitting / semi-reflective electrode can have a laminated structure of a reflective electrode and an electrode that is transparent to visible light (also called a transparent electrode).

[0417] The light transmittance of the transparent electrode is 40% or more. For example, it is preferable to use an electrode with a visible light (light with a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 750 nm) transmittance of 40% or more for the light emitting element. The visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less. The visible light reflectance of the reflective electrode is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less. In addition, the resistivity of these electrodes is 1×10 -2 When the light-emitting element emits near-infrared light (light with a wavelength of 750 nm or more and 1300 nm or less), the transmittance or reflectance of these electrodes for near-infrared light preferably satisfies the above-mentioned numerical range, similar to the transmittance or reflectance for visible light.

[0418] The light-emitting units 512W shown in FIG. 27A can be formed as island-shaped layers. That is, the light-emitting units 512W shown in FIG. 27A correspond to the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, or the organic layer 112B shown in FIG. 1B, etc. The light-emitting element 550W corresponds to the light-emitting element 110R, the light-emitting element 110G, or the light-emitting element 110B. The electrode 501 corresponds to the pixel electrode 111R, the pixel electrode 111G, or the pixel electrode 111B. The electrode 502 corresponds to the common electrode 113.

[0419] The light-emitting unit 512W includes a layer 521, a layer 522, a light-emitting layer 523Q_1, a light-emitting layer 523Q_2, a light-emitting layer 523Q_3, a layer 524, etc. The light-emitting element 550W includes a layer 525 between the light-emitting unit 512W and the electrode 502, etc.

[0420] FIG. 27A shows an example in which the light-emitting unit 512W does not have the layer 525, and the layer 525 is provided in common to each light-emitting element. In this case, the layer 525 can be called a common layer. By providing one or more common layers to multiple light-emitting elements in this way, the manufacturing process can be simplified, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. Note that the layer 525 may be provided for each light-emitting element. In other words, the layer 525 may be included in the light-emitting unit 512W.

[0421] The layer 521 includes, for example, a layer containing a substance with a high hole-injection property (hole-injection layer). The layer 522 includes, for example, a layer containing a substance with a high hole-transport property (hole-transport layer). The layer 524 includes, for example, a layer containing a substance with a high electron-transport property (electron-transport layer). The layer 525 includes, for example, a layer containing a substance with a high electron-injection property (electron-injection layer). Note that a structure in which the layer 521 includes the electron-injection layer, the layer 522 includes the electron-transport layer, the layer 524 includes the hole-transport layer, and the layer 525 includes the hole-injection layer may be used.

[0422] The hole injection layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode into the hole transport layer and contains a material with high hole injection properties, such as an aromatic amine compound and a composite material containing a hole transport material and an acceptor material (electron acceptor material).

[0423] In the light-emitting element, the hole transport layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode by the hole injection layer to the light-emitting layer. The hole transport layer is a layer that contains a hole transport material. The hole transport material is a material having a concentration of 1×10 -6 cm 2 A material having a hole mobility of 1 / Vs or more is preferred. Note that other materials can also be used as long as they have a higher hole transporting property than electron transporting property. As the hole transporting material, a material having a high hole transporting property, such as a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic compound (e.g., a carbazole derivative, a thiophene derivative, a furan derivative, etc.) or an aromatic amine (a compound having an aromatic amine skeleton), is preferred.

[0424] In the light-emitting element, the electron transport layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode by the electron injection layer to the light-emitting layer. The electron transport layer is a layer that contains an electron transporting material. The electron transporting material is a material having a molecular weight of 1×10 -6 cm 2 A substance having an electron mobility of 1 / Vs or more is preferred. Note that other substances can also be used as long as they have a higher electron transporting property than holes. Examples of electron-transporting materials that can be used include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, and metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, as well as oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives having a quinoline ligand, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and other π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic compounds including nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds.

[0425] The electron transport layer may have a laminated structure, and may have a hole blocking layer in contact with the light-emitting layer for blocking holes that pass through the light-emitting layer from the anode side to the cathode side.

[0426] The electron injection layer is a layer that injects electrons from the cathode to the electron transport layer and contains a material with high electron injection properties. Examples of the material with high electron injection properties include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and compounds thereof. Examples of the material with high electron injection properties include a composite material containing an electron transport material and a donor material (electron donor material).

[0427] The electron injection layer may be formed of, for example, lithium, cesium, ytterbium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF x , where X is an arbitrary number), 8-(quinolinolato)lithium (abbreviation: Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenolatolithium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatolithium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)phenolatolithium (abbreviation: LiPPP), lithium oxide (LiO x The electron injection layer may be formed of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, such as cesium carbonate, or a compound thereof. The electron injection layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers. For example, the stacked structure may have a structure in which lithium fluoride is used in the first layer and ytterbium is provided in the second layer.

[0428] Alternatively, an electron transporting material may be used for the electron injection layer. For example, a compound having an unshared electron pair and an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring may be used as the electron transporting material. Specifically, a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, a diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and a triazine ring may be used.

[0429] The organic compound having an unshared electron pair preferably has a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of -3.6 eV to -2.3 eV. Generally, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and the LUMO level of an organic compound can be estimated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), photoelectron spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, inverse photoelectron spectroscopy, or the like.

[0430] Examples of organic compounds with lone electron pairs include 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviated as BPhen), 2,9-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviated as NBPhen), diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (abbreviated as HATNA), and 2,4,6-tris[3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviated as TmPPPyTz). NBPhen has a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and better heat resistance than BPhen.

[0431] 27A, the layer 521 and the layer 522 are shown separately, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, when the layer 521 has a function as both a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, or when the layer 521 has a function as both an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer, the layer 522 may be omitted.

[0432] The light-emitting layer 523Q_1, the light-emitting layer 523Q_2, and the light-emitting layer 523Q_3 are layers containing a light-emitting substance. The light-emitting layer can contain one or more types of light-emitting substances. As the light-emitting substance, a substance that emits light of a color such as blue, purple, blue-purple, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, or red is appropriately used. Furthermore, a substance that emits near-infrared light can also be used as the light-emitting substance.

[0433] Examples of light-emitting materials include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, TADF materials, and quantum dot materials.

[0434] Examples of fluorescent materials include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives.

[0435] Examples of phosphorescent materials include organometallic complexes (particularly iridium complexes) having a 4H-triazole skeleton, a 1H-triazole skeleton, an imidazole skeleton, a pyrimidine skeleton, a pyrazine skeleton, or a pyridine skeleton; organometallic complexes (particularly iridium complexes) having a phenylpyridine derivative having an electron-withdrawing group as a ligand; platinum complexes; and rare earth metal complexes.

[0436] The light-emitting layer may contain one or more organic compounds (host materials, assist materials, etc.) in addition to a light-emitting substance (guest material). One or more organic compounds may be a hole-transporting material or an electron-transporting material, or both. Alternatively, a bipolar material or a TADF material may be used as the one or more organic compounds.

[0437] The light-emitting layer preferably contains, for example, a phosphorescent material and a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material that are a combination that easily forms an exciplex. This configuration allows for efficient emission using Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer (ExTET), which is energy transfer from the exciplex to the light-emitting material (phosphorescent material). By selecting a combination that forms an exciplex that emits light that overlaps with the wavelength of the lowest-energy absorption band of the light-emitting material, the energy transfer becomes smooth, allowing for efficient emission. This configuration simultaneously enables high efficiency, low-voltage operation, and long life of the light-emitting device.

[0438] As a combination of materials that form an exciplex, it is preferable that the HOMO level (highest occupied molecular orbital level) of the hole transporting material is equal to or higher than the HOMO level of the electron transporting material. It is also preferable that the LUMO level (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level) of the hole transporting material is equal to or higher than the LUMO level of the electron transporting material. The LUMO level and HOMO level of the material can be derived from the electrochemical properties (reduction potential and oxidation potential) of the material measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV).

[0439] The formation of exciplexes can be confirmed, for example, by comparing the emission spectra of the hole-transporting material, the electron-transporting material, and the mixed film of these materials and observing the phenomenon that the emission spectrum of the mixed film is shifted to longer wavelengths than the emission spectra of each material (or has a new peak at longer wavelengths). Alternatively, it can be confirmed by comparing the transient photoluminescence (PL) of the hole-transporting material, the transient PL of the electron-transporting material, and the mixed film of these materials and observing differences in transient response, such as the transient PL lifetime of the mixed film having a longer-lived component or a larger proportion of delayed components than the transient PL lifetimes of the individual materials. The above-mentioned transient PL can also be interpreted as transient electroluminescence (EL). In other words, the formation of exciplexes can also be confirmed by comparing the transient EL of the hole-transporting material, the transient EL of the electron-transporting material, and the mixed film of these materials and observing differences in transient response.

[0440] 27A, by selecting light-emitting layers that produce white light when the light emissions from the light-emitting layers 523Q_1, 523Q_2, and 523Q_3 are added together, white light can be emitted from the light-emitting element 550W. Note that, although an example is shown here in which the light-emitting unit 512W has three light-emitting layers, the number of light-emitting layers is not limited, and may be, for example, two.

[0441] By providing a coloring layer 545R, a coloring layer 545G, or a coloring layer 545B on such a light-emitting element 550W capable of emitting white light, red light, green light, or blue light can be emitted for each pixel, thereby achieving a full-color display. While FIG. 27A and other figures illustrate an example in which a coloring layer 545R that transmits red light, a coloring layer 545G that transmits green light, and a coloring layer 545B that transmits blue light are provided, the present invention is not limited to this. The visible light of at least two or more different colors transmitted by the coloring layers may be visible light of at least two or more different colors, and may be appropriately selected from, for example, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, or yellow.

[0442] Therefore, even if the layers 521, 522, 524, 525, the light-emitting layers 523Q_1, 523Q_2, and 523Q_3 have the same structure (material, film thickness, etc.) in each pixel, full-color display can be achieved by providing colored layers as appropriate. Therefore, the display device according to one embodiment of the present invention does not require a separate light-emitting element for each pixel, which simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces manufacturing costs. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. One or more of the layers 521, 522, 524, 525, the light-emitting layers 523Q_1, 523Q_2, and 523Q_3 may have different structures depending on the pixel.

[0443] A light-emitting element 550W shown in FIG. 27B has a configuration in which two light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 512Q_1 and light-emitting unit 512Q_2) are stacked between a pair of electrodes (electrode 501 and electrode 502) with an intermediate layer 531 interposed therebetween.

[0444] Furthermore, the intermediate layer 531 has a function of injecting electrons into one of the light-emitting unit 512Q_1 and the light-emitting unit 512Q_2 and injecting holes into the other when a voltage is applied between the electrode 501 and the electrode 502. The intermediate layer 531 can also be called a charge generation layer.

[0445] For example, a material applicable to an electron injection layer, such as lithium fluoride, can be suitably used for the intermediate layer 531. For example, a material applicable to a hole injection layer can be suitably used for the intermediate layer. For example, a layer containing a material with high hole transport properties (hole transport material) and an acceptor material (electron acceptor material) can be used for the intermediate layer. For example, a layer containing a material with high electron transport properties (electron transport material) and a donor material can be used for the intermediate layer. By forming an intermediate layer having such a layer, an increase in driving voltage can be suppressed when light-emitting units are stacked.

[0446] The light-emitting unit 512Q_1 includes a layer 521, a layer 522, a light-emitting layer 523Q_1, a layer 524, etc. The light-emitting unit 512Q_2 includes a layer 522, a light-emitting layer 523Q_2, a layer 524, etc. The light-emitting element 550W includes a layer 525 and the like between the light-emitting unit 512Q_2 and the electrode 502. The layer 525 can also be considered as part of the light-emitting unit 512Q_2.

[0447] 27B, white light can be obtained from the light-emitting element 550W by selecting light-emitting layers 523Q_1 and 523Q_2 such that the light emitted from these layers has a complementary color relationship. The light-emitting layers 523Q_1 and 523Q_2 preferably contain a light-emitting material that emits light of R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), O (orange), or the like. Alternatively, the light emitted from the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layers 523Q_1 and 523Q_2 preferably contains spectral components of two or more of the colors R, G, and B.

[0448] Here, an example of a combination of emission colors of the light-emitting layers of each light-emitting unit that can be used in the light-emitting device 550W will be described.

[0449] For example, when the light-emitting element 550W has two light-emitting units, one light-emitting unit can emit red and green light, and the other light-emitting unit can emit blue light, thereby obtaining a light-emitting element 550W that emits white light. Alternatively, one light-emitting unit can emit yellow or orange light, and the other light-emitting unit can emit blue light, thereby obtaining a light-emitting element 550W that emits white light.

[0450] Furthermore, for example, when the light-emitting element 550W has three light-emitting units, a white-emitting light-emitting element 550W can be obtained by obtaining red light from one light-emitting unit, green light from another light-emitting unit, and blue light from the remaining light-emitting unit. Alternatively, a blue-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the first light-emitting unit, a yellow-emitting, yellow-green, or green-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the second light-emitting unit, and a blue-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the third light-emitting unit. Alternatively, a blue-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the first light-emitting unit, a stacked structure of a red-emitting light-emitting layer and a yellow-emitting, yellow-green, or green-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the second light-emitting unit, and a blue-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the third light-emitting unit.

[0451] Furthermore, for example, when the light-emitting element 550W has four light-emitting units, a blue-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the first light-emitting unit, a red-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for one of the second and third light-emitting units, a yellow-emitting, yellow-green-emitting, or green-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the other, and a blue-emitting light-emitting layer can be used for the fourth light-emitting unit.

[0452] A configuration in which multiple light-emitting units are connected in series via an intermediate layer 531, such as the light-emitting element 550W shown in FIG. 27B, is referred to as a tandem structure in this specification. Although the term "tandem structure" is used in this specification, the present invention is not limited to this, and the tandem structure may also be referred to as a stack structure, for example. The tandem structure allows a light-emitting element to emit light with high brightness. Furthermore, the tandem structure can reduce the current required to obtain the same brightness compared to a single structure, thereby reducing the power consumption of the display device and improving its reliability.

[0453] Although the light-emitting units 512Q_1 and 512Q_2 each have one light-emitting layer, the number of light-emitting layers in each light-emitting unit is not critical. For example, the light-emitting units 512Q_1 and 512Q_2 may have different numbers of light-emitting layers. For example, one light-emitting unit may have two light-emitting layers, and the other light-emitting unit may have one light-emitting layer.

[0454] The display device 500 shown in Fig. 28A is an example in which a light-emitting element 550W has a configuration in which three light-emitting units are stacked. In Fig. 28A, the light-emitting element 550W has a light-emitting unit 512Q_3 stacked on a light-emitting unit 512Q_2 with an intermediate layer 531 interposed therebetween. The light-emitting unit 512Q_3 has a layer 522, a light-emitting layer 523Q_3, a layer 524, etc. The light-emitting unit 512Q_3 can have a configuration similar to that of the light-emitting unit 512Q_2.

[0455] When a tandem structure is applied to the light emitting element, the number of light emitting units is not particularly limited, and can be two or more.

[0456] FIG. 28B shows an example in which n light emitting units 512Q_1 to 512Q_n (n is an integer of 2 or more) are stacked.

[0457] In this way, by increasing the number of stacked light-emitting units, the luminance obtained from the light-emitting element with the same amount of current can be increased in accordance with the number of stacked light-emitting units.Furthermore, by increasing the number of stacked light-emitting units, the current required to obtain the same luminance can be reduced, and therefore the power consumption of the light-emitting element can be reduced in accordance with the number of stacked light-emitting units.

[0458] Note that the light-emitting material of the light-emitting layer is not particularly limited in the display device 500. For example, in the display device 500 shown in Fig. 27B, the light-emitting layer 523Q_1 of the light-emitting unit 512Q_1 may include a phosphorescent material, and the light-emitting layer 523Q_2 of the light-emitting unit 512Q_2 may include a fluorescent material. Alternatively, the light-emitting layer 523Q_1 of the light-emitting unit 512Q_1 may include a fluorescent material, and the light-emitting layer 523Q_2 of the light-emitting unit 512Q_2 may include a phosphorescent material.

[0459] The configuration of the light-emitting units is not limited to the above. For example, in the display device 500 shown in FIG. 27B, the light-emitting layer 523Q_1 of the light-emitting unit 512Q_1 may include a TADF material, and the light-emitting layer 523Q_2 of the light-emitting unit 512Q_2 may include either a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. By using different light-emitting materials in this way, for example, by combining a highly reliable light-emitting material with a highly luminous efficiency light-emitting material, the drawbacks of each material can be compensated for, resulting in a display device with improved reliability and luminous efficiency.

[0460] Note that in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, all light-emitting layers may be formed using a fluorescent material, or all light-emitting layers may be formed using a phosphorescent material.

[0461] 29A to 29E show an example of the configuration of a light receiving element 550S that can be applied to a display device. Among the components shown in Fig. 29A to 29E, the same components as those shown in Fig. 27 or 28 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0462] 29A has a light receiving unit 555 between a pair of electrodes (electrode 501, electrode 502). The electrode 501 functions as a pixel electrode and is provided for each light receiving element. The electrode 502 functions as a common electrode and is provided in common to a plurality of light emitting elements and light receiving elements.

[0463] The light-receiving units 555 shown in Fig. 29A can be formed as island-shaped layers. That is, the light-receiving units 555 shown in Fig. 29A correspond to the organic layer 155 shown in Fig. 1B and other figures. The light-receiving elements 550S correspond to the light-receiving elements 110S. The electrode 501 corresponds to the pixel electrode 111S. The electrode 502 corresponds to the common electrode 113.

[0464] The light-receiving unit 555 includes a layer 521, a layer 522, an active layer 526, a layer 524, and the like. The layers 521, 522, and 524 are the same as those used in the light-emitting unit 512W. The light-receiving element 550S also includes a layer 525 and the like between the light-receiving unit 555 and the electrode 502. A protective layer 540 is provided on the electrode 502. Here, the layer 525, the electrode 502, and the protective layer 540 are films provided in common to the light-emitting element 550W and the light-receiving element 550S, as shown in FIG. 27A and the like.

[0465] The active layer 526 includes a semiconductor. Examples of the semiconductor include inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and organic semiconductors including organic compounds. In this embodiment, an example in which an organic semiconductor is used as the semiconductor included in the active layer 526 is shown. By using an organic semiconductor, the light-emitting layer and the active layer 526 can be formed by the same method (for example, vacuum deposition), which is preferable because it allows the use of a common manufacturing device.

[0466] For example, a pn-type or pin-type photodiode can be used as the active layer 526. Below are listed n-type and p-type semiconductor materials that can be used as the active layer 526. The n-type and p-type semiconductor materials may be stacked in layers or may be mixed together to form a single layer.

[0467] The n-type semiconductor material of the active layer 526 is fullerene (e.g., C 60 , C 70Examples of electron-accepting organic semiconductor materials include fullerene derivatives and other fullerenes. Fullerenes have a soccer ball-like shape, which is energetically stable. Fullerenes have deep (low) HOMO and LUMO levels. Because fullerenes have a deep LUMO level, they have extremely high electron-accepting (acceptor) properties. Normally, when the π-electron conjugation (resonance) spreads across a plane, as in benzene, the electron-donating (donor) properties increase, but fullerenes have a spherical shape, so they have high electron-accepting properties despite the wide spread π-electron conjugation. High electron-accepting properties allow charge separation to occur quickly and efficiently, making them useful as light-receiving elements. C 60 , C 70 Both have a wide absorption band in the visible light region, especially C 70 is C 60 It is preferable because it has a larger π-electron conjugated system and a broad absorption band in the long wavelength region compared to [6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (abbreviation: PC70BM), [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (abbreviation: PC60BM), and 1',1'',4',4''-Tetrahydro-di[1,4]methanonaphthaleno[1,2:2',3',56,60:2'',3''][5,6]fullerene-C60 (abbreviation: ICBA).

[0468] Furthermore, examples of n-type semiconductor materials include perylene tetracarboxylic acid derivatives such as N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: Me-PTCDI).

[0469] Furthermore, examples of n-type semiconductor materials include 2,2'-(5,5'-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methane-1-yl-1-ylidene)dimalononitrile (abbreviation: FT2TDMN).

[0470] Furthermore, examples of n-type semiconductor materials include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, rhodamine derivatives, triazine derivatives, and quinone derivatives.

[0471] Examples of the p-type semiconductor material of the active layer 526 include electron-donating organic semiconductor materials such as copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), tin phthalocyanine (SnPc), quinacridone, and rubrene.

[0472] Examples of p-type semiconductor materials include carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, and compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton. Examples of p-type semiconductor materials include naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, pyrrole derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, benzothiophene derivatives, indole derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, rubrene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, polyphenylenevinylene derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole derivatives, and polythiophene derivatives.

[0473] The HOMO level of the electron-donating organic semiconductor material is preferably shallower (higher) than the HOMO level of the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material, and the LUMO level of the electron-donating organic semiconductor material is preferably shallower (higher) than the LUMO level of the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material.

[0474] It is preferable to use a spherical fullerene as the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material and a planar organic semiconductor material as the electron-donating organic semiconductor material. Molecules with similar shapes tend to aggregate together, and when molecules of the same type aggregate, the energy levels of their molecular orbitals become close, which can improve carrier transport properties.

[0475] For example, the active layer 526 is preferably formed by co-evaporating an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor, or alternatively, the active layer 526 may be formed by laminating an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor.

[0476] The light-emitting element and the light-receiving element can be made of either a low-molecular-weight compound or a high-molecular-weight compound, and may contain an inorganic compound. The layers constituting the light-emitting element and the light-receiving element can be formed by a method such as vapor deposition (including vacuum vapor deposition), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or a coating method.

[0477] For example, polymer compounds such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT / PSS) and inorganic compounds such as molybdenum oxide and copper iodide (CuI) can be used as hole transporting or electron blocking materials. Furthermore, inorganic compounds such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and organic compounds such as polyethyleneimine ethoxylate (PEIE) can be used as electron transporting or hole blocking materials. The light-receiving device may have, for example, a mixed film of PEIE and ZnO.

[0478] Furthermore, a polymer compound such as Poly[[4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-1,3-diyl]]polymer (abbreviated as PBDB-T) or a PBDB-T derivative, which functions as a donor, can be used for the active layer 526. For example, a method of dispersing an acceptor material in PBDB-T or a PBDB-T derivative can be used.

[0479] Furthermore, three or more types of materials may be mixed in the active layer 526. For example, in order to expand the wavelength range, a third material may be mixed in addition to an n-type semiconductor material and a p-type semiconductor material. In this case, the third material may be a low-molecular-weight compound or a high-molecular-weight compound.

[0480] As shown in FIG. 29A, the light-receiving unit 555 can be stacked in the following order: layer 521 (hole injection layer), layer 522 (hole transport layer), active layer 526, layer 524 (electron transport layer), and layer 525 (electron injection layer). This is the same stacking order as that of the light-emitting unit 512W shown in FIG. 27A. In this case, in both the light-emitting element 550W and the light-receiving element 550S, the electrode 501 can function as an anode, and the electrode 502 can function as a cathode. That is, by applying a reverse bias between the electrode 501 and the electrode 502 and driving the light-receiving element 550S, the light incident on the light-receiving element 550S can be detected, an electric charge can be generated, and the electric charge can be extracted as a current.

[0481] However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a configuration in which the layer 521 has an electron injection layer, the layer 522 has an electron transport layer, the layer 524 has a hole transport layer, and the layer 525 has a hole injection layer may be used. In this case, in the light-receiving element 550S, the electrode 501 can function as a cathode, and the electrode 502 can function as an anode. As shown in the previous embodiment, in the present invention, the light-emitting element 550W and the light-receiving element 550S can be formed separately. Therefore, even if the light-emitting element 550W and the light-receiving element 550S have significantly different configurations, they can be manufactured relatively easily.

[0482] 29A, it is not necessary to provide all of the layers 521, 522, 524, and 525. For example, as shown in FIG. 29B, a configuration may be adopted in which the layer 521 having a hole injection layer is not provided and the layer 522 having a hole injection layer is in contact with the electrode 501. Note that, as shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B, it is preferable to provide at least one of the layer 522 having a hole transport layer and the layer 524 having an electron transport layer in contact with the active layer 526. This can prevent a leakage current from occurring between the electrode 501 and the electrode 502 in the light-receiving element 550S, which would otherwise reduce the imaging sensitivity.

[0483] Furthermore, it is also possible to have a configuration in which either layer 522 or layer 524 is not provided. For example, as shown in Figure 29C, a configuration in which active layer 526 is in contact with layer 525 may be used without providing layer 524 having an electron transport layer.

[0484] Furthermore, the light-receiving unit 555 may be configured with only the active layer 526. For example, as shown in Fig. 29D, the layer 522 having the hole transport layer may not be provided, and the active layer 526 may be configured to be in contact with the electrode 501.

[0485] Furthermore, when layer 525 is not a common layer but is provided for each light-emitting element, light-receiving element 550S may be configured without layer 525. For example, as shown in FIG. 29E, a configuration may be adopted in which active layer 526 is in contact with electrode 502 without providing layer 525 having an electron injection layer.

[0486] This embodiment mode can be combined with other embodiment modes as appropriate.

[0487] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, an example of a display device including a light-receiving device or the like according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0488] In the display device of this embodiment, a pixel may be configured to have multiple types of subpixels having light-emitting devices that emit different colors. For example, a pixel may be configured to have three types of subpixels. Examples of the three subpixels include subpixels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), or subpixels of yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M). Alternatively, a pixel may be configured to have four types of subpixels. Examples of the four subpixels include subpixels of R, G, B, and white (W), or subpixels of R, G, B, and Y.

[0489] There are no particular limitations on the arrangement of the sub-pixels, and various methods can be applied, including, for example, a stripe arrangement, an S-stripe arrangement, a matrix arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, and a pentile arrangement.

[0490] Examples of the top surface shape of the sub-pixel include polygons such as triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), and pentagons, as well as polygons with rounded corners, ellipses, circles, etc. The top surface shape of the sub-pixels here corresponds to the top surface shape of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting device.

[0491] In a display device having a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device in each pixel, the pixel has a light-receiving function, so that it is possible to detect contact or proximity of an object while displaying an image. For example, in addition to displaying an image using all of the sub-pixels of the display device, some of the sub-pixels can emit light as a light source and the remaining sub-pixels can display an image.

[0492] The pixel shown in FIGS. 30A, 30B, and 30C includes subpixels G, B, R, and PS.

[0493] A stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels shown in Fig. 30A, and a matrix arrangement is applied to the pixels shown in Fig. 30B.

[0494] The pixel arrangement shown in FIG. 30C has a configuration in which three subpixels (subpixel R, subpixel G, and subpixel S) are vertically arranged next to one subpixel (subpixel B).

[0495] The layout of the sub-pixels is not limited to the configurations shown in FIGS. 30A to 30C.

[0496] Subpixel R has a light-emitting device that emits red light. Subpixel G has a light-emitting device that emits green light. Subpixel B has a light-emitting device that emits blue light. Subpixel IR has a light-emitting device that emits infrared light. Subpixel PS has a light-receiving device. The wavelength of light detected by subpixel PS is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the light-receiving device of subpixel PS is sensitive to light emitted by the light-emitting device of subpixel R, subpixel G, subpixel B, or subpixel IR. For example, it is preferable to detect one or more of light in wavelength ranges such as blue, purple, blue-purple, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, and red, and light in the infrared wavelength range.

[0497] The light-receiving area of ​​the subpixel PS is smaller than the light-emitting area of ​​the other subpixels. The smaller the light-receiving area, the narrower the imaging range, which makes it possible to suppress blurring in the imaging results and improve resolution. Therefore, by using the subpixel PS, high-definition or high-resolution imaging can be performed. For example, the subpixel PS can be used to capture images for personal authentication using fingerprints, palm prints, irises, pulse patterns (including vein patterns and artery patterns), faces, etc.

[0498] The subpixel PS can also be used as a touch sensor (also called a direct touch sensor) or a near-touch sensor (also called a hover sensor, hover touch sensor, non-contact sensor, or touchless sensor). For example, it is preferable for the subpixel PS to detect infrared light, which enables touch detection even in dark places.

[0499] Here, a touch sensor or near-touch sensor can detect the proximity or contact of an object (such as a finger, hand, or pen). A touch sensor can detect an object when the display device and the object are in direct contact with each other. A near-touch sensor can detect an object even if the object does not touch the display device. For example, a configuration in which the display device can detect an object when the distance between the display device and the object is in the range of 0.1 mm to 300 mm, preferably 3 mm to 50 mm, is preferable. This configuration makes it possible to operate the display device without the object directly touching it, in other words, to operate the display device in a contactless (touchless) manner. This configuration reduces the risk of the display device becoming dirty or scratched, or makes it possible to operate the display device without the object directly touching dirt (e.g., dust, viruses, etc.) attached to the display device.

[0500] In order to capture high-resolution images, it is preferable that the sub-pixels PS be provided in all pixels of the display device. On the other hand, when used in a touch sensor or near-touch sensor, the sub-pixels PS do not require high accuracy compared to when capturing images of fingerprints, etc., so it is sufficient to provide the sub-pixels PS in only some of the pixels of the display device. By making the number of sub-pixels PS in the display device smaller than the number of sub-pixels R, etc., the detection speed can be increased.

[0501] FIG. 30D shows an example of a pixel circuit of a sub-pixel having a light-receiving device, and FIG. 30E shows an example of a pixel circuit of a sub-pixel having a light-emitting device.

[0502] 30D includes a light receiving device PD, a transistor M11, a transistor M12, a transistor M13, a transistor M14, and a capacitance element C2. Here, an example is shown in which a photodiode is used as the light receiving device PD.

[0503] The anode of the light-receiving device PD is electrically connected to the wiring V1, and the cathode is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor M11. The gate of the transistor M11 is electrically connected to the wiring TX, and the other of the source and drain is electrically connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2, one of the source and drain of the transistor M12, and the gate of the transistor M13. The gate of the transistor M12 is electrically connected to the wiring RES, and the other of the source and drain is electrically connected to the wiring V2. The source and drain of the transistor M13 is electrically connected to the wiring V3, and the other of the source and drain is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor M14. The gate of the transistor M14 is electrically connected to the wiring SE, and the other of the source and drain is electrically connected to the wiring OUT1.

[0504] A constant potential is supplied to the wiring V1, the wiring V2, and the wiring V3. When the light-receiving device PD is driven in a reverse bias, a potential higher than the potential of the wiring V1 is supplied to the wiring V2. The transistor M12 is controlled by a signal supplied to the wiring RES and has a function of resetting the potential of a node connected to the gate of the transistor M13 to the potential supplied to the wiring V2. The transistor M11 is controlled by a signal supplied to the wiring TX and has a function of controlling the timing at which the potential of the node changes depending on the current flowing through the light-receiving device PD. The transistor M13 functions as an amplifying transistor that outputs according to the potential of the node. The transistor M14 is controlled by a signal supplied to the wiring SE and functions as a selection transistor that reads out an output according to the potential of the node to an external circuit connected to the wiring OUT1.

[0505] 30E includes a light-emitting device EL, a transistor M15, a transistor M16, a transistor M17, and a capacitor C3. Here, a light-emitting diode is used as the light-emitting device EL. It is particularly preferable to use an organic EL element as the light-emitting device EL.

[0506] The transistor M15 has a gate electrically connected to a wiring VG, one of its source and drain electrically connected to a wiring VS, and the other of its source and drain electrically connected to one electrode of the capacitor C3 and the gate of the transistor M16. One of the source and drain of the transistor M16 is electrically connected to a wiring V4, and the other is electrically connected to the anode of the light-emitting device EL and one of the source and drain of the transistor M17. The transistor M17 has a gate electrically connected to a wiring MS, and the other of its source and drain electrically connected to a wiring OUT2. The cathode of the light-emitting device EL is electrically connected to a wiring V5.

[0507] A constant potential is supplied to the wiring V4 and the wiring V5. The anode side of the light-emitting device EL can be set to a high potential, and the cathode side can be set to a lower potential than the anode side. The transistor M15 is controlled by a signal supplied to the wiring VG and functions as a selection transistor for controlling the selection state of the pixel circuit PIX2. The transistor M16 also functions as a drive transistor that controls the current flowing through the light-emitting device EL depending on the potential supplied to its gate. When the transistor M15 is in a conductive state, the potential supplied to the wiring VS is supplied to the gate of the transistor M16, and the light emission brightness of the light-emitting device EL can be controlled depending on the potential. The transistor M17 is controlled by a signal supplied to the wiring MS and has the function of outputting the potential between the transistor M16 and the light-emitting device EL to the outside via the wiring OUT2.

[0508] Here, it is preferable that the transistors M11, M12, M13, and M14 included in the pixel circuit PIX1, and the transistors M15, M16, and M17 included in the pixel circuit PIX2 are transistors that use a metal oxide (oxide semiconductor) in the semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed.

[0509] A transistor using a metal oxide, which has a wider band gap and a lower carrier density than silicon, can achieve an extremely small off-state current. Therefore, the small off-state current allows charge stored in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor to be held for a long period of time. Therefore, it is preferable to use a transistor including an oxide semiconductor for the transistor M11, the transistor M12, and the transistor M15, which are connected in series with the capacitor C2 or the capacitor C3. Furthermore, by using a transistor including an oxide semiconductor for other transistors as well, manufacturing costs can be reduced.

[0510] For example, the off-state current of an OS transistor per 1 μm channel width at room temperature is 1 aA (1×10 -18 A) Below, 1zA(1×10 -21 A) or less, or 1yA (1 x 10 -24 A) or less. Note that the off-state current of a Si transistor per 1 μm of channel width at room temperature is 1 fA (1×10 -15 A) More than 1pA (1×10 -12 Therefore, it can be said that the off-state current of an OS transistor is about 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of a Si transistor.

[0511] Alternatively, the transistors M11 to M17 may be transistors in which silicon is used as a semiconductor in which a channel is formed. In particular, using silicon with high crystallinity, such as single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon, is preferable because high field-effect mobility can be achieved and higher-speed operation is possible.

[0512] Alternatively, a structure may be used in which at least one of the transistors M11 to M17 includes an oxide semiconductor and the remaining transistors include silicon.

[0513] Although the transistors are shown as n-channel transistors in FIGS. 30D and 30E, p-channel transistors can also be used.

[0514] The transistors of the pixel circuit PIX1 and the transistors of the pixel circuit PIX2 are preferably formed side by side on the same substrate. In particular, it is preferable that the transistors of the pixel circuit PIX1 and the transistors of the pixel circuit PIX2 are mixed and periodically arranged in one region.

[0515] It is also preferable to provide one or more layers having transistors and / or capacitors at positions overlapping the light-receiving device PD or the light-emitting device EL, thereby reducing the effective area occupied by each pixel circuit and realizing a high-definition light-receiving section or display section.

[0516] To increase the emission luminance of the light-emitting device EL included in the pixel circuit, it is necessary to increase the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting device EL. To achieve this, it is necessary to increase the source-drain voltage of the drive transistor included in the pixel circuit. Because OS transistors have a higher source-drain withstand voltage compared to Si transistors, a high voltage can be applied between the source and drain of an OS transistor. Therefore, by using an OS transistor as the drive transistor included in the pixel circuit, it is possible to increase the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting device and increase the emission luminance of the light-emitting device.

[0517] Furthermore, when the transistor operates in the saturation region, OS transistors can reduce the change in source-drain current relative to a change in gate-source voltage compared to Si transistors. Therefore, by using OS transistors as the drive transistors in pixel circuits, the current flowing between the source and drain can be precisely controlled by changing the gate-source voltage, thereby controlling the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting device. This allows for a wider range of gradations in the pixel circuit.

[0518] Furthermore, in terms of the saturation characteristics of the current that flows when the transistor operates in the saturation region, OS transistors can pass a more stable current (saturation current) than Si transistors, even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. Therefore, by using an OS transistor as a drive transistor, a stable current can be passed through a light-emitting device, for example, even when the current-voltage characteristics of a light-emitting device containing an EL material vary. In other words, when operating in the saturation region, the source-drain current of an OS transistor remains almost unchanged even when the source-drain voltage increases, thereby stabilizing the light-emitting brightness of the light-emitting device.

[0519] As described above, by using an OS transistor for the drive transistor included in the pixel circuit, it is possible to achieve "suppression of black floating," "increase in light emission brightness," "multiple gradations," and "suppression of variation in light-emitting devices."

[0520] Furthermore, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can vary its refresh rate. For example, the refresh rate can be adjusted (for example, within a range of 0.01 Hz to 240 Hz) depending on the content displayed on the display device, thereby reducing power consumption. Furthermore, driving that reduces the power consumption of the display device by driving it at a reduced refresh rate may be referred to as idling stop (IDS) driving.

[0521] The drive frequency of the touch sensor or near-touch sensor may be changed depending on the refresh rate. For example, if the refresh rate of the display device is 120 Hz, the drive frequency of the touch sensor or near-touch sensor may be configured to be higher than 120 Hz (typically 240 Hz). This configuration enables low power consumption and an increased response speed of the touch sensor or near-touch sensor.

[0522] This embodiment mode can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiment modes described in this specification.

[0523] (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment, a high-definition display device will be described.

[0524] [Display panel configuration example] Wearable electronic devices for VR, AR, and other applications can provide 3D images by using parallax. In this case, it is necessary to display an image for the right eye within the field of view of the right eye, and an image for the left eye within the field of view of the left eye. Here, the shape of the display unit of the display device may be a horizontally long rectangle, but pixels located outside the fields of view of the right and left eyes do not contribute to the display, so those pixels always display black.

[0525] Therefore, it is preferable to divide the display section of the display panel into two areas, one for the right eye and one for the left eye, and not place pixels in the outer area that does not contribute to display. This reduces the power consumption required to write pixels. Also, since the load on the source lines, gate lines, etc. is reduced, a high frame rate display becomes possible. This allows for smoother video display, enhancing the sense of realism.

[0526] Fig. 31A shows an example of the configuration of a display panel. In Fig. 31A, a display unit 702L for the left eye and a display unit 702R for the right eye are arranged inside a substrate 701. In addition to the display units 702L and 702R, a drive circuit, wiring, an IC, an FPC, and the like may also be arranged on the substrate 701.

[0527] The display unit 702L and the display unit 702R shown in FIG. 31A have a square top surface shape.

[0528] The top surface shape of display unit 702L and display unit 702R may also be another regular polygon. FIG. 31B shows an example of a regular hexagon, FIG. 31C shows an example of a regular octagon, FIG. 31D shows an example of a regular decagon, and FIG. 31E shows an example of a regular dodecagon. In this way, by using a polygon with an even number of corners, the shape of the display unit can be made symmetrical. Note that polygons that are not regular polygons may also be used. Also, regular polygons or polygons with rounded corners may be used.

[0529] Since the display unit is made up of pixels arranged in a matrix, the straight line portions of the outline of each display unit may not be straight lines in the strict sense, but may have stepped portions. In particular, straight line portions that are not parallel to the pixel arrangement direction will have a stepped top surface shape. However, since the user does not see the pixel shapes when viewing, even if the diagonal outline of the display unit is strictly stepped, it can be considered to be a straight line. Similarly, even if the curved portion of the outline of the display unit is strictly stepped, it can be considered to be a curve.

[0530] FIG. 31F shows an example in which the top surfaces of display units 702L and 702R are circular.

[0531] The top surface shape of the display units 702L and 702R may be asymmetrical, and may not be a regular polygon.

[0532] FIG. 31G shows an example in which the top surface shapes of display units 702L and 702R are asymmetrical octagons. FIG. 31H shows an example in which the top surface shapes of display units 702L and 702R are asymmetrical. Even when the top surfaces of display units 702L and 702R are asymmetrical, it is preferable that display units 702L and 702R be symmetrically positioned. This allows for a natural image to be displayed.

[0533] Although the above description has been given of a configuration in which the display section is divided into two, it may be formed as a continuous shape.

[0534] Fig. 31I shows an example in which two circular display units 702 in Fig. 31F are connected together, and Fig. 31J shows an example in which two regular octagonal display units 702 in Fig. 31C are connected together.

[0535] The above is a description of an example of the configuration of the display panel.

[0536] At least a part of the configuration examples exemplified in this embodiment and the corresponding drawings can be combined as appropriate with other configuration examples or drawings.

[0537] This embodiment mode can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiment modes described in this specification.

[0538] (Embodiment 8) In this embodiment, a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) that can be used for the OS transistor described in the above embodiment will be described.

[0539] The metal oxide used in the OS transistor preferably contains at least indium or zinc, and more preferably contains indium and zinc. For example, the metal oxide preferably contains indium, M (where M is one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin, silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt), and zinc. In particular, M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium, and tin, and more preferably gallium.

[0540] The metal oxide can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method such as an MOCVD method, or an ALD method.

[0541] Hereinafter, an oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) will be described as an example of a metal oxide. Note that an oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) may be referred to as an In-Ga-Zn oxide.

[0542] <Classification of crystal structures> Examples of the crystalline structure of oxide semiconductors include amorphous (including completely amorphous), c-axis-aligned crystalline (CAAC), nanocrystalline (nc), cloud-aligned composite (CAC), single crystal, and polycrystal.

[0543] The crystalline structure of a film or substrate can be evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. For example, it can be evaluated using an XRD spectrum obtained by GIXD (Grazing-Incidence XRD) measurement. The GIXD method is also called the thin film method or the Seemann-Bohlin method. In the following, the XRD spectrum obtained by GIXD measurement may be simply referred to as the XRD spectrum.

[0544] For example, in the case of a quartz glass substrate, the peak shape of the XRD spectrum is nearly symmetrical. On the other hand, in the case of an In-Ga-Zn oxide film having a crystalline structure, the peak shape of the XRD spectrum is asymmetrical. The asymmetrical peak shape of the XRD spectrum clearly indicates the presence of crystals in the film or substrate. In other words, if the peak shape of the XRD spectrum is not symmetrical, the film or substrate cannot be said to be in an amorphous state.

[0545] The crystalline structure of a film or substrate can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also called a nanobeam electron diffraction pattern) observed by nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED). For example, a halo is observed in the diffraction pattern of a quartz glass substrate, confirming that the quartz glass is in an amorphous state. Furthermore, a spot-like pattern is observed in the diffraction pattern of an In-Ga-Zn oxide film formed at room temperature, rather than a halo. Therefore, it is presumed that the In-Ga-Zn oxide formed at room temperature is neither single crystal nor polycrystalline, nor in an amorphous state, but is in an intermediate state, and it cannot be concluded that it is in an amorphous state.

[0546] <<Structure of oxide semiconductor>> Note that oxide semiconductors may be classified differently from the above when focusing on their structures. For example, oxide semiconductors are divided into single-crystal oxide semiconductors and other non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors. Examples of non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include the above-mentioned CAAC-OS and nc-OS. Non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include polycrystalline oxide semiconductors, amorphous-like oxide semiconductors (a-like OSs), amorphous oxide semiconductors, and the like.

[0547] Here, the above-mentioned CAAC-OS, nc-OS, and a-like OS will be described in detail.

[0548] [CAAC-OS] CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor having multiple crystalline regions, each with its c-axis aligned in a specific direction. The specific direction can be the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction to the surface on which the CAAC-OS film is formed, or the normal direction to the surface of the CAAC-OS film. A crystalline region is a region with periodic atomic arrangement. If the atomic arrangement is considered as a lattice arrangement, a crystalline region can also be a region with a uniform lattice arrangement. Furthermore, CAAC-OS has a region where multiple crystalline regions are connected in the ab-plane direction, and the region may have distortion. Note that distortion refers to a location where the lattice arrangement changes between a region with a uniform lattice arrangement and a region with a different uniform lattice arrangement in the region where multiple crystalline regions are connected. In other words, CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with a c-axis aligned but no clear orientation in the ab-plane direction.

[0549] Each of the multiple crystalline regions is composed of one or more minute crystals (crystals with a maximum diameter of less than 10 nm). When a crystalline region is composed of one minute crystal, the maximum diameter of the crystalline region is less than 10 nm. When a crystalline region is composed of many minute crystals, the size of the crystalline region may be several tens of nm.

[0550] In the In-Ga-Zn oxide, the CAAC-OS tends to have a layered crystal structure (also referred to as a layered structure) in which a layer containing indium (In) and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as an In layer) and a layer containing gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as a (Ga,Zn) layer) are stacked. Note that indium and gallium are mutually substituted. Therefore, the (Ga,Zn) layer may contain indium. The In layer may contain gallium. The In layer may contain zinc. The layered structure is observed as a lattice image in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, for example.

[0551] When the CAAC-OS film is subjected to structural analysis using, for example, an XRD apparatus, a peak indicating c-axis orientation is detected at or near 2θ=31° in out-of-plane XRD measurement using θ / 2θ scan. Note that the position of the peak indicating c-axis orientation (2θ value) may vary depending on the type and composition of the metallic elements constituting the CAAC-OS.

[0552] For example, in the electron diffraction pattern of a CAAC-OS film, multiple bright spots are observed, and the spots are observed at positions that are point-symmetric with respect to the spot of the incident electron beam that has passed through the sample (also called the direct spot).

[0553] When the crystalline region is observed from the specific direction, the lattice arrangement within the crystalline region is basically a hexagonal lattice, but the unit cell is not necessarily a regular hexagon and may be non-regular hexagonal. The distortion may also have a pentagonal, heptagonal, or other lattice arrangement. In the CAAC-OS, no clear grain boundaries are observed even near the distortion. This indicates that the formation of grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is thought to be because the CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the lack of close-packed oxygen atom arrangement in the ab-plane direction and the change in interatomic bond distance caused by metal atom substitution.

[0554] A crystal structure with clear grain boundaries is called polycrystalline. Grain boundaries act as recombination centers, trapping carriers and potentially causing a decrease in the on-state current and field-effect mobility of a transistor. Therefore, CAAC-OS, which lacks clear grain boundaries, is one of the crystalline oxides with a crystal structure suitable for use in the semiconductor layer of a transistor. Zn is preferred for use in CAAC-OS. For example, In-Zn oxide and In-Ga-Zn oxide are suitable because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries more effectively than In oxide.

[0555] CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity and no clear crystal grain boundaries. Therefore, it can be said that the CAAC-OS is less susceptible to a decrease in electron mobility due to crystal grain boundaries. Furthermore, since the crystallinity of an oxide semiconductor can be reduced by the inclusion of impurities or the generation of defects, the CAAC-OS can also be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, oxide semiconductors with CAAC-OS have stable physical properties. Therefore, oxide semiconductors with CAAC-OS are heat-resistant and highly reliable. Furthermore, the CAAC-OS is stable even under high temperatures (so-called thermal budget) during the manufacturing process. Therefore, using a CAAC-OS for an OS transistor can increase the flexibility of the manufacturing process.

[0556] [nc-OS] The nc-OS has periodic atomic arrangement in a microscopic region (e.g., a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm). In other words, the nc-OS has microcrystalline structures. The size of the microcrystalline structures is, for example, 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly 1 nm to 3 nm, and therefore these microcrystalline structures are also called nanocrystalline structures. Furthermore, the nc-OS exhibits no regularity in the crystal orientation between different nanocrystalline structures. Therefore, the entire film lacks orientation. Therefore, depending on the analytical method, the nc-OS may be indistinguishable from an a-like OS or an amorphous oxide semiconductor. For example, when a structural analysis of an nc-OS film is performed using an XRD system, no peaks indicating crystallinity are detected in out-of-plane XRD measurements using θ / 2θ scanning. Furthermore, when an nc-OS film is subjected to electron diffraction (also known as selected-area electron diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter larger than that of nanocrystalline structures (e.g., 50 nm or larger), a halo-like diffraction pattern is observed. On the other hand, when electron diffraction (also called nanobeam electron diffraction) is performed on an nc-OS film using an electron beam with a probe diameter close to or smaller than the size of the nanocrystals (for example, 1 nm to 30 nm), an electron diffraction pattern can be obtained in which multiple spots are observed within a ring-shaped region centered on the direct spot.

[0557] [a-like OS] The a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between the nc-OS and the amorphous oxide semiconductor. The a-like OS has a pore or low-density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS. Furthermore, the a-like OS has a higher hydrogen concentration in the film than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS.

[0558] <<Oxide semiconductor structure>> Next, the above-mentioned CAC-OS will be described in detail, which relates to the material composition.

[0559] [CAC-OS] CAC-OS is a material structure in which elements constituting a metal oxide are unevenly distributed in a size range of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 3 nm, or a similar size range. Hereinafter, a metal oxide in which one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed and the regions containing the metal elements are mixed in a size range of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 3 nm, or a similar size range, is also referred to as a mosaic or patch state.

[0560] Furthermore, CAC-OS has a mosaic structure in which the material is separated into first and second regions, and the first regions are distributed throughout the film (hereinafter also referred to as a cloud structure). That is, CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide having a structure in which the first and second regions are mixed.

[0561] Here, the atomic ratios of In, Ga, and Zn to the metal elements constituting the CAC-OS in the In-Ga-Zn oxide are denoted as [In], [Ga], and [Zn], respectively. For example, in the CAC-OS in the In-Ga-Zn oxide, the first region is a region where [In] is larger than [In] in the composition of the CAC-OS film. The second region is a region where [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the composition of the CAC-OS film. Alternatively, for example, the first region is a region where [In] is larger than [In] in the second region and [Ga] is smaller than [Ga] in the second region. The second region is a region where [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the first region and [In] is smaller than [In] in the first region.

[0562] Specifically, the first region is a region whose main component is indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, or the like. The second region is a region whose main component is gallium oxide, gallium zinc oxide, or the like. In other words, the first region can be rephrased as a region whose main component is In. The second region can be rephrased as a region whose main component is Ga.

[0563] It should be noted that there are cases where a clear boundary between the first region and the second region cannot be observed.

[0564] In addition, CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide refers to a material structure containing In, Ga, Zn, and O, in which some regions primarily composed of Ga and other regions primarily composed of In are randomly arranged in a mosaic pattern. Therefore, it is presumed that CAC-OS has a structure in which metal elements are distributed nonuniformly.

[0565] CAC-OS can be formed, for example, by a sputtering method under conditions where the substrate is not intentionally heated. When forming CAC-OS by a sputtering method, any one or more of an inert gas (typically argon), oxygen gas, and nitrogen gas may be used as the deposition gas. The lower the flow rate of oxygen gas relative to the total flow rate of deposition gas during deposition, the better. For example, the flow rate of oxygen gas relative to the total flow rate of deposition gas during deposition is set to 0% or more and less than 30%, preferably 0% or more and 10% or less.

[0566] Furthermore, for example, in the case of CAC-OS in an In-Ga-Zn oxide, EDX mapping obtained using EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) confirms that the CAC-OS has a structure in which a region containing In as a main component (first region) and a region containing Ga as a main component (second region) are unevenly distributed and mixed.

[0567] Here, the first region has higher conductivity than the second region. That is, the flow of carriers through the first region causes the metal oxide to exhibit conductivity. Therefore, the first region is distributed in a cloud-like manner in the metal oxide, thereby achieving a high field-effect mobility (μ).

[0568] On the other hand, the second region has higher insulating properties than the first region. That is, the second region is distributed in the metal oxide, thereby suppressing leakage current.

[0569] Therefore, when CAC-OS is used in a transistor, the conductivity due to the first region and the insulating property due to the second region act complementarily, thereby providing the CAC-OS with a switching function (the ability to turn on / off). In other words, CAC-OS has a conductive function in part of the material and an insulating function in part of the material, and the material as a whole functions as a semiconductor. By separating the conductive function from the insulating function, both functions can be maximized. Therefore, by using CAC-OS in a transistor, a high on-current (I on ), high field-effect mobility (μ), and good switching behavior can be achieved.

[0570] Furthermore, a transistor using CAC-OS has high reliability, making it ideal for various semiconductor devices such as display devices.

[0571] Oxide semiconductors have a variety of structures, each with different characteristics. The oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, a CAC-OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.

[0572] <Transistors containing oxide semiconductors> Next, a case where the oxide semiconductor is used in a transistor will be described.

[0573] By using the oxide semiconductor for a transistor, a transistor with high field-effect mobility and high reliability can be realized.

[0574] For the transistor, an oxide semiconductor with a low carrier concentration is preferably used. For example, the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is 1×10 17 cm -3 Less than 1 × 10 15 cm -3 or less, more preferably 1 × 10 13 cm -3 Less than or equal to 1×10 11 cm -3 or less, more preferably 1 × 10 10 cm -3 Less than 1 x 10 -9 cm -3 That is all. Note that in order to reduce the carrier concentration of an oxide semiconductor film, the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be reduced to reduce the density of defect states. In this specification and the like, a semiconductor having a low impurity concentration and a low density of defect states is referred to as a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor. Note that an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration may also be referred to as a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor.

[0575] Furthermore, a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor film has a low density of defect states, and therefore the density of trap states may also be low.

[0576] Furthermore, charges trapped in the trap states of an oxide semiconductor take a long time to disappear and may behave like fixed charges. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high density of trap states may have unstable electrical characteristics.

[0577] Therefore, reducing the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor is effective for stabilizing the electrical characteristics of a transistor. Furthermore, in order to reduce the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor, it is preferable to also reduce the impurity concentration in adjacent films. Examples of impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, and silicon. Note that impurities in an oxide semiconductor refer to, for example, elements other than the main components constituting the oxide semiconductor. For example, an element with a concentration of less than 0.1 atomic % can be considered an impurity.

[0578] <Impurities> Here, the influence of each impurity in an oxide semiconductor will be described.

[0579] When an oxide semiconductor contains silicon or carbon, which is one of the Group 14 elements, defect levels are formed in the oxide semiconductor. Therefore, the concentration of silicon or carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon or carbon near the interface with the oxide semiconductor (concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)) are calculated to be 2×10 18 atoms / cm 3 Less than or equal to 2 x 10 17 atoms / cm 3 The following applies.

[0580] Furthermore, when an oxide semiconductor contains an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, defect levels may be formed and carriers may be generated. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is likely to have normally-on characteristics. Therefore, when the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is 1×10 18 atoms / cm 3 Less than or equal to 2 x 10 16 atoms / cm 3 Do the following:

[0581] Furthermore, when nitrogen is contained in an oxide semiconductor, electrons serving as carriers are generated, the carrier concentration increases, and the semiconductor is likely to become n-type. As a result, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing nitrogen as a semiconductor tends to have normally-on characteristics. Alternatively, when nitrogen is contained in an oxide semiconductor, trap states may be formed. As a result, the electrical characteristics of the transistor may become unstable. For this reason, the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 5×10 19 atoms / cm 3 Less than 5 x 10 18 atoms / cm3 Less than or equal to 1×10 18 atoms / cm 3 Less than 5 × 10, more preferably 17 atoms / cm 3 Do the following:

[0582] Furthermore, hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor may react with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to form water, which may form an oxygen vacancy. When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancy, electrons serving as carriers may be generated. Furthermore, some of the hydrogen may bond with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to generate electrons serving as carriers. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics. For this reason, it is preferable to reduce the amount of hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor as much as possible. Specifically, the hydrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is measured to be 1×10 20 atoms / cm 3 Less than 1 x 10 19 atoms / cm 3 less than 5 × 10 18 atoms / cm 3 less than 1×10 18 atoms / cm 3 Make it less than.

[0583] When an oxide semiconductor with sufficiently reduced impurities is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, stable electrical characteristics can be obtained.

[0584] This embodiment mode can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiment modes described in this specification.

[0585] (Embodiment 9) In this embodiment, electronic devices of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0586] The electronic devices of this embodiment include the display device of one embodiment of the present invention. The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can easily achieve high definition, high resolution, and a large size. Therefore, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used as a display portion of various electronic devices.

[0587] Furthermore, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured at low cost, which leads to a reduction in the manufacturing cost of electronic devices.

[0588] Examples of electronic devices include electronic devices with relatively large screens such as television sets, desktop or notebook personal computers, computer monitors, digital signage, large game machines such as pachinko machines, as well as digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound playback devices.

[0589] In particular, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can achieve high resolution and can therefore be suitably used in electronic devices having a relatively small display portion. Examples of such electronic devices include information terminals (wearable devices) such as wristwatches and bracelets, as well as head-mounted wearable devices such as VR devices and eyeglass-type AR devices. Examples of wearable devices include devices for substitutional reality (SR) and mixed reality (MR).

[0590] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably has an extremely high resolution such as HD (1280 × 720 pixels), FHD (1920 × 1080 pixels), WQHD (2560 × 1440 pixels), WQXGA (2560 × 1600 pixels), 4K2K (3840 × 2160 pixels), or 8K4K (7680 × 4320 pixels). A resolution of 4K2K, 8K4K, or higher is particularly preferable. Furthermore, the pixel density (resolution) of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 300 ppi or higher, more preferably 500 ppi or higher, more preferably 1000 ppi or higher, more preferably 2000 ppi or higher, more preferably 3000 ppi or higher, more preferably 5000 ppi or higher, and even more preferably 7000 ppi or higher. By using a display device with such high resolution or high definition, it is possible to further enhance the sense of presence and depth in electronic devices for personal use such as portable or home use.

[0591] The electronic device of this embodiment can be incorporated along the curved surface of the inner or outer wall of a house or building, or the interior or exterior of an automobile.

[0592] The electronic device of this embodiment may have an antenna. By receiving a signal through the antenna, images, information, and the like can be displayed on a display portion. In addition, when the electronic device has an antenna and a secondary battery, the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.

[0593] The electronic device of this embodiment may have a sensor (including the function of sensing, detecting, or measuring force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared light).

[0594] The electronic device of the present embodiment can have various functions, such as a function to display various information (still images, videos, text images, etc.) on a display unit, a touch panel function, a function to display a calendar, date, time, etc., a function to execute various software (programs), a wireless communication function, a function to read out programs or data recorded on a recording medium, etc.

[0595] Electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 32A is a portable information terminal that can be used as a smartphone.

[0596] The electronic device 6500 includes a housing 6501, a display portion 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, and a light source 6508. The display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.

[0597] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502.

[0598] FIG. 32B is a schematic cross-sectional view including the end of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.

[0599] A light-transmitting protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, optical members 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, a printed circuit board 6517, a battery 6518, etc. are arranged in the space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.

[0600] A display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 by adhesive layers (not shown).

[0601] In an area outside the display unit 6502, a part of the display panel 6511 is folded back, and an FPC 6515 is connected to the folded back part. An IC 6516 is mounted on the FPC 6515. The FPC 6515 is connected to a terminal provided on a printed circuit board 6517.

[0602] The flexible display (flexible display device) of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511. Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. In addition, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, a large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted thereon while keeping the thickness of the electronic device small. Furthermore, by folding back a part of the display panel 6511 and arranging a connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the pixel portion, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.

[0603] 33A shows an example of a television device. A television device 7100 has a display unit 7000 built into a housing 7101. Here, the housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103.

[0604] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.

[0605] 33A can be operated using operation switches provided on the housing 7101 and a separate remote control 7111. Alternatively, a touch sensor may be provided in the display unit 7000, and the television 7100 may be operated by touching the display unit 7000 with a finger or the like. The remote control 7111 may have a display unit that displays information output from the remote control 7111. The channel and volume can be controlled using the operation keys or touch panel provided on the remote control 7111, and the video displayed on the display unit 7000 can be controlled.

[0606] The television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like. The receiver can receive general television broadcasts. In addition, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via the modem, it is possible to perform one-way (from sender to receiver) or two-way (between sender and receiver, or between receivers, etc.) information communication.

[0607] 33B shows an example of a laptop personal computer 7200. The laptop personal computer 7200 includes a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like. A display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211.

[0608] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.

[0609] 33C and 33D show an example of digital signage.

[0610] 33C includes a housing 7301, a display unit 7000, and a speaker 7303. The digital signage 7300 may further include an LED lamp, operation keys (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.

[0611] 33D shows a digital signage 7400 attached to a cylindrical pillar 7401. The digital signage 7400 has a display unit 7000 provided along the curved surface of the pillar 7401.

[0612] 33C and 33D, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.

[0613] The larger the display unit 7000, the more information can be provided at one time. Also, the larger the display unit 7000, the more easily it will attract people's attention, which can increase the advertising effectiveness of, for example, advertisements.

[0614] Applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000 is preferable because it not only displays images or videos on the display unit 7000 but also allows the user to intuitively operate it. Furthermore, when used to provide information such as route information or traffic information, intuitive operation can improve usability.

[0615] 33C and 33D, it is preferable that digital signage 7300 or digital signage 7400 can be linked via wireless communication with information terminal 7311 or information terminal 7411, such as a smartphone carried by a user. For example, advertising information displayed on display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of information terminal 7311 or information terminal 7411. Furthermore, by operating information terminal 7311 or information terminal 7411, the display on display unit 7000 can be switched.

[0616] Furthermore, it is also possible to cause the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 to execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 as an operation means (controller), thereby allowing an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in and enjoy the game.

[0617] FIG. 34A is a diagram showing the appearance of the camera 8000 with the viewfinder 8100 attached.

[0618] The camera 8000 includes a housing 8001, a display unit 8002, operation buttons 8003, a shutter button 8004, etc. A detachable lens 8006 is attached to the camera 8000. Note that the lens 8006 and the housing 8001 of the camera 8000 may be integrated together.

[0619] The camera 8000 can capture an image by pressing a shutter button 8004 or touching a display unit 8002 that functions as a touch panel.

[0620] The housing 8001 has a mount with electrodes, and can be connected to a finder 8100 as well as a strobe device and the like.

[0621] The finder 8100 includes a housing 8101, a display portion 8102, a button 8103, and the like.

[0622] The housing 8101 is attached to the camera 8000 by a mount that engages with the mount of the camera 8000. The viewfinder 8100 can display an image received from the camera 8000 on a display unit 8102.

[0623] The button 8103 has a function such as a power button.

[0624] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a display portion 8002 of a camera 8000 and a display portion 8102 of a finder 8100. Note that the camera 8000 may have a built-in finder.

[0625] FIG. 34B is a diagram showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8200.

[0626] The head-mounted display 8200 includes a mounting portion 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display portion 8204, and a cable 8205. The mounting portion 8201 has a built-in battery 8206.

[0627] A cable 8205 supplies power from a battery 8206 to the main body 8203. The main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver or the like, and can display received video information on a display portion 8204. The main body 8203 also includes a camera, and can use information on the movement of the user's eyeballs or eyelids as an input means.

[0628] The wearing unit 8201 may have a function of recognizing the line of sight by providing a plurality of electrodes at positions that come into contact with the user, capable of detecting a current that flows in accordance with the movement of the user's eyeballs. The wearing unit 8201 may also have a function of monitoring the user's pulse rate based on the current that flows through the electrodes. The wearing unit 8201 may also have various sensors, such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor, and may also have a function of displaying the user's biological information on the display unit 8204 and a function of changing the image displayed on the display unit 8204 in accordance with the movement of the user's head.

[0629] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8204.

[0630] 34C to 34E are diagrams showing the appearance of a head mounted display 8300. The head mounted display 8300 includes a housing 8301, a display portion 8302, a band-shaped fixture 8304, and a pair of lenses 8305.

[0631] A user can view the display on the display portion 8302 through the lens 8305. Note that it is preferable to arrange the display portion 8302 in a curved manner because the user can feel a high sense of presence. In addition, by viewing different images displayed in different regions of the display portion 8302 through the lens 8305, it is possible to perform 3D display using parallax. Note that the present invention is not limited to a configuration in which one display portion 8302 is provided, and two display portions 8302 may be provided, with one display portion being provided for each eye of the user.

[0632] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8302. The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can also achieve extremely high resolution. For example, even when the display is enlarged and viewed using the lens 8305 as shown in FIG. 34E, the pixels are hardly visible to the user. That is, the display portion 8302 allows the user to view a highly realistic image.

[0633] 34F is a diagram showing the appearance of a goggle-type head-mounted display 8400. The head-mounted display 8400 includes a pair of housings 8401, a mounting portion 8402, and a cushioning member 8403. A display portion 8404 and a lens 8405 are provided in each of the pair of housings 8401. By displaying different images on the pair of display portions 8404, a 3D display using parallax can be performed.

[0634] A user can view the display portion 8404 through the lens 8405. The lens 8405 has a focus adjustment mechanism, and its position can be adjusted according to the user's eyesight. The display portion 8404 is preferably a square or a horizontally long rectangle. This can enhance the sense of realism.

[0635] The wearing part 8402 is preferably adjustable to fit the size of the user's face and has plasticity and elasticity to prevent it from slipping off. Furthermore, a part of the wearing part 8402 preferably has a vibration mechanism that functions as a bone conduction earphone. This allows the user to enjoy video and audio simply by wearing the earphone, without the need for separate audio equipment such as earphones or speakers. The housing 8401 may also have a function to output audio data via wireless communication.

[0636] The mounting unit 8402 and the buffer member 8403 are portions that come into contact with the user's face (forehead, cheeks, etc.). The close contact of the buffer member 8403 with the user's face can prevent light leakage and enhance the sense of immersion. The buffer member 8403 is preferably made of a soft material so that it can be in close contact with the user's face when the user wears the head-mounted display 8400. For example, materials such as rubber, silicone rubber, urethane, and sponge can be used. Furthermore, using a sponge or the like with its surface covered with cloth or leather (natural leather or synthetic leather) can prevent gaps from forming between the user's face and the buffer member 8403, thereby effectively preventing light leakage. Furthermore, using such materials is preferable because they feel pleasant to the touch and do not cause the user to feel cold when worn in cold seasons. It is preferable that components that come into contact with the user's skin, such as the buffer member 8403 or the mounting unit 8402, be removable for easy cleaning or replacement.

[0637] The electronic device shown in Figures 35A to 35F has a housing 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007 (including the function of detecting, detecting, or measuring force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared rays), a microphone 9008, etc.

[0638] 35A to 35F have various functions. For example, they may have a function to display various information (still images, videos, text images, etc.) on a display unit, a touch panel function, a function to display a calendar, date, or time, a function to control processing using various software (programs), a wireless communication function, a function to read and process programs or data recorded on a recording medium, etc. Note that the functions of the electronic device are not limited to these, and the electronic device may have various other functions. The electronic device may have multiple display units. Furthermore, the electronic device may have a function to include a camera or the like to capture still images or videos and store them on a recording medium (external or built-in to the camera), a function to display the captured images on the display unit, etc.

[0639] The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 9001 .

[0640] The electronic devices shown in FIGS. 35A to 35F will be described in detail below.

[0641] FIG. 35A is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9101. The mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as, for example, a smartphone. The mobile information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like. The mobile information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on multiple surfaces thereof. FIG. 35A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed. Information 9051, indicated by a dashed rectangle, can also be displayed on another surface of the display unit 9001. Examples of the information 9051 include notifications of incoming emails, SNS messages, phone calls, etc., the title of the email or SNS message, the sender's name, the date and time, the remaining battery level, and the strength of antenna reception. Alternatively, the icon 9050 or the like may be displayed in the position where the information 9051 is displayed.

[0642] 35B is a perspective view showing mobile information terminal 9102. Mobile information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more sides of display unit 9001. Here, an example is shown in which information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different sides. For example, while carrying mobile information terminal 9102 in a breast pocket of clothes, the user can check information 9053 displayed in a position that can be observed from above mobile information terminal 9102. The user can check the display without taking mobile information terminal 9102 out of the pocket and decide, for example, whether to answer a call.

[0643] FIG. 35C is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type mobile information terminal 9200. The mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as, for example, a smart watch (registered trademark). The display surface of the display unit 9001 is curved, and a display can be performed along the curved display surface. The mobile information terminal 9200 can also perform hands-free communication by communicating with, for example, a headset capable of wireless communication. The mobile information terminal 9200 can also perform data transmission and reception with another information terminal and charge itself via a connection terminal 9006. Note that charging may be performed by wireless power supply.

[0644] 35D to 35F are perspective views showing a foldable mobile information terminal 9201. FIG. 35D shows the mobile information terminal 9201 in an unfolded state, FIG. 35F shows it in a folded state, and FIG. 35E is a perspective view showing a state in the process of changing from one of FIG. 35D and FIG. 35F to the other. The mobile information terminal 9201 is highly portable when folded, and has a seamless, wide display area when unfolded, providing excellent viewability of the display. The display unit 9001 of the mobile information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by hinges 9055. For example, the display unit 9001 can be bent with a curvature radius of 0.1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.

[0645] At least a part of the configuration examples exemplified in this embodiment and the corresponding drawings can be combined as appropriate with other configuration examples or drawings.

[0646] This embodiment mode can be implemented by appropriately combining at least a part thereof with other embodiment modes described in this specification. [Explanation of symbols]

[0647] 100C: display device, 100D: display device, 100E: display device, 100F: display device, 100G: display device, 100: display device, 101: substrate, 102: substrate, 103B: subpixel, 103G: subpixel, 103R: subpixel, 103S: subpixel, 103: pixel, 105: insulating layer, 110B: light-emitting element, 110G: light-emitting element, 110R: light-emitting element, 110S: light-receiving element, 110: light-emitting element, 111B: pixel electrode, 111C: connection electrode, 111G: pixel electrode, 111R: pixel electrode, 111S: pixel electrode, 111: pixel electrode, 112B: organic layer, 112f: organic film , 112G: organic layer, 112R: organic layer, 112: organic layer, 113: common electrode, 114: organic layer, 120: slit, 121: protective layer, 122: resin layer, 125f: insulating film, 125: insulating layer, 126: resin layer, 129B: colored layer, 129G: colored layer, 129R: colored layer, 129: colored layer, 130: connecting portion, 131: insulating layer, 132: insulating layer, 143: resist mask, 144: sacrificial film, 145: sacrificial layer, 146: sacrificial film, 147: sacrificial layer, 155f: organic film, 155: organic layer, 161: conductive layer, 162: conductive layer, 163: resin layer, 173: resist mask , 174: sacrificial film, 175: sacrificial layer, 176: sacrificial film, 177: sacrificial layer, 200: display panel, 201: substrate, 202: substrate, 203: functional layer, 211B: light-emitting element, 211G: light-emitting element, 211R: light-emitting element, 211W: light-emitting element, 211: light-emitting element, 212: light-receiving element, 220: finger, 221: contact portion, 222: fingerprint, 223: imaging range, 225: stylus, 226: trajectory, 252: transistor, 254: connection portion, 258: transistor, 259: transistor, 260: transistor, 261: insulating layer, 262: insulating layer, 265: insulating layer, 268 : insulating layer, 271: conductive layer, 272a: conductive layer, 272b: conductive layer, 273: conductive layer, 275: insulating layer, 278: connecting portion, 281i: channel forming region, 281n: low resistance region, 281: semiconductor layer, 292: connecting layer, 294: insulating layer, 400: display device, 411a: conductive layer, 411b: conductive layer, 411c: conductive layer, 412G: EL layer, 412S: PD layer, 413: common electrode, 414: organic layer, 416: protective layer, 417: light-shielding layer, 418: colored layer, 421: insulating layer, 422: resin layer, 430b: light-emitting element, 440: light-receiving element, 442: adhesive layer, 453: substrate,454: substrate, 455: adhesive layer, 462: display unit, 464: circuit, 465: wiring, 466: conductive layer, 472: FPC, 473: IC, 500: display device, 501: electrode, 502: electrode, 512Q_1: light-emitting unit, 512Q_2: light-emitting unit, 512Q_3: light-emitting unit, 512W: light-emitting unit, 521: layer, 522: layer, 523Q_1: light-emitting layer, 523Q_2: light-emitting layer, 523Q_3: light-emitting layer, 524: layer, 525: layer, 526: active layer, 531: intermediate layer, 540: protective layer, 545B: colored layer, 545G: colored layer, 545R: colored layer, 550 S: light receiving element, 550W: light emitting element, 555: light receiving unit, 701: substrate, 702L: display unit, 702R: display unit, 702: display unit, 1240: capacitor, 1241: conductive layer, 1243: insulating layer, 1245: conductive layer, 1251: conductive layer, 1252: conductive layer, 1254: insulating layer, 1255a: insulating layer, 1255b: insulating layer, 1256: plug, 1261: insulating layer, 1262: insulating layer, 1263: insulating layer, 1264: insulating layer, 1265: insulating layer, 1271: plug, 1274a: conductive layer, 1274b: conductive layer, 1274: plug, 1280: display module, 1 281: display section, 1282: circuit section, 1283a: pixel circuit, 1283: pixel circuit section, 1284a: pixel, 1284: pixel section, 1285: terminal section, 1286: wiring section, 1290: FPC, 1291: substrate, 1292: substrate, 1301A: substrate, 1301B: substrate, 1301: substrate, 1310A: transistor, 1310B: transistor, 1310: transistor, 1311: conductive layer, 1312: low resistance region, 1313: insulating layer, 1314: insulating layer, 1315: element isolation layer, 1320: transistor, 1321: semiconductor layer, 1323: insulating layer, 1324: Conductive layer, 1325: conductive layer, 1326: insulating layer, 1327: conductive layer, 1328: insulating layer, 1329: insulating layer, 1331: substrate, 1332: insulating layer, 1335: insulating layer, 1336: insulating layer, 1341: conductive layer, 1342: conductive layer, 1343: plug, 1344: insulating layer, 1345: insulating layer, 1346: insulating layer, 1347: bump, 1348: adhesive layer, 6500: electronic device, 6501: housing, 6502: display unit, 6503: power button, 6504: button, 6505: speaker, 6506: microphone, 6507: camera, 6508: light source, 6510: protective member,6511: Display panel, 6512: Optical component, 6513: Touch sensor panel, 6515: FPC, 6516: IC, 6517: Printed circuit board, 6518: Battery, 7000: Display unit, 7100: Television device, 7101: Housing, 7103: Stand, 7111: Remote control device, 7200: Notebook personal computer, 7211: Housing, 7212: Keyboard, 7213: Pointing device Chair, 7214: External connection port, 7300: Digital signage, 7301: Housing, 7303: Speaker, 7311: Information terminal, 7400: Digital signage, 7401: Pillar, 7411: Information terminal, 8000: Camera, 8001: Housing, 8002: Display, 8003: Operation buttons, 8004: Shutter button, 8006: Lens, 8100: Viewfinder, 8101: Housing, 8102: Display, 81 03: Button, 8200: Head-mounted display, 8201: Mounting part, 8202: Lens, 8203: Main body, 8204: Display part, 8205: Cable, 8206: Battery, 8300: Head-mounted display, 8301: Housing, 8302: Display part, 8304: Fixing device, 8305: Lens, 8400: Head-mounted display, 8401: Housing, 8402: Mounting part, 8403: Cushioning material, 84 04: Display unit, 8405: Lens, 9000: Housing, 9001: Display unit, 9003: Speaker, 9005: Operation keys, 9006: Connection terminal, 9007: Sensor, 9008: Microphone, 9050: Icon, 9051: Information, 9052: Information, 9053: Information, 9054: Information, 9055: Hinge, 9101: Portable information terminal, 9102: Portable information terminal, 9200: Portable information terminal, 9201: Portable information terminal,

Claims

1. forming a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode; forming a first organic film to cover the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode; forming a first sacrificial film on the first organic film; forming a first resist mask on the first sacrificial film so as to overlap the first pixel electrode; using the first resist mask, processing the first sacrificial film into an island-shaped first sacrificial layer; processing the first organic film into island-shaped first organic layers using the first sacrificial layer as a mask; forming a second organic film to cover the first organic layer and the second pixel electrode; forming a second sacrificial film on the second organic film; forming a second resist mask on the second sacrificial film so as to overlap the second pixel electrode; using the second resist mask, processing the second sacrificial film into an island-shaped second sacrificial layer; processing the second organic film into island-shaped second organic layers using the second sacrificial layer as a mask; After the second organic layer is formed, an insulating film is formed to cover the first organic layer and the second organic layer; forming a resin layer on the insulating film in a region between the first organic layer and the second organic layer; disposing a colored layer on the first organic layer; the first organic layer contains a light-emitting organic compound; the second organic layer contains a photoelectric conversion material; A method for manufacturing a display device.

2. Forming a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, forming a first organic film to cover the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode; forming a first sacrificial film on the first organic film; forming a first resist mask on the first sacrificial film so as to overlap the first pixel electrode; using the first resist mask, processing the first sacrificial film into an island-shaped first sacrificial layer; processing the first organic film into island-shaped first organic layers using the first sacrificial layer as a mask; forming a second organic film to cover the first organic layer and the second pixel electrode; forming a second sacrificial film on the second organic film; forming a second resist mask on the second sacrificial film so as to overlap the second pixel electrode; using the second resist mask, processing the second sacrificial film into an island-shaped second sacrificial layer; processing the second organic film into island-shaped second organic layers using the second sacrificial layer as a mask; After the second organic layer is formed, an insulating film is formed by atomic layer deposition to cover the first organic layer and the second organic layer; forming a resin layer on the insulating film in a region between the first organic layer and the second organic layer; disposing a colored layer on the first organic layer; the first organic layer contains a light-emitting organic compound; the second organic layer contains a photoelectric conversion material; A method for manufacturing a display device.

3. forming a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode; forming a first organic film to cover the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode; forming a first sacrificial film on the first organic film; forming a first resist mask on the first sacrificial film so as to overlap the first pixel electrode; using the first resist mask, processing the first sacrificial film into an island-shaped first sacrificial layer; processing the first organic film into island-shaped first organic layers using the first sacrificial layer as a mask; forming a second organic film to cover the first organic layer and the second pixel electrode; forming a second sacrificial film on the second organic film; forming a second resist mask on the second sacrificial film so as to overlap the second pixel electrode; using the second resist mask, processing the second sacrificial film into an island-shaped second sacrificial layer; processing the second organic film into island-shaped second organic layers using the second sacrificial layer as a mask; After the second organic layer is formed, an insulating film is formed to cover the first organic layer and the second organic layer; forming a resin layer on the insulating film in a region between the first organic layer and the second organic layer; disposing a colored layer on the second organic layer; the first organic layer contains a photoelectric conversion material; the second organic layer contains a light-emitting organic compound; A method for manufacturing a display device.

4. Forming a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, forming a first organic film to cover the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode; forming a first sacrificial film on the first organic film; forming a first resist mask on the first sacrificial film so as to overlap the first pixel electrode; using the first resist mask, processing the first sacrificial film into an island-shaped first sacrificial layer; processing the first organic film into island-shaped first organic layers using the first sacrificial layer as a mask; forming a second organic film to cover the first organic layer and the second pixel electrode; forming a second sacrificial film on the second organic film; forming a second resist mask on the second sacrificial film so as to overlap the second pixel electrode; using the second resist mask, processing the second sacrificial film into an island-shaped second sacrificial layer; processing the second organic film into island-shaped second organic layers using the second sacrificial layer as a mask; After the second organic layer is formed, an insulating film is formed by atomic layer deposition to cover the first organic layer and the second organic layer; forming a resin layer on the insulating film in a region between the first organic layer and the second organic layer; disposing a colored layer on the second organic layer; the first organic layer contains a photoelectric conversion material; the second organic layer contains a light-emitting organic compound; A method for manufacturing a display device.

5. In claims 1 to 4, A photosensitive organic resin is used as the resin layer. A method for manufacturing a display device.

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